WO2022244634A1 - 糊剤を繊維品に付与する方法、糊剤付き繊維品の製造方法、糊剤付き繊維品から糊剤を除去する方法、及び糊剤付き繊維品から繊維品を製造する方法 - Google Patents
糊剤を繊維品に付与する方法、糊剤付き繊維品の製造方法、糊剤付き繊維品から糊剤を除去する方法、及び糊剤付き繊維品から繊維品を製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022244634A1 WO2022244634A1 PCT/JP2022/019650 JP2022019650W WO2022244634A1 WO 2022244634 A1 WO2022244634 A1 WO 2022244634A1 JP 2022019650 W JP2022019650 W JP 2022019650W WO 2022244634 A1 WO2022244634 A1 WO 2022244634A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sizing
- carbon dioxide
- glue
- sizing agent
- supercritical carbon
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B9/00—Solvent-treatment of textile materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J3/00—Modifying the surface
- D02J3/18—Treating with particulate, semi-solid, or solid substances, e.g. wax
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
- D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
- D06M15/05—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
- D06M15/07—Cellulose esters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of applying a sizing agent to a textile product, a method of manufacturing a sizing-applied textile product, a method of removing the sizing agent from a sizing-applied textile product, and a method of producing a textile product from a sizing-applied textile product. .
- cotton fabrics are made by interlacing warp and weft threads. Therefore, the process of making textiles begins with dividing the raw yarn into warp and weft. Raw yarns divided into warp and weft are passed through various processes. Finally, it is put on the loom, and the finished fabric is inspected and sent to the finishing process.
- the main processes of cotton product manufacturing are spinning, sizing, weaving, desizing, refining, bleaching, dyeing and finishing.
- sizing, desizing/scouring, and dyeing use a large amount of water and discharge a large amount of wastewater. It is estimated that 20% of the world's wastewater is discharged from clothing manufacturing. As the reduction of the environmental burden is recognized as a major issue worldwide, there is a need for an environmentally friendly manufacturing process that solves such wastewater problems.
- supercritical carbon dioxide for fiber processing.
- a supercritical state is expressed in a state exceeding the critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Tp) unique to each compound.
- This state is called a supercritical fluid and has properties intermediate between those of gas and liquid.
- Tc critical temperature
- Tp critical pressure
- carbon dioxide has a Tc of 31.1°C and a Tp of 7.38 MPa, and can express a supercritical state under relatively mild conditions. It has the advantage of being readily available.
- supercritical carbon dioxide has the following properties: (1) near the critical temperature, the density changes greatly when the pressure is slightly changed; (2) due to its low viscosity and high diffusivity, it has excellent transport properties and can penetrate into substances.
- An object of the present invention is to realize an environment-friendly manufacturing process for textiles that solves the problem of wastewater by using a solvent instead of the conventionally used water in the sizing and/or desizing process of textiles. do.
- a method of applying a sizing agent to a textile product comprising: The above method, comprising the step of sizing the textile by contacting the textile with a fluid containing the sizing agent and supercritical carbon dioxide.
- a method for manufacturing a fiber product with a sizing agent comprising: The above method, comprising the step of contacting the textile with a fluid comprising a sizing agent and supercritical carbon dioxide to size the textile.
- a method for removing sizing from sizing-attached textiles comprising: The above method, comprising the step of contacting a fluid containing supercritical carbon dioxide with the sizing textile product to desize the sizing textile product.
- a method for manufacturing a textile product from a textile product with a sizing agent comprising: The above method, comprising the step of contacting a fluid containing supercritical carbon dioxide with the sizing textile product to desize the sizing textile product.
- the sizing agent contains cellulose acetate.
- the fluid further comprises a co-solvent.
- the co-solvent comprises acetone.
- the textile includes cotton yarn.
- the method of the present invention uses a solvent instead of the conventionally used water in the sizing and/or desizing steps of the textiles, thereby realizing an environmentally friendly manufacturing process for textiles that solves the wastewater problem. can.
- FIG. 1 is a temperature-pressure phase diagram of carbon dioxide.
- FIG. 2(a) is a photograph of a high-pressure container, and FIG. 2(b) is a photograph of a high-pressure container set in an oven.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the outline of the apparatus used in the examples.
- FIG. 4 is an SEM image of cotton yarn with no sizing agent attached.
- FIG. 5 is an SEM image of cotton yarn with about 3% starch paste attached.
- FIG. 6 is an SEM image of cotton yarn with 10.0% cellulose acetate attached.
- FIG. 7 is the SS curve of cotton yarn to which no sizing agent is adhered.
- FIG. 8 is the SS curve of cotton yarn with starch paste attached.
- FIG. 9 is the SS curve of cotton yarn to which cellulose acetate (manufactured by Sigma Aldrich) is attached.
- FIG. 10 is a graph comparing the SS curves for each cotton yarn shown in FIGS.
- One of the embodiments of the present application is a method of applying a sizing agent to a textile product, wherein the textile product is sized by contacting the textile product with a fluid containing the sizing agent and supercritical carbon dioxide.
- the above method comprising the steps of:
- a method for producing a textile product with a sizing agent comprising a step of contacting the textile product with a fluid containing a sizing agent and supercritical carbon dioxide to apply sizing to the textile product. the method comprising:
- textiles are not particularly limited, but include fibers, threads, fabrics, and the like.
