WO2022230942A1 - Procédé pour économiser l'énergie fournie à une machine électrique tournante pour unité mobile électrique, et machine électrique tournante pour unité mobile électrique - Google Patents

Procédé pour économiser l'énergie fournie à une machine électrique tournante pour unité mobile électrique, et machine électrique tournante pour unité mobile électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022230942A1
WO2022230942A1 PCT/JP2022/019106 JP2022019106W WO2022230942A1 WO 2022230942 A1 WO2022230942 A1 WO 2022230942A1 JP 2022019106 W JP2022019106 W JP 2022019106W WO 2022230942 A1 WO2022230942 A1 WO 2022230942A1
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Prior art keywords
coils
coil
motor
series
parallel
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PCT/JP2022/019106
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
学 白木
隆 古畑
幸夫 津田
修一 大桃
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コアレスモータ株式会社
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Priority to CN202280009399.2A priority Critical patent/CN116802992B/zh
Priority to JP2022549492A priority patent/JP7227674B1/ja
Publication of WO2022230942A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022230942A1/fr
Priority to JP2023014391A priority patent/JP2023055856A/ja

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power saving method for a power source of a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle and to a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle with a function of reducing current used, and in particular to a power source for a rotary electric machine suitable for application to electric vehicles including bicycles. and a rotary electric machine with a function of reducing the current used.
  • JP 2018-19504 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-5398 JP 2020-133589 A JP 2020-120442 A
  • Patent Document 1 In order to reduce the power consumption of an electric vehicle equipped with a battery, the refrigerant circulation is devised (Patent Document 1), the equipment associated with the motor (inverter, generator, etc.) is controlled (Patent Document 2), and the temperature of the battery is increased.
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-300001 and a device for stopping power supply from a battery to a motor control device depending on the estimated temperature of the motor (Patent Document 4) have been proposed.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to achieve the energy saving effect of the power supply by devising the motor side.
  • Another object of the present invention is to extend the travel distance (cruising distance) of the battery of the electric vehicle.
  • a power saving method for a power source of a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle is characterized by the following features.
  • a power saving method for a power supply of a rotating electrical machine three or more coils (same specifications) are provided for each phase of a plurality of phases as the rotating electrical machine, and coils of the respective phases are provided in the middle of the second wiring path.
  • the coil connection at the start is set to the above-mentioned (a) for the maximum torque state, and in the maximum speed state the coil connection is set to the above-mentioned (b) for the minimum torque state, and intermediate between them.
  • the above (c) series-parallel connection is used, and as the speed decreases on an uphill, the above (a) is automatically established.
  • the rotary electric machine is provided with three or more coils for each phase of a plurality of phases, and by switching the connection between the coils, a plurality of motors having substantially different efficiencies are generated. It is built in a form that shares the coils, and the switching pattern of the connection between the coils is selected from at least (a) all in series, (b) all in parallel, and (c) series-parallel connection in which parallel combinations are connected in series.
  • the coil connection at the start is set to the above-mentioned (a), resulting in a maximum torque state, and in the maximum speed state, the coil connection is set to the above-described (b), resulting in a minimum torque state.
  • Parallel connection is used, and the coil connection is selected such that (a) is automatically achieved as the speed decreases on an uphill slope, and the number of rotations changes stepwise (c) while braking is applied on a downhill slope. automatically select a motor with high motor efficiency at an arbitrary number of revolutions according to the load to reduce the current used by the power supply.
  • the power supply is a battery
  • the selection is applied to an electric vehicle by switching between a stage with a small torque constant and a stage with a large torque constant. to extend the cruising range.
  • the rotary electric machine includes a non-rotating cylindrical stator coil body inside a motor housing, and a rotor provided with permanent magnets spaced apart from the stator coil body and positioned on the opposite surface of the stator coil body.
  • the cylindrical stator coil body is formed by combining a plurality of phases of three or more coils for each phase, and each coil is wound with an insulated conductor wire
  • One end of the cylindrical coil body thus produced is fixed inside the motor and the other end is a free end.
  • a reinforcing layer shall be pasted on the surface.
  • the parallel combination of (b) or (c) further includes one coil or two or more series The addition of a pattern in which connection coils are connected in series.
  • one coil is attached in parallel to one coil connected in series in (d) (hereinafter referred to as "complementary coil” in the present application.
  • the supplementary coil is the above ( In addition to the parallel connection of b) and (c), a coil is shown in which one coil is connected in parallel with respect to the specific one coil added in series in the above (d)).
  • the number of coils in each phase is six, and the switches provided between the coils are thinned out to form a coil series section without switches, thereby disabling the all-parallel pattern of (b). , (a) all in series, and (c) 3-series 2-parallel (3S2P) and 2-series 3-parallel (2S3P).
  • the rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle is characterized by any one of the following.
  • (10) A rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle that is incorporated in a device that includes a power supply, a driver, and a first wiring path between the power supply and the driver, and that is connected to the driver by a second wiring path.
  • the rotating electric machine is provided with three or more coils for each phase of a plurality of phases, and by switching the connection between the coils, a plurality of motors with different efficiencies are built in such that the coils are shared.
  • the switching pattern of the connection between the coils is selected from at least (a) all in series, (b) all in parallel, and (c) series-parallel connection in which a combination of parallel is connected in series, so that the coil connection at the time of start is set to the above (a), the maximum torque state is obtained, in the maximum speed state, the coil connection is set to the above (b), and the minimum torque state is obtained, and in the intermediate speed stage, the series-parallel connection is set to the above (c).
  • the motor is automatically connected to the above (a), and on a downhill, braking is applied and the rotation speed is changed stepwise to the above (c). Equipped with a working current reduction function that automatically selects a motor with high efficiency according to the load.
  • the power source is a battery, and has a function of reducing the current used by the power source according to the switching between a stage with a small torque constant and a stage with a large torque constant, thereby saving power of the electric vehicle. be able to extend the cruising range.
  • the rotary electric machine includes a non-rotating cylindrical stator coil body inside a motor housing, and a rotor provided with permanent magnets positioned on the opposite surface of the stator coil body and spaced apart from the stator coil body.
  • the cylindrical stator coil body is formed by combining a plurality of phases of three or more coils for each phase, and each coil is wound with an insulated conductor wire
  • One end of the cylindrical coil body thus produced is fixed inside the motor and the other end is a free end.
  • a reinforcing layer shall be pasted on the surface.
  • the number of coils in each phase is six, and the switches provided between the coils are thinned out to form a series coil section without switches, thereby disabling the all-parallel pattern of (b). , (a) all in series, and (c) 3-series 2-parallel (3S2P) and 2-series 3-parallel (2S3P).
  • the present invention is also effective in the following aspects. (18) It is within the scope of the present invention to disuse some coils, change the thickness of some coils, and attach additional coils in parallel to some of the coils. However, unless otherwise specified in this specification, each coil has substantially the same specifications.
  • the first wiring route and the second wiring route include cases where elements, devices, and devices other than wiring intervene (hereinafter the same).
  • a motor torque constant selection switching device is provided in the motor to select and switch the one with the smaller torque constant for the desired high-speed rotation, and select the one with the larger torque constant when the desired high-speed rotation is not required. To suppress the motor current in the high-speed rotation unnecessary section by switching.
  • the coil connection selection device is a device that automatically determines and executes switching timing.
  • a rotary electric machine in which substantially three or more motor functions with different battery usage currents at an arbitrary torque constant are created by coil switching in one motor, wherein the switching mechanism for each motor function comprises: The current used in each motor function is switched to a rotation speed corresponding to the torque determined within the range of the maximum current.
  • a coreless rotary electric machine comprising a housing, a cylindrical non-rotating stator coil body, and a rotor provided with permanent magnets spaced apart from the stator coil body and positioned on the opposite surface of the stator coil body.
  • the stator coil body is composed of a plurality of phases, each phase is composed of a plurality of coils, and the connection form of the coils constituting each phase is selected from a series form, a parallel form, and a plurality of forms between the parallel forms.
  • a rotating electrical machine in which a plurality of motors are formed depending on the combination of coils.
  • the coil connection type is selected so as to increase the number of coils to be connected, and the number of revolutions corresponding to the torque constant at which the working current in each motor is reduced.
  • Substantially three or more types of motors M1, M2, . -I characteristic is large (the same shall apply hereinafter) is built in, and the plurality of motors selectively share the coils to be used, so that one of the motors can be selected and used within one rotating electric machine.
