WO2022237913A1 - 柠檬苦素类化合物、制备方法及其作为治疗棘球蚴包虫病药物的应用 - Google Patents

柠檬苦素类化合物、制备方法及其作为治疗棘球蚴包虫病药物的应用 Download PDF

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WO2022237913A1
WO2022237913A1 PCT/CN2022/098839 CN2022098839W WO2022237913A1 WO 2022237913 A1 WO2022237913 A1 WO 2022237913A1 CN 2022098839 W CN2022098839 W CN 2022098839W WO 2022237913 A1 WO2022237913 A1 WO 2022237913A1
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acid
compound
limonin
preparation
echinococcosis
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PCT/CN2022/098839
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French (fr)
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王海
李曹龙
夏元铮
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南京医科大学
中国药科大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/10—Anthelmintics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
    • C07D493/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D493/20—Spiro-condensed systems

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  • the invention relates to the field of medicinal chemistry, in particular to a limonoid compound, a preparation method and its application as a medicine for treating echinococcosis echinococcosis.
  • Echinococcosis also known as echinococcosis, is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larvae of Echinococcus tapeworm (Echinococcus) parasitizing in humans and animals. It is distributed worldwide and has a high incidence in my country. Area. Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus shiqu are prevalent in my country, among which cystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus larvae is the main one. CE can lead to the death of humans and animals, and cause the annual direct economic loss of my country's animal husbandry more than 3 billion yuan.
  • the CE endemic areas in my country are mainly distributed in the vast town and agricultural and scenic areas in the north and northwest. In recent years, the disease has a tendency to spread from animal husbandry areas to agricultural areas.
  • the current treatment methods include both surgical treatment and drug treatment. Surgical treatment is often accompanied by the risk of recurrence, because there are factors such as insufficient removal of small cysts, and the overflow of cystic fluid during puncture causes ascus or scolex to contaminate the abdominal cavity. Or secondary hydatid cysts formed due to cyst rupture during surgery.
  • albendazole is one of the representative drugs, which has obvious advantages in the treatment of Echinococcus granulosus and alveolar Echinococcus , improve the survival time and quality of life of patients, but clinical studies have shown that the cure rate of this type of drug is only 30%, and 30% to 50% of patients whose symptoms are improved to a certain extent, and there are large individual differences and unstable curative effects, etc. question. Since albendazole went on the market, clinical studies have shown that clinical studies have shown that it has serious side effects, such as encephalitis syndrome, acute liver injury, hemolytic anemia, anaphylactic shock, renal failure and even death.
  • albendazole In the process of treating patients with Echinococcus granulosus, it is mainly through the anti-insect effect, but not the insect-killing effect. Albendazole needs to be taken for a long time, which increases the economic burden of patients and even the whole society to a certain extent.
  • Limonoids have a typical chemical structure, that is, they all contain 4,4,8-trimethyl-17-furan steroid skeleton or are derived from it, and are extracted and isolated from natural plants.
  • Limonin is a kind of plant secondary substance with special structure and function. It is the lower four-carbon product of triterpenes. It mainly exists in Rutaceae and Meliaceae. All naturally occurring limonin is in D ring C-17 A furan ring is connected at each position, and oxygen-containing functional groups are connected at C-3, C-4, C-7, C-16 and C-17.
  • the present invention aims at the problems existing in the prior art that the drug for treating echinococcosis echinococcosis has no insecticidal effect, needs to be taken for a long time and has great toxic and side effects, and provides a limonoid compound, and also provides the above-mentioned lemon
  • R 1 represents: C1 ⁇ C6 alkyl
  • R 2 represents all C1 ⁇ C4 alkyl groups, -X, -CX 3 , -OCH 3 , -NH 2 , -NO 2 , -OH.
  • the limonoid compound of the general formula II is prepared from the limonoid compound of the general formula I, the reaction reagent is hydrazine corresponding to the alkyl or acyl group, the reaction solvent is the corresponding methanol or ethanol, acetic acid is used as the catalyst, and the reaction is carried out at 70°C. 48 hours.
  • the limonoid compound of the general formula III is prepared from the limonoid compound of the general formula I, the reaction reagent is the corresponding iodoalkane, pyrrolidine, the solvent is ethanol and benzene, the reaction temperature is 20° C., and the reaction is 3 hours.
  • the invention also discloses the application of the limonoid compound as a drug for treating hydatid echinococcosis.
  • it also includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts formed by limonoid compounds and acids and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and the acids are hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, One or more of phosphoric acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, acetic acid, maleic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or ferulic acid.
  • the acids are hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, One or more of phosphoric acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, acetic acid, maleic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or ferulic acid.
  • the present invention has the following significant advantages:
  • the limonoid compound prepared by the present invention is used as a medicine for treating echinococcosis hydatid disease, and can effectively resist hydatid echinococcosis, and the inhibition rate reaches 95%, which is much higher than that of the existing commonly used albendazole.