- fibers include tows and the like before becoming yarns.
- Yarns are not particularly limited, but spun yarns, filament yarns, mixed twisted yarns obtained by twisting these yarns together, mixed spun yarns, and the like can be mentioned.
- Fabrics include woven and knitted fabrics using threads, non-woven fabrics, felts, and the like.
- the type of yarn is not particularly limited, but for example, vegetable fibers such as cotton and hemp, natural fibers such as animal fibers such as silk and wool, synthetic fibers such as polyester and acrylic, and semi-synthetic fibers such as acetate, triacetate, and Promix. Fibers, regenerated fibers such as rayon, polynosic, cupra and lyocell, and chemical fibers such as inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, metal fibers and carbon fibers can be used. Two or more of these yarns may be blended or twisted together. These yarns may be single yarns, two-ply yarns, triple yarns, or twisted yarns of four or more yarns. In the present embodiment, it is preferable to use cotton thread from the viewpoint of feel as a towel.
- the paste is not particularly limited, but includes cellulose acetate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, and the like. can be used.
- the sizing agent is preferably cellulose acetate.
- the viscosity of cellulose acetate is preferably 30 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 200 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa ⁇ s from the viewpoint of solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide, and 40 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 to 150 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of cellulose acetate can be measured using an Ostwald viscometer at 25°C.
- the degree of acetylation of cellulose acetate is preferably 55-62.5%.
- the acetylation degree of cellulose acetate can be measured, for example, by an alkaline saponification method (ASTM: D-817-91).
- the treatment conditions when the fluid containing the sizing agent and supercritical carbon dioxide is brought into contact with the textile product are not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of improving the sizing property, the temperature is 31 to 150 ° C. A pressure of 8 to 25 MPa and a time of 30 to 800 minutes can be used.
- the step of contacting the textile with the fluid comprising the sizing agent and supercritical carbon dioxide can be batch processing.
- the amount of sizing agent used is not particularly limited, but for example, when cotton yarn is used as a textile, from the viewpoint of improving sizing properties, it is preferable to use 1 to 5 g of sizing agent per 1 g of cotton yarn. .
- the fluid containing the paste and supercritical carbon dioxide may be prepared by placing the paste in the processing container in advance and feeding the supercritical carbon dioxide into the processing container.
- the fluid containing the glue and supercritical carbon dioxide may further contain a co-solvent.
- a co-solvent in the fluid, the solubility of the paste in the solvent (including supercritical carbon dioxide and the co-solvent) can be improved, and the gluing properties can be improved.
- acetone is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the solubility of the paste in the solvent (including supercritical carbon dioxide and the co-solvent) to improve the gluing properties.
- the co-solvent when a co-solvent is used, the co-solvent can be fed into the processing container separately from the supercritical carbon dioxide.
- the ratio (mol %) of the co-solvent to supercritical carbon dioxide is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of improving the solubility of the paste agent in the solvent and improving the gluing property, it is 5 to 15. Mole % is preferred.
- the adhesion rate (%) of the sizing agent in the sizing-attached textile product is not particularly limited, but can be 0.1 to 100%.
- the adhesion rate (%) of the paste can be calculated based on the formula (2) described in (4-1) of Example 2 below.
- the sizing-attached textile product obtained by the method of the present embodiment can exhibit high tensile strength.
- the sizing-attached textile product has high resistance to friction, and its tensile strength does not easily decrease even after a friction test.
- the method of the present embodiment can be used as a sizing process, which is one of fiber processing, and also can be used for spinning, weaving, desizing, refining, bleaching, dyeing, and finishing, which are other fiber processing steps. It can also be used in combination with a process.
- the method of applying a sizing agent to a textile product or the method of manufacturing a sizing-attached textile product according to the present embodiment is a method of removing a sizing agent from a sizing-attached textile product or removing a textile product from a sizing-attached textile product, which will be described later. It is also possible to combine the manufacturing methods into one method or manufacturing method.
- One of the embodiments of the present application is a method for removing a sizing agent from a textile article with a sizing agent, wherein a fluid containing supercritical carbon dioxide is brought into contact with the textile article with the sizing agent to remove the sizing agent from the fiber article with the sizing agent.
- the above method comprising the step of desizing the article.
- Another embodiment of the present application is a method of manufacturing a textile product from a sizing textile product, wherein a fluid containing supercritical carbon dioxide is brought into contact with the sizing textile product to obtain the sizing product.
- the above method comprising the step of desizing the textile.
- the textile product those described in the above [Method for applying sizing agent to textile product and method for producing sizing agent-attached textile product] can be used.
- the sizing agent is not particularly limited, but those described in the above [Method for applying sizing agent to textile product and method for producing sizing agent-attached textile product] can be used. From the viewpoint of solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide, the sizing agent is preferably cellulose acetate.
- the viscosity of cellulose acetate can use the numerical range described in the above [Method for applying sizing agent to textiles and manufacturing method for textiles with sizing agent].
- the sizing-attached textile product is not particularly limited, but one obtained by the method described in the above [Method for applying sizing agent to textile product and method for producing sizing-attached textile product] is used. can do.
- the treatment conditions for bringing the fluid containing supercritical carbon dioxide into contact with the sizing agent are not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of improving the desizing property, the temperature is 31 to 150°C. A pressure of 8 to 25 MPa and a time of 30 to 800 minutes can be used.
