WO2022259848A1 - 高分子化バルプロ酸及びその使用 - Google Patents
高分子化バルプロ酸及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022259848A1 WO2022259848A1 PCT/JP2022/021073 JP2022021073W WO2022259848A1 WO 2022259848 A1 WO2022259848 A1 WO 2022259848A1 JP 2022021073 W JP2022021073 W JP 2022021073W WO 2022259848 A1 WO2022259848 A1 WO 2022259848A1
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- vpa
- drug
- valproic acid
- block copolymer
- alkyl
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
Definitions
- the present invention relates to polymerized valproic acid and its use, and more specifically to poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(vinyl valproate) copolymer and its use in the medical field.
- VPA Sodium salt of valproic acid (or 2-propylpentanoic acid)
- HDAC histone deacetylase
- Sodium VPA is used as a first-line antiepileptic drug, but for example, it is necessary to maintain a constant blood concentration, must be remembered to take it once or several times a day, There are problems to be solved, such as the existence of side effects such as overdose for injury purposes, liver damage, and teratogenicity.
- clinically used sustained-release preparations of sodium valproate include carriers or additives commonly used in the art, such as Mg aluminometasilicate and hydroxypropyl cellulose.
- Mg stearate, ethyl cellulose, hypromellose, glycerin fatty acid ester, talc, sucrose, precipitated calcium carbonate, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, gum arabic powder, titanium oxide, etc. are provided.
- valproic acid has not been specifically described as an active substance in the past, as a substance that modifies the active substance itself, an acidic active substance having a free carboxyl group and a polymer having a tertiary amino group are combined.
- An oral dosage form has been proposed (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-511488).
- VPA chemical derivatization of VPA, and found that a polymer (sometimes abbreviated as poly-VPA) in which VPA is covalently bonded to the main chain of the polymer via an ester bond. ) and poly(ethylene glycol) (sometimes abbreviated as PEG) segments release VPA slowly in vivo in humans and other animals. It has been found that it exhibits action and effect.
- poly-VPA polymer in which VPA is covalently bonded to the main chain of the polymer via an ester bond.
- PEG poly(ethylene glycol)
- Aspect 2 The block copolymer acid of Aspect 1, wherein L is of the formula: and --(CH 2 ) b S--, wherein each b is independently an integer of 1-5.
- L is of the formula: and --(CH 2 ) b S--, wherein each b is independently an integer of 1-5.
- the linking group L is represented by --(CH 2 ) b S--, the groups are linked along the drawing direction of Formula I. Specifically, the terminal methylene carbon atom of the group is attached to the terminal oxygen atom (O) of the PEG chain, which is the m repeating unit of formula I, and the other terminal S atom is the n repeating unit of formula I. It is attached to the ⁇ -terminal carbon atom of the VPA-containing polymer chain that is the unit.
- O terminal oxygen atom
- Aspect 3 Nanoparticles comprising the block copolymer according to aspect 1 or 2.
- HDAC histone deacetylase
- the block copolymer comprises predominantly poly VPA segments in an aqueous medium (including but not limited to, optionally buffered saline, etc.). It can exist as a nano-sized particle consisting of a core and a shell containing mainly PEG segments. Due to the presence of PEG chains that are highly mobile in aqueous media, such particles suppress adhesion or access to poly-VPA segments of, for example, in vivo proteins (including various enzymes).
- the block copolymer exhibits the action and effect of VPA itself, and may exhibit excellent action and effect as a drug different from VPA, and may modify or modify the chemical or biological properties of VPA. can be enhanced. Therefore, it can contribute to, but is not limited to, enrichment of VPA technology in the field of medicine or pharmaceuticals.
- FIG. 1 is a 1 H NMR spectrum of the target substance (PEG-b-polyVPA) obtained in Production Example 4.
- FIG. 2 is a particle size distribution diagram showing the results of dynamic scattering light measurement of nanoparticles (Nano VPA ) obtained in Production Example 5.
- FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of scoring of behavior patterns of mice by administration of a test drug in Test Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a graphical representation summarizing the influence of administration of a test drug on the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in Test Example 2.
- FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the therapeutic effect (survival rate) on C26 cancer-bearing cachexia model mice by administration of a test drug in Test Example 3.
- FIG. 10 is a graphical representation showing changes in body weight of model mice due to administration of a test drug in Test Example 4.
- FIG. 1 is a graphical representation showing the in vivo kinetics of VPA and Nano- VPA in mice in Test Example 5.
- the linking group represented by L of the block copolymer of formula I generally has up to 34, or up to 18, or up to 10 carbon atoms, and optionally oxygen and nitrogen atoms. means a group containing Specific examples thereof include those shown in the second aspect.
- C 1 -C 12 alkyl means unbranched or branched alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, including but not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl , isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, etc.
- C 1 -C 6 alkyl and C 1 -C 3 alkyl are each carbon represents alkyl having 6 or 3 atoms or less
- C 1 -C 6 alkyl in OC 1 -C 6 alkyl is the same as defined above
- C 1 -C 4 alkoxy has the same meaning as OC 1 -C 4 alkyl
- the block copolymer exists in an aqueous medium (water or, optionally, buffered saline, etc.) as nano-sized particles comprising a core comprising predominantly poly-VPA segments and predominantly PEG segments.
- nano-sized particles include, but are not limited to, a hydrodynamic average diameter of 10 nm to 500 nm, or 20 nm to 180 nm, or 40 nm to 150 nm in an aqueous solution of the particles as measured by dynamic light scattering. can be within
- Said block copolymers are conveniently prepared by optionally protecting the OH at either end of the PEG with a protecting group well known in the art and the OH at the other end by repeating alkylvinyl valproate.
- alkylvinyl valproate can be produced by carrying out a known extension (polymerization) reaction using
- Nano-sized particles from the block copolymer are dissolved in a water-miscible organic solvent capable of dissolving the copolymer, and the resulting solution is passed through a dialysis membrane, such as a dialysis membrane with a pore cut-off of 1 kDa to 50 kDa. It can be provided by dialysis against water through a dialysis membrane.
- a dialysis membrane such as a dialysis membrane with a pore cut-off of 1 kDa to 50 kDa. It can be provided by dialysis against water through a dialysis membrane.
- Nano VPA nanoparticles thus obtained (Nano VPA ) can be separated from their solutions or dispersions by, for example, freeze-drying, centrifugation, etc., and if necessary, redissolved or suspended in physiological saline, and administered orally or parenterally. It can be formulated for administration. When preparing a formulation for oral administration, if necessary, it can be provided as an oral tablet or granule using additives, diluents, etc. commonly used in the art.
- Additives or diluents for oral preparations include, but are not limited to, the aforementioned Mg aluminometasilicate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, Mg stearate, ethyl cellulose, which are used in sustained-release preparations of sodium valproate.
- Hypromellose, glycerin fatty acid ester, talc, sucrose, precipitated calcium carbonate, polyoxyethylene (105) polyoxypropylene (5) glycol, gum arabic powder, titanium oxide, etc., chlorocarmellose sodium, sodium lauryl sulfate, etc. can be mentioned.
- the nanoparticles can also be solubilized or dispersed in water, and thus can be parenterally, for example, solubilized or dispersed in physiological saline, optionally buffered.
- compositions containing such block copolymers or nanoparticles as active ingredients may vary in optimum dosage depending on the severity of the disease to be treated and the age, sex, and weight of the patient to be administered. Although it cannot be specifically specified, it is determined by a specialist based on the efficacy data obtained through small-scale clinical trials, etc., if necessary, referring to the usage, dosage, etc. of VPA sodium salt currently in clinical use. can do.
