WO2022244235A1 - 試料検査装置 - Google Patents
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- WO2022244235A1 WO2022244235A1 PCT/JP2021/019365 JP2021019365W WO2022244235A1 WO 2022244235 A1 WO2022244235 A1 WO 2022244235A1 JP 2021019365 W JP2021019365 W JP 2021019365W WO 2022244235 A1 WO2022244235 A1 WO 2022244235A1
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- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 14
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/06—Measuring leads; Measuring probes
- G01R1/067—Measuring probes
- G01R1/06772—High frequency probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/02—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/02—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage
- G01R23/12—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage by converting frequency into phase shift
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/302—Contactless testing
Definitions
- the present invention irradiates a semiconductor or other sample on which a circuit is formed with at least one probe while irradiating the sample with a charged particle beam to analyze failures in the circuit specified by contact with the probe. It relates to a sample inspection device.
- semiconductor specimens are irradiated with charged particle beams such as electron beams, and probes are brought into contact with the specimens to detect currents absorbed by the wiring and from the semiconductor specimens.
- charged particle beams such as electron beams
- probes are brought into contact with the specimens to detect currents absorbed by the wiring and from the semiconductor specimens.
- Techniques for analyzing and imaging emitted secondary signals are attracting attention.
- a distribution image of a signal (absorbed current signal) obtained based on the current absorbed by the wiring (absorbed current) is called an electron beam absorbed current image (EBAC (Electron Beam Absorbed Current) image).
- EBAC Electro Beam Absorbed Current
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-200000 describes an apparatus for inspecting a sample that outputs an absorption current image in conjunction with the scanning of an electron beam. By detecting the change in the resistance value that occurs when the electron beam irradiates the defective portion of the wiring section of the sample, which is physically connected, as the change in the ratio of the resistance value between the normal portion and the defective portion, the defective portion is detected. Techniques for identifying are disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 at least one probe is brought into contact with a sample in which a circuit is formed, and power is supplied to the circuit specified by the contact of the probe through the probe, while the sample is irradiated with a charged particle beam. is scanned, and the change in the resistance value of the defect locally heated by the charged particle beam is measured through a probe, thereby making it easier to identify the defect location.
- FIG. 2 shows a semiconductor sample having conductors 20a and 20b formed on its surface being irradiated with an electron beam 3.
- Probes 21a and 21b are connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the differential amplifier 23, respectively.
- the probe 21a contacts the conductor 20a, and the probe 21b contacts the conductor 20b.
- the conductor 20 a When the conductor 20 a is irradiated with the electron beam 3 scanning the surface of the sample, the charge from the electron beam 3 is transmitted through the probe 21 a and input to the positive terminal of the differential amplifier 23 .
- the defective portion 22 having a certain resistance value when the defective portion 22 having a certain resistance value is in contact with the conductors 20a and 20b, electric charges flow through the defective portion 22 to the conductor 20b, and are transmitted through the probe 21b to the differential amplifier 23. Input to the minus input terminal.
- the potential of the conductor 20b becomes a value that is lower than the potential of the conductor 20a by the voltage drop due to the defective portion 22.
- the defective portion 22 When the resistance value of the defective portion 22 is low, the defective portion 22 can be recognized as a short-circuit defect due to the current flowing through the defective portion 22 .
- the resistance value of the defective portion 22 is high, for example, when it is greater than the input impedances 27a and 27b of the differential amplifier 23, the current through the defective portion 22 becomes difficult to flow. Therefore, it becomes difficult to distinguish from the state where there is no defective portion 22 .
- Figure 3 shows an image obtained for the sample in Figure 2.
- An image 101 in the first row is a schematic diagram of an SEM image. Since many secondary electrons are generated from the edge of the sample, etc., an image in which the contours of the conductor 20 and the probe 21 are emphasized can be obtained. For this reason, if the defective portion 22 is buried inside the sample, if there is no difference in height from the surroundings even if it is not buried inside, or if it is very fine, the defective portion 22 may hardly appear in the SEM image.
- Images 102 to 104 in the second to fourth stages are schematic diagrams of EBAC images.
- EBAC image 102 is an image when no defects are present. Since there is no conduction between the conductors 20a and 20b, a potential difference is generated between the conductors 20a and 20b by the irradiation of the electron beam 3 onto the conductors 20a. Therefore, the EBAC image 102 has a clear contrast between the conductors 20a and 20b.
