WO2022262129A1 - 一种led控制系统 - Google Patents

一种led控制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022262129A1
WO2022262129A1 PCT/CN2021/117640 CN2021117640W WO2022262129A1 WO 2022262129 A1 WO2022262129 A1 WO 2022262129A1 CN 2021117640 W CN2021117640 W CN 2021117640W WO 2022262129 A1 WO2022262129 A1 WO 2022262129A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
led
switch tube
circuit
receiving port
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/117640
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张贤成
周兴安
Original Assignee
无锡德芯微电子有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 无锡德芯微电子有限公司 filed Critical 无锡德芯微电子有限公司
Priority to US18/550,993 priority Critical patent/US20240172351A1/en
Publication of WO2022262129A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022262129A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/165—Controlling the light source following a pre-assigned programmed sequence; Logic control [LC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/32—Pulse-control circuits
    • H05B45/325—Pulse-width modulation [PWM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H05B45/48—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs organised in strings and incorporating parallel shunting devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/32—Pulse-control circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H05B45/375—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] using buck topology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/42—Antiparallel configurations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of LED control, in particular to an LED control system.
  • LED has been widely used in many fields such as furniture decoration, festive scene beautification, Christmas lights and so on.
  • the LED drive circuit is required to control or adjust its output gray level, and a controller is required to send control data as required.
  • a controller is required to send control data as required.
  • four wires are required to connect the controller to the LED unit, although three wires are sometimes used. Whether it is a four-wire system or a three-wire system, there are dedicated data lines for the controller to send data to the LED unit.
  • two wires have been used. It is also difficult to decode the data of this solution, and it is necessary to accurately separate the valid data from the power line. All of these make the design of this type of product complicated, high in cost and low in reliability.
  • the invention provides an LED control system, which solves the problem of complex structure and high cost of the LED control system in the related art.
  • a LED control system including:
  • the controller includes a first data output port and a second data output port, for sending a first data signal through the first data output port, sending a second data signal through the second data output port, and the The first data signal and the second data signal are in opposite phases of each other;
  • the LED light string can receive the first data signal and the second data signal through the data receiving port, and can realize the display control of the LED light according to the first data signal and the second data signal, and can control the display of the first data signal and the second data signal.
  • the first data signal and the second data signal perform power conversion to realize the power supply of the LED lamp.
  • the LED light string includes: N LED units in series, each LED unit includes a first data receiving port and a second data receiving port, the first data receiving port of the first LED unit is used to receive the The first data signal, the second data receiving port of the Nth LED unit is used to receive the second data signal, the second data receiving port of the first LED unit is connected with the first data receiving port of the Nth LED unit They are sequentially connected in series, and N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
  • each of the LED units includes: a power conversion circuit, a data decoding circuit, a display control circuit, a drive control circuit and an LED lamp, and the two input terminals of the power conversion circuit are respectively used as the first The data receiving port and the second data receiving port, the output end of the power conversion circuit is respectively connected to the power supply end of the data decoding circuit and the power supply end of the display control circuit, and the data input end of the data decoding circuit is connected to the LED
  • the first data receiving port of the unit, the data output end of the data decoding circuit is connected to the data input end of the display control circuit, the data output end of the display control circuit is connected to the data input end of the drive control circuit, the The drive control circuit is also respectively connected to the first data receiving port and the second data receiving port of the LED unit, the data output end of the drive control circuit is connected to the cathode of the LED lamp, and the anode of the LED lamp is connected to the first port of the LED unit.
  • Data receiving port
  • the power conversion circuit is capable of converting the first data signal and the second data signal into a power supply
  • the data decoding circuit can decode the first data signal to obtain display control data
  • the display control circuit is used to generate drive control data according to the display control data
  • the driving control circuit is used for generating a driving signal according to the driving control data, so that the LED displays according to the driving signal.
  • the power conversion circuit includes: a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode and a first capacitor, the cathode of the first diode is connected to the the first data receiving port of the LED unit, the anode of the first diode is connected to the anode of the third diode, and the cathode of the third diode is connected to the second data receiving port of the LED unit,
  • the anode of the second diode is connected to the first data receiving port of the LED unit
  • the cathode of the second diode is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode
  • the anode of the fourth diode is connected to the second data receiving port of the LED unit
  • one end of the first capacitor is connected to the cathode of the second diode
  • the other end of the first capacitor is connected to the anode of the first diode, so One end of the first capacitor is the positive power supply end of the power conversion circuit, and the
  • the data decoding circuit includes: an edge detection circuit, an oscillator, a counter, a comparator and a shift register, the input end of the edge detection circuit is connected to the first data receiving port of the LED unit, and the edge detection circuit
  • the data output end of the circuit is respectively connected with the oscillator, the counter and the shift register, the counter is connected with the oscillator, the comparator is connected with the counter, and the shift register is connected with the comparator.
  • the data decoding circuit includes: an edge detection circuit, an oscillator, a counter, a comparator, a shift register and a reference bit processing circuit, the input end of the edge detection circuit is connected to the first data receiving port of the LED unit , the data output end of the edge detection circuit is respectively connected to the oscillator, the counter, the reference bit processing circuit and the shift register, the timer is connected to the oscillator, and the comparator is connected to the counter and the shift register respectively.
  • the reference bit processing circuit is connected, and the shift register is connected with the comparator.
  • the display control circuit includes: a reset code detection circuit, a display data register and a switch control circuit, the data input end of the reset code detection circuit is connected to the first data receiving port of the LED unit, and the display data register It is connected with the reset code detection circuit, and the switch control circuit is connected with the display data register.
  • the controller includes: a step-down unit, a main control unit for data transmission, a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a third switch tube, a fourth switch tube, a fifth switch tube, a sixth switch tube, a A resistor and a second resistor, the input end of the step-down unit is connected to the power supply end, the output end of the step-down unit is connected to the data sending main control unit,
  • the output terminals of the data sending main control unit are respectively connected to the control terminal of the first switch tube and the control terminal of the second switch tube, and the first terminal of the first switch tube is connected to the power supply through the first resistor end, the second end of the first switch tube is connected to the signal ground, the first end of the second switch tube is connected to the power supply terminal through the second resistor, and the second end of the second switch tube is connected to the signal ground. land,
  • the control terminal of the third switch tube and the control terminal of the fourth switch tube are both connected to the first end of the first switch tube, the first end of the third switch tube is connected to the power supply terminal, and the third switch tube is connected to the power supply terminal.
  • the second end of the switch tube is connected to the first end of the fourth switch tube and serves as the first data output port of the controller, the second end of the fourth switch tube is connected to the signal ground,
  • Both the control end of the fifth switch tube and the control end of the sixth switch tube are connected to the first end of the second switch tube, the first end of the fifth switch tube is connected to the power supply terminal, and the fifth switch tube is connected to the first end of the second switch tube.
  • the second end of the switch transistor is connected to the first end of the sixth switch transistor and serves as a second data output port of the controller, and the second end of the sixth switch transistor is connected to the signal ground.
  • the data sending main control unit includes a single-chip microcomputer.
  • first switch tube, the second switch tube, the fourth switch tube and the sixth switch tube all include N-type MOS tubes, and the third switch tube and the fifth switch tube include P-type MOS tubes.
  • the LED control system provided by the present invention is composed of a controller and LED light strings.
