WO2022254698A1 - 試料像観察装置及び方法 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sample image observation apparatus and method, and more particularly to a sample image observation technique that realizes low-damage observation.
- a scanning electron microscope detects signal electrons generated when a focused probe electron beam irradiates and scans a sample, and the signal intensity at each irradiation position is used as the scanning signal of the irradiated electron beam.
- a two-dimensional image of the scanned area of the sample surface is obtained by synchronously displaying the images.
- Patent Document 1 discloses sparse sampling image acquisition and image restoration in SEM.
- a scanning method that randomly hops along a line is used to sample only neighboring pixels, thereby alleviating the effects of the response delay of the deflector of the primary electron beam.
- the image quality of the restored image is characterized by a large change depending on the irradiation rate for the entire field of view, which is the observation area.
- the irradiation ratio is defined as the ratio of the number of pixels irradiated with an electron beam to the number of pixels corresponding to the entire field of view when acquiring a digital image in a certain field of view. That is, in a general scanning image in the SEM, all the pixels in the image are densely irradiated with the electron beam, so an image of 100% of the irradiation area is obtained.
- the main reason for the change in the restored image quality with respect to the irradiation rate is that the average distance between each irradiation point changes depending on the irradiation rate.
- Restoration from a sparsely sampled image is synonymous with restoration from spatially thinned-out information, so the actual resolution depends on the average distance between each irradiation point.
- the image quality required for sample observation in SEM changes depending on the observation magnification and the structure size of the target sample included in the observation field. That is, when observing a specific sample structure, it means that with a single irradiation ratio, observation with a reduced dose can be performed with sufficient image quality only at a limited observation magnification and field of view.
- the image acquisition conditions such as determining the acceleration voltage appropriate for observation and adjusting the probe current are set first, and then observation is started.
- observation is started, a series of operations such as searching for a field of view is first performed, followed by detailed observation of a region of interest, and image capturing. During this observation, the observation magnification is frequently changed and the field of view is moved.
- the electron beam irradiation rate or irradiation pattern is basically not changed during a series of observations. Therefore, when changing the observation conditions such as changing the magnification or moving the field of view, it may become difficult to obtain a reconstructed image with sufficient resolution for observing the structure of the target sample.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in specimen image observation technology, and to maintain a constant restored image quality regardless of changes in observation conditions, thereby improving observation throughput and usability.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sample image observation apparatus and method for realizing restoration.
- the present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above problems.
- One example is to irradiate a part of the observation area of the sample with an electron beam, and restore an image including pixels not irradiated with the electron beam.
- a storage unit for storing a correlation between the irradiation condition of the electron beam with respect to the observation area of the sample and the observation condition of the sample; and the irradiation condition of the electron beam based on the correlation.
- a control section for synchronizing observation conditions.
- a sample image observation method using a sample image observation device for irradiating a part of an observation region of a sample with an electron beam and restoring an image including pixels not irradiated with the electron beam comprising:
- the specimen image observation apparatus includes: a storage unit for storing a correlation between the irradiation condition of the electron beam for the observation area of the specimen and the observation condition of the specimen; and a controller for synchronizing with the sample image observation method, wherein the irradiation conditions are determined based on the size of the structure of the sample.
- the restored image quality can be kept constant regardless of changes in observation conditions, and observation throughput and usability can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a sample image observation device according to a first embodiment
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a main part of a control system for the sample image observation device according to the first embodiment
- 4 is a diagram showing an example of the correlation between observation magnification and irradiation ratio according to Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the correlation between observation magnification and irradiation ratio according to Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the correlation between the irradiation ratio and the restored image resolution according to the first embodiment
- 4 is a diagram showing an example of a sample observation flow of the sample image observation apparatus according to the first embodiment;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a sparse sampling and restoration processing flow of the sample image observation apparatus according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a sparse sampling and restoration processing flow of the sample image observation apparatus according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a scan setting screen of the sample image observation device according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of an image restoration adjustment screen of the sample image observation device according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a restoration condition adjustment processing flow of the sample image observation device according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a processing flow according to the second embodiment
- Embodiment 1 is a specimen image observation apparatus that irradiates a part of an observation area of a specimen with an electron beam and restores an image including pixels that are not irradiated with the electron beam.
- a sample image observation apparatus comprising: a storage unit for storing a correlation between an irradiation position, which is an irradiation condition, and a sample observation condition; and a control unit for synchronizing the electron beam irradiation condition with the observation condition based on the correlation.
