WO2022244642A1 - センサモジュール、電池パック - Google Patents
センサモジュール、電池パック Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022244642A1 WO2022244642A1 PCT/JP2022/019728 JP2022019728W WO2022244642A1 WO 2022244642 A1 WO2022244642 A1 WO 2022244642A1 JP 2022019728 W JP2022019728 W JP 2022019728W WO 2022244642 A1 WO2022244642 A1 WO 2022244642A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- strain
- sensor module
- resistor
- layer
- housing
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
- G01B7/20—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance formed by printed-circuit technique
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to sensor modules and battery packs.
- the battery may expand due to a decrease in the life of the battery in the battery pack, causing leaks, etc. Therefore, in a battery pack, it is important to detect battery expansion, and various devices for detecting battery expansion have been proposed.
- One example is a device that detects internal pressure with a strain gauge placed in the inner space of a lithium secondary battery and displays the detected internal pressure on a display. This device can determine whether the lithium secondary battery is normal or abnormal by monitoring the displayed internal pressure (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a sensor module that can accurately detect the state of a battery.
- This sensor module includes a metal strain body adhered to the outer surface of a housing that accommodates a battery, a strain gauge having a Cr mixed phase film as a resistor provided on one surface of the strain body, and and a plurality of mutually-separated bonding regions bonded to the housing are defined on the other surface of the strain body, and the strain gauge is attached to the bonding region on one surface of the strain body. are arranged in non-opposing regions.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a battery pack according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a battery pack according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view (part 1) exemplifying how the housing is deformed due to the expansion of the battery
- 1 is a plan view illustrating a strain gauge according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a strain gauge according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a plan view illustrating a battery pack according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a battery pack according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view (part 2) exemplifying how the housing is deformed due to the expansion of the battery;
- the sensor module detects various states of the battery.
- the various states of the battery include, for example, contraction of the battery, presence or absence of protrusions and recesses, shape distribution, temperature, etc., in addition to expansion of the battery.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a battery pack according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the battery pack according to the first embodiment, showing a cross section along line AA in FIG.
- the battery pack 1 has a housing 10, a sensor module 20, and adhesive layers 31 and 32.
- the battery pack 1 is a battery pack in which a sensor module 20 is adhered to the outer surface of a housing 10 that houses batteries, and can be widely used in various electronic devices such as personal computers and smartphones, mobile terminals, and the like.
- the housing 10 is a case that houses a battery, and is made of metal or resin, for example. Members other than the battery, such as a circuit board and an external output terminal, may be accommodated inside the housing 10 .
- the battery housed in the housing 10 is, for example, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, and is housed in a plurality of batteries connected in parallel and/or series as appropriate.
- the sensor module 20 is a sensor that detects deformation of the housing 10 due to battery expansion.
- the sensor module 20 has a strain body 50 and a strain gauge 100 arranged on one surface of the strain body 50 with an adhesive layer 70 interposed therebetween.
- the strain-generating body 50 has a rectangular shape in a plan view, and is bent in an L shape in a cross-sectional view.
- the strain gauge 100 is provided on the upper surface of the L-shaped long side of the strain-generating body 50 in the vicinity of the bent portion where the long side and the short side of the L-shape are connected via the adhesive layer 70 . In other words, the strain gauge 100 is arranged above the corner where the upper surface and the side surface of the housing 10 are connected.
- the material of the adhesive layer 70 is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- epoxy resin, modified epoxy resin, silicone resin, modified silicone resin, urethane resin, modified urethane resin, etc. can be used.
- a double-sided tape may be used as the adhesive layer 70 .
- the thickness of the adhesive layer 70 is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- a plurality of mutually-separated adhesion areas to be adhered to the housing 10 are defined on the lower surface of the strain-generating body 50 .
- one bonding region is defined at each of the ends of the long sides and the ends of the short sides of the L-shape.
- An adhesive layer 32 is provided in the adhesive area on the side.
- the L-shaped bent portion is a non-adhesive region that is not adhered to the housing 10 .
- the long side of the L-shape of the strain-generating body 50 is adhered to the upper surface of the housing 10 via an adhesive layer 31 , and the short side of the L-shape of the strain-generating body 50 is bonded to the housing 10 via an adhesive layer 32 .
- is glued to the side of the Adhesive layers 31 and 32 may be similar to adhesive layer 70, for example.