  • the controller can send data according to ordinary digital signals, and the LED light strings can receive data according to digital signals. Whether it is the data sent by the controller or the LED light strings There is no need to perform operations such as data classification when receiving data, and the LED control system is implemented in a simple manner, with low cost and high reliability.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of the LED control system provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the data transmission waveform and the internal power supply waveform of the LED unit provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the circuit structure of the LED unit provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation circuit of the controller provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the power conversion circuit provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic waveform diagram of the data transmission protocol provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a specific implementation manner of the data decoding circuit provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of another specific implementation manner of the data decoding circuit provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic circuit diagram of the edge detection circuit provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of the reference bit processing circuit provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic circuit diagram of the display control circuit provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic circuit diagram of a reset code detection circuit provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic circuit diagram of a display data register provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic circuit diagram of the switch control circuit provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a VA sending data waveform provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of timing waveforms in the decoding process provided by the present invention.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the waveform of the rate adaptive data transmission protocol provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic circuit diagram of the drive control circuit provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an LED control system provided according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 , including:
  • the controller 10 includes a first data output port VA and a second data output port VB, for sending a first data signal through the first data output port VA, and sending a second data signal through the second data output port VB. signal, and the first data signal and the second data signal are opposite to each other;
  • the LED lamp string 20 can receive the first data signal and the second data signal through the data receiving port, and can realize the display control of the LED lamp according to the first data signal and the second data signal, and can display the Power conversion is performed on the first data signal and the second data signal to realize the power supply of the LED lamp.
  • the LED control system provided by the present invention is composed of a controller and LED light strings.
  • the controller can send data according to ordinary digital signals, and the LED light strings can receive data according to digital signals. Whether it is the data sent by the controller or the LED light strings There is no need to perform operations such as data classification when receiving data, and the LED control system is implemented in a simple manner, with low cost and high reliability.
  • the LED light string 20 includes: N LED units in series, each LED unit includes a first data receiving port and a second data receiving port, and the first data receiving port of the first LED unit is used to receive The first data signal, the second data receiving port of the Nth LED unit is used to receive the second data signal, the second data receiving port of the first LED unit is connected with the first data receiving port of the Nth LED unit
  • N is a natural number greater than or equal to 1.
  • the LED light string is composed of multiple LED units in series. It is necessary to ensure that the total current of the LED units is continuously stable, and the current/voltage characteristic curves of all the series-connected LED units are as consistent as possible.
  • the controller 10 is connected to the LED light string 20 through two wires VA and VB, and the controller 20 sends data and provides power to the LED light string 20 through VA and VB.
  • the LED lamp string 20 is composed of one or more LED units connected in series.
  • the LED unit has two terminals VA and VB.
  • VA and VB are the power input ports of the LED unit, and VA is also the data input port.
  • the LED unit receives the data sent from the controller through VA and uses it to control the on and off of the LED light and the output current.
  • the LED light string 20 can be one LED unit, or can be composed of multiple LED units in series, as shown in Figure 1, multiple LED units are connected in series, and the connection mode is that the VA terminal of the first LED unit is connected with the VA terminal of the controller , the VB terminal of the second LED unit is connected to the VA terminal of the second LED unit, the VB terminal of the second LED unit is connected to the VA terminal of the third LED unit, and so on, the VB terminal of the last LED unit is connected to the VB terminal of the controller connect.
  • the output terminals VA and VB of the controller 10 should be able to provide enough voltage to make each LED unit have a voltage drop of 4V-5V.
  • the LED light string in the LED control system can specifically be five LED units connected in series, and each LED unit has two data ports VA and VB, as shown in Figure 3 .
  • the 5 LED units are connected in series, the VA terminal of the first LED unit is connected to the VA terminal of the controller, the VB terminal is connected to the VA of the second LED unit, and the VB of the second LED unit is connected to the VA of the third LED unit.
  • Five LED units are connected in series, and the VB terminal of the fifth LED unit is connected to the VB terminal of the controller.
  • the system uses a 24V power supply, the output voltage of the controller output port VA and VB is also 24V, and the average voltage difference dropped on each LED unit is 4.8V.
  • the controller 10 provides power and sends data to the LED light string 20 through the VA and VB terminals.
  • the waveforms of VA and VB in the figure are schematic diagrams when sending data.
  • VA output has only two states, namely high level or low level. This is the so-called digital signal mode.
  • VA remains high.
  • the VB output only needs to be inverted with VA in real time.
  • VA and VB driven by the controller 10 can complete the task of sending data and supplying power to the LED unit. Its biggest advantage is that there is no special requirement for VA and VB when sending data. As shown in Figure 6, VA only needs to switch between high level VH and low level 0V to complete the data transmission task, and ordinary digital The signal transmission is exactly the same, and the same is true for VB, only VB and VA are reversed. After the data is sent, VA keeps high level VH, and VB keeps low level 0V to enter the power supply state to supply power to the LED unit. Such a data protocol has almost no requirements on the controller 10, is easy to implement and has high reliability.
  • the corresponding LED unit its decoding circuit can complete the decoding task by processing the input VA data signal according to the digital signal, which is extremely simple and reliable.
  • the controller only needs to send high-level VH or low-level 0V in the two cases of sending data and powering the LED unit, and there is no intermediate level transmission Requirements, such an output signal is easy for the controller and can guarantee its reliability, even in the case that multiple LED units are driven by the same controller, and the corresponding LED unit decoding becomes very Simple.
  • the LED control system provided by the present invention, it is simple and easy for the controller to send data and supply power to the LED unit according to the waveform shown in FIG. 6 , and it is also easy for the corresponding LED unit to decode data from the VA.
  • the data transmission protocol is formulated, and the controller sends data according to the requirements of the data protocol.
  • the LED unit adopts the above-mentioned power supply module and data decoding circuit, which can realize the stable and reliable operation of the two-wire LED lamp control system.
  • each of the LED units includes: a power conversion circuit 201, a data decoding circuit 202, a display control circuit 203, a drive control circuit 207, and an LED lamp, and the two input ends of the power conversion circuit 201 serve as the The first data receiving port VA and the second data receiving port VB of the LED unit, the output end of the power conversion circuit 201 is respectively connected to the power supply end of the data decoding circuit 202 and the power supply end of the display control circuit 203, the data The data input end of the decoding circuit 202 is connected to the first data receiving port VA of the LED unit, the data output end of the data decoding circuit 202 is connected to the data input end of the display control circuit 203, and the data of the display control circuit 203 The output end is connected to the data input end of the drive control circuit 207, and the drive control circuit 207 is also respectively connected to the first data receiving port VA and the second data receiving port VB of the LED unit, and the data of the drive control circuit 207 The output end is connected to the cathode
  • the power conversion circuit 201 can convert the first data signal and the second data signal into a power supply
  • the data decoding circuit 202 can decode the first data signal to obtain display control data
  • the display control circuit 203 is configured to generate drive control data according to the display control data
  • the driving control circuit 207 is used for generating a driving signal according to the driving control data, so that the LEDs display according to the driving signal.
  • the LED unit has two ports VA and VB.
  • VA and VB are both power input terminals and data input terminals, and one of them (for example, VA) can be used as the data port.
  • VA the data port
  • the LED unit needs to be equipped with a power conversion circuit 201.
  • Switch between high-level VH and low-level 0V, and VA and VB are also the power supply terminals of the LED unit. In order for the LED unit to work normally and decode smoothly when VA becomes 0V, it is necessary to change the LED in the LED unit.
  • the power supply system of the driving circuit is specially processed, and this part of the work is realized by the power conversion circuit 201 .
  • the power conversion circuit 201 is used to obtain stable internal power from the VA and VB terminals for stable operation of other circuits.
  • the stable power obtained through the processing of the power conversion circuit is shown in the waveforms of vdd and vss in Figure 2, where vdd is the power supply and vss is land.
  • the LED unit should also include a data decoding circuit 202 for obtaining control data from the VA terminal, because VA is an ordinary digital signal for the decoding circuit, so it only needs to be decoded according to the agreed data protocol.
  • the LED unit should also have a display control circuit 203. The function of this circuit is to control the on and off of the LED lamp or the magnitude of the current through the data obtained by the above-mentioned data decoding circuit. According to actual needs, the LED unit may also include more other functions, which are not limited here.