- sample image observation device that irradiates a part of the observation area of the sample with an electron beam and restores an image including pixels not irradiated with the electron beam
- the sample image observation device is a storage unit for storing the correlation between the electron beam irradiation condition for the observation area of the specimen and the specimen observation condition; and a control unit for synchronizing the electron beam irradiation condition with the observation condition based on the correlation, is an example of a sample image observation method in which determination is made based on the size of the structure of the sample.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of a sample image observation device according to this embodiment.
- a probe electron beam which is a primary electron beam emitted from an electron gun 11 installed inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM column) 10
- SEM column scanning electron microscope
- the condenser lens 12 and an aperture 13 passes through a scanning deflector 14.
- the objective lens 16 passes through the objective lens 16 and scans the surface of the sample 19 on the stage 18 .
- Signal electrons which are secondary electrons generated from the sample 19, are detected by the detector 20, and the detected signal is sent to the control system 22 to restore the image of the surface of the sample 19.
- the SEM column may include other components such as lenses, electrodes, and detectors in addition to those described above, and is not limited to the configuration described above.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the main part of the functional configuration of the control system 22, which is the control part of the sample image observation apparatus, according to the first embodiment.
- the control system may be implemented using, for example, a general-purpose computer, or may be implemented as a function of a program executed on the computer.
- a computer includes at least a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a storage unit such as a memory, and a storage device such as a hard disk.
- the processing of the control unit may be implemented by storing program codes in a memory and executing each program code by a processor.
- part of the control unit may be configured by hardware such as a dedicated circuit board.
- control system 22 is composed of a control device 210, an arithmetic device 220, a drawing device 230, etc., which are connected to a bus 240.
- the controller 210 comprises a main controller 211 that controls the SEM, a beam controller 212 , a scan controller 213 and a stage controller 214 .
- the computing device 220 is composed of a route determination unit 221 that determines the irradiation position and route, which are the irradiation conditions of the primary electron beam, a correlation storage unit 222, and a restored image estimation unit 223.
- the correlation memory stores the correlation between observation conditions for observation areas of 222 samples and irradiation conditions related to sparse sampling of the primary electron beam.
- the path determination unit 223 determines the irradiation position and path of the electron beam based on the correlation stored in the correlation storage unit. According to this determination, the controller 210 controls the electron beam to obtain a sparsely sampled image.
- a restored image estimation unit 223 estimates a restored image from the sparsely sampled image by computer processing.
- the drawing device 230 consists of a restored image output unit 231 and a scanned image output unit 232, and sequentially draws using the restored images estimated by the restored image estimation unit 223.
- the outputs of the restored image estimation unit 223 and the scanned image output unit 232 are sent to the display unit of the input/output terminal 21 .
- the correlation stored in the correlation storage unit 222 may be, for example, the correspondence relationship between the observation magnification and the irradiation ratio. Furthermore, it is preferable that the relationship is stored in the correlation storage unit 222 as a dependency relationship combined with the observation sample information.
- the information of the observed sample is the amount related to the size, positional distribution, and frequency distribution of the characteristic structure of the sample.
- the structure size means the size of the structure of the sample, for example, the size of the interval between adjacent structures, line width, layer thickness, particle size, and the like. A feature amount obtained by calculation of the minimum value, average value, or statistical variance of these structure sizes, distributions, or a combination of these may be used. In particular, information such as the sample structure feature amount for structures existing within the field of view during imaging is important.
- the correlations stored in the correlation storage unit 222 are determined in advance based on sample information, for example.
- the information derived by computer processing after inputting the sample information may be stored again in the correlation storage unit 222 and used.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the correlation between the observation magnification and the irradiation rate as an example of the correlation stored in the correlation storage unit 222.
- FIG. 3 In order to suppress changes in restored image quality due to observation magnification, a relationship is used in which the irradiation ratio decreases as the observation magnification increases, and the irradiation ratio increases as the observation magnification decreases. Additionally, this correlation is described in a manner that includes a dependence on the observed sample structure within the field of view. For example, when the structural size of the observation target within the field of view becomes smaller due to sample exchange or field movement, the correlation changes from curve A to curve B in FIG. This enables observation with a restored image quality suitable for the sample.
- the correlation to be referred to may be a discretized step-like correlation as exemplified by the solid line in FIG. 4 instead of the continuous curve as exemplified in FIG. Further, when determining the irradiation rate by referring to the recorded continuous correlation, it may be used after being discretized with an arbitrary step width.