- the desizing step may be batch processing or continuous processing.
- the fluid containing supercritical carbon dioxide may further contain a co-solvent.
- a co-solvent in the fluid, the solubility of the paste in the solvent (including supercritical carbon dioxide and co-solvent) can be improved, and the desizing properties can be improved.
- the co-solvent is not particularly limited, and those described in the above [Method for applying sizing agent to textile product and method for producing sizing agent-attached textile product] can be used.
- acetone is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the solubility of the paste in the solvent (including supercritical carbon dioxide and the co-solvent) and improving the desizing property.
- the co-solvent when a co-solvent is used, the co-solvent can be fed into the processing container separately from the supercritical carbon dioxide.
- the ratio (mol%) of the co-solvent to supercritical carbon dioxide is not particularly limited. It is preferably 5 to 15 mol% from the viewpoint of improving the solubility in water and improving the desizing property.
- the flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide to the processing container is not particularly limited, but the solubility of the sizing agent in the solvent is improved and the sizing is performed. It is preferably 50 ml to 2000 ml, more preferably 100 ml to 1500 ml, per 1 g of fiber from the viewpoint of improving the pullability.
- the flow rate of the co-solvent to the processing container is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ml to 500 ml per 1 g of fiber. , 10 ml to 400 ml is more preferred.
- the removal rate (%) of the paste after desizing according to the method of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but can be 1 to 99%.
- the removal rate (%) of the paste can be calculated based on the formula (3) described in (4) of Example 3 below.
- the step of desizing can include bringing the metal ball and the sizing-attached textile product into contact with each other.
- the desizing property can be improved by bringing the metal balls into contact with the fiber article with the sizing agent.
- the material of the metal ball is not particularly limited, but stainless steel, steel, titanium, etc. can be used, and among these, stainless steel is preferable.
- the sizing fiber product is supported by a member such as a stand made of wire in the processing container, the fluid containing supercritical carbon dioxide can be removed by removing the member. It becomes easier to come into contact with the sizing-attached textile product, and the desizing property can be improved.
- the method of the present embodiment can be used as a desizing process, which is one of fiber processing, and also can be used for spinning, weaving, sizing, scouring/bleaching, dyeing, and finishing, which are other fiber processing steps. It can also be used in combination with a process. Further, the method of removing the sizing agent from the sizing-attached textile product or the method of manufacturing the textile product from the sizing-attached textile product of the present embodiment is the method of applying the sizing agent to the textile product or the sizing-attached textile product. It can also be combined with the manufacturing method of to make one method or manufacturing method.
- Example 1 Solubility test of various polymers in supercritical carbon dioxide
- Glue polymer
- starch paste and polyvinyl alcohol are typical examples of paste agents used in the manufacturing process of cotton products and the like.
- These sizing agents are hydrophilic polymers and are used by dissolving them in water.
- carbon dioxide is a non-polar substance and exhibits the property of dissolving hydrophobic polymers. Therefore, for sizing using supercritical carbon dioxide, it is preferable to use a sizing agent that is hydrophobic and highly soluble in carbon dioxide.
- polymers that are hydrophobic and have a similar structure to conventionally used starch pastes include polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl acetate, and cellulose acetate. Celluloses acetate) and polystyrene were prepared. In addition, polyvinyl alcohol was prepared as a glue agent (polymer) conventionally used. Details of these polymers are shown in Table 1 below.
- n in the table indicates the degree of polymerization (e.g. 8000 (n) is the degree of polymerization 8000), MW: weight average molecular weight, Mn: number average molecular weight
- FIGS. Figure 2 (a) shows a high-pressure container (EV-3-50-2/4 manufactured by JASCO Corporation, content 50 ml), and Figure 2 (b) shows the inside of an oven SCF-Sro manufactured by JASCO Corporation. It is a photograph which shows each said high pressure vessel set to.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an overview of the entire device. A liquid-sending pump for sending carbon dioxide (PU-2086 intelligent HPLC pump manufactured by JASCO Corporation) and a liquid-sending pump for sending acetone (PU-2080 intelligent HPLC pump manufactured by JASCO Corporation) were attached to the high-pressure vessel. .
- a cooling head was attached to the liquid feed pump for sending carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide was kept in a liquid phase by passing a refrigerant of -10°C or lower. Further, a fully automatic pressure control valve Model BP-2080 manufactured by JASCO Corporation was attached to the pressure release portion of the high-pressure vessel, and the pressure in the high-pressure vessel and the speed of releasing carbon dioxide were adjusted and kept constant. A liquefied carbon dioxide cylinder (Kind Gas Co., Ltd., purity of 99.5% or higher) was used as a carbon dioxide supply source.
- the valve of the high-pressure vessel was opened and the pressure was released to atmospheric pressure. After the pressure vessel was released, each sample was removed and weighed again. After that, the weight (g) of the glass filter containing the polymer before and after the treatment with the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is weighed, and the weight (g) of the glass filter is subtracted from the weight before the treatment with the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. and the weight (g) of the polymer after treatment with the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid were calculated respectively. Then, the solubility of each polymer in supercritical carbon dioxide was calculated based on the following formula (1).
