EP2470755A2 - Procédé de récupération de la chaleur perdue de moteurs à combustion interne - Google Patents

Procédé de récupération de la chaleur perdue de moteurs à combustion interne

Info

Publication number
EP2470755A2
EP2470755A2 EP10742762A EP10742762A EP2470755A2 EP 2470755 A2 EP2470755 A2 EP 2470755A2 EP 10742762 A EP10742762 A EP 10742762A EP 10742762 A EP10742762 A EP 10742762A EP 2470755 A2 EP2470755 A2 EP 2470755A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
steam
engine
pressure
exhaust gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10742762A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bodo M. Wolf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2470755A2 publication Critical patent/EP2470755A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F01K27/02—Plants modified to use their waste heat, other than that of exhaust, e.g. engine-friction heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for utilizing the waste heat of internal combustion engines, preferably of large gasoline and diesel engines.
  • the field of application of the invention is the production and upgrading of, in particular, large internal combustion engines which are used as drives of all kinds, e.g. for vehicles, pumps, compressors, electric generators, etc.
  • the internal combustion engines convert the fuels, e.g. Diesel, gasoline or fuel gases by compression, combustion and expansion into technical work by mixing the air required for combustion before or after compression with the fuel and igniting the fuel-air mixture under pressure, or ignited by the compression itself, is converted to combustion gas, which has an elevated temperature and pressure level with respect to the environment.
  • the combustion gas expands while giving off technical work, whereby only a part of the released by combustion chemical energy can be converted into technical work, of which in turn a part for overcoming the friction of the machine elements is needed.
  • the other part of the supplied energy accumulates as process waste heat.
  • the still available heat of the exhaust gas is used in the prior art for the production of hot water or other heat transfer fluids and / or steam of the coolant, usually water vapor, which is also used as a working fluid for steam power processes. It is also known the engine and
  • the present invention was therefore based on the object of specifying a method and a device, wherein the thermal energy of the engine cooling, possibly the lubricant and the exhaust gas and optionally the charge air or combustion air for the conversion to technical work are used thermodynamically effective.
  • the lubricant is also removed by evaporation of coolant, e.g. by preheated condensate of steam power processes, to a temperature in the range of about 70 to 200 ° C, preferably 100 to 150 ° C is cooled.
  • the invention further expansion of the (engine) exhaust gas, ie substantially to the ambient pressure, fully utilizes the exhaust gas pressure is the absolute gas temperature after expansion in the engine to absolute charging temperature higher than the pressure in the cylinder after completion of the load.
  • the use according to the invention of motor and lubricant cooling for steam generation is exergetically optimal and makes it possible to provide steam which has a higher working capacity than the liquid or gaseous heat carriers of the prior art.
  • the provision of steam from the engine and lubricant cooling subsequently also allows exergetisch better use of the heat of the engine exhaust, even compared to large
  • the inventive method for utilizing the waste heat of internal combustion engines, which are cooled by a coolant circuit with coolant and optionally have a lubricant circuit is characterized in that the purpose of cooling, in particular the housing of the internal combustion engine through flowing, cooling liquid, preferably there, i. in the housing, under pressure by the waste heat of the internal combustion engine, heated and then at least partially fed to a connected evaporator while lowering the pressure under its boiling pressure.
  • part of the cooling liquid is converted into saturated steam by flash evaporation and the resulting vapor is removed from the cooling circuit and overheated.
  • liquid coolant from the evaporation process remains in the cooling circuit.
  • the superheated steam is supplied as a working fluid to a connected steam power process, expanded under the delivery of technical work and condensed with the release of heat.
  • the condensate obtained is recycled to the coolant circuit.
  • the lubricant circuit and the coolant circuit are thermally coupled.
  • the coupling is expedient in such a way that the lubricant cooling analogous to Internal combustion engine cooling (engine cooling) by evaporation of coolant takes place.
  • the exhaust gas is the
  • the preferably expanded exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is advantageously used for overheating the saturated steam of the coolant.
  • the refrigerant condensate can advantageously before its return to the coolant circuit for recuperative cooling of the charge air or combustion air or the fuel-air mixture, in particular fuel gas-air mixture, after the pressure charging and prior to their entry into the internal combustion engine / - are used.
  • the cooling of the charge air or combustion air or of the fuel-air mixture is supplied with additional cooling liquid and substantially completely evaporated.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is also a device which essentially relates to a combination of internal combustion engine with flash evaporator in the cooling circuit and fluid connection to the cooling circuit arranged steam turbine and optionally a gas turbine arranged in the exhaust gas stream and is preferably suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • a device according to the invention represents a motor-cogeneration plant.
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for using the waste heat of internal combustion engines, wherein the exhaust gas is discharged with the release of external technical work to ambient pressure, preferably in a gas turbine.
  • the external technical work can be used in particular for the operation of a (electric) generator.
