WO2022257445A1 - 一种轨道车辆车顶结构 - Google Patents

一种轨道车辆车顶结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022257445A1
WO2022257445A1 PCT/CN2022/070261 CN2022070261W WO2022257445A1 WO 2022257445 A1 WO2022257445 A1 WO 2022257445A1 CN 2022070261 W CN2022070261 W CN 2022070261W WO 2022257445 A1 WO2022257445 A1 WO 2022257445A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
roof
return
conditioning unit
air supply
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PCT/CN2022/070261
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王虎高
柳晓峰
杨晓东
唐立国
吕晓俊
李立恒
陈小伟
孙闯
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中车株洲电力机车有限公司
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Publication of WO2022257445A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022257445A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/009—Means for ventilating only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
    • B61D17/12—Roofs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rail vehicle roof structure, which belongs to the field of rail vehicles.
  • the air supply and return methods of the air conditioning system of urban rail transit vehicles mainly include the air supply and return air at the bottom of the air conditioning unit, the air supply at both ends of the air conditioning unit and the return air at the bottom of the air conditioning unit, and the end air supply and return air at the end of the air conditioning unit.
  • the three types of air sending and returning air units basically correspond to two types of car body top structures. The other is that the top of the vehicle adopts a "high and low roof" structure.
  • Tonglong roof structure the roof part of the car body adopts a contoured arc roof, and this roof structure is only suitable for air-conditioning units that use bottom feeding and bottom returning.
  • the specific structure is shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the roof has the advantages of simple structure 1, simple welding and processing technology of the car body, small workload and light weight.
  • this structure has limitations in the adaptability of the air-conditioning unit to the air supply and return mode, and cannot satisfy the air-conditioning unit's end-supply and end-return air supply and return air mode and the end-supply and bottom-return air supply mode.
  • High and low roof structure the roof part of the car body adopts a welded structure with a high arc roof and a low flat roof.
  • This roof structure is only suitable for the bottom air supply and bottom return air mode of the air conditioning unit, the air supply at both ends of the air conditioning unit and the air conditioning unit
  • the specific structure is shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5 as follows.
  • the top of the "high and low roof” car body can adapt to the bottom air supply and bottom return air mode of the air conditioning unit, the air supply at both ends of the air conditioning unit and the bottom return air mode of the air conditioning unit, and the end air supply and end return air mode of the air conditioning unit.
  • the method of sending and returning air but the roof of the car body has different sections between the curved surface and the plane, and the structure is complex.
  • the high top part and the low top part are connected by welding process, the welding accuracy is difficult to control, the welding is difficult, and the welding and processing workload is large. Insufficient structure weight and so on.
  • Chinese utility model patent CN202593527U discloses a sunken air conditioner installation structure for rail vehicles, which includes a base plate, partition plates respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the base plate, and connecting beams respectively arranged on the left and right sides; the left and right ends of the base plate are respectively connected to the corresponding The connecting beams are connected by connecting plates.
  • an air return port is opened on the bottom plate.
  • an air supply port is provided on the partition.
  • the utility model has good strength, high rigidity and good versatility, and can meet the installation of air-conditioning units of different specifications without changing the existing mature installation method of the air-conditioning unit, and realizes the modular design of the structure.
  • CN202593527U adopts a sunken air conditioner installation structure, adopts the end-to-bottom return mode, the side has a partition plate with an air supply port, and the bottom plate is provided with an air return port.
  • Chinese utility model patent CN207631254U discloses an air-conditioning system for ultra-quiet rail vehicles, which includes an air-conditioning unit of air supply at both ends and return air at both ends. There are supply air inlet, supply air outlet, return air inlet, and return air outlet. Connect to the return air outlet.
  • the wind sent to the air duct in the car by the utility model is more stable and uniform, and when the air supply volume of a single air conditioner unit is as high as 6400m 3 /s, the noise in the car can be controlled within 56dB(A);
  • the air supply at both ends and the return air unit at both ends have the advantages of small air supply resistance, small wind speed in the air duct, and good uniformity adjustment.
  • Air outlets are installed at all positions in the direction, and there is no dead zone for air supply in the car.
  • What CN207631254U adopted was the air-conditioning installation structure with the soundproof box, and the air supply and return air mode at both ends of the unit was converted into the air supply and return air way under the soundproof box through the soundproof box.