- the strain gauge 100 On the side of the strain body 50 opposite to the area where the strain gauge 100 is arranged (on the housing 10 side), no adhesive layer is arranged and a space S is provided.
- the strain gauge 100 is arranged on the upper surface of the strain body 50 in a region that does not face the bonding region. Since the space S is provided, the strain body 50 can be easily expanded and contracted as the housing 10 is deformed due to the expansion of the battery. can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the strain-generating body 50 is made of metal.
- a material of the strain generating body 50 for example, SUS (stainless steel), Al, Fe, or the like can be used. Among these, it is preferable to use SUS from the viewpoint of low height and easiness of correcting the strain gauge for the strain-generating body.
- the thickness of the strain generating body 50 can be, for example, about 0.05 mm or more and 0.2 mm or less. By setting the thickness of the strain generating body 50 to 0.05 mm or more, necessary rigidity can be obtained and the space S can be secured. By setting the thickness of the strain-generating body 50 to 0.2 mm or less, the strain-generating body 50 can expand and contract sufficiently.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view (part 1) illustrating how the housing is deformed due to the expansion of the battery. As shown in FIG. 3, for example, when gas is generated inside a battery placed in the housing 10, the battery expands, the central portion of the upper and lower surfaces of the housing 10 swells, and the corners are also deformed. Then, distortion occurs in the central portion and corner portions of the housing 10 .
- the strain body 50 is also deformed as the housing 10 is deformed due to the expansion of the battery.
- the resistance value of the strain gauge 100 changes, and deformation of the housing 10 can be detected. That is, it is possible to detect the expansion of the battery accommodated inside the housing 10 .
- a space S is provided between the lower surface of the strain-generating body 50 and the housing 10 , and the strain gauge 100 is attached to the bonding area on the upper surface of the strain-generating body 50 .
- strain gauge 100 will be explained.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating the strain gauge according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the strain gauge according to the first embodiment, showing a cross section along line BB in FIG. 4 and 5, the strain gauge 100 has a substrate 110, a resistor 130, wiring 140, electrodes 150, and a cover layer 160.
- FIG. 4 only the outer edge of the cover layer 160 is shown with a dashed line for convenience. Note that the cover layer 160 may be provided as necessary.
- the base material 110 is a member that serves as a base layer for forming the resistor 130 and the like, and has flexibility.
- the thickness of the base material 110 is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. In particular, when the thickness of the base material 110 is 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, the transmission of strain from the surface of the strain generating body bonded to the lower surface of the base material 110 via an adhesive layer or the like, and the dimensional stability against the environment.
- the thickness is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and more preferable from the viewpoint of insulation.
- the substrate 110 is made of, for example, PI (polyimide) resin, epoxy resin, PEEK (polyetheretherketone) resin, PEN (polyethylene naphthalate) resin, PET (polyethylene terephthalate) resin, PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) resin, LCP (liquid crystal It can be formed from an insulating resin film such as polymer) resin, polyolefin resin, or the like. Note that the film refers to a flexible member having a thickness of about 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the base material 110 may be formed from an insulating resin film containing a filler such as silica or alumina, for example.
- Materials other than the resin of the base material 110 include, for example, SiO 2 , ZrO 2 (including YSZ), Si, Si 2 N 3 , Al 2 O 3 (including sapphire), ZnO, perovskite ceramics (CaTiO 3 , BaTiO 3 ) and other crystalline materials, as well as amorphous glass and the like.
- a metal such as aluminum, an aluminum alloy (duralumin), or titanium may be used.
- an insulating film is formed on the base material 110 made of metal.
- the resistor 130 is a thin film formed in a predetermined pattern on the base material 110, and is a sensing part that undergoes a change in resistance when subjected to strain.
- the resistor 130 may be formed directly on the upper surface 110a of the base material 110, or may be formed on the upper surface 110a of the base material 110 via another layer.
- the resistor 130 is shown with a dark pear-skin pattern for the sake of convenience.
- the resistor 130 has a plurality of elongated portions arranged in the same longitudinal direction (the direction of line BB in FIG. 4) at predetermined intervals, and the ends of adjacent elongated portions are alternately connected. , is a zigzag folding structure as a whole.
- the longitudinal direction of the elongated portions is the grid direction, and the direction perpendicular to the grid direction is the grid width direction (the direction perpendicular to line BB in FIG. 4).