  • the present invention makes it possible to apply approximately 1.46 times more energy to the electrical energy.
  • the state-of-the-art combined-heat and power plant can generate revenues of € 257 / h at full load and combined heat and power.
  • this is usually 2,200 h / a possible, ie 5,500 h / a
  • the motor-heating power plant of the prior art only give off electricity and achieve a revenue of 180 € / h.
  • these revenues are not sufficient for economic operation, ie such power plants are not built.
  • the device according to the invention in the form of a motor-power plant achieves a revenue of 263 € / h in the same mode of operation solely from the power generation.
  • the combined heat and power plant according to the invention compensates for the loss of sales of thermal energy through an increased electricity yield of 923 kWh / h and can generate sales of € 2,025,639 / a without heat sales.
  • the motor power plant according to the invention is used to drive a large heat pump, which can provide process and district heating in the state of the art with a coefficient of performance of 4 (heat output to electricity), then this combination can generate revenues of € 3.6 million for year-round heat production / a generate.
  • the motor-cogeneration plant according to the invention is thus independent of the heat requirement and can produce year-round demand electricity and heat and operated without loss of revenue due to lack of heat sales.
  • the present invention also relates to all combinations of preferred embodiments unless they are mutually exclusive.
  • the selected gas engine (1) uses methane as fuel (2) with a heating value of 13.87 kWh / kg and achieves an electrical efficiency based on the calorific value of the fuel gas of 42.4%.
  • this machine can deliver 2.0 MWh / h of electricity and with cooling of the engine exhaust to 120 0 C 1, 9 MWh / h of useful heat in the form of steam and hot water ,
  • the losses of the cogeneration plant amount to approx. 800 kWh / h.
  • the combustion of the gas in the internal combustion engine (1) takes place at an air ratio (lambda) of 1.72.
  • the combustion air (3) is supplied via the channel, before the turbocompressor (4) with the fuel gas (2) mixed and then compressed by the turbo compressor (4) of ambient pressure to a pressure of 3.5 bar.
  • the compaction effort for this is 440 kWh / h.
  • the fuel gas-air mixture (8) has after compression an enthalpy difference based on 0 0 C of 560 kWh and a temperature of 186 ° C.
  • the turbocompressor (4) sits with the gas turbine (5) and the electric generator (6) on a shaft (7).
  • the fuel gas-air mixture (8) is cooled in the recuperator (9) with condensate (10) from the condenser (19) of the downstream steam power process, which is thereby heated to at least 170 ° C before it is supplied via a line as preheated condensate (11) the hot water generator (12).
  • the fuel gas-air mixture is cooled in the recuperator (9) by discharge of 369 kWh / h to 40 0 C, so that with the mixture the engine in addition to the calorific value nor 120 kWh / h of heat energy, ie a total of 4,835 kWh / h via the inlet valves ( 15) are supplied.
  • the lubricating oil (13) is also cooled in the hot water generator (12) before it is fed back to the oil pan (14) of the internal combustion engine (1).
  • the pressurized fuel gas / air mixture (8) supplied via the inlet valves (15) to the internal combustion engine (1) has the following composition in kg / kg.
  • the mass flow of the fuel gas-air mixture (8) is 10,336 kg / h and its pressure in the cylinder (16) of the internal combustion engine (1) should be 3 bar at the end of the load.
  • the engine exhaust gas After combustion and expansion in the cylinder (16) of the internal combustion engine (1), the engine exhaust gas has a thermal energy of 1,984 / h kWh and the following gas composition in kg / kg:
  • the gas turbine (5) is followed by a steam turbine process (17), in the steam generator (21) the waste heat of the engine and oil cooling in the amount of 679 kWh / h to produce 2 bar saturated steam, the cooling of the fuel gas-air mixture after compression for condensate preheating in the recuperator (9) and the exhaust gas heat of the gas turbine (5) from 290 to 130 0 C for steam superheating with condensate injection in the steam superheater (18) is used.
  • the gas then serves in the heat sink (20) to provide hot water.
  • the steam turbine plant (17) can perform a technical work in the amount of 287 kWh / h at a condensation temperature of 30 0 C in the condenser (19).
  • the invention of the comparison of the selected gas engine taking into account the own requirements for the pressure charging leads to an increase in net electricity generation by 46% from 2,000 kWh / h to 2,923 kWh / h with the same fuel use.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de récupération de la chaleur perdue de moteurs à combustion interne de grande taille, avec pour but d'augmenter le rendement de travail technique de telle manière que ces moteurs peuvent être exploités de façon rentable, indépendamment des besoins en chaleur de chauffe et de processus. A cet effet, le moteur à combustion interne est couplé d'une façon nouvelle à des processus générateurs de force de turbines à gaz et à vapeur. Le procédé se caractérise en ce que la chute de pression des gaz d'échappement jusqu'à la pression ambiante est utilisée entièrement et en ce que le refroidissement du moteur et de l'huile est réalisé avec production de vapeur saturée, avec prise en compte des pertes d'écoulement, la vapeur saturée étant surchauffée par les gaz d'échappement refroidis par expansion, puis détendue et condensée, avec production de travail technique, dans un processus générateur de vapeur.
EP10742762A 2009-08-26 2010-08-06 Procédé de récupération de la chaleur perdue de moteurs à combustion interne Withdrawn EP2470755A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910038585 DE102009038585A1 (de) 2009-08-26 2009-08-26 Verfahren zur Nutzung der Abwärme von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen
PCT/EP2010/004820 WO2011023283A2 (fr) 2009-08-26 2010-08-06 Procédé de récupération de la chaleur perdue de moteurs à combustion interne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2470755A2 true EP2470755A2 (fr) 2012-07-04