- the correlation stored in the correlation storage unit may be the correspondence relationship between the irradiation rate and the restored image resolution.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the correlation between the irradiation ratio and the restored image resolution at a specific observation magnification.
- the path determination unit 221 sequentially compares the observation magnification and sample information input via the input/output terminal 21 with the correlation, and dynamically determines the irradiation position and path of the electron beam.
- the sample information may be input by directly inputting the feature amount of the sample structure as a numerical value, or by utilizing the design data of the observation object.
- an image that serves as a reference may be image-analyzed to extract a feature amount, which may be used as an input.
- the movement of the irradiation position of the primary electron beam when performing sparse sampling is performed using the scan deflector 14, for example.
- the scanning deflector 14 may be of a magnetic field type using an electromagnetic coil or an electric field type using electrodes.
- a deflector for sparse sampling may be used.
- the blanker 15 may be used during movement between the irradiation points so that the primary electron beam is not irradiated onto the sample. It is possible to reduce specimen damage and suppress detection of signal electrons from positions other than the intended irradiation position.
- Fig. 6 shows an example of a sample observation flow using the sample image observation device of this embodiment.
- sample observation is started (S601)
- the sample is placed on the stage 18 (S602)
- sample information is input (S603)
- image acquisition conditions are set (S604).
- the irradiation conditions such as the irradiation rate of the primary electron beam, the irradiation position, and the movement route are determined (S606).
- Sparse primary electron beam irradiation is performed according to the determined irradiation conditions (S607), and image restoration processing is executed using detection signals to generate an image (S608).
- FIG. 7 shows an example of the sparse sampling and restoration processing flow of this embodiment.
- the sparse sampling and restoration processing is started (S701)
- the sample information input from the sample information input unit is read (S703). It is read (S704).
- the observation magnification is set or changed (S706)
- the correlation between the observation magnification and the irradiation ratio recorded in the correlation recording unit 222 is referred to (S707).
- An optimal irradiation rate is derived based on the already read sample information from the referenced correlation (S708).
- the current irradiation ratio and the derived optimum value are compared (S709), and if different from the optimum value (NO), the irradiation ratio is changed (S710).
- the current irradiation rate is the optimum value (YES)
- the irradiation rate is not changed.
- the irradiation position and movement path are determined based on the determined irradiation ratio, sparse primary electron beam irradiation (S711) is performed, an image is generated by image restoration processing (S712) based on the detection signal, and the restored image is sent to the drawing device 230. is drawn (S713).
- this irradiation ratio change processing be performed immediately and sequentially in conjunction with the change in observation magnification. However, it is not strictly necessary to change the observation magnification at the same time. If so, it may be performed at intervals of the drawing time of the unit block.
- the concept of compressed sensing may be used for image restoration processing from sparse primary electron beam irradiation.
- the processing may be processing using a rule-based algorithm, processing using a learning algorithm, or a plurality of combinations thereof.
- These restoration algorithms may be selected and used, for example, from the viewpoint of processing time and restored image quality.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of a modification of the flow of sparse sampling and restoration processing by the sample image observation device of this embodiment.
- the sparse sampling and restoration processing is started (S801), after reading the irradiation conditions (S802), the input sample information is read (S803), and then the preset initial irradiation ratio is read. (S804).
- Observation is started (S805), and when the observation field of view is set and changed (S806), sample information corresponding to the position of the observation field of view is first referred to from the sample information that has already been read (S807), and the structure of the sample within the field of view is determined. Features are determined. Then, the sample structure feature amount before and after the field of view movement is compared (S808), and if the sample structure feature amount has changed (YES), the correlation between the observation magnification and the irradiation ratio recorded in the correlation recording unit is referenced. (S809). From the referenced correlation, the optimal irradiation ratio is derived based on the specimen structure feature amount after the field of view movement and the current observation magnification (S810). Then, the current irradiation ratio is compared with the derived optimum value (S811), and if different from the optimum value (NO), the irradiation ratio is changed (S812).
- the irradiation position and movement path are determined by the path determination unit 221 based on the determined irradiation ratio, the primary electron beam is irradiated sparsely based on the determination (S813), and an image is generated by image restoration processing based on the detection signal ( S814), and the restored image is drawn (S815). Moreover, even when the sample structure feature amount in the field of view does not change before and after the field of view movement (S808 No), the irradiation ratio is not changed.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a scan setting screen of the sample image observation device in this embodiment.
- the scan setting screen 90 displayed on the display unit of the input/output terminal 20 as shown in FIG.
- Any sparse, sparse scan to illuminate can be selected.