  • the present invention aims to provide a rail vehicle roof structure, the roof structure can:
  • a rail vehicle roof structure which has a long roof, and its structural features are: the roof is provided with an air-conditioning unit mounting seat for fixing an air-conditioning unit, and the air-conditioning unit is connected to the vehicle's internal air duct;
  • An air conditioner installation device with an integrated cavity is installed on the roof, and the integrated cavity doubles as a static plenum for the air supply of the air conditioner unit, bottom air supply and bottom return air, end air supply, end return air, and end supply air. Distribution box for air return at the bottom of the wind;
  • the car body top cover of the roof is provided with a plurality of roof return air interface devices, and the roof return air interface devices communicate with the air conditioning unit;
  • the integrated cavity reserves corresponding air supply outlets and air return outlets, and the installation interfaces of the air conditioning units are all distributed on the same car body section and profile;
  • roof structure of the rail vehicle is suitable for any of the following situations:
  • the air supply outlet and the air return outlet of the air conditioning unit are set on the top of the car body to realize the air supply from the air conditioning unit to the air duct of the passenger compartment and the return air of the unit;
  • an air supply port is provided on the top of the car body at the end of the air conditioning unit, and a return air port is reserved on the top of the car body at the lower part of the air conditioning unit, and the air conditioning unit sends the air through the air supply port on the roof It enters the air duct at the lower part of the roof, transports it to the interior of the vehicle through the air duct, and draws the air in the passenger compartment out of the vehicle through the air return port.
  • the same car body section and profile in the present invention means that the car body section with the air-conditioning unit is consistent with the section without the air-conditioning unit.
  • the cross-section is variable, that is, the car body section of the air-conditioning unit is inconsistent with the section without the air-conditioning unit.
  • the same vehicle can only adopt one air supply and return mode, and different vehicles can adopt different modes of supply and return air through the present invention, but can adopt exactly the same section and profile.
  • the roof structure of the present invention can be adapted to the air supply and return air at the bottom of the air conditioner unit, the air supply at both ends of the air conditioner unit and the return air at the bottom of the air conditioner unit, and the air supply at the end and return air at the end of the air conditioner unit.
  • These three air supply and return methods can simplify the top structure of the car body, reduce the difficulty of welding and the welding workload of the vehicle top structure, which will also become the development direction of the vehicle top structure in the future.
  • the integrated cavity of the present invention provides a space for the air supply and return air at the end, and the air supply and return air function can be integrated in this space.
  • the present invention solves the difficult problem that the rail vehicle adopts the same car body section and profile to be suitable for the interface of air-conditioning units with different air supply and return modes (if necessary, different air supply outlets and air outlets can be reserved on the same roof, Different reserved openings are used when leaving the factory) to realize the uniform section of the car body, improve the versatility of the car body profiles, reduce the difficulty and workload of the car body process, and provide for the interconnection of rail transit vehicles and the individual needs of different users on different lines It provides a good solution, reduces vehicle manufacturing costs, improves product quality, improves passenger comfort, and provides more optional solutions.
  • the present invention creatively adjusts the functions of the air-supply plenum box and the distribution box of the air-conditioning unit from the interior of the vehicle to the roof outside the vehicle, which is beneficial to reduce the air-supply noise in the passenger compartment.
  • the wind resistance of the vehicle is negligible, and if it exceeds 80km/h, the impact is about 3%-5%.
  • the present invention can also be further optimized, and the following is the technical scheme formed after optimization:
  • the air conditioning unit installation seats are located on the left and right sides of the roof, and the roof air supply port and the roof return air outlet are located between the air conditioning unit installation seats on the left and right sides. Between them, the roof air supply outlets are located on the left and right sides, and the roof air return outlets are located on the front and rear sides.
  • the left and right roof air supply outlets and the front and rear roof return air outlets form a square structure as a whole.
  • the mounting seats of the air conditioning unit are located on the left and right sides of the roof, and the air supply port and the return air port on the roof are located on the mounting seats of the air conditioning unit on the left and right sides.
  • the two sets of roof air return vents arranged front and rear are located between the roof air supply vents arranged on the front and rear sides.
  • the mounting seats of the air-conditioning unit are located on the left and right sides of the roof, and the air-conditioning units installed on the left and right sides of the roof are located at the air-supply port and the return air port on the roof.
  • the roof air supply outlet and the roof return air outlet are divided into two groups, front and rear, and are located at the same horizontal position.
  • the roof air supply outlet is located on the roof. between return air vents.
  • a deflector is provided in the air return interface device on the roof, and the deflector is used to adjust the temperature of the passenger compartment. Air delivery volume of the duct.