- Production Example 1 Synthesis of vinyl valproate To 25 mL of vinyl acetate (Fuji Film Wako) and 17 mL of valproic acid (Tokyo Kasei), 5.6 mg of palladium (II) acetate (Fuji Film Wako) and 17 mg of potassium hydroxide (Fuji Film Wako) were added. was added and allowed to react at room temperature for 3 days. After removing acetic acid as a by-product with an evaporator, 25 ml of vinyl acetate was added again and reacted for 3 days. After removing palladium by celite filtration, vinyl valproate (20 mL) was obtained by distillation under reduced pressure.
- the residue was dissolved in chloroform, washed with water, the chloroform layer was separated, dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, precipitated in IPA, centrifuged and dried under reduced pressure to obtain the target substance (27.4 g).
- the resulting target substance was dissolved in THF, precipitated with IPA, and dried under reduced pressure to obtain the target product (5.4 g).
- a 1 H NMR spectrum of the target product is shown in FIG. From the proton peak values shown in FIG. 1 (see data in the table below), the repeat number m of vinyl valproate is derived to be 36.0.
- Test Example 1 Antiepileptic effect using pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptic kindling model mice Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was intraperitoneally administered (30 mg/kg) (days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12). A PTZ kindling model mouse was produced. The dose was increased to 33 mg/kg (day 15) and then increased by 2% thereafter.
- PTZ pentylenetetrazole
- Valproic acid or the valproic acid particles (Nano VPA ) prepared in Production Example 5 were intraperitoneally administered (100 mg/kg (converted to the amount of VPA)) to kindling model mice, and the effects were analyzed by behavioral observation.
- VPA or Nano VPA was administered on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14 and 21.
- Scoring is based on the following scoring criteria: Score 1: immobility, exploratory behavior, grooming, score 2: nodding behavior, short myoclonus, score 3: long myoclonus, repetitive head movements, repetitive trembling, tail stiffness, score 4: clonic Sexual convulsion, forelimb rolling seizure, hindlimb abduction, persistent rearing behavior, fall, Straub's tail, kangaroo-like posture, score 5: tonic convulsion, tonic-clonic convulsion unable to maintain right posture
- Test Example 2 Quantification of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) It has been reported that BDNF is elevated in PTZ-induced epileptic kindling model mice. The hippocampi of mice derived from Test Example 1 were collected and analyzed by RT-PCR to find out how drug administration affects the expression level of BDNF. The results are shown in FIG. From this figure, it can be confirmed that the expression level of BDNF was increased by PTZ, but the expression level was decreased by administration of Nano VPA .
- BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- Test example 3 Since valproic acid has histone deacetylase inhibitory activity, it has been reported to have a therapeutic effect in C26 cancer-bearing Cachechia model mice. The effects were analyzed using cancer cachexia model mice to determine whether similar effects can be confirmed by administration of Nano VPA .
- Balb/c mice were subcutaneously transplanted with C26 cells used in a cancer cachexia model to prepare tumor-bearing mice. Tumor-bearing mice were orally or intraperitoneally administered VPA or Nano- VPA , and the post-administration survival rate was observed. The results are shown in FIG. This figure shows an improvement in the survival rate in the Nano VPA -administered group.
- Test Example 4 Evaluation of Toxicity In order to evaluate the toxicity of VPA and Nano- VPA , 500 mg/kg of VPA and Nano-VPA were intraperitoneally administered for 5 days, and changes in body weight of mice were observed. The results are shown in FIG. This figure shows that the VPA-administered group lost weight, but the Nano VPA- administered group did not lose weight.
- Test Example 5 In vivo kinetics of VPA and Nano VPA Sodium valproate (VPA) or valproic acid nanoparticles (Nano VPA ) were administered to 6-week-old ICR mice (male) at a concentration of 400 mg/kg in terms of valproic acid. It was administered intrathecally. After a predetermined period of time, the mice were dissected and the blood was collected in a heparinized tube and centrifuged to obtain plasma. Valproic acid concentration in plasma was analyzed by Nanopia TDM Valproic Acid (Sekisui Medical). The results are shown in FIG. As can be seen from the figure, the nanoparticulation of VPA enables the active ingredient valproic acid to remain in the blood for a long period of time and to maintain its effect.