- the EBAC image 103 is an image when the defective portion 22 is a short-circuit defect (low-resistance defect). Even if the defective portion 22 does not appear in the SEM image, the charge from the electron beam 3 flows through the defective portion 22 to the conductor 20b. Therefore, in the EBAC image 103, contrast with gradation is generated at the location where the defective portion 22 exists. This makes it possible to identify the defective portion 22 that could not be identified in the SEM image. The degree of gradation varies depending on the length of the conductors 20a and 20b and the defective portion 22, the resistance value of the defective portion 22, and the like.
- the EBAC image 104 is an example of an EBAC image in which it is difficult to specify a defect position, and is an image when the defect portion 22 is a high-resistance defect, for example.
- the resistance of the defective portion 22 is high, there is almost no continuity between the conductors 20a and 20b. That is, almost no current flows through the defective portion 22 . Therefore, despite the presence of the defect portion 22, the EBAC image 104 has a contrast substantially similar to that of the EBAC image 102 when there is no defect. Furthermore, depending on the resistance value of the defective portion 22, the brightness at the defective portion is almost the same as the brightness around the defective portion. When this happens, it becomes difficult to specify the position of the defect from the EBAC image.
- the present invention it is possible to detect defective locations due to capacitive coupling with low resistance change, which were difficult to identify with conventional EBAC images, and to detect defective locations that are electrically normal but are spatially close to each other.
- the object is to detect a location with a relatively low tolerance as a latent failure location.
- EBAC signal since a weak signal called an EBAC signal is amplified and imaged, it is also intended to reduce the electrical noise from the device that appears in the EBAC image.
- a sample inspection apparatus includes a charged particle optical system that irradiates a charged particle beam onto a sample, a first probe that contacts the sample, and an input terminal of the first probe that is connected to the input terminal.
- An AC voltage is applied to the first probe, and the phase detection unit synchronizes the output signal of the amplifier with the AC voltage and detects the same frequency. phase detection with the reference signal.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic configuration of a sample inspection device of Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the principle which forms an EBAC image.
- 3 is a schematic diagram of an SEM image and an EBAC image obtained for the sample of FIG. 2;
- FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the defect detection principle by a 2nd detection system.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a schematic configuration of a phase detection section; It is a figure for demonstrating the polar coordinate conversion in a calculator.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a second detection system (first modification);
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a second detection system (second modification); It is a figure which shows the mode of the probe contact which detects the dynamic characteristic of a transistor.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a second detection system (third modification);
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the basic configuration of the sample inspection apparatus of Example 2;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic configuration of the sample inspection device according to this embodiment.
- This sample inspection apparatus includes an SEM column 1 for irradiating a sample 19 with an electron beam 3, which is a charged particle beam, a sample stage 10 for mounting the sample 19, and copper or aluminum on the sample 19 as a main component.
- Probes 21a and 21b are provided for contacting the conductors 20a and 20b to extract electric potential from the conductors 20a and 20b. Although two probes are provided here, one probe 21a can be used when the conductor 20b is grounded, for example. Furthermore, three or more probes may be provided.
- the SEM column 1 incorporates an electron optical system that irradiates the sample with the electron beam 3.
- An electron beam 3 emitted from an electron source 2 passes through a first focusing lens 5, a second focusing lens 6, a deflection coil 7, an electric field moving coil 8, an objective lens 9, etc., which constitute an electron optical system, and reaches a sample. It is focused on 19 and scans any position on the sample 19 .
- Scanning with the electron beam 3 is performed by outputting a scanning signal from the system control unit 14 to the deflection coil driving unit 12a of the electron beam control unit 12, and the deflection coil driving unit 12a causes the deflection coil 7 to generate the electron beam 3 according to the scanning signal. This is done by changing the amount of deflection of .
- the sample inspection device includes a first detection system that forms an SEM image and a second detection system that forms an EBAC image.
- the first detection system includes a detector 4 that detects secondary particles emitted from the outermost surface of the sample 19 or the probes 21a and 21b when the electron beam 3 is irradiated onto the sample 19 or the probes 21a and 21b.
- the second detection system includes probes 21a and 21b, a differential amplifier 23, a phase detector 40, a frequency generator 41, and the like, details of which will be described later.