  • the roof structure of the present invention can be adapted to different air-conditioning system air supply modes, and only needs to fine-tune the air supply outlet and air outlet, thereby realizing different user requirements and improving the uniformity of the air-conditioning air supply in the passenger room and reducing the return air noise of the air-conditioning system.
  • Improve the comfort of the passenger compartment and at the same time ensure the effective use of the existing platform for the car body and other related components, simplify the process flow, reduce the welding workload of the car body roof, and reduce the vehicle design and manufacturing costs.
  • three kinds of air supply outlets and air outlets can be reserved, and different air supply outlets and air outlets can be enabled for models with different air supply modes, so as to ensure mass production and reduce costs.
  • the premise of the present invention is that the car bodies of all items are unified into a kind of car body section.
  • the unified model in the case of realizing the modular design of the car body, three air-conditioning forms can be realized with one car body through the present invention.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention can realize the installation of air-conditioning units with different air supply and return modes and meet the requirements of different air supply and return air under the condition of using the same car body section and profile.
  • the air supply and return air function requirements of the air conditioning unit of the mode are:
  • the present invention is different in the air supply and return mode and the layout of the air supply port and the air outlet installation interface.
  • the present invention adopts an air conditioner installation structure with an integrated cavity, and adopts the same car body section and The profile is suitable for the interface of air conditioning units with different air supply and return modes.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an existing "long roof" at the top of a car body
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an existing "high and low roof" at the top of a car body
  • Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are cross-sectional views of different positions in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the top opening structure of the vehicle with bottom air supply and bottom return air of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a top view of Figure 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the roof structure of the vehicle for end air supply according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the top opening structure of the vehicle with end air supply and bottom air return according to the present invention (overlooking);
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram (overlooking) of the roof opening structure of the vehicle with end air supply and end return air of the present invention
  • Fig. 11 is a structural layout diagram of the vehicle roof adapting to different air-conditioning unit air supply and return modes according to the present invention
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 13 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the roof sending and returning air interface device 13 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the roof sending and returning air interface device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a front view of FIG. 14 .
  • a rail vehicle roof structure the main body adopts a long roof structure
  • the air-conditioning unit is fixed on the top of the vehicle through the mounting seat on the long roof structure 1, and the positions corresponding to the ends of the two sides of the air-conditioning unit are welded.
  • the roof structure of the car realizes the connection between the air conditioning unit and the air duct in the car.
  • the roof structure of this embodiment has an air conditioner installation device with an integrated cavity.
  • the cavity structure realizes the air supply static plenum of the air conditioning unit and the bottom air supply bottom return air, the end air supply end return air, and the end air supply bottom.
  • the function of the return air distribution box, the cavity structure is welded to the corresponding positions on both sides of the air conditioning unit, and the corresponding air supply and return air outlets are reserved.
  • the installation interfaces of the air conditioning units with different air supply and return modes are distributed in the The same car body section and profiles realize the connection between the air conditioning unit and the vehicle's internal air duct.
  • the static pressure box and the distribution box of this embodiment both adopt the structure of the prior art, and the static pressure box and the distribution box are separately arranged in the vehicle body.
  • the difference of this embodiment is only that the functions of the static pressure box and the distribution box of the air conditioning unit are integrated. Get up and adjust the roof from the inside of the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle.
  • this embodiment carries out an innovative design based on the long-roof structure 1. Under the condition that the vehicle body section and profiles are consistent with those of the bottom air supply and bottom return air-conditioning units, Realizing the long roof structure 1 can adapt to the application of end air supply and end return air and end air supply and bottom return air conditioning unit.
  • the air supply and return air outlets of the air conditioning units are directly processed on the top of the car body to realize the functions of the air conditioning units supplying air to the air duct of the passenger compartment and returning air to the unit.
  • the air-conditioning unit mounting base 13 is located on the left and right sides of the roof, and the roof air supply port 14 and the vehicle roof return air outlet 15 are located between the air-conditioning unit mounting bases 15 on the left and right sides.
  • the roof air supply outlets 14 are located on the left and right sides, and the roof air return outlets 15 are located on the front and rear sides.
  • the two sets of roof air supply outlets 14 arranged on the left and right and the two sets of roof return air outlets 15 arranged on the front and back form a square structure as a whole.
  • the air supply port is reserved on the top of the car body at the end of the air-conditioning unit
  • the return air port is reserved on the top of the car body at the lower part of the air-conditioning unit.
