WO2022247636A1 - 固态食品的无菌装罐杀菌系统和方法 - Google Patents

固态食品的无菌装罐杀菌系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022247636A1
WO2022247636A1 PCT/CN2022/092184 CN2022092184W WO2022247636A1 WO 2022247636 A1 WO2022247636 A1 WO 2022247636A1 CN 2022092184 W CN2022092184 W CN 2022092184W WO 2022247636 A1 WO2022247636 A1 WO 2022247636A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sterilization
food
pot
cavity
sealing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/092184
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈家文
陈海山
谷海军
黄日平
张家权
邱振强
周海燕
Original Assignee
广州卓诚食品科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2022247636A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022247636A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B55/00—Preserving, protecting or purifying packages or package contents in association with packaging
    • B65B55/02—Sterilising, e.g. of complete packages
    • B65B55/12—Sterilising contents prior to, or during, packaging
    • B65B55/18—Sterilising contents prior to, or during, packaging by liquids or gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/16—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials
    • A23L3/165—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by heating loose unpacked materials in solid state
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
    • A23L3/3409—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A23L3/3418—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67B—APPLYING CLOSURE MEMBERS TO BOTTLES JARS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; OPENING CLOSED CONTAINERS
    • B67B3/00—Closing bottles, jars or similar containers by applying caps
    • B67B3/02—Closing bottles, jars or similar containers by applying caps by applying flanged caps, e.g. crown caps, and securing by deformation of flanges
    • B67B3/06—Feeding caps to capping heads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of food packaging, in particular to a solid food aseptic canning sterilization system and method.
  • Food sterilization is to take food raw materials and processed products as the object, through the killing of microorganisms, the main factor that causes food deterioration, to make food commercially sterile, effectively prolong the shelf life of food, and avoid the intake of pathogenic bacteria causing human body infection. Intoxication in humans by (usually intestinal) infection or by pre-produced bacterial toxins in food.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide an aseptic canning and sterilization system for solid food, allowing steam to directly contact food, which has the advantages of short sterilization time and avoiding overheating.
  • a solid food aseptic canning and sterilization system including a solid food conveying and sterilizing part, a canning and sealing conveying part, a tank body sterilizing and conveying part and sealing material conveying Sterilization section;
  • the solid food conveying sterilization section includes a food sterilization cavity, a shelf, a porous food container, a first conveying device, a first feed inlet, a first cover, a nitrogen valve, a first exhaust valve and a first steam
  • the valve, the porous food container and the conveying device are located in the food sterilization chamber, the first feed port is located at one end of the food sterilization chamber, the first cover opens and closes the first feed port, and the porous food container Located on the rack, the nitrogen valve, the exhaust valve and the first steam valve are respectively communicated with the food sterilization chamber;
  • the tank sterilizing and conveying part includes a tank sterilizing cavity, a second feed port, a second cover, a second steam valve, a second exhaust valve, a second conveying device, and a conveying tunnel cavity.
  • the second feed The mouth is arranged at one end of the tank body sterilization cavity, the second cover opens and closes the second feed port, the second steam valve and the second exhaust valve are respectively connected with the upper and lower parts of the tank body sterilization cavity, and the conveying One end of the tunnel cavity communicates with the tank body sterilization cavity, the other end of the conveying tunnel cavity communicates with the filling and sealing cavity, the second transfer device is located in the tank body sterilization cavity, and the second transfer device transfers the tank body to In the tunnel cavity;
  • the sealing material conveying and sterilizing part includes a third exhaust valve, an aluminum-plastic film sterilization chamber, a third feed port, a third cover and a third conveying device, and the third feed port is located at the end of the aluminum-plastic film sterilization chamber.
  • the third cover opens and closes the third feed port
  • the other end of the aluminum-plastic film sterilization chamber communicates with the canning and sealing cavity
  • the third exhaust valve communicates with the aluminum-plastic film sterilization chamber respectively
  • the third delivery device is located in the aluminum-plastic film sterilization cavity, and the third delivery device transports the aluminum-plastic film from the aluminum-plastic film sterilization cavity to the filling and sealing cavity;
  • the canning and sealing conveying part includes a canning and sealing mouth, a can outlet, a food pouring level, a fourth conveying device, a fourth steam valve, a sealing machine and a fourth exhaust valve.
  • One end of the mouth, the food pouring position is at the other end of the canning and sealing mouth
  • the fourth steam valve and the fourth exhaust valve are respectively communicated with the canning and sealing mouth
  • the end of the fourth conveying device is located at the food pouring and sealing mouth.
  • the bottom of the material level, the front end of the fourth conveying device is located outside the tank outlet and passes through the tank outlet, the sealing machine is located in the middle of the fourth conveying device, and the third conveying device is located on the top of the fourth conveying device.
  • the second conveying device is located at the side of the fourth conveying device, and the food dumping position is at the end of the first conveying device.
  • a cooling water interlayer is arranged in the food sterilization chamber, and a water inlet and a water outlet are connected to the cooling water interlayer.
  • the canning and sealing mouth is located at the front of the food sterilization main pot
  • the food sterilization cavity is located at the rear of the food sterilization main pot
  • the first feeding port and the first cover It is located at the end of the main food sterilization pot
  • the tank outlet is located at the front end of the main food sterilization pot.
  • a first vertical partition, a horizontal partition and a second vertical partition are arranged between the canning and sealing cavity and the food sterilization cavity, and the first vertical partition is connected to the inside of the food sterilization main pot.
  • the top is connected, and the horizontal partition is respectively connected to the first vertical partition and the second vertical partition, and the second vertical partition is connected to the bottom of the inner side of the food sterilization main pot, and the food pouring level is at the level clapboard.