- One ends in the longitudinal direction of the two elongated portions located on the outermost side in the grid width direction are bent in the grid width direction to form respective ends 130e 1 and 130e 2 of the resistor 130 in the grid width direction.
- Each end 130 e 1 and 130 e 2 of the resistor 130 in the grid width direction is electrically connected to the electrode 150 via the wiring 140 .
- the wiring 140 electrically connects the ends 130e 1 and 130e 2 of the resistor 130 in the grid width direction and each electrode 150 .
- the resistor 130 can be made of, for example, a material containing Cr (chromium), a material containing Ni (nickel), or a material containing both Cr and Ni. That is, the resistor 130 can be made of a material containing at least one of Cr and Ni.
- Materials containing Cr include, for example, a Cr mixed phase film.
- Materials containing Ni include, for example, Cu—Ni (copper nickel).
- Materials containing both Cr and Ni include, for example, Ni—Cr (nickel chromium).
- the Cr mixed phase film is a film in which Cr, CrN, Cr 2 N, or the like is mixed.
- the Cr mixed phase film may contain unavoidable impurities such as chromium oxide.
- the thickness of the resistor 130 is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the crystallinity of the crystal for example, the crystallinity of ⁇ -Cr
- the thickness of the resistor 130 is 1 ⁇ m or less in that cracks in the film caused by internal stress of the film constituting the resistor 130 and warping from the base material 110 can be reduced.
- the width of the resistor 130 can be optimized with respect to the required specifications such as the resistance value and the lateral sensitivity, and can be set to, for example, about 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m in consideration of disconnection countermeasures.
- the stability of gauge characteristics can be improved by using ⁇ -Cr (alpha chromium), which is a stable crystal phase, as the main component.
- the gauge factor of the strain gauge 100 is 10 or more, and the temperature coefficient of gauge factor TCS and the temperature coefficient of resistance TCR are in the range of -1000 ppm/°C to +1000 ppm/°C.
- the term "main component" means that the target material accounts for 50% by weight or more of all the materials constituting the resistor. It preferably contains 90% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more.
- ⁇ -Cr is Cr with a bcc structure (body-centered cubic lattice structure).
- the resistor 130 is a Cr mixed phase film
- CrN and Cr 2 N contained in the Cr mixed phase film be 20% by weight or less.
- CrN and Cr 2 N contained in the Cr mixed phase film are 20% by weight or less, a decrease in gauge factor can be suppressed.
- the ratio of Cr 2 N in CrN and Cr 2 N is preferably 80% by weight or more and less than 90% by weight, more preferably 90% by weight or more and less than 95% by weight.
- the ratio of Cr 2 N in CrN and Cr 2 N is 90% by weight or more and less than 95% by weight, the decrease in TCR (negative TCR) becomes more pronounced due to Cr 2 N having semiconducting properties. .
- by reducing ceramicization brittle fracture is reduced.
- the wiring 140 is formed on the base material 110 and electrically connected to the resistor 130 and the electrode 150 .
- the wiring 140 has a first metal layer 141 and a second metal layer 142 laminated on the upper surface of the first metal layer 141 .
- the wiring 140 is not limited to a straight line, and may have any pattern. Also, the wiring 140 can be of any width and any length.
- the wiring 140 and the electrode 150 are shown with a pear-skin pattern that is thinner than the resistor 130 for the sake of convenience.
- the electrode 150 is formed on the base material 110 and electrically connected to the resistor 130 via the wiring 140.
- the electrode 150 is wider than the wiring 140 and formed in a substantially rectangular shape.
- the electrodes 150 are a pair of electrodes for outputting to the outside the change in the resistance value of the resistor 130 caused by strain, and for example, a lead wire for external connection, a flexible substrate, or the like is joined.
- the substrate 110 and the wiring 140 may be stretched so that the electrode 150 is positioned at the end of the strain body 50 . This facilitates electrical connection between the electrode 150 and the outside.
- the electrode 150 has a pair of first metal layers 151 and a second metal layer 152 laminated on the upper surface of each first metal layer 151 .
- the first metal layer 151 is electrically connected to the ends 130e 1 and 130e 2 of the resistor 130 via the first metal layer 141 of the wiring 140 .
- the first metal layer 151 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape in plan view.
- the first metal layer 151 may be formed to have the same width as the wiring 140 .