  • the controller 10 includes: a step-down unit 109, a data transmission main control unit 1010, a first switch tube 105, a second switch tube 106, a third switch tube 101, the fourth switching tube 102, the fifth switching tube 103, the sixth switching tube 104, the first resistor 107 and the second resistor 108, the input end of the step-down unit 109 is connected to the power supply end, the step-down unit 109 The output end is connected to the data sending main control unit 1010,
  • the output terminals of the data sending main control unit 1010 are respectively connected to the control terminal of the first switch tube 105 and the control terminal of the second switch tube 106, and the first terminal of the first switch tube 105 passes through the first resistor 107 is connected to the power supply end, the second end of the first switch tube 105 is connected to the signal ground, the first end of the second switch tube 106 is connected to the power supply end through the second resistor 108, and the second The second end of the switch tube 106 is connected to the signal ground,
  • the control terminal of the third switch tube 101 and the control terminal of the fourth switch tube 102 are both connected to the first end of the first switch tube 105, and the first end of the third switch tube 101 is connected to the power supply terminal,
  • the second end of the third switch tube 101 is connected to the first end of the fourth switch tube 102 and serves as the first data output port VA of the controller, and the second end of the fourth switch tube 102 is connected to the signal ground ,
  • the control terminal of the fifth switch tube 103 and the control terminal of the sixth switch tube 104 are both connected to the first end of the second switch tube 106, and the first end of the fifth switch tube 103 is connected to the power supply terminal,
  • the second end of the fifth switch tube 103 is connected to the first end of the sixth switch tube 104 and serves as the second data output port VB of the controller, and the second end of the sixth switch tube 104 is connected to the signal ground .
  • the data sending main control unit 1010 includes a single-chip microcomputer.
  • the first switch tube 105, the second switch tube 106, the fourth switch tube 102 and the sixth switch tube 104 all include N-type MOS tubes, and the third switch tube 101 and the fifth switch tube 103 include P-type MOS tube.
  • the controller 10 provides power and sends data to the LED light string 20 through the VA and VB ports.
  • the schematic diagram of the controller 10 is shown in FIG. Tubes 102, 104, 105 and 106, resistors 107 and 108.
  • the step-down unit 109 can process and obtain a power supply suitable for the use of the data sending main control unit.
  • the working voltage of the data sending main control unit 1010 is generally 3V to 5V, because the system uses a 24V power supply, and the step-down unit is required to generate a low voltage of 5V.
  • the power supply is used by the data sending main control unit 1010 .
  • the data used to control the LED light string 20 is sent through the data sending main control unit 1010, and the data for controlling the LED light string 20 is stored here. output.
  • the data of the data transmission main control unit 1010 is output in the form of signals a and b, and the signals a and b are always inverted. flat.
  • the data sending main control unit 1010 can be a data processing module with a single-chip microcomputer as the core, or can be designed in other forms, as long as it can send signals a and b according to the above requirements.
  • a and b are signals with low voltage and low driving force, which cannot be used directly. It is necessary to amplify the signals a and b into VA and VB for use.
  • the signal a is connected to the gate of NMOS transistor 105
  • the drain of NMOS transistor 105 is connected to the gate of PMOS transistor 101 and the gate of NMOS transistor 102, and is also connected to one end of resistor 107, resistor 107 The other end is connected to the system power supply.
  • the source terminal of the PMOS transistor 101 is connected to the system power supply
  • the drain terminal is connected to the drain terminal of the NMOS transistor 102 and serves as the output terminal VA of the controller
  • the source terminal of the NMOS transistor 102 is connected to the system ground.
  • the output amplitude of VA obtained after amplifying signal a is the same as that of the system power supply, and the selection of PMOS transistor 101 and NMOS transistor 102 with a certain power can make VA have the required driving force, which makes VA both It can be used as a signal terminal to send data, and can also be used as a power supply terminal to supply power to LED light strings.
  • process signal b in the same way to obtain VB.
  • the waveforms of VA and VB in Figure 2 are schematic diagrams of data sent by the controller.
  • the step-down unit 109 may specifically be a circuit capable of step-down, and the specific implementation is well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated here.
  • the power conversion circuit 201 includes: a first diode 311, a second diode 312, a third diode 313, a fourth diode A pole tube 314 and a first capacitor 315, the cathode of the first diode 311 is connected to the first data receiving port VA of the LED unit, and the anode of the first diode 311 is connected to the third diode 313, the cathode of the third diode 313 is connected to the second data receiving port VB of the LED unit, the anode of the second diode 312 is connected to the first data receiving port VA of the LED unit, The cathode of the second diode 312 is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode 314, the anode of the fourth diode 314 is connected to the second data receiving port VB of the LED unit, and the first capacitor One end of 315 is connected to the cathode of the second diode 312,
  • the input terminals of the power conversion circuit 201 are VA and VB, and the output terminals vdd and vss are respectively used as power and ground to supply power to other circuits in the LED unit.
  • the diode in the power conversion circuit can also be replaced by the equivalent structure of the MOS tube. The diode is used here to express its working principle more intuitively.
  • the biggest feature of this circuit structure is that the one with the higher voltage can be selected from VA and VB as the driving terminal of the internal power supply vdd, and the corresponding one with the lower voltage can be selected from VA and VB as the driving terminal of the internal ground vss. According to the previous description, it can be seen that VB and VA are in opposite phases.
  • VB When sending data, when VA is at a low level of 0V, VB is at a high level. At this time, the fourth diode 314 is in a conductive state, and VB The diode 314 ensures the power supply capability of the internal power supply vdd, and the corresponding first diode 311 is also in a conduction state, and VA ensures the power supply capability of the internal ground vss through the first diode 311 . When VA returns to a high level, VB changes back to a low level.
  • Vdd and vss in FIG. 2 are schematic diagrams of vdd and vss output by the power conversion circuit. It can be seen that the power vdd and vss output by the power conversion circuit 201 are not affected by the state reversal of its input terminals VA and VB, and can provide continuous and stable working power for other circuits in the LED unit.
  • the input end of the detection circuit 321 is connected to the first data receiving port VA of the LED unit, and the data output end of the edge detection circuit 321 is respectively connected to the oscillator 322, the counter 323 and the shift register 324, and the counter 323 is connected to the shift register 324.
  • the oscillator 322 is connected, the comparator 324 is connected to the counter 323 , and the shift register 325 is connected to the comparator 324 .
  • the data decoding circuit 202 includes: an edge detection circuit 331, an oscillator 332, a counter 333, a comparator 334, a shift register 335 and a reference bit Processing circuit 336, the input end of the edge detection circuit 331 is connected to the first data receiving port VA of the LED unit, and the data output end of the edge detection circuit 331 is respectively connected to the oscillator 332, the counter 333, the reference bit processing circuit 336 and shift register 335, the timer 333 is connected to the oscillator 332, the comparator 334 is connected to the counter 333 and the reference bit processing circuit 336 respectively, the shift register 335 is connected to the The comparator 334 is connected.
  • FIG. 9 As a specific working principle diagram of the edge detection circuit 321 and the edge detection circuit 331 , it is shown in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 10 As a specific working principle diagram of the reference bit processing circuit 336, it is shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the display control circuit includes: a reset code detection circuit 341, a display data register 342, and a switch control circuit 343.
  • the data input end of the reset code detection circuit 341 is connected to the second LED unit.
  • a data receiving port VA, the display data register 342 is connected to the reset code detection circuit 341 , and the switch control circuit 343 is connected to the display data register 342 .
  • FIG. 12 it is a schematic diagram of its working principle.
  • FIG. 13 it is a schematic diagram of its working principle.
  • FIG. 14 it is a schematic diagram of its working principle.
