WO2022233582A2 - Procédé pour faire fonctionner une installation de stockage, installation de stockage, programme de commande et support lisible par ordinateur - Google Patents

Procédé pour faire fonctionner une installation de stockage, installation de stockage, programme de commande et support lisible par ordinateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022233582A2
WO2022233582A2 PCT/EP2022/060516 EP2022060516W WO2022233582A2 WO 2022233582 A2 WO2022233582 A2 WO 2022233582A2 EP 2022060516 W EP2022060516 W EP 2022060516W WO 2022233582 A2 WO2022233582 A2 WO 2022233582A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arrangement
low
pressure
joule
loading
Prior art date
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PCT/EP2022/060516
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2022233582A3 (fr
Inventor
Sergej Belik
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.
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Application filed by Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. filed Critical Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.
Priority to EP22725374.7A priority Critical patent/EP4334574A2/fr
Publication of WO2022233582A2 publication Critical patent/WO2022233582A2/fr
Publication of WO2022233582A3 publication Critical patent/WO2022233582A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/186—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters using electric heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/005—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant by means of a heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/12—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having two or more accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a storage system for storing electrical energy, converting it into thermal energy, in which, in a loading process, a high-temperature storage device is used via a loading side by means of a loading arrangement, with the storage of, in particular, electrical energy that has been fed in Form of thermal energy is loaded and in a discharging process by means of a Rankine process on a discharge side, the high-temperature storage device is discharged under storage of the thermal energy from the high-temperature storage device and conversion into electrical energy gy.
  • a method of the type mentioned above and a storage power plant are specified in EP 3 054 155 A1.
  • a high-temperature heat storage system is thermally coupled both on a loading side and on a discharging side and is used to generate steam in a discharging process.
  • EP 2 101 051 A1 shows a power plant for using overcapacity from a power grid, with electrical energy being stored directly in a heat accumulator via a heating element.
  • a Rankine cycle is used to discharge and convert the heat back into electricity.
  • EP 2 653 668 A1 shows a method and a system for storing and delivering thermal energy based on a Rankine process on which the discharge cycle is based.
  • WO 2021/026863 A2 specifies a method and a system in which a heat accumulator is charged in a charging cycle designed as a heat pump process and discharged in a discharging process designed as a Rankine process.
  • WO 2015/131 940 A1 shows a high-temperature energy storage system with a first circuit designed as a heat pump and a fourth circuit designed as a steam power cycle.
  • the second circuit and the third circuit are each thermal coupling circuits between the first and fourth circuit and a thermal energy store.
  • a low-temperature heat source can be coupled into the first circuit and/or into the fourth circuit.
  • a central challenge to ensure competitiveness is to improve the energy and cost efficiency of such storage power plants.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a method with which the overall efficiency (current-to-current efficiency) of a storage system of the type mentioned can be increased, as well as a storage system with increased overall efficiency, a corresponding control program and computer-readable Medium with the control program.
  • the object is achieved for the method with the features of claim 1, for the storage system with the features of claim 13, for the control program with the features of claim 28 and for the computer-readable medium with the features of claim 29.
  • the method provides that an energy conversion arrangement of the storage system that is present in addition to the loading arrangement in the storage system forms a second Joule arrangement (for carrying out a clockwise and/or counterclockwise Joule cycle) of the storage system with a low-pressure side and a high-pressure side and compressor/turbine arrangements arranged in between - to compress or expand the working medium to the respective pressure level, during the charging process and/or during the discharging process of the storage system in a heat pump process (as the Joule cycle running counterclockwise) and/or in a thermal power process (as clockwise joule cycle) is operated.
  • a heat pump process as the Joule cycle running counterclockwise
  • a thermal power process as clockwise joule cycle
  • An exemplary second Joule arrangement which is suitable for coupling with an adapted design, is specified in DE 10 2020 110560.6, which was still unpublished on the priority date and was filed with the German Patent and Trademark Office on April 17, 2020, with the same being used there as an independent thermal potential storage system - ge, can be removed without being coupled into a surrounding storage facility.
  • the discharging process can be, for example, a supercritical process in modern coal-fired power plants, a conventional process involving evaporation and reheating of steam or organic working fluids, with the steam generating device being designed accordingly.