- the control unit 11 includes an electron beam control unit 12 that controls each optical element constituting the electron optical system, and an image processing unit that forms an SEM image or an EBAC image from detection signals from the first detection system or the second detection system. 13. It has a system control unit 14 that controls the entire sample inspection device.
- the sample inspection device is equipped with a computer 18.
- the computer 18 is connected to a keyboard 15 as an input device, a mouse 16 as a pointing device, and an image display 17 .
- the user can give instructions to the sample inspection apparatus from the computer 18 and display the image formed by the image processing section 13 on the image display 17 .
- the image processing unit 13 includes an A/D converter 24, a pixel integration unit 25, a frame integration unit 26, and the like.
- the second detection system has a frequency generator 41 and detects the voltage between the probes 21a and 21b with an AC voltage applied between the probes 21a and 21b. Since the detection signal output from the differential amplifier 23 is an AC signal, the phase detector 40 converts the AC signal output from the differential amplifier 23 into a DC signal. The DC signal output from the phase detection unit 40 is converted into digital data by the A/D converter 24, and the pixel integration unit 25 determines the irradiation position of the electron beam 3 input from the system control unit 14 in synchronization with the scanning signal. Based on the indicated control signal, it is converted into a gradation value per pixel.
- the frame integration unit 26 scans the same region on the sample 19 multiple times and integrates the frame images obtained from each scan to form image data.
- the formed image data is sent to the computer 18 .
- the computer 18 displays the received image data on the image display 17 as an EBAC image.
- FIG. 20a and conductor 20b are essentially electrically insulated.
- the voltage applied to the conductors 20a and 20b includes frequency components. Therefore, when the insulation performance between the conductors 20a and 20b is insufficient, the frequency component of the voltage applied to the defective portion 22 passes through the capacitive component of the defective portion 22, thereby causing a short circuit.
- the change in the resistance value is small, and the defect is caused by the capacitive component of the defective portion 22, which has been difficult to detect as a defect in the past. It is possible to detect latent defects with low electrical tolerance.
- the frequency generator 41 is connected to two probes 21a and 21b, and applies an alternating voltage to the conductor 20a through the probe 21a and to the conductor 20b through the probe 21b.
- the dielectric constant of the defective portion 22 changes due to its influence (for example, temperature rise).
- the change is detected by the differential amplifier 23 as a change in AC voltage between the probes.
- the magnitude and frequency of the voltage generated by the frequency generator 41 are set by the system control unit 14, and appropriate values can be selected for detecting defects.
- the configuration of the phase detector 40 is shown in FIG. Since the output of the differential amplifier 23 has the frequency component generated by the frequency generator 41, if it is imaged as a signal as it is, it will be converted into an image having the frequency component. Therefore, the phase detector 40 extracts the DC component by detecting the output SIG of the differential amplifier 23 with the reference signal REF having the frequency output by the frequency generator 41 .
- the AC voltage generated by the frequency generator 41 is used as it is as the reference signal REF, but the phase detector 40 is provided with a separate frequency generator, and is synchronized with the AC voltage generated by the frequency generator 41 for reference.
- a signal REF may be generated.
- the phase detector 40 includes a phase detector 42 , a phase shifter 43 , a filter 44 and a calculator 45 .
- the output signal SIG of the differential amplifier 23 is detected by the phase detector 42 with reference to the applied frequency fr and converted into a DC signal.
- the phase detector 40 includes two systems of phase detectors 42 .
- a reference signal obtained by shifting the phase of the reference signal REF by 90° by the phase shifter 43 is input to one phase detector 42a, and the reference signal REF is input as it is to the other phase detector 43b.
- Units 42a and 42b perform phase detection using reference signals SIN and COS that are orthogonal to each other.
- a calculator 45 converts the DC signal Y from the phase detector 42a and the DC signal X from the phase detector 42b into polar coordinates, and outputs an amplitude signal R and a phase signal ⁇ .
- the polar coordinate conversion in the computing unit 45 will be explained using FIG.
- the output of differential amplifier 23 is represented by vector 110 .
- the magnitude of R cos ⁇ is detected as the output signal X of the phase detector 42b, and the magnitude of R sin ⁇ is detected as the output signal Y of the phase detector 42a. Therefore, the amplitude signal R and the phase signal ⁇ can be calculated by (Formula 1).