  • VA as the data transmission line, define a bit of data starting from the falling edge of VA, return to high level after a certain period of low level and keep it for a certain period of time, and determine the data 1 and 0 by the length of low level time. For example, it can be defined that a bit of data with a low level time length of 2us is 0, and a bit of data with a low level time length of 4us is 1. Data bits need to be sent continuously, and VA remains high after all data bits are sent. Define the VA high level duration to exceed a certain length as the reset code, for example, define the VA high level to last for 100us as the reset code, and the reset code makes the received data take effect.
  • the VA transmit data waveform is shown in Figure 15.
  • VA can be kept at a high level. When VA continues to be high for more than 100us, a reset code is generated and the received data takes effect.
  • the work of decoding data from VA is completed by the data decoding circuit.
  • the data decoding circuit is shown in Figure 7, including edge detection circuit, oscillator, counter, comparator and shift register.
  • the so-called data decoding is the process of obtaining the required data from the VA and storing it for backup according to the definition of the data protocol. According to the definition of the data protocol, it can be determined whether the data bit is 1 or 0 by judging the length of the VA low level time. And store each determined data into the shift register to complete the data decoding task.
  • the data decoding circuit in the present invention is only one solution, not the only solution.
  • the edge detection circuit detects the changes of the VA signal in real time, and generates pulse signals SF and SR respectively on the falling edge and rising edge of VA for standby, and its timing waveform is shown in Figure 16;
  • SF triggers the oscillator 322 to work and output Precise clock signal CK, CK cycle design is 150ns.
  • the counter 323 starts counting from 0 with the signal CK as the clock under the action of SF, and the result DQ is output to the positive input terminal of the digital comparator 324 .
  • the negative input terminal of comparator 324 is connected with data DK, and the value of DK is directly designed as 20.
  • SR is responsible for storing the result DY of the comparator into the shift register 325 as data. From the above description, it can be known that when the low level length of one bit of data exceeds 3us, it is judged as 1, and if it is less than 3us, it is judged as 0, and it is stored in the shift register at the rising edge of VA.
  • the controller will send 24-bit data, divided into 3 groups, each group of 8-bit data is used to control one LED light.
  • the shift register is designed to be 24 bits, and the 24-bit data will be stored in it in turn during the decoding process. When the 24-bit data is sent, VA remains high until new data is sent next time.
  • the above is a data protocol for sending data at a fixed rate and the corresponding decoding process. It is also possible to define a data protocol with adaptive data transmission rate, and the corresponding data decoding circuit only needs to be slightly modified on the basis of the above decoding circuit.
  • the control scheme for rate adaptive transmission is introduced below.
  • the rate adaptive data protocol is basically the same as the fixed rate data protocol, except that a reference bit Mbit is sent before sending data, and then all data are sent in turn.
  • a schematic diagram of a rate-adaptive data transmission protocol waveform is shown in FIG. 17 .
  • the so-called rate self-adaptation means that the length of the data bit does not need to be fixed, and only needs to be proportional to the reference bit Mbit.
  • the low-level length of data 0 2*T
  • the low-level length of data 1 as 4*T
  • the low-level length of the reference bit Mbit as 3K*T.
  • T is a unit of time length and K is an integer.
  • the controller only needs to send reference bits and data bits according to the above proportional relationship according to actual needs, and does not require a fixed length of data bits. Adopting this scheme greatly improves the adaptability and flexibility of use of this type of product.
  • the data decoding circuit is shown in FIG. 8 , including an edge detection circuit 331 , an oscillator 332 , a counter 333 , a comparator 334 , a shift register 335 and a reference bit processing circuit 336 .
