WO2022230942A1 - Method for saving power supplied to rotating electric machine for electric mobile unit, and rotating electric machine for electric mobile unit - Google Patents
Method for saving power supplied to rotating electric machine for electric mobile unit, and rotating electric machine for electric mobile unit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022230942A1 WO2022230942A1 PCT/JP2022/019106 JP2022019106W WO2022230942A1 WO 2022230942 A1 WO2022230942 A1 WO 2022230942A1 JP 2022019106 W JP2022019106 W JP 2022019106W WO 2022230942 A1 WO2022230942 A1 WO 2022230942A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coils
- coil
- motor
- series
- parallel
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 26
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 52
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007659 motor function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 244000069218 Heracleum sphondylium ssp montanum Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101150026061 STX4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010091769 Shiga Toxin 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010090763 Shiga Toxin 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150086571 Stx3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power saving method for a power source of a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle and to a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle with a function of reducing current used, and in particular to a power source for a rotary electric machine suitable for application to electric vehicles including bicycles. and a rotary electric machine with a function of reducing the current used.
- JP 2018-19504 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-5398 JP 2020-133589 A JP 2020-120442 A
- Patent Document 1 In order to reduce the power consumption of an electric vehicle equipped with a battery, the refrigerant circulation is devised (Patent Document 1), the equipment associated with the motor (inverter, generator, etc.) is controlled (Patent Document 2), and the temperature of the battery is increased.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-300001 and a device for stopping power supply from a battery to a motor control device depending on the estimated temperature of the motor (Patent Document 4) have been proposed.
- the purpose of the present invention is to achieve the energy saving effect of the power supply by devising the motor side.
- Another object of the present invention is to extend the travel distance (cruising distance) of the battery of the electric vehicle.
- a power saving method for a power source of a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle is characterized by the following features.
- a power saving method for a power supply of a rotating electrical machine three or more coils (same specifications) are provided for each phase of a plurality of phases as the rotating electrical machine, and coils of the respective phases are provided in the middle of the second wiring path.
- the coil connection at the start is set to the above-mentioned (a) for the maximum torque state, and in the maximum speed state the coil connection is set to the above-mentioned (b) for the minimum torque state, and intermediate between them.
- the above (c) series-parallel connection is used, and as the speed decreases on an uphill, the above (a) is automatically established.
- the rotary electric machine is provided with three or more coils for each phase of a plurality of phases, and by switching the connection between the coils, a plurality of motors having substantially different efficiencies are generated. It is built in a form that shares the coils, and the switching pattern of the connection between the coils is selected from at least (a) all in series, (b) all in parallel, and (c) series-parallel connection in which parallel combinations are connected in series.
- the coil connection at the start is set to the above-mentioned (a), resulting in a maximum torque state, and in the maximum speed state, the coil connection is set to the above-described (b), resulting in a minimum torque state.
- Parallel connection is used, and the coil connection is selected such that (a) is automatically achieved as the speed decreases on an uphill slope, and the number of rotations changes stepwise (c) while braking is applied on a downhill slope. automatically select a motor with high motor efficiency at an arbitrary number of revolutions according to the load to reduce the current used by the power supply.
- the power supply is a battery
- the selection is applied to an electric vehicle by switching between a stage with a small torque constant and a stage with a large torque constant. to extend the cruising range.
- the rotary electric machine includes a non-rotating cylindrical stator coil body inside a motor housing, and a rotor provided with permanent magnets spaced apart from the stator coil body and positioned on the opposite surface of the stator coil body.
- the cylindrical stator coil body is formed by combining a plurality of phases of three or more coils for each phase, and each coil is wound with an insulated conductor wire
- One end of the cylindrical coil body thus produced is fixed inside the motor and the other end is a free end.
- a reinforcing layer shall be pasted on the surface.
- the parallel combination of (b) or (c) further includes one coil or two or more series The addition of a pattern in which connection coils are connected in series.
- one coil is attached in parallel to one coil connected in series in (d) (hereinafter referred to as "complementary coil” in the present application.
- the supplementary coil is the above ( In addition to the parallel connection of b) and (c), a coil is shown in which one coil is connected in parallel with respect to the specific one coil added in series in the above (d)).
- the number of coils in each phase is six, and the switches provided between the coils are thinned out to form a coil series section without switches, thereby disabling the all-parallel pattern of (b). , (a) all in series, and (c) 3-series 2-parallel (3S2P) and 2-series 3-parallel (2S3P).
- the rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle is characterized by any one of the following.
- (10) A rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle that is incorporated in a device that includes a power supply, a driver, and a first wiring path between the power supply and the driver, and that is connected to the driver by a second wiring path.
- the rotating electric machine is provided with three or more coils for each phase of a plurality of phases, and by switching the connection between the coils, a plurality of motors with different efficiencies are built in such that the coils are shared.
- the switching pattern of the connection between the coils is selected from at least (a) all in series, (b) all in parallel, and (c) series-parallel connection in which a combination of parallel is connected in series, so that the coil connection at the time of start is set to the above (a), the maximum torque state is obtained, in the maximum speed state, the coil connection is set to the above (b), and the minimum torque state is obtained, and in the intermediate speed stage, the series-parallel connection is set to the above (c).
- the motor is automatically connected to the above (a), and on a downhill, braking is applied and the rotation speed is changed stepwise to the above (c). Equipped with a working current reduction function that automatically selects a motor with high efficiency according to the load.
- the power source is a battery, and has a function of reducing the current used by the power source according to the switching between a stage with a small torque constant and a stage with a large torque constant, thereby saving power of the electric vehicle. be able to extend the cruising range.
- the rotary electric machine includes a non-rotating cylindrical stator coil body inside a motor housing, and a rotor provided with permanent magnets positioned on the opposite surface of the stator coil body and spaced apart from the stator coil body.
- the cylindrical stator coil body is formed by combining a plurality of phases of three or more coils for each phase, and each coil is wound with an insulated conductor wire
- One end of the cylindrical coil body thus produced is fixed inside the motor and the other end is a free end.
- a reinforcing layer shall be pasted on the surface.
- the number of coils in each phase is six, and the switches provided between the coils are thinned out to form a series coil section without switches, thereby disabling the all-parallel pattern of (b). , (a) all in series, and (c) 3-series 2-parallel (3S2P) and 2-series 3-parallel (2S3P).
- the present invention is also effective in the following aspects. (18) It is within the scope of the present invention to disuse some coils, change the thickness of some coils, and attach additional coils in parallel to some of the coils. However, unless otherwise specified in this specification, each coil has substantially the same specifications.
- the first wiring route and the second wiring route include cases where elements, devices, and devices other than wiring intervene (hereinafter the same).
- a motor torque constant selection switching device is provided in the motor to select and switch the one with the smaller torque constant for the desired high-speed rotation, and select the one with the larger torque constant when the desired high-speed rotation is not required. To suppress the motor current in the high-speed rotation unnecessary section by switching.
- the coil connection selection device is a device that automatically determines and executes switching timing.
- a rotary electric machine in which substantially three or more motor functions with different battery usage currents at an arbitrary torque constant are created by coil switching in one motor, wherein the switching mechanism for each motor function comprises: The current used in each motor function is switched to a rotation speed corresponding to the torque determined within the range of the maximum current.
- a coreless rotary electric machine comprising a housing, a cylindrical non-rotating stator coil body, and a rotor provided with permanent magnets spaced apart from the stator coil body and positioned on the opposite surface of the stator coil body.
- the stator coil body is composed of a plurality of phases, each phase is composed of a plurality of coils, and the connection form of the coils constituting each phase is selected from a series form, a parallel form, and a plurality of forms between the parallel forms.
- a rotating electrical machine in which a plurality of motors are formed depending on the combination of coils.
- the coil connection type is selected so as to increase the number of coils to be connected, and the number of revolutions corresponding to the torque constant at which the working current in each motor is reduced.
- Substantially three or more types of motors M1, M2, . -I characteristic is large (the same shall apply hereinafter) is built in, and the plurality of motors selectively share the coils to be used, so that one of the motors can be selected and used within one rotating electric machine.
- the TI characteristic has a relationship in which the motor current value (I) is substantially directly proportional to the torque (T), and each TN characteristic corresponding to each TI characteristic is the number of revolutions (N ) and torque (T) are substantially inversely proportional, and the torque at the maximum current value derived from the driver is T1, T2, . . . ⁇ Tn (T1, T2, . . . n corresponds to M1, M2, . . .
- a method of operating a motor wherein a motor having a higher motor efficiency is selected for the same rotational speed by selectively using a motor having a large n at the same torque value.
- a plurality of coils used by three or more types of motors with different maximum rotation speeds are shared, and by switching the connection between the coils used, there are substantially three or more types of motors with different rotation speed specifications.
- the timing of automatic switching of coil connection in each rotating electrical machine is selected from those based on one or a combination of rotation speed, torque (motor current), and motor voltage.
- each of the rotating electric machines there is one in which one or more coils are connected in series in a parallel arrangement of a plurality of coils.
- the entire coil portion of the motor is referred to as a stator coil, and a single coil constituting the stator coil is simply referred to as a coil.
- Odd-numbered coils cannot be combined with the same number of parallel coils, and must be combined with parallel coils with different numbers of coils or connected with one or more series coils connected to a parallel coil. It was reasonable to think that it would be fine to apply a current that matches the weakest coil, and instead, we focused on increasing the number of coil switching patterns and enabling finer switching.
- a cylindrical coil is formed by combining a predetermined number of coils made by winding wire rods at high density ( In other words, by using coreless motors and slotless motors that do not have iron core teeth, even if some wire coils generate excessive heat, the heat is spread to the adjacent wire coils, thereby suppressing excessive heat generation.
- a dummy coil referred to as an auxiliary coil in the present application
- the resistance can be dispersed and heat generation can be suppressed. In other words, since it is possible to eliminate the imbalance of the heat-generating parts, the number of switching points was increased, and the adoption of the odd number of coils and the adoption of the series/parallel mixed pattern does not exist in the conventional concept.
- the power saving effect can be achieved by devising the motor side.
- the rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle having the characteristics described above it is possible to extend the running distance (cruising distance) of the battery of the electric vehicle.
- FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an embodiment to which the present invention is applied;
- FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional structural example of the stator coil body applied to this invention.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a combination example of a plurality of coils forming the stator coil body of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 3 is a TI and TN characteristic diagram of motors with three different efficiencies.
- FIG. 10 is a measurement diagram for explaining selection of motors with different efficiencies for high speed, medium speed, and low speed;
- FIG. 3 is an image diagram of comparison of characteristics of three types of motors with different efficiencies.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific example of operation switching when a three-stage switching motor is applied to a vehicle (relationship between change in rotation speed and connection switching).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific example of operation switching when a three-stage switching motor is applied to a vehicle (relationship of hysteresis);
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific example of operation switching when a three-stage switching motor is applied to a vehicle (relationship between speed change and connection switching).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific example of operation switching when a three-stage switching motor is applied to a vehicle (relationship between change in road surface inclination and connection switching).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a specific example of operation switching when a three-stage switching motor is applied to a vehicle (relationship between change in road surface inclination and connection switching).
- FIG. 5 is a pattern diagram of coil connection when there are five coils for each phase (five coils) according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 13 is an arrangement image diagram of switches used for switching coils of the coil pattern of FIG. 12 ; It is a connection pattern diagram with four coils (four coils). It is a connection pattern diagram with three coils (three coils). It is a connection pattern diagram with six coils (six coils). It is a connection pattern diagram with eight coils (eight coils).
- FIG. 18 is a connection pattern diagram following FIG. 17 with eight coils (eight coils).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a control unit that outputs a command signal to a circuit unit using switching elements; FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between a clock and Lo and Hi in various command signals when the circuit unit is configured by switching elements;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit of blocks that configure each phase;
- FIG. 20 is a detailed explanatory diagram of a control unit that generates a dead time in FIG. 19 and outputs a command signal;
- 23 is a detailed circuit diagram of the U-phase block 37 of FIG. 22 showing the FET switching circuit;
- FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a whole view of related circuits for a coil switching operation in which the present invention is applied to an electric motorcycle; It is a circuit diagram used in order to achieve the battery power saving effect of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit of blocks that configure each phase;
- FIG. 20 is a detailed explanatory diagram of a control unit that generates a dead time in FIG. 19 and outputs a command signal;
- 23 is a detailed circuit diagram of the U-phase
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of the battery power saving effect of the present invention
- 3 is a diagram showing the circuit configuration of a stator coil body in the motor according to the first embodiment
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a graph showing relational characteristics between torque and rotation speed, and between torque and current when the connection method of coils forming the stator coil body is switched.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in characteristics when the motor is operated by switching the connection method of the coils forming the stator coil body.