- Modifications or modifications of valproic acid according to the present invention can be used in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, for example, to exert the effects of valproic acid itself without using specific combinations of various carriers or additives. Applicable.
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Abstract
Description
式中、Aは、非置換又は置換C1-C12アルキルを表し、置換されている場合の置換基は、ホルミル基又は式R1R2CH-の基を表し、ここで、R1及びR2は独立して、C1-C4アルコキシ又はR1とR2は一緒になって-OCH2CH2O-、-O(CH2)3O-若しくは-O(CH2)4O-を表し、
Lは、連結基を表し、
Xは、H若しくはC1-C6アルキル、又はH若しくはC1-C3アルキル、又はH若しくはメチルを表し、
Yは、H、SH又はS(C=S)-Ph若しくはS(C=S)-OC1-C6アルキルを表し、
mは3~100、又は5~60、又は5~40、又は8~40の整数を表し、
nは5~10000、又は10~1000、又は20~500の整数を表す。
及び-(CH2)bS-で表される基からなる群より選ばれ、各bは独立して、1~5の整数である。ここで、連結基Lが-(CH2)bS-で表される場合、当該基は式Iの記載方向に沿って連結される。具体的には、当該基の末端メチレンの炭素原子が式Iのm個の反復単位であるPEG鎖の末端酸素原子(O)に結合し、他の末端S原子が式Iのn個の反復単位であるVPA含有ポリマー鎖のα末端炭素原子に結合する。
酢酸ビニル(富士フイルム和光)25mL及びバルプロ酸(東京化成)17mLに酢酸パラジウム(II)(富士フイルム和光)5.6 mg及び水酸化カリウム(富士フイルム和光)17mgを加え3日間室温で反応させた。エバポレーターで副産物の酢酸の除去したのち、再度酢酸ビニルを25ml加え3日間反応させた。セライト濾過でパラジウムを除去したのち、減圧蒸留によりバルプロ酸ビニル(20mL)を得た。
市販のCH3O-(CH2CH2O)n-H (MW=5,000, 50g, 10mmol)にテトラヒドロフラン(THF)(100mL)及びブチルリチウム7.2mL(11.5mmol, 1.6M-hexane)を加えたのち、α,α’-ジクロロパラキシレン(17.5g, 0.1mmol)を加えて50℃、二日間反応させた。2-プロパノール(IPA)に沈殿させた後、沈殿物に対してメタノールを加えて溶解させ再びIPAに沈殿させた。この操作を3回繰り返した後、得られた淡黄色沈殿物を減圧乾燥させ、目的物質(47.2g)を得た。
製造例1で得られたCH3O-(CH2CH2O)n-CH2PhCH2Cl (T59, 30g)を150mLのメタノールに溶解させエチルキサントゲン酸カリウム(CH3CH2OC(=S)SK, 0.96g)を加え、室温で10分間反応させた。沈殿物を遠心分離により排除した後メタノールを減圧乾燥した。残渣をクロロホルムに溶解させ、水で洗浄、クロロホルム層を分別し、無水硫酸ナトリウム脱水濾過後IPAに沈殿させ、遠心分離後減圧乾燥させて目的物質(27.4g)を得た。
製造例2で合成したCH3O-(CH2CH2O)n-CH2PhCH2S(=S)OCH2CH3(T64, 5.3g)、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(57mg)、バルプロ酸ビニル(8.6g)をフラスコに加え、5分間窒素バブルした後60℃、2日反応させた。得られた目的物質をTHFに溶解させ、IPA沈殿、減圧乾燥し目的物(5.4g)を得た。目的物の1H NMRスペクトルを図1に示す。図1に示された各プロトンピーク値(下記表のデータ参照)からバルプロ酸ビニルの反復数mは36.0と導き出される。
上記で合成した共重合体(T71)を4.46g採取し、44.6mLのジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)に溶解させ透析膜(MWCO=3.5KDa)に入れて2Lの水に対して透析した。8時間ごとに6度透析水を交換した後、動的光散乱測定を行い、69nmの粒子が形成されていることを確認した。動的光散乱測定の結果を図2に示す。