  • the decoding process of a frame of data is as follows: First, the reference bit processing circuit calculates the low-level length of the reference bit with the cooperation of the edge detection circuit and the oscillator. After the rising edge of the reference bit, divide this value by K to obtain the result DK as Comparator Negative Input Data.
  • each bit of data is decoded, specifically, the low-level length of each bit of data is calculated and locked as DQ on its rising edge, and the length value DQ is connected to the positive input terminal of the comparator.
  • the result DY of the comparator is the value of the current bit of data obtained by decoding, which is stored in the shift register in turn at the rising edge of each bit of data, and is completed by the SR signal.
  • the data decoding circuit After the data decoding circuit decodes the data from the VA, the data will be provided to the display control circuit for use. The following describes the working process of the display control circuit.
  • the display control circuit is responsible for obtaining data from the decoding circuit and controlling the switch status of the 3 LED lights through this data.
  • the display control circuit includes a reset code detection circuit 341 , a display data register 342 and a switch control 343 .
  • a reset code detection circuit detects that VA continues to be high for more than 100us
  • a reset signal FR is generated, and FR loads the data DN[23:0] in the data decoding circuit into the display data register.
  • the switch control circuit generates a switch control signal of the LED according to the display data.
  • the drive circuit is responsible for the opening and closing of the LED light and the specific current when it is turned on.
  • the schematic circuit diagram of the driving control circuit 207 is shown in FIG. 18 , and its specific working process is well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated here.
  • the present invention realizes the purpose of two-line controlled LED unit, and its control method is simple and reliable, and the requirements for the corresponding decoding circuit of the controller and LED unit are greatly reduced.

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Abstract

一种LED控制系统，包括：控制器（10）和与控制器（10）电连接的LED灯串（20）；控制器（10）包括第一数据输出端口（VA）和第二数据输出端口（VB），用于通过第一数据输出端口（VA）发出第一数据信号，通过第二数据输出端口（VB）发出第二数据信号，且第一数据信号和第二数据信号互为反相位；LED灯串（20）能够通过数据接收端口接收第一数据信号和第二数据信号，且能够根据第一数据信号和第二数据信号实现LED灯的显示控制，以及能够将第一数据信号和第二数据信号进行电源转换实现LED灯的供电。LED控制系统实现方式简单，且成本低，可靠性高。

Description

一种LED控制系统 技术领域
本发明涉及LED控制技术领域，尤其涉及一种LED控制系统。
背景技术
目前LED已被广泛应用于家具装饰、节日场景美化、圣诞灯等很多领域。为使LED表现出各种亮化效果，需要LED驱动电路控制或者调节其输出灰度，同时需要一台控制器按照要求发送控制数据。一般需要四根电线将控制器和LED单元连接起来，也有使用三根电线的情况。不管是四线系统或者三线系统，都有专门的数据线用于控制器向LED单元发送数据，随着该领域成本要求和适应一些特殊应用场合的需求，例如串联使用等，已有采用两根线的应用方案，这种方案其数据解码也比较困难，需要准确从电源线上分离出有效数据。这些都使得该类产品设计复杂，成本高，可靠性低。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种LED控制系统，解决相关技术中存在的LED控制系统结构复杂成本高的问题。
作为本发明的一个方面，提供一种LED控制系统，其中，包括：
控制器和与所述控制器电连接的LED灯串；
所述控制器包括第一数据输出端口和第二数据输出端口，用于通过所述第一数据输出端口发出第一数据信号，通过所述第二数据输出端口发出第二数据信号，且所述第一数据信号和所述第二数据信号互为反相位；
所述LED灯串能够通过数据接收端口接收所述第一数据信号和第二数据信号，且能够根据所述第一数据信号和第二数据信号实现LED灯的显示控制，以及能够将所述第一数据信号和第二数据信号进行电源转换实现LED灯的供电。
进一步地，所述LED灯串包括：N个串联的LED单元，每个LED单元均包括第一数据接收端口和第二数据接收端口，第一个LED单元的第一数据接收端口用于接收所述第一数据信号，第N个LED单元的第二数据接收端口用于接收所述第二数据信号，第一个LED单元的第二数据接收端口与第N个LED单元的第一数据接收端口之间依次串联连接，N为大于或等于1的自然数。
进一步地，每个所述LED单元均包括：电源转换电路、数据解码电路、显示控制电路、驱动控制电路和LED灯，所述电源转换电路的两个输入端分别作为所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口和第二数据接收端口，所述电源转换电路的输出端分别连接至所述数据解码电路的供电端和显示控制电路的供电端，所述数据解码电路的数据输入端连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口，所述数据解码电路的数据输出端连接所述显示控制电路的数据输入端，所述显示控制电路的数据输出端连接所述驱动控制电路的数据输入端，所述驱动控制电路还分别连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口和第二数据接收端口，所述驱动控制电路的数据输出端连接LED灯的阴极，所述LED灯的阳极连接LED单元的 第一数据接收端口；
所述电源转换电路能够将所述第一数据信号和第二数据信号转换成供电电源；
所述数据解码电路能够对所述第一数据信号进行解码得到显示控制数据；
所述显示控制电路用于根据所述显示控制数据生成驱动控制数据；
所述驱动控制电路用于根据所述驱动控制数据生成驱动信号，以使得所述LED根据所述驱动信号进行显示。
进一步地，所述电源转换电路包括：第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管、第四二极管和第一电容，所述第一二极管的阴极连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口，所述第一二极管的阳极连接所述第三二极管的阳极，所述第三二极管的阴极连接所述LED单元的第二数据接收端口，所述第二二极管的阳极连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口，所述第二二极管的阴极连接所述第四二极管的阴极，所述第四二极管的阳极连接所述LED单元的第二数据接收端口，所述第一电容的一端连接所述第二二极管的阴极，所述第一电容的另一端连接所述第一二极管的阳极，所述第一电容的一端为所述电源转换电路的正极电源端，所述第一电容的另一端为所述电源转换电路的负极接地端。
进一步地，所述数据解码电路包括：边沿检测电路、振荡器、计数器、比较器和移位寄存器，所述边沿检测电路的输入端连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口，所述边沿检测电路的数据输出端分别连接所述振荡器、计数器和移位寄存器，所述计数器与所述振荡器连接，所述比较器与所述计数器连接，所述移位寄存器与所述比较器连接。