- Table 2 shows the results of the solubility of each polymer in supercritical carbon dioxide calculated in (3) above.
- cellulose acetate had the highest solubility, showing a solubility value of 19.5%.
- the reason why cellulose acetate exhibits higher solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide than other polymers is considered to be due to the large effect of the acetyl groups in the side chains of cellulose acetate.
- Cellulose acetate has acetylated hydroxy groups, has many acetyl groups, and has low polarity. Such a difference in the polarity of the functional groups is thought to have contributed to the high solubility of cellulose acetate in supercritical carbon dioxide, which is a non-polar solvent. From the above results, it was found that cellulose acetate is a preferable sizing agent when sizing with supercritical carbon dioxide.
- Example 2 Gluing using supercritical carbon dioxide
- Glue (polymer) As the sizing agent (polymer), cellulose acetate, which showed high solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide in Example 1, was used.
- cellulose acetate As the cellulose acetate, the same cellulose acetate manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich as in Example 1 was used. The cellulose acetates used are shown in Table 3 below.
- the cotton thread after drying was isolated with a stand made of wire so as not to come into contact with a stirrer (stirrer tip), and placed in a high-pressure vessel.
- carbon dioxide was sent to the high-pressure container using a liquid-sending pump, and the inside of the high-pressure container was pressurized.
- the conditions for treating each cotton thread with a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid are (40 ° C, 10 MPa) or (100 ° C, 20 MPa), batch type for 30 minutes, and the inside of the high-pressure container with a magnetic stirrer.
- the treatment was carried out while stirring.
- the high-pressure vessel was decompressed to atmospheric pressure at a constant rate of 0.1 MPa/min. After releasing the pressure from the high-pressure container, each cotton thread was taken out, dried at 105° C. for 2 hours, and each cotton thread after drying was weighed.
- a sample for measurement was prepared by fixing the cotton thread to cardboard in such a manner that After setting the prepared sample in the desktop precision universal testing machine AGS-J (manufactured by SHIMADZU), cut and remove the center part leaving both ends (2 cm each) of the cardboard, and remove the grip part (both ends of the cardboard) A cotton yarn test piece having Then, a tensile test was performed on a test piece of each cotton thread under the condition of a tensile speed of 200 mm/min. A tensile test was performed 10 times for one type of cotton thread after sizing, and the average value was calculated. Tensile tests were similarly performed on cotton yarns to which no sizing agent was attached and cotton yarns to which about 3% by weight of starch paste was attached, and the average value was calculated.
- the cotton yarn was set in a desktop precision universal testing machine AGS-J (manufactured by SHIMADZU), and a tensile test was performed under the same conditions as in (4-2) above. A tensile test was performed 10 times for one type of cotton yarn, and the average value was calculated.
- Tables 4 and 5 show the evaluation results of (4-1) above.
- the adhesive adhesion rate was 1.2% (paste weight: 1.000 g, 40 °C, 10 MPa or 100 °C, 20 MPa conditions). Also, without changing the weight, temperature, and pressure of the paste (weight of paste: 1.000 g, 40°C, 10 MPa), adding acetone to 10 mol%, the sticking rate of the paste is increased to 62.6%.
- Table 6 shows the evaluation results of (4-2) above. SS curves of each cotton yarn are shown in FIGS. Also, FIG. 10 shows a summary of the graphs closest to the average value for each SS curve.
- the tensile strength of the cotton yarn with starch paste was 1.75 cN/dtex, which was higher than the tensile strength of the cotton yarn with no paste. Also, the cotton yarn to which cellulose acetate was adhered by supercritical carbon dioxide exhibited a higher tensile strength than the cotton yarn to which starch paste was adhered. From these results, it is considered that the cotton yarn to which cellulose acetate is attached has cleared the reference tensile strength value, such as the tensile strength of the cotton yarn to which starch paste is attached. Furthermore, as shown in the graph of FIG.
- the cotton yarn to which cellulose acetate was attached showed a high value, and the cotton yarn to which starch paste was attached showed a low value. From this result, it was found that the cotton thread to which cellulose acetate was attached was harder than the cotton thread to which starch paste was attached.
- Table 7 shows the evaluation results of (4-4) above.
- Example 3 Desizing using supercritical carbon dioxide
- a cotton thread (adhesion rate of sizing agent: 15.5%) to which cellulose acetate (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) was attached was prepared.
- each cotton thread with the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid was 40° C., 10 MPa, 60 minutes, batch type, and the treatment was carried out while stirring the inside of the high-pressure vessel with a magnetic stirrer. After treatment with the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, the pressure vessel was released to atmospheric pressure by opening the valve. After releasing the pressure from the high-pressure container, each cotton thread was taken out and dried at 105° C. for 2 hours, and each cotton thread after drying was weighed. Then, each cotton yarn after drying was repeatedly subjected to the same treatment with the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid five times in total.
- acetone was started after the pressure in the high-pressure vessel had risen to the level set by the fully automatic adjustment device.
- the time at which the fully automatic control valve started to release the pressure was taken as the starting point of the treatment, as in the case of the carbon dioxide solution transfer.
- the pressure vessel was rapidly depressurized. After releasing the pressure from the high-pressure container, each cotton thread was taken out and dried at 105° C. for 2 hours, and each cotton thread after drying was weighed.