- the resistor 130, the first metal layer 141, and the first metal layer 151 are denoted by different symbols for convenience, they can be integrally formed from the same material in the same process. Therefore, the resistor 130, the first metal layer 141, and the first metal layer 151 have substantially the same thickness.
- the second metal layer 142 and the second metal layer 152 are given different symbols for the sake of convenience, they can be integrally formed from the same material in the same process. Therefore, the second metal layer 142 and the second metal layer 152 have substantially the same thickness.
- the second metal layers 142 and 152 are made of a material with lower resistance than the resistor 130 (the first metal layers 141 and 151).
- the materials for the second metal layers 142 and 152 are not particularly limited as long as they have lower resistance than the resistor 130, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the material of the second metal layers 142 and 152 is Cu, Ni, Al, Ag, Au, Pt, etc., or an alloy of any of these metals, or any of these. or a laminated film obtained by appropriately laminating any of these metals, alloys, or compounds.
- the thickness of the second metal layers 142 and 152 is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, but can be, for example, about 3 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the second metal layers 142 and 152 may be formed on part of the top surfaces of the first metal layers 141 and 151 or may be formed on the entire top surfaces of the first metal layers 141 and 151 .
- One or more other metal layers may be laminated on the upper surface of the second metal layer 152 .
- a copper layer may be used as the second metal layer 152, and a gold layer may be laminated on the upper surface of the copper layer.
- a copper layer may be used as the second metal layer 152, and a palladium layer and a gold layer may be sequentially laminated on the upper surface of the copper layer. Solder wettability of the electrode 150 can be improved by using a gold layer as the top layer of the electrode 150 .
- the wiring 140 has a structure in which the second metal layer 142 is laminated on the first metal layer 141 made of the same material as the resistor 130 . Therefore, since the wiring 140 has a lower resistance than the resistor 130, the wiring 140 can be prevented from functioning as a resistor. As a result, the accuracy of strain detection by the resistor 130 can be improved.
- the wiring 140 having a resistance lower than that of the resistor 130 it is possible to limit the substantial sensing portion of the strain gauge 100 to the local area where the resistor 130 is formed. Therefore, the strain detection accuracy by the resistor 130 can be improved.
- the wiring 140 has a lower resistance than the resistor 130, and the resistor 130 is formed as a substantial sensing part. Restricting to a local region exhibits a significant effect in improving strain detection accuracy. Further, making the wiring 140 lower in resistance than the resistor 130 also has the effect of reducing lateral sensitivity.
- a cover layer 160 is formed on the base material 110 to cover the resistors 130 and the wirings 140 and expose the electrodes 150 .
- a portion of the wiring 140 may be exposed from the cover layer 160 .
- the cover layer 160 can be made of insulating resin such as PI resin, epoxy resin, PEEK resin, PEN resin, PET resin, PPS resin, composite resin (eg, silicone resin, polyolefin resin).
- the cover layer 160 may contain fillers and pigments.
- the thickness of the cover layer 160 is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the base material 110 is prepared, and a metal layer (referred to as metal layer A for convenience) is formed on the upper surface 110a of the base material 110.
- the metal layer A is a layer that is finally patterned to become the resistor 130 , the first metal layer 141 and the first metal layer 151 . Therefore, the material and thickness of the metal layer A are the same as those of the resistor 130, the first metal layer 141, and the first metal layer 151 described above.
- the metal layer A can be formed, for example, by magnetron sputtering using a raw material capable of forming the metal layer A as a target.
- the metal layer A may be formed by using a reactive sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, an arc ion plating method, a pulse laser deposition method, or the like instead of the magnetron sputtering method.
- a functional layer having a predetermined thickness is vacuum-formed on the upper surface 110a of the base material 110 as a base layer by conventional sputtering, for example. is preferred.
- a functional layer refers to a layer having a function of promoting crystal growth of at least the upper metal layer A (resistor 130).
- the functional layer preferably further has a function of preventing oxidation of the metal layer A due to oxygen and moisture contained in the base material 110 and a function of improving adhesion between the base material 110 and the metal layer A.
- the functional layer may also have other functions.
- the insulating resin film that constitutes the base material 110 contains oxygen and moisture, especially when the metal layer A contains Cr, Cr forms a self-oxidizing film. Being prepared helps.