- 5 is a graph showing changes in output characteristics when the motor is operated by switching the connection method of the coils forming the stator coil body, and zones for switching according to the situation.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the circuit configuration of a stator coil body in the motor according to the second embodiment; 9 is a graph showing changes in characteristics when the motor according to the second embodiment is operated by switching the connection method of the coils forming the stator coil body. It is a figure which shows the application form provided with 12 coils and 5 circuit parts in 1 phase.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the arrangement of coils when 12 coils are used; It is a diagram showing an example of a circuit in a six-stage switching motor, and a partially enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a dashed line A is shown in the figure.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an index for automating the timing of coil connection switching used in the present invention; FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a TI/TN characteristic diagram of an example of three types of motors coexisting in the rotary electric machine used in the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a circuit example in which a stator coil body is composed of two phases
- FIG. 4 is a developed view showing an example of a two-phase stator coil body in which coils of respective phases are connected in series
- FIG. 4 is a developed view showing an example of a two-phase stator coil assembly in which coils of respective phases are connected in parallel
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a circuit example when a stator coil body is composed of five phases
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an application example of coil switching used in the present invention
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a coil pattern showing still another example of coil connection
- FIG. 44 is an explanatory diagram showing variations of connection switching in the example of FIG. 43
- FIG. 45 is a TN characteristic diagram according to the connection switching example of FIG. 44
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a coil pattern showing still another example of coil connection
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a coil pattern showing still another example of coil connection
- FIG. 48 is a TN characteristic diagram according to the connection switching example of FIG. 47
- FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram of a cylindrical coil reinforcing measure for the coreless rotating electrical machine used in the present invention
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment of the control system diagram of the present invention.
- the total power consumption supplied to the system from a battery or other power source includes the power consumed as output from the motor shaft, the power consumed within the motor such as mechanical loss, the power consumed within the switching circuit, and the power consumed by the motor. Power consumed by wires from the driver to the switching circuit, power consumed by the driver, and power consumed by wires from the power supply to the driver.
- the adoption of the present invention is suitable for systems (such as wheelchairs) where the cable length between the motor and driver is long, the maximum current is large (such as an electric motorcycle), or the motor capacity is large, and the time to generate the maximum instantaneous torque is short. When applied, the effect is exhibited remarkably.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the characteristics of the three types of motors described above, in which four coils are used and substantially three types of motors with different motor efficiencies are provided as one motor by switching the coils.
- the current limit is 8A
- the motor uses 4 coils, and there are 2 sets of 2 coils in parallel, 4 coils in series (4S-1P) and 4 coils in parallel (1S-4P).
- Each characteristic switching is performed based on rotation speed, torque, and efficiency, and switching for efficiency is illustrated in FIG.
- a pattern of motor is appropriate for low rotation (1000 rpm, (a)), medium rotation (2500 rpm, (b)), and high rotation (5000 rpm, (c)).
- 2S-2P and 1S-4P can be used when the torque is 2 N m or less, but 2S-2P is selected because 2S-2P has higher efficiency and the motor current value is smaller. Only 2S-2P can be supported when the torque is 2 N ⁇ m to 4 N ⁇ m. Therefore, 2S-2P is selected for medium rotation.
- Fig. 7 shows side by side the efficiency measurement results of three types of motors with different efficiencies. If the torque is the same, the motor with the lower rotation speed specification (capacity) consumes less energy and is more efficient. It should be noted that regardless of whether the number of rotations is high or low, if the same number of rotations is used, the lower the number of rotations, the less energy consumption and the better the efficiency. If the high-speed motor is used in the low-speed range, switching to the low-speed motor will have an energy-saving effect, and it is presumed that the running distance and running time can be lengthened when the motor is driven.
- FIG. A motor 10 according to the present embodiment is a so-called coreless motor that is basically composed of a housing 12 , a rotating shaft 14 , a stator coil body 18 and a rotor 16 .
- the housing 12 is an element forming an outer shell, and accommodates the rotating shaft 14, the stator coil body 18, and the rotor 16 in an internal space.
- the rotating shaft 14 is arranged so as to pass through the housing 12 and is rotatably supported by a bearing 12 a provided at an intersection with the housing 12 .
- the stator coil body 18 is divided into a plurality of phases (three phases of U phase, V phase and W phase in this embodiment). A plurality of coils are connected to form one coil, and the same number of coils are prepared for each coil, so that it is configured to form a cylindrical shape.
- the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase forming the stator coil body 18 are each composed of a plurality of coils forming poles. In the form shown in FIG. 3, each phase is divided into 1/2 (that is, halved), and the first coil U1, the second coil U2, the first coil V1, the second coil V2, the first coil W1, the second coil It is configured to consist of a coil W2.
- the phase constituting the inner cylindrical coil body is the U phase
- the phase positioned radially outside the inner cylindrical coil body is the V phase
- the phase positioned further outside the V phase. is a W phase
- each phase has a first coil (U1, V1, W1) and a second coil (U2, V2, W2).
- U1, V1, W1 and U2, V2, W2 are just an example, and different orders and overlapping methods may be used.
- each phase is sequentially shifted by approximately 1/3 of the electrical angle in the circumferential direction.
- the stator coil body 18 having such a configuration is configured such that one end face thereof is supported by the stator (the housing 12 in the example shown in FIG. 2) which is a fixed member.
- the U-phase, the V-phase, and the W-phase are shifted by 120° in electrical angle.
- the V phase is shifted by 120° and the W phase by 240° with respect to the U phase in the case of two poles.
- the V phase is shifted by 60° or 240° and the W phase by 120° or 300° with respect to the U phase.
- the V phase is 40°, 160°, 280° with respect to the U phase
- the W phase is 80°, 200°, 320°.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation.
- the rotor 16 also has a cylindrical outer yoke 16c, an inner yoke 16b, and a permanent magnet 16a, one of which is connected to the rotating shaft 14 at one end face.
- the outer yoke 16c is an element located on the outer peripheral side of the stator coil body 18 described above (on the outer peripheral side in the radial direction with respect to the center of the cylinder), and the inner yoke 16b is an element located on the inner peripheral side of the stator coil body 18. is.
- the permanent magnet 16a is provided inside the outer yoke 16c and on the opposite surface of the stator coil body 18. As shown in FIG.
- the stator coil body 18 does not have an iron core, so the self-inductance can be kept small. It is effective to apply the present invention to a slotless motor in that the inductance can be reduced because there is no iron core.
- a litz wire is used for the winding and the shape is formed by coating with an insulating layer.
- the litz wire is configured by bundling a plurality of conductive wires, and the outer periphery of each conductive wire is covered with an electrically insulating layer (eg, enamel).
- the outer circumference of the bundled conductive wires 18a may be provided with a skin layer made of a fibrous material such as glass fiber.
- the winding method illustrated in Fig. 4 is schematic for understanding, and is not limited to this. It is also effective to replace the coil with one or more litz wire bundles for the winding methods disclosed in our patents 6,989,204 and 6,948,748. By doing so, even if excessive heat generation occurs partially in the coil due to the mixture of parallel and serial portions of the coil, the heat is diffused by the coil wire that is in close contact with the coil, and excessive partial heat generation is suppressed.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the concept of the overall system of the present invention. Since the present invention aims at energy saving (power saving) of the power source, the rotary electric machine (motor 10) is connected to the power source (battery 50) of the moving body. A motor driver (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a driver) 40 is interposed between the battery 50 and the motor 10 .
- the driver 40 is a device that drives and controls the motor 10 by applying current, and is an essential device for driving the brushless motor (including rotation speed control, speed control, voltage control, etc.).
- a maximum current is set for each driver 40, and an absolute maximum rating is set for safety from the viewpoint of motor protection, and the driver is used with a current value below that.
- a cable 60 is interposed between the driver 40 and the battery 50, and a cable 70 is interposed between the driver 40 and the motor 10, which causes copper loss.
- Reference numeral 80 denotes an automatic coil switching device which, in addition to the switch function group for switching the connection of the coils of the motor 10, sets the switching timing. Since the driver 40 can set the current to be applied to the motor (coil), for example, even if there is a weak coil due to mixed use of series and parallel, the current setting of the driver can be set based on the weak coil.
- FIG. 10 is not limited to a coreless motor, and can be used in common with changes in rotational speed and load in an electric lawn mower or the like having a rotating blade that uses an iron core motor.
- coreless motors and slotless motors that do not use core teeth are preferable in that the inductance can be reduced. Circuit diagrams used in the following examples will be described later.
- the vehicle speed is further increased and the vehicle speed is 100 km/h (for example, the number of revolutions of the motor 10 is 2000 rpm) with 4 parallels (all four coils are parallel), the vehicle enters a slight uphill slope (inclination angle ⁇ ). Then, the load on the motor 10 increases, so that the number of revolutions automatically decreases and the speed drops. For example, when the rotation speed drops to about 1167 rpm (equivalent to 50 km/h: 5/6 of 1400 rpm), it automatically switches to 2 parallel.
- connection type of the motor 10 automatically switches to 2-parallel (2P+2P). Further, when the vehicle is further accelerated to 60 km/h (1400 rpm) on a flat road, it becomes 4 para (4P), and can be accelerated to about 100 km/h (2000 rpm). Up to this point, automatic control is performed by the coil connection pattern switching device 80 as the rotational speed of the motor increases.
- regenerative braking so-called engine brake
- automatic control and manual control may be combined.
- the speed is gradually reduced in the 4P state to about 60 km/h (1400 rpm).
- the speed is further reduced by switching to 2P+2P.
- connection type of the motor 10 is switched to 1 parallel (series, that is, 4S), and the road is flat. It should be noted that on a downhill, the power supply can be charged by applying regenerative braking as described above.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 The above flow is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 as switching between high speed (Top: T), medium speed (Second: S), and low speed (Low: L), and will be described below.
- T high speed
- S medium speed
- L low speed
- the accelerator is fully opened (fully opened), and the coil connection is automatically switched by the coil connection pattern switching device 80 by detecting the number of revolutions of the motor 10 .
- the rotation speed of the motor 10 increases as the vehicle accelerates, while the accelerator signal (manual accelerator signal) input by the driver is output to increase the rotation speed to MAX. Therefore, the manual accelerator signal becomes higher than the rotation speed of the motor 10 .
- the coil connection pattern switching device 80 switches to S.
- the S state is maintained even when the vehicle enters a steeper slope.
- the coil connection pattern switching device 80 is not controlled by the number of revolutions (speed) of the motor, but is controlled by the accelerator opening (current control).
- speed control speed control
- the coil connection pattern switching device 80 switches to L in order to accelerate the vehicle.
- the (rotational speed) rises, it switches to S, and then switches to T.
- the top speed at T reaches about 100 km/h.
- section B shown in FIG. 10 priority is given to switching control of the coil connection pattern switching device 80 (see FIG. 1) based on the degree of opening of the accelerator. Therefore, when the rotational speed (speed) of the motor 10 is lower than the support based on the accelerator opening, the coil connection pattern switching device 80 is switched by the current instruction based on the accelerator opening. That is, in the section B', the number of revolutions of the motor 10 decreases as the vehicle speed decreases, but the coil connection pattern switching device 80 functions automatically according to the current value in order to maintain the vehicle speed at 60 km/h.
- the manual accelerator signal is also greater than the rotation speed of the motor 10 in the section B as well.
- FIG. 11 illustrates another aspect as an operation switching pattern.
- the top gear is selected in the range from level ground to uphill with a small inclination angle.
- the gear is switched to the second gear, and when the inclination becomes large, the gear is switched to the low gear.
- the coil connection pattern switching device 80 has a gear switching function of a conventional automobile. In other words, the switching of the gears (switching of eight stages) is performed by the switching of the connection of the coil pattern.
- the low gear has high torque and low rotation speed, and can generate high torque with a small amount of current.
- a high voltage is required to increase the rotation speed in the low gear stage, but since the operation is performed at a low rotation speed in the low gear stage, a high voltage is not required.
- the 2'nd gear provides medium torque and medium rotation speed
- the top gear provides low torque and high rotation speed (high speed rotation is possible with low voltage).
- a large current is required to obtain a high torque in the top gear, but a large current is not required in the top gear stage because the operation is performed with a low torque.
- connection switching of coil patterns such as a low state in series, a plurality of parallel connections, or a mixed use of series and parallel connections is possible.
- the vehicle speed (vehicle speed) of the electric vehicle to be applied is detected by an encoder or a resolver, and the coil switching is performed based on the detected vehicle speed value.
- vehicle speed may be detected using a sensor (not shown) or the like, and various conventional (known) methods can be used.
- the timing of coil switching is performed by the automatic coil switching device 80 in which the switching timing is set based on various speed detections.
- FIG. 12 shows a variation of coil connection for 5 coils (when there are 5 coils for each phase; the same applies hereinafter). Note that the switching circuit is omitted in the drawing. In order to make the explanation easier to understand, one coil is assumed to be 1 ⁇ . If 5 coils are prepared as shown in the figure, 1 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 4 ⁇ , and 5 ⁇ can be selected by selecting the number of coils to be used.
- Tables 1 and 2 show variations of coil switching and connection patterns for a 5-coil/phase motor. ⁇ Shown in the case of sorting in order of rated torque. When arranged in order of the number of coils used When arranged in the order of torque constant and rated torque
- the generated voltage is different, so the one that generates a circulating current is excluded. That is, it is a connection pattern in which a circulating current is generated when coil sets with different induced voltages are connected in parallel, and such a pattern is excluded.
- the latter connection method is adopted.
- the former connection can be expected to reduce the circulating current caused by variations in the coil characteristics, but the number of switches must be increased to achieve this, so the latter connection is adopted in this example.
- the 5-coil connection pattern is a proposal that considers not only “minimum copper loss” but also "smoothness at the time of switching". For example, when switching from a torque constant of 4kt to 3kt, if you switch directly from (3S+2P) to (1S+2P+2P), the resistance between the terminals will be halved from 3.5 ⁇ to 2.0 ⁇ , resulting in a step that doubles the motor current.
- Fig. 14 shows a connection variation of 4 coils (when each coil is 4; the same applies hereinafter) according to Fig. 12, and Fig. 15 shows a connection variation of 3 coils (when there are 3 coils for each phase; the same applies hereinafter).