- the adhesion rate before supercritical treatment (before desizing treatment) is S 0
- the adhesion rate and removal rate after the first treatment are S 1 and DD 1 , respectively
- the second and subsequent treatments are S 1 ⁇ S5 and D1 ⁇ D5 .
- Table 8 shows the evaluation results of the batch method
- Table 9 shows the evaluation results of the continuous method.
- test No. 2 has the same temperature, pressure, and time conditions as the five-time test by the batch method shown in Table 8, but the removal rate is 43.9%, and the batch method The result was lower than the removal rate of 82.4%.
- the reason for this is considered to be the possibility that the supercritical carbon dioxide flows out of the high-pressure vessel before the cellulose acetate dissolves in the supercritical carbon dioxide due to insufficient stirring by the stirrer in the continuous method.
- Test No. 3 had a higher pressure than Test No. 2, but the removal rate was 38.3%, which was comparable to Test No. 2. From this result, it is considered that the solubility of cellulose acetate in supercritical carbon dioxide does not change even if the pressure is changed in the range of 10 to 20 MPa.
- test No. 4 although the temperature was higher than in test No. 2, the removal rate was 2.24%, indicating that almost no desizing was achieved. This result is believed to be due to the fact that cellulose acetate exhibits high solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide at low temperatures.
- test No. 5 adopts the same conditions as test No. 2, removes the stand made of wire, and brings the cotton thread and stirrer into contact.
- Test No.5 had a removal rate of 72.4%, which was significantly higher than that of Test No.2. From this result, it is considered that the degree of physical contact with the cotton thread is greatly related to the removal rate in the desizing test.
- test No. 6 a desizing test was performed by placing a stainless metal ball in a high-pressure container and further increasing the degree of physical contact with the cotton thread. As a result, the removal rate was 81.1%, which was higher than that of No.5 test. From this result, it was found that the factor of physical contact with the cotton thread has a considerable influence on desizing.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の具体的態様は以下のとおりである。
前記糊剤及び超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体と前記繊維品とを接触させて、前記繊維品に糊付けを行う工程を含む、前記方法。
[2] 糊剤付き繊維品の製造方法であって、
糊剤及び超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体と繊維品とを接触させて、前記繊維品に糊付けを行う工程を含む、前記方法。
[3] 糊剤付き繊維品から糊剤を除去する方法であって、
超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体と前記糊剤付き繊維品とを接触させて、前記糊剤付き繊維品の糊抜きを行う工程を含む、前記方法。
[4] 糊剤付き繊維品から繊維品を製造する方法であって、
超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体と前記糊剤付き繊維品とを接触させて、前記糊剤付き繊維品の糊抜きを行う工程を含む、前記方法。
[5] 前記糊剤がセルロースアセテートを含む、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[6] 前記流体が共溶媒をさらに含む、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[7] 前記共溶媒がアセトンを含む、[6]に記載の方法。