进一步地，所述数据解码电路包括：边沿检测电路、振荡器、计数器、比较器、移位寄存器和参考位处理电路，所述边沿检测电路的输入端连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口，所述边沿检测电路的数据输出端分别连接所述振荡器、计数器、参考位处理电路和移位寄存器，所述计时器与所述振荡器连接，所述比较器分别与所述计数器和所述参考位处理电路连接，所述移位寄存器与所述比较器连接。
进一步地，所述显示控制电路包括：复位码检测电路、显示数据寄存器和开关控制电路，所述复位码检测电路的数据输入端连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口，所述显示数据寄存器与所述复位码检测电路连接，所述开关控制电路与所述显示数据寄存器连接。
进一步地，所述控制器包括：降压单元、数据发送主控单元、第一开关管、第二开关管、第三开关管、第四开关管、第五开关管、第六开关管、第一电阻和第二电阻，所述降压单元的输入端连接电源端，所述降压单元的输出端连接数据发送主控单元，
所述数据发送主控单元的输出端分别连接所述第一开关管的控制端和第二开关管的控制端，所述第一开关管的第一端通过所述第一电阻连接所述电源端，所述第一开关管的第二端连接信号地，所述第二开关管的第一端通过所述第二电阻连接所述电源端，所述第二开关管的第二端连接信号地，
所述第三开关管的控制端和所述第四开关管的控制端均连接所述第一开关管的第一端，所述第三开关管的第一端连接电源端，所述第三开关管的第二端和第四开关管的第一端连接且作为所述控制器的第一数据输出端口，所述第四开关管的第二端连接信号地，
所述第五开关管的控制端和所述第六开关管的控制端均连接所述第二开关管的第一端，所述第五开关管的第一端连接电源端，所述第五开关管的第二端和第六开关管的第一端连接且作为所述控制器的第二数据输出端口，所述第六开关管的第二端连接信号地。
进一步地，所述数据发送主控单元包括单片机。
进一步地，所述第一开关管、第二开关管、第四开关管和第六开关管均包括N型MOS管，所述第三开关管和第五开关管均包括P型MOS管。
本发明提供的LED控制系统，由控制器及LED灯串组成，控制器能够按照普通数字信号方式发送数据，而LED灯串能够按照数字信号方式接收数据，无论是控制器发送数据还是LED灯串接收数据都无需进行数据分类等操作，该LED控制系统的实现方式简单，且成本低，可靠性高。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限制。
图1为本发明提供的LED控制系统的结构框图。
图2为本发明提供的数据发送波形及LED单元内部电源波形示意图。
图3为本发明提供的LED单元的电路结构框图。
图4为本发明提供的控制器的具体实施电路原理图。
图5为本发明提供的电源转换电路的电路原理图。
图6为本发明提供的数据传输协议的波形示意图。
图7为本发明提供的数据解码电路的一种具体实施方式电路结构示意图。
图8为本发明提供的数据解码电路的另一种具体实施方式电路结构示意图。
图9为本发明提供的边沿检测电路的电路原理图。
图10为本发明提供的参考位处理电路的电路原理图。
图11为本发明提供的显示控制电路的电路原理图。
图12为本发明提供的复位码检测电路的电路原理图。
图13为本发明提供的显示数据寄存器的电路原理图。
图14为本发明提供的开关控制电路的电路原理图。
图15为本发明提供的VA发送数据波形示意图。
图16为本发明提供的解码过程中的时序波形示意图。
图17为本发明提供的速率自适应数据传输协议波形示意图。
图18为本发明提供的驱动控制电路的电路原理图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本发明的实施例。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包括，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
在本实施例中提供了一种LED控制系统，图1是根据本发明实施例提供的LED控制系统的结构框图，如图1所示，包括：
控制器10和与所述控制器10电连接的LED灯串20；
所述控制器10包括第一数据输出端口VA和第二数据输出端口VB，用于通过所述第一数据输出端口VA发出第一数据信号，通过所述第二数据输出端口VB发出第二数据信号，且所述第一数据信号和所述第二数据信号互为反相位；
所述LED灯串20能够通过数据接收端口接收所述第一数据信号和第二数据信号，且能够根据所述第一数据信号和第二数据信号实现LED灯的显示控制，以及能够将所述第一数据信号和第二数据信号进行电源转换实现LED灯的供电。
本发明提供的LED控制系统，由控制器及LED灯串组成，控制器能够按照普通数字信号方式发送数据，而LED灯串能够按照数字信号方式接收数据，无论是控制器发送数据还是LED灯串接收数据都无需进行数据分类等操作，该LED控制系统的实现方式简单，且成本低，可靠性高。
具体地，所述LED灯串20包括：N个串联的LED单元，每个LED单元均包括第一数据接收端口和第二数据接收端口，第一个LED单元的第一数据接收端口用于接收所述第一数据信号，第N个LED单元的第二数据接收端口用于接收所述第二数据信号，第一个LED单元的第二数据接收端口与第N个LED单元的第一数据接收端口之间依次串联连接，N为大于或等于1的自然数。
需要说明的是，LED灯串由多个LED单元串联构成，要尽量保证LED单元工作的总电流持续稳定，且所有被串联的LED单元的电流/电压特性曲线尽量一致。
在本发明实施例中，所述控制器10与LED灯串20通过两根电线VA和VB连接，控制器20通过VA和VB向LED灯串20发送数据和提供电源。LED灯串20由1个或多个LED单元串联构成。LED单元有两个引出端VA和VB。VA和VB是LED单元的电源输入端口，VA同时也是数据输入端口，LED单元通过VA接收从控制器发来的数据并用于控制LED灯的亮灭以及输出电流大小等。 LED灯串20可以是一个LED单元，也可以是由多个LED单元串联组成，如图1示，多个LED单元串联，其连接方式是第一个LED单元的VA端与控制器VA端连接，其VB端与第二个LED单元的VA端连接，第二个LED单元的VB端与第三个LED单元的VA端连接，依次类推，最后一个LED单元的VB端与控制器的VB端连接。使用时，控制器10输出端VA和VB要能提供足够的电压以使每个LED单元上有4V～5V电压降。
需要说明的是，在本发明实施例中，所述LED控制系统中的LED灯串具体可以为5个LED单元串联，每个LED单元有两个数据端口VA和VB，LED单元如图3示。5个LED单元串联方式是，第一LED单元的VA端与控制器VA端连接，VB端与第二LED单元的VA连接，第二LED单元的VB与第三LED单元的VA连接，如此将5个LED单元串联起来，第五LED单元的VB端与控制器的VB端连接。系统使用24V电源，控制器输出端口VA和VB的输出电压也随之是24V，降落在每个LED单元上的平均电压差是4.8V。
控制器10通过VA和VB端给LED灯串20提供电源和发送数据。如图2示，图中VA和VB的波形就是发送数据时的示意图，在发送数据时，VA输出只有两种状态，即高电平或低电平，此即所谓的数字信号方式发送，当数据发送结束后，VA保持高电平。VB输出只需实时和VA反相即可。
在本发明实施例中，只需定义一种具体数据传输协议，控制器10发出数据和LED单元接收数据均按照此数据协议设计，简化了控制器和LED单元电路的实现。
本发明实施例所采用的数据协议如图6所示，由控制器10驱动的VA和VB可以完成向LED单元发送数据和供电任务。其最大优点是在发送数据时，对VA和VB没有特别要求，如图6所示，VA只需在高电平VH和低电平0V之间切换即可完成数据发送任务，和普通的数字信号传输完全一样，而VB也是如此，只需VB和VA反相位即可。数据发送结束后，VA保持高电平VH，VB保持低电平0V即进入供电状态为LED单元供电。这样的数据协议对控制器10几乎没有要求，很容易完成且可靠性极高。
对应的LED单元，其解码电路对输入的VA数据信号按照数字信号处理即可完成解码任务，极其简单可靠。相对于现有的类似方案，本发明采用的数据协议中，发送数据和为LED单元供电两种情况下，控制器都只需发送高电平VH或者低电平0V，没有中间电平的发送要求，这样的输出信号对控制器而言是很容易做到且可以保证其可靠性的，即便是在多个LED单元被同一控制器驱动的情况下，而对应的LED单元解码也变得非常简单。
因此，本发明提供的LED控制系统，控制器按照如图6所示的波形发送数据和为LED单元供电简单易行，相应的LED单元从VA上解码数据也很容易完成。
在实际应用中，制定好数据传输协议，控制器按照数据协议要求发送数据。LED单元采用上述供电模块及数据解码电路，可以实现两线LED灯控制系统稳定可靠工作。
具体地，每个所述LED单元均包括：电源转换电路201、数据解码电路202、显示控制电路203、驱动控制电路207和LED灯，所述电源转换电路201的两个输入端分别作为所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口VA和第二数据接收端口VB，所述电源转换电路201的输出端分别连接至所述数据解码电路202的供电端和显示控制电路203的供电端，所述数据解码电路202的数据输入端连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口VA，所述数据解码电路202的数据输出端连接所述显示控制电路203的数据输入端，所述显示控制电路203的数据输出端连接所述驱动控制电路207的数据输入端，所述驱动控制电路207还分别连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口VA和第二数据接收端口VB，所述驱动控制电路207的数据输出端连接LED灯的阴极，所述LED灯的阳极连接LED单元的第一数据接收端口；
所述电源转换电路201能够将所述第一数据信号和第二数据信号转换成供电电源；
所述数据解码电路202能够对所述第一数据信号进行解码得到显示控制数据；
所述显示控制电路203用于根据所述显示控制数据生成驱动控制数据；
所述驱动控制电路207用于根据所述驱动控制数据生成驱动信号，以使得所述LED根据所述驱动信号进行显示。