- Broken line arrows in FIG. 14 indicate the flow of switching accompanying changes in the resistance value.
- a series/parallel mixed pattern can be selected as in FIG. 12, and an odd number of coils can be used as in FIGS. 12 and 15.
- FIG. 14 shows a connection variation of 4 coils (when each coil is 4; the same applies hereinafter) according to Fig. 12, and Fig. 15 shows a connection variation of 3 coils (when there are 3 coils for each phase; the same applies hereinafter).
- Broken line arrows in FIG. 14 indicate the flow of switching accompanying changes in the resistance value.
- a series/parallel mixed pattern can be selected as in FIG. 12, and an odd number of coils can be used as in FIGS. 12 and 15.
- FIG. 16 shows the case of 6 coils (when there are 6 coils for each phase; hereinafter the same).
- a desirable circuit selection pattern is to adopt a wiring system that minimizes the resistance when the number of coils used is the same.
- a lower resistance has the effect of saving energy (prolonging battery life). Therefore, in the above example pattern, if the back electromotive voltage generated by one coil is 1 V, then (1) for 1 V, (5) for 2 V, (8) for 3 V, and (9) for 4 V. , (10) for 5V and (12) for 6V are recommended.
- Figs. 17 and 18 show patterns for 8 coils (when there are 8 coils for each phase; the same shall apply hereinafter).
- 8 sets of 3P are connected, in the case of 4-para, 6 sets of 4-P are connected, and in the case of 6-para, 4 sets of 6-P are connected, so that they can be divided equally.
- the number of divisions is increased, three sets of 8P and two sets of 12P are connected, and in the case of 24 parallel, each coil is divided and all 24 coils are arranged in parallel.
- the motor shaft output torque T is expressed as follows, where Im is the motor current: There is a relationship That is, in order to increase the output torque, it is necessary to increase the motor current or increase the torque constant.
- the maximum voltage of the power supply voltage Vb is limited by the battery voltage and the booster circuit, and the maximum current value of the motor current Im is limited by the motor driver circuit.
- the rotation speed is limited by the power supply voltage and the maximum torque is limited by the maximum current value of the motor driver circuit, if it is necessary to further increase the maximum rotation speed or increase the maximum output torque,
- high rotation speed and high output torque can be realized without changing the power supply voltage and the motor driver circuit.
- the torque constant kt of the motor can be reduced by connecting the coils in parallel with the switching circuit, and the maximum rotation speed can be increased. Further, when high torque is required, the motor torque constant kt is increased by connecting the coils in series with the switching circuit, making it possible to increase the output torque T even under the same motor current Im. .
- FIG. 19 shows a full view of the circuit configuration.
- the gear switching operation means 30 is connected to a controller 31, and when a command signal from the gear switching operation means 30 is input to the controller 31, the controller 31 sends a command signal Sin (serial in) to the shift register 32. input.
- the shift register 32 When the command signal Sin is input, the shift register 32 outputs command signals from terminals Q0, Q1, and Q2, respectively. At this time, the shift register 32 adjusts the output from each terminal (Q0, Q1, Q2) by the action of the clock signal clk. Specifically, Q0 becomes L when Sin is L (Lo, hereinafter the same) and clk rises, and Q0 becomes H when Sin is H (Hi, hereinafter the same) and clk rises. On the other hand, in other cases, that is, when Sin does not change, the signal state remains L or H regardless of the rise of clk. Q1 is changed based on the signal of Q0.
- the outputs from Q0 and Q2 are input to the NOR element 33, and a command signal is output as EN (XNOR: exclusive NOR).
- the output of the command signal is permitted when the signals of Q0 and Q2 match, and the output of the command signal is not permitted when the two signals do not match.
- the gate becomes H and the output of the command signal is permitted.
- the output from Q0 is H and the output from Q2 is also Hde
- the gate becomes H and the output of the command signal is permitted.
- the command signal output from Q0 is L and the output from Q2 is H, or when the output from Q0 is H and the output from Q2 is L, the gate becomes L and the command signal is output. No output allowed.
- the command signal output from Q1 in the shift register 32 is input to the AND element 35 via the NOT element 34 and directly to the AND element 36 as well. Since the output signal from the NOT element 34 is the opposite of the input signal (when the command signal output from Q1 is L, the output from the NOT element 34 is H, and the command signal from Q1 is H). If there is, the output from the NOT element 34 is L), and opposite command signals are input to the AND elements 35 and 36 as the command signals from Q1.
- the AND elements 35 and 36 will output H as the command signal only when the command signal from Q1 and the output signal from the NOR element 33 become H at the same time.
- opposite signals L or H
- the AND element 35 and the AND element 36 are input to the AND element 35 and the AND element 36 as command signals from Q1, so both of them do not output H command signals at the same time.
- the switching timing of the output signal from the NOR element 33 and the switching timing of the command signal from Q1 coincide. There is nothing to do. Therefore, there is no possibility that the switching timings of the command signals of the AND element 35 and the AND element 36 will match.
- the outputs from the AND element 35 and the AND element 36 are respectively input to blocks 37, 38, and 39 that constitute the circuit of each phase.
- a block 37 indicates a U-phase block
- a block 38 indicates a V-phase block
- a block 39 indicates a W-phase block.
- G1s to which the command signal output from the AND element 35 is input is the input terminal of the switching signal to the gate serial (serial side).
- G1p to which a signal is input is an input terminal of a switching signal to gate parallel (parallel side).
- the command signals from the AND element 35 and the AND element 36 do not match, and the switching timing of L and H also deviates. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- G1s and G1p are turned ON (Hi) at the same time, and no short circuit occurs.
- the number "1" in G1s and G1p indicates the number of each circuit section, and in Table 15 (described later in another section), the terminals of Kx11 in the circuit section are indicated as G11s and G11p, respectively. be able to.
- FIG. 21 shows an example of a circuit diagram that configures a block.
- the example shown in FIG. 21 is an example of a circuit diagram of a block that configures the U phase, but the blocks that configure the V phase and W phase also have the same configuration.
- Lu1h is Lv1h for the V phase
- Lw1h for the W phase and Lv2h and Lw2h for Lu2h.
- Lu1l becomes Lv1l and Lw1l
- Vu becomes Vv and Vw, respectively.
- a switching element and an FET (field effect transistor) element 40 corresponding to the circuit section are shown. It is not limited.
- FIG. 22 shows the details of the control unit that generates the dead time and outputs the command signal in FIG.
- FIG. 23 shows an FET switching circuit, and the details of the circuit of the U-phase block 37 in FIG. 19 are the same for the V-phase block 38 and the W-phase block 39.
- Fig. 24 is an example of a panoramic view of a related circuit for coil switching (that is, motor switching) operation in which the coreless motor with an automatic switching device of this embodiment is applied to an electric motorcycle.
- Reference numeral 100 denotes a speed control part of the switching operation unit
- reference numeral 110 denotes an emergency stop switch
- reference numeral 120 denotes a mode selection switch (Auto/Manual) for selecting whether coil switching should be automatic or manual.
- Reference numeral 130 denotes a changeover switch (selection of 4P (4 para), 2P+2P (2 para), and 4S (1 para) when manual selection is made with reference numeral 120
- reference numeral 140 denotes an electronic circuit of a coil switching device.
- Each of these blocks is connected to the motor controller (motor driver) via J1 (DB25_Male) as shown.
- the power saving effect of the entire system incorporating the coil switching device according to the present invention is shown below as data.
- the measurement environment is as follows.
- the motor used is CPH110 manufactured by Coreless Motor Co., Ltd. (a litz wire is applied to the coil of the coreless motor manufactured by Coreless Motor Co., the rated specifications are shown in Table 3), the driver is RoboteQ HIOKI PW3336 manufactured by Unipulse Co., Ltd.
- (B) is basically the same condition (wire is 2720 mm), but the conditions of (A) in Tables 11 and 13 conform to (B) in other tables, but the motor used is 1kW specification unit, cable (wire: 1200mm) in driver motor, circuit is mechanical contact type relay, power supply is 48V using 2 batteries, and Litz wire is applied to motor coil. As can be seen in the table below, all of them have power saving effects. 15rpm current (B) 25rpm current (B) 50rpm current (B) 100rpm current (B) 200rpm current (B) 550rpm current (B) 940rpm current (B) 2000rpm current (A) 2500rpm current (B) 3000rpm current (A)
- Table 14 summarizes the data obtained by changing the wire distance between the driver and the coil selector at 50 rpm and confirming the influence of the choke coil. "Reduction degree” in the table: reduction degree (%) of battery current.
- Fig. 26 shows the measurement results of the battery consumption current with 4 parallel (4 coils in parallel) and 1 parallel (4 coils in series) cable lengths.
- each phase constituting the stator coil body 18 is divided into two coils (first coil U1, second coil U2, first coil V1, second coil V2, It is composed of a first coil W1 and a second coil W2).
- the stator coil body 18 according to this embodiment is composed of three-phase coils. Note that this is an example, and the form of the coil does not determine the number of poles.
- each phase of U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2 is a coil body with six coils in series, or in the case of 8 poles, U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2 , each of the phases may be a coil body with four coils in series.
- the number of poles cannot be determined from the shape of the stator coil body 18, and any number of poles may be used as long as the number of poles is even.
- a circuit section 20 that constitutes a changeover switch (20U, 20V, 20W) are provided between the coils (the first coil U1 and the second coil U2, the first coil V1 and the second coil V2, the first coil W1 and the second coil W2) that constitute each phase.
- the circuit section 20 consists of two switching switches (first switch A and second switch B) with one port on the input side and two ports on the output side arranged in parallel.
- the input port of the first switch A is connected to the first coils U1, V1 and W1, respectively, and the input port of the second switch B is connected to the first bypass line.
- the second coils U2, V2, W2 are connected to the output port of the first switch A on the a port side, and the second bypass line is connected to the b port side.
- the a port side of the output side port of the second switch B is open (unconnected), and the b port side is connected to branch lines from the second coils U2, V2, and W2.
- the first coils U1, V1, W1 and the second coils U2, V2, W2 can be connected in series or in parallel by switching the switches constituting the circuit section 20. It becomes possible. Specifically, when both the first switch A and the second switch B are connected to the a port, the first coils U1, V1, W1 and the second coils U2, V2, W2 are connected in series (20U in FIG. 27). , 20V, 20W solid lines). On the other hand, when both the first switch A and the second switch B are connected to the b port, the first coils U1, V1, W1 and the second coils U2, V2, W2 are connected in parallel (20U, 20V in FIG. 27). , 20 W dashed line). That is, the switching timings of the first switch A and the second switch B are configured to match.
- a system in which the first coils U1, V1, W1 and the second coils U2, V2, W2 are connected in series provides excellent torque characteristics.
- a system in which the first coils U1, V1, W1 and the second coils U2, V2, W2 are connected in parallel referred to as a second system
- the series connection increases the torque constant of the motor and increases torque per current (improves torque characteristics).
- the torque constant of the motor becomes small and it becomes possible to rotate at high speed (the rotation characteristics are improved).
- the purpose of the terminal switching is to change the torque constant. As a result, the rotation characteristics and torque characteristics change, and it is possible to provide an optimum motor for each situation.
- FIG. 28 shows the relationship characteristics between the torque and the number of rotations (TN characteristics) and the relationship characteristics between the torque and current (TI characteristics) of the first system and the second system, respectively. Comparing the second system and the first system, it can be seen that the second system has a high normal speed range, so that the rising gradient of the power consumption accompanying the improvement of the torque is steep. On the other hand, it can be seen that although the first system can generate high torque in the low rotation range, the maximum rotation speed is only about half that of the second system.
- FIG. 29 shows the motor characteristics (TN characteristics and TI characteristics) obtained when switching between the first system and the second system in the rotation range where the maximum torque is 1/2.
- the motor 10 according to the present embodiment which performs system switching, can generate high torque while suppressing power consumption (current) in the low rotation range. Also, in areas where there is no problem with low-torque operation, it is possible to achieve a high rotational speed that cannot be obtained with the first system.
- the motor 10 In order to realize such a configuration, switching of the switches (the first switch A and the second switch B) constituting the circuit section 20 must be performed simultaneously in the three phases of the U phase, the V phase, and the W phase. .
- the motor 10 is provided with a control section 22 that outputs a switching signal to the circuit section 20 .
- the control unit 22 increases the number of coils connected in series in each phase on the lower rotation speed side with reference to a predetermined rotation speed, and increases the number of coils connected in parallel on the higher rotation speed side. It is preferable to adopt a configuration in which switching is performed so as to increase. This is because power consumption and generated torque can be balanced, and the width of the usable rotation range can be widened.
- the first zone should be applied when output torque is required (roughly 1/2 or more of the maximum torque), such as when starting or climbing a hill (first system: at low speed).
- the second zone should be applied when the number of revolutions is relatively low, output torque is unnecessary (roughly less than 1/2 of the maximum torque), and power consumption should be suppressed (for example, during normal driving) (first system : at high speed).
- the third zone should be applied when a high rotation speed is required and output torque is not required (generally less than 1/2 of the maximum torque), such as during high-speed running (second system: high rotation).
- a coreless motor has no iron core. Therefore, the inductance becomes small. However, if the inductance is large, the change in current is difficult to occur. Therefore, if the current is forced to change, a high voltage is generated. When a large current is flowing, if the current is suddenly cut off (for example, if you switch from parallel to series, the current will be cut off at that moment), high voltage will be generated. If this happens, the circuit may be overvoltaged and the circuit elements may be damaged. This is because circuit elements are vulnerable to overvoltage.