  • the water-steam process is based in particular on the Clausius-Rankine process (CRC) as a comparative process.
  • Other/additional steam processes are based in particular on the Organic Rankine Process (ORC) as a comparative process.
  • the Rankine cycle includes a steam turbine arrangement, a condensing arrangement, conveying devices (feed water pumps) and a steam generation device.
  • the loading process takes place via a heat pump process within the loading arrangement, the loading arrangement being a first Joule arrangement comprising a low-pressure side and a high-pressure side, with an intermediate compressor arrangement and turbine arrangement , is trained.
  • the loading side is thus designed as a Joule arrangement.
  • the discharge process uses the high power density of the Rankine process.
  • the charging side in particular the first Joule arrangement, preferably has at least one low-temperature storage device on the low-pressure side for storing low-temperature heat generated by the first Joule arrangement, ie “cold”, which is thermally connected to the discharging side, in particular with the condensing arrangement.
  • This cold can advantageously be used to condense the Rankine working fluid in the discharge process, ie in the Rankine cycle, be coupled.
  • the decoupling of the cooling temperature from ambient conditions creates an additional degree of freedom, whereby the temperature level for cooling can also be designed for low temperatures (e.g. below 0 °C, e.g. down to -100 °C). . This also increases the theoretical efficiency (Carnot efficiency) of the storage system.
  • the second Joule arrangement is particularly preferably operated as a storage arrangement, with a high-pressure-side high-temperature storage device of the second Joule arrangement being charged in a second charging process using the heat pump process and being discharged in a second discharging process using the thermal power process.
  • the second Joule arrangement also includes a low-temperature storage device on the low-pressure side, in which the generated low-temperature heat is stored.
  • the second Joule arrangement can be used independently of the charging process via the first Joule arrangement and/or the discharging process, apart from an energetic coupling between the charging side and/or the discharging side operate the Rankine process. This allows an optimized design of the operation of the second Joule arrangement with regard to energetic coupling to increase the overall efficiency of the storage system.
  • thermal energy is initially transferred via the discharge side between the second Joule arrangement and the loading side and/or the discharging side.
  • An advantageous variant of the energy transfer is that during the unloading process on the unloading side at least temporarily heat that occurs during operation of the second Joule arrangement, particularly in the second unloading process, to preheat the working fluid, e.g. B. for high-pressure preheating, in which there is a higher pressure than in the low-pressure preheating, and/or for low-pressure preheating, in which a lower pressure than in the high-pressure preheating, in the Rankine cycle upstream Steam generating device is coupled.
  • the working fluid e.g. B. for high-pressure preheating, in which there is a higher pressure than in the low-pressure preheating, and/or for low-pressure preheating, in which a lower pressure than in the high-pressure preheating, in the Rankine cycle upstream Steam generating device is coupled.
  • the heat can be extracted from the second Joule arrangement on the low-pressure side downstream of the compressor/turbine arrangement, in particular upstream of a low-temperature heat accumulator via a low-pressure-side heat exchange device, and injected for high-pressure preheating of the Rankine working fluid .
  • the second Joule arrangement is preferably operated during the discharge process of the storage system in the second discharge process (Joule or Brayton process as thermal power process).
  • the heat on the high-pressure side is extracted downstream of the high-temperature storage device, upstream of the compressor/turbine arrangement and injected downstream of a condensation arrangement for low-pressure preheating of the Rankine working fluid.
  • the second Joule arrangement is preferably located during the discharge process in the second discharge process (Joule or Brayton process as thermal power process).
  • the coupling of heat from the second Joule arrangement into the Rankine process makes it possible to dispense with a bleed-off of working fluids from the steam turbine arrangement for high-pressure preheating, which is common in the prior art. ten. In this way, the power density within the Rankine process can be increased together with the overall efficiency of the storage device.
  • cold from a low-pressure-side low-temperature storage device of the second Joule arrangement for cooling and/or condensation of the working fluid in the Rankine process can be coupled downstream of a steam turbine arrangement during the unloading process via the unloading side, with z. B. the cold is transferred indirectly via at least one low-pressure-side low-temperature storage device to the loading side.