  • the inhibition rate is 77.4%.
  • it can protect the liver, avoid the liver and kidney damage caused by the drugs used in the prior art, and can repair damaged liver cells. It has an excellent effect on the treatment of echinococcosis echinococcosis.
  • Figure 1 Eosin staining of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleia incubated with limonoid compounds and positive drug albendazole in vitro for 3 days;
  • Figure 2 The eosin staining diagram of the 5-day incubation of limonoid compounds and positive drug albendazole on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleia;
  • Figure 3 Histogram of the inhibition results of limonoid compounds and albendazole on Echinococcus granulosus in vitro;
  • FIG. 4 H.E staining results of liver tissue of mice after limonin and albendazole were intervened by Echinococcus granulosus infection;
  • Figure 5 H.E staining results of mouse kidney tissue after limonin and albendazole were intervened by Echinococcus granulosus infection;
  • Figure 6 H.E staining results of cyst tissue of mice after limonin and albendazole were intervened by Echinococcus granulosus infection;
  • Fig. 7 for limonin and albendazole intervention by the result of the cyst after the infection of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleum;
  • Fig. 8 Histogram of the wet weight of capsules in each group after 3 weeks of drug treatment.
  • Example 2 Take 0.1 g of the compound prepared in Example 1, 0.5 g of starch, 0.05 g of talcum powder, and an appropriate amount of CMC-Na as a wetting agent, granulate, and compress into tablets.
  • Echinococcus granulosus was isolated in vitro, cultured in 24-well plate aseptically, added different concentrations of limonin and limonin derivatives, and intervened by the positive drug albendazole, divided into solvent group (0.1% DMSO control group), limonin group (80 ⁇ M), phellodendron group (80 ⁇ M), derivative group (80 ⁇ M), albendazole group (40 ⁇ M) were intervened for 0 days, 3 days, and 5 days respectively, and the drug effects of the parasites were observed. Changes, and the use of eosin to observe the protoscoleum activity.
  • Figure 1 and Figure 2 are respectively the eosin staining images of limonoid compounds and positive drug albendazole on Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleum incubated in vitro for 3 days and 5 days, where a: blank Group, b: albendazole, c: limonin, d: compound II-5, e: compound II-10, f: compound II-13, you can see the raw material after treatment with limonin and its derivatives Head larvae, enlarged volume, scolex valgus, and abnormal overall shape. After eosin staining, the in vitro inhibition rate after treatment is shown in Figure 3.
  • the anti-hydatid activity of limonin in vitro is better than that of albendazole treatment group, and the synthesized Some of the limonin derivatives exhibit a dose-dependent relationship of anti-hydatid activity.
  • the experimental results show that limonin and its derivatives have therapeutic effects on echinococcosis in vitro.
  • mice that were successfully modeled were subjected to pharmacodynamic tests.
  • the experimental groups were divided into three groups: blank group, positive drug group (albendazole group), and treatment group (limonin group), with a dosage of 50 mg /kg/day, a total of 15 days.
  • the specific implementation is as follows: in the albendazole group and the limonin group, the medicine is dissolved in a mortar and ground with 0.4% CMC-Na, and is administered orally at 50 mg/kg/day according to the daily drug intake of each mouse.
  • the volume is 0.2ml.
  • livers, kidneys and cysts of the mice in each group were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded and sectioned, and after H&E staining, the livers, kidneys and cysts of each experimental group were observed.
  • a normal group
  • b model group
  • c albendazole treatment group
  • d limonin treatment group
  • Part of the cells lose their characteristic cell structure, because limonin has a certain hepatoprotective effect and can repair damaged liver cells, and albendazole has liver damage.
  • Figure 5 where a: normal group; b: model group; c: albendazole treatment group; d: limonin treatment group, the kidney tissue cells of the limonin group and albendazole partially lost their characteristics The sex cell structure was damaged to some extent.
  • Limonin and its derivatives of the present invention are a new class of natural compounds that can be used in the development of anti-hydatid drugs.
  • In vivo pharmacodynamic data suggest that limonin is a class of relatively efficient anti-hydatid drug molecules, and the key members of this signaling pathway It can also be used as a target for screening new drugs for echinococcosis echinococcosis.
  • the invention can provide a new approach for the treatment of echinococcosis.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种柠檬苦素类化合物、制备方法及其作为治疗棘球蚴包虫病药物的应用，所述通式I、II、III所示的柠檬苦素类化合物采用成腙反应或碱催化反应即可在常温常压下高效制备而得，其制备工艺简单，且在治疗棘球蚴包虫病的药物应用上有极好的疗效，抗棘球蚴包虫的抑制率达到95％，同时可修复受损的肝脏细胞，能达到保肝功效，避免用药导致的肝肾损伤的情况。

Description

柠檬苦素类化合物、制备方法及其作为治疗棘球蚴包虫病药物的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学领域，具体涉及一种柠檬苦素类化合物、制备方法及其作为治疗棘球蚴包虫病药物的应用。
背景技术
棘球蚴病又称包虫病，是由棘球绦虫的幼虫(棘球蚴)寄生于人体和动物体内引起的一种严重的人兽共患寄生虫病，呈世界性分布，我国是高发区。在我国流行的有细粒棘球绦虫、多房棘球绦虫和石渠棘球绦虫，其中以细粒棘球绦虫幼虫引起的囊型棘球蚴病为主。CE可导致人畜死亡，并且致使我国畜牧业每年直接经济损失30亿元以上。我国CE流行区主要分布于北部和西北部的广大牧区和农牧区，近年来该病有从畜牧地区向农业地区蔓延的趋势。目前的治疗手段，包含手术治疗和药物治疗两个方面，其中手术治疗往往伴随着复发的危险，因为小囊肿去除不充分的因素存在，以及穿刺时囊液的外溢使子囊或头节污染腹腔，或因手术过程中囊肿破裂形成的继发性包虫囊肿。在药物治疗方面，国际采用的治疗药物为吡喹酮和苯并咪唑类化合物，阿苯达唑就是其中代表药物之一，在治疗细粒棘球蚴和泡型棘球蚴方面存在明显的优势，提高了患者的存活时间和生存质量，但临床研究表明，此类药物的治愈率仅30％，症状一定程度上改善额患者占30％～50％，并存在个体差异大，疗效不稳定等问题。阿苯达唑上市以来，临床研究表明床研究表明其存在严重的副作用，如脑炎综合征、急性肝损伤、溶血性贫血、过敏性休克、肾衰甚至死亡等症状，此外，阿苯达唑在治疗细粒棘球蚴患者的过程中主要是通过抑虫作用，而没有杀虫的作用。阿苯达唑需要长期服用，这在一定程度上增加了患者乃至整个社会的经济负担。
Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-000001
柠檬苦素类化合物在化学结构上均具有典型的结构，即都是含有4,4,8-三甲基-17-呋喃甾体骨架或是由其衍生而来，由天然植物中提取分离产生，柠檬苦素是一类具有特殊结构和功能的植物次生物质，是三萜的降四碳产物，主要存在于芸香料和楝科植物中所有天然产生的柠檬苦素在D环C-17处都连接一个呋喃环，同时在C-3，C-4，C-7，C-16以及C-17连接含氧官能团。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明针对现有技术中存在的治疗棘球蚴包虫病药物无杀虫作用、需长期服用且毒副作用极大的问题，提供一种柠檬苦素类化合物，还提供了上述柠檬苦素类化合物的制备方法及其作为治疗棘球蚴包虫病药物的应用。
技术方案：本发明的柠檬苦素类化合物结构通式为：
Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-000002
其中X代表：-O-，-CH 2-，Bond
R 1代表：C1～C6的烷基、
Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-000004
R 2代表邻间对取代的所有C1～C4的烷基、-X、-CX 3、-OCH 3、-NH 2、-NO 2、
Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-000005
-OH。
R 3代表C1～C2的所有烷基，＝CH 2。
上述通式I的柠檬苦素类化合物的制备方法为：
Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-000006
其中，当通式I的柠檬苦素类化合物中X取代基分别为-O-，Bond，-CH 2-时，所示化合物为Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ；由化合物Ⅳ制备化合物Ⅴ的过程，反应试剂为氢碘酸；反应溶剂为乙酸。由化合物Ⅴ制备化合物Ⅵ的过程，用氯化亚铜为催化剂，二碘甲烷与锌粉在乙醚中搅拌48h，反应温度40℃。
上述通式II的柠檬苦素类化合物的制备方法：
Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-000007
通式II的柠檬苦素类化合物是由通式I的柠檬苦素类化合物制备，反应试剂为对应烷基或酰基的肼，反应溶剂为对应的甲醇或乙醇，乙酸做催化剂，70℃，反应48小时。
上述通式III的柠檬苦素类化合物的制备方法：
Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-000008
通式III的柠檬苦素类化合物是由通式I的柠檬苦素类化合物制备，反应试剂为对应的碘代烷，吡咯烷，溶剂为乙醇和苯，反应温度20℃，反应3小时。
本发明还公开了柠檬苦素类化合物作为治疗棘球蚴包虫病药物的应用。
优选的，还包括柠檬苦素类化合物与酸形成的药学上可接受的盐及药学上可接受的载体，所述酸为氯化氢、溴化氢、硫酸、碳酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、磷酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、乙酸、马来酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸或阿魏酸中的一种或多种。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下显著优点：
本发明所制备的柠檬苦素类化合物，用于治疗棘球蚴包虫病药物，能高效的抗棘球蚴包虫，抑制率达到95％，远高于现有常用的阿苯达唑的抑制率77.4％；同时达到保肝功效，避免现有技术所用药物会出现的肝肾损伤，同时可修复受损的肝脏细胞，对于棘球蚴包虫病的治疗有着极好的效果。
附图说明
图1：柠檬苦素类化合物与阳性药阿苯达唑在体外对细粒棘球蚴原头蚴孵育3天的伊红染色图；
图2：柠檬苦素类化合物与阳性药阿苯达唑在体外对细粒棘球蚴原头蚴孵育5天的伊红染色图；
图3：柠檬苦素类化合物与阿苯达唑在体外对细粒棘球蚴的抑制结果柱状图；
图4：为柠檬苦素与阿苯达唑干预由细粒棘球蚴原头蚴感染后小鼠肝脏组织H.E染色结果；
图5：柠檬苦素与阿苯达唑干预由细粒棘球蚴原头蚴感染后小鼠肾脏组织H.E染色结果；
图6：柠檬苦素与阿苯达唑干预由细粒棘球蚴原头蚴感染后小鼠包囊组织H.E染色结果；
图7:为柠檬苦素与阿苯达唑干预由细粒棘球蚴原头蚴感染后囊肿的结果；
图8:药物治疗3周后各组囊湿重重量柱状图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
实施例1
化合物II-1的制备
以化合物柠檬苦素为起始原料，50ml茄形瓶中依次加入柠檬苦素0.4725g，甲醇20ml，冰醋酸0.200ml，噻吩甲酰肼0.2148g，70℃搅拌48h。TLC检测至反应完全，冷却，减压蒸出溶剂。粗品用二氯甲烷：甲醇(100:1)柱层析，得到II-1白色固体，0.2507g，收率42％。分子式为：C 31H 34N 2O 8S，HR-ESUMSm/z：595.2113[M+H] +， 1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.93(s,1H),7.93(s,1H),7.85(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H),7.75–7.73(m,1H),7.68(t,J＝1.7Hz,1H),7.20(dd,J＝5.0,3.7Hz,1H),6.51(dd,J＝2.0,0.8Hz,1H),5.47(s,1H),4.84(s,1H),4.42(d,J＝12.9Hz,1H),4.10(d,J＝3.6Hz,1H),4.02(s,1H),2.81(d,J＝16.4Hz,1H),2.62(dd,J＝16.4,3.9Hz,1H),2.42(d,J＝15.3Hz,1H),2.25–2.17(m,1H),1.84(d,J＝43.4Hz,4H),1.22(s,3H),1.18(s,3H),1.04(s,3H)。
化合物II-2的制备
以化合物柠檬苦素为起始原料，50ml茄形瓶中依次加入柠檬苦素0.4041g， 甲醇10ml，冰醋酸0.100ml，对甲氧基苯甲酰肼0.2144g，70℃搅拌48h。TLC检测至反应完全，冷却，减压蒸出溶剂。粗品用二氯甲烷：甲醇(120:1)柱层析，得到II-2白色固体，0.3879g，收率73％。分子式为：C 34H 38N 2O 9，HR-ESUMS m/z：641.2482[M+Na] +， 1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.83(s,1H),7.77(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),7.74(s,1H),7.68(t,J＝1.7Hz,1H),7.31(d,J＝7.9Hz,2H),6.51(s,1H),5.45(s,1H),4.84(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.43(d,J＝12.8Hz,1H),4.09(s,2H),2.82(d,J＝16.5Hz,1H),2.62(dd,J＝16.4,4.0Hz,1H),2.38(s,3H),2.18(d,J＝14.2Hz,1H),1.77(s,4H),1.23(d,J＝3.6Hz,4H),1.17(s,3H),1.03(s,3H),0.99(s,3H)。
化合物II-3的制备
以化合物柠檬苦素为起始原料，50ml茄形瓶中依次加入柠檬苦素，0.4730g，甲醇20ml，冰醋酸0.200ml，3-羟基苯甲酰肼0.2300g，70℃搅拌48h。TLC检测至反应完全，冷却，减压蒸出溶剂。粗品用二氯甲烷：甲醇(80:1)柱层析，得到II-3白色固体，0.3042g，收率50％。分子式为：C 33H 36N 2O 9，HR-ESUMS m/z：627.2319[M+Na] +， 1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.81(s,1H),9.74(s,1H),7.74(d,J＝1.4Hz,1H),7.68(t,J＝1.7Hz,1H),7.29(d,J＝5.5Hz,2H),7.22(s,1H),6.97–6.92(m,1H),6.55–6.49(m,1H),5.45(s,1H),4.84(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.43(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.12–4.09(m,2H),3.18(s,1H),3.16(s,1H),2.82(d,J＝16.4Hz,1H),2.62(dd,J＝16.4,3.9Hz,1H),2.40(d,J＝14.6Hz,1H),2.18(d,J＝14.5Hz,1H),1.77(s,4H),1.20(d,J＝14.8Hz,6H),1.01(d,J＝13.7Hz,6H)。
化合物II-4的制备
以化合物柠檬苦素为起始原料，50ml茄形瓶中依次加入柠檬苦素，0.4729g，甲醇20ml，冰醋酸0.200ml，4-羟基苯甲酰肼0.2304g，70℃搅拌48h。TLC检测至反应完全，冷却，减压蒸出溶剂。粗品用二氯甲烷：甲醇(100:1)柱层析，得到II-4白色固体，0.2193g，收率36％。分子式为：C 33H 36N 2O 9，HR-ESUMS m/z：627.2322[M+Na] +， 1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.65(s,1H),10.07(s,1H),7.76(s,1H),7.74(d,J＝1.6Hz,2H),7.68(t,J＝1.7Hz,1H),6.85–6.81(m,2H),6.51(dd,J＝2.0,0.8Hz,1H),5.45(s,1H),4.83(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.42(d,J＝12.9 Hz,1H),4.09(s,2H),2.82(d,J＝16.3Hz,1H),2.62(dd,J＝16.5,4.0Hz,1H),2.38(d,J＝14.7Hz,1H),2.22–2.14(m,1H),1.76(s,4H),1.23(d,J＝6.8Hz,5H),1.17(s,3H),1.03(s,3H),0.99(s,3H)。
化合物II-5的制备
以化合物柠檬苦素为起始原料，50ml茄形瓶中依次加入柠檬苦素，0.4694g，甲醇20ml，冰醋酸0.200ml，苯甲酰肼0.2046g，70℃搅拌48h。TLC检测至反应完全，冷却，减压蒸出溶剂。粗品用二氯甲烷：甲醇(100:1)柱层析，得到II-5白色固体，0.2760g，收率47％。分子式为：C 33H 36N 2O 8，HR-ESUMS m/z：589.2541[M+H] +， 1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.92(s,1H),7.86(d,J＝7.4Hz,2H),7.74(s,1H),7.68(t,J＝1.7Hz,1H),7.61–7.55(m,1H),7.51(t,J＝7.3Hz,2H),6.52(s,1H),5.46(s,1H),4.85(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.43(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.10(d,J＝5.0Hz,2H),2.95(d,J＝14.2Hz,1H),2.82(d,J＝16.4Hz,1H),2.63(dd,J＝16.5,4.0Hz,1H),2.42(d,J＝14.8Hz,1H),2.19(d,J＝14.6Hz,1H),1.77(s,3H),1.25(d,J＝4.6Hz,3H),1.18(s,3H),1.04(s,3H),1.00(s,3H)。
化合物II-6的制备
以化合物柠檬苦素为起始原料，50ml茄形瓶中依次加入柠檬苦素，0.4707g，甲醇20ml，冰醋酸0.200ml，对甲基苯甲酰肼0.2258g，70℃搅拌48h。TLC检测至反应完全，冷却，减压蒸出溶剂。粗品用二氯甲烷：甲醇(100:1)柱层析，得到II-6白色固体，0.3087g，收率51％。分子式为：C 34H 38N 2O 8，HR-ESUMS m/z：625.2526[M+Na] +， 1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.77(s,1H),7.85(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),7.74(d,J＝1.5Hz,1H),7.68(t,J＝1.8Hz,1H),7.04(d,J＝8.7Hz,2H),6.51(d,J＝1.6Hz,1H),5.45(s,1H),4.84(d,J＝13.1Hz,1H),4.43(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.09(s,2H),3.83(s,3H),2.62(dd,J＝16.6,4.0Hz,1H),2.40(d,J＝14.9Hz,1H),2.18(d,J＝14.6Hz,1H),1.76(s,4H),1.22(s,3H),1.17(s,3H),1.03(s,3H),0.99(s,3H)。
化合物II-7的制备
以化合物柠檬苦素为起始原料，50ml茄形瓶中依次加入柠檬苦素，0.4704g，甲醇20ml，冰醋酸0.200ml，4-氨基甲酰肼0.2268g，70℃搅拌48h。TLC 检测至反应完全，冷却，减压蒸出溶剂。粗品用二氯甲烷：甲醇(100:1)柱层析，得到II-7白色固体，0.3526g，收率58％。分子式为：C 33H 37N 3O 8，HR-ESUMS m/z：626.2480[M+Na] +， 1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.41(s,1H),7.75–7.72(m,1H),7.68(t,J＝1.7Hz,1H),7.61(d,J＝8.6Hz,2H),6.57(d,J＝8.6Hz,2H),6.51(dd,J＝2.0,0.8Hz,1H),5.73(s,2H),5.45(s,1H),4.82(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.42(d,J＝12.9Hz,1H),4.13(s,1H),3.17(d,J＝5.2Hz,0H),2.91(d,J＝14.4Hz,1H),2.81(d,J＝16.4Hz,1H),2.62(dd,J＝16.5,4.0Hz,1H),2.36(d,J＝14.7Hz,1H),2.17(d,J＝14.5Hz,1H),1.91(s,1H),1.75(d,J＝9.0Hz,3H),1.22(s,3H),1.17(s,3H),1.03(s,3H),0.98(s,3H)。
化合物II-8的制备
以化合物柠檬苦素为起始原料，50ml茄形瓶中依次加入柠檬苦素，0.4032g，甲醇20ml，冰醋酸0.200ml，4-氯苯甲酰肼0.2204g，70℃搅拌48h。TLC检测至反应完全，冷却，减压蒸出溶剂。粗品用二氯甲烷：甲醇(100:1)柱层析，得到II-8白色固体，0.2721g，收率51％。分子式为：C 33H 35ClN 2O 8，HR-ESUMS m/z：645.1985[M+Na] +， 1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.99(s,1H),7.89(d,J＝8.2Hz,2H),7.73(s,1H),7.67(t,J＝1.7Hz,1H),7.58(d,J＝8.1Hz,2H),6.51(s,1H),5.45(s,1H),4.85(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.42(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.09(s,2H),2.87(d,J＝15.3Hz,0H),2.76(d,J＝16.2Hz,1H),2.63(dd,J＝16.5,4.0Hz,1H),2.41(d,J＝14.9Hz,1H),2.18(d,J＝14.2Hz,1H),1.77(s,4H),1.24(d,J＝3.6Hz,4H),1.17(s,3H),1.04(s,3H),0.99(s,3H)。
化合物II-9的制备
以化合物柠檬苦素为起始原料，50ml茄形瓶中依次加入柠檬苦素，0.4011g，甲醇20ml，冰醋酸0.200ml，3-氯苯甲酰肼0.2147g，70℃搅拌48h。TLC检测至反应完全，冷却，减压蒸出溶剂。粗品用二氯甲烷：甲醇(100:1)柱层析，得到II-9白色固体，0.2853g，收率54％。分子式为：C 33H 35ClN 2O 8，HR-ESUMS m/z：645.2021[M+Na] +， 1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.03(s,1H),7.90(s,1H),7.83(d,J＝7.4Hz,1H),7.74(s,1H),7.68(t,J＝1.7Hz,1H),7.64(s,1H),7.55(t,J＝7.8Hz,1H),6.51(s,1H),5.45(s,1H),4.85(d,J＝12.9Hz,1H),4.43(d,J＝ 12.9Hz,1H),4.09(s,2H),2.87(d,J＝15.0Hz,0H),2.76(d,J＝16.7Hz,1H),2.63(dd,J＝16.5,4.0Hz,1H),2.42(d,J＝14.9Hz,1H),2.18(d,J＝14.4Hz,1H),1.77(s,4H),1.24–1.23(m,5H),1.18(s,3H),1.04(s,3H),1.00(s,3H)。分子式为：
化合物II-10的制备
以化合物柠檬苦素为起始原料，50ml茄形瓶中依次加入柠檬苦素，0.4695g，甲醇20ml，冰醋酸0.200ml，2-吡嗪甲酰肼0.2079g，70℃搅拌48h。TLC检测至反应完全，冷却，减压蒸出溶剂。粗品用二氯甲烷：甲醇(100:1)柱层析，得到II-3白色固体，0.1375g，收率23％。分子式为：C 31H 34N 4O 8，HR-ESUMS m/z：613.2276[M+Na] +， 1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.25(s,1H),9.20(d,J＝1.5Hz,1H),8.91(d,J＝2.5Hz,1H),8.79(dd,J＝2.5,1.5Hz,1H),7.75(s,1H),7.68(t,J＝1.8Hz,1H),6.52(d,J＝1.3Hz,1H),5.47(s,1H),4.84(d,J＝12.9Hz,1H),4.44(d,J＝13.4Hz,1H),4.11(d,J＝6.1Hz,2H),3.13(t,J＝15.1Hz,0H),2.91(d,J＝14.6Hz,1H),2.82(d,J＝16.3Hz,1H),2.65(d,J＝3.9Hz,1H),2.60(d,J＝3.1Hz,1H),2.45(s,0H),2.31(d,J＝3.1Hz,0H),2.26(d,J＝3.3Hz,0H),1.24(s,4H),1.18(d,J＝5.0Hz,4H),1.11(s,1H),1.05–0.99(m,7H)。
化合物II-11的制备
以化合物柠檬苦素为起始原料，50ml茄形瓶中依次加入柠檬苦素，0.4033g，甲醇20ml，冰醋酸0.200ml，异烟肼0.1712g，70℃搅拌48h。TLC检测至反应完全，冷却，减压蒸出溶剂。粗品用二氯甲烷：甲醇(100:1)柱层析，得到II-11白色固体，0.1310g，收率30％。分子式为：C 32H 35N 3O 8，HR-ESUMS m/z：598.2541[M+H] +,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.09(s,1H),9.01(s,1H),8.21(d,J＝8.0Hz,1H),7.74(s,1H),7.68(t,J＝1.8Hz,1H),7.56(d,J＝7.1Hz,1H),6.52(s,1H),5.46(s,1H),4.85(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.43(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.13–4.07(m,2H),2.99(d,J＝14.6Hz,1H),2.82(d,J＝16.4Hz,1H),2.63(dd,J＝16.4,4.0Hz,1H),2.43(d,J＝14.9Hz,1H),2.18(d,J＝14.1Hz,1H),1.77(s,3H),1.21(d,J＝21.3Hz,9H),1.05(s,3H),1.00(s,4H)。
化合物II-12的制备
以化合物柠檬苦素为起始原料，50ml茄形瓶中依次加入柠檬苦素，0.4061g， 甲醇20ml，冰醋酸0.200ml，3-吡啶甲酰肼0.1702g，70℃搅拌48h。TLC检测至反应完全，冷却，减压蒸出溶剂。粗品用二氯甲烷：甲醇(100:1)柱层析，得到II-12白色固体，0.1128g，收率30％。分子式为：C 32H 35N 3O 8，HR-ESUMS m/z：598.2541[M+H] +， 1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.08(s,1H),9.01(s,1H),8.74(d,J＝4.8Hz,1H),8.20(d,J＝7.9Hz,1H),7.73(s,1H),7.67(t,J＝1.8Hz,1H),7.55(d,J＝7.0Hz,1H),6.51(s,1H),5.45(s,1H),4.84(d,J＝13.1Hz,1H),4.42(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.17–4.00(m,2H),2.96(s,0H),2.81(d,J＝16.4Hz,1H),2.62(dd,J＝16.4,4.0Hz,1H),2.50(p,J＝1.9Hz,9H),2.19(s,1H),1.76(s,3H),1.38–1.29(m,2H),1.24(d,J＝6.2Hz,3H),1.18(s,5H),1.04(s,3H),0.99(s,4H)。
化合物II-13的制备
以化合物柠檬苦素为起始原料，50ml茄形瓶中依次加入柠檬苦素，0.4717g，甲醇20ml，冰醋酸0.200ml，4-三氟甲基苯甲酰肼0.3062g，70℃搅拌48h。TLC检测至反应完全，冷却，减压蒸出溶剂。粗品用二氯甲烷：甲醇(100:1)柱层析，得到II-13白色固体，0.1908g，收率30％。分子式为：C 34H 35F 3N 2O 8，HR-ESUMS m/z：657.1222[M+H] +， 1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ11.14(s,1H),8.06(d,J＝8.0Hz,2H),7.90(d,J＝8.1Hz,2H),7.74(s,1H),7.67(t,J＝1.7Hz,1H),6.52(s,1H),5.46(s,1H),4.86(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.43(d,J＝13.0Hz,1H),4.10(s,2H),2.94(d,J＝14.4Hz,1H),2.82(d,J＝16.4Hz,1H),2.66(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H),2.60(d,J＝3.9Hz,0H),2.19(d,J＝14.6Hz,1H),1.78(s,4H),1.24(s,4H),1.18(s,3H),1.04(s,4H),1.02–0.99(m,3H)。
实施例2
取实施例1所制备的化合物0.1g，淀粉0.5g，滑石粉0.05g，适量的CMC-Na做润湿剂，制粒，压片。
实施例3
柠檬苦素类化合物作为治疗棘球蚴包虫病药物的应用：
实验内容：
1.1体外培养细粒棘球蚴原头蚴的药物干预
体外分离细粒棘球蚴原头蚴，24孔板无菌培养，添加不同浓度的柠檬苦素、 柠檬苦素衍生物，阳性药阿苯达唑进行干预，分为溶剂组(0.1％DMSO对照组)，柠檬苦素组(80μM)，黄柏酮组(80μM)，衍生物组(80μM)，阿苯达唑组(40μM)分别干预0天、3天、5天，观察虫体的药物作用变化，并利用伊红观察原头蚴活性。实验结果见图1和图2,分别为柠檬苦素类化合物与阳性药阿苯达唑在体外对细粒棘球蚴原头蚴孵育3天和5天的伊红染色图，其中a：空白组，b：阿苯达唑，c：柠檬苦素，d：化合物II-5，e：化合物II-10，f：化合物II-13，可以看见经过柠檬苦素及其衍生物处理过后的原头蚴，体积膨大，头节外翻，整体形态异常，伊红染色后，处理后的体外抑制率见图3，柠檬苦素体外抗包虫活性优于阿苯达唑治疗组，且所合成的部分柠檬苦素衍生物对抗包虫活性呈现计量依赖性关系，由实验结果可见，柠檬苦素及其衍生物体外治疗棘球蚴包虫病有治疗效果。
1.2体内对经细粒棘球蚴感染的小鼠的药物干预
1.2.1模型接种
(1)取感染包虫病的患者的包虫囊用75％乙醇小心处理后，转移入生物安全柜中，用50ml的无菌注射器小心吸取囊液于无菌的烧杯中，静置待原头节自然沉降后，弃去上清，用无菌的PBS清洗三次，调节原头节密度为10000个原头节/毫升，采取腹腔注射，每只KM鼠腹腔注射0.2ml的原头节混悬液，感染150天，随机取小鼠解剖，看是否造模成功。
(2)造模成功的小鼠进行药效学试验，实验分组为空白组、阳性药物组(阿苯达唑组)、治疗组(柠檬苦素组)，共三组，给药剂量为50mg/kg/天，共15天。
具体实施如下：阿苯达唑组和柠檬苦素组，药物用0.4％的CMC-Na溶解在研钵研磨后，按照每只小鼠每天摄入药物量为50mg/kg/天口服给药，体积为0.2ml。持续给药15天后安乐死处死小鼠，从腹腔内将包囊收集，测量囊湿重，并计算药物对包囊的抑制率，抑制率＝(空白组囊湿重-治疗组囊湿重)/空白组囊湿重*100％，记录小鼠体重，囊湿重，取肝脏、肾脏和囊做病理切片，观察肾脏和肝脏的变化、囊壁厚度、生发层厚薄等情况。最后运用spss 20.0进行统计学分析，数据以平均值±标准差来进行表示，组间采用One-way ANOVA分析，p值小于0.05有统计学差异。
(3)将各组小鼠的肝、肾和包囊用4％的多聚甲醛固定后包埋切片，H&E染色 后，对各组实验组，肝脏、肾脏和包囊进行观察。
如图4所示，其中a：正常组；b：模型组；c：阿苯达唑治疗组；d：柠檬苦素治疗组；柠檬苦素组肝脏组形态正常，阿苯达唑的肝组织细胞部分失去特征性细胞结构，因柠檬苦素具有一定保肝的作用，可修复受损的肝脏细胞，阿苯达唑有肝损伤。如图5所示，其中a：正常组；b：模型组；c：阿苯达唑治疗组；d：柠檬苦素治疗组，柠檬苦素组、阿苯达唑的肾脏组织细胞部分失去特征性细胞结构，均有一定的损伤。
如图6所示，为柠檬苦素与阿苯达唑干预由细粒棘球蚴原头蚴感染后小鼠包囊组织H.E染色结果，其中a：模型组，b：阿苯达唑治疗组，c：柠檬苦素治疗组，可见经过柠檬苦素治疗的包虫囊组织明显改变，角质层变薄或消失，整个外膜出现了大量大面积的空泡，结构发生了严重的改变，生发层细胞变薄或消失；由此可见柠檬苦素类化合物能有效治疗棘球蚴包虫病，具有极好的杀虫效果
表1、治疗3周后各组小鼠包囊湿重和抑制率
Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-000009
如图7、图8和表1所示，治疗3周后各组小鼠包囊湿重，与模型组(4.1955±2.7995g)相比，阿苯达唑组(0.9480±0.5558g)、柠檬苦素组(0.2037±0.2259g)的小鼠包囊湿重下降显著，小鼠体内包囊几近消失(p＝0.017，p＝0.03)，同时，对比柠檬苦素组和阳性药阿苯达唑组，可见柠檬苦素治疗效果显著于阿苯达唑组(p＝0.021)，抑制率达到95％。
本发明柠檬苦素及其衍生物是一类新型天然化合物可用于抗包虫药物的开发，体内药效学数据提示柠檬苦素是一类较为高效的抗包虫药物分子，该信号通路关键成员也可以作为棘球蚴包虫病新型药物筛选的靶点。本发明可以为包虫病的治疗提供新途径。

Claims (7)

  1. 柠檬苦素类化合物在制备治疗棘球蚴包虫病药物中的应用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，还包括柠檬苦素类化合物与酸形成的药学上可接受的盐及药学上可接受的载体。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述酸为氯化氢、溴化氢、硫酸、碳酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、磷酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、乙酸、马来酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸或阿魏酸中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述柠檬苦素类化合物为如I或II或III所示的通式：
    Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-100001
    其中，X为-O-，-CH 2-，Bond中的一种；
    R 1为C1～C6的烷基、
    Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-100004
    中的一种；
    R 2为邻间对取代的所有C1～C4的烷基、-X、-CX 3、-OCH 3、-NH 2、-NO 2、
    Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-100005
    -OH中的一种；
    R 3为C1～C2的所有烷基，＝CH 2中的一种。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的通式II的柠檬苦素类化合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-100006
    其中反应试剂为烷基肼或酰基肼，反应溶剂为甲醇或乙醇溶液。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的通式III的柠檬苦素类化合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    Figure PCTCN2022098839-appb-100007
    其中反应试剂为碘代烷或吡咯烷，溶剂为乙醇或苯溶液。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的应用，其特征在于，通式II的柠檬苦素类化合物是由通式I的柠檬苦素类化合物制备过程中，采用的催化剂为乙酸。
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