[8] 前記繊維品が綿糸を含む、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[9] 前記糊抜きを行う工程が、金属球と前記糊剤付き繊維品とを接触させることを含む、[3]又は[4]に記載の方法。
[10] 前記糊抜きを行う工程が、バッチ処理又は連続処理によるものである、[3]、[4]、又は[9]に記載の方法。
本願の実施形態の1つは、糊剤を繊維品に付与する方法であって、前記糊剤及び超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体と前記繊維品とを接触させて、前記繊維品に糊付けを行う工程を含む、前記方法である。
また、本願の別の実施形態は、糊剤付き繊維品の製造方法であって、糊剤及び超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体と繊維品とを接触させて、前記繊維品に糊付けを行う工程を含む、前記方法である。
本実施形態においては、タオルとしての肌触りの観点から、綿糸を使用することが好ましい。
糊剤及び超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体を繊維品に接触させる工程は、バッチ処理によるものとすることができる。
共溶媒としては、糊剤の溶媒(超臨界二酸化炭素と共溶媒とを含む)への溶解性を向上させて糊付け性を向上させる観点より、アセトンが好ましい。
本願の実施形態の1つは、糊剤付き繊維品から糊剤を除去する方法であって、超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体と前記糊剤付き繊維品とを接触させて、前記糊剤付き繊維品の糊抜きを行う工程を含む、前記方法である。
また、本願の別の実施形態は、糊剤付き繊維品から繊維品を製造する方法であって、超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体と前記糊剤付き繊維品とを接触させて、前記糊剤付き繊維品の糊抜きを行う工程を含む、前記方法である。
本実施形態においては、タオルとしての肌触りの観点から、綿糸を使用することが好ましい。
本実施形態において、上記糊抜きを行う工程は、バッチ処理又は連続処理によるものとすることができる。
共溶媒としては、特に限定されず、上記[糊剤を繊維品に付与する方法及び糊剤付き繊維品の製造方法]に記載したものを使用することができる。共溶媒としては、糊剤の溶媒(超臨界二酸化炭素と共溶媒とを含む)への溶解性を向上させて糊抜き性を向上させる観点より、アセトンが好ましい。
また、本実施形態において、処理容器内で、ワイヤーで作成したスタンドなどの部材で糊剤付き繊維品を支持している場合には、当該部材を取り除くことにより、超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体と糊剤付き繊維品とがより接触しやすくなり、糊抜き性を向上させることができる。
(1)糊剤(ポリマー)
従来、綿製品などの製造工程で使用されている糊剤としては、でんぷん糊、ポリビニルアルコールが代表として挙げられる。これらの糊剤は、親水性のポリマーであり水に溶かし使用される。しかし、二酸化炭素は無極性の物質であり、疎水性ポリマーを溶解する性質を示す。従って、超臨界二酸化炭素を用いた糊付けには、疎水性を示し、二酸化炭素に対して高い溶解性を示す糊剤を使用することが好ましい。
そこで、疎水性を示し、従来使用されているでんぷん糊と類似の構造を示すポリマーとして、ポリメタクリル酸メチル(Polymethyl methacrylate)、ポリエチレングリコール(Polyethylene glycol)、ポリ酢酸ビニル(Polyvinyl acetate)、セルロースアセテート(Celluloses acetate)、及びポリスチレン(Polystyrene)を準備した。また、従来使用されている糊剤(ポリマー)として、ポリビニルアルコール(Polyvinyl alcohol)を準備した。これらのポリマーの詳細を、下記の表1に示す。
超臨界二酸化炭素への溶解性試験において使用した装置を図2及び3に示す。図2の(a)は高圧容器(日本分光株式会社製 EV-3-50-2/4、内容量 50 ml)を、図2の(b)は日本分光株式会社製のオーブン SCF-Sro内にセットした当該高圧容器をそれぞれ示す写真である。図3は、装置全体の概要を示す図である。
上記高圧容器に、二酸化炭素を送る送液ポンプ(日本分光株式会社製のPU-2086 インテリジェント HPLCポンプ)及びアセトンを送る送液ポンプ(日本分光株式会社製のPU-2080 インテリジェントHPLC ポンプ)を取り付けた。上記二酸化炭素を送る送液ポンプに冷却ヘッドを取り付け、-10℃以下の冷媒を通すことで二酸化炭素を液相に保った。また、日本分光株式会社の全自動圧力調整弁 BP-2080型を上記高圧容器の放圧部に取り付け、高圧容器内の圧力及び二酸化炭素を放圧する速度を調節し一定に保った。
二酸化炭素供給源には、液化二酸化炭素ボンベ(株式会社カインドガス、純度99.5%以上)を使用した。
上記の(1)で挙げた各ポリマーを約1g秤量し、円筒状のガラスフィルター(ADVANTEC 88R)に入れて各試料を作成した。高圧容器をあらかじめ100℃に加温しておき、作成した各試料を高圧容器内にそれぞれ設置した。次に、送液ポンプを用いて二酸化炭素を高圧容器に送り、高圧容器内を加圧した。超臨界二酸化炭素流体により各試料を処理する条件は、圧力20MPa、温度100℃、時間180分、バッチ式とし、マグネティックスターラーで高圧容器内を撹拌しながら処理を行った。超臨界二酸化炭素流体による処理後、高圧容器のバルブを開放し大気圧まで放圧した。高圧容器を放圧した後、各試料を取り出し再び秤量した。
その後、超臨界二酸化炭素流体による処理前後でのポリマーを入れたガラスフィルターの重量(g)をそれぞれ秤量し、そこからガラスフィルターの重量(g)を差し引くことにより、超臨界二酸化炭素流体による処理前のポリマーの重量(g)及び超臨界二酸化炭素流体による処理後のポリマーの重量(g)をそれぞれ算出した。そして、下記式(1)に基づいて、各ポリマーの超臨界二酸化炭素への溶解度(Solubility)を算出した。
上記(3)において算出した各ポリマーの超臨界二酸化炭素への溶解度の結果を表2に示す。
以上の結果より、セルロースアセテートが超臨界二酸化炭素により糊付けを行う際の好ましい糊剤であることがわかった。
(1)糊剤(ポリマー)
糊剤(ポリマー)として、上述の実施例1において超臨界二酸化炭素に対して高い溶解性を示したセルロースアセテートを使用した。セルロースアセテートとしては、上述の実施例1と同様のSigma-Aldrich社製のセルロースアセテートを使用した。使用したセルロースアセテートを下記の表3に示す。