  • a greater pressure ratio between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side is specified in the second Joule arrangement in the heat pump process than in the thermal power process.
  • the pressure ratio can be so different that the overall efficiency of the storage system is increased compared to a process with the same pressure ratios.
  • the efficiency of the second Joule arrangement can tend to be reduced.
  • the asymmetry in the pressure conditions can e.g. B. be set such that the heat loss is adapted to the heat demand for high-pressure preheating and this can at least partially or completely cover.
  • the design z. B. aim to minimize the heat loss on the high pressure side.
  • the pressure ratio can be so different that a rule between the heat pump process and the thermal power process occurring heat loss on the need for high-pressure preheating of the Rankine working fluid is correct and z. B.
  • electrical energy can be decoupled from the second Joule arrangement during the thermal power process. This can be used to cover the storage system's own requirements (e.g. for fans, pumps, lighting, etc.) or fed into the power grid for further use.
  • a gaseous Ar beitsmedium, z As air, argon, carbon dioxide or nitrogen used.
  • the high-temperature storage device and/or a low-temperature storage device for heat transfer to the gaseous working medium is/are formed and/or integrated on the loading side so that the working medium of the heat pump process can flow through.
  • the mass throughput of the first Joule arrangement and/or the second Joule arrangement is preferably a multiple of the mass throughput of working fluid (e.g.
  • a recuperator for heat transfer between the working medium on the high pressure side and the low pressure side is arranged on the loading side.
  • the temperature within the high-temperature storage device is preferably raised to the storage temperature required to produce live steam (e.g. 600° C. at 270 bar to 300 bar).
  • live steam e.g. 600° C. at 270 bar to 300 bar.
  • additional heat can be introduced using the device for the additional introduction of energy (e.g. heating and/or burner device) in order to increase the storage density.
  • the remaining heat is recuperated by the recuperator.
  • An advantageous embodiment and coupling of the high-temperature storage device is expedient if a heat exchanger arrangement, in particular a heat exchanger circuit operated or operable with a gaseous heat carrier, is arranged between the high-temperature storage device and the steam generation device for their thermal coupling.
  • the high-temperature storage device and/or the low-temperature storage device (of the first Joule arrangement) is/are preferably designed for heat transfer to a gaseous working medium and/or integrated on the loading side so that the working medium of the heat pump process can flow through it.
  • the high-temperature storage device can be designed as an efficient high-temperature heat storage device (e.g. regenerator storage or liquid salt storage) and directly integrated into the heat exchange arrangement and into the first Joule arrangement (ie through which the respective working medium can flow).
  • the high-temperature storage device of the second Joule Arrangement can advantageously be designed as a high-temperature heat storage (e.g. regenerator storage or liquid salt storage).
  • Cost advantages can be achieved if, especially in the case of a design for storing temperatures below 0 °C, two types of low-temperature storage devices are arranged in series on the loading side in terms of flow mechanics, with one for storing heat at temperatures greater than 0 °C, in particular as a (cheaper) hot water storage tank, and one for storing heat at temperatures equal to or below 0 °C, e.g. B. is designed as a latent or sensitive cold storage.
  • the storage density in the high-temperature storage device of the first or second Joule arrangement can be additionally increased if the loading side and/or the second Joule arrangement has at least one device for coupling in energy in addition to the energy required for compression, e.g. B. electrical energy and / or fossil energy, has / have, z. B. an electric heater and / or a burner device.
  • the device is preferably arranged upstream (with respect to the loading process) or within or in thermal coupling to the high-temperature storage device.
  • the second Joule arrangement can be designed as an open circuit, which opens to the environment via an opening downstream or upstream of the low-temperature storage device and downstream or upstream of the low-pressure-side heat exchange device (depending on the direction of the circuit). is.
  • the environment can be used as a heat sink during the second loading process.
  • air can be sucked in from the environment as a working medium and compressed. In this case, ambient conditions prevail at the openings.
  • the heat exchange device on the high-pressure side can be used for cooling. be dispensed with, which is accompanied by a reduction in investment costs and system complexity.