- Cored motors in which coils are wound around the teeth of the iron core, have a large inductance, so as countermeasures, additional equipment should be added to prevent the generation of large voltage when switching the circuit, and work should be done to temporarily turn off and replace the current in the work procedure. I have no choice but to devise it. Therefore, when using the winding switching of a cored motor with coils wound around the core teeth, it is inevitable to use multiple preventive elements to avoid accidents due to overvoltage caused by sudden current changes at the time of winding switching. Therefore, the circuit configuration becomes complicated.
- the overvoltage is only a fraction of that of the cored motor (iron core motor) (for example, 1/20 or less). This eliminates the need for extra incidental equipment and work for avoiding accidents, and instantaneous switching between series and parallel can be performed.
- the cored motor iron core motor
- the effect of this embodiment shows the effect peculiar to the coreless motor
- the present invention is not limited to the coreless motor because the cored motor also has the same effect from the viewpoint of the power saving effect.
- the slotless type has a smaller inductance than a normal cored motor in that it has no iron core teeth, so it is a suitable example corresponding to the coreless motor.
- a motor 10 according to the present embodiment differs in the configuration of a stator coil body 18 from that of the motor 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the stator coil body 18 has 3 phases and 12 poles using 4 coils (12 in total) for each phase.
- the coils (the first coil U1, the second coil U2, the third coil U3, the fourth coil U4, the first coil V1, the second coil V2, the third Circuit portions 20 (20U1, 20U2, 20U3, 20V1, 20V2, 20V3, 20W1) are provided between the coil V3, the fourth coil V4, the first coil W1, the second coil W2, the third coil W3, and the fourth coil W4).
- 20W2, 20W3 are provided.
- the circuit sections 20U1, 20U3, 20V1, 20V3, 20W1 and 20W3 are the same as the circuit sections 20U, 20V and 20W according to the first embodiment.
- the number of input ports and the number of output ports of the second switch B are opposite to those of the first switch A.
- the first switch A and the second switch B of the circuit units 20U2, 20V2, and 20W2 are set to the b port from the 1-para state, for example, in the U phase, the first coil U1 and the second coil U2 are connected in series.
- a third coil U3 and a fourth coil U4 are connected in series, and a set of the first coil U1 and the second coil U2 and a set of the third coil U3 and the fourth coil U4 are connected in parallel.
- Each coil is similarly connected in the V-phase and W-phase (this state is called 2-para: see FIG. 31. 20U2, 20V2 and 20W2 select the dashed lines, and the other selection circuits select the solid lines).
- the self-inductance can be kept small, and the responsiveness from switching by connection switching by the circuit unit 20 to characteristic switching can be improved. Furthermore, by increasing the number of coils and circuit units, the degree of freedom in switching characteristics can be improved.
- the present invention is not limited to a configuration in which a circuit unit is provided for each single coil, and the number of coils arranged between circuit units is not limited to one.
- the number of coils arranged between the circuit sections is not limited to one.
- the width of the characteristic change can be widened by the combination of the coils connected in series and the coils connected in parallel.
- circuit portions 20U1-20U5) in the U phase are between coils U3 and U4, between coils U4 and U5, between coils U6 and U7, between coils U8 and U9, and between coils U9 and U9. and the coil U10. Note that the arrangement of the circuit portions (20V1-20W5) is the same for the V phase and the W phase.
- the circuit units (20U1-20W5) are provided with ports a1, b1, a2, b2, c1 and c2, respectively.
- ports a1 and b1 are switchable with port c1
- ports a2 and b2 are switchable with port c2. are configured to switch at the same time.
- circuit units 20U1, 20V1, and 20W1 are referred to as the circuit unit 20X1
- circuit units 20U2, 20V2, and 20W2 as the circuit units 20U2, 20V2, and 20W2.
- Circuit units 20X2, 20U3, 20V3, and 20W3 are referred to as circuit unit 20X3, circuit units 20U4, 20V4, and 20W4 are referred to as circuit unit 20X4, and circuit units 20U5, 20V5, and 20W5 are referred to as circuit unit 20X5.
- switching is set so that a port and c port are connected in all circuit units 20X1 to 20X5.
- the circuit section 20X3 is switched so that the b21 port and the c port are connected.
- switching setting is performed so that the b port and the c port of the circuit section 20X2 and the circuit section 20X4 are connected.
- switching setting is made so that the b port and the c port of the circuit section 20X1, the circuit section 20X3, and the circuit section 20X5 are connected.
- the form shown in Fig. 34 is obtained.
- the boundary between the coil U1 and the coil U12 is used as the power input/output terminal, and the coils U1 to U12 are arranged in a cylindrical (annular) shape clockwise.
- the coil is divided (halved) in the circuit unit 20U3, and the coils U1 to U6 and the coils U7 to U12 are connected in series.
- the coils are divided (divided into three equal parts) by the circuit units 20U2 and 20U4, and the coils U1-U4, the coils U5-U8, and the coils U9-U12 are connected in series. Furthermore, when the above four paras are executed, the coils are divided (divided into four equal parts) by the circuit units 20U1, 20U3, and 20U5, and the coils U1-U3, U4-U6, U7-U9, and U10-U12 are connected in series. It will happen.
- FIG. 34 shows the U-phase coil arrangement, the same applies to the V-phase and W-phase.
- FIG. 35 shows an example of a 6-stage switching circuit using the present invention.
- three phases of U, V, and W are used, and 12 coils are used for each phase.
- 12 parallels (2 or more are parallel).
- the combination of relays as shown in the figure is used for the sake of simplification of explanation. You can put it together. This is because it is possible to reduce the size and weight of the motor 10 itself and to simplify the internal wiring by integrating the circuit device using semiconductor elements.
- a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, and c2 are ports (contacts), Lu1 to Lu12, Lv1 to Lv12, Lw1 to Lw12 are coils, Ku1 to Ku11, Kv1 to Kv11, Kw1 to Kw11 are circuit parts (relays ).
- the ports c1 and c2 in the circuit section are switched at the same time, and when the port c1 is connected to the port a1, the port c2 is connected to the port a2 at the same time.
- the coils arranged on both sides of the circuit section are connected in series.
- the port a2 is an unused terminal (unconnected).
- port c1 is connected to port b1, port c2 is simultaneously connected to port b2.
- the coils arranged on both sides of the circuit section are connected in parallel.
- FIG. 19 constitutes an automatic coil switching device 80 as a whole.
- a gear switching operation means 30 is included in the automatic coil switching device 80 .
- FIG. 36 exemplifies a method of using the motor voltage as the switching timing of the automatic coil switching device 80. Basically, switching is performed so that the TN/TI characteristics are in the region shown in this figure. be. In this example, each of the 3 phases has 4 coils, and for simplification, it is developed with 4 parallels (4P), 2 parallels (2P+2P), and 1 parallel (4S) in FIG. Serial mixed use is also acceptable.
- the motor voltage is shown as a percentage when the maximum applied voltage is 100%. Examples of switching conditions are shown in Table 16. If the connection is switched according to the conditions in Table 16, each region in FIG. 36 is entered.
- the gear change operation means 30 of FIG. 19 may be provided with such a function, or the gear change operation means 30 may be a means for manually changing gears and monitoring the motor voltage and current to obtain the values shown in Table 16.
- the controller 31 may have a function of automatic switching according to conditions.
- the motor voltage and the motor current are measured by measuring devices (not shown) connected to the motor, respectively, and the data is stored in the semiconductor element in the automatic coil switching device 80 so that switching is performed automatically. back.
- the power supply of a mobile object cannot flow an unlimited amount of current.
- the power source battery
- the power source has internal resistance, and if a large amount of current flows through the motor driver, the loss will increase. Therefore, it is important to consider the maximum current of the driver (more preferably the absolute maximum rating).
- three types of motors with different maximum rotation speeds in the present invention, three motors sharing a coil in one rotating electric machine (maximum rotation A 6000 rpm A motor, 3000 rpm B motor, and 1500 rpm C motor) can be drawn as shown in FIG.
- Each motor can be used with a torque smaller than the intersection point of the maximum current and the TI characteristics of each motor.
- a 6000rpm motor has a torque of A or less
- a 3000rpm motor has a torque of B or less
- a 1500rpm motor has a torque of C or less. Applicable.
- the 6000 rpm motor should be used at 3000-6000 rpm with a torque of A or less
- the 3000 rpm motor should be used at 1500-3000 rpm with a torque of B or less
- the 1500 rpm motor should be used with a torque of C or less. It will be adopted at 1500 rpm or less.
- the torque is A or less and the rotation speed is 1500 rpm or less
- all motors can be used, but since the efficiency of the motor for low speed rotation is higher, the present invention switches to (adopts) the motor of 1500 rpm.
- stator coil body 18 has been shown and explained as being composed of three phases of U, V, and W.
- the motor 10 according to the present invention is characterized in that it is possible to switch circuits in multiple stages between series and parallel. Therefore, the stator coil body 18 is not limited to three phases as long as it is composed of a plurality of phases.
- FIGS. 38 to 40 show examples in which the stator coil body 18 is composed of two phases.
- the coils forming the stator coil assembly 18 are connected in series, and when tilted toward the broken line side, the coils are connected in parallel.
- 39 and 40 are explanatory diagrams schematically showing the configuration of the stator coil body 18.
- FIG. In both figures, two types of coils, a solid line and a broken line, are drawn to indicate two phases.
- mountain-shaped portions near the permanent magnet 16a indicated by S and N on the upper side of the drawing represent coils forming poles.
- 39 shows a state in which each coil is connected in series
- FIG. 40 shows a state in which each coil is connected in parallel.
- FIG. 41 shows an example in which the stator coil body 18 is composed of five phases.
- the coils are connected in series when the circuit section 20 is tilted toward the solid line side, and the coils are connected in parallel when the circuit portion 20 is tilted toward the broken line side.
- the number of coils and the number of circuit units are limited, but the number of coils and circuits may be increased or decreased to increase the number of combinations when connecting coils in series and in parallel.
- the combination of coil connection forms may be limited by selecting an appropriate rotational speed and torque according to the application. For example, if you want to increase the number of revolutions more than the torque of the initial operation of electric tools, etc., select and switch the combination of coils that can perform characteristic operation in the high rotation range, such as 4-parallel and 3-parallel. It should be possible.
- circuit section 20 is shown mechanically for easy understanding of the switching of the connection form of the coil. can be
- the present invention is a power-saving device that uses a rotating electric machine, and aims to extend the life of the battery. Therefore, instead of simply proposing coil connection switching, the power saving effect brought about by switching, that is, prolonging the life of the coil, is proposed. If a high-speed motor is used in the low-speed range, switching to a low-speed motor will save energy. If motor switching can be closed in one rotating electric machine (if motors with different specifications can be housed in an integrated configuration), the device as a rotating electric machine will not increase in capacity, and it can be applied to applied products such as electric vehicles. It can be treated as the shape of one rotating electrical machine.
- the gear change is performed by the coil switching device, which is voltage-controlled by the throttle control of the electric vehicle.
- switching the coil arrangement changes the induced voltage constant. Therefore, if a constant voltage is applied to the same motor, for example, the number of rotations of 2 parallels (2 sets of 2 coils in parallel) will be 2A for the rotation speed A of 1 parallel (4 coils in series), and the rotation speed of 2 parallels (2 sets of 2 coils in parallel) will be 2 A. In addition, the number of rotations becomes 4A, and the number of rotations suddenly changes at once. Therefore, when changing from 1-para to 2-para, for example, when changing from 2-para to 4-para, it is recommended to reduce the shock during shifting by halving the control voltage.
- the maximum speed can be arbitrarily set as shown in FIG.
- the speed may be controlled by setting the maximum speed between the 6000 rpm specification motor and the 3000 rpm specification motor.
- 6000 rpm in this figure is for example, if 5 coils are used, all 5 coils are parallel (5P), 3000 rpm is for 3P + 2P, 2000 rpm is for 2P + 2P + 1S (that is, in the case of series and parallel mixed use), and 1000 rpm is all This is the case of series (5S).
- N rotational speed
- 60 km/h eg 100 km/h
- this setting can be removed in an emergency.
- the setting switching speed is almost uniform (20km/h between 20km/h, 40km/h, and 60km/h).
- the total number of coils is four, four coils are parallel
- the coil connection pattern with the second lowest back electromotive force parallel coil is 2 or more or some are in series.
- the MAX setting will be between 2 coils and 2 parallels.
- torque limit is proportional to current, so do not think about it. good
- one coil is added in parallel only to the 1S part composed of 5 coils of 2P+2P+1S. is integrated with the added coil, so no switch is added for the additional coil). Instead of adding additional coils in this manner, the thickness of the coil in the 1S portion may be doubled that of the other coils, as shown in FIG. 43(c).
- FIG. 44 is an application example of FIG. 43, in which a coil element is added in parallel for one of the five coil elements, and six coil elements are used, two of which are substantially function as one coil element. Since this additional coil element forms a twin part by adding one coil element to one coil element in parallel (apparently branching), this additional coil is called a complementary coil in this application. .
- one of the five coil elements in series has a complementary coil, and the back electromotive voltage does not change to 5 V, but the resistance value becomes 4.5 ⁇ , which is lower than when there is no complementary coil.
- the resistance value is lowered by attaching an auxiliary coil.