- the material of the functional layer is not particularly limited as long as it has a function of promoting the crystal growth of at least the upper metal layer A (resistor 130), and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Chromium), Ti (titanium), V (vanadium), Nb (niobium), Ta (tantalum), Ni (nickel), Y (yttrium), Zr (zirconium), Hf (hafnium), Si (silicon), C ( carbon), Zn (zinc), Cu (copper), Bi (bismuth), Fe (iron), Mo (molybdenum), W (tungsten), Ru (ruthenium), Rh (rhodium), Re (rhenium), Os ( osmium), Ir (iridium), Pt (platinum), Pd (palladium), Ag (silver), Au (gold), Co (cobalt), Mn (manganese), Al (aluminum) 1 selected from the group consisting of Metal or metals, alloys of any of this group of
- Examples of the above alloy include FeCr, TiAl, FeNi, NiCr, CrCu, and the like.
- Examples of the above compounds include TiN, TaN , Si3N4 , TiO2 , Ta2O5 , SiO2 and the like.
- the thickness of the functional layer is preferably 1/20 or less of the thickness of the resistor. Within this range, it is possible to promote the crystal growth of ⁇ -Cr, and to prevent a part of the current flowing through the resistor from flowing through the functional layer, thereby preventing a decrease in strain detection sensitivity.
- the thickness of the functional layer is more preferably 1/50 or less of the thickness of the resistor. Within this range, it is possible to promote the crystal growth of ⁇ -Cr, and further prevent the deterioration of the strain detection sensitivity due to part of the current flowing through the resistor flowing through the functional layer.
- the thickness of the functional layer is more preferably 1/100 or less of the thickness of the resistor. Within such a range, it is possible to further prevent a decrease in strain detection sensitivity due to part of the current flowing through the resistor flowing through the functional layer.
- the film thickness of the functional layer is preferably 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m. Within such a range, the crystal growth of ⁇ -Cr can be promoted, and the film can be easily formed without causing cracks in the functional layer.
- the thickness of the functional layer is more preferably 1 nm to 0.8 ⁇ m. Within such a range, the crystal growth of ⁇ -Cr can be promoted, and the functional layer can be formed more easily without cracks.
- the thickness of the functional layer is more preferably 1 nm to 0.5 ⁇ m. Within such a range, the crystal growth of ⁇ -Cr can be promoted, and the functional layer can be formed more easily without cracks.
- the planar shape of the functional layer is, for example, patterned to be substantially the same as the planar shape of the resistor shown in FIG.
- the planar shape of the functional layer is not limited to being substantially the same as the planar shape of the resistor. If the functional layer is made of an insulating material, it may not be patterned in the same planar shape as the resistor. In this case, the functional layer may be solidly formed at least in the region where the resistor is formed. Alternatively, the functional layer may be formed all over the top surface of the substrate 110 .
- the thickness and surface area of the functional layer can be increased by forming the functional layer relatively thick such that the thickness is 50 nm or more and 1 ⁇ m or less and forming the functional layer in a solid manner. Since the resistance increases, the heat generated by the resistor can be dissipated to the base material 110 side. As a result, in the strain gauge 100, deterioration in measurement accuracy due to self-heating of the resistor can be suppressed.
- the functional layer can be formed, for example, by conventional sputtering using a raw material capable of forming the functional layer as a target and introducing Ar (argon) gas into the chamber in a vacuum.
- Ar argon
- the functional layer is formed while etching the upper surface 110a of the substrate 110 with Ar, so that the amount of film formation of the functional layer can be minimized and the effect of improving adhesion can be obtained.
- the functional layer may be formed by other methods.
- the upper surface 110a of the substrate 110 is activated by a plasma treatment using Ar or the like to obtain an adhesion improvement effect, and then the functional layer is vacuum-formed by magnetron sputtering. You may use the method to do.
- the combination of the material of the functional layer and the material of the metal layer A is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. It is possible to form a Cr mixed phase film as a main component.
- the metal layer A can be formed by magnetron sputtering using a raw material capable of forming a Cr mixed-phase film as a target and introducing Ar gas into the chamber.
- the metal layer A may be formed by reactive sputtering using pure Cr as a target, introducing an appropriate amount of nitrogen gas into the chamber together with Ar gas.
- the introduction amount and pressure (nitrogen partial pressure) of nitrogen gas and adjusting the heating temperature by providing a heating process by changing the introduction amount and pressure (nitrogen partial pressure) of nitrogen gas and adjusting the heating temperature by providing a heating process, the ratio of CrN and Cr 2 N contained in the Cr mixed phase film, and the ratio of CrN and Cr The proportion of Cr2N in 2N can be adjusted.