  • the air outlet sends the cold air into the air duct at the lower part of the roof, and transports it to every corner of the vehicle through the air duct, and the air in the passenger compartment is drawn out of the vehicle through the air return port, and the air flow and cooling in the passenger compartment are realized through the air exchange in the vehicle.
  • the air conditioning unit mounting base 13 is located on the left and right sides of the roof
  • the roof air supply port 14 and the vehicle roof return air outlet 15 are located between the air conditioning unit mounting bases 15 on the left and right sides
  • the roof air return port 15 is located between the roof air supply ports 14 arranged on the front and rear sides.
  • the air-conditioning unit When using the air-conditioning unit with air supply at the end and return air at the end, the air-conditioning unit sends the cold air into The air duct at the lower part of the roof is transported to every corner of the vehicle through the air duct, and the air in the passenger compartment is drawn out of the vehicle through the air return port, and the air flow and cooling in the passenger compartment are realized through the air exchange in the vehicle.
  • the air-conditioning unit mounts 13 are located on the left and right sides of the roof, and the roof air supply port 14 and the roof return air outlet 15 are located between the air-conditioning unit mounts 15 on the left and right sides.
  • the roof air supply port 14 and the roof air return port 15 are divided into two groups, front and rear, and are located at the same horizontal position, wherein among the roof air supply port 14 and the vehicle roof return air port 15 of the same group, the car roof air supply port 14 is located between the vehicle roof return air port 15 .
  • Corresponding air supply outlets and return air outlets are reserved on the crimping surfaces of the roof structure and the air conditioner unit in this embodiment to realize the communication between the air conditioner unit and the vehicle interior air duct.
  • the air supply port and the air return port are determined according to the air conditioner form in the design stage, so that different reserved ports are used in the design stage according to the air return air supply mode of the air conditioner unit.
  • the functions of the air-conditioning unit air supply static plenum box and the distribution box are integrated to form an integrated cavity, which is adjusted from the interior of the vehicle to the roof outside the vehicle, which is beneficial to reducing the air supply noise of the passenger compartment.
  • the position of the roof structure of this embodiment on the roof of the car body can be flexibly adjusted.
  • the roof return air interface device 16 is welded at an appropriate position on the roof of the car body, thereby realizing air conditioning.
  • the crimping surface of the unit and the air supply and return interface device on the roof is crimped to ensure the smooth air supply and return air of the air conditioner unit, as shown in Figures 14 and 15, thereby realizing that the same car body section and profile are suitable for air conditioners with different air supply and return methods Unit installation and supply and return air crimping.
  • the angle of the deflector 18 set inside the roof structure is adjusted.
  • the total air volume sent by the unit can be flexibly distributed according to the needs, so as to achieve the uniformity of air supply in different positions of the passenger room.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种轨道车辆车顶结构，车顶结构具有车顶通长顶结构（1），车顶通长顶结构（1）上设有固定空调机组的空调机组安装座（13），该空调机组与车辆内部风道相连通；车顶通长顶结构（1）上装有具有集成式腔体的空调安装装置，集成式腔体作为空调机组送风的静压箱和底部送风底部回风、端部送风端部回风、端部送风底部回风的分配箱；车顶通长顶结构（1）的车体顶盖上设有多个车顶送回风接口装置（16），该车顶送回风接口装置（16）与空调机组连通；集成式腔体预留相应的送风口和回风口，空调机组的安装接口均分布在同一车体断面和型材上。

Description

一种轨道车辆车顶结构 技术领域
本发明涉及一种轨道车辆车顶结构，属于轨道车辆领域。
背景技术
当今人们对轨道车辆的客室空调制冷性能和气流组织、温度均匀性的要求以及客室噪声性能的要求越来越高，而轨道车辆运行在隧道、地面或者高架线路上，车辆尺寸和车载设备安装收到线路车辆限界约束，运行环境十分复杂等原因，使轨道车辆在乘车舒适性，降低车内噪声等方面的改进十分困难。
目前城市轨道交通车辆空调系统的送回风方式主要有空调机组底部送风和底部回风方式、空调机组两端送风和空调机组底部回风方式以及空调机组端部送风和端部回风方式这三种送回风方式。结合不同的空调机组送回风方式，目前市场上的车体顶盖相应的采用不同的方案，三种送回风机组基本对应两种车体顶部结构，一种是采用车辆顶部采用“通长顶”结构，另一种是车辆顶部采用“高低顶”结构。
“通长顶”结构：车体顶盖部分采用等高圆弧顶，该车顶结构仅适用于采用底送底回空调机组。具体结构如图1和2所示。车顶通长顶结构1简单，车体焊接和加工工艺简单，工作量小，重量轻等优点。但是该结构对空调机组的送回风方式的适应性存在局限性，无法满足空调机组采用端部送风端部回风的送回风方式和端送底回的送风方式。
“高低顶”结构：车体顶盖部分采用高圆弧顶与低平顶焊接结构，该车 顶结构仅适用于空调机组底部送风和底部回风方式、空调机组两端送风和空调机组底部回风方式以及空调机组端部送风和端部回风方式这三种送回风方式。具体结构如下如图3和4，5所示.