需要说明的是，LED单元有两个端口VA和VB，VA和VB既是电源输入端，也是数据输入端，以其中一个(例如VA)作为数据端口即可。从上面的描述可知，在传输数据时，来自控制器10的VA和VB端不能持续而稳定的提供电源给LED单元，所以，LED单元需设置电源转换电路201，在数据传输阶段，VA会在高电平VH和低电平0V之间切换，而VA和VB同时也是LED单元的电源提供端，为了在VA变为0V时，LED单元能够正常工作并顺利解码，需要对LED单元中的LED驱动电路的供电系统做特别处理，这部分工作由电源转换电路201实现。此电源转换电路201用于从VA和VB端得到稳定的内部电源以供其他电路稳定工作，经电源转换电路处理而得到的稳定电源如图2中vdd和vss波形所示，vdd是电源，vss是地。LED单元还应包含数据解码电路202，用于从VA端获得控制数据，因为VA对于解码电路来说是一个普通的数字信号，所以只需按照约定数据协议解码即可。LED单元还应有显示控制电路203，此电路的作用是通过上述数据解码电路获得的数据控制LED灯的亮灭或者电流大小等。根据实际需要，LED单元还可以包括更多其他功能，此处不做限定。
还需要说明的是，在本发明实施例中，如图3所示，所述LED灯可以包括LED灯204、LED灯205和LED灯206，具体还可以包括其他数量的LED灯，此处仅做示例，不做限定。
作为控制器10的具体实施方式，如图4所示，所述控制器10包括：降压单元109、数据发送主控单元1010、第一开关管105、第二开关管106、第三开关管101、第四开关管102、第五开关管103、第六开关管104、第一电阻107和第二电阻108，所述降压单元109的输入端连接电源端，所述降压单元109的 输出端连接数据发送主控单元1010，
所述数据发送主控单元1010的输出端分别连接所述第一开关管105的控制端和第二开关管106的控制端，所述第一开关管105的第一端通过所述第一电阻107连接所述电源端，所述第一开关管105的第二端连接信号地，所述第二开关管106的第一端通过所述第二电阻108连接所述电源端，所述第二开关管106的第二端连接信号地，
所述第三开关管101的控制端和所述第四开关管102的控制端均连接所述第一开关管105的第一端，所述第三开关管101的第一端连接电源端，所述第三开关管101的第二端和第四开关管102的第一端连接且作为所述控制器的第一数据输出端口VA，所述第四开关管102的第二端连接信号地，
所述第五开关管103的控制端和所述第六开关管104的控制端均连接所述第二开关管106的第一端，所述第五开关管103的第一端连接电源端，所述第五开关管103的第二端和第六开关管104的第一端连接且作为所述控制器的第二数据输出端口VB，所述第六开关管104的第二端连接信号地。
优选地，所述数据发送主控单元1010包括单片机。
优选地，所述第一开关管105、第二开关管106、第四开关管102和第六开关管104均包括N型MOS管，所述第三开关管101和第五开关管103均包括P型MOS管。
控制器10通过VA和VB端口给LED灯串20提供电源和发送数据，控制器10原理示意图如图4所示，包括降压单元109，数据发送主控单元1010，PMOS管101和103，NMOS管102、104、105和106，电阻107和108。降压单元109能够处理并得到适合数据发送主控单元使用要求的电源，数据发送主控单元1010工作电压一般是3V～5V，因为系统使用的是24V电源，这里需要降压单元产生5V的低压电源供数据发送主控单元1010使用。用于控制LED灯串20的数据通过数据发送主控单元1010来发送，所述控制LED灯串20的数据被存储于此，系统上电并正常工作时，这些数据会按照设计好的流程要求输出。
本发明实施例中，数据发送主控单元1010的数据以信号a和b形式输出，信号a和b始终反相，发送数据时，以信号a作为数据进行发送，发送结束后信号a保持高电平。数据发送主控单元1010可以是以单片机为核心的数据处理模块，也可以是其他形式设计，只要能按上述要求发出信号a和b即可。a和b是低压且驱动力很小的信号，无法直接使用，需要将信号a和b进行放大处理变成VA和VB来使用。下面以a为例进行说明，信号a连接NMOS管105的栅极，NMOS管105的漏极和PMOS管101的栅极以及NMOS管102的栅极连接，同时还与电阻107一端连接，电阻107的另一端接系统电源。PMOS管101的源端接系统电源，漏端与NMOS管102的漏端相连并作为控制器的输出端VA，NMOS管102的源端接系统地。可以看出，通过信号a进行放大处理后得到的VA，其输出幅度与系统电源相同，再配合选用一定功率的PMOS管101和NMOS管102可以使得VA具有所需的驱动力，这使得VA既能作为信号端发送数据，也能作为电源端为LED灯串供电。参考图4，同样的方式处理信号b得到VB。 图2中VA和VB的波形是控制器发送数据示意图。
在本发明实施例中，所述降压单元109具体可以为能够实现降压的电路即可，具体实施为本领域技术人员所熟知，此处不再赘述。
作为所述电源转换电路201的具体实施方式，如图5所示，所述电源转换电路201包括：第一二极管311、第二二极管312、第三二极管313、第四二极管314和第一电容315，所述第一二极管311的阴极连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口VA，所述第一二极管311的阳极连接所述第三二极管313的阳极，所述第三二极管313的阴极连接所述LED单元的第二数据接收端口VB，所述第二二极管312的阳极连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口VA，所述第二二极管312的阴极连接所述第四二极管314的阴极，所述第四二极管314的阳极连接所述LED单元的第二数据接收端口VB，所述第一电容315的一端连接所述第二二极管312的阴极，所述第一电容315的另一端连接所述第一二极管311的阳极，所述第一电容315的一端为所述电源转换电路的正极电源端vdd，所述第一电容315的另一端为所述电源转换电路的负极接地端vss。
应当理解的是，电源转换电路201的输入端是VA和VB，输出vdd和vss分别作为电源和地为LED单元中其他电路供电。电源转换电路中的二极管也可用MOS管等效结构替代，这里用二极管是为了更直观的表现其工作原理。此电路结构的最大特点就是可以从VA和VB中选取电压高者作为内部电源vdd的驱动端，相应的从VA和VB中选择电压低者作为内部地vss的驱动端。根据前文描述可知，VB和VA是反相位的，在发送数据时，VA处于低电平0V时，VB是高电平，此时第四二极管314是导通状态，VB经过第四二极管314来确保内部电源vdd的供电能力，相应的第一二极管311也是导通状态，VA通过第一二极管311来确保内部地vss的供电能力。当VA回到高电平时，VB随着变回低电平，这时，二极管314和311处于关断状态，而二极管312和313处于导通状态，VA通过第二二极管312为内部电源vdd供电，VB通过第三二极管313为内部地vss供电。图2中vdd和vss是所述电源转换电路输出的vdd和vss示意图。可以看出，电源转换电路201输出的电源vdd和vss是不受其输入端VA和VB状态翻转影响的，可以为LED单元中其他电路提供持续而稳定的工作电源。
作为数据解码电路202的一种具体实施方式，如图7所示，所述数据解码电路202包括：边沿检测电路321、振荡器322、计数器323、比较器324和移位寄存器325，所述边沿检测电路321的输入端连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口VA，所述边沿检测电路321的数据输出端分别连接所述振荡器322、计数器323和移位寄存器324，所述计数器323与所述振荡器322连接，所述比较器324与所述计数器323连接，所述移位寄存器325与所述比较器324连接。
作为数据解码电路202的另一种具体实施方式，如图8所示，所述数据解码电路202包括：边沿检测电路331、振荡器332、计数器333、比较器334、移位寄存器335和参考位处理电路336，所述边沿检测电路331的输入端连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口VA，所述边沿检测电路331的数据输出端分 别连接所述振荡器332、计数器333、参考位处理电路336和移位寄存器335，所述计时器333与所述振荡器332连接，所述比较器334分别与所述计数器333和所述参考位处理电路336连接，所述移位寄存器335与所述比较器334连接。
作为所述边沿检测电路321以及边沿检测电路331的具体工作原理图，如图9所示。
作为参考位处理电路336的具体工作原理图，如图10所示。
具体地，如图11所示，所述显示控制电路包括：复位码检测电路341、显示数据寄存器342和开关控制电路343，所述复位码检测电路341的数据输入端连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口VA，所述显示数据寄存器342与所述复位码检测电路341，所述开关控制电路343与所述显示数据寄存器342连接。
在本发明实施例中，作为复位码检测电路341的具体实施方式，如图12所示，为其工作原理示意图。
作为显示数据寄存器342的具体实施方式，如图13所示，为其工作原理示意图。
作为开关控制电路343的具体实施方式，如图14所示，为其工作原理示意图。
下面结合图15至图18对本发明实施例提供的数据解码电路、显示控制电路以及驱动控制电路的具体工作过程进行详细描述。
以VA作为数据传输线，定义一位数据从VA下降沿开始，在低电平持续一定时长后回到高电平并保持一定时间结束，通过低电平时间长短来确定数据1和0。例如，可定义低电平时间长度是2us的一位数据是0，低电平时间长度为4us的一位数据是1。数据位需连续发送，全部数据位发送结束后VA保持高电平。定义VA高电平持续时间超过一定长为复位码，例如，定义VA高电平持续100us为复位码，复位码使收到的数据生效。VA发送数据波形如图15所示。
根据产品实际功能需要确定总共需要发送多少位数据，例如，本实施例因需要控制3路LED输出，每路LED需要8位数据控制其输出灰度，故总共需要24位数据。全部数据发送结束后，VA保持高电平即可。VA持续高电平超过100us时产生复位码并使收到的数据生效。
由数据解码电路完成从VA上解码数据工作，数据解码电路如图7所示，包括边沿检测电路、振荡器、计数器、比较器和移位寄存器。所谓数据解码，就是按照数据协议定义，从VA上获得所需数据并存储备用的过程。根据数据协议的定义，可通过判断VA低电平时间长度来确定数据位是1还是0。并将确定的每一位数据存入移位寄存器以完成数据解码任务。有多种方法可以实现，本发明所述数据解码电路只是其中一种方案，不是唯一方案。