- phase detection processing executed by the phase detection section 40 in FIG. 5 is the same as the processing of the two-phase lock-in amplifier. Therefore, a lock-in amplifier may be implemented as the phase detector 40 .
- an EBAC image based on the amplitude signal R (hereinafter referred to as an amplitude image) is generated.
- An image (hereinafter referred to as a phase image) can be obtained.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration example that can change the phase of the AC voltage applied to the sample (first modification).
- Phase shifter 49 is used to change the phase of the AC voltage applied to conductor 20a through probe 21a and the AC voltage applied to conductor 20b through probe 21b. Although the phase shifter 49 is provided on the probe 21b side here, it may be provided on the probe 21a side.
- the system control unit 14 controls the amount of delay by the phase shifter 49 to (1) apply an AC voltage of the same phase (0°) and (2) apply an AC voltage of an opposite phase (180°). Furthermore, by shutting off the output from the phase shifter 49, (3) switching can be performed to apply an AC voltage to one side of the probe (only the probe 21a in this case).
- the position where the defect occurs is estimated, and the contact positions are determined so that the probes 21a and 21b sandwich the estimated defective portion 22.
- this estimation is erroneous and, for example, the defective portion 22 is connected to the conductor 20a but is not in contact with the conductor 20b.
- the change due to the irradiation of the electron beam 3 to the defective portion 22 appears in the probe 21a, but does not appear in the probe 21b. Therefore, the change in the AC voltage between the probes input to the differential amplifier 23 is smaller than when the probes are correctly brought into contact so as to sandwich the defective portion.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration example in which the waveform of the applied AC voltage is a rectangular wave using the frequency generator 50 (second modification).
- the frequency generator 50 is changed from the circuit configuration of FIG. 7
- the circuit configuration of FIG. 5 is also applicable.
- the embodiments and modifications can be combined and replaced with each other unless there is a specific reference to limit the applicable circuit or unless there is a contradiction in principle. The same applies to the following examples and modifications.
- the frequency applied to the defective portion 22 contains many harmonic components. Rather than increasing the frequency of the sinusoidal AC voltage, by applying a rectangular wave containing many harmonic components, the presence of the defective portion 22 can be made noticeable without increasing the fundamental frequency of the rectangular wave. can.
- This modification can visualize the dynamic characteristics of the transistor as an EBAC image.
- probes 21a and 21b are brought into contact with the gate G and the drain D of the transistor, and a square-wave AC voltage is applied.
- a transistor with poor dynamic characteristics becomes unable to follow changes in the gate voltage and allow the drain current to flow.
- the dynamic characteristics of the transistor can be visualized as contrast in the EBAC image.
- the integrated circuit when the integrated circuit includes transistors connected in parallel, by bringing the probe 21a into contact with the gate electrode of the transistor connected in parallel and the probe 21b into contact with the drain electrode of the transistor, variations in the dynamic characteristics of the transistor can be detected from the EBAC image. I can judge.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration example when the differential amplifier 23 is not used (third modification).
- a short-circuit defect due to capacitance may occur even if an AC voltage is applied only to one side of the defective portion.
- the defective portion 22 can be detected by applying an AC voltage to only one side of the defective portion.
- the amplifier 51 in this case may be a voltage conversion type amplifier or a current amplification type amplifier. If necessary, as shown in FIG. 10, the probe 21b on the side not connected to the amplifier 51 is set to the ground potential (GND), and the noise can be reduced by contacting the end opposite to the probe 21a. is.
- the sample inspection device of Example 2 is shown in FIG.
- the sample is irradiated with the electron beam 3 pulsed by the pulse generator 58 and the output signal from the differential amplifier 23 is synchronously detected by the frequency signal from the pulse generator 58 .
- the frequency signal emitted from the pulse generator 58 is a rectangular wave.
- An electron microscope that acquires an SEM image while turning the electron beam 3 on and off in this manner is known as a pulse SEM.
- Example 2 by acquiring an EBAC image using such a pulsed SEM, capacitive defects having the same frequency characteristics as the pulsed electron beam are detected.
- the electron optical system has a blanking mechanism for the electron beam 3, and the electron beam controller 12 blanks the electron beam 3 according to the ON/OFF waveform from the pulse generator 58, converts the electron beam 3 into pulses, and scans the sample. to irradiate.
- An EBAC image is acquired by applying the same frequency signal (ON/OFF waveform) to the defective portion 22 from the probes 21a and 21b and detecting the output signal of the differential amplifier 23 with the same frequency signal.
- the frequency signal generated by the pulse generator 58 is used as it is as an AC voltage applied to the probe or as a reference signal input to the phase detector. Synchronizing with the frequency signal generated by the generator 58, an AC voltage or reference signal REF having the same frequency may be generated.
- an EBAC image (hereinafter referred to as an amplitude image) based on the amplitude signal R is obtained by inputting the phase signal ⁇ to the image processing unit 13.
- An EBAC image (hereinafter referred to as a phase image) based on the phase signal ⁇ can be obtained.
- the AC voltage applied to the conductor 20a via the probe 21a and the AC voltage applied to the conductor 20b via the probe 21b are controlled by the phase shifter 49.
- the configuration for changing the phase with is shown, a configuration without the phase shifter 49 is also possible.
- the differential amplifier 23 instead of the differential amplifier 23, a voltage conversion type amplifier or a current amplification type amplifier can be used. .
- Example 3 AC voltage is not applied to the probe 21 unlike the above Examples and Modifications.
- the output of the DC signal from the differential amplifier 23 is the same as the conventional EBAC image, but the purpose is to obtain a clearer EBAC image by performing phase detection processing.
- the scanning speed of the electron beam 3 has a great influence on the image quality and defect detection performance.
- the image resolution of the EBAC image depends on the number of pixels. Therefore, the sampling rate, which is the reciprocal of the electron beam irradiation time per pixel of the EBAC image, has a great effect on how defects are detected from the EBAC image. Therefore, it is common to acquire EBAC images a plurality of times while changing the sampling rate in advance to search for a sampling rate at which defects are conspicuous.
- the absorbed current is a weak current
- the amplification factor of the differential amplifier 23 is also large. is buried in noise. Since a single-frequency signal can be extracted by phase detection, a clearer EBAC image can be obtained by appropriately selecting the frequency used for phase detection and extracting minute signals caused by absorption current.
- FIG. 12 shows a sample inspection device capable of searching for an appropriate sampling rate for each defect and automatically setting the frequency generated by the frequency generator 41 for phase detection based on the sampling rate.
- the computer 18 calculates the sampling rate based on the acquisition conditions.
- the system controller 14 outputs a scanning signal to the electron beam controller 12 to scan the electron beam 3 at the calculated sampling rate. Further, the system control unit 14 instructs the frequency generator 41 to generate a reference signal REF having a frequency used for phase detection determined based on the calculated sampling rate. It receives the reference signal REF and detects the output of the differential amplifier 23 .
- the system control unit 14 sets the frequency used for phase detection to a value equal to or higher than the sampling rate. This is for the following reasons. If the frequency used for phase detection is less than or equal to the sampling rate, noise having a frequency lower than the sampling rate is directly reflected in the pixel value. By performing phase detection at a frequency higher than the sampling rate, a signal having periodic fluctuations a plurality of times per pixel is detected, thereby averaging noise for each pixel.
- an EBAC image (hereinafter referred to as an amplitude image) based on the amplitude signal R is obtained by inputting the phase signal ⁇ to the image processing unit 13.
- an EBAC image (hereinafter referred to as a phase image) based on the phase signal ⁇ can be obtained.
- the detected signal is limited to a narrow band of spatial frequencies. For this reason, when a bright spot (where the signal is large or small) appears in an EBAC image, a bright spot also appears around it. By being suppressed, it is possible to reduce the size of the defect shown in the EBAC image. That is, it becomes possible to squeeze out the defective portion, that is, to minimize it.
- a voltage application type differential amplifier in which a predetermined voltage is applied between two input terminals from a voltage source 55 is used as the differential amplifier 23 .
- a differential amplifier without the voltage source 55 may be used.
- a voltage conversion type amplifier or a current amplification type amplifier may be used.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (12)
- 試料に荷電粒子線を照射する荷電粒子光学系と、
前記試料に接触される第1のプローブと、
前記第1のプローブがその入力端子に接続される増幅器と、
前記増幅器の出力信号が入力される位相検波部とを有し、
前記第1のプローブには交流電圧が印加され、前記位相検波部は前記増幅器の出力信号を、前記交流電圧と同期し、同じ周波数をもつ参照信号で位相検波する試料検査装置。 - 請求項1において、
システム制御部と、
前記試料に前記荷電粒子線が照射されることにより放出される二次粒子を検出する検出器を含む第1の検出系と、
前記荷電粒子光学系を制御する荷電粒子線制御部と、
前記第1の検出系、または前記第1のプローブ、前記増幅器及び前記位相検波部を含む第2の検出系からの出力信号が入力され、画像を形成する画像処理部とをさらに有し、
前記システム制御部は、前記荷電粒子線制御部に前記荷電粒子線を前記試料上で走査させる走査信号を出力し、
前記画像処理部は、前記システム制御部から前記走査信号に同期して入力される制御信号に基づき、前記第1の検出系または前記第2の検出系からの検出信号から1画素当たりの階調値を算出して前記画像を形成する試料検査装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記位相検波部は、前記増幅器の出力信号を極座標変換して振幅信号及び位相信号を出力し、
前記第2の検出系は、前記振幅信号または前記位相信号を前記画像処理部に出力する試料検査装置。 - 請求項3において、
前記位相検波部は、
前記増幅器の出力信号と前記参照信号が入力される第1の位相検波器と、
前記増幅器の出力信号と前記参照信号を90°位相シフトさせた信号が入力される第2の位相検波器と、
前記第1の位相検波器から出力される第1の直流信号と前記第2の位相検波器から出力される第2の直流信号から、前記振幅信号と前記位相信号とを演算する演算部とを備える試料検査装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記第2の検出系は、前記交流電圧を発生させる周波数発生器を備え、
前記システム制御部は、前記周波数発生器が発生させる前記交流電圧の電圧及び周波数を設定する試料検査装置。 - 請求項5において、
前記第2の検出系は、前記試料に接触され、前記交流電圧が印加される第2のプローブをさらに備え、
前記増幅器は差動増幅器であり、
前記第1のプローブ及び前記第2のプローブは、前記差動増幅器の入力端子のそれぞれに接続される試料検査装置。 - 請求項6において、
前記第2のプローブは、位相シフト器を介して前記周波数発生器に接続され、
前記システム制御部は、前記第2のプローブに印加される前記交流電圧の位相が前記第1のプローブに印加される前記交流電圧の位相と同位相あるいは逆位相となるように、または前記第2のプローブに印加される前記交流電圧を遮断するよう、前記位相シフト器を制御する試料検査装置。 - 請求項5において、
前記周波数発生器は、矩形波である前記交流電圧を発生させる試料検査装置。 - 請求項2において、
矩形波である周波数信号を発生させるパルス発生器を備え、
前記荷電粒子線制御部は、前記周波数信号に基づき、前記荷電粒子線をパルス化して前記試料に照射するよう前記荷電粒子光学系を制御し、
前記第1のプローブには、前記周波数信号と同期し、同じ周波数をもつ前記交流電圧が印加され、前記位相検波部は前記増幅器の出力信号を前記周波数信号と同期し、同じ周波数をもつ前記参照信号で位相検波する試料検査装置。 - 試料に荷電粒子線を照射する荷電粒子光学系と、
前記試料に接触される第1のプローブと、
前記第1のプローブがその入力端子に接続される増幅器と、
参照信号を発生させる周波数発生器と、
前記増幅器の出力信号を、前記周波数発生器が発生させる前記参照信号で位相検波する位相検波部と、
システム制御部と、
前記荷電粒子光学系を制御する荷電粒子線制御部と、
前記位相検波部からの出力信号が入力され、画像を形成する画像処理部とを有し、
前記システム制御部は、前記荷電粒子線制御部に前記荷電粒子線を前記試料上で走査させる走査信号を出力し、
前記画像処理部は、前記システム制御部から前記走査信号に同期して入力される制御信号に基づき、前記位相検波部からの検出信号から1画素当たりの階調値を算出して前記画像を形成し、
前記システム制御部は、前記周波数発生器が発生させる前記参照信号の周波数を、前記画像の1画素あたりの電子線照射時間の逆数であるサンプリングレート以上の値に設定する試料検査装置。 - 請求項10において、
前記試料に接触される第2のプローブをさらに有し、
前記増幅器は差動増幅器であり、
前記第1のプローブ及び前記第2のプローブは、前記差動増幅器の入力端子のそれぞれに接続される試料検査装置。 - 請求項11において、
前記差動増幅器の入力端子間に所定の直流電圧が印加される試料検査装置。
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