“高低顶”车体顶部虽然能够适应空调机组底部送风和底部回风方式、空调机组两端送风和空调机组底部回风方式以及空调机组端部送风和端部回风方式这三种送回风方式，但是车体顶盖存在曲面与平面不同断面，结构复杂，高顶部分与低顶部分采用焊接工艺连接，焊接精度难以控制，焊接难度大，焊接和加工工作量大，顶盖结构重量重等不足。
中国实用新型专利CN202593527U公开了一种轨道车辆下沉式空调安装结构，其包括底板，分别设置在底板前后两端的隔板，分别设置在左右侧的连接梁；所述底板左右两端分别与相应的连接梁之间通过连接板相连。为了方便回风，所述底板上开有回风口。为了便于送风，所述隔板上设有送风口。本实用新型强度较好，刚度大，通用性好，不需改变空调机组现有成熟的安装方式便能满足不同规格空调机组的安装，实现结构的模块化设计。CN202593527U采用的是下沉式空调安装结构，采用端送底回方式，侧面具有隔板设有送风口，底板设有回风口。
中国实用新型专利CN207631254U公开了一种超静音轨道车辆用空调系统，其包括两端送风两端回风型的空调机组，其特征在于：空调机组两端各设有消音箱，消音箱上设有送风进风口、送风出风口、回风进风口、回风出风口，送风进风口、送风出风口、回风进风口、回风出风口分别通过连接风道与空调机组送风口和回风口连接。通过本实用新型送入到车内风道的风更平稳、更均匀，在单台空调机组送风量高达6400m 3/s的情况下，车内噪声可 控制在56dB(A)之内；具备两端送风两端回风机组送风阻力小、风道内风速小及均匀性好调节等优点，同时也具备下送风下回风机组可不设专用空调机组平台、易于排水；可以在车长方向所有位置设置送风口，车内送风无死区。CN207631254U采用的是具有消音箱的空调安装结构，通过消音箱将机组两端送风两端回风方式转化为消音箱下送风下回风方式。
发明内容
为解决轨道车辆满足不同用户要求，适应不同空调机组送回风方式，提升轨道车辆性能，改善轨道车辆乘车环境，同时为优化车辆设计、制造结构，降低车辆制造工艺复杂程度，减少车体焊接工作量，降低车辆制造成本，本发明旨在提供一种轨道车辆车顶结构，该车顶结构可以：
1)解决采用同一车体断面和型材适用于不同送回风方式的空调机组安装和送回风问题；
2)解决车辆车体顶盖复杂结构的问题；
3)解决车顶结构采用通长顶结构的车体型材通用性。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种轨道车辆车顶结构，其具有通长的车顶，其结构特点是：所述车顶上设有固定空调机组的空调机组安装座，该空调机组与车辆内部风道相连通；
所述车顶上装有具有集成式腔体的空调安装装置，集成式腔体兼做空调机组送风的静压箱和底部送风底部回风、端部送风端部回风、端部送风底部回风的分配箱；
所述车顶的车体顶盖上设有多个车顶送回风接口装置，该车顶送回风接口装置与空调机组连通；
所述集成式腔体预留相应的送风口和回风口，所述空调机组的安装接口均分布在同一车体断面和型材上；
在同一个车顶上预留不同的送风口和出风口，设计时启用不同的预留口；所述轨道车辆车顶结构适应如下任意情况之一：
i.当底部送风底部回风时，在车体顶部设置空调机组的送风口和回风口，实现空调机组向客室风道送风和机组回风；
ii.当端部送风端部回风时，在空调机组两端的车体顶部设有送风口和回风口，空调机组通过位于机组端部的车顶送风口将风送入车顶下部的风道，通过风道输送到车辆内部，通过回风口将客室内的空气抽出车外；
iii.当端部送风底部回风时，在空调机组端部的车体顶部设有送风口，在空调机组下部的车体顶部加工预留回风口，空调机组通过车顶送风口将风送入车顶下部的风道，通过风道输送到车辆内部，通过回风口将客室内的空气抽出车外。
本发明所述同一车体断面和型材是指有空调机组的车体断面和没有空调机组的断面保持一致，目前是变截面的，即空调机组的车体断面和没有空调机组的断面不一致。
对于本领域而言，同一车辆只能采用一种送风和回风方式，通过本发明可以实现不同的车辆，采用不同送回风方式，但可以采用完全相同的断面和型材。
由此，本发明的车顶结构既能够适应空调机组底部送风和底部回风方式、空调机组两端送风和空调机组底部回风方式、以及空调机组端部送风和端部回风方式这三种送回风方式，又能够简化车体顶部结构，降低焊接难度和焊 接工作量的车辆顶部结构，这也将成为未来车辆顶部结构发展的方向。