上記実施例1と同様の装置及び二酸化炭素供給源を使用した。
高圧容器を40℃にあらかじめ加温しておき、下記の表4に示す各重量(g)のセルロースアセテートを高圧容器内に入れた。また、超臨界二酸化炭素に対するアセトンの割合(モル%)が表4に示したものとなるように、所定量の共溶媒であるアセトンを高圧容器内に送液した。
また、伊澤タオル株式会社製の精練漂白済み綿糸(20番手、単糸)を0.175g秤量し、2時間、105℃で乾燥し、乾燥後の綿糸を秤量した。乾燥後の綿糸を、撹拌子(スターラーチップ)と接触しないようにワイヤーで作製したスタンドで隔離して、高圧容器内に設置した。次に、送液ポンプを用いて二酸化炭素を高圧容器に送り、高圧容器内を加圧した。超臨界二酸化炭素流体により各綿糸を処理する条件は、表4に示すように、(40℃、10MPa)又は(100℃、20MPa)、時間30分、バッチ式とし、マグネティックスターラーで高圧容器内を撹拌しながら処理を行った。超臨界二酸化炭素流体による処理後、高圧容器について、0.1MPa/min の一定速度で大気圧まで放圧した。高圧容器を放圧した後、各綿糸を取り出し、2時間、105 ℃で乾燥し、乾燥後の各綿糸を秤量した。
(4-1)糊剤の付着率
上記(3)のようにして得られた超臨界二酸化炭素流体による処理前(糊付け前)の綿糸の重量(g)及び超臨界二酸化炭素流体による処理後(糊付け後)の綿糸の重量(g)を用いて、下記式(2)に基づいて、糊剤であるセルロースアセテートの付着率(Sizing rate S)を算出した。
糊付け後の各綿糸の強度を測定するために以下の手順に沿って引張試験を行った。
まず、糊付け後の各綿糸(長さ20cm)及び厚紙(幅4cm×長さ23cm)を準備し、当該綿糸の長さ方向と厚紙の長さ方向とが一致し、当該綿糸が伸びた状態となるようにして、当該綿糸を厚紙に固定して測定用の試料を作成した。作成した試料を卓上型精密万能試験機 AGS-J(SHIMADZU 製)にセットした後、厚紙の両端部分(それぞれ2cm)を残して中央部分をカットして除去し、つかみ部(厚紙の両端部分)を有する綿糸の試験片とした。そして、各綿糸の試験片に対して、200 mm/minの引張速度の条件で引張試験を行った。1種類の糊付け後の綿糸について、10回引張試験を行って平均値を算出した。
糊剤が付着していない綿糸及びでんぷん糊が約3重量%付着した綿糸についても、同様にして引張試験を行って平均値を算出した。
FINECOAT JFC-1100E(日本電子株式会社製)を使用して、糊付け後の各綿糸の表面に対して1分間処理し75Åの金を蒸着させた後、日本電子株式会社製のFE-SEM JSM-7001Fを使用して加速電圧1.5kVにて蒸着後の各綿糸の表面の観察を行った。
ローラー上に研磨紙(CW-C P1000)を巻いて研磨紙付きローラーを作成した。
糊付け後の綿糸(長さ20cm)及び厚紙(幅4cm×長さ23cm)を準備し、上記(4-2)と同様の手順により、綿糸が厚紙に固定された測定用の試料を作成した。作成した試料について、厚紙の両端部分(それぞれ2cm)を残して中央部分をカットして除去し、つかみ部(厚紙の両端部分)を有する綿糸の試験片とした。
得られた試験片をマットの上にセットし、マット上の試験片の中央部分(綿糸の部分)に対して研磨紙付きローラーを100回往復運動させて、綿糸の部分を摩擦した。摩擦試験後の綿糸を、卓上型精密万能試験機 AGS-J(SHIMADZU 製)にセットし、上記(4-2)と同様の条件にて引張試験を行った。1種類の綿糸について、10回引張試験を行って平均値を算出した。
これらの結果より、無極性に近い溶媒である超臨界二酸化炭素に、セルロースアセテートへ溶解性を示すアセトンを共溶媒として添加することにより、超臨界二酸化炭素単体の場合に比べて溶媒のセルロースアセテートに対する溶解性が向上し、溶媒にセルロースアセテートが溶解しやすくなり、その結果、綿糸への糊剤の付着率が大きくなったと考えられる。
さらに、図10のグラフに示すように、ヤング率に関して、セルロースアセテートが付着した綿糸は高い値を示し、でんぷん糊が付着した綿糸は低い値を示した。この結果より、セルロースアセテートが付着した綿糸は、でんぷん糊が付着した綿糸より固いことがわかった。
(1)糊剤が付着した綿糸
上記実施例2に記載の超臨界二酸化炭素による糊付け方法と同様にして、伊澤タオル株式会社製の精練漂白済み綿糸(20番手、単糸)を処理して、セルロースアセテート(Sigma-Aldrich社製)が付着した綿糸(糊剤の付着率:15.5%)を調製した。
上記実施例1と同様の装置及び二酸化炭素供給源を使用した。
(3-1)バッチ法
高圧容器を40℃にあらかじめ加温しておき、上記(1)に示したセルロースアセテート(Sigma-Aldrich社製)が付着した綿糸を、撹拌子(スターラーチップ)と接触しないようにワイヤーで作製したスタンドで隔離して高圧容器内に設置した。次に、超臨界二酸化炭素に対するアセトンの割合(モル%)が10mol%となるように、送液ポンプを用いてアセトンを高圧容器内に入れた。次に、送液ポンプを用いて二酸化炭素を高圧容器に送り、高圧容器内を加圧した。超臨界二酸化炭素流体により各綿糸を処理する条件は、40℃、10MPa、時間60分、バッチ式とし、マグネティックスターラーで高圧容器内を撹拌しながら処理を行った。超臨界二酸化炭素流体による処理後、高圧容器について、バルブを開放し大気圧まで放圧した。高圧容器を放圧した後、各綿糸を取り出し、2時間、105 ℃の条件で乾燥し、乾燥後の各綿糸を秤量した。そして、乾燥後の各綿糸に対し、同様の超臨界二酸化炭素流体による処理を計5回、繰り返し行った。
高圧容器をあらかじめ加温しておき、上記(1)に示したセルロースアセテート(Sigma-Aldrich社製)が付着した綿糸:0.2gを、撹拌子(スターラーチップ)と接触しないようにワイヤーで作製したスタンドで隔離して高圧容器内に設置した。次に、高圧容器を密閉し、全自動調整弁を所定の圧力に設定した。その後、送液ポンプを用いて二酸化炭素を高圧容器に所定の流速で送液し、全自動調整弁が放圧を開始した時点を処理開始点とした。また、 アセトンの送液は高圧容器内の圧力が全自動調整便で設定した圧力程度まで上昇した後に送液を開始した。二酸化炭素の送液と同様に全自動調整弁が放圧を開始した時点を処理開始点とした。超臨界二酸化炭素流体による処理後、高圧容器を急速に放圧した。高圧容器を放圧した後、各綿糸を取り出し、2 時間、105℃の条件で乾燥し、乾燥後の各綿糸を秤量した。
(i)温度・圧力
温度・圧力をそれぞれ(40℃、10MPa)、(40℃、20MPa)、(100℃、10MPa)の条件に設定し超臨界処理を行った。二酸化炭素は流速 1 ml/min、アセトンは流速 0.2 ml/minの設定で送液し、5 時間、超臨界処理を行った。
(ii)撹拌