  • a preheating device of the Rankine cycle is upstream or downstream of the opening upstream or downstream of the low-pressure-side heat exchange device, the preheating device being usable or used for heat storage purposes.
  • FIG. 1 shows a process diagram of a storage system according to the invention with a discharge side designed as a Clausius-Rankine cycle and a loading side designed as a Joule arrangement, coupled to a second Joule arrangement,
  • FIG. 2 shows a T-s state diagram with a Joule process (loading process) and Clausius-Rankine process (discharging process) running as an example during operation in the storage system according to FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows a T-s state diagram with an example of a Joule process taking place during operation in the storage system according to FIG. 1 in the second Joule arrangement during the charging process and the discharging process, and
  • FIG. 4 shows a process diagram of a further example of a storage system according to the invention, with the second Joule arrangement as an open cycle process.
  • Fig. 1 shows a process diagram of a storage power plant in training as SpeI cherstrom 10 for storing electrical energy in particular under conversion into thermal energy.
  • the energy to be stored can in particular be energy from renewable sources, for example from solar power and/or wind power plants, and/or fossil sources, for example from the conversion of a combustible energy source such as e.g. B. natural gas act.
  • the storage system 10 includes a high-temperature storage device 130 for storing the supplied energy in the form of high-temperature heat (at temperatures of, for example, more than approximately 400° C.).
  • the high-temperature storage device 130 is thermally coupled on a charging side 200 and on a discharging side 100 .
  • the storage system 10 has the charging side 200, which is designed as a heat pump arrangement, here in particular as a first Joule arrangement 201, for efficient charging.
  • the Joule arrangement 201 comprises a circuit for carrying out a Joule process, with a high-pressure side 205 and a low-pressure side 209.
  • the high-temperature storage device 130 is arranged or incorporated on the loading side on the high-pressure side 205 .
  • two low-temperature storage devices 210, 212 are arranged on the low-pressure side 205.
  • At least one of the low-temperature storage devices, here the low-temperature storage device 212 can have an additional (feedwater) cooling system 214 assigned to it. Due to the storage devices 130, 210, 212 used on the high-pressure side and low-pressure side, the loading process can be decoupled from the unloading process in terms of time.
  • a turbine arrangement 208 for relaxation and a compressor arrangement 204 for compressing circulated working medium are arranged between the high-pressure side 205 and the low-pressure side 209. Energy to be stored can be coupled in via the compressor arrangement 204 during the loading process of the storage system 10 .
  • the Joule arrangement 201 on the high-pressure side 205 upstream, alternatively inside, the high-pressure storage device 130 has at least one device for the additional isobaric introduction of (electrical and/or fossil) energy, for example a heating device 206 in the form of a flow heater and / or a burner device. In this way, the storage density within the high-pressure storage device 130 can be increased.
  • the charging side 200 of the storage system 10 also includes a recuperator 202, which is arranged downstream of the high-pressure storage device 130 on the high-pressure side and upstream of the compressor arrangement 204 on the low-pressure side.
  • a recuperator 202 which is arranged downstream of the high-pressure storage device 130 on the high-pressure side and upstream of the compressor arrangement 204 on the low-pressure side.
  • an additional heat exchange device 220 can be integrated on the loading side 200 upstream of the recuperator 202 (and downstream of the low-temperature storage device 212), which makes it possible to integrate additional heat (environmental heat and/or process waste heat) into the process in order to increase the overall efficiency increase and to reduce the temperature requirements on the recuperator.
  • the heat required to generate steam is stored in the high-pressure storage device 130 .
  • the excess heat can be recuperated to preheat the working medium to be compressed.
  • the Joule arrangement 200 uses a gaseous working medium, for example air, nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide.
  • a gaseous working medium for example air, nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide.
  • these are preferably designed for heat transfer to the gaseous working medium, for example as a solid storage medium.
  • the storage system 10 has the discharging side 100, which is designed as a Rankine cycle 101 for working with water or steam, for example, as the working medium.
  • the Clausius-Rankine cycle 101 includes as core components a steam generating device 108 and a steam turbine arrangement 110, which operates a generator 118 for decoupling electrical energy during operation.