ペンチレンテトラゾール(PTZ)を腹腔投与(30 mg/kg)投与し(1,3,5,8,10,12日目)PTZキンドリングモデルマウスを作製した。投与量を33 mg/kgに増やし(15日目)、その後も2%ずつ投与量を増やした。
スコア1:無動、探索行動、毛づくろい、スコア2:頷き行動、短ミオクローヌス、スコア3:長ミオクローヌス、反復性の頭部の運動、反復性の身震い行動、尾部硬直、スコア4:間代性けいれん、前肢回転発作、後肢外転、持続性立ち上がり行動、転倒、ストラウブ挙尾、カンガルー様姿勢、スコア5:強直けいれん、正向姿勢を維持できない強直間代性けいれん
BDNFはPTZ誘発てんかんキンドリングモデルマウスにおいて上昇することが報告されている。薬剤投与がBDNFの発現量にどのような影響を与えているか、試験例1に由来するマウスの海馬を回収しRT-PCR法により解析した。結果を図4に示す。この図より、PTZによりBDNFの発現量が上昇したが、前記発現量はNanoVPA投与により低下していることが確認できる。
バルプロ酸はヒストン脱アセチル化酵素阻害活性を有することから、C26担がんカヘキアモデルマウスにおいて治療効果を有することが報告されている。NanoVPA投与により同様の効果が確認できるかについて、がんカヘキシアモデルマウスを用いてその効果を解析した。Balb/cマウスにがんカヘキシアモデルで使用されているC26細胞を皮下移植し、担癌マウスを作成した。担癌マウスにVPAまたはNanoVPAを経口または腹腔投与を行い、投与後の生存率を観察した。結果を図5に示す。この図より、NanoVPA投与群において生存率の改善が見られる。
VPA及びNanoVPAの毒性を評価するため5日間にわたりVPA及びNanoVPAを500 mg/kg腹腔投与しマウスの体重変化を観察した。結果を図6に示す。この図より、VPA投与群は体重が減少しているがNanoVPA投与群は体重減少が見られなかった。
6週齢のICRマウス(オス)にバルプロ酸ナトリウム(VPA)またはバルプロ酸ナノ粒子(NanoVPA)をバルプロ酸濃度で400 mg/kgの濃度でマウスにふく腔内投与した。所定の経過時間後マウスを解剖し血液をヘパリン処理を施したチューブに回収し、遠心後血漿を得た。血漿中のバルプロ酸濃度をナノピアTDM バルプロ酸(積水メディカル)により解析した。結果を図7に示す。図より、VPAのナノ粒子化は、有効成分であるバルプロ酸を血中に長時間滞留し、効果を持続することを可能にする。
Claims (5)
- 請求項1に記載のブロック共重合体を含むナノ粒子。
- 有効成分としての請求項1に記載のブロック共重合体と生理食塩水又は当該技術分野で常用されている添加剤若しくは希釈剤を含む、製薬学的製剤。
- 抗てんかん薬、双極性障害の躁状態に対する治療薬、片頭痛発作の発症抑制薬、ヒストン脱アセチル化酵素(HDAC)の異常な活性に起因する疾患の抑制薬、及び抗腫瘍剤から選ばれる薬剤として使用するための、請求項4に記載の製薬学的製剤。
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WO2015168614A2 (en) * | 2014-05-01 | 2015-11-05 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Nebraska | Polymer compositions of histone deacetylase inhibitors and methods of use thereof |
JP2021020876A (ja) * | 2019-07-29 | 2021-02-18 | 国立大学法人 筑波大学 | がん療法用のt−PA含有ポリマー組成物 |
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CA3222580A1 (en) | 2022-12-15 |
JPWO2022259848A1 (ja) | 2022-12-15 |
CN117440977A (zh) | 2024-01-23 |
KR20240016997A (ko) | 2024-02-06 |
WO2022259848A8 (ja) | 2023-11-30 |
EP4353762A1 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
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