本发明的集成式腔体就是给端部送风回风提供一个空间，在这个空间里可以集成送风回风功能。
本发明解决了轨道车辆采用同一车体断面和型材适用于不同送风、回风方式的空调机组的接口的难题(必要时可以在同一个车顶上预留不同的送风口和出风口，在出厂时启用不同的预留口)，实现车体断面统一，提高了车体型材的通用性，降低了车体工艺难度和工作量，为轨道交通车辆的互联互通及不同线路不同用户个性化需求提供了很好地解决方案，同时降低了车辆制造成本，提高了产品质量、提升乘客舒适度，提供了更多可选择方案。
此外，本发明创造性地将空调机组的送风静压箱和分配箱的功能由车辆内部调整到车辆外部的车顶，有利于降低客室送风噪声。一般而言，在中低速(80km/h)运行条件下，整车的风阻可以忽略不计，超过80km/h，影响大概是3％‐5％。
根据本发明的实施例，还可以对本发明作进一步的优化，以下为优化后形成的技术方案：
在其中一个优选的实施例中，当底部送风底部回风时，所述空调机组安装座位于车顶左右两侧，车顶送风口和车顶回风口位于左右两侧的空调机组安装座之间，所述车顶送风口位于左右两侧，车顶回风口位于前后两侧，左右布置的车顶送风口和前后布置的车顶回风口整体形成口字型结构。
在其中一个优选的实施例中，当端部送风底部回风时，所述空调机组安装座位于车顶左右两侧，车顶送风口和车顶回风口位于左右两侧的空调机组安装座之间，且前后布置的两组车顶回风口位于前后两侧布置的车顶送风口 之间。
在其中一个优选的实施例中，当端部送风端部回风时，所述空调机组安装座位于车顶左右两侧，车顶送风口和车顶回风口位于左右两侧的空调机组安装座之间，所述车顶送风口和车顶回风口均分为前后两组，且位于同一横向位置，其中同一组的车顶送风口和车顶回风口中，车顶送风口位于车顶回风口之间。
为了改善车辆客室空调送风的均匀性和提升乘车舒适性，在其中一个优选的实施例中，所述车顶送回风接口装置内设有导流板，该导流板用于调节客室风道的送风量。
由此，本发明的车顶结构能适应于不同空调系统送风方式，只需要微调送风口和出风口，从而实现不同用户要求和提升客室空调送风均匀性和降低空调系统送回风噪声，提升客室舒适度，同时又可以确保对车体等相关部件既有平台有效利用，简化工艺流程，减少车体顶盖焊接工作量，降低车辆设计、制造成本。
一般而言，可以将三种送风口和出风口进行预留，针对不同送风模式的车型，可以启用不同的送风口和出风口，从而保证批量化生产，降低成本。
本发明的前提是将所有项目的车体统型成一种车体断面。在统型的基础上，实现车体模块化设计的情况下，通过本发明用一种车体可以实现三种空调形式。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明可以实现采用同一车体断面和型材的情况下，实现不同送风、回风方式的空调机组的安装和满足不同送风、回风方式的空调机组的送风、回风功能需求。
与CN202593527U和CN207631254U相比，本发明与其在送风回风方式不同以及送风口、出风口安装接口的布局不同，本发明采用的是具有集成式型腔的空调安装结构，采用同一车体断面和型材适用于不同送风、回风方式的空调机组的接口。
附图说明
图1是现有一种车体顶部“通长顶”示意图；
图2是图1的横剖视图；
图3是现有一种车体顶部“高低顶”示意图；
图4和图5是图3不同位置的横剖视图；
图6是本发明底部送风和底部回风的车辆顶部开孔结构示意图；
图7是是图6的俯视图；
图8是本发明用于端部送风的车辆顶部结构示意图；
图9是本发明端部送风和底部回风的车辆顶部开孔结构示意图(俯视)；
图10是本发明端部送风和端部回风的车辆顶部开孔结构示意图(俯视)；
图11是本发明适应不同空调机组送风回风方式的车辆顶部结构布局图；
图12是图11的横截面示意图；
图13是本发明车顶送回风接口装置13的局部放大剖视图；
图14是本发明车顶送回风接口装置示意图；
图15是图14的前视图。
在图中
1‐车顶顶盖通长顶；11‐车顶顶盖高顶；12‐车顶顶盖低顶；13‐空调机组安装座；14‐车顶送风口；15‐车顶回风口；16‐车顶送回风接口装置；17‐第一 客室风道；18‐导流板；19‐第二客室风道；161‐车顶送回风接口装置送风口；162‐车顶送回风接口装置回风口；163‐车顶送回风接口装置与空调机组压接面；164‐车顶送回风接口装置与车体焊接装置。