  • the steam turbine arrangement 110 has a high-pressure turbine stage 112, an intermediate-pressure turbine stage 114 and a low-pressure turbine stage 116, for example.
  • a conveyor device 102 promotes the working fluid in the circuit during operation.
  • the steam generating device 108 is used to generate steam with heat input coupling from the high-temperature storage device 130 during the discharge process.
  • the heat is transferred from high-temperature storage device 130 to steam generation device 108, for example, via a heat exchange arrangement 124 in the form of a heat exchanger circuit, which includes a conveyor device 126 and, for precise control or regulation, a bypass 132 with a valve means 128.
  • a gas for example air, is preferably used as the heat transfer medium.
  • the high-temperature storage device 130 which may be in the form of a solid-state storage device, can advantageously be directly are flowed through by the working medium of the heat exchange arrangement 124 .
  • the high-temperature storage device 130 can have a high-temperature storage component and a heat exchange device, by means of which high-temperature heat is transferred between the working medium and the high-temperature storage component during operation.
  • the storage system 10 comprises a further circuit in the form of a second Joule arrangement 400, which can be operated during the charging and/or discharging process of the storage system 10.
  • the second Joule arrangement 400 can be operated both in a heat pump process (charging of the second Joule arrangement 400, also referred to as “second charging process” below) and in a thermal power process (discharging of the second Joule arrangement 400, below). also “second unloading process”).
  • the second Joule arrangement 400 is energetically coupled into the storage system 10 .
  • the second Joule arrangement 400 comprises a high-pressure side 405 and a low-pressure side 409, as well as compressor/turbine arrangements 404, 414 arranged between them arranged.
  • the second Joule arrangement 400 has a heat exchange device 412 on the high-pressure side 405 and/or a heat exchange device 402 on the low-pressure side 409 .
  • the second Joule arrangement 400 can include a heating device 408 for isobaric coupling of electrical and/or fossil energy or heat.
  • an additional heat exchange device 424 can be integrated between the low-temperature storage device 416 and the heat exchange device 402, which integrates additional heat (environmental heat or process waste heat) into the process in order to increase the overall efficiency.
  • additional heat environmental heat or process waste heat
  • States 1A - 7A (regarding the charging process via the heat pump process 314) and 1 - 9 (regarding the discharging process via the Clausius-Rankine process 312) shown in the state diagram 300 as well as states 1B - 6B shown in the state diagram 500 ( Regarding the operation of the second Joule arrangement 400 in the heat pump process 508) and 1B′-6B′ (regarding the operation of the second Joule arrangement 400 in the thermal power process 510) are given at the appropriate place in FIG. Fig. 2 includes the states during the loading process of the storage system 10, ie during the heat pump process 314 within the first Joule arrangement 201, and during the discharge process of the storage system 10, ie during the Rankine process 312 within the Rankine cycle 101.
  • a playful Rankine process 312 shows a supercritical water-steam process, such as is used in currently modern coal-fired power plants.
  • Fig. 3 includes the states within the second Joule arrangement 400, which is used as a storage arrangement in the second loading process, the heat pump process 508, for loading the braid temperature storage device 410 and a second discharging process, the thermal power process 510, for discharging the high-temperature storage device 410 is operated.
  • the processes 508, 510 shown include real effects such as heat loss due to irreversibility.
  • an isobaric heating 1A-2A from about 20° C. to just under 200° C. takes place by means of the recuperator 202.
  • the additional heat exchange device 220 can be integrated at the point 1A-2A be (see. Fig.
  • the low-temperature heat, i. H. "Cold", to a temperature of e.g. B. -100 ° C is temporarily stored in the low-temperature storage devices 210, 212 for use within the discharge process (6A - 7A, 7A - 1A).
  • the storage device 210 can be formed from a latent or sensitive cold storage for temperatures of less than or equal to 0 ° C and the second storage device 212 z. B. as a cheap hot water storage tank for temperatures above 0 °C.
  • the low-temperature storage devices 210, 212 are thermally coupled to the loading side 200 via two heat exchanger circuits 217, 219, each of which has conveying devices 216, 218.
  • the heat stored in the high-temperature storage device is used to generate live steam, for example at 600° C. and 270 bar to 300 bar.