具体解码过程如下：边沿检测电路实时检测VA信号变化情况，并且在VA的下降沿和上升沿分别产生脉冲信号SF和SR备用，其时序波形如图16所示；SF触发振荡器322工作并输出精准时钟信号CK，CK周期设计为150ns。同时计数器323在SF作用下从0开始以信号CK为时钟进行计数，其结果DQ输出给数字比较器324的正输入端。比较器324的负输入端接数据DK，DK的值直 接设计为20。SR负责将比较器的结果DY作为数据存入移位寄存器325。从上面的描述可知，当一位数据的低电平长度超过3us被判定为1，小于3us被判定为0，并在VA上升沿时将其存入移位寄存器。控制器会发送24位数据，分为3组，每一组8位数据，用于控制一路LED灯。这里移位寄存器设计为24位，解码过程中24位数据将依次被存入其中。当24位数据发送结束后，VA保持高电平，直到下一次发送新的数据。
以上是以固定速率发送数据的数据协议及相应的解码过程。还可以定义一种数据发送速率自适应的数据协议，相应的数据解码电路只需在上述解码电路基础上稍加修改即可，下面介绍速率可自适应传输的控制方案。
速率自适应数据协议与固定速率数据协议基本相同，只是在发送数据之前先发一个参考位Mbit，然后依次发送所有数据。速率自适应数据传输协议波形示意图如图17所示。所谓速率自适应，是指数据位的长度不需固定，只需和参考位Mbit成一定比例关系即可。例如，定义数据0的低电平长度为2*T，数据1的低电平长度为4*T，参考位Mbit的低电平长度为3K*T。这里T是一个时间长度单位，K是整数。应用时，控制器根据实际需求按照上述比例关系发送参考位和数据位即可，不要求固定数据位的长度，采用这种方案大幅提高了该类产品的适应性和使用灵活度。
针对上述速率自适应数据传输协议，数据解码电路如图8所示，包括边沿检测电路331、振荡器332、计数器333、比较器334、移位寄存器335和参考位处理电路336。一帧数据的解码过程如下：首先是参考位处理电路在边沿检测电路和振荡器配合下，计算参考位低电平长度，在参考位上升沿后，将此值除以K得到的结果DK作为比较器的负输入端数据。之后解码每一位数据，具体是，计算每一位数据低电平长度并在其上升沿锁定为DQ，将此长度值DQ接入到比较器的正输入端。比较器的结果DY就是解码得到的当前一位数据的值，在每一位数据的上升沿时将其依次存入移位寄存器，由SR信号完成。以上就是速率自适应数据传输协议的解码过程。
数据解码电路从VA上解码得到数据后，这些数据将提供给显示控制电路使用。下面介绍一下显示控制电路的工作过程。
显示控制电路负责从解码电路获取数据并通过此数据控制3路LED灯的开关状态。显示控制电路如图11所示，包括复位码检测电路341、显示数据寄存器342和开关控制343。复位码检测电路检测到VA持续高电平时间超过100us时产生复位信号FR，FR将数据解码电路中的数据DN[23:0]加载到显示数据寄存器中。开关控制电路根据显示数据产生LED的开关控制信号。驱动电路负责LED灯的打开和关闭及打开时具体电流大小。
关于驱动控制电路207的电路原理图如图18所示，其具体工作过程为本领域技术人员所熟知，此处不再赘述。
以上是本发明所述实施例的具体工作过程。可以看出，本发明实现了LED单元的两线受控目的，且其控制方式简单可靠，对控制器和LED单元相应解码电路的要求大大降低。
可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种LED控制系统，其特征在于，包括：
    控制器和与所述控制器电连接的LED灯串；
    所述控制器包括第一数据输出端口和第二数据输出端口，用于通过所述第一数据输出端口发出第一数据信号，通过所述第二数据输出端口发出第二数据信号，且所述第一数据信号和所述第二数据信号互为反相位；
    所述LED灯串能够通过数据接收端口接收所述第一数据信号和第二数据信号，且能够根据所述第一数据信号和第二数据信号实现LED灯的显示控制，以及能够将所述第一数据信号和第二数据信号进行电源转换实现LED灯的供电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的LED控制系统，其特征在于，所述LED灯串包括：N个串联的LED单元，每个LED单元均包括第一数据接收端口和第二数据接收端口，第一个LED单元的第一数据接收端口用于接收所述第一数据信号，第N个LED单元的第二数据接收端口用于接收所述第二数据信号，第一个LED单元的第二数据接收端口与第N个LED单元的第一数据接收端口之间依次串联连接，N为大于或等于1的自然数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的LED控制系统，其特征在于，每个所述LED单元均包括：电源转换电路、数据解码电路、显示控制电路、驱动控制电路和LED灯，所述电源转换电路的两个输入端分别作为所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口和第二数据接收端口，所述电源转换电路的输出端分别连接至所述数据解码电路的供电端和显示控制电路的供电端，所述数据解码电路的数据输入端连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口，所述数据解码电路的数据输出端连接所述显示控制电路的数据输入端，所述显示控制电路的数据输出端连接所述驱动控制电路的数据输入端，所述驱动控制电路还分别连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口和第二数据接收端口，所述驱动控制电路的数据输出端连接LED灯的阴极，所述LED灯的阳极连接LED单元的第一数据接收端口；
    所述电源转换电路能够将所述第一数据信号和第二数据信号转换成供电电源；
    所述数据解码电路能够对所述第一数据信号进行解码得到显示控制数据；
    所述显示控制电路用于根据所述显示控制数据生成驱动控制数据；
    所述驱动控制电路用于根据所述驱动控制数据生成驱动信号，以使得所述LED根据所述驱动信号进行显示。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的LED控制系统，其特征在于，所述电源转换电路包括：第一二极管、第二二极管、第三二极管、第四二极管和第一电容，所述第一二极管的阴极连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口，所述第一二极管的阳极连接所述第三二极管的阳极，所述第三二极管的阴极连接所述LED单元的第二数据接收端口，所述第二二极管的阳极连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口，所述第二二极管的阴极连接所述第四二极管的阴极，所述第四二极管的阳极连接所述LED单元的第二数据接收端口，所述第一电容的一端连接所述 第二二极管的阴极，所述第一电容的另一端连接所述第一二极管的阳极，所述第一电容的一端为所述电源转换电路的正极电源端，所述第一电容的另一端为所述电源转换电路的负极接地端。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的LED控制系统，其特征在于，所述数据解码电路包括：边沿检测电路、振荡器、计数器、比较器和移位寄存器，所述边沿检测电路的输入端连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口，所述边沿检测电路的数据输出端分别连接所述振荡器、计数器和移位寄存器，所述计数器与所述振荡器连接，所述比较器与所述计数器连接，所述移位寄存器与所述比较器连接。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的LED控制系统，其特征在于，所述数据解码电路包括：边沿检测电路、振荡器、计数器、比较器、移位寄存器和参考位处理电路，所述边沿检测电路的输入端连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口，所述边沿检测电路的数据输出端分别连接所述振荡器、计数器、参考位处理电路和移位寄存器，所述计时器与所述振荡器连接，所述比较器分别与所述计数器和所述参考位处理电路连接，所述移位寄存器与所述比较器连接。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的LED控制系统，其特征在于，所述显示控制电路包括：复位码检测电路、显示数据寄存器和开关控制电路，所述复位码检测电路的数据输入端连接所述LED单元的第一数据接收端口，所述显示数据寄存器与所述复位码检测电路连接，所述开关控制电路与所述显示数据寄存器连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的LED控制系统，其特征在于，所述控制器包括：降压单元、数据发送主控单元、第一开关管、第二开关管、第三开关管、第四开关管、第五开关管、第六开关管、第一电阻和第二电阻，所述降压单元的输入端连接电源端，所述降压单元的输出端连接数据发送主控单元，
    所述数据发送主控单元的输出端分别连接所述第一开关管的控制端和第二开关管的控制端，所述第一开关管的第一端通过所述第一电阻连接所述电源端，所述第一开关管的第二端连接信号地，所述第二开关管的第一端通过所述第二电阻连接所述电源端，所述第二开关管的第二端连接信号地，
    所述第三开关管的控制端和所述第四开关管的控制端均连接所述第一开关管的第一端，所述第三开关管的第一端连接电源端，所述第三开关管的第二端和第四开关管的第一端连接且作为所述控制器的第一数据输出端口，所述第四开关管的第二端连接信号地，
    所述第五开关管的控制端和所述第六开关管的控制端均连接所述第二开关管的第一端，所述第五开关管的第一端连接电源端，所述第五开关管的第二端和第六开关管的第一端连接且作为所述控制器的第二数据输出端口，所述第六开关管的第二端连接信号地。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的LED控制系统，其特征在于，所述数据发送主控单元包括单片机。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的LED控制系统，其特征在于，所述第一开关管、第二开关管、第四开关管和第六开关管均包括N型MOS管，所述第三开关管和 第五开关管均包括P型MOS管。
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