- Pattern (E) does not need to be used because the interval of N is narrowed in view of the TN characteristics (that is, in the coil switching function device (control mechanism including gear switching means), from among the possible connection patterns, It is possible to set the desired usage pattern in the selection range in advance, so that the switching width becomes substantially uniform).
- the cross-sectional area of the coil may be doubled as shown in FIG. 43(C), and the same effect can be obtained.
- FIG. 45 illustrates an example of operation switching using the embodiment of FIG. 44 (that is, an example of connecting 5 coil elements with auxiliary coils).
- the connection pattern of the coil elements is switched, the face of the motor changes, and the motor of each pattern constitutes one motor device. Therefore, there is a maximum number of rotations of the motor for each pattern.
- the TN characteristic line of the motor of each pattern is drawn in one sheet of T (torque)-N (rotational speed) characteristic diagram.
- the coil element connection pattern of FIG. 44 corresponds to the following.
- the gap between (C) and (B) becomes remarkably large. This results in a shock both to the operator and to the motor system.
- a limiter may be provided before reaching the maximum speed. Therefore, the inventor of the present invention proposes setting a limiter in front of this remarkably wide range of revolutions (for example, 3.5 on the scale, which corresponds to 70 km/h).
- the scale width between the maximum number of revolutions of pattern (C) and the number of revolutions at the limiter position becomes 1.0, and from 0 to (A), (A) to (D), (D) to (C), (C) ) ⁇ Since the limiter is almost 1.0, the gear change shock is reduced for both the driver and the device.
- the width between the maximum rotation speeds should be almost equal, and the coil element switching pattern is set so that the width is (1 ⁇ 0.5) times the maximum rotation speed when all the coil elements used are connected in series. A motor should be selected.
- the scale corresponding to the maximum number of rotations is 1.25, so the width between (A) and (E) is 0.25, and the width between (E) and (D) is 0.25.
- the interval is also 0.45, which is outside the range of 1 ⁇ 0.5) may be unused. Since such fine switching can be omitted, the switching control becomes simpler, and since the switching interval corresponding to the maximum rotation speed becomes almost equal, the sensory burden on the driver is reduced.
- the scale of the horizontal axis of the graph in FIG. 45 is up to 6, and they are connected by a characteristic line as shown in the figure.
- FIG. 42 also describes the MAX display, but the example of FIG. 42 also has in common the point of view that the widths of the maximum rotational speeds are made closer to each other.
- FIGS. 46 to 49 variations of coil connection switching used in the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 46 to 49.
- FIG. FIG. 46 uses six coils for each phase. The left side of the drawing shows an example in which switches are turned on between all six coils, and the right side shows an example in which switches are thinned out. If you choose a total connection method up to 6P with 6 coils for each phase, you will need 15 inter-coil switches. is enough for 9, and it decreases sharply.
- Switches at both ends (c between coils (1) and (2) and e between coils (5) and (6)) become unnecessary when all are connected in series, and the switches connected between the coils at both ends This is because a, b, d, and f can also be reduced.
- FIG. 47 shows a total of 4-stage switching of full straight (12S), 2P6S, 3P4S, and 4P3S by thinning out the inter-coil switches when performing 4-stage switching using 12 coils for each phase according to the example of FIG. This is an example of , and it is not used when all are parallel.
- the upper side of the drawing shows an example in which switches are turned on between all coils of 12 coils (comparative example), and the lower side shows an example in which switches are thinned out (this embodiment).
- the coreless motor of the embodiment of the present application has a rotating shaft 14 at the center of a motor case (housing 12) surrounding the outer circumference, and a part of the rotating shaft 14 protrudes outside from a case flange 12b to serve as an output shaft.
- the rotating shaft 14 is inserted through a cylindrical sleeve 83 formed in the case flange 12b inside the housing 12 and supported by the bearing 12a.
- the inner depth of the rotary shaft 14 protrudes from a cylindrical sleeve 83 , a hub 84 is attached to the protruding outer surface, and the rotor 16 is concentrically attached to the outer peripheral position of the cylindrical sleeve 83 via the hub 84 .
- the rotor 16 has a cylindrical shape, and its wall surface is double-structured to form an outer yoke 16c on the outer peripheral surface side and an inner yoke 16b on the inner peripheral surface side.
- the outer yoke 16c and the inner yoke 16b are folded back at the end face side of the hub 84, and the annular gap 82 is opened at the other end side (the end portion on the side of the case flange 12b).
- a permanent magnet 16a is arranged and fixed in the annular gap 82, particularly on the inner peripheral surface of the outer yoke 16c.
- a cylindrical stator coil body 18 is arranged in an annular gap 82 between the permanent magnet 16a and the inner yoke 16b.
- the cylindrical stator coil body 18 is formed into a cylindrical shape by weaving a plurality of insulated conductor wires. As described with reference to FIG. 4, this coil body is formed by connecting a plurality of single coils for each phase with intervening switch mechanisms.
- One end side (conductor wiring side) of the stator coil body 18 is covered with a donut disk-shaped stator disk 85 arranged in the radial direction, and is attached to the case flange 12b via bolts or the like.
- a coil wiring board and the like are formed on the status disk 85 .
- a wiring connector 86 is provided near the wiring board.
- a fixing ring 87 is provided at the outer peripheral position of the status disk 85 .
- the stator coil body 18 configured in this manner has its free end side inserted into the annular gap 82, and a reinforcing ring 81 is attached to the free end of the stator coil body 18 thus cantilever supported.
- the reinforcing ring 81 is in a fixed position together with the fixed stator coil body 18, and the outer yoke 16c, the inner yoke 16b, and the magnet 16a rotate integrally therearound.
- the reinforcing ring 81 has, for example, an L-shaped cross section, and consists of a portion that receives the thickness of the free end of the stator coil body 18 and a portion that protects the outer peripheral surface of the stator coil body 18 . Therefore, the reinforcement ring 81 is formed by cutting out the inner peripheral surface of a ring material having a rectangular cross section which is slightly thicker than the stator coil body 18 so that the L-shaped step is formed.
- the reinforcing ring 81 is made of a non-magnetic metal material or resin material.
- the rotor 16 is rotated by supplying a predetermined current to the stator coil body 18 under a donut-shaped cross-sectional magnetic field formed between the outer yoke 16c and the inner yoke 16b. It rotates and the rotary shaft 14 rotates through the hub 84 . Anti-torque is generated in the stator coil body 18 by the rotor 16 rotating simultaneously with the rotation of the rotating shaft 14 .
- One end of the stator coil body 18 is firmly fixed by the stator disk 85 or the like, but it is expected that the circular shape of the free end inserted into the annular gap 82 of the rotor 16 will be distorted due to counter-torque action. .
- the reinforcing ring 81 can be easily attached by making it L-shaped, and can be easily attached even if there are unevenness by using an adhesive resin. Further, by forming the reinforcing ring 81 from metal or resin, it is possible to easily and easily prevent distortion.
- a reinforcing sheet 18a is attached to the inside and/or outside of the cylindrical stator coil body 18 as shown. Since this reinforcing sheet 18a has the purpose of protecting the strength of the molding of the fibrous material, a film sheet of fiber reinforced resin such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is laminated and attached to the coil main body. is doing. It should be noted that this film layer is preferably thinner than the coil body. By doing so, the coil body will not be damaged even if it comes into contact with the yoke or magnet during rotation.
- CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- the system diagram of FIG. 50 shows the connection relationship between the controller 31, the driver 40, the coil connection pattern switching device 80, and the motor 10.
- the controller 31 determines the torque to be output from the motor 10 from throttle information and speed information.
- the throttle information is the throttle opening, for example, 0% when the throttle is closed and 100% when the throttle is full.
- the controller 31 automatically or manually selects the gear value. Calculate the motor current from the selected gear and torque values. Torque constant information for each gear is given to the motor current calculation.
- the driver 40 controls the motor so that the motor current value becomes the command value from the controller 31, and provides the controller 31 with the rotation speed N of the motor as speed information.
- gear selection if the rpm is low, it will be a low gear, and if it is high, it will be a higher gear.
- Torque is determined according to a torque map pre-stored in the controller 31 .
- This torque map is composed of, for example, torque values corresponding to a plurality of throttle states and a plurality of speeds, and the actual torque to be output is calculated by interpolation calculation from the actual throttle states and speeds and this torque map. be.
- the controller 31 calculates a torque value from the speed N, slot information, and this torque map. If the throttle value is other than the above six types (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%), the torque value is calculated by interpolation calculation.
- gear switching is performed by switching the coil connection pattern with the coil connection pattern switching device 80 as described above. In this way the gear changes according to the rpm.
- the controller 31 calculates for each gear the current value required to generate a predetermined torque to be output and instructs the driver 40 to do so.
- the current command to the driver 40 is executed at the same time as the gear switching instruction, so that the output torque fluctuation at the time of gear switching is very small and smooth switching is realized. That is, since a current command that does not change the torque before and after switching is performed at the same time as switching, smooth switching is achieved. For example, assuming a system with a torque constant of 0.4 Nm/A in 1st gear and a torque constant of 0.2 Nm/A in 2nd gear, if the torque to be output in 1st gear is 1 Nm, the controller 31 instructs the driver 40 to provide a current command of 2.5A.
- the controller 31 changes the current command given to the driver 40 from 2.5A to 5A at the same time as the switching command. As a result, the torque output from the motor 10 is maintained at 1 Nm before and after switching, and smooth switching is realized.
Abstract
Description
(1)電源と、ドライバと、前記電源から前記ドライバ間の第1の配線経路と、回転電気機械と、前記回転電気機械と前記ドライバ間の第2の配線経路とを備えた電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法において、前記回転電気機械として複数相の各相ごとに3つ以上のコイル(同仕様)を備えて前記第2の配線経路の途中には各相の前記コイル間の接続を少なくとも(a)全てを直列、(b)全てを並列、(c)並列の組み合わせを直列に繋げた直並列接続(Seriese-parallel connection)のパターンに選択切り替えるようにして前記電源の使用電流を変えることのできる回転電気機械に置き換え、スタート時のコイル接続を前記(a)にして最大トルク状態となり、最高速度状態ではコイル接続が前記(b)になって最小トルク状態となり、その中間速度段階では前記(c)の直並列接続とし、上り坂にてスピード低下に伴って自動的に前記(a)となり、下り坂では制動しつつ前記(c)にて段階的に回転数が変わるようなコイル接続を選択すること。 In order to achieve the above object, a power saving method for a power source of a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle according to the present invention is characterized by the following features.
(1) For an electric vehicle comprising a power supply, a driver, a first wiring path between the power supply and the driver, a rotating electrical machine, and a second wiring path between the rotating electrical machine and the driver In a power saving method for a power supply of a rotating electrical machine, three or more coils (same specifications) are provided for each phase of a plurality of phases as the rotating electrical machine, and coils of the respective phases are provided in the middle of the second wiring path. Using the power supply by selectively switching the connection of at least to a series-parallel connection pattern in which (a) all are in series, (b) all are in parallel, and (c) a combination of parallel is connected in series Replaced with a rotating electric machine capable of changing the current, the coil connection at the start is set to the above-mentioned (a) for the maximum torque state, and in the maximum speed state the coil connection is set to the above-mentioned (b) for the minimum torque state, and intermediate between them. In the speed stage, the above (c) series-parallel connection is used, and as the speed decreases on an uphill, the above (a) is automatically established. Select a coil connection such as
(10)電源と、ドライバと、前記電源から前記ドライバ間の第1の配線経路とを備えた装置に組み込まれて、前記ドライバに第2の配線経路によって接続される電動移動体用回転電気機械において、前記回転電気機械には複数相の各相ごとに3つ以上のコイルを備えてコイル間接続の切り替えを行うことにより実質的に複数の効率の異なるモータがコイルを共用する形で内蔵されており、そのコイル間接続の切り替えパターンが少なくとも(a)全てを直列、(b)全てを並列、(c)並列の組み合わせを直列に繋げた直並列接続から選ぶことにより、スタート時のコイル接続を前記(a)にして最大トルク状態となり、最高速度状態ではコイル接続が前記(b)になって最小トルク状態となり、その中間速度段階では前記(c)の直並列接続とし、上り坂にてスピード低下に伴って自動的に前記(a)となり、下り坂では制動しつつ前記(c)にて段階的に回転数が変わるようなコイル接続を選択するようにして、任意の回転数におけるモータ効率の高いモータを負荷に応じて自動的に選択する使用電流低減機能付きであること。 Further, the rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle according to the present invention is characterized by any one of the following.
(10) A rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle that is incorporated in a device that includes a power supply, a driver, and a first wiring path between the power supply and the driver, and that is connected to the driver by a second wiring path. In the above, the rotating electric machine is provided with three or more coils for each phase of a plurality of phases, and by switching the connection between the coils, a plurality of motors with different efficiencies are built in such that the coils are shared. , and the switching pattern of the connection between the coils is selected from at least (a) all in series, (b) all in parallel, and (c) series-parallel connection in which a combination of parallel is connected in series, so that the coil connection at the time of start is set to the above (a), the maximum torque state is obtained, in the maximum speed state, the coil connection is set to the above (b), and the minimum torque state is obtained, and in the intermediate speed stage, the series-parallel connection is set to the above (c). As the speed decreases, the motor is automatically connected to the above (a), and on a downhill, braking is applied and the rotation speed is changed stepwise to the above (c). Equipped with a working current reduction function that automatically selects a motor with high efficiency according to the load.