- the growth surface of the Cr mixed phase film is defined by the functional layer made of Ti, and a Cr mixed phase film whose main component is ⁇ -Cr, which has a stable crystal structure, can be formed.
- the diffusion of Ti constituting the functional layer into the Cr mixed phase film improves the gauge characteristics.
- the strain gauge 100 can have a gauge factor of 10 or more and a temperature coefficient of gauge factor TCS and a temperature coefficient of resistance TCR within the range of -1000 ppm/°C to +1000 ppm/°C.
- the Cr mixed phase film may contain Ti or TiN (titanium nitride).
- the functional layer made of Ti has the function of promoting the crystal growth of the metal layer A and the function of preventing oxidation of the metal layer A due to oxygen and moisture contained in the base material 110. , and the function of improving the adhesion between the base material 110 and the metal layer A.
- Ta, Si, Al, or Fe is used as the functional layer instead of Ti.
- the functional layer below the metal layer A in this manner, it is possible to promote the crystal growth of the metal layer A, and the metal layer A having a stable crystal phase can be produced. As a result, in the strain gauge 100, the stability of gauge characteristics can be improved. In addition, by diffusing the material forming the functional layer into the metal layer A, the gauge characteristics of the strain gauge 100 can be improved.
- a second metal layer 142 and a second metal layer 152 are formed on the upper surface of the metal layer A.
- the second metal layer 142 and the second metal layer 152 can be formed by photolithography, for example.
- a seed layer is formed so as to cover the upper surface of the metal layer A by, for example, sputtering or electroless plating.
- a photosensitive resist is formed on the entire upper surface of the seed layer, exposed and developed to form openings exposing regions where the second metal layers 142 and 152 are to be formed.
- the pattern of the second metal layer 142 can be made into an arbitrary shape by adjusting the shape of the opening of the resist.
- the resist for example, a dry film resist or the like can be used.
- a second metal layer 142 and a second metal layer 152 are formed on the seed layer exposed in the opening, for example, by electroplating using the seed layer as a power supply path.
- the electroplating method is suitable in that the tact time is high and low-stress electroplating layers can be formed as the second metal layer 142 and the second metal layer 152 .
- the strain gauge 100 can be prevented from warping by reducing the stress of the thick electroplated layer.
- the second metal layer 142 and the second metal layer 152 may be formed by electroless plating.
- the resist can be removed, for example, by immersing it in a solution capable of dissolving the material of the resist.
- a photosensitive resist is formed on the entire upper surface of the seed layer, exposed and developed, and patterned into a planar shape similar to the resistor 130, wiring 140, and electrode 150 in FIG.
- the resist for example, a dry film resist or the like can be used.
- the metal layer A and the seed layer exposed from the resist are removed to form the planar resistor 130, the wiring 140 and the electrode 150 shown in FIG.
- wet etching can remove unnecessary portions of the metal layer A and the seed layer.
- the functional layer is patterned by etching into the planar shape shown in FIG. At this point, a seed layer is formed on the resistor 130, the first metal layer 141, and the first metal layer 151. Next, as shown in FIG.
- the unnecessary seed layer can be removed by wet etching using an etchant that etches the seed layer but does not etch the functional layer, resistor 130 , wiring 140 , and electrode 150 .
- the strain gauge 100 is completed by providing a cover layer 160 that covers the resistor 130 and the wiring 140 and exposes the electrodes 150 on the upper surface 110a of the base material 110, if necessary.
- a cover layer 160 for example, a semi-cured thermosetting insulating resin film is laminated on the upper surface 110a of the base material 110 so as to cover the resistor 130 and the wiring 140 and expose the electrodes 150, and is cured by heating.
- the cover layer 160 is formed by coating the upper surface 110a of the base material 110 with a liquid or paste thermosetting insulating resin so as to cover the resistor 130 and the wiring 140 and expose the electrodes 150, and heat and harden the resin. may be made.
- the Cr mixed phase film has high sensitivity. Therefore, by using the strain gauge 100 having the Cr mixed-phase film as the resistor 130 in the sensor module 20, the resistance to the expansion of the battery is reduced compared to the case where the resistor 130 is formed of Cu—Ni or Ni—Cr. sensitivity is greatly improved.