- the sparse scan mode it is possible to select a variable mode in which the irradiation rate is dynamically changed and controlled according to changes in observation conditions, and a fixed mode in which a constant value is maintained.
- FIG. 10 and 11 are diagrams for explaining the restoration condition adjustment processing in this embodiment.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of the image restoration adjustment screen
- FIG. 11 shows an example of the restoration condition adjustment processing flow.
- the image restoration adjustment screen in FIG. 10 it is possible to set observation condition parameters such as irradiation voltage, probe current, frame rate, and imaging magnification. Also, the image restoration adjustment screen can display a sparsely sampled image, its irradiation ratio, and a restored image. Furthermore, a typical sample size can be input as a sample information input section, and can be changed by moving a slider as well as by directly inputting numerical values.
- the image restoration adjustment screen 100 is displayed on the display unit of the input/output terminal 20 connected to the control system 21 (S1102). , adjustment is started. Then, using the screen, observation conditions are first set (S1103). Then, it is checked whether the sample information is to be automatically input (S1104). If the input is not automatic (NO), the user manually inputs the sample information on the adjustment screen (S1105).
- the sample information is the amount related to the size, position distribution, and frequency distribution of the characteristic structure of the sample. For example, on the adjustment screen shown in FIG. 10, the typical sample size corresponds to the sample information. Based on the input sample information, parameters are set as the sample structure feature amount (S1109).
- sample information is to be automatically input (YES)
- the sample is densely irradiated with an electron beam (S1106), and an image for sample structure estimation is acquired from the detection signal (S1107).
- the acquired image is computer-processed to calculate the sample structure feature amount (S1108), and the parameters are set (S1109).
- the sample structure estimation image here may be an image acquired under a single observation condition, or may be a combination of images acquired under a plurality of fields of view or a plurality of observation magnifications.
- sparse sampling is executed (S1110) and image restoration processing (S1111) is performed based on the set parameters, and the restoration result is drawn (S1112), and restoration condition adjustment processing ends (S1113).
- the user looks at the rendered restored image and confirms that it has the desired image quality. If further adjustment is required, the parameters are adjusted and this adjustment flow is repeated. At this time, it is desirable that the sparse sampling before restoration and the irradiation ratio are also displayed on the display section of the screen. This enables the user to grasp the state of electron beam irradiation to the sample.
- Embodiment 2 is an embodiment in which the specimen image observation apparatus described in Embodiment 1 is applied particularly to inspection and measurement of semiconductor circuit patterns.
- a method Die to Database
- This embodiment describes how to apply the sparse sampling and restoration processing flow to this Die to Database.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of the processing flow in this embodiment.
- a circuit pattern design drawing to be observed is input from the input/output terminal 21 connected to the control system 22 (S1202).
- the input circuit pattern design drawing is recorded in a circuit pattern recording unit (not shown) attached to the arithmetic device 220 .
- irradiation conditions such as irradiation voltage, probe current, frame rate and observation magnification are read (S1203).
- the stage 18 is moved to the coordinates to be observed, and the coordinates after movement are read (S1204).
- the structure of the observation sample is calculated from the coordinates in the sample image observation device and the design drawing of the semiconductor circuit pattern.
- the circuit pattern at the coordinates is referred to in the circuit pattern design drawing
- the pattern size included in the field of view under the irradiation conditions is extracted from the circuit pattern, and the sample structure feature amount is calculated (S1205).
- the calculated sample structure feature amount is set (S1206)
- sparse sampling is executed (S1207)
- image restoration processing is performed, and the restoration result is drawn (S1209).
- the design drawing of the semiconductor circuit pattern referred to in this embodiment is not limited to the design drawing itself.
- an arrangement diagram or layout of circuit patterns may be referred to, or a simulated observation image generated based on arrangement/design information of these patterns may be referred to.
- a sample observation image including the target region of the sample a sample observation image having an equal or higher irradiation ratio may be referred, or a plurality of sample observation images obtained under a plurality of irradiation conditions may be referred to. Also good.