Family

ID=43628464

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10742762A Withdrawn EP2470755A2 (fr) 2009-08-26 2010-08-06 Procédé de récupération de la chaleur perdue de moteurs à combustion interne

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2470755A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009038585A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011023283A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012022865B4 (de) * 2012-11-20 2014-08-21 Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto Und Verkehr Vorrichtung zur Nutzung der Abwärme einer Brennkraftmaschine
CN103335297B (zh) * 2013-07-22 2015-01-07 王瑞良 全自动工业闪蒸器
FR3042538B1 (fr) * 2015-10-20 2022-12-16 Soc De Motorisations Aeronautiques Ensemble moteur a circuit de refroidissement optimise
DE102015119531A1 (de) 2015-11-12 2017-05-18 Hochschule Düsseldorf Anordnung und Verfahren zur Rückgewinnung von Energie aus der Abwärme mindestens einer Brennkraftmaschine

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3000044A1 (de) * 1979-11-15 1981-05-21 Robert H. Bronxville N.Y. Johnson Verfahren und vorrichtung zur rueckgewinnung von verlustenegie aus der kombination eines gaskompressors und eines antriebsmotors fuer den kompressor
FI102405B1 (fi) * 1993-07-08 1998-11-30 Waertsilae Nsd Oy Ab Menetelmä lämpövoimakoneen kokonaishyötyenergiatuotannon parantamiseksi ja voimalaitos, jossa on nestejäähdytteinen lämpövoimakone
DE19916676C1 (de) * 1999-04-14 2000-11-30 Daimler Chrysler Ag Kühlsystem für einen flüssigkeitsgekühlten Verbrennungsmotor
JP2000345835A (ja) * 1999-06-07 2000-12-12 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 内燃機関
WO2002031319A1 (fr) * 2000-10-10 2002-04-18 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif a cycle de rankine de moteur a combustion interne
US20030005696A1 (en) * 2000-10-18 2003-01-09 Wilson Benjamin Raymond Internal combustion engine energy extraction devices

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2011023283A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009038585A1 (de) 2011-09-15
WO2011023283A3 (fr) 2011-06-16
WO2011023283A2 (fr) 2011-03-03

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