具体实施方式
以下将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。为叙述方便，下文中如出现“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”字样，仅表示与附图本身的上、下、左、右方向一致，并不对结构起限定作用。
一种轨道车辆车顶结构，主体采用通长顶结构，空调机组通过车顶通长顶结构1上的安装座固定在车辆顶部，在空调机组两侧端部相对应的位置通过焊接本实施例的车顶结构，实现空调机组与车内的风道相连接。
本实施例的车顶结构具有集成式腔体的空调安装装置，腔体结构实现空调机组送风静压箱和底部送风底部回风、端部送风端部回风、端部送风底部回风分配箱的作用，腔体结构通过焊接在空调机组两侧端部相对应的位置，预留相应的送风口和回风口，不同送风和回风方式的空调机组的安装接口均分布在同一车体断面和型材，实现空调机组与车辆内部风道相连通。通过在本实施例的车顶结构内部设置导流板18，实现客室风道送风量分配调节。
本实施例的静压箱和分配箱均采用现有技术的结构，静压箱和分配箱分开设置在车体内，本实施例的区别仅仅是将空调机组的静压箱和分配箱的功能集成起来，并从车辆内部调整到车辆外部的车顶。
如图8所示，本实施例基于车顶通长顶结构1进行创新设计，在保证车体断面与型材与底部送风、底部回风空调机组的车体断面和型材保持一致的情况 下，实现车顶通长顶结构1能够适应端部送风端部回风及端部送风底部回风空调机组的应用。
当采用底部送风、底部回风空调机组时，通过在车体顶部直接加工出空调机组的送风口和回风口，实现空调机组向客室风道送风和机组回风功能。如图6和图7所示，所述空调机组安装座13位于车顶左右两侧，车顶送风口14和车顶回风口15位于左右两侧的空调机组安装座15之间，所述车顶送风口14位于左右两侧，车顶回风口15位于前后两侧，左右布置的两组车顶送风口14和前后布置的两组车顶回风口15整体形成口字型结构。
当采用端部送风、底部回风的空调机组时，通过在空调机组端部的车体顶部加工预留送风口，空调机组下部的车体顶部加工预留回风口，空调机组通过车顶送风口将冷风送入车顶下部的风道，通过风道输送到车辆内部各个角落，通过回风口将客室内的空气抽出车外，通过车内空气交换实现客室空气流动和制冷。如图9所示，所述空调机组安装座13位于车顶左右两侧，车顶送风口14和车顶回风口15位于左右两侧的空调机组安装座15之间，且前后布置的两组车顶回风口15位于前后两侧布置的车顶送风口14之间。
当采用端部送风、端部回风的空调机组时，通过在空调机组两端的车体顶部加工预留送风口和回风口，空调机组通过位于机组端部的车顶送风口将冷风送入车顶下部的风道，通过风道输送到车辆内部各个角落，通过回风口将客室内的空气抽出车外，通过车内空气交换实现客室空气流动和制冷。如图10所示，所述空调机组安装座13位于车顶左右两侧，车顶送风口14和车顶回风口15位于左右两侧的空调机组安装座15之间，所述车顶送风口14和车顶回风口15均分为前后两组，且位于同一横向位置，其中同一组的车顶送风口14 和车顶回风口15中，车顶送风口14位于车顶回风口15之间。
在本实施例的车顶结构与空调机组压接面上加工预留相应的送风口和回风口(如有)，实现空调机组与车辆内部风道相连通。
本实施例在设计阶段根据空调形式确定送风口和回风口，这样根据空调机组送回风方式，在设计阶段就启用不同的预留口。
通过本实施例的车顶结构将空调机组送风静压箱和分配箱的功能集成在一起形成集成式腔体，由车辆内部调整到车辆外部的车顶，有利于降低客室送风噪声。
本实施例的车顶结构在车体顶盖上的位置可以灵活调整，根据空调机组尺寸和送回风口位置要求，在车体顶盖适当位置焊接车顶送回风接口装置16，从而实现空调机组与车顶送回风接口装置压接面压接，确保空调机组送风和回风畅通，如图14和15所示，进而实现同一车体断面和型材适用于不同送回风方式的空调机组安装和送回风压接。
如图13所示，根据空调机组送风量大小和回风需要，结合客室内风道尺寸和送回风均匀性要求和实际风道阻力，调节车顶结构内部设置的导流板18的角度，可以将机组送出来的总风量根据需要进行灵活分配，从而实现客室不同位置送风均匀性。