(18)一部のコイルを不使用にしたり、一部のコイルの太さを変えたり、一部コイルに並列に追加のコイルを付設することも本発明の範囲である。但し本願明細書において特に断らない限り、各コイルは実質的に同仕様とする。 Furthermore, the present invention is also effective in the following aspects.
(18) It is within the scope of the present invention to disuse some coils, change the thickness of some coils, and attach additional coils in parallel to some of the coils. However, unless otherwise specified in this specification, each coil has substantially the same specifications.
本発明者は、直列、並列、複数パターンの並列や直列・並列の混用パターンへの切替(選択)によって、切替のバリエーションを各段に増やしてスムーズな切替を実現すると共に、節電効果が有り、電源の消費電力を減らし、回転電気機械を駆動させたときの航続距離を長くすることができることを見出した。その効果発現の理由は次の2つが有ると本発明者は考えている。 [Explanation of principle]
By switching (selecting) between series, parallel, multiple patterns in parallel, and series/parallel mixed patterns, the inventors have increased the variation of switching to each stage to achieve smooth switching, and have power saving effects. It has been found that the power consumption of the power source can be reduced and the cruising range can be increased when the rotary electric machine is driven. The present inventor believes that there are the following two reasons for the manifestation of this effect.
バッテリー等の電源からシステムに供給される全消費電力は、モータ軸から出力として消費される電力以外にも、メカニカル損失などのモータ内で消費される電力、切替回路内で消費される電力、モータドライバから切替回路までの電線によって消費される電力、ドライバにて消費される電力、及び電源からドライバまでの電線によって消費される電力に概ね分けられる。 [Assumed reason 1]
The total power consumption supplied to the system from a battery or other power source includes the power consumed as output from the motor shaft, the power consumed within the motor such as mechanical loss, the power consumed within the switching circuit, and the power consumed by the motor. Power consumed by wires from the driver to the switching circuit, power consumed by the driver, and power consumed by wires from the power supply to the driver.
更にドライバ回路内のFETにおいて消費される電力も、モータ電流が減少することに伴う低減が期待できる。尚、ドライバ回路内のFETのスイッチングはリレー式切替回路のスイッチングに比べて遥かに多い。この為、ドライバの損失は大きなものとなる。 If an FET with a drain-source resistance in the ON state of 0.5 mΩ is used as a switching element in the switching circuit, the loss in the switching circuit when connected in series is about 23 W (= 3 phases x 6 x 0.5 mΩ x 50 A 2 ) can be estimated. Therefore, even if the loss of the switching circuit is subtracted, a loss reduction of about 200 W can be expected.
Furthermore, the power consumed by the FETs in the driver circuit can be expected to be reduced as the motor current is reduced. It should be noted that the switching of the FETs in the driver circuit is much more frequent than the switching of the relay type switching circuit. Therefore, the loss of the driver becomes large.
同じ回転数、或いは同じトルクなら、モータに流れる電流効率が少ない方のモータを自動的に選択することによって、その電流の差に相当する省エネルギー効果が発現されるとも考えられる。簡潔に言えば電流効率の異なる複数のモータを使用状況に応じて使用モータを切り替えて、いわば各モータの良いところ取りをするものである。 [Assumed reason 2]
If the number of revolutions or torque is the same, it is conceivable that by automatically selecting the motor with the lower efficiency of the current flowing through the motor, an energy saving effect corresponding to the difference in current can be realized. To put it simply, a plurality of motors with different current efficiencies are switched according to usage conditions, so to speak, to take advantage of each motor.
まず、図2から図4を参照して、本実施形態に係るモータ10の基本構成について説明する。本実施形態に係るモータ10は、ハウジング12と、回転軸14、ステータコイル体18、及びロータ16を基本として構成される、いわゆるコアレスモータである。ハウジング12は、外殻を構成する要素であり、内部空間に回転軸14やステータコイル体18、及びロータ16を収容している。回転軸14は、ハウジング12を貫通するように配置され、ハウジング12との交点に備えられた軸受12aにより、回転自在に支持されている。 [Configuration of motor and coil suitable for use in the present invention]
First, the basic configuration of the
図1に本発明の全体システムの概念を説明する。本発明は電源の省エネルギー(省電力)化を図るものであるから回転電気機械(モータ10)は移動体の電源(バッテリー50)に接続される。バッテリー50とモータ10との間にはモータドライバ(以下、単にドライバと称することがある)40が介在する。ドライバ40は電流を流してモータ10を駆動、制御する装置のことであり、ブラシレスモータの駆動(回転数、速度制御、電圧制御などを含む)には必須の装置である。最大電流がドライバ40ごとに定められており、モータ保護の観点からは安全の為に絶対最大定格が定められていて、それ以下の電流値でドライバを使用することになる。ドライバ40とバッテリー50の間はケーブル60が、そしてドライバ40とモータ10の間はケーブル70が介在し、これが銅損の要因になっている。尚、符号80はコイル自動切替装置であり、モータ10のコイルの接続切替のスイッチ機能群に加えて切替のタイミングを設定する装置になっている。尚、ドライバ40は、モータ(コイル)に流す電流を設定できるから、例えば直列・並列の混用によって弱くなるコイルが有っても当該弱いコイルを基準にドライバの電流設定をすれば良い。 [Concept of the whole system to which the present invention is applied]
FIG. 1 illustrates the concept of the overall system of the present invention. Since the present invention aims at energy saving (power saving) of the power source, the rotary electric machine (motor 10) is connected to the power source (battery 50) of the moving body. A motor driver (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a driver) 40 is interposed between the
本発明者は図1のシステムを組み込んだ電動移動体として、例えば電動二輪車、車椅子、電気自動車、AGV(自動搬送手段)を想定しているが、AGVやドローンのように人用乗物には限定されないし、ドローンや船舶のように陸上車両には限定されない。電動移動体の運転切替については、以下に図8~図11を用いながら例示する。モータ10はコアレスモータに限らず、有鉄心モータを使用し、回転刃を備えた電動芝刈り機等における回転速度と負荷の変化にも共通視することができる。ただし、別項で説明するように、鉄心歯を使わないコアレスモータやスロットレスモータは、インダクタンスを小さくできる点で好適である。尚、以下の例で用いる回路図については項を改めて後述する。 [Application to electric vehicles]
The present inventor assumes that electric vehicles incorporating the system of FIG. not limited to land vehicles such as drones and ships. Operation switching of the electric movable body will be exemplified below with reference to FIGS. 8 to 11. FIG. The
図12に5コイル(各相のコイルが5つの場合。以下同じ)のコイル接続のバリエーションを示す。尚、切替回路を省略して描いている。また、説明を分かり易くするため、1コイルを1Ωとしている。図に示すように5コイルが用意されていれば、使用コイル数の選択により1Ω、2Ω、3Ω、4Ω、5Ωが選択できるが、更にコイルの直並列組み合わせの切り替えで0.2Ω(全部のコイルが並列)、0.83Ω(3コイルの並列群と2コイルの並列群が直列に繋がっている場合)、1.25Ω(4コイルの並列群に一つのコイルが直列に繋がっている場合)、2Ω(2コイルの並列群が2つ直列に繋がり更に一つのコイルが直列に繋がっている場合)、2.33Ω(3コイルの並列群と2コイルの直列群が直列に繋がっている場合)、3.5Ω(2コイル並列に3コイルの直列コイルが直列に繋がっている場合)も選べる。コイル数を増やせば更に細かいパターンを選択する事も可能となる。尚、全部直列であれば5Ωになる。 [Connection example of multiple coils]
FIG. 12 shows a variation of coil connection for 5 coils (when there are 5 coils for each phase; the same applies hereinafter). Note that the switching circuit is omitted in the drawing. In order to make the explanation easier to understand, one coil is assumed to be 1Ω. If 5 coils are prepared as shown in the figure, 1Ω, 2Ω, 3Ω, 4Ω, and 5Ω can be selected by selecting the number of coils to be used. is parallel), 0.83 Ω (when a parallel group of 3 coils and a parallel group of 2 coils are connected in series), 1.25 Ω (when one coil is connected in series to a parallel group of 4 coils), 2 Ω (when two parallel groups of 2 coils are connected in series and one coil is connected in series), 2.33 Ω (when a parallel group of 3 coils and a series group of 2 coils are connected in series), 3.5Ω (when 3 coils are connected in series to 2 coils in parallel) can also be selected. If the number of coils is increased, even finer patterns can be selected. If all are in series, the output becomes 5Ω.
本発明により高回転速度及び高出力トルクの両立が図れる。
無負荷時の最大回転数Nは、モータのトルク定数をkt、電源電圧をVbとすると、
According to the present invention, both high rotation speed and high output torque can be achieved.
The maximum number of revolutions N under no load is given by the following, where kt is the torque constant of the motor and Vb is the power supply voltage:
本発明の実施態様に用いている回路について図19~図24により説明する。図19は回路構成の全景となる。ギア切替操作手段30はコントローラ31に接続され、ギア切替操作手段30からの指令信号がコントローラ31に入力されると、コントローラ31からシフトレジスタ32に対しては、指令信号Sin(シリアルイン)としての入力となる。 [Circuit configuration]
Circuits used in embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 19 to 24. FIG. FIG. 19 shows a full view of the circuit configuration. The gear switching operation means 30 is connected to a
以下に本発明によるコイル切替装置を組み込んだ全体システムとしての省電力効果をデータとして示す。以下において測定環境は次の通りである。
使用モータはコアレスモータ(株)製のCPH110(コアレスモータ社製コアレスモータのコイルにリッツ線を適用。定格仕様は表3の通り)、ドライバはユニパルス株式会社製RoboteQ HIOKI PW3336、トルク、回転計はユニパルス株式会社製のTM-301、UTM2-20Nmにて測定、PS(主電源)はTHAOXIN製のKNX6060D、駆動電圧は48V(使用電圧CPHC110:DC48V、BXR-06-10-005:DC24V)、モータの回転方向は軸を手前に見て時計回り。回路情報は図25の通りである。
The power saving effect of the entire system incorporating the coil switching device according to the present invention is shown below as data. The measurement environment is as follows.
The motor used is CPH110 manufactured by Coreless Motor Co., Ltd. (a litz wire is applied to the coil of the coreless motor manufactured by Coreless Motor Co., the rated specifications are shown in Table 3), the driver is RoboteQ HIOKI PW3336 manufactured by Unipulse Co., Ltd. Measured with TM-301, UTM2-20Nm manufactured by Unipulse Corporation, PS (main power supply) is KNX6060D manufactured by THAOXIN, drive voltage is 48V (working voltage CPHC110: DC48V, BXR-06-10-005: DC24V), motor The direction of rotation is clockwise when the shaft is viewed from the front. Circuit information is as shown in FIG.
図2のようなモータ10では、図27に示すように、ステータコイル体18を構成する各相を2つのコイル(第1コイルU1、第2コイルU2、第1コイルV1、第2コイルV2、第1コイルW1、第2コイルW2)により構成している。本実施形態に係るステータコイル体18は、3相のコイルで構成されている。尚、これは例示であり、コイルの形態が極数を決めるものではない。例えば12極の場合、U1、U2、V1、V2、W1、W2の各相の夫々が全て6コイル直列のコイル体であったり、8極の場合、U1、U2、V1、V2、W1、W2の各相の夫々が全て4コイル直列のコイル体であったりしても良い。このようにステータコイル体18の形態から極数を決定することはできず、極数が偶数であれば何極でも構わない。各相を構成するコイル(第1コイル U1と第2コイルU2、第1コイルV1と第2コイルV2、第1コイルW1と第2コイルW2)の間には、切り替えスイッチを構成する回路部20(20U、20V、20W)が備えられている。 [Configuration Example 1 of Stator Coil]
In the
次に、図31を参照して、第2実施形態に係るモータ10の構成について説明する。本実施形態に係るモータ10は、ステータコイル体18の構成を、第1実施形態に係るモータ10と異ならせている。 [Configuration Example 2 of Stator Coil]
Next, the configuration of the
本発明は単一のコイル単位に回路部を備える構成に限定されず、回路部間に配置するコイルの数は、1つに限るものでは無い。例えば、回路部間に配置するコイルの数に変化を持たせると共に回路部の配置を工夫することで、コイルを並列接続する際に、直列接続されるコイルの数を等分化することが可能となり、直列接続するコイルと並列接続するコイルの組み合わせによる特性変化の幅を広げることができる。 [Another configuration example of the stator coil]
The present invention is not limited to a configuration in which a circuit unit is provided for each single coil, and the number of coils arranged between circuit units is not limited to one. For example, by varying the number of coils arranged between the circuit sections and devising the layout of the circuit sections, it is possible to divide the number of coils connected in series when connecting the coils in parallel. , the width of the characteristic change can be widened by the combination of the coils connected in series and the coils connected in parallel.