  • the corresponding Rankine process 312 is shown in relation to a bell curve 308 for the change of state of water over the wet steam region 310 .
  • the working fluid in this state the working fluid is liquid, via the conveying devices 102 and/or 103.
  • the working fluid is then preheated via the condensation arrangement 119 in the state changes 2-3 (low-pressure preheating) and 3-4 (high-pressure preheating).
  • the heat required for this is provided, in particular, at least for the most part by means of the second Joule arrangement 400, as will be explained in connection with FIG.
  • the heated working fluid enters the steam generation device 108.
  • heat from the high-temperature storage device 130 is supplied via the heat exchange arrangement 124 for evaporation and superheating to and approximately 600° C. and 270 bar to 300 bar in the state change 4-5.
  • the superheated steam generated is then expanded in the individual stages via the steam turbine arrangement 110 (state changes 5-9).
  • reheating between the high-pressure turbine stage 112 and the medium-pressure turbine stage 114 can advantageously take place by further supplying heat from the high-temperature storage device 130, Qi3o.
  • the electrical power generated is decoupled via the generator 118 .
  • FIG. 3 shows the sequence of the second charging process (heat pump process 508) and the second discharging process (thermal power process 510) in the state diagram 500, which are initially described separately from the first charging process and discharging process of the storage system 10.
  • the types of state changes via states 1B - 6B in the second charging process for charging the high-temperature storage device 410 and the low-temperature storage device 416 correspond in principle to those of the first Joule arrangement 201.
  • isobaric heating occurs from the state 1B 1B-2B by means of the low-temperature storage device 416.
  • the additional heat exchange device 424 can be integrated at the point 1B-2B downstream of the low-temperature storage device 416, which provides additional heat (environmental heat or process waste heat) with a temperature level between z. B. 60 °C and 100 °C in the process to increase the overall efficiency and to reduce the temperature requirements on the recuperator.
  • The, here polytropic, compression 2B - 3B takes place at a pressure of 13 bar and a temperature between 400 °C and 600 °C.
  • an isobaric heating takes place via the heating device 480 to a state 3b. This high-temperature heat is temporarily stored in the high-temperature storage device 410 .
  • the heat exchange device 412 offers the possibility of coupling out lost heat Q412 (change of state 4B-5B), which, however, is not used in the present case.
  • state 6B 1B there is a temperature between -100 °C and -20 °C and a pressure of 1 bar.
  • the high-temperature storage device 410 and the low-temperature storage device 416 are discharged via the thermal power process 510 in reverse to the second loading process through states 1B' through 6B'.
  • the working medium is brought to high pressure in state 2B by means of compressor/turbine arrangement 414 with the supply of energy or compressor work, which is preferably at least partially decoupled as turbine energy from compressor/turbine arrangement 404 'Bringed bar with a pressure of, for example, 9.
  • high-temperature heat is removed from the high-temperature storage device 410 in an isobaric state change 2B′-3B′, with the working medium having a temperature of between 500° C. and 700° C. here.
  • a polytropic relaxation or expansion 3B′-4B′ by means of the first compressor/turbine arrangement 404, useful electrical energy can be released from the storage system 10 under the action of the motor/generator arrangement 406.
  • the second Joule arrangement 400 is used both in the second charging process, the heat pump process 508 , Operated to load the high-temperature storage device 410, as well as in the second discharge process, the thermal power process 510, to discharge the high-temperature storage device 410.
  • the second Joule arrangement 400 apart from the energetic Coupling, detached from the Rankine cycle 101 work.
  • the implementation of the second loading and unloading process are preferably coordinated with the operation of the first Joule arrangement 201 (loading process) and/or the Rankine cycle 101 (discharging process), e.g. B. as described below.
  • the tuning of the operation for coupling thermal energy from the second Joule arrangement 400 can take place via different (alternative or mutually complementary) mechanisms.
  • the thermal energy from the second Joule arrangement 400 as described, is decoupled in the form of heat loss 512 (4B '- 5B') on the low-pressure side 409 and in the Rankine cycle 101 on the Entla deseite 100 coupled.
  • the second discharge process of the Joule arrangement 400 preferably runs parallel to the discharge process via the Rankine circuit 101. Intermediate storage of the lost heat 512 would also be conceivable.
  • heat loss from the second Joule arrangement 400 on the high-pressure side 405 downstream of the high-temperature storage device 410 and upstream of the turbine/compressor arrangement 414 can be coupled out via the heat exchange device 412 ( Figures 4B - 5B) and Low-pressure preheating of the working fluid (Fig. 2: state change tion 2-3) z. B. via the heat exchange device 104 are coupled.
  • the heat loss is compression waste heat from the compressor, which as a result may have a lower degree of efficiency.
  • the second discharging process of the Joule arrangement 400 preferably runs parallel to the discharging process via the Rankine cycle 100 .
  • Temporary storage of the lost heat would also be conceivable. Due to the coupling of heat from the second Joule arrangement 400, a bleed-off from the steam turbine arrangement 110 for preheating the working fluid prior to evaporation, as is customary in the prior art, can advantageously be dispensed with. In this way, the highest possible power density can be achieved during the discharging process via the Rankine circuit 101 .
  • "cold", i. H. Low-temperature heat can be extracted from the second Joule assembly 400 and coupled into the Rankine cycle 312 downstream of the steam turbine assembly 110 for cooling and/or condensing working fluid.
  • the cold is taken from the low-temperature storage device 416 .
  • the low-temperature storage device 416 is preferably thermally coupled to the low-temperature storage device 210 of the first Joule arrangement 201 .
  • the cold from the second Joule arrangement 400 can thus be coupled into the Rankine process 312 indirectly via the low-temperature storage device 210 on the loading side 200 .
  • the advantageous effect of the thermal coupling of the different processes can be optimized by specifying a greater pressure ratio between the pressure on the high-pressure side 405 and the low-pressure side 409 in the second Joule arrangement 400 during the heat pump process 508 than in the thermal power process 510.
  • This pressure control also referred to as "asymmetric" leads to a shift in the heat loss, for example from the high-pressure side 405 in the second loading process (change of state 4 B - 5 B) to the low-pressure side 409 in the second unloading process (change of state 4B' - 5B ').
  • the aim of the asymmetrical pressure control is to increase the overall efficiency of the storage system 10.
  • the efficiency of the second Joule arrangement 400 can tend to be reduced.
  • the pressure ratio is within of the heat pump process 508 13 and within the thermal power process 510 9.
  • the asymmetry in the pressure conditions of the present 13/9 is designed, for example, in such a way that the heat loss 512 is adapted to the heat requirement for high-pressure preheating and can cover it.
  • Another important aspect is the entry temperature of the Rankine working fluid into the steam generation device 108. This should be chosen to be between 200° C. and 350° C. in order to reduce thermal stresses in the steam generation device.
  • the design z. B. aim to minimize the heat loss on the high pressure side. The design is based on the thermodynamic equations of state of the corresponding processes.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further advantageous variant of the storage system 10 and the method for operating it.
  • the second Joule arrangement is designed as an open circuit.
  • the circuit between the heat exchange device 402 and the low-temperature storage device 416 is open to the environment via openings 420, 422.
  • the surrounding area is used as a heat sink during the second loading process.
  • air from the environment can be sucked in and compressed as working medium.
  • ambient conditions pu , Tu
  • the heat exchange device 412 on the high-pressure side for cooling can be dispensed with (symbolized in FIG. 4 by crossing out the heat exchange device 412), which in turn is associated with a reduction in investment costs and system complexity.
  • the container device 106 that may be present can be used for temperature storage purposes.
  • the method described and the storage device 10 shown are used to provide efficient and/or location-independent storage power plants for storing electrical energy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de faire fonctionner une installation de stockage (10) destinée à stocker de l'énergie électrique, avec conversion en énergie thermique, selon lequel au cours d'une opération de chargement, un dispositif d'accumulation haute température (130) est chargé par l'intermédiaire d'un côté de chargement (200) au moyen d'un ensemble de chargement, tout en accumulant de l'énergie électrique, en particulier injectée, sous forme d'énergie thermique et, au cours d'une opération de déchargement, le dispositif d'accumulation haute température (130) est déchargé au moyen d'un processus à cycle de Rankine (312), par un côté de déchargement (100), avec distribution de l'énergie thermique hors du dispositif d'accumulation haute température (130) et conversion de ladite énergie thermique en énergie électrique. Une haute efficacité de l'installation peut être obtenue dans la mesure où un système de conversion d'énergie de l'installation de stockage (10), présent en plus l'ensemble de chargement dans l'installation de stockage (10), sous forme d'un deuxième ensemble à effet Joule (400) de l'installation d'accumulation (10), présentant un côté basse pression (405) et un côté haute pression (409) et des ensembles compresseur/turbine (406, 414), agencés entre, est actionné pendant le processus de chargement et/ou pendant le processus de déchargement de l'installation de stockage (10) dans un processus de pompe à chaleur (508) et/ou dans un processus thermique (510) (Fig. 1).
PCT/EP2022/060516 2021-05-07 2022-04-21 Procédé pour faire fonctionner une installation de stockage, installation de stockage, programme de commande et support lisible par ordinateur WO2022233582A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP22725374.7A EP4334574A2 (fr) 2021-05-07 2022-04-21 Procédé pour faire fonctionner une installation de stockage, installation de stockage, programme de commande et support lisible par ordinateur

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DE102021112050.0A DE102021112050A1 (de) 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Speicheranlage, Speicheranlage, Steuerungsprogramm und computerlesbares Medium
DE102021112050.0 2021-05-07

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2101051A1 (fr) 2008-03-12 2009-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Stockage d'énergie électrique dans un accumulateur thermique et rétro-électrification à l'aide d'un cycle thermodynamique
EP2653668A1 (fr) 2012-04-17 2013-10-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de chargement et de déchargement d'un accumulateur thermique et installation pour le stockage et le dépôt d'énergie thermique appropriée à ce procédé
WO2015131940A1 (fr) 2014-03-05 2015-09-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Installation de stockage d'énergie à haute température et procédé de fonctionnement associé
EP3054155A1 (fr) 2015-02-04 2016-08-10 Alstom Technology Ltd Système de stockage et de décharge d'énergie électrique
WO2021026863A1 (fr) 2019-08-15 2021-02-18 Zte Corporation Systèmes et procédés de transmission de signaux
DE102020110560A1 (de) 2020-04-17 2021-10-21 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Thermopotentialspeicheranlage, Thermopotentialspeicheranlage, Steuerungsprogramm und computerlesbares Medium

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2698505A1 (fr) 2012-08-14 2014-02-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de chargement et de déchargement d'un accumulateur thermique et installation pour le stockage et le dépôt d'énergie thermique appropriée à ce procédé
EP2759679A1 (fr) * 2013-01-23 2014-07-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de stockage thermique destiné à l'utilisation de chaleur à basse température
DK2942492T3 (en) * 2014-05-05 2018-11-12 General Electric Technology Gmbh Electric energy storage and discharge system
WO2017065683A1 (fr) * 2015-10-16 2017-04-20 Climeon Ab Procédés pour stocker et récupérer de l'énergie

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2101051A1 (fr) 2008-03-12 2009-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Stockage d'énergie électrique dans un accumulateur thermique et rétro-électrification à l'aide d'un cycle thermodynamique
EP2653668A1 (fr) 2012-04-17 2013-10-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de chargement et de déchargement d'un accumulateur thermique et installation pour le stockage et le dépôt d'énergie thermique appropriée à ce procédé
WO2015131940A1 (fr) 2014-03-05 2015-09-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Installation de stockage d'énergie à haute température et procédé de fonctionnement associé
EP3054155A1 (fr) 2015-02-04 2016-08-10 Alstom Technology Ltd Système de stockage et de décharge d'énergie électrique
WO2021026863A1 (fr) 2019-08-15 2021-02-18 Zte Corporation Systèmes et procédés de transmission de signaux
DE102020110560A1 (de) 2020-04-17 2021-10-21 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Thermopotentialspeicheranlage, Thermopotentialspeicheranlage, Steuerungsprogramm und computerlesbares Medium

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WO2022233582A3 (fr) 2023-02-23
DE102021112050A1 (de) 2022-11-10

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