  • the TI characteristic has a relationship in which the motor current value (I) is substantially directly proportional to the torque (T), and each TN characteristic corresponding to each TI characteristic is the number of revolutions (N ) and torque (T) are substantially inversely proportional, and the torque at the maximum current value derived from the driver is T1, T2, . . . ⁇ Tn (T1, T2, . . . n corresponds to M1, M2, . . .
  • a method of operating a motor wherein a motor having a higher motor efficiency is selected for the same rotational speed by selectively using a motor having a large n at the same torque value.
  • a plurality of coils used by three or more types of motors with different maximum rotation speeds are shared, and by switching the connection between the coils used, there are substantially three or more types of motors with different rotation speed specifications.
  • the timing of automatic switching of coil connection in each rotating electrical machine is selected from those based on one or a combination of rotation speed, torque (motor current), and motor voltage.
  • each of the rotating electric machines there is one in which one or more coils are connected in series in a parallel arrangement of a plurality of coils.
  • the entire coil portion of the motor is referred to as a stator coil, and a single coil constituting the stator coil is simply referred to as a coil.
  • Odd-numbered coils cannot be combined with the same number of parallel coils, and must be combined with parallel coils with different numbers of coils or connected with one or more series coils connected to a parallel coil. It was reasonable to think that it would be fine to apply a current that matches the weakest coil, and instead, we focused on increasing the number of coil switching patterns and enabling finer switching.
  • a cylindrical coil is formed by combining a predetermined number of coils made by winding wire rods at high density ( In other words, by using coreless motors and slotless motors that do not have iron core teeth, even if some wire coils generate excessive heat, the heat is spread to the adjacent wire coils, thereby suppressing excessive heat generation.
  • a dummy coil referred to as an auxiliary coil in the present application
  • the resistance can be dispersed and heat generation can be suppressed. In other words, since it is possible to eliminate the imbalance of the heat-generating parts, the number of switching points was increased, and the adoption of the odd number of coils and the adoption of the series/parallel mixed pattern does not exist in the conventional concept.
  • the power saving effect can be achieved by devising the motor side.
  • the rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle having the characteristics described above it is possible to extend the running distance (cruising distance) of the battery of the electric vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an embodiment to which the present invention is applied;
  • FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional structural example of the stator coil body applied to this invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a combination example of a plurality of coils forming the stator coil body of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 3 is a TI and TN characteristic diagram of motors with three different efficiencies.
  • FIG. 10 is a measurement diagram for explaining selection of motors with different efficiencies for high speed, medium speed, and low speed;
  • FIG. 3 is an image diagram of comparison of characteristics of three types of motors with different efficiencies.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific example of operation switching when a three-stage switching motor is applied to a vehicle (relationship between change in rotation speed and connection switching).
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific example of operation switching when a three-stage switching motor is applied to a vehicle (relationship of hysteresis);
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific example of operation switching when a three-stage switching motor is applied to a vehicle (relationship between speed change and connection switching).
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific example of operation switching when a three-stage switching motor is applied to a vehicle (relationship between change in road surface inclination and connection switching).
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific example of operation switching when a three-stage switching motor is applied to a vehicle (relationship between change in road surface inclination and connection switching).
  • FIG. 5 is a pattern diagram of coil connection when there are five coils for each phase (five coils) according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is an arrangement image diagram of switches used for switching coils of the coil pattern of FIG. 12 ; It is a connection pattern diagram with four coils (four coils). It is a connection pattern diagram with three coils (three coils). It is a connection pattern diagram with six coils (six coils). It is a connection pattern diagram with eight coils (eight coils).
  • FIG. 18 is a connection pattern diagram following FIG. 17 with eight coils (eight coils).
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a control unit that outputs a command signal to a circuit unit using switching elements; FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between a clock and Lo and Hi in various command signals when the circuit unit is configured by switching elements;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit of blocks that configure each phase;
  • FIG. 20 is a detailed explanatory diagram of a control unit that generates a dead time in FIG. 19 and outputs a command signal;
  • 23 is a detailed circuit diagram of the U-phase block 37 of FIG. 22 showing the FET switching circuit;
  • FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a whole view of related circuits for a coil switching operation in which the present invention is applied to an electric motorcycle; It is a circuit diagram used in order to achieve the battery power saving effect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit of blocks that configure each phase;
  • FIG. 20 is a detailed explanatory diagram of a control unit that generates a dead time in FIG. 19 and outputs a command signal;
  • 23 is a detailed circuit diagram of the U-phase
  • FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of the battery power saving effect of the present invention
  • 3 is a diagram showing the circuit configuration of a stator coil body in the motor according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. FIG. 5 is a graph showing relational characteristics between torque and rotation speed, and between torque and current when the connection method of coils forming the stator coil body is switched.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in characteristics when the motor is operated by switching the connection method of the coils forming the stator coil body.
  • 5 is a graph showing changes in output characteristics when the motor is operated by switching the connection method of the coils forming the stator coil body, and zones for switching according to the situation.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the circuit configuration of a stator coil body in the motor according to the second embodiment; 9 is a graph showing changes in characteristics when the motor according to the second embodiment is operated by switching the connection method of the coils forming the stator coil body. It is a figure which shows the application form provided with 12 coils and 5 circuit parts in 1 phase.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement of coils when 12 coils are used; It is a diagram showing an example of a circuit in a six-stage switching motor, and a partially enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a dashed line A is shown in the figure.
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an index for automating the timing of coil connection switching used in the present invention; FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a TI/TN characteristic diagram of an example of three types of motors coexisting in the rotary electric machine used in the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a circuit example in which a stator coil body is composed of two phases
  • FIG. 4 is a developed view showing an example of a two-phase stator coil body in which coils of respective phases are connected in series
  • FIG. 4 is a developed view showing an example of a two-phase stator coil assembly in which coils of respective phases are connected in parallel
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a circuit example when a stator coil body is composed of five phases
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an application example of coil switching used in the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a coil pattern showing still another example of coil connection
  • FIG. 44 is an explanatory diagram showing variations of connection switching in the example of FIG. 43
  • FIG. 45 is a TN characteristic diagram according to the connection switching example of FIG. 44
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a coil pattern showing still another example of coil connection
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a coil pattern showing still another example of coil connection
  • FIG. 48 is a TN characteristic diagram according to the connection switching example of FIG. 47
  • FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram of a cylindrical coil reinforcing measure for the coreless rotating electrical machine used in the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment of the control system diagram of the present invention.
  • the total power consumption supplied to the system from a battery or other power source includes the power consumed as output from the motor shaft, the power consumed within the motor such as mechanical loss, the power consumed within the switching circuit, and the power consumed by the motor. Power consumed by wires from the driver to the switching circuit, power consumed by the driver, and power consumed by wires from the power supply to the driver.
  • the adoption of the present invention is suitable for systems (such as wheelchairs) where the cable length between the motor and driver is long, the maximum current is large (such as an electric motorcycle), or the motor capacity is large, and the time to generate the maximum instantaneous torque is short. When applied, the effect is exhibited remarkably.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the three types of motors described above, in which four coils are used and substantially three types of motors with different motor efficiencies are provided as one motor by switching the coils.
  • the current limit is 8A
  • the motor uses 4 coils, and there are 2 sets of 2 coils in parallel, 4 coils in series (4S-1P) and 4 coils in parallel (1S-4P).
  • Each characteristic switching is performed based on rotation speed, torque, and efficiency, and switching for efficiency is illustrated in FIG.
  • a pattern of motor is appropriate for low rotation (1000 rpm, (a)), medium rotation (2500 rpm, (b)), and high rotation (5000 rpm, (c)).
  • 2S-2P and 1S-4P can be used when the torque is 2 N m or less, but 2S-2P is selected because 2S-2P has higher efficiency and the motor current value is smaller. Only 2S-2P can be supported when the torque is 2 N ⁇ m to 4 N ⁇ m. Therefore, 2S-2P is selected for medium rotation.
  • Fig. 7 shows side by side the efficiency measurement results of three types of motors with different efficiencies. If the torque is the same, the motor with the lower rotation speed specification (capacity) consumes less energy and is more efficient. It should be noted that regardless of whether the number of rotations is high or low, if the same number of rotations is used, the lower the number of rotations, the less energy consumption and the better the efficiency. If the high-speed motor is used in the low-speed range, switching to the low-speed motor will have an energy-saving effect, and it is presumed that the running distance and running time can be lengthened when the motor is driven.
  • FIG. A motor 10 according to the present embodiment is a so-called coreless motor that is basically composed of a housing 12 , a rotating shaft 14 , a stator coil body 18 and a rotor 16 .