モータを回転させるべく複数相必要だが、夫々の相の切り替え方は同じになる。なお、切替操作はオートではあるがマニュアルを併用しても良く、直列以外に複数段階の切り替えが可能であることが本実施例の本質になる。切替の操作は、例えば図19のギア切替操作手段30により段数を選定し、その選定指示をコントローラ31に送り、コントローラ31にて操作信号Sinをシフトレジスタ32に送ることになる。尚、図19は全体としてコイル自動切替装置80を構成している。コイル自動切替装置80の中にギア切替操作手段30が入っている。切替のタイミングの例を図36にて説明する。 [Timing of automatic switching]
A plurality of phases are required to rotate the motor, but the method of switching each phase is the same. Although the switching operation is automatic, manual operation may be used in combination, and the essence of this embodiment is that it is possible to switch in a plurality of stages other than series. For the switching operation, for example, the gear switching operation means 30 shown in FIG. Incidentally, FIG. 19 constitutes an automatic
以上の実施形態では、ステータコイル体18をU、V、Wの3相で構成するように示し、その旨説明してきた。しかしながら、本発明に係るモータ10は、直列と並列による複数段の回路切替を可能とする点を特徴とする。よって、ステータコイル体18は、複数の相により構成されていれば、3相に限定されるものではない。 [Other than 3-phase: 2-phase example and 5-phase example]
In the above embodiment, the
上記実施形態では、コイルの数や回路部の数を限定的なものとしているが、コイルや回路の数を増減させ、コイルを直列接続と並列接続させる際の組み合わせを増やすようにしても良い。また、コイルの接続形態の組み合わせを増やすだけでなく、用途に応じた適正回転数やトルクを選定し、コイルの接続形態の組み合わせを限定的に定めるようにしても良い。例えば、電動工具などの初期動作のトルクよりも回転数を稼ぎたい用途への適用する場合には、4パラと3パラなど、高回転域の特性運転を行う事ができるコイルの組み合わせを選択切り替えできるようにすれば良い。 [Various switching variations, application examples, modification examples]
In the above embodiment, the number of coils and the number of circuit units are limited, but the number of coils and circuits may be increased or decreased to increase the number of combinations when connecting coils in series and in parallel. In addition to increasing the number of combinations of coil connection forms, the combination of coil connection forms may be limited by selecting an appropriate rotational speed and torque according to the application. For example, if you want to increase the number of revolutions more than the torque of the initial operation of electric tools, etc., select and switch the combination of coils that can perform characteristic operation in the high rotation range, such as 4-parallel and 3-parallel. It should be possible.
そうなるとパターン(A)のモータの最大回転数1と回転数0の幅は1になり、(A)と(D)の最大回転数の幅は1.7-1=0.7となり、(D)と(C)の最大回転数の幅は0.8となり、(C)と(B)の幅は2.5になる。つまり(C)と(B)の間隔が格段に大きくなる。これは運転操作する者にとってもモータ装置においてもショックをもたらす。そもそも最高速度を平常時に期待しないのであれば最高速度を出す前にリミッタを設けて良い。そこで本発明者は、この格段に大きな幅となる回転数の手前(例えば目盛り3.5。これは70km/hに相当することになる)にリミッタを設定することを提案する。そうなるとパターン(C)の最大回転数とリミッタ位置の回転数との目盛り幅は1.0になり、0から(A)、(A)~(D)、(D)~(C)、(C)~リミッタがほぼ1.0になるから運転者にも装置にもギア切り替えショックが少なくなる。この最大回転数同士の幅はほぼ等しければ良く、使用コイル要素数を全部直列に繋いだ時の最大回転数の(1±0.5)倍の幅の範囲にするようにコイル要素切替パターンのモータを選定すれば良い。 In FIG. 44A, all five coil elements are connected in series, so 5V/5V=1, which corresponds to 1 on the scale of the number of revolutions on the vertical axis of the graph. This is the maximum number of rotations of the motor for pattern (A). Since pattern (A) required all five coil elements in series, this is the motor with the lowest maximum number of revolutions among the motors inherent in the motor device. In the following description,
Then, the width between the maximum number of
図46は各相につきコイルを6つ使用している。図の左側は6コイルの各コイル間全てにスイッチを入れたものを示し、右側はスイッチを間引きした例を示している。各相ごとに6コイルで6Pまでの全接続方法を選ぶとコイル間スイッチが15個必要になるが、本例のように6Pを使用せずに6S、2P3S、3P2Sの3段切替にするとスイッチが9つで足り、激減する。全直列にした場合の両端のスイッチ(コイル(1)~(2)間のcとコイル(5)~(6)間のe)が不要になり、これに伴って両端のコイル間に繋がるスイッチa,b,d,fも減らせるからである。 Note that FIG. 42 also describes the MAX display, but the example of FIG. 42 also has in common the point of view that the widths of the maximum rotational speeds are made closer to each other. Further, variations of coil connection switching used in the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 46 to 49. FIG.
FIG. 46 uses six coils for each phase. The left side of the drawing shows an example in which switches are turned on between all six coils, and the right side shows an example in which switches are thinned out. If you choose a total connection method up to 6P with 6 coils for each phase, you will need 15 inter-coil switches. is enough for 9, and it decreases sharply. Switches at both ends (c between coils (1) and (2) and e between coils (5) and (6)) become unnecessary when all are connected in series, and the switches connected between the coils at both ends This is because a, b, d, and f can also be reduced.
本願の実施例のコアレスモータは外周を取り囲むモータケース(ハウジング12)の中央部に回転軸14を備え、一部をケースフランジ12bから外部に突出させて出力軸としている。回転軸14 はハウジング12の内部でケースフランジ12bに形成した円筒スリーブ83に挿通され、軸受12aにより軸支されている。 Reinforcement of the coil body of the coreless motor using the cylindrical stator coil body will be described with reference to FIG.
The coreless motor of the embodiment of the present application has a
Claims (20)
- 電源と、ドライバと、前記電源から前記ドライバ間の第1の配線経路と、回転電気機械と、前記回転電気機械と前記ドライバ間の第2の配線経路とを備えた電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法において、
前記回転電気機械として複数相の各相ごとに仕様が共通する3つ以上のコイルを備えて前記第2の配線経路の途中には各相の前記コイル間の接続を少なくとも(a)全てを直列、(b)全てを並列、(c)並列の組み合わせを直列に繋げた直並列接続(Seriese-parallel connection)のパターンに選択切り替えして前記電源の使用電流を変えることのできる回転電気機械に置き換え、
スタート時のコイル接続を前記(a)にして最大トルク状態となり、最高速度状態ではコイル接続が前記(b)になって最小トルク状態となり、その中間速度段階では前記(c)の直並列接続とし、上り坂にてスピード低下に伴って自動的に前記(a)となり、下り坂では制動しつつ前記(c)にて段階的に回転数が変わるようなコイル接続を選択することを特徴とする電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 A rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle, comprising a power supply, a driver, a first wiring path between the power supply and the driver, a rotary electric machine, and a second wiring path between the rotary electric machine and the driver. In the power saving method of
Three or more coils having common specifications are provided for each phase of a plurality of phases as the rotating electrical machine, and at least (a) all of the coils are connected in series in the middle of the second wiring path. , (b) all in parallel, and (c) a series-parallel connection pattern in which a combination of parallel connections are connected in series. ,
At the start, the coil connection is set to (a) for maximum torque, in the maximum speed state, the coil connection is set to (b) for minimum torque, and at the intermediate speed stage, the series-parallel connection is set to (c). , the coil connection is automatically selected as described in (a) as the speed decreases on an uphill slope, and the coil connection is selected such that the number of revolutions changes stepwise in the above (c) while braking is performed on a downhill slope. A power saving method for a power supply of a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle. - 前記電源はバッテリーであり、前記選択切り替えにより、トルク定数の小さい段階とトルク定数の大きい段階との切り替えを行うことにより、電動移動体に適用して航続距離を延ばし、
前記回転電気機械は非回転の円筒状のステータコイル体をモータハウジング内に内蔵し、前記ステータコイル体と離間して該ステータコイル体の対向面に位置する永久磁石を備えたロータを有する無鉄心(コアレス)モータであり、該円筒状のステータコイル体は各相ごとに3つ以上のコイルで形成されたものを複数相組み合わせてなり、前記各コイルは絶縁処理された導線を巻いた同一仕様のものであり、こうして出来た円筒状のステータコイル体は一端がモータ内で固定されて他端が自由端になり、その自由端に補強リングを嵌め込むと共に、前記円筒状のステータコイル体の周面に補強層を貼りつけたものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 The power source is a battery, and by switching between a stage with a small torque constant and a stage with a large torque constant by the selective switching, it is applied to an electric vehicle to extend the cruising distance,
The rotary electric machine includes a non-rotating cylindrical stator coil body inside a motor housing, and has a rotor with permanent magnets spaced apart from the stator coil body and positioned on the facing surface of the stator coil body. It is a (coreless) motor, and the cylindrical stator coil body is formed by combining three or more coils for each phase, and each coil has the same specification wound with an insulated conductor wire. One end of the cylindrical stator coil body thus produced is fixed in the motor and the other end is a free end. 2. A power saving method for a power source of a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a reinforcing layer is attached to the peripheral surface. - コイル間接続の切り替えパターンとして更に(d)前記(b)又は前記(c)の並列の組み合わせに更に一つのコイル又は2以上の直列接続コイルを直列に繋げたパターンが加わることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 (d) a pattern in which one coil or two or more series-connected coils are connected in series to the parallel combination of (b) or (c) as a switching pattern of the connection between the coils. Item 3. A power saving method for a power supply of a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle according to item 2.
- 前記(d)にて直列に繋がれた一つのコイルについて並列に一つのコイルを付設する請求項3に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 A power saving method for a power supply of a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle according to claim 3, wherein one coil is attached in parallel to one coil connected in series in (d).
- 前記(b)の全並列と前記(c)の間若しくは前記(c)を電動移動体速度のリミッタにすることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 5. The motor-driven movable body according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein between (b) all parallel and said (c) or said (c) is used as a limiter for the speed of the motor-driven movable body. A power saving method for a rotating electrical machine power supply.
- 各相のコイル数は6つとし、各コイル間に設けられるスイッチを間引きしてスイッチを介さないコイル直列部を形成することにより、前記(b)の全部並列のパターンを不使用にし、前記(a)の全部直列のパターンと、前記(c)として3直2並列(3S2P)及び2直3並列(2S3P)の計3パターンに切り替えるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 The number of coils in each phase is six, and the switches provided between the coils are thinned out to form a coil series part that does not pass through the switches, thereby disabling the all-parallel pattern in (b) above, and 3. The pattern according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pattern a) is all in series and the pattern (c) is switched to a total of three patterns of 3-series-2-parallel (3S2P) and 2-series-3-parallel (2S3P). power saving method for a power supply of a rotary electric machine for an electric mobile body.
- 各相のコイル数は12個とし、各コイル間に設けられるスイッチを間引きしてスイッチを介さないコイル直列部を形成することにより、前記(b)の全部並列のパターンを不使用にし、前記(a)の全部直列のパターンと、前記(c)として2P6S、3P4S、4P3Sの3つの計4パターンに切り替えるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 The number of coils in each phase is 12, and the switches provided between the coils are thinned out to form a coil series part without switches, thereby disabling the all-parallel pattern of (b) and 3. The rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the pattern a) is all in series, and the pattern (c) is switched to a total of four patterns of 2P6S, 3P4S, and 4P3S. power saving method.
- 電源と、ドライバと、前記電源から前記ドライバ間の第1の配線経路と、回転電気機械と、前記回転電気機械と前記ドライバ間の第2の配線経路とを備えた電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法において、前記回転電気機械には複数相の各相ごとに3つ以上のコイルを備えてコイル間接続の切り替えを行うことにより実質的に複数の効率の異なるモータがコイルを共用する形で内蔵されており、そのコイル間接続の切り替えパターンが少なくとも(a)全てを直列、(b)全てを並列、(c)並列の組み合わせを直列に繋げた直並列接続(Seriese-parallel connection)から選ぶことにより、
スタート時のコイル接続を前記(a)にして最大トルク状態となり、最高速度状態ではコイル接続が前記(b)になって最小トルク状態となり、その中間速度段階では前記(c)の直並列接続とし、上り坂にてスピード低下に伴って自動的に前記(a)となり、下り坂では制動しつつ前記(c)にて段階的に回転数が変わるようなコイル接続を選択するようにして、任意の回転数におけるモータ効率の高いモータを負荷に応じて自動的に選択し、電源の使用電流を減らすことを特徴とする電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 A rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle, comprising a power supply, a driver, a first wiring path between the power supply and the driver, a rotary electric machine, and a second wiring path between the rotary electric machine and the driver. In the power saving method of the power supply, the rotating electric machine is provided with three or more coils for each phase of a plurality of phases, and by switching the connection between the coils, a plurality of motors with different efficiencies substantially share the coils. The switching pattern of the connection between the coils is at least a combination of (a) all in series, (b) all in parallel, and (c) parallel connection in series. ) by choosing from
At the start, the coil connection is set to (a) for maximum torque, in the maximum speed state, the coil connection is set to (b) for minimum torque, and at the intermediate speed stage, the series-parallel connection is set to (c). , the coil connection is automatically selected as described in (a) as the speed decreases on an uphill slope, and the rotation speed changes stepwise in the above (c) while braking on a downhill slope. A power saving method for a power supply of a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle, characterized by automatically selecting a motor with high motor efficiency at a rotational speed of 100 rpm according to a load to reduce the current used by the power supply. - 前記電源はバッテリーであり、前記選択により、トルク定数の小さい段階とトルク定数の大きい段階との切り替えを行うことにより、電動移動体に適用して航続距離を延ばし、
前記回転電気機械は非回転の円筒状のステータコイル体をモータハウジング内に内蔵し、前記ステータコイル体と離間して該ステータコイル体の対向面に位置する永久磁石を備えたロータを有する無鉄心(コアレス)モータであり、該円筒状のステータコイル体は各相ごとに3つ以上のコイルで形成されたものを複数相組み合わせてなり、前記各コイルは絶縁処理された導線を巻いた同一仕様のものであり、こうして出来た円筒状コイル体は一端がモータ内で固定されて他端が自由端になり、その自由端に補強リングを嵌め込むと共に、前記円筒状のステータコイル体の周面に補強層を貼りつけたものであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 The power supply is a battery, and by switching between a stage with a small torque constant and a stage with a large torque constant by the selection, it is applied to an electric vehicle to extend the cruising distance,
The rotary electric machine includes a non-rotating cylindrical stator coil body inside a motor housing, and has a rotor with permanent magnets spaced apart from the stator coil body and positioned on the facing surface of the stator coil body. It is a (coreless) motor, and the cylindrical stator coil body is formed by combining three or more coils for each phase, and each coil has the same specification wound with an insulated conductor wire. One end of the cylindrical coil body thus produced is fixed in the motor and the other end is a free end. 9. A power saving method for a power source of a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle according to claim 8, wherein a reinforcing layer is adhered to the outer surface of the rotating electric machine. - コイル間接続の切り替えパターンとして更に(d)前記(b)又は前記(c)の並列の組み合わせに更に一つのコイル又は2以上の直列接続コイルを直列に繋げたパターンが加わることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 (d) a pattern in which one coil or two or more series-connected coils are connected in series to the parallel combination of (b) or (c) as a switching pattern of the connection between the coils. Item 10. A power saving method for a power supply of a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle according to Item 9.