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Abstract
Description
前記試料像観察装置は、前記試料の観察領域に対する前記電子線の照射条件と前記試料の観察条件との相関を記憶する記憶部と、前記相関に基づき、前記電子線の照射条件を前記観察条件に同期させる制御部と、を備え、前記照射条件は、前記試料の構造の大小に基づいて決定する、試料像観察方法を提供する。
なお、本実施例において参照される半導体回路パターンの設計図とは、設計図そのもののみに限らない。例えば、回路パターンの配置図やレイアウトを参照しても良いし、これらパターンの配置・設計情報を基に生成された模擬観察像を参照しても良い。また、試料の対象領域が含まれる試料観察像や、同等またはより高い照射割合を有する試料観察像を参照しても良いし、複数の照射条件で取得した複数枚の試料観察像を参照しても良い。
11 電子源
12 コンデンサレンズ
13 絞り
14 スキャン偏向器
15 ブランカ
16 対物レンズ
17 試料室
18 ステージ
19 試料
20 検出器
21 入出力端末
22 制御システム
210 制御装置
220 演算装置
230 描画装置
240 バス
Claims (15)
- 試料の観察領域の一部に対して電子線を照射し、電子線照射のない画素を含む画像を復元処理する試料像観察装置であって、
前記試料の観察領域に対する前記電子線の照射条件と前記試料の観察条件との相関を記憶する記憶部と、
前記相関に基づき、前記照射条件を前記観察条件に同期させる制御部と、を備える、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察装置。 - 請求項1に記載の試料像観察装置であって、
試料情報を入力する入力部を、更に備える、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察装置。 - 請求項2に記載の試料像観察装置であって,
前記照射条件は、前記試料の構造の大小に基づいて決定する、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察装置。 - 請求項3に記載の試料像観察装置であって、
前記観察条件は観察倍率である、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察装置。 - 請求項3に記載の試料像観察装置であって、
前記観察条件は観察視野である、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察装置。 - 請求項4又は5に記載の試料像観察装置であって、
前記照射条件は、画像中の全画素に対する電子線照射画素の比である照射割合である、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察装置。 - 請求項4又は5に記載の試料像観察装置であって、
前記照射条件は、画像中の電子線照射画素の移動経路である、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察装置。 - 請求項6又は7に記載の試料像観察装置であって,
前記電子線の照射割合または照射位置または平均ドーズ量を表示する表示部を、更に備える、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察装置。 - 請求項2に記載の試料像観察装置であって、
前記試料は半導体回路パターンであり、前記入力部より入力される前記試料情報は、前記半導体回路パターンの設計情報である、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察装置。 - 請求項9に記載の試料像観察装置であって、
前記試料の前記試料像観察装置内における座標と前記半導体回路パターンの設計情報より前記試料の構造を算出し、前記試料の構造と前記観察条件より前記電子線の照射割合を決定する、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察装置。 - 試料の観察領域の一部に対して電子線を照射し、電子線照射のない画素を含む画像を復元処理する試料像観察装置を使った試料像観察方法であって、
前記試料像観察装置は、前記試料の観察領域に対する前記電子線の照射条件と前記試料の観察条件との相関を記憶する記憶部と、前記相関に基づき、前記電子線の照射条件を前記観察条件に同期させる制御部と、を備え、
前記照射条件は、前記試料の構造の大小に基づいて決定する、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察方法。 - 請求項11に記載の試料像観察方法であって、
前記観察条件は観察倍率または観察視野である、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察方法。 - 請求項12に記載の試料像観察方法であって、
前記照射条件は画像中の全画素に対する電子線照射画素の比である照射割合である、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察方法。 - 請求項12に記載の試料像観察方法であって、
前記照射条件は画像中の電子線照射画素の移動経路である、
ことを特徴とする試料観察方法。 - 請求項12に記載の試料像観察方法であって、
前記試料像観察装置は表示部を有し、
前記表示部に前記電子線の照射割合または照射位置または平均ドーズ量を表示する、
ことを特徴とする試料像観察方法。
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JPS63100362A (ja) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-05-02 | Jeol Ltd | 材料検査方法 |
WO2011016208A1 (ja) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-10 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 走査型電子顕微鏡及び試料観察方法 |
JP2019525408A (ja) * | 2016-07-19 | 2019-09-05 | バテル メモリアル インスティチュート | 分析機器用のまばらなサンプリング方法およびプローブシステム |
JP2021085776A (ja) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-06-03 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 開口合成処理装置、開口合成処理方法、及びそのプログラム |
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JPS63100362A (ja) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-05-02 | Jeol Ltd | 材料検査方法 |
WO2011016208A1 (ja) * | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-10 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 走査型電子顕微鏡及び試料観察方法 |
JP2019525408A (ja) * | 2016-07-19 | 2019-09-05 | バテル メモリアル インスティチュート | 分析機器用のまばらなサンプリング方法およびプローブシステム |
JP2021085776A (ja) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-06-03 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 開口合成処理装置、開口合成処理方法、及びそのプログラム |
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