- the resistor 130 is formed of a Cr mixed phase film, the sensitivity of the resistance value to battery expansion is about 5 to 10 times higher than when the resistor 130 is formed of Cu—Ni or Ni—Cr. becomes. Therefore, by forming the resistor 130 from a Cr mixed-phase film, it is possible to accurately detect the expansion of the battery.
- ⁇ Second embodiment> an example of a sensor module having a different shape of strain bodies and a battery pack to which the sensor module is applied is shown.
- the description of the same components as those of the already described embodiment may be omitted.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating a battery pack according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the battery pack according to the second embodiment, showing a cross section along line CC of FIG.
- the battery pack 1A differs from the battery pack 1 (see FIGS. 1 to 3, etc.) in that the sensor module 20 is replaced with a sensor module 20A.
- the sensor module 20A is a sensor that detects deformation of the housing 10 due to battery expansion.
- the sensor module 20A has a strain body 50A and a strain gauge 100 arranged on one surface of the strain body 50A with an adhesive layer 70 interposed therebetween.
- the strain-generating body 50A is an elongated flat plate and is not bent like the strain-generating body 50 is.
- the strain body 50A has a substantially rectangular shape in plan view, but partially has a stress concentration portion 51 .
- the stress concentration portion 51 is a region formed such that the transverse cross-sectional area of the strain generating body 50A is smaller than other regions.
- the strain gauge 100 is arranged at the stress concentration portion 51 .
- the stress concentration portion 51 has two constrictions facing each other across the strain gauge 100 in a plan view.
- the stress concentration portion 51 is formed by providing two trapezoidal constrictions on the two long sides of the rectangle so as to face each other with the strain gauge 100 interposed therebetween.
- the position of the constriction is not necessarily limited to the vicinity of the center in the longitudinal direction of the strain body 50A, and may be provided at a position offset from the center.
- a constriction may be provided in the non-bonded area at a position close to the bonded area.
- a plurality of adhesion areas to be adhered to the housing 10 are defined on the lower surface of the strain body 50A.
- one bonding region is defined at each end in the longitudinal direction of the strain generating body 50A.
- a layer 32 is provided.
- regions other than both ends are non-bonded regions that are not bonded to the housing 10.
- the stress concentration portion 51 is provided in the non-adhesion region.
- the length of the region between the two bonded regions is preferably longer than the total length of the bonded regions. Since the strain gauge 100 can detect the strain in the non-bonded area, by lengthening the non-bonded area, the deformation of the housing 10 due to battery expansion can be detected in the longer area of the strain body 50A.
- the housing 10 is made of metal
- the strain gauge 100 is attached directly to the upper surface of the housing 10 without the strain-generating body 50A, only strain in the area where the strain gauge 100 is attached can be detected.
- the elongated strain-generating body 50A having the strain gauge 100 is attached to the upper surface of the housing 10 with both ends supported, it is possible to detect a wide range of strain between the two supported points.
- the strain gauge 100 is preferably arranged near the central portion of the stress concentration portion 51 on the upper surface of the strain generating body 50A. In other words, it is preferable that the strain gauge 100 is arranged on the upper surface of the strain generating body 50A in a region having the smallest transverse cross-sectional area among the stress concentration portions 51 .
- a space S is provided on the side opposite to the area where the strain gauges 100 of the strain body 50A are arranged (the housing 10 side).
- the strain gauge 100 is arranged in a region that does not face the bonding region on the upper surface of the strain body 50A. Since the space S is provided, the strain body 50A can easily expand and contract as the housing 10 deforms due to the expansion of the battery. can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the material and thickness of the strain body 50A can be the same as those of the strain body 50.
- the longitudinal length of the strain generating body 50A preferably matches the length of the housing 10. As a result, misalignment when the strain generating body 50A is attached to the housing 10 can be reduced.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view (part 2) illustrating how the housing is deformed due to the expansion of the battery. As shown in FIG. 8, for example, when gas is generated inside a battery placed in the housing 10, the battery expands, the central portion of the upper and lower surfaces of the housing 10 swells, and the corners are also deformed. Then, distortion occurs in the central portion and corner portions of the housing 10 .
- the strain body 50A is also deformed with the deformation of the housing 10 due to the expansion of the battery.
- the resistance value of the strain gauge 100 changes, and deformation of the housing 10 can be detected. That is, it is possible to detect the expansion of the battery accommodated inside the housing 10 .