上述实施例阐明的内容应当理解为这些实施例仅用于更清楚地说明本发明，而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本实施例的各种等价形式的修改均落入本发明所附权利要求所限定的范围。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种轨道车辆车顶结构，其具有通长的车顶，其特征在于：所述车顶上设有固定空调机组的空调机组安装座，该空调机组与车辆内部风道相连通；
    所述车顶上装有具有集成式腔体的空调安装装置，集成式腔体兼做空调机组送风的静压箱和底部送风底部回风、端部送风端部回风、端部送风底部回风的分配箱；
    所述车顶的车体顶盖上设有多个车顶送回风接口装置(16)，该车顶送回风接口装置(16)与空调机组连通；
    所述集成式腔体预留相应的送风口和回风口，所述空调机组的安装接口均分布在同一车体断面和型材上；
    在同一个车顶上预留不同的送风口和出风口，设计时启用不同的预留口；
    所述轨道车辆车顶结构适应如下任意情况之一：
    i.当底部送风底部回风时，在车体顶部设置空调机组的送风口和回风口，实现空调机组向客室风道送风和机组回风；
    ii.当端部送风端部回风时，在空调机组两端的车体顶部设有送风口和回风口，空调机组通过位于机组端部的车顶送风口将风送入车顶下部的风道，通过风道输送到车辆内部，通过回风口将客室内的空气抽出车外；
    iii.当端部送风底部回风时，在空调机组端部的车体顶部设有送风口，在空调机组下部的车体顶部加工预留回风口，空调机组通过车顶送风口将风送入车顶下部的风道，通过风道输送到车辆内部，通过回风口将客室内的空气抽出车外。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道车辆车顶结构，其特征在于，当底部送风底部回风时，所述空调机组安装座(13)位于车顶左右两侧，车顶送风口(14)和车顶回风口(15)位于左右两侧的空调机组安装座(15)之间，所述车顶送风口(14)位于左右两侧，车顶回风口(15)位于前后两侧，左右布置的车顶送风口(14)和前后布置的车顶回风口(15)整体形成口字型结构。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道车辆车顶结构，其特征在于，当端部送风底部回风时，所述空调机组安装座(13)位于车顶左右两侧，车顶送风口(14)和车顶回风口(15)位于左右两侧的空调机组安装座(15)之间，且前后布置的两组车顶回风口(15)位于前后两侧布置的车顶送风口(14)之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的轨道车辆车顶结构，其特征在于，当端部送风端部回风时，所述空调机组安装座(13)位于车顶左右两侧，车顶送风口(14)和车顶回风口(15)位于左右两侧的空调机组安装座(15)之间，所述车顶送风口(14)和车顶回风口(15)均分为前后两组，且位于同一横向位置，其中同一组的车顶送风口(14)和车顶回风口(15)中，车顶送风口(14)位于车顶回风口(15)之间。
  5. 根据权利要求1‐4中任一项所述的轨道车辆车顶结构，其特征在于，所述车顶送回风接口装置(16)内设有导流板(18)，该导流板(18)用于调节客室风道的送风量。
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CN113183997B (zh) * 2021-06-09 2023-05-02 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 一种轨道车辆车顶结构
CN113753085B (zh) * 2021-09-14 2022-07-26 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 一种轨道车辆送风、回风及车顶整体结构

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