上述したようなワイヤーで作成したスタンドを取り除き、綿糸と撹拌子を接触させた。また、ステンレス製の金属球(インチサイズ 1/4)10個を高圧容器に入れ、さらに撹拌させ糊抜きを行った。超臨界処理における温度・圧力の条件は40℃、10MPaで行った。二酸化炭素は流速 1 ml/min、アセトンは流速 0.2 ml/minの設定で送液し、5時間、超臨界処理を行った。
(iii)流速
二酸化炭素の流速、アセトンの流速、及び超臨界処理の時間をそれぞれ(5 ml/min、1 ml/min、60 min)、(1 ml/min、0.2 ml/min、300 min)、(0.5 ml/min、0.1 ml/min、600 min)で行った。超臨界処理における温度・圧力の条件は40℃、10MPaで行った。
まず、糊付け及び糊抜きの処理を行う前の綿糸(上述の精練漂白済み綿糸)の重量(g)並びに糊抜き処理後の綿糸の重量(g)を用いて、上述の式(2)に基づいて、糊抜き処理後のセルロースアセテート(糊剤)の付着率を算出した。
そして、糊付き綿糸(糊付け処理後及び糊抜き処理前の綿糸を行う前の綿糸)の糊剤の付着率(%)並びに上記の糊抜き処理後の綿糸の糊剤の付着率(%)を用いて、下記式(3)に基づいて、糊剤の除去率(Desizing rate D)を算出した。
また、No.4の試験は、No.2の試験より温度が高いが、除去率は2.24%であり、ほとんど糊抜きができていなかった。この結果は、セルロースアセテートが低温において超臨界二酸化炭素に高い溶解性を示すためによると考えられる。
No.7の試験は、金属球を使用した条件において、No.6よりも処理時間を延ばし、流速を遅くした試験であるが、除去率は75.9%となり、No.6の試験に比べて少し低い結果となった。この結果より、本実施例の綿糸及び高圧容器を使用した場合には、処理時間 300 min、超臨界二酸化炭素の流速 1 ml/min、アセトンの流速 0.2 ml/minの条件において、セルロースアセテートが溶媒に対して高い溶解性を示すと考えられる。
Claims (10)
- 糊剤を繊維品に付与する方法であって、
前記糊剤及び超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体と前記繊維品とを接触させて、前記繊維品に糊付けを行う工程を含む、前記方法。 - 糊剤付き繊維品の製造方法であって、
糊剤及び超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体と繊維品とを接触させて、前記繊維品に糊付けを行う工程を含む、前記方法。 - 糊剤付き繊維品から糊剤を除去する方法であって、
超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体と前記糊剤付き繊維品とを接触させて、前記糊剤付き繊維品の糊抜きを行う工程を含む、前記方法。 - 糊剤付き繊維品から繊維品を製造する方法であって、
超臨界二酸化炭素を含む流体と前記糊剤付き繊維品とを接触させて、前記糊剤付き繊維品の糊抜きを行う工程を含む、前記方法。 - 前記糊剤がセルロースアセテートを含む、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記流体が共溶媒をさらに含む、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記共溶媒がアセトンを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記繊維品が綿糸を含む、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記糊抜きを行う工程が、金属球と前記糊剤付き繊維品とを接触させることを含む、請求項3又は4に記載の方法。
- 前記糊抜きを行う工程が、バッチ処理又は連続処理によるものである、請求項3、4、又は9に記載の方法。
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US5863298A (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1999-01-26 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method for sizing and desizing yarns with liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide solvent |
JP2002180369A (ja) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-06-26 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 炭素繊維の処理方法 |
WO2012132867A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | 日東紡績株式会社 | ガラス繊維織物の洗浄方法 |
CN104389153A (zh) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-03-04 | 苏州大学 | 一种超临界二氧化碳流体中棉的酶退浆方法 |
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US5863298A (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1999-01-26 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method for sizing and desizing yarns with liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide solvent |
JP2002180369A (ja) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-06-26 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 炭素繊維の処理方法 |
WO2012132867A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | 日東紡績株式会社 | ガラス繊維織物の洗浄方法 |
CN104389153A (zh) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-03-04 | 苏州大学 | 一种超临界二氧化碳流体中棉的酶退浆方法 |
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