  • the housing 12 is an element forming an outer shell, and accommodates the rotating shaft 14, the stator coil body 18, and the rotor 16 in an internal space.
  • the rotating shaft 14 is arranged so as to pass through the housing 12 and is rotatably supported by a bearing 12 a provided at an intersection with the housing 12 .
  • the stator coil body 18 is divided into a plurality of phases (three phases of U phase, V phase and W phase in this embodiment). A plurality of coils are connected to form one coil, and the same number of coils are prepared for each coil, so that it is configured to form a cylindrical shape.
  • the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase forming the stator coil body 18 are each composed of a plurality of coils forming poles. In the form shown in FIG. 3, each phase is divided into 1/2 (that is, halved), and the first coil U1, the second coil U2, the first coil V1, the second coil V2, the first coil W1, the second coil It is configured to consist of a coil W2.
  • the phase constituting the inner cylindrical coil body is the U phase
  • the phase positioned radially outside the inner cylindrical coil body is the V phase
  • the phase positioned further outside the V phase. is a W phase
  • each phase has a first coil (U1, V1, W1) and a second coil (U2, V2, W2).
  • U1, V1, W1 and U2, V2, W2 are just an example, and different orders and overlapping methods may be used.
  • each phase is sequentially shifted by approximately 1/3 of the electrical angle in the circumferential direction.
  • the stator coil body 18 having such a configuration is configured such that one end face thereof is supported by the stator (the housing 12 in the example shown in FIG. 2) which is a fixed member.
  • the U-phase, the V-phase, and the W-phase are shifted by 120° in electrical angle.
  • the V phase is shifted by 120° and the W phase by 240° with respect to the U phase in the case of two poles.
  • the V phase is shifted by 60° or 240° and the W phase by 120° or 300° with respect to the U phase.
  • the V phase is 40°, 160°, 280° with respect to the U phase
  • the W phase is 80°, 200°, 320°.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation.
  • the rotor 16 also has a cylindrical outer yoke 16c, an inner yoke 16b, and a permanent magnet 16a, one of which is connected to the rotating shaft 14 at one end face.
  • the outer yoke 16c is an element located on the outer peripheral side of the stator coil body 18 described above (on the outer peripheral side in the radial direction with respect to the center of the cylinder), and the inner yoke 16b is an element located on the inner peripheral side of the stator coil body 18. is.
  • the permanent magnet 16a is provided inside the outer yoke 16c and on the opposite surface of the stator coil body 18. As shown in FIG.
  • the stator coil body 18 does not have an iron core, so the self-inductance can be kept small. It is effective to apply the present invention to a slotless motor in that the inductance can be reduced because there is no iron core.
  • a litz wire is used for the winding and the shape is formed by coating with an insulating layer.
  • the litz wire is configured by bundling a plurality of conductive wires, and the outer periphery of each conductive wire is covered with an electrically insulating layer (eg, enamel).
  • the outer circumference of the bundled conductive wires 18a may be provided with a skin layer made of a fibrous material such as glass fiber.
  • the winding method illustrated in Fig. 4 is schematic for understanding, and is not limited to this. It is also effective to replace the coil with one or more litz wire bundles for the winding methods disclosed in our patents 6,989,204 and 6,948,748. By doing so, even if excessive heat generation occurs partially in the coil due to the mixture of parallel and serial portions of the coil, the heat is diffused by the coil wire that is in close contact with the coil, and excessive partial heat generation is suppressed.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the concept of the overall system of the present invention. Since the present invention aims at energy saving (power saving) of the power source, the rotary electric machine (motor 10) is connected to the power source (battery 50) of the moving body. A motor driver (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a driver) 40 is interposed between the battery 50 and the motor 10 .
  • the driver 40 is a device that drives and controls the motor 10 by applying current, and is an essential device for driving the brushless motor (including rotation speed control, speed control, voltage control, etc.).
  • a maximum current is set for each driver 40, and an absolute maximum rating is set for safety from the viewpoint of motor protection, and the driver is used with a current value below that.
  • a cable 60 is interposed between the driver 40 and the battery 50, and a cable 70 is interposed between the driver 40 and the motor 10, which causes copper loss.
  • Reference numeral 80 denotes an automatic coil switching device which, in addition to the switch function group for switching the connection of the coils of the motor 10, sets the switching timing. Since the driver 40 can set the current to be applied to the motor (coil), for example, even if there is a weak coil due to mixed use of series and parallel, the current setting of the driver can be set based on the weak coil.
  • FIG. 10 is not limited to a coreless motor, and can be used in common with changes in rotational speed and load in an electric lawn mower or the like having a rotating blade that uses an iron core motor.
  • coreless motors and slotless motors that do not use core teeth are preferable in that the inductance can be reduced. Circuit diagrams used in the following examples will be described later.
  • the vehicle speed is further increased and the vehicle speed is 100 km/h (for example, the number of revolutions of the motor 10 is 2000 rpm) with 4 parallels (all four coils are parallel), the vehicle enters a slight uphill slope (inclination angle ⁇ ). Then, the load on the motor 10 increases, so that the number of revolutions automatically decreases and the speed drops. For example, when the rotation speed drops to about 1167 rpm (equivalent to 50 km/h: 5/6 of 1400 rpm), it automatically switches to 2 parallel.
  • connection type of the motor 10 automatically switches to 2-parallel (2P+2P). Further, when the vehicle is further accelerated to 60 km/h (1400 rpm) on a flat road, it becomes 4 para (4P), and can be accelerated to about 100 km/h (2000 rpm). Up to this point, automatic control is performed by the coil connection pattern switching device 80 as the rotational speed of the motor increases.
  • regenerative braking so-called engine brake
  • automatic control and manual control may be combined.
  • the speed is gradually reduced in the 4P state to about 60 km/h (1400 rpm).
  • the speed is further reduced by switching to 2P+2P.
  • connection type of the motor 10 is switched to 1 parallel (series, that is, 4S), and the road is flat. It should be noted that on a downhill, the power supply can be charged by applying regenerative braking as described above.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 The above flow is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 as switching between high speed (Top: T), medium speed (Second: S), and low speed (Low: L), and will be described below.
  • T high speed
  • S medium speed
  • L low speed
  • the accelerator is fully opened (fully opened), and the coil connection is automatically switched by the coil connection pattern switching device 80 by detecting the number of revolutions of the motor 10 .
  • the rotation speed of the motor 10 increases as the vehicle accelerates, while the accelerator signal (manual accelerator signal) input by the driver is output to increase the rotation speed to MAX. Therefore, the manual accelerator signal becomes higher than the rotation speed of the motor 10 .
  • the coil connection pattern switching device 80 switches to S.
  • the S state is maintained even when the vehicle enters a steeper slope.
  • the coil connection pattern switching device 80 is not controlled by the number of revolutions (speed) of the motor, but is controlled by the accelerator opening (current control).
  • speed control speed control
  • the coil connection pattern switching device 80 switches to L in order to accelerate the vehicle.
  • the (rotational speed) rises, it switches to S, and then switches to T.
  • the top speed at T reaches about 100 km/h.
  • section B shown in FIG. 10 priority is given to switching control of the coil connection pattern switching device 80 (see FIG. 1) based on the degree of opening of the accelerator. Therefore, when the rotational speed (speed) of the motor 10 is lower than the support based on the accelerator opening, the coil connection pattern switching device 80 is switched by the current instruction based on the accelerator opening. That is, in the section B', the number of revolutions of the motor 10 decreases as the vehicle speed decreases, but the coil connection pattern switching device 80 functions automatically according to the current value in order to maintain the vehicle speed at 60 km/h.
  • the manual accelerator signal is also greater than the rotation speed of the motor 10 in the section B as well.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates another aspect as an operation switching pattern.
  • the top gear is selected in the range from level ground to uphill with a small inclination angle.
  • the gear is switched to the second gear, and when the inclination becomes large, the gear is switched to the low gear.
  • the coil connection pattern switching device 80 has a gear switching function of a conventional automobile. In other words, the switching of the gears (switching of eight stages) is performed by the switching of the connection of the coil pattern.
  • the low gear has high torque and low rotation speed, and can generate high torque with a small amount of current.
  • a high voltage is required to increase the rotation speed in the low gear stage, but since the operation is performed at a low rotation speed in the low gear stage, a high voltage is not required.
  • the 2'nd gear provides medium torque and medium rotation speed
  • the top gear provides low torque and high rotation speed (high speed rotation is possible with low voltage).
  • a large current is required to obtain a high torque in the top gear, but a large current is not required in the top gear stage because the operation is performed with a low torque.
  • connection switching of coil patterns such as a low state in series, a plurality of parallel connections, or a mixed use of series and parallel connections is possible.
  • the vehicle speed (vehicle speed) of the electric vehicle to be applied is detected by an encoder or a resolver, and the coil switching is performed based on the detected vehicle speed value.
  • vehicle speed may be detected using a sensor (not shown) or the like, and various conventional (known) methods can be used.
  • the timing of coil switching is performed by the automatic coil switching device 80 in which the switching timing is set based on various speed detections.
  • FIG. 12 shows a variation of coil connection for 5 coils (when there are 5 coils for each phase; the same applies hereinafter). Note that the switching circuit is omitted in the drawing. In order to make the explanation easier to understand, one coil is assumed to be 1 ⁇ . If 5 coils are prepared as shown in the figure, 1 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 4 ⁇ , and 5 ⁇ can be selected by selecting the number of coils to be used.
  • Tables 1 and 2 show variations of coil switching and connection patterns for a 5-coil/phase motor. ⁇ Shown in the case of sorting in order of rated torque. When arranged in order of the number of coils used When arranged in the order of torque constant and rated torque
  • the generated voltage is different, so the one that generates a circulating current is excluded. That is, it is a connection pattern in which a circulating current is generated when coil sets with different induced voltages are connected in parallel, and such a pattern is excluded.
  • the latter connection method is adopted.
  • the former connection can be expected to reduce the circulating current caused by variations in the coil characteristics, but the number of switches must be increased to achieve this, so the latter connection is adopted in this example.
  • the 5-coil connection pattern is a proposal that considers not only “minimum copper loss” but also "smoothness at the time of switching". For example, when switching from a torque constant of 4kt to 3kt, if you switch directly from (3S+2P) to (1S+2P+2P), the resistance between the terminals will be halved from 3.5 ⁇ to 2.0 ⁇ , resulting in a step that doubles the motor current.
  • Fig. 14 shows a connection variation of 4 coils (when each coil is 4; the same applies hereinafter) according to Fig. 12, and Fig. 15 shows a connection variation of 3 coils (when there are 3 coils for each phase; the same applies hereinafter).
  • Broken line arrows in FIG. 14 indicate the flow of switching accompanying changes in the resistance value.
  • a series/parallel mixed pattern can be selected as in FIG. 12, and an odd number of coils can be used as in FIGS. 12 and 15.
  • FIG. 14 shows a connection variation of 4 coils (when each coil is 4; the same applies hereinafter) according to Fig. 12, and Fig. 15 shows a connection variation of 3 coils (when there are 3 coils for each phase; the same applies hereinafter).
  • Broken line arrows in FIG. 14 indicate the flow of switching accompanying changes in the resistance value.
  • a series/parallel mixed pattern can be selected as in FIG. 12, and an odd number of coils can be used as in FIGS. 12 and 15.
  • FIG. 16 shows the case of 6 coils (when there are 6 coils for each phase; hereinafter the same).
  • a desirable circuit selection pattern is to adopt a wiring system that minimizes the resistance when the number of coils used is the same.
  • a lower resistance has the effect of saving energy (prolonging battery life). Therefore, in the above example pattern, if the back electromotive voltage generated by one coil is 1 V, then (1) for 1 V, (5) for 2 V, (8) for 3 V, and (9) for 4 V. , (10) for 5V and (12) for 6V are recommended.
  • Figs. 17 and 18 show patterns for 8 coils (when there are 8 coils for each phase; the same shall apply hereinafter).
  • 8 sets of 3P are connected, in the case of 4-para, 6 sets of 4-P are connected, and in the case of 6-para, 4 sets of 6-P are connected, so that they can be divided equally.
  • the number of divisions is increased, three sets of 8P and two sets of 12P are connected, and in the case of 24 parallel, each coil is divided and all 24 coils are arranged in parallel.
  • the motor shaft output torque T is expressed as follows, where Im is the motor current: There is a relationship That is, in order to increase the output torque, it is necessary to increase the motor current or increase the torque constant.
  • the maximum voltage of the power supply voltage Vb is limited by the battery voltage and the booster circuit, and the maximum current value of the motor current Im is limited by the motor driver circuit.
  • the rotation speed is limited by the power supply voltage and the maximum torque is limited by the maximum current value of the motor driver circuit, if it is necessary to further increase the maximum rotation speed or increase the maximum output torque,
  • high rotation speed and high output torque can be realized without changing the power supply voltage and the motor driver circuit.
  • the torque constant kt of the motor can be reduced by connecting the coils in parallel with the switching circuit, and the maximum rotation speed can be increased. Further, when high torque is required, the motor torque constant kt is increased by connecting the coils in series with the switching circuit, making it possible to increase the output torque T even under the same motor current Im. .
  • FIG. 19 shows a full view of the circuit configuration.
  • the gear switching operation means 30 is connected to a controller 31, and when a command signal from the gear switching operation means 30 is input to the controller 31, the controller 31 sends a command signal Sin (serial in) to the shift register 32. input.
  • the shift register 32 When the command signal Sin is input, the shift register 32 outputs command signals from terminals Q0, Q1, and Q2, respectively. At this time, the shift register 32 adjusts the output from each terminal (Q0, Q1, Q2) by the action of the clock signal clk. Specifically, Q0 becomes L when Sin is L (Lo, hereinafter the same) and clk rises, and Q0 becomes H when Sin is H (Hi, hereinafter the same) and clk rises. On the other hand, in other cases, that is, when Sin does not change, the signal state remains L or H regardless of the rise of clk. Q1 is changed based on the signal of Q0.
  • the outputs from Q0 and Q2 are input to the NOR element 33, and a command signal is output as EN (XNOR: exclusive NOR).
  • the output of the command signal is permitted when the signals of Q0 and Q2 match, and the output of the command signal is not permitted when the two signals do not match.
  • the gate becomes H and the output of the command signal is permitted.
  • the output from Q0 is H and the output from Q2 is also Hde
  • the gate becomes H and the output of the command signal is permitted.
  • the command signal output from Q0 is L and the output from Q2 is H, or when the output from Q0 is H and the output from Q2 is L, the gate becomes L and the command signal is output. No output allowed.
  • the command signal output from Q1 in the shift register 32 is input to the AND element 35 via the NOT element 34 and directly to the AND element 36 as well. Since the output signal from the NOT element 34 is the opposite of the input signal (when the command signal output from Q1 is L, the output from the NOT element 34 is H, and the command signal from Q1 is H). If there is, the output from the NOT element 34 is L), and opposite command signals are input to the AND elements 35 and 36 as the command signals from Q1.
  • the AND elements 35 and 36 will output H as the command signal only when the command signal from Q1 and the output signal from the NOR element 33 become H at the same time.
  • opposite signals L or H
  • the AND element 35 and the AND element 36 are input to the AND element 35 and the AND element 36 as command signals from Q1, so both of them do not output H command signals at the same time.
  • the switching timing of the output signal from the NOR element 33 and the switching timing of the command signal from Q1 coincide. There is nothing to do. Therefore, there is no possibility that the switching timings of the command signals of the AND element 35 and the AND element 36 will match.
  • the outputs from the AND element 35 and the AND element 36 are respectively input to blocks 37, 38, and 39 that constitute the circuit of each phase.
  • a block 37 indicates a U-phase block
  • a block 38 indicates a V-phase block
  • a block 39 indicates a W-phase block.
  • G1s to which the command signal output from the AND element 35 is input is the input terminal of the switching signal to the gate serial (serial side).
  • G1p to which a signal is input is an input terminal of a switching signal to gate parallel (parallel side).
  • the command signals from the AND element 35 and the AND element 36 do not match, and the switching timing of L and H also deviates. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
  • G1s and G1p are turned ON (Hi) at the same time, and no short circuit occurs.
  • the number "1" in G1s and G1p indicates the number of each circuit section, and in Table 15 (described later in another section), the terminals of Kx11 in the circuit section are indicated as G11s and G11p, respectively. be able to.
  • FIG. 21 shows an example of a circuit diagram that configures a block.
  • the example shown in FIG. 21 is an example of a circuit diagram of a block that configures the U phase, but the blocks that configure the V phase and W phase also have the same configuration.
  • Lu1h is Lv1h for the V phase
  • Lw1h for the W phase and Lv2h and Lw2h for Lu2h.
  • Lu1l becomes Lv1l and Lw1l
  • Vu becomes Vv and Vw, respectively.
  • a switching element and an FET (field effect transistor) element 40 corresponding to the circuit section are shown. It is not limited.
  • FIG. 22 shows the details of the control unit that generates the dead time and outputs the command signal in FIG.
  • FIG. 23 shows an FET switching circuit, and the details of the circuit of the U-phase block 37 in FIG. 19 are the same for the V-phase block 38 and the W-phase block 39.
  • Fig. 24 is an example of a panoramic view of a related circuit for coil switching (that is, motor switching) operation in which the coreless motor with an automatic switching device of this embodiment is applied to an electric motorcycle.
  • Reference numeral 100 denotes a speed control part of the switching operation unit
  • reference numeral 110 denotes an emergency stop switch
  • reference numeral 120 denotes a mode selection switch (Auto/Manual) for selecting whether coil switching should be automatic or manual.
  • Reference numeral 130 denotes a changeover switch (selection of 4P (4 para), 2P+2P (2 para), and 4S (1 para) when manual selection is made with reference numeral 120
  • reference numeral 140 denotes an electronic circuit of a coil switching device.
  • Each of these blocks is connected to the motor controller (motor driver) via J1 (DB25_Male) as shown.
  • the power saving effect of the entire system incorporating the coil switching device according to the present invention is shown below as data.
  • the measurement environment is as follows.
  • the motor used is CPH110 manufactured by Coreless Motor Co., Ltd. (a litz wire is applied to the coil of the coreless motor manufactured by Coreless Motor Co., the rated specifications are shown in Table 3), the driver is RoboteQ HIOKI PW3336 manufactured by Unipulse Co., Ltd.
  • (B) is basically the same condition (wire is 2720 mm), but the conditions of (A) in Tables 11 and 13 conform to (B) in other tables, but the motor used is 1kW specification unit, cable (wire: 1200mm) in driver motor, circuit is mechanical contact type relay, power supply is 48V using 2 batteries, and Litz wire is applied to motor coil. As can be seen in the table below, all of them have power saving effects. 15rpm current (B) 25rpm current (B) 50rpm current (B) 100rpm current (B) 200rpm current (B) 550rpm current (B) 940rpm current (B) 2000rpm current (A) 2500rpm current (B) 3000rpm current (A)
  • Table 14 summarizes the data obtained by changing the wire distance between the driver and the coil selector at 50 rpm and confirming the influence of the choke coil. "Reduction degree” in the table: reduction degree (%) of battery current.
  • Fig. 26 shows the measurement results of the battery consumption current with 4 parallel (4 coils in parallel) and 1 parallel (4 coils in series) cable lengths.
  • each phase constituting the stator coil body 18 is divided into two coils (first coil U1, second coil U2, first coil V1, second coil V2, It is composed of a first coil W1 and a second coil W2).
  • the stator coil body 18 according to this embodiment is composed of three-phase coils. Note that this is an example, and the form of the coil does not determine the number of poles.
  • each phase of U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2 is a coil body with six coils in series, or in the case of 8 poles, U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2 , each of the phases may be a coil body with four coils in series.
  • the number of poles cannot be determined from the shape of the stator coil body 18, and any number of poles may be used as long as the number of poles is even.
  • a circuit section 20 that constitutes a changeover switch (20U, 20V, 20W) are provided between the coils (the first coil U1 and the second coil U2, the first coil V1 and the second coil V2, the first coil W1 and the second coil W2) that constitute each phase.
  • the circuit section 20 consists of two switching switches (first switch A and second switch B) with one port on the input side and two ports on the output side arranged in parallel.
  • the input port of the first switch A is connected to the first coils U1, V1 and W1, respectively, and the input port of the second switch B is connected to the first bypass line.
  • the second coils U2, V2, W2 are connected to the output port of the first switch A on the a port side, and the second bypass line is connected to the b port side.
  • the a port side of the output side port of the second switch B is open (unconnected), and the b port side is connected to branch lines from the second coils U2, V2, and W2.
  • the first coils U1, V1, W1 and the second coils U2, V2, W2 can be connected in series or in parallel by switching the switches constituting the circuit section 20. It becomes possible. Specifically, when both the first switch A and the second switch B are connected to the a port, the first coils U1, V1, W1 and the second coils U2, V2, W2 are connected in series (20U in FIG. 27). , 20V, 20W solid lines). On the other hand, when both the first switch A and the second switch B are connected to the b port, the first coils U1, V1, W1 and the second coils U2, V2, W2 are connected in parallel (20U, 20V in FIG. 27). , 20 W dashed line). That is, the switching timings of the first switch A and the second switch B are configured to match.
  • a system in which the first coils U1, V1, W1 and the second coils U2, V2, W2 are connected in series provides excellent torque characteristics.
  • a system in which the first coils U1, V1, W1 and the second coils U2, V2, W2 are connected in parallel referred to as a second system
  • the series connection increases the torque constant of the motor and increases torque per current (improves torque characteristics).
  • the torque constant of the motor becomes small and it becomes possible to rotate at high speed (the rotation characteristics are improved).
  • the purpose of the terminal switching is to change the torque constant. As a result, the rotation characteristics and torque characteristics change, and it is possible to provide an optimum motor for each situation.
  • FIG. 28 shows the relationship characteristics between the torque and the number of rotations (TN characteristics) and the relationship characteristics between the torque and current (TI characteristics) of the first system and the second system, respectively. Comparing the second system and the first system, it can be seen that the second system has a high normal speed range, so that the rising gradient of the power consumption accompanying the improvement of the torque is steep. On the other hand, it can be seen that although the first system can generate high torque in the low rotation range, the maximum rotation speed is only about half that of the second system.
  • FIG. 29 shows the motor characteristics (TN characteristics and TI characteristics) obtained when switching between the first system and the second system in the rotation range where the maximum torque is 1/2.
  • the motor 10 according to the present embodiment which performs system switching, can generate high torque while suppressing power consumption (current) in the low rotation range. Also, in areas where there is no problem with low-torque operation, it is possible to achieve a high rotational speed that cannot be obtained with the first system.
  • the motor 10 In order to realize such a configuration, switching of the switches (the first switch A and the second switch B) constituting the circuit section 20 must be performed simultaneously in the three phases of the U phase, the V phase, and the W phase. .
  • the motor 10 is provided with a control section 22 that outputs a switching signal to the circuit section 20 .
  • the control unit 22 increases the number of coils connected in series in each phase on the lower rotation speed side with reference to a predetermined rotation speed, and increases the number of coils connected in parallel on the higher rotation speed side. It is preferable to adopt a configuration in which switching is performed so as to increase. This is because power consumption and generated torque can be balanced, and the width of the usable rotation range can be widened.
  • the first zone should be applied when output torque is required (roughly 1/2 or more of the maximum torque), such as when starting or climbing a hill (first system: at low speed).
  • the second zone should be applied when the number of revolutions is relatively low, output torque is unnecessary (roughly less than 1/2 of the maximum torque), and power consumption should be suppressed (for example, during normal driving) (first system : at high speed).
  • the third zone should be applied when a high rotation speed is required and output torque is not required (generally less than 1/2 of the maximum torque), such as during high-speed running (second system: high rotation).
  • a coreless motor has no iron core. Therefore, the inductance becomes small. However, if the inductance is large, the change in current is difficult to occur. Therefore, if the current is forced to change, a high voltage is generated. When a large current is flowing, if the current is suddenly cut off (for example, if you switch from parallel to series, the current will be cut off at that moment), high voltage will be generated. If this happens, the circuit may be overvoltaged and the circuit elements may be damaged. This is because circuit elements are vulnerable to overvoltage.
  • Cored motors in which coils are wound around the teeth of the iron core, have a large inductance, so as countermeasures, additional equipment should be added to prevent the generation of large voltage when switching the circuit, and work should be done to temporarily turn off and replace the current in the work procedure. I have no choice but to devise it. Therefore, when using the winding switching of a cored motor with coils wound around the core teeth, it is inevitable to use multiple preventive elements to avoid accidents due to overvoltage caused by sudden current changes at the time of winding switching. Therefore, the circuit configuration becomes complicated.
  • the overvoltage is only a fraction of that of the cored motor (iron core motor) (for example, 1/20 or less). This eliminates the need for extra incidental equipment and work for avoiding accidents, and instantaneous switching between series and parallel can be performed.
  • the cored motor iron core motor
  • the effect of this embodiment shows the effect peculiar to the coreless motor
  • the present invention is not limited to the coreless motor because the cored motor also has the same effect from the viewpoint of the power saving effect.
  • the slotless type has a smaller inductance than a normal cored motor in that it has no iron core teeth, so it is a suitable example corresponding to the coreless motor.
  • a motor 10 according to the present embodiment differs in the configuration of a stator coil body 18 from that of the motor 10 according to the first embodiment.
  • the stator coil body 18 has 3 phases and 12 poles using 4 coils (12 in total) for each phase.
  • the coils (the first coil U1, the second coil U2, the third coil U3, the fourth coil U4, the first coil V1, the second coil V2, the third Circuit portions 20 (20U1, 20U2, 20U3, 20V1, 20V2, 20V3, 20W1) are provided between the coil V3, the fourth coil V4, the first coil W1, the second coil W2, the third coil W3, and the fourth coil W4).
  • 20W2, 20W3 are provided.
  • the circuit sections 20U1, 20U3, 20V1, 20V3, 20W1 and 20W3 are the same as the circuit sections 20U, 20V and 20W according to the first embodiment.
  • the number of input ports and the number of output ports of the second switch B are opposite to those of the first switch A.
  • the first switch A and the second switch B of the circuit units 20U2, 20V2, and 20W2 are set to the b port from the 1-para state, for example, in the U phase, the first coil U1 and the second coil U2 are connected in series.
  • a third coil U3 and a fourth coil U4 are connected in series, and a set of the first coil U1 and the second coil U2 and a set of the third coil U3 and the fourth coil U4 are connected in parallel.
  • Each coil is similarly connected in the V-phase and W-phase (this state is called 2-para: see FIG. 31. 20U2, 20V2 and 20W2 select the dashed lines, and the other selection circuits select the solid lines).
  • the self-inductance can be kept small, and the responsiveness from switching by connection switching by the circuit unit 20 to characteristic switching can be improved. Furthermore, by increasing the number of coils and circuit units, the degree of freedom in switching characteristics can be improved.
  • the present invention is not limited to a configuration in which a circuit unit is provided for each single coil, and the number of coils arranged between circuit units is not limited to one.
  • the number of coils arranged between the circuit sections is not limited to one.
  • the width of the characteristic change can be widened by the combination of the coils connected in series and the coils connected in parallel.
  • circuit portions 20U1-20U5) in the U phase are between coils U3 and U4, between coils U4 and U5, between coils U6 and U7, between coils U8 and U9, and between coils U9 and U9. and the coil U10. Note that the arrangement of the circuit portions (20V1-20W5) is the same for the V phase and the W phase.
  • the circuit units (20U1-20W5) are provided with ports a1, b1, a2, b2, c1 and c2, respectively.
  • ports a1 and b1 are switchable with port c1
  • ports a2 and b2 are switchable with port c2. are configured to switch at the same time.
  • circuit units 20U1, 20V1, and 20W1 are referred to as the circuit unit 20X1
  • circuit units 20U2, 20V2, and 20W2 as the circuit units 20U2, 20V2, and 20W2.
  • Circuit units 20X2, 20U3, 20V3, and 20W3 are referred to as circuit unit 20X3, circuit units 20U4, 20V4, and 20W4 are referred to as circuit unit 20X4, and circuit units 20U5, 20V5, and 20W5 are referred to as circuit unit 20X5.
  • switching is set so that a port and c port are connected in all circuit units 20X1 to 20X5.
  • the circuit section 20X3 is switched so that the b21 port and the c port are connected.
  • switching setting is performed so that the b port and the c port of the circuit section 20X2 and the circuit section 20X4 are connected.
  • switching setting is made so that the b port and the c port of the circuit section 20X1, the circuit section 20X3, and the circuit section 20X5 are connected.
  • the form shown in Fig. 34 is obtained.
  • the boundary between the coil U1 and the coil U12 is used as the power input/output terminal, and the coils U1 to U12 are arranged in a cylindrical (annular) shape clockwise.
  • the coil is divided (halved) in the circuit unit 20U3, and the coils U1 to U6 and the coils U7 to U12 are connected in series.
  • the coils are divided (divided into three equal parts) by the circuit units 20U2 and 20U4, and the coils U1-U4, the coils U5-U8, and the coils U9-U12 are connected in series. Furthermore, when the above four paras are executed, the coils are divided (divided into four equal parts) by the circuit units 20U1, 20U3, and 20U5, and the coils U1-U3, U4-U6, U7-U9, and U10-U12 are connected in series. It will happen.
  • FIG. 34 shows the U-phase coil arrangement, the same applies to the V-phase and W-phase.
  • FIG. 35 shows an example of a 6-stage switching circuit using the present invention.
  • three phases of U, V, and W are used, and 12 coils are used for each phase.
  • 12 parallels (2 or more are parallel).
  • the combination of relays as shown in the figure is used for the sake of simplification of explanation. You can put it together. This is because it is possible to reduce the size and weight of the motor 10 itself and to simplify the internal wiring by integrating the circuit device using semiconductor elements.
  • a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, and c2 are ports (contacts), Lu1 to Lu12, Lv1 to Lv12, Lw1 to Lw12 are coils, Ku1 to Ku11, Kv1 to Kv11, Kw1 to Kw11 are circuit parts (relays ).
  • the ports c1 and c2 in the circuit section are switched at the same time, and when the port c1 is connected to the port a1, the port c2 is connected to the port a2 at the same time.
  • the coils arranged on both sides of the circuit section are connected in series.
  • the port a2 is an unused terminal (unconnected).
  • port c1 is connected to port b1, port c2 is simultaneously connected to port b2.
  • the coils arranged on both sides of the circuit section are connected in parallel.
  • FIG. 19 constitutes an automatic coil switching device 80 as a whole.
  • a gear switching operation means 30 is included in the automatic coil switching device 80 .
  • FIG. 36 exemplifies a method of using the motor voltage as the switching timing of the automatic coil switching device 80. Basically, switching is performed so that the TN/TI characteristics are in the region shown in this figure. be. In this example, each of the 3 phases has 4 coils, and for simplification, it is developed with 4 parallels (4P), 2 parallels (2P+2P), and 1 parallel (4S) in FIG. Serial mixed use is also acceptable.
  • the motor voltage is shown as a percentage when the maximum applied voltage is 100%. Examples of switching conditions are shown in Table 16. If the connection is switched according to the conditions in Table 16, each region in FIG. 36 is entered.
  • the gear change operation means 30 of FIG. 19 may be provided with such a function, or the gear change operation means 30 may be a means for manually changing gears and monitoring the motor voltage and current to obtain the values shown in Table 16.
  • the controller 31 may have a function of automatic switching according to conditions.
  • the motor voltage and the motor current are measured by measuring devices (not shown) connected to the motor, respectively, and the data is stored in the semiconductor element in the automatic coil switching device 80 so that switching is performed automatically. back.
  • the power supply of a mobile object cannot flow an unlimited amount of current.
  • the power source battery
  • the power source has internal resistance, and if a large amount of current flows through the motor driver, the loss will increase. Therefore, it is important to consider the maximum current of the driver (more preferably the absolute maximum rating).
  • three types of motors with different maximum rotation speeds in the present invention, three motors sharing a coil in one rotating electric machine (maximum rotation A 6000 rpm A motor, 3000 rpm B motor, and 1500 rpm C motor) can be drawn as shown in FIG.
  • Each motor can be used with a torque smaller than the intersection point of the maximum current and the TI characteristics of each motor.
  • a 6000rpm motor has a torque of A or less
  • a 3000rpm motor has a torque of B or less
  • a 1500rpm motor has a torque of C or less. Applicable.
  • the 6000 rpm motor should be used at 3000-6000 rpm with a torque of A or less
  • the 3000 rpm motor should be used at 1500-3000 rpm with a torque of B or less
  • the 1500 rpm motor should be used with a torque of C or less. It will be adopted at 1500 rpm or less.
  • the torque is A or less and the rotation speed is 1500 rpm or less
  • all motors can be used, but since the efficiency of the motor for low speed rotation is higher, the present invention switches to (adopts) the motor of 1500 rpm.
  • stator coil body 18 has been shown and explained as being composed of three phases of U, V, and W.
  • the motor 10 according to the present invention is characterized in that it is possible to switch circuits in multiple stages between series and parallel. Therefore, the stator coil body 18 is not limited to three phases as long as it is composed of a plurality of phases.
  • FIGS. 38 to 40 show examples in which the stator coil body 18 is composed of two phases.
  • the coils forming the stator coil assembly 18 are connected in series, and when tilted toward the broken line side, the coils are connected in parallel.
  • 39 and 40 are explanatory diagrams schematically showing the configuration of the stator coil body 18.
  • FIG. In both figures, two types of coils, a solid line and a broken line, are drawn to indicate two phases.
  • mountain-shaped portions near the permanent magnet 16a indicated by S and N on the upper side of the drawing represent coils forming poles.
  • 39 shows a state in which each coil is connected in series
  • FIG. 40 shows a state in which each coil is connected in parallel.
  • FIG. 41 shows an example in which the stator coil body 18 is composed of five phases.
  • the coils are connected in series when the circuit section 20 is tilted toward the solid line side, and the coils are connected in parallel when the circuit portion 20 is tilted toward the broken line side.
  • the number of coils and the number of circuit units are limited, but the number of coils and circuits may be increased or decreased to increase the number of combinations when connecting coils in series and in parallel.
  • the combination of coil connection forms may be limited by selecting an appropriate rotational speed and torque according to the application. For example, if you want to increase the number of revolutions more than the torque of the initial operation of electric tools, etc., select and switch the combination of coils that can perform characteristic operation in the high rotation range, such as 4-parallel and 3-parallel. It should be possible.
  • circuit section 20 is shown mechanically for easy understanding of the switching of the connection form of the coil. can be
  • the present invention is a power-saving device that uses a rotating electric machine, and aims to extend the life of the battery. Therefore, instead of simply proposing coil connection switching, the power saving effect brought about by switching, that is, prolonging the life of the coil, is proposed. If a high-speed motor is used in the low-speed range, switching to a low-speed motor will save energy. If motor switching can be closed in one rotating electric machine (if motors with different specifications can be housed in an integrated configuration), the device as a rotating electric machine will not increase in capacity, and it can be applied to applied products such as electric vehicles. It can be treated as the shape of one rotating electrical machine.
  • the gear change is performed by the coil switching device, which is voltage-controlled by the throttle control of the electric vehicle.
  • switching the coil arrangement changes the induced voltage constant. Therefore, if a constant voltage is applied to the same motor, for example, the number of rotations of 2 parallels (2 sets of 2 coils in parallel) will be 2A for the rotation speed A of 1 parallel (4 coils in series), and the rotation speed of 2 parallels (2 sets of 2 coils in parallel) will be 2 A. In addition, the number of rotations becomes 4A, and the number of rotations suddenly changes at once. Therefore, when changing from 1-para to 2-para, for example, when changing from 2-para to 4-para, it is recommended to reduce the shock during shifting by halving the control voltage.
  • the maximum speed can be arbitrarily set as shown in FIG.
  • the speed may be controlled by setting the maximum speed between the 6000 rpm specification motor and the 3000 rpm specification motor.
  • 6000 rpm in this figure is for example, if 5 coils are used, all 5 coils are parallel (5P), 3000 rpm is for 3P + 2P, 2000 rpm is for 2P + 2P + 1S (that is, in the case of series and parallel mixed use), and 1000 rpm is all This is the case of series (5S).
  • N rotational speed
  • 60 km/h eg 100 km/h
  • this setting can be removed in an emergency.
  • the setting switching speed is almost uniform (20km/h between 20km/h, 40km/h, and 60km/h).
  • the total number of coils is four, four coils are parallel
  • the coil connection pattern with the second lowest back electromotive force parallel coil is 2 or more or some are in series.
  • the MAX setting will be between 2 coils and 2 parallels.
  • torque limit is proportional to current, so do not think about it. good
  • one coil is added in parallel only to the 1S part composed of 5 coils of 2P+2P+1S. is integrated with the added coil, so no switch is added for the additional coil). Instead of adding additional coils in this manner, the thickness of the coil in the 1S portion may be doubled that of the other coils, as shown in FIG. 43(c).
  • FIG. 44 is an application example of FIG. 43, in which a coil element is added in parallel for one of the five coil elements, and six coil elements are used, two of which are substantially function as one coil element. Since this additional coil element forms a twin part by adding one coil element to one coil element in parallel (apparently branching), this additional coil is called a complementary coil in this application. .
  • one of the five coil elements in series has a complementary coil, and the back electromotive voltage does not change to 5 V, but the resistance value becomes 4.5 ⁇ , which is lower than when there is no complementary coil.
  • the resistance value is lowered by attaching an auxiliary coil.
  • Pattern (E) does not need to be used because the interval of N is narrowed in view of the TN characteristics (that is, in the coil switching function device (control mechanism including gear switching means), from among the possible connection patterns, It is possible to set the desired usage pattern in the selection range in advance, so that the switching width becomes substantially uniform).
  • the cross-sectional area of the coil may be doubled as shown in FIG. 43(C), and the same effect can be obtained.
  • FIG. 45 illustrates an example of operation switching using the embodiment of FIG. 44 (that is, an example of connecting 5 coil elements with auxiliary coils).
  • the connection pattern of the coil elements is switched, the face of the motor changes, and the motor of each pattern constitutes one motor device. Therefore, there is a maximum number of rotations of the motor for each pattern.
  • the TN characteristic line of the motor of each pattern is drawn in one sheet of T (torque)-N (rotational speed) characteristic diagram.
  • the coil element connection pattern of FIG. 44 corresponds to the following.
  • the gap between (C) and (B) becomes remarkably large. This results in a shock both to the operator and to the motor system.
  • a limiter may be provided before reaching the maximum speed. Therefore, the inventor of the present invention proposes setting a limiter in front of this remarkably wide range of revolutions (for example, 3.5 on the scale, which corresponds to 70 km/h).
  • the scale width between the maximum number of revolutions of pattern (C) and the number of revolutions at the limiter position becomes 1.0, and from 0 to (A), (A) to (D), (D) to (C), (C) ) ⁇ Since the limiter is almost 1.0, the gear change shock is reduced for both the driver and the device.
  • the width between the maximum rotation speeds should be almost equal, and the coil element switching pattern is set so that the width is (1 ⁇ 0.5) times the maximum rotation speed when all the coil elements used are connected in series. A motor should be selected.
  • the scale corresponding to the maximum number of rotations is 1.25, so the width between (A) and (E) is 0.25, and the width between (E) and (D) is 0.25.
  • the interval is also 0.45, which is outside the range of 1 ⁇ 0.5) may be unused. Since such fine switching can be omitted, the switching control becomes simpler, and since the switching interval corresponding to the maximum rotation speed becomes almost equal, the sensory burden on the driver is reduced.
  • the scale of the horizontal axis of the graph in FIG. 45 is up to 6, and they are connected by a characteristic line as shown in the figure.
  • FIG. 42 also describes the MAX display, but the example of FIG. 42 also has in common the point of view that the widths of the maximum rotational speeds are made closer to each other.
  • FIGS. 46 to 49 variations of coil connection switching used in the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 46 to 49.
  • FIG. FIG. 46 uses six coils for each phase. The left side of the drawing shows an example in which switches are turned on between all six coils, and the right side shows an example in which switches are thinned out. If you choose a total connection method up to 6P with 6 coils for each phase, you will need 15 inter-coil switches. is enough for 9, and it decreases sharply.
  • Switches at both ends (c between coils (1) and (2) and e between coils (5) and (6)) become unnecessary when all are connected in series, and the switches connected between the coils at both ends This is because a, b, d, and f can also be reduced.
  • FIG. 47 shows a total of 4-stage switching of full straight (12S), 2P6S, 3P4S, and 4P3S by thinning out the inter-coil switches when performing 4-stage switching using 12 coils for each phase according to the example of FIG. This is an example of , and it is not used when all are parallel.
  • the upper side of the drawing shows an example in which switches are turned on between all coils of 12 coils (comparative example), and the lower side shows an example in which switches are thinned out (this embodiment).
  • the coreless motor of the embodiment of the present application has a rotating shaft 14 at the center of a motor case (housing 12) surrounding the outer circumference, and a part of the rotating shaft 14 protrudes outside from a case flange 12b to serve as an output shaft.
  • the rotating shaft 14 is inserted through a cylindrical sleeve 83 formed in the case flange 12b inside the housing 12 and supported by the bearing 12a.
  • the inner depth of the rotary shaft 14 protrudes from a cylindrical sleeve 83 , a hub 84 is attached to the protruding outer surface, and the rotor 16 is concentrically attached to the outer peripheral position of the cylindrical sleeve 83 via the hub 84 .
  • the rotor 16 has a cylindrical shape, and its wall surface is double-structured to form an outer yoke 16c on the outer peripheral surface side and an inner yoke 16b on the inner peripheral surface side.
  • the outer yoke 16c and the inner yoke 16b are folded back at the end face side of the hub 84, and the annular gap 82 is opened at the other end side (the end portion on the side of the case flange 12b).
  • a permanent magnet 16a is arranged and fixed in the annular gap 82, particularly on the inner peripheral surface of the outer yoke 16c.
  • a cylindrical stator coil body 18 is arranged in an annular gap 82 between the permanent magnet 16a and the inner yoke 16b.
  • the cylindrical stator coil body 18 is formed into a cylindrical shape by weaving a plurality of insulated conductor wires. As described with reference to FIG. 4, this coil body is formed by connecting a plurality of single coils for each phase with intervening switch mechanisms.
  • One end side (conductor wiring side) of the stator coil body 18 is covered with a donut disk-shaped stator disk 85 arranged in the radial direction, and is attached to the case flange 12b via bolts or the like.
  • a coil wiring board and the like are formed on the status disk 85 .
  • a wiring connector 86 is provided near the wiring board.
  • a fixing ring 87 is provided at the outer peripheral position of the status disk 85 .
  • the stator coil body 18 configured in this manner has its free end side inserted into the annular gap 82, and a reinforcing ring 81 is attached to the free end of the stator coil body 18 thus cantilever supported.
  • the reinforcing ring 81 is in a fixed position together with the fixed stator coil body 18, and the outer yoke 16c, the inner yoke 16b, and the magnet 16a rotate integrally therearound.
  • the reinforcing ring 81 has, for example, an L-shaped cross section, and consists of a portion that receives the thickness of the free end of the stator coil body 18 and a portion that protects the outer peripheral surface of the stator coil body 18 . Therefore, the reinforcement ring 81 is formed by cutting out the inner peripheral surface of a ring material having a rectangular cross section which is slightly thicker than the stator coil body 18 so that the L-shaped step is formed.
  • the reinforcing ring 81 is made of a non-magnetic metal material or resin material.
  • the rotor 16 is rotated by supplying a predetermined current to the stator coil body 18 under a donut-shaped cross-sectional magnetic field formed between the outer yoke 16c and the inner yoke 16b. It rotates and the rotary shaft 14 rotates through the hub 84 . Anti-torque is generated in the stator coil body 18 by the rotor 16 rotating simultaneously with the rotation of the rotating shaft 14 .
  • One end of the stator coil body 18 is firmly fixed by the stator disk 85 or the like, but it is expected that the circular shape of the free end inserted into the annular gap 82 of the rotor 16 will be distorted due to counter-torque action. .
  • the reinforcing ring 81 can be easily attached by making it L-shaped, and can be easily attached even if there are unevenness by using an adhesive resin. Further, by forming the reinforcing ring 81 from metal or resin, it is possible to easily and easily prevent distortion.
  • a reinforcing sheet 18a is attached to the inside and/or outside of the cylindrical stator coil body 18 as shown. Since this reinforcing sheet 18a has the purpose of protecting the strength of the molding of the fibrous material, a film sheet of fiber reinforced resin such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is laminated and attached to the coil main body. is doing. It should be noted that this film layer is preferably thinner than the coil body. By doing so, the coil body will not be damaged even if it comes into contact with the yoke or magnet during rotation.
  • CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
  • the system diagram of FIG. 50 shows the connection relationship between the controller 31, the driver 40, the coil connection pattern switching device 80, and the motor 10.
  • the controller 31 determines the torque to be output from the motor 10 from throttle information and speed information.
  • the throttle information is the throttle opening, for example, 0% when the throttle is closed and 100% when the throttle is full.
  • the controller 31 automatically or manually selects the gear value. Calculate the motor current from the selected gear and torque values. Torque constant information for each gear is given to the motor current calculation.
  • the driver 40 controls the motor so that the motor current value becomes the command value from the controller 31, and provides the controller 31 with the rotation speed N of the motor as speed information.
  • gear selection if the rpm is low, it will be a low gear, and if it is high, it will be a higher gear.
  • Torque is determined according to a torque map pre-stored in the controller 31 .
  • This torque map is composed of, for example, torque values corresponding to a plurality of throttle states and a plurality of speeds, and the actual torque to be output is calculated by interpolation calculation from the actual throttle states and speeds and this torque map. be.
  • the controller 31 calculates a torque value from the speed N, slot information, and this torque map. If the throttle value is other than the above six types (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%), the torque value is calculated by interpolation calculation.
  • gear switching is performed by switching the coil connection pattern with the coil connection pattern switching device 80 as described above. In this way the gear changes according to the rpm.
  • the controller 31 calculates for each gear the current value required to generate a predetermined torque to be output and instructs the driver 40 to do so.
  • the current command to the driver 40 is executed at the same time as the gear switching instruction, so that the output torque fluctuation at the time of gear switching is very small and smooth switching is realized. That is, since a current command that does not change the torque before and after switching is performed at the same time as switching, smooth switching is achieved. For example, assuming a system with a torque constant of 0.4 Nm/A in 1st gear and a torque constant of 0.2 Nm/A in 2nd gear, if the torque to be output in 1st gear is 1 Nm, the controller 31 instructs the driver 40 to provide a current command of 2.5A.
  • the controller 31 changes the current command given to the driver 40 from 2.5A to 5A at the same time as the switching command. As a result, the torque output from the motor 10 is maintained at 1 Nm before and after switching, and smooth switching is realized.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour économiser l'énergie fournie à une machine électrique tournante, le procédé permettant d'obtenir un effet d'économie d'énergie d'alimentation électrique par conception du côté moteur.　Selon la présente invention, qui vise à réaliser une économie d'énergie d'alimentation électrique (économie d'énergie), une machine électrique tournante (moteur 10) est connectée à une alimentation électrique (batterie 50). Un circuit d'attaque de moteur (qui peut être simplement appelé circuit d'attaque ci-après) 40 est disposé entre la batterie 50 et le moteur 10. Le circuit d'attaque 40 est un dispositif servant à attaquer et à commander le moteur en faisant circuler un courant électrique dedans, et est un dispositif servant à commander le moteur. Le circuit d'attaque est indispensable pour l'attaque (y compris le nombre de tours, la commande de vitesse et la commande de tension) d'un moteur sans balai. Un courant électrique maximal est défini pour chaque circuit d'attaque. Du point de vue de la protection du moteur et de la sécurité, une valeur nominale maximale absolue est définie, et le circuit d'attaque est utilisé avec une valeur de courant électrique inférieure ou égale à la valeur nominale. Un câble 60 est disposé entre le circuit d'attaque 40 et la batterie 50. Un câble 70 est disposé entre le circuit d'attaque 40 et le moteur 10. Les câbles sont une cause principale de pertes dans le cuivre. Le numéro de référence 80 désigne un dispositif de commutation de motif de connexion de bobine, qui est un dispositif servant à régler le rythme de commutation, en plus d'un groupe de fonctions de commutation servant à commuter les connexions des bobines dans le moteur 10.
PCT/JP2022/019106 2021-04-28 2022-04-27 Procédé pour économiser l'énergie fournie à une machine électrique tournante pour unité mobile électrique, et machine électrique tournante pour unité mobile électrique WO2022230942A1 (fr)

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CN202280009399.2A CN116802992B (zh) 2021-04-28 2022-04-27 电动移动体用旋转电机的电源的节电方法以及电动移动体用旋转电机
JP2022549492A JP7227674B1 (ja) 2021-04-28 2022-04-27 電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法並びに電動移動体用回転電気機械
JP2023014391A JP2023055856A (ja) 2021-04-28 2023-02-02 電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法並びに電動移動体用回転電気機械

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JP2021-076409 2021-04-28
JP2021076409 2021-04-28
JP2021150754 2021-09-16
JP2021-150754 2021-09-16

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006521781A (ja) * 2003-03-26 2006-09-21 ウェイブクレスト ラボラトリーズ リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー 各速度範囲に対して異なる巻線構成を有する多相モータ
CN102624122A (zh) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-01 廊坊市永泰电动车电机有限公司 三相永磁无刷多挡轮毂电机
JP2021505122A (ja) * 2017-12-07 2021-02-15 ユー, リーチェンYU, Li−Chien 巻数を変更可能な巻線コイルを備える永久磁石モータ装置及びその制御方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006521781A (ja) * 2003-03-26 2006-09-21 ウェイブクレスト ラボラトリーズ リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー 各速度範囲に対して異なる巻線構成を有する多相モータ
CN102624122A (zh) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-01 廊坊市永泰电动车电机有限公司 三相永磁无刷多挡轮毂电机
JP2021505122A (ja) * 2017-12-07 2021-02-15 ユー, リーチェンYU, Li−Chien 巻数を変更可能な巻線コイルを備える永久磁石モータ装置及びその制御方法

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