  • the tank sterilization pot is set parallel to the main food sterilization pot, the tank sterilization cavity is located in the tank sterilization pot, and the conveying tunnel cavity is connected to the food sterilization main pot and the tank Body sterilization attached pot.
  • it includes a can lid sterilization pot, the aluminum-plastic film sterilization cavity is located in the can lid sterilization pot, and the main food sterilization pot, the can lid sterilization pot and the tank body sterilization pot are all provided with exhaust valves and vent valve.
  • the first steam valve, the second steam valve and the fourth steam valve are membrane valves, and pressure gauges are respectively set on the food sterilization main pot and the tank sterilization attached pot.
  • sterile nitrogen gas inlets are all provided on the food sterilization main pot, the lid sterilization pot and the tank body sterilization pot.
  • sterile nitrogen gas is introduced during the packaging process to ensure that the production process is in a nitrogen environment, ensuring a sterile environment during the packaging process, and at the same time nitrogen is transported from the exit of the tank to ensure that the production environment is free of bacteria from the exit.
  • the mouth of the tank enters.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide an aseptic canning method for solid food, which has the advantages of short sterilization time and avoiding overheating.
  • the second technical purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a method for aseptic canning and sealing of solid food, including solid food, can body and aluminum-plastic film respectively sterilized by high-temperature steam, solid food, can body and The aluminum-plastic films are all in a connected closed space, which has a tank outlet, and the solid food, tank body and aluminum-plastic film are sterilized by steam at the same time; after the sterilization is completed, the steam is turned off, and the closed space is cooled by the interlayer.
  • Water is used for cooling, and nitrogen is filled at the same time to keep the air pressure in the confined space slightly positive, so that the nitrogen is always discharged from the tank outlet; when the set nitrogen pressure is reached, the solid food, tank and aluminum plastic film are controlled to be transported
  • the solid food is poured into the tank, and the aluminum-plastic film is used to seal the tank by the sealing machine, and the sealed tank is sent out by the conveyor belt.
  • the sterilization method is used for packaging and processing of solid food.
  • this invention puts the thermal sterilization of food before canning and sealing, so that the food is directly exposed to steam, the heat transfer is fast, the sterilization time is greatly shortened, and the mouthfeel of food is effectively improved
  • the package, lid and tank body of the sealed food, as well as related machinery are also heated and sterilized by steam in the sealed cavity, and then canned and sealed in the sterile environment cavity to ensure that the food reaches commercial sterility; food Put it into a porous food container, put it on the rack, then push the rack into the food sterilization cavity of the food sterilization main pot, open the steam valve of the food sterilization cavity, and sterilize the food in the porous food container, at the same time , Open the steam valve of the can lid sterilization attached pot, the can body sterilization attached pot, and the canned sealing mouth to sterilize the materials of the can body and the lid body, and at the same time sterilize the sealing device (that is, the sealing machine) in
  • each food has been strictly tested to obtain a safe sterilization formula, and all valves are programmed and controlled strictly according to the formula to realize fully automatic control.
  • the steam pressure is precisely controlled through the membrane valve.
  • the system has a temperature recorder, and the sterilization records of each batch are saved for 3 In 2009, after the sterilization process was completed, the steam valve was closed, the interlayer cooling water valve of the pot body was opened to cool the pot body, and the sterile nitrogen valve was opened at the same time, and sterile nitrogen gas was introduced from the sterile nitrogen gas inlet.
  • the sterilization process is over, the packaging and sealing program is started, and the movement mechanism in the pot is started, including the transportation of food, the transportation of the tank body, the transportation of the can lid and the movement mechanism of the sealing machine (that is, the first transmission device, the second transmission device, etc.) device, the third conveying device and the fourth conveying device) to implement canning and sealing operations, through precise control, the food in the porous food container is loaded into the can body one by one, and sent to the sealing station to precisely control the sealing Pressure and time ensure the quality of the seal.
  • the sealing the sterile nitrogen is sealed in the tank together, so that the food in the tank is in an anaerobic state during the preservation process.
  • the sealed can is sent out of the filling and sealing mouth.
  • the nitrogen pressure is precisely controlled, the filling and sealing mouth maintains a slight positive pressure, and there is always a sterile air blowing out along the gap of the can exit to prevent bacteria from entering the filling and sealing mouth.
  • this system is intermittent sterilization, that is, complete After one pot is sterilized and canned and sealed, open the pot door, put in a new batch of food, and proceed to the next cycle.
  • the canned food made by this system can not contain soup, the surface is dry, commercially sterile, and can be stored for a long time ( More than 2 years) will not be oxidized and tasted (especially oil).
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a top view of the trial
  • a solid food aseptic canned sterilization system includes a solid food conveying and sterilizing unit, a canning and sealing conveying unit, a can body sterilizing and conveying unit, and a sealing material conveying and sterilizing unit; the solid food conveying
  • the sterilization part includes a food sterilization cavity 11, a rack, a porous food container 12, a first conveying device, a first feed inlet 13, a first cover 14, a nitrogen valve, a first exhaust valve 15 and a first steam valve 16,
  • the porous food container 12 and the conveying device are located in the food sterilization chamber 11, the porous food container 12 is a porous shallow basin, the first feeding port 13 is located at one end of the food sterilization chamber 11, and the first cover 14 opens and closes the first inlet.
  • the feed port 13 and the first cover body 14 play a role of sealing.
  • the first feed port 13 is for food to be put into the food sterilization chamber 11.
  • the food sterilization chamber 11 is provided with a cooling water interlayer 17 connected to the cooling water interlayer 17.
  • the water inlet 171 and the water outlet 172 cool down the food sterilization main pot 1, the porous food container 12 is located on the material rack, the sterile nitrogen gas inlet 6 is provided with a nitrogen valve, the sterile nitrogen gas inlet 6, the first row
  • the air valve 15 and the first steam valve 16 communicate with the food sterilization chamber 11 respectively, while the food sterilization chamber 11 is located in the main food sterilization pot 1, and the food sterilization chamber 11 is located at the rear of the food sterilization main pot 1, the first opening and the second
  • a cover body 14 is located at the end of the food sterilization main pot 1, wherein the first conveying device can be a circular conveyor belt, and the porous food container 12 is fixed on the conveyor belt.
  • the structure of the first conveying device belongs to the
  • the tank sterilizing conveying part includes a tank sterilizing cavity 31, a second feeding port 32, a second cover 33, a second steam valve 34, a second exhaust valve 35, a second conveying Device and conveying tunnel cavity 36
  • the second feed port 32 is arranged at one end of the tank body sterilization chamber 31
  • the second cover 33 opens and closes the second feed port 32
  • the second steam valve 34 and the second exhaust valve 35 respectively communicate with the tank body sterilization cavity 31
  • one end of the delivery tunnel cavity 36 communicates with the tank body sterilization cavity 31
  • the other end of the delivery tunnel cavity 36 communicates with the filling and sealing mouth 2
  • the second transmission device is located in the tank body sterilization cavity 31
  • the second conveying device transfers the tank body to the conveying tunnel cavity 36
  • the tank body sterilization chamber 31 is located in the tank body sterilization attached pot 3
  • the tank body sterilization attached pot 3 is set in parallel with the main food sterilization pot 1
  • the tank body sterilization chamber 31 is located in the tank body sterilization pot 3.
  • the conveying tunnel cavity 36 connects the food sterilization main pot 1 and the tank body sterilization pot 3, and the tank body is loaded on the second conveying device, and the second conveying device can use a conveyor belt to transfer the tank body to the conveyor.
  • the function in the tunnel cavity 36, the structure of the second conveyor belt will not be repeated here, and a conveyor belt can also be set in the conveying tunnel cavity 36, or the tank body can be transported through the guide rod, that is, the tank body will be transported to the filling and sealing cavity 2 Inside.
  • the sealing material conveying and sterilizing section includes a third exhaust valve 42, an aluminum-plastic film sterilizing chamber 41, a third feeding port 44, a third cover 45 and a third conveying device, the third feeding
  • the feed port 44 is located at one end of the aluminum-plastic film sterilization cavity 41
  • the third cover 45 opens and closes the third feed port 44
  • the other end of the aluminum-plastic film sterilization cavity 41 communicates with the canning and sealing cavity 2
  • the third exhaust valve 42 communicate with the aluminum-plastic film sterilization chamber 41 respectively
  • the third conveying device is located in the aluminum-plastic film sterilization chamber 41
  • the third conveying device conveys the aluminum-plastic film from the aluminum-plastic film sterilization chamber 41 to the canning and sealing cavity 2
  • the sterilizing cavity 41 is located in the can lid sterilizing pot 4, and the third conveying device includes mechanisms such as unwinding shaft, winding shaft and tension roller, which play the role of transmitting the aluminum-plastic film, and transport the aluminum-plastic film to the bottom of the sealing
  • the canning and sealing conveying part includes a canning and sealing mouth 2, a can outlet 21, a food pouring level 22, a fourth conveying device, a fourth steam valve 23, and a sealing machine 24.
  • the canning and sealing mouth 2 is located in the main food sterilization pot 1 At the front, the can outlet 21 is located at the front end of the food sterilization main pot 1, that is, the can outlet 21 is located at one end of the canning and sealing cavity 2, the food pouring level 22 is at the other end of the canning and sealing cavity 2, and the fourth steam valve 23
  • the canning and sealing mouth 2 is connected, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the fourth transmission device is a conveyor belt, the end of the fourth transmission device is located at the bottom of the food pouring level 22, and the front end of the fourth transmission device is located at the can outlet 21,
  • the sealing machine 24 is located in the middle of the fourth conveying device, the third conveying device is located on the top of the fourth conveying device, the second conveying device is located on the side of the fourth
  • a first vertical partition 221, a horizontal partition 222 and a second vertical partition 223 are arranged between the canning mouth 2 and the food sterilization chamber 11, and the first vertical partition 221 and the food
  • the top of the inner side of the sterilizing main pot 1 is connected, and the horizontal partition 222 is respectively connected to the first vertical partition 221 and the second vertical partition 223, and has a discharge port and a door, and the second vertical partition 223 is connected to the food sterilization
  • the bottom of the inner side of the main pot 1 is connected, the food pouring level 22 is on the horizontal partition 222, the first steam valve 16, the second steam valve 34, and the fourth steam valve 23 are film valves, and the food sterilization main pot 1
  • Pressure gauges are respectively arranged on the attached pot for sterilization and tank body 3, and sterile nitrogen gas inlets 6 are all arranged on the main pot for food sterilization 1, the attached pot for sterilization of the can lid 4 and the attached pot for tank body sterilization 3.
  • a method for aseptic canning and sterilization of solid food is used for packaging and processing of solid food, including the solid food, can body and aluminum-plastic film are sterilized by high-temperature steam respectively, and the solid food, can body and aluminum-plastic film are all sterilized.
  • the closed space has a tank outlet 21, and the solid food, the tank body and the aluminum-plastic film are sterilized by steam at the same time; after the sterilization is completed, the steam is turned off, and the closed space is cooled by the cooling water in the interlayer
  • nitrogen gas is charged to keep the air pressure in the closed space slightly positive, so that the nitrogen gas is always discharged from the tank outlet 21; when the set nitrogen gas pressure is reached, the solid food, tank body and aluminum-plastic film are controlled to transport the solid food Pour it into the tank body, and seal the tank body with the aluminum-plastic film by the sealing machine 24, and the sealed tank body is sent out by the conveyor belt.
  • the integrated sterilization and packaging system includes a food sterilization main pot 1, a tank body sterilization attached pot 3, a can lid sterilization pot 4 and a canning and sealing mouth connected to the 3 pots.
  • Each pot body has a steam inlet and an exhaust port respectively. mouth, air vent and sterile nitrogen inlet, the food is packed into a porous food container 12, placed on the rack, and then the rack is pushed into the food sterilization chamber 11 of the food sterilization main pot 1, and the steam in the food sterilization chamber 11 is turned on The valve is used to sterilize the food in the porous food container 12.
  • the sealing device ie, the sealing machine 24
  • the sealing device in the canning and sealing mouth 2 is also sterilized.
  • Each food is strictly tested to obtain a safe sterilization formula, and all valves are programmed and controlled strictly according to the formula to realize automatic control.
  • Steam pressure Precisely controlled by the membrane valve, the system has a temperature recorder, and the sterilization records of each batch are kept for 3 years. After the sterilization process is completed, the steam valve is closed, and the interlayer cooling water valve of the pot body is opened to cool the pot body.
  • the nitrogen valve introduces sterile nitrogen gas from the sterile nitrogen gas inlet 6.
  • the nitrogen gas pressure reaches the preset value, the sterilization process ends, the packaging procedure is started, and the movement mechanism in the pot is started, including the transportation of food and the transportation of tanks , the conveying of the can lid and the movement mechanism of the sealing machine 24 (namely the first conveying device, the second conveying device, the third conveying device and the fourth conveying device), implement the operation of canning and sealing, through precise control, the porous food
  • the food in the container 12 is put into the tank body one by one and sent to the sealing station.
  • the sealing pressure and time are precisely controlled to ensure the sealing quality.
  • the sealed cans are sent out of the filling and sealing mouth 2, the nitrogen pressure is precisely controlled, the canning and sealing mouth 2 maintains a slight positive pressure, and there is always a sterile air flow extending out
  • the opening of the tank mouth 21 is blown out to prevent bacteria from entering the canning mouth 2.
  • the system is intermittently sterilized, that is, after the sterilization and sealing of a pot is completed, the pot door is opened and a new batch of food is loaded. Going to the next cycle, the canned food made by this system can contain no soup, the surface is dry, commercially sterile, and can be stored for a long time (more than 2 years) without being oxidized and tasteless (especially fat).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)

Abstract

一种固态食品的无菌装罐杀菌系统和方法，包括食品杀菌主锅（1）、罐体杀菌附锅（3）、罐盖杀菌附锅（4）以及联接食品杀菌主锅（1）、罐体杀菌附锅（3）、罐盖杀菌附锅（4）的装罐封口腔（2），食品杀菌主锅（1）、罐体杀菌附锅（3）、罐盖杀菌附锅（4）、装罐封口腔（2）分别有蒸汽进气口、排气口、泄气口以及无菌氮气进口。把食品的热力杀菌放在罐装封口之前，让食品直接接触蒸汽，传热快，杀菌时间大大缩短，有效改进食品的口感。

Description

固态食品的无菌装罐杀菌系统和方法 技术领域
本发明涉及食品包装领域，特别涉及一种固态食品的无菌罐装杀菌系统和方法。
 背景技术
食品杀菌就是以食品原料、加工品为对象，通过对引起食品变质的主要因素---微生物的杀灭，使食品达到商业无菌，有效延长食品的保质期，避免致病菌的摄入引起人体（通常是肠道）感染或预先在食品中产生的细菌毒素导致人类中毒。
现有技术中，对固态食品通常采用杀菌锅的方式进行热力杀菌，先把食品装在容器里并封口，然后把装封好食品的容器放进锅内，进行蒸汽或水浴杀菌，例如专利号为“CN209914967U”的实用新型专利公开了一种水浴杀菌锅，其通过在锅体内通过加热的方式对食品进行杀菌，但是该种杀菌方式因为食品隔着包装物，传热较慢，使杀菌时间较长，导致食品的过度加热，杀菌后食品的口感变差（俗称罐头味），影响其市场拓展，除了消费者认为罐头食品有防腐剂的误解以外，对于舌尖敏感度较高的中国人，“口感”是影响消费欲非常重要的因素，因此需要一种传热效果快、杀菌效果好，同时杀菌时间短，避免过度加热的杀菌系统和方法。
 技术问题
本发明的第一目的是提供一种固态食品的无菌装罐杀菌系统，让蒸汽直接接触食品，具有杀菌时间短、避免过度加热的优点。
 技术解决方案
本发明的第一技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：一种固态食品的无菌装罐杀菌系统，包括固态食品输送杀菌部、装罐封口输送部、罐体杀菌输送部和封口材料输送杀菌部；所述固态食品输送杀菌部包括食品杀菌腔、料架、多孔食品容器、第一传送装置、第一进料口、第一盖体、氮气阀、第一排气阀和第一蒸汽阀，所述多孔食品容器和传送装置位于食品杀菌腔内，所述第一进料口位于食品杀菌腔的一端，所述第一盖体打开和关闭第一进料口，所述多孔食品容器位于料架上，所述氮气阀、排气阀和第一蒸汽阀分别与食品杀菌腔连通；
所述罐体杀菌输送部包括罐体杀菌腔、第二进料口、第二盖体、第二蒸汽阀、第二排气阀、第二传送装置和输送隧道腔，所述第二进料口设置在罐体杀菌腔的一端，所述第二盖体打开和关闭第二进料口，所述第二蒸汽阀与第二排气阀分别与罐体杀菌腔上下部连通，所述输送隧道腔的一端与罐体杀菌腔连通，所述输送隧道腔的另一端与灌装封口腔连通，所述第二传送装置位于罐体杀菌腔内，所述第二传送装置将罐体传送至输送隧道腔内；
所述封口材料输送杀菌部包括第三排气阀、铝塑膜杀菌腔、第三进料口、第三盖体和第三传送装置，所述第三进料口位于铝塑膜杀菌腔的一端，所述第三盖体打开和关闭第三进料口，所述铝塑膜杀菌腔的另一端与装罐封口腔连通，所述第三排气阀分别与铝塑膜杀菌腔连通，所述第三传送装置位于铝塑膜杀菌腔内，所述第三传送装置将铝塑膜从铝塑膜杀菌腔向灌装封口腔输送；
所述装罐封口输送部包括装罐封口腔、出罐口、食品倒料位、第四传送装置、第四蒸汽阀、封口机和第四排气阀，所述出罐口位于装罐封口腔的一端，所述食品倒料位在装罐封口腔的另一端，所述第四蒸汽阀和第四排气阀分别与装罐封口腔连通，所述第四传送装置的末端位于食品倒料位的底部，所述第四传送装置的前端位于出罐口外且经过出罐口，所述封口机位于第四传送装置的中部，所述第三传送装置位于第四传送装置的顶部，所述第二传送装置位于第四传送装置的侧面，所述食品倒料位在第一传送装置的末端。
作为优选，所述食品杀菌腔内设置有冷却水夹层，所述冷却水夹层上连通有进水口和出水口。
通过采用上述技术方案，便于冷却锅内余留蒸汽，保证食品表面干爽。
作为优选，包括食品杀菌主锅，所述装罐封口腔位于食品杀菌主锅的前部，所述食品杀菌腔位于食品杀菌主锅的后部，所述第一进料口和第一盖体位于食品杀菌主锅的末端，所述出罐口位于食品杀菌主锅的前端。
通过采用上述技术方案，节省空间，便于同时进行加温和保温。
作为优选，所述装罐封口腔和食品杀菌腔之间设置有第一竖直隔板、水平隔板和第二竖直隔板，所述第一竖直隔板与食品杀菌主锅内侧的顶部连接，所述水平隔板分别连接第一竖直隔板和第二竖直隔板，所述第二竖直隔板与食品杀菌主锅内侧的底部连接，所述食品倒料位在水平隔板上。
作为优选，包括罐体杀菌附锅，所述罐体杀菌附锅平行食品杀菌主锅设置，所述罐体杀菌腔位于罐体杀菌附锅内，所述输送隧道腔连接食品杀菌主锅和罐体杀菌附锅。
作为优选，包括罐盖杀菌附锅，所述铝塑膜杀菌腔位于罐盖杀菌附锅内，所述食品杀菌主锅、罐盖杀菌附锅和罐体杀菌附锅上均设置有排气阀和泄气阀。
通过采用上述技术方案，保证生产过程的安全。
作为优选，所述第一蒸汽阀、第二蒸汽阀和第四蒸汽阀为薄膜阀，所述食品杀菌主锅和罐体杀菌附锅上分别设置有压力表。
通过采用上述技术方案，蒸汽输送的精度更高。
作为优选，所述食品杀菌主锅、罐盖杀菌附锅和罐体杀菌附锅上均设置有无菌氮气进气口。
通过采用上述技术方案，在装封过程中通入无菌氮气保证生产过程处于氮气环境下，保证装封过程的无菌环境，同时氮气从出罐口向外输送，保证生产环境没有细菌从出罐口进入。
本发明的第二目的是提供一种固态食品的无菌罐装方法，具有杀菌时间短、避免过度加热的优点。
本发明的第二技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：一种固态食品的无菌装罐封口方法，包括固态食品、罐体和铝塑膜分别通过高温蒸汽杀菌，固态食品、罐体和铝塑膜均处于连通的密闭空间内，该密闭空间具有一个出罐口，固态食品、罐体和铝塑膜同时通过蒸汽杀菌；在杀菌完成后，关闭蒸汽，对密闭空间通过夹层内的冷却水进行冷却，同时充入氮气使密闭空间的气压保持微正压，使得氮气始终从出罐口向外排出；当到达设定氮气气压后，控制固态食品、罐体和铝塑膜输送，将固态食品倒入罐体内，通过封口机将铝塑膜对罐体进行封口，封口后的罐体通过传送带向外传送。
作为优选，所述杀菌方法用于固态食品的封装和加工。
 有益效果
综上所述，为了缩短加热时间，改进罐头食品的口感，本发明把食品的热力杀菌放在罐装封口之前，让食品直接接触蒸汽，传热快，杀菌时间大大缩短，有效改进食品的口感；同时，装封食品的包装物，盖和罐体以及相关机械也在装封腔内被蒸汽加热杀菌，然后在无菌环境的腔内进行装罐和封口，确保食品达到商业无菌；食品被装进有多孔食品容器内，放在料架上，再把料架推进食品杀菌主锅的食品杀菌腔，开启食品杀菌腔的蒸汽阀门，对多孔食品容器内的食品进行杀菌，与此同时，开启罐盖杀菌附锅、罐体杀菌附锅和罐装封口腔的蒸汽阀，对罐体和盖体的材料进行杀菌，同时对装罐封口腔体内的封口装置（即封口机）也进行杀菌，每种食品经严格测试得出保险的杀菌公式，严格按公式编程控制全部阀门，实现全自动控制，蒸汽压力通过薄膜阀精准控制，系统有温度记录仪，每批次的杀菌记录保存3年，在完成杀菌过程后，关闭蒸汽阀门，打开锅体夹层冷却水阀门，对锅体进行冷却，同时开启无菌氮气阀，从无菌氮气进气口引入无菌氮气，当氮气压力达到预设值后，杀菌过程结束，开启装封程序，开动锅内的运动机构，包括食品的输送，罐体的输送，罐盖的输送以及封口机的运动机构（即第一传送装置、第二传送装置、第三传送装置和第四传送装置），实施装罐和封口的作业，通过精准控制，将多孔食品容器里的食品一对一地装入罐体，送到封口工位，精准控制封口压力和时间，保证封口质量，封口时把无菌氮气一同密封在罐内，使罐内食品在保存过程中处在无氧状态，通过一个出罐口，封好的罐头被送出灌装封口腔，氮气压力被精准控制，灌装封口腔保持微正压，始终有一股无菌气流延着出罐口的缝隙往外吹，避免细菌进入装罐封口腔，同时本系统为间歇式杀菌，也就是完成一锅的杀菌和装罐封口后，开启锅门，装进新的一批食品，进行下一个循环，这种系统做的罐头食品可以不含汤汁，表面干爽，商业无菌，能长期保存（2年以上）不被氧化变味（特别是油脂）。
 附图说明
图1是实施例的剖面示意图；
图2是试试的俯视图；
图中，1、食品杀菌主锅；11、食品杀菌腔；12、多孔食品容器；13、第一进料口；14、第一盖体；15、第一排气阀；16、第一蒸汽阀；17、冷却水夹层；171、进水口；172、出水口；2、装罐封口腔；21、出罐口；22、食品倒料位；221、第一竖直隔板；222、水平隔板；223、第二竖直隔板；23、第四蒸汽阀；24、封口机；3、罐体杀菌附锅；31、罐体杀菌腔；32、第二进料口；33、第二盖体；34、第二蒸汽阀；35、第二排气阀；36、输送隧道腔；4、罐盖杀菌附锅；41、铝塑膜杀菌腔；42、第三排气阀；44、第三进料口；45、第三盖体；5、泄气阀；6、无菌氮气进气口。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
实施例：
如图1和图2所示，一种固态食品的无菌罐装杀菌系统，包括固态食品输送杀菌部、装罐封口输送部、罐体杀菌输送部和封口材料输送杀菌部；其中固态食品输送杀菌部包括食品杀菌腔11、料架、多孔食品容器12、第一传送装置、第一进料口13、第一盖体14、氮气阀、第一排气阀15和第一蒸汽阀16，多孔食品容器12和传送装置位于食品杀菌腔11内，多孔食品容器12为一多孔浅盆，第一进料口13位于食品杀菌腔11的一端，第一盖体14打开和关闭第一进料口13，第一盖体14起到密封的作用，第一进料口13供食品放入食品杀菌腔11内，食品杀菌腔11内设置有冷却水夹层17，冷却水夹层17上连通有进水口171和出水口172，对食品杀菌主锅1进行降温，多孔食品容器12位于料架上，无菌氮气进气口6上设置有氮气阀，无菌氮气进气口6、第一排气阀15和第一蒸汽阀16分别与食品杀菌腔11连通，同时食品杀菌腔11位于食品杀菌主锅1内，同时食品杀菌腔11位于食品杀菌主锅1的后部，第一开口和第一盖体14位于食品杀菌主锅1的末端，其中第一传送装置可以是周向循环的传送带，多孔食品容器12固定在传送带上，第一传送装置的结构属于现有技术，同时可替代方案有多种，只需起到持续传送和储存的作用即可，因此不做赘述。
如图1和图2所示，罐体杀菌输送部包括罐体杀菌腔31、第二进料口32、第二盖体33、第二蒸汽阀34、第二排气阀35、第二传送装置和输送隧道腔36，第二进料口32设置在罐体杀菌腔31的一端，第二盖体33打开和关闭第二进料口32，第二蒸汽阀34与第二排气阀35分别与罐体杀菌腔31连通，输送隧道腔36的一端与罐体杀菌腔31连通，输送隧道腔36的另一端与装罐封口腔2连通，第二传送装置位于罐体杀菌腔31内，第二传送装置将罐体传送至输送隧道腔36内，罐体杀菌腔31位于罐体杀菌附锅3内，罐体杀菌附锅3平行食品杀菌主锅1设置，罐体杀菌腔31位于罐体杀菌附锅3内，输送隧道腔36连接食品杀菌主锅1和罐体杀菌附锅3，第二传送装置上装载罐体，第二传送装置可以采用传送带，起到将罐体传输至输送隧道腔36内的作用，第二传送带的结构在此不做赘述，同时输送隧道腔36内也可设置有传送带，或通过导杆对罐体进行传输，即将罐体传送至装罐封口腔2内。
如图1和图2所示，封口材料输送杀菌部包括第三排气阀42、铝塑膜杀菌腔41、第三进料口44、第三盖体45和第三传送装置，第三进料口44位于铝塑膜杀菌腔41的一端，第三盖体45打开和关闭第三进料口44，铝塑膜杀菌腔41的另一端与装罐封口腔2连通，第三排气阀42分别与铝塑膜杀菌腔41连通，第三传送装置位于铝塑膜杀菌腔41内，第三传送装置将铝塑膜从铝塑膜杀菌腔41向装罐封口腔2输送，铝塑膜杀菌腔41位于罐盖杀菌附锅4内，第三传送装置包括放卷轴、收卷轴以及张紧辊等机构，起到传输铝塑膜的作用，将铝塑膜输送至封口机24下方，第三传送装置属于现有技术，在此不做赘述。
装罐封口输送部包括装罐封口腔2、出罐口21、食品倒料位22、第四传送装置、第四蒸汽阀23、封口机24，装罐封口腔2位于食品杀菌主锅1的前部，出罐口21位于食品杀菌主锅1的前端，即出罐口21位于装罐封口腔2的一端，食品倒料位22在装罐封口腔2的另一端，第四蒸汽阀23装罐封口腔2连通，如图1和图2所示，第四传送装置为传送带，第四传送装置的末端位于食品倒料位22的底部，第四传送装置的前端位于出罐口21，封口机24位于第四传送装置的中部，第三传送装置位于第四传送装置的顶部，第二传送装置位于第四传送装置的侧面，食品倒料位22在第一传送装置的末端，食品杀菌主锅1、罐盖杀菌附锅4和罐体杀菌附锅3上均设置有泄气阀5。
如图1所示，装罐封口腔2和食品杀菌腔11之间设置有第一竖直隔板221、水平隔板222和第二竖直隔板223，第一竖直隔板221与食品杀菌主锅1内侧的顶部连接，水平隔板222分别连接第一竖直隔板221和第二竖直隔板223，并开有倒料口及门，第二竖直隔板223与食品杀菌主锅1内侧的底部连接，所述食品倒料位22在水平隔板222上，第一蒸汽阀16、第二蒸汽阀34、第四蒸汽阀23为薄膜阀，所述食品杀菌主锅1和罐体杀菌附锅3上分别设置有压力表，食品杀菌主锅1、罐盖杀菌附锅4和罐体杀菌附锅3上均设置有无菌氮气进气口6。
一种固态食品的无菌装罐杀菌方法，该杀菌方法用于固态食品的封装和加工，包括固态食品、罐体和铝塑膜分别通过高温蒸汽杀菌，固态食品、罐体和铝塑膜均处于连通的密闭空间内，该密闭空间具有一个出罐口21，固态食品、罐体和铝塑膜同时通过蒸汽杀菌；在杀菌完成后，关闭蒸汽，对密闭空间通过夹层内的冷却水进行冷却，同时充入氮气使密闭空间的气压保持微正压，使得氮气始终从出罐口21向外排出；当到达设定氮气气压后，控制固态食品、罐体和铝塑膜输送，将固态食品倒入罐体内，通过封口机24将铝塑膜对罐体进行封口，封口后的罐体通过传送带向外传送。
工作原理：
该一体化的杀菌和装封系统包括食品杀菌主锅1，罐体杀菌附锅3，罐盖杀菌附锅4以及联接3锅的装罐封口腔，各锅体分别有蒸汽进气口，排气口，泄气口以及无菌氮气进口，食品被装进有多孔食品容器12内，放在料架上，再把料架推进食品杀菌主锅1的食品杀菌腔11，开启食品杀菌腔11的蒸汽阀门，对多孔食品容器12内的食品进行杀菌，与此同时，开启罐盖杀菌附锅4、罐体杀菌附锅3和罐装封口腔的蒸汽阀，对罐体和盖体的材料进行杀菌，同时对装罐封口腔2体内的封口装置（即封口机24）也进行杀菌，每种食品经严格测试得出保险的杀菌公式，严格按公式编程控制全部阀门，实现全自动控制，蒸汽压力通过薄膜阀精准控制，系统有温度记录仪，每批次的杀菌记录保存3年，在完成杀菌过程后，关闭蒸汽阀门，打开锅体夹层冷却水阀门，对锅体进行冷却，同时开启无菌氮气阀，从无菌氮气进气口6引入无菌氮气，当氮气压力达到预设值后，杀菌过程结束，开启装封程序，开动锅内的运动机构，包括食品的输送，罐体的输送，罐盖的输送以及封口机24的运动机构（即第一传送装置、第二传送装置、第三传送装置和第四传送装置），实施装罐和封口的作业，通过精准控制，将多孔食品容器12里的食品一对一地装入罐体，送到封口工位，精准控制封口压力和时间，保证封口质量，封口时把无菌氮气一同密封在罐内，使罐内食品在保存过程中处在无氧状态，通过一个出罐口21，封好的罐头被送出灌装封口腔2，氮气压力被精准控制，装罐封口腔2保持微正压，始终有一股无菌气流延着出罐口21的缝隙往外吹，避免细菌进入装罐封口腔2，同时本系统为间歇式杀菌，也就是完成一锅的杀菌和罐装封口后，开启锅门，装进新的一批食品，进行下一个循环，这种系统做的罐头食品可以不含汤汁，表面干爽，商业无菌，能长期保存（2年以上）不被氧化变味（特别是油脂）。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种固态食品的无菌装罐杀菌系统，其特征在于：包括固态食品输送杀菌部、装罐封口输送部、罐体杀菌输送部和封口材料输送杀菌部；所述固态食品输送杀菌部包括食品杀菌腔(11)、料架、多孔食品容器(12)、第一传送装置、第一进料口(13)、第一盖体(14)、氮气阀、第一排气阀(15)和第一蒸汽阀(16)，所述多孔食品容器(12)和传送装置位于食品杀菌腔(11)内，所述第一进料口(13)位于食品杀菌腔(11)的一端，所述第一盖体(14)打开和关闭第一进料口(13)，所述多孔食品容器(12)位于料架上，所述氮气阀、第一排气阀(15)和第一蒸汽阀(16)分别与食品杀菌腔(11)连通；
    所述罐体杀菌输送部包括罐体杀菌腔(31)、第二进料口(32)、第二盖体(33)、第二蒸汽阀(34)、第二排气阀(35)、第二传送装置和输送隧道腔(36)，所述第二进料口(32)设置在罐体杀菌腔(31)的一端，所述第二盖体(33)打开和关闭第二进料口(32)，所述第二蒸汽阀(34)与第二排气阀(35)分别与罐体杀菌腔(31)连通，所述输送隧道腔(36)的一端与罐体杀菌腔(31)连通，所述输送隧道腔(36)的另一端与灌装封口腔(2)连通，所述第二传送装置位于罐体杀菌腔(31)内，所述第二传送装置将罐体传送至输送隧道腔(36)内；
    所述封口材料输送杀菌部包括第三泄气阀(43)、铝塑膜杀菌腔(41)、第三进料口(44)、第三盖体(45)和第三传送装置，所述第三进料口(44)位于铝塑膜杀菌腔(41)的一端，所述第三盖体(45)打开和关闭第三进料口(44)，所述铝塑膜杀菌腔(41)的另一端与装罐封口腔(2)连通，所述第三泄气阀(43)与铝塑膜杀菌腔(41)连通，所述第三传送装置位于铝塑膜杀菌腔(41)内，所述第三传送装置将铝塑膜从铝塑膜杀菌腔(41)向灌装封口腔(2)输送；
    所述装罐封口输送部包括装罐封口腔(2)、出罐口(21)、食品倒料位(22)、第四传送装置、第四蒸汽阀(23)和封口机(24)，所述出罐口(21)位于灌装封口腔(2)的一端，所述食品倒料位(22)在灌装封口腔(2)的另一端之上方，所述第四蒸汽阀(23)与灌装封口腔(2)连通，所述第四传送装置的末端位于食品倒料位(22)的底部，所述第四传送装置的前端位于出罐口(21)外且经过出罐口(21)，所述封口机(24)位于第四传送装置的中部，所述第三传送装置位于第四传送装置的顶部，所述第二传送装置位于第四传送装置的侧面，所述食品倒料位(22)在第一传送装置的末端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的固态食品的无菌罐装杀菌系统，其特征在于：所述食品杀菌腔(11)内设置有冷却水夹层(17)，所述冷却水夹层(17)上连通有进水口(171)和出水口(172)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的固态食品的无菌罐装杀菌系统，其特征在于：包括食品杀菌主锅(1)，所述灌装封口腔(2)位于食品杀菌主锅(1)的前部，所述食品杀菌腔(11)位于食品杀菌主锅(1)的后部，所述第一进料口(13)和第一盖体(14)位于食品杀菌主锅(1)的末端，所述出罐口(21)位于食品杀菌主锅(1)的前端。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的固态食品的无菌罐装杀菌系统，其特征在于：所述灌装封口腔(2)和食品杀菌腔(11)之间设置有第一竖直隔板(221)、水平隔板(222)和第二竖直隔板(223)，所述第一竖直隔板(221)与食品杀菌主锅(1)内侧的顶部连接，所述水平隔板(222)分别连接第一竖直隔板(221)和第二竖直隔板(223)，所述第二竖直隔板(223)与食品杀菌主锅(1)内侧的底部连接，所述食品倒料位(22)在水平隔板(222)上，在水平隔板上开有倒料孔和孔门。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的固态食品的无菌罐装杀菌系统，其特征在于：包括罐体杀菌附锅(3)，所述罐体杀菌附锅(3)平行食品杀菌主锅(1)设置，所述罐体杀菌腔(31)位于罐体杀菌附锅(3)内，所述输送隧道腔(36)连接食品杀菌主锅(1)和罐体杀菌附锅(3)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的固态食品的无菌罐装杀菌系统，其特征在于：包括罐盖杀菌附锅(4)，所述铝塑膜杀菌腔(41)位于罐盖杀菌附锅(4)内，所述食品杀菌主锅(1)、罐盖杀菌附锅(4)和罐体杀菌附锅(3)上均设置有泄气阀(5)。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的固态食品的无菌罐装杀菌系统，其特征在于：所述第一蒸汽阀(16)、第二蒸汽阀(34)和第三蒸汽阀(23)为薄膜阀，所述食品杀菌主锅(1)和罐体杀菌附锅(3)上分别设置有压力表。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的固态食品的无菌罐装杀菌系统，其特征在于：所述食品杀菌主锅(1)、罐盖杀菌附锅(4)和罐体杀菌附锅(3)上均设置有无菌氮气进气口(6)。
  9. 一种固态食品的无菌装罐杀菌方法，其特征在于：关闭倒料门，固态食品腔（1）成为单独单元进行高温蒸汽杀菌，罐体腔（3）和铝塑膜腔（4）以及装罐封口腔（2）通过同一联通的腔体进行高温蒸汽杀菌，罐体和铝塑膜均处于连通的密闭空间内，该密闭空间具有一个出罐口(21)，杀菌时出罐口门关闭，罐体和铝塑膜以及装罐封口机同时通过蒸汽杀菌；在杀菌完成后，关闭蒸汽，对食品腔和装罐封口腔分别通过夹层内的冷却水进行冷却，同时充入氮气使密闭空间的气压保持微正压，当到达设定氮气气压后，打开出罐门和倒料门，氮气始终从出罐口(21)向外排出；控制固态食品、罐体和铝塑膜输送，将固态食品倒入罐体内，通过封口机(24)将铝塑膜对罐体进行封口，封口后的罐体通过传送带向外传送。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的固态食品的无菌装罐杀菌方法，其特征在于：所述杀菌方法用于固态食品的商业无菌封装和加工。
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