- a space S is provided between the lower surface of the strain-generating body 50A and the housing 10, and the strain gauge 100 is attached to the bonding region on the upper surface of the strain-generating body 50A.
- the space S which is a region that does not face the .
- the strain gauge 100 in the stress concentration portion 51, it is possible to improve the detection sensitivity of the deformation of the housing 10 due to the expansion of the battery.
- a stress concentration portion may be provided in the L-shaped strain body 50 when viewed in cross section, and the strain gauge 100 may be arranged in the stress concentration portion.
- multiple sensor modules may be attached to one housing.
- one sensor module may have a plurality of strain gauges.
- one sensor module may have four strain gauges and they may be connected in a full bridge.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1実施形態に係る電池パックを例示する平面図である。図2は、第1実施形態に係る電池パックを例示する断面図であり、図1のA-A線に沿う断面を示している。
第2実施形態では、起歪体の形状が異なるセンサモジュール、およびこれを適用する電池パックの例を示す。なお、第2実施形態において、既に説明した実施形態と同一構成部についての説明は省略する場合がある。
Claims (11)
- 電池を収容する筐体の外面に接着される金属製の起歪体と、
前記起歪体の一方の面に設けられた、Cr混相膜を抵抗体とするひずみゲージと、を有し、
前記起歪体の他方の面に、前記筐体と接着される互いに離隔した複数の接着領域が画定され、
前記ひずみゲージは、前記起歪体の一方の面の前記接着領域とは対向しない領域に配置される、センサモジュール。 - 前記起歪体は、断面視でL字型である、請求項1に記載のセンサモジュール。
- 前記接着領域は、L字の長辺側と短辺側に1つずつ画定されている、請求項2に記載のセンサモジュール。
- L字の屈曲部は、前記筐体と接着されない非接着領域である、請求項2又は3に記載のセンサモジュール。
- 前記起歪体は、細長状の平板であり、
前記接着領域は、前記起歪体の長手方向の両端に1つずつ画定されている、請求項1に記載のセンサモジュール。 - 前記起歪体の長手方向の断面視において、2つの前記接着領域の間の領域の長さは、前記接着領域の合計の長さよりも長い、請求項5に記載のセンサモジュール。
- 前記起歪体の長手方向の長さは、前記筐体の長さと一致する、請求項5又は6に記載のセンサモジュール。
- 前記起歪体は、応力集中部を有し、
前記ひずみゲージは、前記応力集中部に配置されている、請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載のセンサモジュール。 - 前記応力集中部は、平面視で前記ひずみゲージを挟んで対向する2つの括れを有する、請求項8に記載のセンサモジュール。
- 前記接着領域に接着層が設けられている、請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載のセンサモジュール。
- 請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載のセンサモジュールが電池を収容する筐体の外面に接着された電池パック。
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CN202280047553.5A CN117597814A (zh) | 2021-05-17 | 2022-05-09 | 传感器模块、电池组 |
EP22804555.5A EP4354078A1 (en) | 2021-05-17 | 2022-05-09 | Sensor module and battery pack |
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JP2021082909A JP2022176461A (ja) | 2021-05-17 | 2021-05-17 | センサモジュール、電池パック |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002289265A (ja) | 2001-03-23 | 2002-10-04 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | リチウム二次電池の監視装置 |
WO2019065752A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-04 | ミネベアミツミ株式会社 | ひずみゲージ、センサモジュール |
WO2020045499A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-05 | ミネベアミツミ株式会社 | 電池パック |
JP2021082909A (ja) | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | 撮像装置および撮像装置の制御方法 |
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- 2022-05-09 WO PCT/JP2022/019728 patent/WO2022244642A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-05-09 EP EP22804555.5A patent/EP4354078A1/en active Pending
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Patent Citations (4)
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JP2002289265A (ja) | 2001-03-23 | 2002-10-04 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | リチウム二次電池の監視装置 |
WO2019065752A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-04 | ミネベアミツミ株式会社 | ひずみゲージ、センサモジュール |
WO2020045499A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-05 | ミネベアミツミ株式会社 | 電池パック |
JP2021082909A (ja) | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | 撮像装置および撮像装置の制御方法 |
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CN117597814A (zh) | 2024-02-23 |
EP4354078A1 (en) | 2024-04-17 |
JP2022176461A (ja) | 2022-11-30 |
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