- 前記(d)にて直列に繋がれた一つのコイルについて並列に一つのコイルを付設する請求項10に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 11. The power saving method for a power supply of a rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle according to claim 10, wherein one coil is attached in parallel to one coil connected in series in (d).
- 前記(b)の全並列と前記(c)の間若しくは前記(c)を電動移動体速度のリミッタにすることを特徴とする請求項8乃至11のいずれか1項に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 12. The motor-driven movable body according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein between the full parallel of the (b) and the (c) or the (c) is used as a limiter of the speed of the motor-driven movable body. A power saving method for a rotating electrical machine power supply.
- 各相のコイル数は6つとし、各コイル間に設けられるスイッチを間引きしてスイッチを介さないコイル直列部を形成することにより、前記(b)の全部並列のパターンを不使用にし、前記(a)の全部直列のパターンと、前記(c)として3直2並列(3S2P)及び2直3並列(2S3P)の計3パターンに切り替えるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 The number of coils in each phase is six, and the switches provided between the coils are thinned out to form a coil series part that does not pass through the switches, thereby disabling the all-parallel pattern in (b) above, and 10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the pattern a) is all in series and the pattern (c) is switched to a total of three patterns of 3-series 2-parallel (3S2P) and 2-series 3-parallel (2S3P). power saving method for a power supply of a rotary electric machine for an electric mobile body.
- 各相のコイル数は12個とし、各コイル間に設けられるスイッチを間引きしてスイッチを介さないコイル直列部を形成することにより、前記(b)の全部並列のパターンを不使用にし、前記(a)の全部直列のパターンと、前記(c)として2P6S、3P4S、4P3Sの3つの計4パターンに切り替えるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械の電源の節電方法。 The number of coils in each phase is 12, and the switches provided between the coils are thinned out to form a coil series part without switches, thereby disabling the all-parallel pattern of (b) and 10. The rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle according to claim 8, wherein the pattern a) is all in series and the pattern (c) is switched to a total of four patterns of 2P6S, 3P4S, and 4P3S. power saving method.
- 電源と、ドライバと、前記電源から前記ドライバ間の第1の配線経路とを備えた装置に組み込まれて、前記ドライバに第2の配線経路によって接続される電動移動体用回転電気機械において、前記回転電気機械には複数相の各相ごとに3つ以上のコイルを備えてコイル間接続の切り替えを行うことにより複数の効率の異なるモータがコイルを共用する形で内蔵されており、そのコイル間接続の切り替えパターンが少なくとも(a)全てを直列、(b)全てを並列、(c)並列の組み合わせを直列に繋げた直並列接続(Seriese-parallel connection)から選ぶことにより、
スタート時のコイル接続を前記(a)にして最大トルク状態となり、最高速度状態ではコイル接続が前記(b)になって最小トルク状態となり、その中間速度段階では前記(c)の直並列接続とし、上り坂にてスピード低下に伴って自動的に前記(a)となり、下り坂では制動しつつ前記(c)にて段階的に回転数が変わるようなコイル接続を選択するようにして、
任意の回転数におけるモータ効率の高いモータを負荷に応じて自動的に選択する使用電流低減機能付きであることを特徴とする電動移動体用回転電気機械。 A rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle that is incorporated in a device that includes a power supply, a driver, and a first wiring path between the power supply and the driver, and is connected to the driver by a second wiring path, A rotary electric machine is equipped with three or more coils for each phase of a plurality of phases, and by switching the connection between the coils, a plurality of motors with different efficiencies are built in such that the coils are shared. By selecting a connection switching pattern from at least (a) all in series, (b) all in parallel, and (c) a series-parallel connection in which a combination of parallel is connected in series,
At the start, the coil connection is set to (a) for maximum torque, in the maximum speed state, the coil connection is set to (b) for minimum torque, and at the intermediate speed stage, the series-parallel connection is set to (c). , the coil connection is selected so as to automatically change to the above (a) as the speed decreases on an uphill, and to change the rotation speed stepwise to the above (c) while braking on a downhill,
A rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle, characterized by having a function of reducing the current used for automatically selecting a motor with high motor efficiency at an arbitrary number of revolutions according to the load. - 前記電源はバッテリーであり、前記選択により、トルク定数の小さい段階とトルク定数の大きい段階との切り替えを行うことにより、電動移動体に適用して航続距離を延ばし、
前記回転電気機械は非回転の円筒状のステータコイル体をモータハウジング内に内蔵し、前記ステータコイル体と離間して該ステータコイル体の対向面に位置する永久磁石を備えたロータを有する無鉄心(コアレス)モータであり、該円筒状のステータコイル体は各相ごとに3つ以上のコイルで形成されたものを複数相組み合わせてなり、前記各コイルは絶縁処理された導線を巻いた同一仕様のものであり、こうして出来た円筒状コイル体は一端がモータ内で固定されて他端が自由端になり、その自由端に補強リングを嵌め込むと共に、前記円筒状のステータコイル体の周面に補強層を貼りつけたものであることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械。 The power supply is a battery, and by switching between a stage with a small torque constant and a stage with a large torque constant by the selection, it is applied to an electric vehicle to extend the cruising distance,
The rotary electric machine includes a non-rotating cylindrical stator coil body inside a motor housing, and has a rotor with permanent magnets spaced apart from the stator coil body and positioned on the facing surface of the stator coil body. It is a (coreless) motor, and the cylindrical stator coil body is formed by combining three or more coils for each phase, and each coil has the same specification wound with an insulated conductor wire. One end of the cylindrical coil body thus produced is fixed in the motor and the other end is a free end. 16. The rotary electric machine for an electric moving body according to claim 15, wherein a reinforcing layer is attached to the base. - コイル間接続の切り替えパターンとして更に(d)前記(b)又は前記(c)の並列の組み合わせに更に一つのコイル又は2以上の直列接続コイルを直列に繋げたパターンが加わることを特徴とする請求項16に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械。 (d) a pattern in which one coil or two or more series-connected coils are connected in series to the parallel combination of (b) or (c) as a switching pattern of the connection between the coils. Item 17. The rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle according to Item 16.
- 前記(d)にて直列に繋がれた一つのコイルについて並列に一つのコイルを付設する請求項17に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械。 The rotary electric machine for an electric vehicle according to claim 17, wherein one coil is attached in parallel for one coil connected in series in (d).
- 各相のコイル数は6つとし、各コイル間に設けられるスイッチを間引きしてスイッチを介さないコイル直列部を形成することにより、前記(b)の全部並列のパターンを不使用にし、前記(a)の全部直列のパターンと、前記(c)として3直2並列(3S2P)及び2直3並列(2S3P)の計3パターンに切り替えるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項15又は16に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械。 The number of coils in each phase is six, and the switches provided between the coils are thinned out to form a coil series part that does not pass through the switches, thereby disabling the all-parallel pattern in (b) above, and 17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the pattern a) is all in series and the pattern (c) is switched to a total of three patterns of 3-series-2-parallel (3S2P) and 2-series-3-parallel (2S3P). Rotating electric machines for motorized vehicles.
- 各相のコイル数は12個とし、各コイル間に設けられるスイッチを間引きしてスイッチを介さないコイル直列部を形成することにより、前記(b)の全部並列のパターンを不使用にし、前記(a)の全部直列のパターンと、前記(c)として2P6S、3P4S、4P3Sの3つの計4パターンに切り替えるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項15又は16に記載の電動移動体用回転電気機械。 The number of coils in each phase is 12, and the switches provided between the coils are thinned out to form a coil series part without switches, thereby disabling the all-parallel pattern of (b) and 17. The rotary electric machine for a motor-driven vehicle according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the pattern a) is all in series and the pattern (c) is switched to a total of four patterns of 2P6S, 3P4S, and 4P3S. .
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2022549492A JP7227674B1 (en) | 2021-04-28 | 2022-04-27 | Power Saving Method for Power Supply of Rotary Electric Machine for Electric Vehicle and Rotary Electric Machine for Electric Vehicle |
CN202280009399.2A CN116802992A (en) | 2021-04-28 | 2022-04-27 | Method for saving power of rotating electric machine for electric moving body and rotating electric machine for electric moving body |
JP2023014391A JP2023055856A (en) | 2021-04-28 | 2023-02-02 | Power saving method of power soure of rotary electric machine for electric moving body and rotary electric machine for electric moving body |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021-076409 | 2021-04-28 | ||
JP2021076409 | 2021-04-28 | ||
JP2021-150754 | 2021-09-16 | ||
JP2021150754 | 2021-09-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022230942A1 true WO2022230942A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
Family
ID=83848556
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2022/019106 WO2022230942A1 (en) | 2021-04-28 | 2022-04-27 | Method for saving power supplied to rotating electric machine for electric mobile unit, and rotating electric machine for electric mobile unit |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (2) | JP7227674B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022230942A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006521781A (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2006-09-21 | ウェイブクレスト ラボラトリーズ リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | Multiphase motor with different winding configurations for each speed range |
CN102624122A (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-01 | 廊坊市永泰电动车电机有限公司 | Three-phase permanent-magnetic brushless multi-gear hub motor |
JP2021505122A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2021-02-15 | ユー, リーチェンYU, Li−Chien | Permanent magnet motor device equipped with a winding coil whose number of turns can be changed and its control method |
-
2022
- 2022-04-27 JP JP2022549492A patent/JP7227674B1/en active Active
- 2022-04-27 WO PCT/JP2022/019106 patent/WO2022230942A1/en active Application Filing
-
2023
- 2023-02-02 JP JP2023014391A patent/JP2023055856A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006521781A (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2006-09-21 | ウェイブクレスト ラボラトリーズ リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | Multiphase motor with different winding configurations for each speed range |
CN102624122A (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-01 | 廊坊市永泰电动车电机有限公司 | Three-phase permanent-magnetic brushless multi-gear hub motor |
JP2021505122A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2021-02-15 | ユー, リーチェンYU, Li−Chien | Permanent magnet motor device equipped with a winding coil whose number of turns can be changed and its control method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP7227674B1 (en) | 2023-02-22 |
JP2023055856A (en) | 2023-04-18 |
JPWO2022230942A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6909216B2 (en) | Motor generator | |
CN106253618B (en) | Surface groove patterns for permanent magnet motor rotors | |
MX2013006465A (en) | Permanent magnet motor with field weakening. | |
JP2005073450A (en) | Motor generator | |
JP2001169490A (en) | Rotating machine for vehicle | |
JP7206721B2 (en) | motor generator controller | |
US11456643B2 (en) | Rotating electric machine, controller, vehicle system, and maintenance method of rotating electric machine | |
US20010028202A1 (en) | Stator winding for a variable speed brushless direct current (DC) Motor | |
CN114981116A (en) | Drive system for hybrid or electric vehicle | |
CN102594228B (en) | Multiphase permanent magnet brushless DC motor on electric airplane or electric ship | |
JP6312082B2 (en) | Driving method of pole number switching type induction machine and pole number switching type induction machine | |
JP6009834B2 (en) | Driving device and motor winding switching method | |
JP2004215483A (en) | Motor generator | |
JP2006149031A (en) | Vehicle drive system and vehicle equipped with it | |
JP7227674B1 (en) | Power Saving Method for Power Supply of Rotary Electric Machine for Electric Vehicle and Rotary Electric Machine for Electric Vehicle | |
JP7296142B2 (en) | motor | |
Akatsu et al. | Air-cooled multi-phase dual-winding in-wheel motor integrated with ultra small SiC module | |
JP2008160920A (en) | Wire connection pattern switching unit | |
CN113472113B (en) | Motor | |
WO2018181541A1 (en) | Drive device | |
JP2022027540A (en) | Rotating electric machine | |
AU2021386717B2 (en) | Rotary electric machine and electric vehicle rotary electric machine system using same | |
CN116802992A (en) | Method for saving power of rotating electric machine for electric moving body and rotating electric machine for electric moving body | |
US20230344326A1 (en) | A wide-speed multiple interior rotor excitation machine | |
JP2023091581A (en) | Rotary electric machine and electric motor car |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022549492 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22795855 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280009399.2 Country of ref document: CN |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 22795855 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |