JP2004215483A - Motor generator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a motor generator of space-saving and low-cost constitution which can charge power sources at different potential by a single unit. <P>SOLUTION: In a permanent magnet embedded type concentrated winding motor, a plurality of first teeth where a first group of winding is wound out of first and second groups of winding being mechanically and electrically independent are divided into, for example, three groups. The winding directions of the winding on the first teeth adjoining each other in the same group are reversed to each other. Then, second teeth where a second group of winding different in winding use from the first winding group is wound are provided one by one between each group and the next. Consequently, the generated voltage in the first group of winding and the generated voltage in the second group of winding can be varied in magnitude, so this motor generator can materialize space-saving and low-cost constitution that can charge power sources at two kinds of potential by single unit. Also, since the distortion of the waveform of counter electromotive voltage is reduced, this can reduce iron loss and elevate motor efficiency, and it becomes possible to charge power sources at two kinds of potential efficiently. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【００５２】
図４は、第１のティース２をそれぞれ５個備えたグループＩ，ＩＩ，ＩＩＩの間に、それぞれ２個の第２のティース３が設けられた構成の、第１および第２のティース２，３全てが等間隔のピッチに分割されたモータジェネレータの主要部概略断面図である。なお、この図４においては、第１および第２の巻線群は省略されているが、上述の構成のモータジェネレータと同様に、Ｕ相の電圧が印可されるグループとＶ相の電圧が印可されるグループとＷ相の電圧が印可されるグループとに分けられており、第１の巻線群と第２の巻線群は機械的にも電気的にも独立した構成となっている。ここで図示した構成は、上記表１におけるＮｏ．１５の組み合わせであるが、磁石の極数（ｐ）を大きくした結果、各グループ間の隙間が大きくなり、第２のティース３を設けるためのスペースを大きく取れることがわかる。
【００５３】
本実施の形態１において、ロータ極数は１０極であり、第１の巻線群４を卷回した第１のティース２同士の間に形成されるスロット総数は９個（すなわち第１のティースの総本数）であり、第２の巻線群５を卷回した第２のティース３同士の間に形成されるスロット総数は３個（すなわち第２のティースの総本数）である。
【００５４】
この構成をさらに検討した結果、ロータ極数を１０ｑ極、第１のティース２同士の間に形成されるスロット総数を９ｑ個、第２のティース３同士の間に形成されるスロット総数を３ｑ個として（ただし何れも、ｑ＝正の整数）、第１のティース２のロータ対向部角度をθ１［ｒａｄ］、第２のティース３のロータ対向部角度をθ２［ｒａｄ］とした場合に、
π／１０ｑ＜θ１＜π／５ｑ
π／４５ｑ＜θ２＜π／１０ｑ ・・・（２）
となる関係を満足するように設定すれば、磁束が飽和も少なくより流れやすくなり、トルクがより向上するほか、巻線に誘起される逆起電圧の波形歪も低減することができ、鉄損を低減し、かつ、永久磁石での渦電流による発熱も抑えて永久磁石の減磁を抑止することができ、モータジェネレータの効率を向上させることができる。
【００５５】
（実施の形態２）
図５〜図６は、本発明の実施の形態２のモータジェネレータを説明するための図であり、図５は回転中心軸に垂直な面で断面にしたステータコアとその内周面に対向するロータの概略断面図、図６はステータコアを構成するティース形状を説明するためのステータコアの部分拡大図である。
【００５６】
図５に示すように、前述の実施の形態１と同様に、ステータコア３１は、第１の巻線群３４を卷回した第１のティース３２と、第２の巻線群３５を卷回した第２のティース３３とを具備している。第１の巻線群３４を卷回した第１のティース３２は全部で９個あるが、Ｕ相の電圧が印可されるグループＩ、Ｖ相の電圧が印可されるグループＩＩ、Ｗ相の電圧が印可されるグループＩＩＩに分けられており、各グループＩ，ＩＩ，ＩＩＩの間には、第２の巻線群３５を卷回した第２のティース３３が設けられている。また、前述の実施の形態１と同様に、各グループＩ，ＩＩ，ＩＩＩの第１のティース３２に卷回される第１の巻線群３４の卷回方向は、その属するグループ内において、隣接する第１のティース３２とは互いに逆方向になるように第１の巻線群３４が卷回され、隣接する第１のティース３２の第１の巻線群の極性が互いに反転するようになっている。このとき、それぞれの第１のティース３２に対する第１の巻線群３４は直列に接続されているが、並列に接続することも可能である。同様に、他のグループのそれぞれの第１のティース３２に対しても同じ方法で第１の巻線群３４が卷回され、各グループは各々Ｕ相，Ｖ相およびＷ相の３相巻線を形成し、電気角で１２０度の位相差で配置されており、スター結線がなされている。そして、永久磁石埋込型ロータ３６が回転中心Ｏの周りに自由に回転可能な状態で第１および第２のティースと僅かなギャップを介して配置されている。なお、このとき、永久磁石７の向きはそれぞれ隣り合うものと異なる磁界方向を向くようにそれぞれ配置されている。
【００５７】
そして、前述の実施の形態１と同様に、ロータ極数を１０ｑ極、第１のティース３２同士の間に形成されるスロット総数を９ｑ個、第２のティース３３同士の間に形成されるスロット総数を３ｑ個として（ただし何れも、ｑ＝正の整数）、第１のティース３２のロータ対向部角度をθ１［ｒａｄ］、第２のティース３３のロータ対向部角度をθ２［ｒａｄ］とした場合に、前述の（２）式を満足するように設定されている。
【００５８】
図６は、図５の第１のティース３２の部分拡大図であり、図６について説明する。ステータコア３１を構成する第１のティース３２の先端部４１のそれぞれの周方向端部において、ロータ３６のステータ対向面４２に対向する第１のティース３２の先端部４１のロータ対向面が、それぞれの周方向端部の近傍でロータ３６のステータ対向面４２から離れるような切除部４３，４４を有する形状に形成されている。なお、切除部４３と切除部４４のそれぞれの大きさはほぼ同等になるように形成するのがよい。
【００５９】
本実施の形態２においては、第１のティース３２のすべて先端部が同様な形状を有するように形成されてステータコア３１を構成している。第１のティース３２のそれぞれの先端部をこのような形状にすることにより、それぞれの第１のティース３２における急激な磁界変化を緩和することができるため、逆起電圧の波形を一層正弦波に近づけることになり、トルクリップルおよびコギングトルクを低減させる。
【００６０】
以上のように本実施の形態２によれば、第１のティースの先端部のロータ対向面が、その先端部のそれぞれの周方向端部近傍においてロータ３６のステータ対向面から離れるような形状を有するように形成することによって、それぞれの第１のティース３２における急激な磁界変化を緩和することができるため、高トルクを発生させることができると同時に、発生電圧の波形をより正弦波に近づけ、トルクリップルおよびコギングトルクを低減させることができ、さらに、発生電圧の歪を抑えることができ、したがって、鉄損も抑えられ、非常に効率のよいモータジェネレータを実現することができる。
【００６１】
このような構成とすることにより、上記実施の形態１と同様に、高電圧バッテリによって第１の巻線群３４の方で力行をし（電圧を印可して）、モータジェネレータを駆動させ、第２の巻線群３５の方で回生をし（電圧を発生させ）、低電圧バッテリを充電することも可能である。
【００６２】
ここで、第２の巻線群３５は第１の巻線群３４と比較して、巻線を卷回した第２のティース３３の数が少なく設定されているが、第１の巻線群３４と比較して出力が小さいので、発電特性は十分確保できる。
【００６３】
また、第１の巻線群３４と第２の巻線群３５の双方を回生用としたときにも、回生時の発電電圧が第１の巻線群３４で高電圧の場合でも、第２の巻線群３５の方は低電圧にすることができ、例えば、定格回転時において発生する発電電圧を、第１の巻線群３４では高圧系の高電圧バッテリの電圧とし、第２の巻線群３５を低圧系の低電圧バッテリの電圧とするようにできる。従って、従来のように低電圧バッテリのためのモータジェネレータを別途備える必要や、モータジェネレータに加えＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを別途備える必要がない。
【００６４】
また、第２の巻線群３５を卷回した第２のティース３３のティース幅を適切な幅に設定することで、第２のティース３３内の磁束がある程度まで大きくなると、磁気飽和により磁束量が抑えられるので、高速回転時でも第２の巻線群３５に発生する発電電圧を低く抑えることができる。
【００６５】
さらに、より高速回転の時でも、第１の巻線群３４の方で弱め界磁制御をすることにより、第１の巻線群３４の電圧を高圧系の高電圧バッテリの許容電圧まで抑えるとともに、第２の巻線群３５の電圧を低電圧バッテリの許容電圧まで抑えることも可能である。
【００６６】
（実施の形態３）
図７（ａ），（ｂ），（ｃ）は、本発明の実施の形態３のモータを説明するための図であり、ステータコアの概略上面図である。
【００６７】
図７（ａ）に示すように、前述の実施の形態１と同様に、ステータコア５１は、第１の巻線群５４を卷回した第１のティース５２と、第２の巻線群５５を卷回した第２のティース５３とを具備している。第１の巻線群５４を卷回した第１のティース５２は全部で９個あるが、Ｕ相の電圧が印可されるグループＩ、Ｖ相の電圧が印可されるグループＩＩ、Ｗ相の電圧が印可されるグループＩＩＩに分けられており、各グループＩ，ＩＩ，ＩＩＩの間には、第２の巻線群５５を卷回した第２のティース５３が設けられている。また、前述の実施の形態１と同様に、各グループＩ，ＩＩ，ＩＩＩの第１のティース５２に卷回される第１の巻線群５４の卷回方向は、その属するグループ内において、隣接する第１のティース５２とは互いに逆方向になるように第１の巻線群５４が卷回され、隣接する第１のティース５２の第１の巻線群の極性が互いに反転するようになっている。このとき、それぞれの第１のティース５２に対する第１の巻線群５４は直列に接続されているが、並列に接続することも可能である。同様に、他のグループのそれぞれの第１のティース５２に対しても同じ方法で第１の巻線群５４が卷回され、各グループは各々Ｕ相，Ｖ相およびＷ相の３相巻線を形成し、電気角で１２０度の位相差で配置されており、スター結線がなされている。そして、永久磁石埋込型ロータ（図示せず）が回転中心Ｏの周りに自由に回転可能な状態で第１および第２のティースと僅かなギャップを介して配置されている。なお、このとき、永久磁石（図示せず）の向きは、前記実施の形態１および２と同様に、それぞれ隣り合うものと異なる磁界方向を向くようにそれぞれ配置されている。
【００６８】
そして、前述の実施の形態１と同様に、ロータ極数を１０ｑ極、第１のティース５２同士の間に形成されるスロット総数を９ｑ個、第２のティース５３同士の間に形成されるスロット総数を３ｑ個として（ただし何れも、ｑ＝正の整数）、第１のティース５２のロータ対向部角度をθ１［ｒａｄ］、第２のティース５３のロータ対向部角度をθ２［ｒａｄ］とした場合に、前述の（２）式を満足するように設定されている。
【００６９】
ここで、第１のティース５２の先端部の形状について詳細を説明する。各グループＩ，ＩＩ，ＩＩＩの中央部にある第１のティース５２の先端部のロータ（図示せず）に対向する面に、そのロータ対向面の周方向の長さが概略３等分されるような形でほぼ矩形形状の凹部５６が、略３等分された対向面の中央部分に形成されている。第１のティース５２に凹部５６を形成することによって、第１のティース５２に巻かれた第１の巻線群５４によって第１のティース５２がたとえばＳ極に励磁されたとき、凹部５６は見掛け上Ｎ極であるかのように振舞う。したがって、凹部５６によって第１のティース５２の先端部における磁極が、見掛け上Ｓ極，Ｎ極およびＳ極に細分化されたものとなる。他のグループのそれぞれ中央部にある第１のティース５２にも同様の凹部が形成されており、それぞれについても、それら第１のティースの先端部における磁極が見掛け上Ｓ極，Ｎ極，Ｓ極に細分化される。これによって、高トルクを発生させると同時に、トルクリップルを小さく抑えることができる。
【００７０】
なお、凹部の数は１個に限ることはなく、図７（ｂ）に示すように、第１のティース５７の先端部に２個の凹部５８ａ，５８ｂを形成してもよいし、さらに、３個以上であってもよい。また、凹部の形状は、矩形形状に限るものではなく、図７（ｃ）に示すように、たとえば円弧状の凹部５９であってもよく、当然複数個の円弧状凹部でもよい。また、凹部が形成される第１のティース５２は、それぞれのグループの中央部に位置するものだけに限ることはなく、１つのグループ内の他の第１のティース５２に同様の凹部を設けた構成としてもよいし、第１のティースのみならず、第２のティースの先端部にも同様に凹部を設けた構成としてもよい。
【００７１】
また、前述の実施の形態２における、第１のティース先端部の周方向端部に設けた切除部を、本実施の形態３のそれぞれの第１のティース５２の先端部に凹部と併せて形成することも可能である。
【００７２】
以上のように本実施の形態３によれば、３つのグループＩ，ＩＩ，ＩＩＩのそれぞれの中央部にある第１のティース５２の先端部に１個または複数の矩形状あるいは円弧状の凹部を形成することによって、前述の実施の形態１と同様に、マグネットトルク以外にリラクタンストルクも活用して、高トルクを発生させることができ、同時に、トルクリップルも抑えることができ、さらに、発生電圧の歪を抑えることができ、したがって、鉄損を抑え、永久磁石の減磁も抑止することができて、非常に効率のよいモータジェネレータを実現することができる。
【００７３】
このような構成とすることにより、上記実施の形態１ならびに実施の形態２と同様に、高電圧バッテリによって第１の巻線群５４の方で力行をし（電圧を印可して）、モータジェネレータを駆動させ、第２の巻線群５５の方で回生をし（電圧を発生させ）、低電圧バッテリを充電することも可能である。
【００７４】
ここで、第２の巻線群５５は第１の巻線群５４と比較して、巻線を卷回した第２のティース５３の数が少なく設定されているが、第１の巻線群５４と比較して出力が小さいので、発電特性は十分確保できる。
【００７５】
また、第１の巻線群５４と第２の巻線群５５の双方を回生用としたときにも、回生時の発電電圧が第１の巻線群５４で高電圧の場合でも、第２の巻線群５５の方は低電圧にすることができ、例えば、定格回転時において発生する発電電圧を、第１の巻線群５４では高圧系の高電圧バッテリの電圧とし、第２の巻線群５５を低圧系の低電圧バッテリの電圧とするようにできる。従って、従来のように低電圧バッテリのためのモータジェネレータを別途備える必要や、モータジェネレータに加えＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを別途備える必要がない。
【００７６】
また、第２の巻線群５５を卷回した第２のティース５３のティース幅を適切な幅に設定することで、第２のティース５３内の磁束がある程度まで大きくなると、磁気飽和により磁束量が抑えられるので、高速回転時でも第２の巻線群５５に発生する発電電圧を低く抑えることができる。
【００７７】
さらに、より高速回転の時でも、第１の巻線群５４の方で弱め界磁制御をすることにより、第１の巻線群５４の電圧を高圧系の高電圧バッテリの許容電圧まで抑えるとともに、第２の巻線群５５の電圧を低電圧バッテリの許容電圧まで抑えることも可能である。
【００７８】
（実施の形態４）
図８（ａ），（ｂ），（ｃ），（ｄ）はそれぞれロータコアに埋め込まれる永久磁石の形状およびロータコアの他の例を示す断面図である。
【００７９】
上記実施の形態１〜３において、ロータは、ロータコアとロータコアに周方向に等間隔に埋め込まれた複数のほぼＶ字状の永久磁石とで構成され、ロータのステータ対向面がステータのロータ対向面（つまり第１および第２のティースのそれぞれの先端部のロータ対向面）に僅かなギャップを有して、回転軸中心Ｏの周りに回転可能な状態で配置されている。
【００８０】
永久磁石の形状は、たとえば、図８（ａ）に示すような、半径方向に垂直な直線状の永久磁石６１、図８（ｂ）に示すような、ステータ側とは反対側の方向に突出した円弧状の永久磁石６２、あるいは、図８（ｃ）に示すような、ステータ側に突出して、かつ、ロータコア６３の半径以上の半径を有する円弧状の永久磁石６４であってもよい。またロータは、図８（ｄ）に示すように、ロータコア６３に埋め込まれる永久磁石６５と、永久磁石６５の位置よりもステータ（図示せず）側とは反対側に永久磁石６５にほぼ同じような形状で、かつ、永久磁石６５の厚さより小さな幅を有するスリット６６が設けられたロータコア６３からなるように構成されてもよい。
【００８１】
図８（ｄ）に示すように、永久磁石６５の近傍にスリット６６を配設することによって、スリット部６６によって磁束を通過させにくくし、ｄ軸インダクタンスを減少させて、ｑ軸インダクタンスとの差をより大きくし、より大きなリラクタンストルクを生じさせることになり、モータとしての発生トルクを増加させることができる。そして、このスリット付ロータコア６３の場合においても、永久磁石の形状は、図８（ａ）〜図８（ｃ）にそれぞれ示された直線状、ステータ側とは反対側の方向に突出した円弧状、あるいは、ステータ側に突出した円弧状であってもよい。
【００８２】
以上のように本実施の形態４によれば、ステータのそれぞれのティースおよびそれに卷回された第１の巻線群をＵ相，Ｖ相およびＷ相の３グループに分け、同じグループ内の隣接する巻線の極性が異なる構成とし、さらに、ロータのステータ対向面とステータ側側面との距離がステータ側側面の端部よりも中央部の方が大きくなるような形状の永久磁石が埋め込まれたロータの構成とすることによって、マグネットトルク以外にリラクタンストルクも活用することになり、高トルクを発生させることができ、同時に、発生電圧の歪を抑え、したがって、鉄損を抑え、永久磁石の減磁も抑止することができ、非常に効率のよいモータジェネレータを実現することができる。
【００８３】
このような構成とすることにより、上記実施の形態１〜実施の形態３と同様に、高電圧バッテリによって第１の巻線群（図示せず）の方で力行をし（電圧を印可して）、モータジェネレータを駆動させ、第２の巻線群（図示せず）の方で回生をし（電圧を発生させ）、低電圧バッテリを充電することも可能である。
【００８４】
このとき、上記第２の巻線群を卷回した第２のティース（図示せず）の数を、上記第１の巻線群を卷回した第１のティース（図示せず）の数と比較して少なく設定しても、上記第２の巻線群は上記第１の巻線群と比較して出力が小さいので、発電特性は十分確保できる。
【００８５】
また、上記第１の巻線群と上記第２の巻線群の双方を回生用としたときにも、回生時の発電電圧が上記第１の巻線群で高電圧の場合でも、上記第２の巻線群の方は低電圧にすることができ、例えば、定格回転時において発生する発電電圧を、上記第１の巻線群では高圧系の高電圧バッテリの電圧とし、上記第２の巻線群を低圧系の低電圧バッテリの電圧とするようにできる。従って、従来のように低電圧バッテリのためのモータジェネレータを別途備える必要や、モータジェネレータに加えＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを別途備える必要がない。
【００８６】
また、上記第２の巻線群を卷回した上記第２のティースのティース幅を適切な幅に設定することで、上記第２のティース内の磁束がある程度まで大きくなると、磁気飽和により磁束量が抑えられるので、高速回転時でも上記第２の巻線群に発生する発電電圧を低く抑えることができる。
【００８７】
さらに、より高速回転の時でも、上記第１の巻線群の方で弱め界磁制御をすることにより、上記第１の巻線群の電圧を高圧系の高電圧バッテリの許容電圧まで抑えるとともに、上記第２の巻線群の電圧を低電圧バッテリの許容電圧まで抑えることも可能である。
【００８８】
（実施の形態５）
また、上述の実施の形態１〜実施の形態３においては、ロータがステータの内側にある構造のいわゆるインナロータ型モータジェネレータについて説明しているが、ロータがステータの外側にあるいわゆるアウタロータ型モータジェネレータの構造としてもよいのは言うまでもない。以下、図９を用いて、永久磁石埋込型アウタロータ型モータジェネレータについて説明する。
【００８９】
図９において、ステータは、第１の巻線群１１４を卷回した第１のティース１１２を９個備えており、これら第１のティース１１２は３個ずつを１つのグループとしてステータ全体において合計３つのグループが形成されている。各グループには、前述の実施の形態１〜実施の形態３と同様に、１つのグループにＵ相の電圧が印可され、２つ目のグループにＶ相の電圧が印可され、３つ目のグループにはＷ相の電圧が印可されるとともに、各グループ内における第１のティース１１２に卷回させる第１の巻線群１１４の卷回方向は、隣接し合うもの同士が逆方向に卷回される構成となっている。さらに、各グループ間には、第２の巻線群１１５を卷回した第２のティース１１３が形成されており、電気角で１２０度の位相差で配置され、スター結線がなされている。
【００９０】
そしてこのステータにおける第１および第２のティース１１２，１１３のそれぞれの先端部と僅かなギャップを有して、ステータの半径方向外側にほぼＶ字上の形状をした永久磁石１１７が埋め込まれたロータコア１１６が設けられており、回転中心Ｏの周りに自由に回転可能な状態で配置されている。
【００９１】
このような構成のアウタロータ型モータジェネレータを用いれば、上記実施の形態１〜実施の形態３と同様に、高電圧バッテリによって第１の巻線群１１４の方で力行をし（電圧を印可して）、モータジェネレータを駆動させ、第２の巻線群１１５の方で回生をし（電圧を発生させ）、低電圧バッテリを充電することも可能である。
【００９２】
このとき、第２の巻線群１１５を卷回した第２のティース１１３の数を、第１の巻線群１１４を卷回した第１のティース１１２の数と比較して少なく設定しても、第２の巻線群１１５は第１の巻線群１１４と比較して出力が小さいので、発電特性は十分確保できる。
【００９３】
また、第１の巻線群１１４と第２の巻線群１１５の双方を回生用としたときにも、回生時の発電電圧が第１の巻線群１１４で高電圧の場合でも、第２の巻線群１１５の方は低電圧にすることができ、例えば、定格回転時において発生する発電電圧を、第１の巻線群１１４では高圧系の高電圧バッテリの電圧とし、第２の巻線群１１５を低圧系の低電圧バッテリの電圧とするようにできる。従って、従来のように低電圧バッテリのためのモータジェネレータを別途備える必要や、モータジェネレータに加えＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータを別途備える必要がない。
【００９４】
また、第２の巻線群１１５を卷回した第２のティース１１３のティース幅を適切な幅に設定することで、第２のティース１１３内の磁束がある程度まで大きくなると、磁気飽和により磁束量が抑えられるので、高速回転時でも第２の巻線群１１５に発生する発電電圧を低く抑えることができる。
【００９５】
さらに、より高速回転の時でも、第１の巻線群１１４の方で弱め界磁制御をすることにより、第１の巻線群１１４の電圧を高圧系の高電圧バッテリの許容電圧まで抑えるとともに、第２の巻線群１１５の電圧を低電圧バッテリの許容電圧まで抑えることも可能である。
【００９６】
なお、第１のティース１１２の先端部の周方向端部に上記実施の形態２にて説明したのと同様の切除部を設けた構成とすることも可能であり、同先端部に上記実施の形態３にて説明したのと同様の凹部を設けることも可能である。またロータを、上記実施の形態４にて説明したような直線状や円弧状といった形状の永久磁石を備えた構成としてもよい。
【００９７】
（実施の形態６）
図１０は本発明の実施の形態６における、機械的・電気的に独立した構造の２種類の巻線を備えたモータジェネレータを搭載したハイブリッド自動車の構成を示す概略図である。
【００９８】
図１０において、８はエンジン、１１０は電気モータで、動力切替機構１０を介してタイヤにエンジン８もしくは電気モータ１１０あるいはエンジン８と電気モータ１１０両方の動力を伝達している。電気モータ１１０は２つの独立した巻線を有するモータで、当該モータとしては既に述べた実施の形態１〜５に記載の各モータジェネレータを用いることができる。前記機械的・電気的に独立した２種類の巻線のうち、１つの巻線の端部は電力変換装置１２１を介して高電圧バッテリ７０に接続されており、もう１つの巻線の端部は電力変換装置１２２を介して低電圧バッテリ９０に接続されているが、モータの構造上、２種類の巻線は機械的・電気的に独立していることから、絶縁は容易に確保できる。
【００９９】
１つの巻線は高電圧バッテリ７０に接続されており、この巻線による動力で車両を走行させる。もう１つの巻線は低電圧バッテリ９０に接続されており、低電圧バッテリ７０を充電する発電機として制御する。
【０１００】
このように接続することで、モータで走行中であっても、低電圧バッテリ９０を充電することも可能となり、オルタネータ、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ等の別部品を用意しなくても低電圧バッテリ９０を充電することが可能となり、低コスト、省スペース化に寄与できる。
【０１０１】
また、図１７に示す従来構成のものにあるように、高電圧バッテリ７０からＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ１００を介して低電圧バッテリ９０を充電するシステムでは、高電圧バッテリ７０が何らかの原因で故障した場合、低電圧バッテリ９０の負荷状況によっては、低電圧バッテリ９０が放電されてしまい、車両の走行が不能となる可能性がある。しかしながら、本実施の形態６によれば、高電圧系と低電圧系が独立しているため、高電圧系の故障が発生しても、安定して低電圧を供給できるため、低電圧電源のバックアップとしての機能も併せ持つことになる。
【０１０２】
図１０は機械的・電気的に独立した巻線が２つ（２種）の形態で説明したが、図１１は機械的・電気的に独立した巻線が３つ（３種）の形態についての説明図である。図１０において、９０は１２Ｖの電源、１３０は４２Ｖの電源、７０は２４０Ｖの電源であり、これらの複数の異なる電源を搭載した車両において、一番高い電圧の２４０Ｖは車両駆動用のモータとしての電源、４２Ｖはエアコン、パワーステアリング等の比較的消費電力の大きい負荷用の電源、１２Ｖはランプ、オーディオ等の比較的消費電力の小さな負荷用の電源である。負荷容量に応じた電源を設定することで、各機器の効率の良い領域で使用することができ、機器の小型・軽量化につながる。
【０１０３】
各電源に専用の発電機を搭載したのでは、その発電機の搭載スペースや重量増加となり、電源電圧を多様にもつメリットがなくなる。しかし、本実施の形態６によれば、発電機用のスペースを個別に確保する必要がなく、１２Ｖ系、４２Ｖ系、および２４０Ｖを個々に充電制御することが可能となる。
【０１０４】
ここで、機械的・電気的に独立した３つの巻線のうち２つの巻線は、前述の２種類の巻線を備えたモータの構成と同様に、ステータに設けられた２種類のティースに巻線を施し、残りの１巻線を前記機械的・電気的に独立した２つの巻線のうちのいずれかと重ねて巻くものとする。
【０１０５】
（実施の形態７）
図１２は本発明の実施の形態７における、モータジェネレータを搭載したハイブリッド自動車の構成を示す概略図である。
【０１０６】
図１２において、８はエンジン、１１０は電気モータで、動力切替機構１０を介してタイヤにエンジン８もしくは電気モータ１１０あるいはエンジン８と電気モータ１１０両方の動力を伝達している。電気モータ１１０は２つの独立した巻線を有するモータで、当該モータとしては既に述べた実施の形態１〜４に記載の各モータジェネレータを用いることができる。２つの独立した巻線のうち、１つの巻線の端部は電力変換装置１２６を介して高電圧バッテリ７０に接続されている。もう１つの巻線の端部は電力変換装置１２７を介して低電圧バッテリ９０に接続されている。
【０１０７】
図１２のように構成された本実施の形態７のシステムにおいて、それぞれの電力変換装置はインバータで構成されている。本システムは図１３に示したように、スイッチング素子で構成されたインバータ１４１、１４２と、インバータのスイッチング素子を駆動するゲートドライブ回路１５１、１５２と、インバータを制御する制御部１６０と、モータ電流を検出する電流検出センサ１７１、１７２と、モータの磁極位置を検出する位置検出センサ１８０と、電源部１９０とを備えている。
【０１０８】
入出力インターフェイス２００よりモータへの指令が入力され、モータに流れる電流、モータの磁極位置、を電流検出センサ１７１，１７２、位置検出センサ１８０より制御部１６０へ入力し、上記各センサ入力に応じて、先の指令通りにモータを制御するための演算を制御部１６０で行い、その結果をゲートドライブ回路１５１，１５２を介して、インバータ１４１，１４２を構成するスイッチング素子を駆動してモータを制御する。制御部１６０がマイクロプロセッサで構成されていれば、２つ目以上の巻線、すなわちモータを制御するため、図１１のように、制御部１６０と磁極位置センサ１８０と電源部１９０とを共有することができ、２つのモータを独立に制御する場合に比べて構成部品点数が削減でき、コスト低減、サイズの小型化に寄与できる。
【０１０９】
（実施の形態８）
以下、本発明の実施の形態８について説明する。先に述べた実施の形態６，７のシステム構成を前提に説明する。
【０１１０】
モータが発生する発電電圧はモータの回転数に応じて発生する。例えば、１０００ｒ／ｍｉｎで１０Ｖ、モータに電圧が発生していれば、１００００ｒ／ｍｉｎで１００Ｖの電圧が発生することになる。車両駆動用のメインモータ、すなわち高電圧用巻線は車両の高速性能を確保するため、１００００ｒ／ｍｉｎ近くまで回転させなければいけない。一方、低電圧用巻線発電機は一定電圧、例えば、１４Ｖとなるように制御する必要がある。そこで、１００００ｒ／ｍｉｎ時に定格電圧１４Ｖを発生するように低電圧巻線を設計し、電力変換装置をインバータで構成する。そうすれば、１００００ｒ／ｍｉｎより低い回転数では、１４Ｖ以下の発電電圧しか発生しない。そこで、インバータを昇圧モードで制御することで、一定電圧１４Ｖを確保する。図１４に電力変化装置をインバータで構成した一例の構成図を示す。
【０１１１】
上記のように構成することで、インバータのスイッチング素子が従来６個必要としたものが３個で構成でき、部品点数の削減、コスト削減、小型化に寄与することができる。
【０１１２】
（実施の形態９）
以下、本発明の実施の形態９について説明する。先に述べた実施の形態６，７のシステム構成を前提に説明する。
【０１１３】
モータが発生する発電電圧はモータの回転数に応じて発生する。例えば、１０００ｒ／ｍｉｎで１０Ｖ、モータに電圧が発生していれば、１００００ｒ／ｍｉｎで１００Ｖの電圧が発生することになる。車両駆動用のメインモータ、すなわち高電圧用巻線は車両の高速性能を確保するため、１００００ｒ／ｍｉｎ近くまで回転させなければいけない。一方、低電圧用巻線発電機は一定電圧、例えば、１４Ｖとなるように制御する必要がある。しかし、０〜１００００ｒ／ｍｉｎ程度に変化する回転数の中で、仮に１０００ｒ／ｍｉｎで１０Ｖ発生するよう低電圧巻線を設計すれば０Ｖ〜１００Ｖの電圧が発生しその電圧を一定電圧１４Ｖに制御する必要がある。一定電圧に制御するためには、発生電圧のダイナミックレンジは小さいほど制御性がよい。そこで、略半分の回転数５０００ｒ／ｍｉｎで、定格電圧１４Ｖが発生するように巻線を設計し、電力変換装置をインバータで構成する。
【０１１４】
定格電圧を超える回転範囲では弱め界磁制御、下回る回転範囲では強め界磁制御を行う。このように制御状態を切り替えることで、発生電圧が定格電圧より低い範囲では、強め界磁を行って発生電圧を高くし、発生電圧が定格電圧より高い範囲では弱め界磁を行って発生電圧を低く制御することで、ダイナミックレンジを見かけ上半分に抑え、制御性を向上させる。
【０１１５】
ここでは、発生電圧の制御にインバータを用いて界磁制御を行う方法について説明したが、制御巻線に電流を通電して磁石からの磁気抵抗を変化させ、その結果、第２の巻線に発生する電圧を制御しても、同様な効果を得ることができる。
【０１１６】
（実施の形態１０）
以下、本発明の実施の形態１０について説明する。図１５において、４は第１の巻線群で、電力変換装置３０を介して高電圧バッテリ７０へ接続される。５は第２の巻線群で整流器３００を介して低電圧バッテリ９０へと接続されている。
【０１１７】
第１の巻線群４をモータ（力行）、第２の巻き線群５をジェネレータ（回生）として動作させ、低電圧バッテリ９０の電圧が一定になるように、第１の巻線群４の電力を制御してモータの回転数を調整することで、低電圧バッテリ９０の負荷状況にかかわらず、一定電圧に制御することが可能となる。
【０１１８】
なお、第１の巻線群４でモータを回転（力行）させ、回転のエネルギーを利用して発電電力を制御できるため、高速で回転させればさせるほど、小型化できるモータジェネレータを提供することができる。
【０１１９】
なお、上記実施の形態１〜１０のモータジェネレータをＰＥＶ（Ｐｕｒｅ Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ Ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ：純粋電気自動車）や、ＨＥＶ（Ｈｙｂｒｉｄ Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ Ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ：ハイブリッド電気自動車）、ＦＣＥＶ（Ｆｕｅｌ Ｃｅｌｌ Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ Ｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ：燃料電池自動車）等の自動車駆動用モータとして使用することにより、従来のように高圧系と低圧系の２種類のモータジェネレータを備える必要やＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータを別途備える必要がなくなるので、省スペースでかつ低コストな電気自動車駆動システムにすることができ、従って、低コストで、車室内をより広く活用することのできる電気自動車を提供することができる。
【０１２０】
【発明の効果】
以上のように本発明のモータジェネレータは、互いに電気的・機械的に独立した第１の巻線群と第２の巻線群とがそれぞれ卷回された第１のティースと第２のティースを有するステータと、ロータコアに複数の永久磁石が埋め込まれてなるロータとを備え、第１の巻線群を卷回した複数の第１のティースを１つのグループとしてステータ全体において複数のグループに区分し、同じグループ内において隣接する第１のティースの巻線の卷回方向を互いに逆方向とした構成を有する。そして、第２のティースに卷回される第２の巻線群を第１の巻線群とは相違なる巻線仕様にすることによって、回生時の発電電圧が第１の巻線群で高電圧の場合でも、第２の巻線群の方は低電圧にすることができ、例えば、定格回転時において発生する発電電圧を、第１の巻線群では高圧系の高電圧バッテリの電圧とし、第２の巻線群では低圧系の低電圧バッテリの電圧とするようにできるので、高電圧バッテリ用と低電圧バッテリ用の２つのモータジェネレータを備える必要や、単体のモータジェネレータにＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータを別途備えた構成とする必要がなくなり、省スペース、低コストな駆動システムを提供することができる。
【０１２１】
また、高電圧バッテリによって第１の巻線群の方で力行をし、モータジェネレータを駆動させ、第２の巻線群の方で回生をし、低電圧バッテリを充電することも可能である。
【０１２２】
ここで、第２の巻線群を卷回した第２のティースの数は、第１の巻線群を卷回した第１のティースの数と比較して少なく設定されているが、第２の巻線群は第１の巻線群と比較して出力が小さいので、発電特性は十分確保できる。
【０１２３】
また、第１の巻線群を卷回した第１のティースの数と、ロータの磁極数の組み合わせを選択的に最適化することで、第１の巻線群を卷回した第１のティースにて構成される各グループ同士の隙間を大きくとれ、第２の巻線を卷回した第２のティースのティース幅を大きくあるいは、第２のティ−スの数を増やすことができる。このような構成にすることで、第２の巻線群での電力を大きく取り出すことが可能となる。
【０１２４】
また、第２の巻線群を卷回した第２のティースのティース幅を適切な幅に設定することで、高速回転時でも第２の巻線群に発生する発電電圧を低く抑えることができる。
【０１２５】
さらに、より高速回転の時でも、第１の巻線群の方で弱め界磁制御をすることにより、第１の巻線群の電圧を高圧系の高電圧バッテリの許容電圧まで抑えるとともに、第２の巻線群の電圧も低電圧バッテリの許容電圧まで抑えることも可能である。
【０１２６】
さらにまた、永久磁石埋込型集中巻きモータとして高トルクを発生させるとともに、第１の巻線群を卷回した第１のティースを複数個備えた各グループ内において、隣接する第１のティース同士が互いに異なる極性であるため、磁界分布の偏重を緩和することができ、モータ駆動時の端子間発生電圧の歪を抑えることができ、鉄損を低減させることができる。また、永久磁石における渦電流による熱発生が小さくなり、永久磁石の減磁も抑止することができ、非常に効率の高いモータジェネレータを提供することができる。
【０１２７】
また、本発明のモータジェネレータは、機械的・電気的に独立した巻線群を２つ以上有する構成であって、各々独立した電力変換装置のうち少なくとも２つの電力変換装置が、制御部と磁極位置検出センサと電源部とを共有し、また電力変換装置にインバータを用いることで、部品の共有化が図れ、コスト低減、サイズの小型化に寄与できる。
【０１２８】
また、低電圧用の巻線の発電電圧を高速回転数で定格電圧を発生するよう設計することで、インバータを昇圧モードで構成でき、スイッチング素子数を半減でき、コスト低減、サイズの小型化に寄与できる。
【０１２９】
また、低電圧用の巻線の発電電圧を最高回転数の略半分で定格電圧を発生するよう設計することで、弱め界磁、強め界磁と制御を切り替えることで制御するレンジを見かけ上半分にすることができ、発電電圧を一定値に制御しやすく制御性向上に寄与することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の実施の形態１におけるモータジェネレータ主要部を説明するための主要部概略断面図
【図２】同実施の形態における巻線の卷回方向を説明するための概略展開図
【図３】同実施の形態における各巻線群同士の結線状態を示す結線図
【図４】ティース数の組み合わせの一例を示すモータジェネレータの主要部概略断面図
【図５】本発明の実施の形態２におけるモータジェネレータ主要部を説明するための主要部概略断面図
【図６】同実施の形態におけるステータコアを説明するための部分拡大図
【図７】（ａ）は本発明の実施の形態３におけるステータコアを説明するための概略断面図
（ｂ）は同実施の形態における凹部の形成方法の一例を示す部分図
（ｃ）は同実施の形態における凹部の形状の一例を示す部分図
【図８】（ａ）は本発明の実施の形態４における永久磁石の形状の一例を説明するためのロータの概略断面図
（ｂ）は同実施の形態における永久磁石の別の形状を説明するためのロータの概略断面図
（ｃ）は同実施の形態における永久磁石のさらに別の形状を説明するためのロータの概略断面図
（ｄ）は同実施の形態におけるロータコアの形状の一例を示すロータの概略断面図
【図９】本発明の実施の形態５におけるアウタロータ型モータジェネレータを説明するための主要部概略断面図
【図１０】本発明の実施の形態６におけるハイブリッド自動車の構成を示す概略図
【図１１】同実施の形態における別のハイブリッド自動車の構成を示す概略図
【図１２】本発明の実施の形態７におけるハイブリッド自動車の構成を示す概略図
【図１３】同実施の形態における電力変換装置の構成を示すブロック図
【図１４】本発明の実施の形態８における電力変換装置の構成を示すブロック図
【図１５】本発明の実施の形態１０における各巻線群の接続状態を示すブロック図
【図１６】モータジェネレータを搭載した従来のハイブリッド自動車の構成を示す概略図
【図１７】モータジェネレータとＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータを搭載した従来のハイブリッド自動車の構成を示す概略図
【符号の説明】
１ ステータコア
２ 第１のティース
３ 第２のティース
４ 第１の巻線群
５ 第２の巻線群
６ ロータコア
７ 永久磁石
２１ 第１の巻線群の卷回方向を示す矢印
２２ 別の第１の巻線群の卷回方向を示す矢印
４１ ティース先端部
４２ ロータにおけるステータとの対向面
４３ 切除部
４４ 切除部
５６ 第１のティース先端部における矩形形状の凹部
５９ 第１のティース先端部における円弧状の凹部
６６ スリット
８ エンジン
１０ 動力切替機構
７０ 高電圧バッテリ（２４０Ｖ）
９０ 低電圧バッテリ（１２Ｖ）
１１０ モータジェネレータ
１２１〜１２７ 電力変換装置
１３０ 高電圧バッテリ（４２Ｖ）
１４１、１４２ インバータ
１５１、１５２ ゲートドライブ回路
１６０ 制御部
１７１、１７２ 電流検出センサ
１８０ 磁極位置検出センサ
１９０ 電源部
２００ 入出力インターフェイス
３００ 整流器[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a motor generator suitable for an electric vehicle such as a PEV (Pure Electric Vehicle: pure electric vehicle), an HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle: hybrid electric vehicle), and an FCEV (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle: fuel cell vehicle). is there.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a hybrid electric vehicle having an engine and an electric motor as driving units includes two types of batteries: a high-voltage battery for driving the electric motor, and a low-voltage battery for accessories such as lamps and audio. The battery mounted on the vehicle adopts a configuration in which the battery is charged by a motor generator mounted on the vehicle in consideration of maintenance.
[0003]
FIG. 16 shows a configuration of a conventional hybrid electric vehicle. Reference numeral 8 denotes an engine, and 9 denotes an electric motor, which transmits power of the engine, the electric motor, or both the engine and the electric motor to the tires via a power switching mechanism of 10. The electric motor 9 is controlled from the high voltage battery 70 via the power converter 30. An alternator 80 has a system configuration in which the low-voltage battery 90 is charged by engine rotation. The charging of the high-voltage battery employs a mechanism in which the electric motor 9 is operated as a generator and the high-voltage battery 70 is charged via the power converter 30.
[0004]
FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram of another conventional hybrid electric vehicle. 16 is different from FIG. 16 in that the low-voltage battery 90 is charged not from the alternator 80 but from the high-voltage battery 70 via the DC-DC converter 100 (Non-Patent Document 1). reference).
[0005]
With respect to the motor generator, many field winding type motor generators have been proposed, and two windings, a winding connected to a high-voltage battery and a winding connected to a low-voltage battery, are provided. What is possessed is known (see Patent Document 1).
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-105512 (page 1, page 3, FIG. 1)
[0007]
[Non-patent document 1]
"TOYOTA ESTIMA HYBRID New Model Manual Part No. 61994", Toyota Motor Corporation Service Department, June 2001, p0-9, p1-31
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the case of the conventional electric vehicle drive system as described above, it is necessary to provide two types of main high-voltage system, low-voltage system for auxiliary equipment, and a motor generator, or separately provide a DC / DC converter for one type of motor generator. . Therefore, there are problems that the mounting space is increased and the cost is increased.
[0009]
Further, in the case where two windings are used in the field winding system, when the windings are wound for powering a vehicle, the size of the motor generator becomes very large, and there is a problem that the motor generator cannot be mounted on the vehicle. Further, there is also a problem that it is difficult to control each winding simultaneously because of the field winding method.
[0010]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a space-saving and low-cost electric vehicle drive system by integrating two types of motor generators by a magnet field method.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve this object, a motor generator according to the present invention includes a rotor holding a plurality of permanent magnets, and a stator having a plurality of teeth, and is mutually wound around the plurality of teeth. And two or more winding groups having independent and electrically independent configurations. The plurality of teeth are divided into a first tooth and a second tooth, and the plurality of winding groups are divided into a first winding group and a second winding group. A plurality of groups each including the plurality of first teeth formed by winding a winding group are provided in the entire stator. Furthermore, a first winding group to which a voltage of the same phase is applied is respectively applied to the plurality of first teeth in the same group so that winding directions of the first winding group are opposite to those of an adjacent one. The plurality of adjacent groups are applied with voltages having different phases, respectively, and the second teeth having the second winding group wound thereon are arranged between the groups.
[0012]
At this time, the winding specification of the second winding group is set to a specification different from the winding specification of the first winding group, and the number of turns is made smaller than that of the first winding group. The power generation voltage during regeneration in the winding group can be lower than the power generation voltage during regeneration in the first winding group. Therefore, for example, the generated voltage generated at the time of rated rotation is set to the voltage of the high-voltage high-voltage battery in the first winding group, and to the voltage of the low-voltage low-voltage battery in the second winding group. it can. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide another motor generator for the low-voltage battery in addition to the motor generator for the high-voltage battery as in the related art, and a DC / DC generator that generates only one kind of voltage during regeneration is provided. There is no need to separately provide a DC converter.
[0013]
It is also possible to charge the low-voltage battery by powering the first winding group by the high-voltage battery, driving the motor generator, and regenerating by the second winding group.
[0014]
Further, the motor generator having the two or more winding groups, wherein at least two of the independent power converters drive an inverter including a switching element and a switching element of the inverter. A gate drive circuit, a control unit for controlling the inverter, a current detection sensor for detecting a motor current, a magnetic pole position detection sensor for detecting a magnetic pole position of the motor, and a power supply unit. An apparatus shares the control unit, the magnetic pole position detection sensor, and the power supply unit.
[0015]
In addition, the power generation voltage of the low-voltage winding is set to be the rated voltage at the maximum rotation, and the power converter connected to the output terminal of each winding is driven in the boost mode.
[0016]
In addition, the power generation voltage of the low-voltage winding is set to be the rated voltage when the rotation speed is approximately half of the maximum rotation speed, and the power converters connected to the output terminals of the windings are weakened and strengthened. Drive by switching between magnetism.
[0017]
Further, a control voltage generated at an output terminal of at least one winding group is controlled by a control winding wound around a magnetic path forming portion from the magnet.
[0018]
Further, the number of rotations of the motor is varied by the first winding group, and the generated voltage generated at the output terminal of the second winding group is controlled.
[0019]
In addition, the motor generator of the present invention uses a permanent magnet embedded type rotor and has a reverse saliency due to its structure. In addition, a reluctance torque can be generated, and the motor generator has a higher torque. That is, a motor generator having the same output can be further downsized.
[0020]
Furthermore, since each winding is a concentrated winding, the coil end can be made much smaller than that of the distributed winding, and the motor generator can be further downsized.
[0021]
Further, the voltage generated in the first winding group of the motor generator of the present invention is such that the winding specification in each group of the U, V, W phases has polarities different from those of the adjacent first teeth. As a result, the bias of the magnetic field distribution can be reduced, and the waveform of the back electromotive voltage induced in the main winding when the motor generator is driven can be reduced. As a result, iron loss in the stator core and the rotor core can be reduced, and the generation of eddy current is also suppressed in the permanent magnet in the rotor core, thereby reducing heat generation and suppressing demagnetization of the permanent magnet. Thus, an efficient motor generator can be realized.
[0022]
Further, in the motor generator according to the present invention, the plurality of groups are each constituted by n (where n ≧ 2 is an integer) first teeth wound with the first winding group, respectively. The number of poles of the rotor is p, the total number of the first teeth is t, and the number of winding sets in which one set of a three-phase U, V, W first winding group is s (where, p, t, and s are all positive integers)
Each of the groups constituted by the first winding group has a configuration satisfying a relationship of p = 2 × s × (± 1 + 3 × k) and p> t (where k is an integer of 0). The windings of the plurality of first teeth adjacent to each other have different polarities from each other, so that the bias of the magnetic field distribution can be reduced, and the voltage waveform generated between the terminals of the first winding group when the motor generator is driven. Can be reduced. Therefore, generation of iron loss can be suppressed, and the efficiency of the motor generator can be improved.
[0023]
Further, in the motor generator according to the present invention, the number of rotor poles is 10q, the total number of slots formed between the first teeth is 9q, and the number of slots formed between the second teeth is based on the above. Assuming that the total number is 3q (both q is a positive integer), the rotor facing portion angle of the first teeth is θ1 [rad], and the rotor facing portion angle of the second teeth is θ2 [rad]. In case,
π / 10q <θ1 <π / 5q and
π / 45q <θ2 <π / 10q
By satisfying the relationship, the magnetic flux is less saturated and flows more easily, the torque is further improved, and the waveform distortion of the back electromotive voltage induced in the winding can be reduced. Loss can be reduced, and heat generation due to eddy currents in the permanent magnet can also be suppressed, demagnetization of the permanent magnet can be suppressed, and the efficiency of the motor generator can be improved.
[0024]
Still further, in the motor generator of the present invention, a cut is made near the circumferential end of the tip of each of the plurality of first teeth facing the stator facing surface of the rotor so as to be separated from the stator facing surface of the rotor. It is assumed that each unit is provided. With such a configuration, it is possible to alleviate a sudden magnetic field change in each tooth, and it is possible to make the waveform of the back electromotive voltage generated in the windings when the motor generator is driven closer to a sine wave, thereby reducing the torque. Ripple and cogging torque can be reduced.
[0025]
In the motor generator according to the present invention, further, in each group constituted by the first teeth wound with the first winding group, a tip portion of one or more first teeth in the group. And one or more concave portions. Further, the shape of the recess is substantially rectangular or arcuate. Of course, other shapes may be used.
[0026]
With this configuration, the magnetic pole at the tip of the first tooth is subdivided into apparently S pole, N pole, and S pole, so that high torque can be obtained and torque ripple can be reduced.
[0027]
Similarly, a configuration may be adopted in which one or more recesses are provided at the tip of the second tooth around which the second winding group is wound. Further, the plurality of second teeth are provided at intervals corresponding to the magnetic pole pitch of the rotor, between groups formed by the plurality of first teeth wound around the first winding group. Between the group constituted by the plurality of first teeth formed by winding the first winding group, or the plurality of groups formed by winding the second winding group between the groups. As the configuration in which the second teeth are arranged at equal intervals, by increasing the number of the first teeth, the magnetic flux can be effectively used, and the torque can be increased, that is, the output can be increased.
[0028]
Still further, in the motor generator of the present invention, the rotor may include the plurality of permanent magnets, the plurality of slits having substantially the same shape as the permanent magnet, and the plurality of slits having a width smaller than the thickness of the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet has a rotor core provided on the side opposite to the stator side.
[0029]
This configuration makes it difficult for the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet to pass through the slit portion, that is, increases the magnetic resistance, increases the difference from a low magnetic resistance, and generates a larger reluctance torque. Can be improved.
[0030]
Still further, in the motor generator according to the present invention, a distance between each stator side surface of the plurality of permanent magnets provided on the rotor and a stator facing surface of the rotor is greater than an end of each of the plurality of permanent magnets. Also, as a configuration in which the central portion has a larger shape, the shape of the plurality of permanent magnets constituting the rotor may be substantially V-shaped protruding in a direction opposite to the stator facing surface side of the rotor, In addition to being a straight line perpendicular to the radial direction of the rotor or an arc shape protruding in a direction opposite to the stator facing surface side of the rotor, the rotor having a radius larger than the radius of the rotor An arc shape protruding toward the stator facing surface may also be used.
[0031]
With this configuration, it is possible to generate a reluctance torque by providing a portion where the magnetic flux easily passes through and a portion where the magnetic flux does not easily pass, that is, a portion having a relatively low magnetic resistance and a portion having a high magnetic resistance in comparison with the portion. As a result, the generated torque can be improved.
[0032]
Further, by configuring an electric vehicle using the motor generator of the present invention, it is necessary to provide two types of motor generators, a high-voltage system and a low-voltage system, as in the related art, or a motor generator that generates only one type of voltage during regeneration. Since there is no need to separately provide a DC / DC converter, a space-saving and low-cost electric vehicle drive system can be configured. Therefore, an electric vehicle that can be used at low cost and that can use the vehicle interior more widely can be provided. Can be provided.
[0033]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0034]
(Embodiment 1)
FIGS. 1 to 3 are views for explaining a motor generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a sectional view taken along a plane perpendicular to a rotation center axis for explaining a main part of a motor. FIG. 2 is a development view illustrating the winding direction of the winding wound around the teeth of the first winding group, and FIG. 3 shows the respective connection states of the first and second winding groups. It is a connection diagram.
[0035]
In FIG. 1, a stator core 1 formed by stacking electromagnetic steel sheets includes a tooth 2 having a first winding group 4 wound thereon and a tooth 3 having a second winding group 5 wound thereon. On the other hand, a permanent magnet 7 is embedded in a rotor core 6 formed by laminating electromagnetic steel sheets to form a rotor, and the first and second teeth 2 are rotatable freely around a rotation center O. , 3 with a slight gap. At this time, the permanent magnets 7 are arranged so as to face different magnetic field directions from the adjacent magnets.
[0036]
There are a total of nine first teeth 2 on which the first winding group 4 is wound, but there are a group I to which a U-phase voltage is applied, a group II to which a V-phase voltage is applied, and a W-phase. Are applied to each of the groups III. Each of the groups I, II, and III is provided with three first teeth 2. Further, between each group I, II, III, a second tooth 3 on which the second winding group 5 is wound is provided. FIG. 2 shows the winding direction of the first winding group 4 in each group. With respect to the winding direction 21 of the first winding group 4 wound around the first teeth 2 located at both ends in the group, the first winding wound around the first tooth 2 in the middle of the group. The winding direction 22 of the wire group 4 is reversed. That is, the winding direction of the first winding group 4 wound around the first teeth 2 in each of the groups I, II, and III is opposite to that of the adjacent first teeth 2 in the group to which the first teeth 2 belong. The first winding group 4 is wound in such a manner that the polarity of the first winding group of the adjacent first teeth 2 is reversed. The first winding group 4 for each first tooth 2 is connected in series, but it is also possible to connect them in parallel. Similarly, a first winding group 4 is wound on each of the first teeth 2 of the other groups in the same manner, and each group includes three-phase windings of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase, respectively. Are formed with a phase difference of 120 degrees in electrical angle, and are star-connected. Therefore, in the groups I, II, and III of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase, the first teeth 2 adjacent to each other have polarities different from each other. Distortion of the waveform of the back electromotive voltage generated between the terminals when the motor is driven can be reduced, and thus iron loss can be reduced.
[0037]
In the first embodiment, each of the groups I, II, and III has three first teeth 2 each having the first winding group 4 wound thereon (that is, the first teeth 2 are three-pronged). ), And one set of windings for the U-phase / V-phase / W-phase windings is one set.
[0038]
In the above configuration, the number (foreign number) of the first teeth 2 in one group is n (however, n ≧ 2 is an integer), the number of winding sets is s (where s ≧ 1 is an integer), Assuming that the total number of teeth 2 is t and the number of rotor poles is p,
p = 2 × s (± 1 + 3 × k) where p> t (1)
Holds.
[0039]
Using the above equation (1), the number of rotor poles p in the first embodiment is
p = 2 × 1 (−1 + 3 × k)
And if k = 2,
p = 2 × 1 (−1 + 3 × 2)
= 10
It becomes. At this time, the relationship between the number of rotor poles p and the total number t of the first teeth 2 wound around the first winding group 4 is as follows.
p (= 10)> t (= 9)
From this, it can be seen that the motor generator of the first embodiment has a configuration satisfying the above expression (1).
[0040]
Here, the angle per one of the first teeth 2 on which the first winding group 4 is wound is 36 degrees in accordance with the angle of one magnetic pole of a 10-pole rotor. Therefore, since three first teeth 2 are arranged in each group, each group has 108 degrees, and a gap of 12 degrees is formed between each group. Therefore, the second teeth 3 having the second winding group 5 wound therearound are arranged in this gap, but the first winding group 4 does not cause any particular reduction in motor basic characteristics.
[0041]
The second winding group 5 is arranged with a phase difference of 120 degrees in electrical angle between the respective phases of the first winding group 4 and is star-connected. In an independent state, this also forms a three-phase winding. However, the winding specification is different from that of the first winding group 4, and the number of turns is smaller than that of the first winding group 4. For example, the number of turns of the first winding group 4 is 288. The number of turns and the number of turns of the second winding group 5 are 12 turns, and the respective outputs are 10 to 30 kW in the first winding group 4 and 1 to 3 kW in the second winding group 5. Set.
[0042]
FIG. 3 shows a connection state of the first winding group 4 and the second winding group 5 in the first embodiment. In FIG. 3, 15u, 15v, and 15w are output points of the U, V, and W phases of the first winding group 4, respectively, and 15r, 15s, and 15t are U, V, and V of the second winding group 5, respectively. -Each output point of W phase. In the first winding group 4, the first winding groups 4 are connected to each other by a wiring 17a, and in the second winding group 5, the second winding groups 5 are connected to each other by a wiring 17b. Accordingly, the first winding group 4 and the second winding group 5 are mechanically and electrically independent from each other. In addition, 16a and 16b in a figure show each neutral point.
[0043]
With this configuration, the first winding group 4 is powered by the high-voltage battery (by applying a voltage), the motor generator is driven, and the second winding group 5 is driven. It is also possible to regenerate (generate a voltage) and charge the low-voltage battery.
[0044]
Here, the number of the second teeth 3 around which the winding is wound is set to be smaller in the second winding group 5 than in the first winding group 4. 4, the power generation characteristics can be sufficiently ensured.
[0045]
Further, even when both the first winding group 4 and the second winding group 5 are used for regeneration, even if the generated voltage during regeneration is high in the first winding group 4, The winding group 5 of the first winding group 4 can be set to a lower voltage. For example, the power generation voltage generated at the time of rated rotation is set to the voltage of the high-voltage battery of the high-voltage system in the first winding group 4, The line group 5 can be set to the voltage of the low-voltage low-voltage battery. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately provide a motor generator for a low-voltage battery as in the related art, and it is not necessary to separately provide a DC / DC converter in addition to the motor generator.
[0046]
Also, by setting the teeth width of the second teeth 3 on which the second winding group 5 is wound to an appropriate width, when the magnetic flux in the second teeth 3 increases to a certain extent, the magnetic flux amount is increased due to magnetic saturation. Therefore, the generated voltage generated in the second winding group 5 can be kept low even during high-speed rotation.
[0047]
Further, even at higher rotation speeds, the field of the first winding group 4 is subjected to field weakening control to suppress the voltage of the first winding group 4 to the allowable voltage of the high-voltage high-voltage battery. It is also possible to suppress the voltage of the second winding group 5 to the allowable voltage of the low-voltage battery.
[0048]
In the first embodiment, the number of rotor poles (p) is 10 poles, and the total number of first teeth (t) wound around the first winding group 4 is 9 (that is, 9 slots). The case where the total number of second teeth wound around the second winding group 5 is 3 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this case, and the total number of first teeth (t) and the number of rotors are not limited to three. The combination of the number of poles (p) may be a combination shown in Table 1 below.
[0049]
Further, a second tooth wound with a second winding group 5 provided in a gap between each group I, II, III constituted by the first tooth 2 wound with the first winding group 4 is wound. The number of 3 is not limited to one as described in the configuration of the first embodiment, and a combination of a plurality of the configurations may be considered. At this time, the pitch between the first teeth 2 can be adjusted to the magnet pitch, and the pitch between the second teeth 3 can also be adjusted to the magnet pitch. The interval between the first tooth 2 and the second tooth 3 is not always the same as the magnet pitch. Alternatively, all of the interval between the first teeth 2, the interval between the second teeth, and the interval between the adjacent first teeth 2 and the second teeth 3 can be equally divided. .
[0050]
The total number of first teeth 2 wound around the first winding group 4 (t), the total number of second teeth 3 wound around the second winding group 5, and the number of magnet poles (p) May be designed in accordance with the balance between the power in the first winding group 4 and the power in the second winding group. Table 1 shows an example of the combination.
[0051]
[Table 1]

[0052]
FIG. 4 shows a configuration in which two second teeth 3 are provided between groups I, II, and III each having five first teeth 2, and the first and second teeth 2 are provided. FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a main part of a motor generator in which all three are divided into equally spaced pitches. Although FIG. 4 does not show the first and second winding groups, similarly to the motor generator having the above-described configuration, the group to which the U-phase voltage is applied and the V-phase voltage are applied. The first winding group and the second winding group are mechanically and electrically independent from each other. The configuration shown in FIG. Although it is a combination of 15, it can be seen that as a result of increasing the number of poles (p) of the magnet, the gap between the groups is increased, and a large space for providing the second teeth 3 can be obtained.
[0053]
In the first embodiment, the number of rotor poles is ten, and the total number of slots formed between the first teeth 2 wound around the first winding group 4 is nine (that is, the first teeth). ), And the total number of slots formed between the second teeth 3 around which the second winding group 5 is wound is three (that is, the total number of second teeth).
[0054]
As a result of further study of this configuration, the number of rotor poles was 10q, the total number of slots formed between the first teeth 2 was 9q, and the total number of slots formed between the second teeth 3 was 3q. (Where q is a positive integer), the rotor facing portion angle of the first teeth 2 is θ1 [rad], and the rotor facing portion angle of the second teeth 3 is θ2 [rad].
π / 10q <θ1 <π / 5q
π / 45q <θ2 <π / 10q (2)
If the relationship is satisfied, the magnetic flux is less saturated and flows more easily, the torque is further improved, and the waveform distortion of the back electromotive voltage induced in the winding can be reduced, and the iron loss , And heat generation due to eddy currents in the permanent magnets can be suppressed to suppress demagnetization of the permanent magnets, thereby improving the efficiency of the motor generator.
[0055]
(Embodiment 2)
5 and 6 are views for explaining a motor generator according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a stator core having a cross section taken along a plane perpendicular to a rotation center axis and a rotor facing an inner peripheral surface thereof. FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view of the stator core for explaining the teeth shape forming the stator core.
[0056]
As shown in FIG. 5, the stator core 31 has a first tooth 32 having a first winding group 34 wound thereon and a second winding group 35 having a second winding group 35 wound thereon, as in the first embodiment. And second teeth 33. There are a total of nine first teeth 32 on which the first winding group 34 is wound, and the group I to which the U-phase voltage is applied, the group II to which the V-phase voltage is applied, and the W-phase voltage Are applied to each other, and a second tooth 33 around which a second winding group 35 is wound is provided between the groups I, II, and III. Also, as in the first embodiment, the winding direction of the first winding group 34 wound around the first teeth 32 of each of the groups I, II, and III is adjacent to each other within the group to which the first winding group 34 belongs. The first winding group 34 is wound in a direction opposite to that of the first teeth 32 to be formed, and the polarities of the first winding groups of the adjacent first teeth 32 are inverted from each other. ing. At this time, the first winding groups 34 for the respective first teeth 32 are connected in series, but may be connected in parallel. Similarly, a first winding group 34 is wound on each of the first teeth 32 of the other groups in the same manner, and each group includes three-phase windings of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase, respectively. Are formed with a phase difference of 120 degrees in electrical angle, and are star-connected. Then, the embedded permanent magnet rotor 36 is arranged via a slight gap with the first and second teeth in a freely rotatable manner around the rotation center O. At this time, the orientations of the permanent magnets 7 are respectively arranged so as to face different magnetic field directions from the adjacent magnets.
[0057]
As in the first embodiment, the number of rotor poles is 10q, the total number of slots formed between first teeth 32 is 9q, and the number of slots formed between second teeth 33 is Assuming that the total number is 3q (both q is a positive integer), the rotor facing portion angle of the first teeth 32 is θ1 [rad], and the rotor facing portion angle of the second teeth 33 is θ2 [rad]. In this case, the setting is made so as to satisfy the above-mentioned expression (2).
[0058]
FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view of the first tooth 32 of FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 will be described. At each circumferential end of the distal end portion 41 of the first tooth 32 constituting the stator core 31, the rotor facing surface of the distal end portion 41 of the first tooth 32 facing the stator facing surface 42 of the rotor 36 is It is formed in a shape having cutouts 43 and 44 that are separated from the stator facing surface 42 of the rotor 36 in the vicinity of the circumferential end. In addition, it is good to form so that each size of the cut part 43 and the cut part 44 may become substantially equal.
[0059]
In the second embodiment, the stator core 31 is formed by forming all the distal ends of the first teeth 32 to have the same shape. By forming each tip of the first teeth 32 in such a shape, a sudden magnetic field change in each of the first teeth 32 can be mitigated, so that the waveform of the back electromotive voltage is further made into a sine wave. Approach, reducing torque ripple and cogging torque.
[0060]
As described above, according to the second embodiment, the shape in which the rotor facing surface at the tip of the first tooth is separated from the stator facing surface of rotor 36 near each circumferential end of the tip is provided. By forming the first teeth 32, it is possible to alleviate a sudden magnetic field change in each of the first teeth 32, so that high torque can be generated, and at the same time, the waveform of the generated voltage is made closer to a sine wave, The torque ripple and the cogging torque can be reduced, and furthermore, the distortion of the generated voltage can be suppressed. Therefore, the iron loss can be suppressed, and a very efficient motor generator can be realized.
[0061]
With such a configuration, similarly to the first embodiment, the first winding group 34 is powered (by applying a voltage) by a high-voltage battery, and the motor generator is driven. It is also possible to regenerate (generate a voltage) in the second winding group 35 and charge the low-voltage battery.
[0062]
Here, the number of the second teeth 33 around which the winding is wound is set to be smaller in the second winding group 35 than in the first winding group 34. Since the output is smaller than that of No. 34, sufficient power generation characteristics can be secured.
[0063]
In addition, even when both the first winding group 34 and the second winding group 35 are used for regeneration, even if the generated voltage at the time of regeneration is high in the first winding group 34, In the first winding group 34, the voltage of the high-voltage system high-voltage battery is used as the voltage of the second winding group 35. The line group 35 can be set to the voltage of the low-voltage low-voltage battery. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately provide a motor generator for a low-voltage battery as in the related art, and it is not necessary to separately provide a DC / DC converter in addition to the motor generator.
[0064]
Also, by setting the teeth width of the second teeth 33 on which the second winding group 35 is wound to an appropriate width, if the magnetic flux in the second teeth 33 increases to a certain extent, the magnetic flux amount is increased due to magnetic saturation. Is suppressed, so that the generated voltage generated in the second winding group 35 can be kept low even during high-speed rotation.
[0065]
Further, even at higher rotation speeds, the field weakening control is performed in the first winding group 34 to suppress the voltage of the first winding group 34 to the allowable voltage of the high-voltage high-voltage battery. It is also possible to suppress the voltage of the second winding group 35 to the allowable voltage of the low-voltage battery.
[0066]
(Embodiment 3)
FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C are views for explaining a motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and are schematic top views of a stator core.
[0067]
As shown in FIG. 7A, the stator core 51 includes a first tooth 52 formed by winding a first winding group 54 and a second winding group 55, as in the first embodiment. And a second tooth 53 wound thereon. There are a total of nine first teeth 52 wound around the first winding group 54, but the group I to which the U-phase voltage is applied, the group II to which the V-phase voltage is applied, and the W-phase voltage Are applied, and a second tooth 53 having a second winding group 55 wound thereon is provided between the groups I, II, and III. Also, as in the first embodiment, the winding direction of the first winding group 54 wound around the first teeth 52 of each of the groups I, II, and III is adjacent to each other within the group to which the first winding group 54 belongs. The first winding group 54 is wound in a direction opposite to that of the first teeth 52 to be formed, and the polarities of the first winding groups of the adjacent first teeth 52 are inverted from each other. ing. At this time, the first winding groups 54 for the respective first teeth 52 are connected in series, but may be connected in parallel. Similarly, a first winding group 54 is wound in the same manner on each of the first teeth 52 of the other groups, and each group includes three-phase windings of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase, respectively. Are formed with a phase difference of 120 degrees in electrical angle, and are star-connected. Then, a permanent magnet embedded rotor (not shown) is arranged via a slight gap with the first and second teeth in a rotatable state around the rotation center O. At this time, the permanent magnets (not shown) are arranged so as to face different magnetic field directions from the adjacent magnets, similarly to the first and second embodiments.
[0068]
As in the first embodiment, the number of rotor poles is 10q, the total number of slots formed between first teeth 52 is 9q, and the number of slots formed between second teeth 53 is 9q. Assuming that the total number is 3q (both q is a positive integer), the rotor facing portion angle of the first teeth 52 is θ1 [rad], and the rotor facing portion angle of the second teeth 53 is θ2 [rad]. In this case, the setting is made so as to satisfy the above-mentioned expression (2).
[0069]
Here, the shape of the tip of the first tooth 52 will be described in detail. The circumferential length of the rotor-facing surface is roughly equally divided into three on the surface facing the rotor (not shown) at the tip of the first tooth 52 at the center of each of the groups I, II, and III. In this manner, a substantially rectangular concave portion 56 is formed at a central portion of the opposing surface which is substantially equally divided into three. By forming the concave portion 56 in the first tooth 52, when the first tooth 52 is excited to, for example, the S pole by the first winding group 54 wound around the first tooth 52, the concave portion 56 is apparently formed. Act as if it were an upper N pole. Therefore, the magnetic pole at the tip of the first tooth 52 is apparently subdivided into the S pole, the N pole, and the S pole by the recess 56. Similar recesses are also formed in the first teeth 52 at the center of each of the other groups, and the magnetic poles at the tips of the first teeth are apparently S pole, N pole, and S pole. Is subdivided into Thus, high torque can be generated and torque ripple can be reduced.
[0070]
Note that the number of recesses is not limited to one, and two recesses 58a and 58b may be formed at the tip of the first tooth 57, as shown in FIG. There may be three or more. Further, the shape of the concave portion is not limited to a rectangular shape, and may be, for example, an arc-shaped concave portion 59 as shown in FIG. 7C, or may be a plurality of arc-shaped concave portions. Further, the first teeth 52 in which the concave portions are formed are not limited to those located at the center of each group, and similar concave portions are provided in other first teeth 52 in one group. The configuration may be such that a recess is provided not only at the first tooth but also at the tip of the second tooth.
[0071]
Further, the cutout portion provided at the circumferential end of the first tooth tip in the second embodiment is formed together with the concave portion at the tip of each first tooth 52 of the third embodiment. It is also possible.
[0072]
As described above, according to the third embodiment, one or a plurality of rectangular or arc-shaped concave portions are formed at the distal ends of the first teeth 52 at the central portions of the three groups I, II, and III. By forming the same, high torque can be generated by utilizing reluctance torque in addition to magnet torque as in the first embodiment, and at the same time, torque ripple can be suppressed. Distortion can be suppressed, and therefore, iron loss can be suppressed and demagnetization of the permanent magnet can be suppressed, so that a very efficient motor generator can be realized.
[0073]
With such a configuration, similarly to the first and second embodiments, the first winding group 54 is powered (by applying a voltage) by the high-voltage battery, and the motor generator is driven. , And the second winding group 55 regenerates (generates a voltage) to charge the low-voltage battery.
[0074]
Here, the second winding group 55 is set to have a smaller number of the second teeth 53 wound with the windings than the first winding group 54, but the first winding group 55 Since the output is small as compared with 54, the power generation characteristics can be sufficiently ensured.
[0075]
Further, even when both the first winding group 54 and the second winding group 55 are used for regeneration, even if the generated voltage during regeneration is high in the first winding group 54, In the first winding group 54, the voltage of the high voltage battery of the high voltage system is used as the voltage of the high voltage battery. The line group 55 can be set to the voltage of the low-voltage low-voltage battery. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately provide a motor generator for a low-voltage battery as in the related art, and it is not necessary to separately provide a DC / DC converter in addition to the motor generator.
[0076]
Also, by setting the teeth width of the second teeth 53 around which the second winding group 55 is wound to an appropriate width, when the magnetic flux in the second teeth 53 increases to a certain extent, the magnetic flux amount is increased due to magnetic saturation. Is suppressed, so that the generated voltage generated in the second winding group 55 can be kept low even during high-speed rotation.
[0077]
Further, even at a higher rotation speed, the voltage of the first winding group 54 is suppressed to the allowable voltage of the high voltage battery of the high voltage system by performing the field weakening control in the first winding group 54, The voltage of the second winding group 55 can be suppressed to the allowable voltage of the low-voltage battery.
[0078]
(Embodiment 4)
FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C, and 8D are cross-sectional views showing another example of the shape of the permanent magnet embedded in the rotor core and another example of the rotor core.
[0079]
In the first to third embodiments, the rotor is constituted by the rotor core and the plurality of substantially V-shaped permanent magnets embedded at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in the rotor core, and the stator facing surface of the rotor is the rotor facing surface of the stator. (That is, the rotor opposing surfaces at the respective tips of the first and second teeth) are provided so as to be rotatable around the rotation axis center O with a slight gap.
[0080]
The shape of the permanent magnet is, for example, a linear permanent magnet 61 perpendicular to the radial direction as shown in FIG. 8A, and protruding in a direction opposite to the stator side as shown in FIG. 8B. 8C, or an arc-shaped permanent magnet 64 protruding toward the stator and having a radius equal to or larger than the radius of the rotor core 63 as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 8D, the rotor has a permanent magnet 65 embedded in the rotor core 63 and a permanent magnet 65 substantially opposite to the position of the permanent magnet 65 on the side opposite to the stator (not shown). It may be configured to include a rotor core 63 having a slit 66 having a simple shape and a width smaller than the thickness of the permanent magnet 65.
[0081]
As shown in FIG. 8D, by disposing a slit 66 near the permanent magnet 65, it is difficult for the slit portion 66 to pass magnetic flux, the d-axis inductance is reduced, and the difference from the q-axis inductance is reduced. Is increased, a larger reluctance torque is generated, and the generated torque of the motor can be increased. Also in the case of the rotor core 63 with slits, the shape of the permanent magnet is linear as shown in FIGS. 8 (a) to 8 (c), and arcs protruding in the direction opposite to the stator. Alternatively, the shape may be an arc protruding toward the stator.
[0082]
As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, each tooth of the stator and the first winding group wound therearound are divided into three groups of U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase, and adjacent groups in the same group. And a permanent magnet embedded such that the distance between the stator facing surface and the stator side surface of the rotor is larger at the center portion than at the end portion of the stator side surface. By adopting a rotor configuration, reluctance torque can be utilized in addition to magnet torque, and high torque can be generated. At the same time, distortion of the generated voltage is suppressed, thus reducing iron loss and reducing permanent magnets. Magnetism can also be suppressed, and a very efficient motor generator can be realized.
[0083]
With this configuration, similarly to the first to third embodiments, the first winding group (not shown) is powered by the high-voltage battery (by applying a voltage, ), Drive the motor generator, regenerate (generate voltage) in the second winding group (not shown), and charge the low-voltage battery.
[0084]
At this time, the number of second teeth (not shown) wound around the second winding group is determined by the number of first teeth (not shown) wound around the first winding group. Even if the number is set to be relatively small, the output of the second winding group is smaller than that of the first winding group, so that sufficient power generation characteristics can be secured.
[0085]
Further, even when both the first winding group and the second winding group are used for regeneration, even when the generated voltage during regeneration is high in the first winding group, The second winding group can be set to a lower voltage. For example, the power generation voltage generated at the time of rated rotation is set to the voltage of the high-voltage high-voltage battery in the first winding group, and The winding group can be set to the voltage of the low-voltage low-voltage battery. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately provide a motor generator for a low-voltage battery as in the related art, and it is not necessary to separately provide a DC / DC converter in addition to the motor generator.
[0086]
In addition, by setting the teeth width of the second teeth on which the second winding group is wound to an appropriate width, when the magnetic flux in the second teeth increases to a certain extent, the magnetic flux amount is increased due to magnetic saturation. Is suppressed, so that the generated voltage generated in the second winding group can be kept low even during high-speed rotation.
[0087]
Further, even at a higher rotation speed, the field weakening control is performed in the first winding group to suppress the voltage of the first winding group to an allowable voltage of a high-voltage high-voltage battery. It is also possible to suppress the voltage of the second winding group to the allowable voltage of the low-voltage battery.
[0088]
(Embodiment 5)
Further, in the above-described first to third embodiments, the so-called inner rotor type motor generator having a structure in which the rotor is inside the stator is described. However, the so-called outer rotor type motor generator in which the rotor is outside the stator is described. Needless to say, the structure may be used. Hereinafter, the permanent magnet embedded outer rotor type motor generator will be described with reference to FIG.
[0089]
In FIG. 9, the stator includes nine first teeth 112 on which a first winding group 114 is wound, and the first teeth 112 are grouped into groups of three, and a total of three teeth are formed in the entire stator. Two groups are formed. As in the first to third embodiments, the U-phase voltage is applied to one group, the V-phase voltage is applied to the second group, and the third group is applied to each group. A W-phase voltage is applied to the group, and the winding direction of the first winding group 114 wound around the first teeth 112 in each group is such that adjacent ones are wound in opposite directions. It is configured to be. Further, between each group, a second tooth 113 formed by winding a second winding group 115 is formed, arranged at a phase difference of 120 degrees in electrical angle, and star-connected.
[0090]
A rotor core in which a permanent magnet 117 having a substantially V-shape is embedded radially outside the stator with a slight gap from each of the distal ends of the first and second teeth 112 and 113 in the stator. 116 is provided, and is disposed so as to be freely rotatable around the rotation center O.
[0091]
When the outer rotor type motor generator having such a configuration is used, similarly to the first to third embodiments, the first winding group 114 is powered by a high-voltage battery (by applying a voltage, ), It is also possible to drive the motor generator, regenerate (generate a voltage) in the second winding group 115, and charge the low-voltage battery.
[0092]
At this time, even if the number of the second teeth 113 around which the second winding group 115 is wound is set smaller than the number of the first teeth 112 around which the first winding group 114 is wound. Since the output of the second winding group 115 is smaller than that of the first winding group 114, the power generation characteristics can be sufficiently ensured.
[0093]
Further, even when both the first winding group 114 and the second winding group 115 are used for regeneration, even if the generated voltage during regeneration is high in the first winding group 114, In the first winding group 114, for example, the voltage of the high voltage battery of the high voltage system is used as the voltage of the high voltage battery, The line group 115 can be set to the voltage of the low-voltage low-voltage battery. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately provide a motor generator for a low-voltage battery as in the related art, and it is not necessary to separately provide a DC / DC converter in addition to the motor generator.
[0094]
Also, by setting the teeth width of the second teeth 113 on which the second winding group 115 is wound to an appropriate width, when the magnetic flux in the second teeth 113 increases to a certain extent, the magnetic flux amount is increased due to magnetic saturation. Therefore, the generated voltage generated in the second winding group 115 can be kept low even during high-speed rotation.
[0095]
Furthermore, even at higher rotation speeds, the field of the first winding group 114 is subjected to field weakening control to suppress the voltage of the first winding group 114 to the allowable voltage of the high-voltage high-voltage battery. The voltage of the second winding group 115 can be suppressed to the allowable voltage of the low-voltage battery.
[0096]
In addition, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which a cutout portion similar to that described in the second embodiment is provided at the circumferential end of the distal end of the first tooth 112, and the above-described embodiment is provided at the distal end. It is also possible to provide a recess similar to that described in the third embodiment. Further, the rotor may be provided with a permanent magnet having a shape such as a straight line or an arc as described in the fourth embodiment.
[0097]
(Embodiment 6)
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a hybrid vehicle equipped with a motor generator having two types of windings having mechanically and electrically independent structures according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
[0098]
In FIG. 10, reference numeral 8 denotes an engine, and 110 denotes an electric motor, which transmits the power of the engine 8, the electric motor 110, or both the engine 8 and the electric motor 110 to the tire via the power switching mechanism 10. The electric motor 110 is a motor having two independent windings, and the motor generators described in the first to fifth embodiments can be used as the motor. Of the two types of windings that are mechanically and electrically independent, the end of one winding is connected to the high-voltage battery 70 via the power converter 121, and the other end of the other winding. Is connected to the low-voltage battery 90 via the power converter 122, but since the two types of windings are mechanically and electrically independent due to the structure of the motor, insulation can be easily ensured.
[0099]
One of the windings is connected to the high-voltage battery 70, and the vehicle is driven by power from the winding. The other winding is connected to the low voltage battery 90 and controls the low voltage battery 70 as a generator for charging.
[0100]
By connecting in this manner, it is possible to charge the low-voltage battery 90 even while the vehicle is running with the motor, and the low-voltage battery 90 can be charged without preparing separate components such as an alternator and a DC-DC converter. It becomes possible to charge, which can contribute to low cost and space saving.
[0101]
Further, as in the conventional configuration shown in FIG. 17, in a system for charging the low-voltage battery 90 from the high-voltage battery 70 via the DC-DC converter 100, if the high-voltage battery 70 fails for any reason, Depending on the load condition of the low-voltage battery 90, the low-voltage battery 90 may be discharged and the vehicle may not be able to run. However, according to the sixth embodiment, since the high voltage system and the low voltage system are independent, even if a failure occurs in the high voltage system, a low voltage can be supplied stably. It will also have a function as a backup.
[0102]
FIG. 10 has been described in the form of two mechanically and electrically independent windings (two types), but FIG. 11 shows the case of three mechanically and electrically independent windings (three types). FIG. In FIG. 10, 90 is a 12V power supply, 130 is a 42V power supply, and 70 is a 240V power supply. In a vehicle equipped with a plurality of different power supplies, the highest voltage 240V is used as a motor for driving the vehicle. A power supply, 42V, is a power supply for a load having relatively high power consumption such as an air conditioner and a power steering, and a 12V is a power supply for a load having relatively low power consumption, such as a lamp and an audio. By setting the power supply according to the load capacity, each device can be used in an area where the efficiency of the device is high, and the size and weight of the device can be reduced.
[0103]
If a dedicated generator is mounted on each power supply, the mounting space and weight of the generator increase, and the advantage of having various power supply voltages is lost. However, according to the sixth embodiment, it is not necessary to separately secure a space for the generator, and it is possible to individually control the charging of the 12 V system, the 42 V system, and the 240 V.
[0104]
Here, two of the three mechanically and electrically independent windings are connected to two types of teeth provided on the stator in the same manner as in the configuration of the motor having the two types of windings described above. Winding is performed, and the remaining one winding is wound around one of the two mechanically and electrically independent windings.
[0105]
(Embodiment 7)
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a hybrid vehicle equipped with a motor generator according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
[0106]
In FIG. 12, reference numeral 8 denotes an engine, and 110 denotes an electric motor, which transmits power of the engine 8 or the electric motor 110 or both of the engine 8 and the electric motor 110 to the tire via the power switching mechanism 10. The electric motor 110 is a motor having two independent windings. As the motor, the motor generators described in the first to fourth embodiments can be used. The end of one of the two independent windings is connected to the high-voltage battery 70 via the power converter 126. The other end of the winding is connected to the low-voltage battery 90 via the power converter 127.
[0107]
In the system according to the seventh embodiment configured as shown in FIG. 12, each power conversion device is configured by an inverter. As shown in FIG. 13, the present system includes inverters 141 and 142 formed of switching elements, gate drive circuits 151 and 152 for driving the switching elements of the inverter, a control unit 160 for controlling the inverter, and a motor current. It includes current detection sensors 171 and 172 for detecting, a position detection sensor 180 for detecting a magnetic pole position of the motor, and a power supply unit 190.
[0108]
A command to the motor is input from the input / output interface 200, and the current flowing in the motor and the magnetic pole position of the motor are input to the control unit 160 from the current detection sensors 171 and 172 and the position detection sensor 180, and in accordance with each of the above sensor inputs The control unit 160 performs an operation for controlling the motor in accordance with the above command, and the result is controlled via the gate drive circuits 151 and 152 by driving the switching elements forming the inverters 141 and 142 to control the motor. . If the control unit 160 is constituted by a microprocessor, the control unit 160, the magnetic pole position sensor 180, and the power supply unit 190 are shared as shown in FIG. Thus, the number of components can be reduced as compared with the case where two motors are independently controlled, which contributes to cost reduction and size reduction.
[0109]
(Embodiment 8)
Hereinafter, an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described. The following description is based on the premise of the system configurations of the sixth and seventh embodiments described above.
[0110]
The generated voltage generated by the motor is generated according to the number of rotations of the motor. For example, if a voltage of 10 V is generated at 1000 r / min and a voltage of the motor is generated, a voltage of 100 V is generated at 10,000 r / min. The main motor for driving the vehicle, that is, the winding for high voltage, must be rotated to nearly 10,000 r / min in order to ensure high-speed performance of the vehicle. On the other hand, it is necessary to control the low-voltage winding generator to have a constant voltage, for example, 14V. Therefore, a low-voltage winding is designed so as to generate a rated voltage of 14 V at 10,000 r / min, and the power converter is constituted by an inverter. Then, at a rotation speed lower than 10,000 r / min, only a generated voltage of 14 V or less is generated. Therefore, a constant voltage of 14 V is secured by controlling the inverter in the boost mode. FIG. 14 shows a configuration diagram of an example in which the power changing device is configured by an inverter.
[0111]
With the configuration described above, three switching elements of the inverter conventionally required six can be configured, which can contribute to a reduction in the number of parts, a reduction in cost, and a reduction in size.
[0112]
(Embodiment 9)
Hereinafter, a ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described. The following description is based on the premise of the system configurations of the sixth and seventh embodiments described above.
[0113]
The generated voltage generated by the motor is generated according to the number of rotations of the motor. For example, if a voltage of 10 V is generated at 1000 r / min and a voltage of the motor is generated, a voltage of 100 V is generated at 10,000 r / min. The main motor for driving the vehicle, that is, the winding for high voltage, must be rotated to nearly 10,000 r / min in order to ensure high-speed performance of the vehicle. On the other hand, it is necessary to control the low-voltage winding generator to have a constant voltage, for example, 14V. However, if the low-voltage winding is designed so that 10 V is generated at 1000 r / min in a rotational speed varying from about 0 to 10000 r / min, a voltage of 0 V to 100 V is generated and the voltage is controlled to a constant voltage of 14 V. There is a need to. In order to control to a constant voltage, the smaller the dynamic range of the generated voltage, the better the controllability. Therefore, the winding is designed so that a rated voltage of 14 V is generated at approximately half the number of revolutions of 5000 r / min, and the power converter is constituted by an inverter.
[0114]
Weak field control is performed in the rotation range exceeding the rated voltage, and strong field control is performed in the rotation range below the rated voltage. By switching the control state in this manner, in the range where the generated voltage is lower than the rated voltage, the generated voltage is increased by performing stronger field, and in the range where the generated voltage is higher than the rated voltage, the generated field is reduced by lowering the generated voltage. By lowering the control, the dynamic range is apparently reduced to half and the controllability is improved.
[0115]
Here, a method of performing field control using an inverter to control the generated voltage has been described. However, a current is applied to the control winding to change the magnetic resistance from the magnet, and as a result, a voltage is generated in the second winding. Even if the voltage is controlled, a similar effect can be obtained.
[0116]
(Embodiment 10)
Hereinafter, a tenth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In FIG. 15, reference numeral 4 denotes a first winding group, which is connected to the high-voltage battery 70 via the power converter 30. Reference numeral 5 denotes a second winding group connected to the low-voltage battery 90 via the rectifier 300.
[0117]
The first winding group 4 is operated as a motor (power running), the second winding group 5 is operated as a generator (regeneration), and the first winding group 4 is controlled so that the voltage of the low-voltage battery 90 becomes constant. By controlling the power and adjusting the number of rotations of the motor, it is possible to control the voltage to be constant regardless of the load condition of the low-voltage battery 90.
[0118]
In addition, since the motor can be rotated (powered) by the first winding group 4 and the generated power can be controlled by using the energy of the rotation, it is possible to provide a motor generator which can be reduced in size as it is rotated at a higher speed. Can be.
[0119]
It should be noted that the motor generators of the first to tenth embodiments may be a vehicle such as a pure electric vehicle (PEV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a hybrid electric vehicle (FCV), or a fuel cell vehicle (FCEV). The use as a drive motor eliminates the need to provide two types of motor generators, a high-voltage system and a low-voltage system, and a separate DC-DC converter as in the past, so that a space-saving and low-cost electric vehicle drive can be used. It is possible to provide an electric vehicle that can be used as a system and that can use the interior of the vehicle more widely at low cost.
[0120]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the motor generator of the present invention includes the first tooth and the second tooth on which the first winding group and the second winding group, which are electrically and mechanically independent from each other, are respectively wound. And a rotor in which a plurality of permanent magnets are embedded in a rotor core. The plurality of first teeth formed by winding the first winding group are divided into a plurality of groups in the entire stator as one group. In the same group, the winding directions of the windings of the adjacent first teeth are opposite to each other. The second winding group wound around the second teeth has a winding specification different from that of the first winding group, so that the power generation voltage during regeneration is higher in the first winding group. Even in the case of voltage, the second winding group can be set to a lower voltage. For example, the generated voltage generated at the time of rated rotation is set to the voltage of a high-voltage high-voltage battery in the first winding group. In the second winding group, the voltage of the low-voltage system low-voltage battery can be set. Therefore, it is necessary to provide two motor generators for the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery. There is no need to provide a configuration having a separate converter, and a space-saving and low-cost drive system can be provided.
[0121]
It is also possible to charge the low-voltage battery by powering the first winding group by the high-voltage battery, driving the motor generator, and regenerating by the second winding group.
[0122]
Here, the number of the second teeth wound around the second winding group is set smaller than the number of the first teeth wound around the first winding group. Since the output of the winding group is smaller than that of the first winding group, sufficient power generation characteristics can be secured.
[0123]
Also, by selectively optimizing the combination of the number of the first teeth wound around the first winding group and the number of magnetic poles of the rotor, the first teeth wound around the first winding group can be obtained. The gap between the groups constituted by the above can be made large, and the teeth width of the second teeth on which the second winding is wound can be increased, or the number of the second teeth can be increased. With such a configuration, it is possible to extract a large amount of power in the second winding group.
[0124]
Further, by setting the teeth width of the second teeth on which the second winding group is wound to an appropriate width, it is possible to suppress the generated voltage generated in the second winding group even during high-speed rotation. .
[0125]
Further, even at a higher rotation speed, the field weakening control is performed in the first winding group, so that the voltage of the first winding group is suppressed to the allowable voltage of the high voltage battery of the high voltage system. The voltage of the winding group can be suppressed to the allowable voltage of the low-voltage battery.
[0126]
Furthermore, in the group having a plurality of first teeth wound with the first winding group, the first teeth adjacent to each other are generated as a high torque as a permanent magnet embedded type concentrated winding motor. Have different polarities, the bias of the magnetic field distribution can be reduced, the distortion of the voltage generated between the terminals when the motor is driven can be suppressed, and the iron loss can be reduced. Further, heat generation due to eddy currents in the permanent magnet is reduced, demagnetization of the permanent magnet can be suppressed, and a highly efficient motor generator can be provided.
[0127]
Also, the motor generator of the present invention has a configuration having two or more mechanically and electrically independent winding groups, and at least two of the independent power conversion devices each include a control unit and a magnetic pole. By sharing the position detection sensor and the power supply unit and using an inverter for the power converter, parts can be shared, which contributes to cost reduction and size reduction.
[0128]
In addition, by designing the generated voltage of the low-voltage winding to generate the rated voltage at a high speed, the inverter can be configured in the boost mode, the number of switching elements can be reduced by half, and the cost and size can be reduced. Can contribute.
[0129]
Also, by designing the generated voltage of the low-voltage winding to generate the rated voltage at approximately half of the maximum rotation speed, the range of control by switching between weak field and strong field is apparently in the upper half. It is easy to control the generated voltage to a constant value, which can contribute to improvement in controllability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part for describing a main part of a motor generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic development view for explaining a winding direction of a winding in the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a connection diagram showing a connection state between respective winding groups in the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part of a motor generator showing an example of a combination of the number of teeth.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part for describing a main part of a motor generator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view for explaining a stator core in the embodiment.
FIG. 7A is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a stator core according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
(B) is a partial view showing an example of a method of forming a concave portion in the embodiment.
(C) is a partial view showing an example of the shape of the concave portion in the embodiment.
FIG. 8A is a schematic sectional view of a rotor for explaining an example of a shape of a permanent magnet according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
(B) is a schematic sectional view of the rotor for explaining another shape of the permanent magnet in the embodiment.
(C) is a schematic sectional view of a rotor for explaining still another shape of the permanent magnet in the embodiment.
(D) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the rotor showing an example of the shape of the rotor core in the embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a main part for describing an outer rotor type motor generator according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a hybrid vehicle according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an exemplary diagram showing a configuration of another hybrid vehicle according to the embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a hybrid vehicle according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a power converter according to the embodiment.
FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a power conversion device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a connection state of each winding group according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a conventional hybrid vehicle equipped with a motor generator.
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a conventional hybrid vehicle equipped with a motor generator and a DC-DC converter.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Stator core
2 First teeth
3 Second teeth
4 First winding group
5 Second winding group
6 rotor core
7 permanent magnet
21 Arrow indicating the winding direction of the first winding group
22 Arrow indicating the winding direction of another first winding group
41 Teeth tip
42 Face of rotor facing stator
43 Resection
44 Resection
56 rectangular recess at the tip of the first tooth
59 Arc-shaped recess at the tip of the first tooth
66 slit
8 Engine
10 Power switching mechanism
70 High voltage battery (240V)
90 Low voltage battery (12V)
110 Motor generator
121-127 power converter
130 High voltage battery (42V)
141, 142 Inverter
151, 152 Gate drive circuit
160 control unit
171, 172 Current detection sensor
180 Magnetic pole position detection sensor
190 power supply
200 I / O interface
300 rectifier

Claims (29)

A rotor holding a plurality of permanent magnets, a stator having a plurality of teeth,
A motor generator comprising two or more winding groups that are separately wound around the plurality of teeth and have a configuration that is mechanically and electrically independent from each other. The plurality of teeth are divided into a first tooth and a second tooth, and the winding group is divided into a first winding group and a second winding group. A plurality of groups each including a plurality of the first teeth formed by winding a group are provided in the entire stator, and the plurality of first teeth in the same group are applied with a first winding in which an in-phase voltage is applied. The wire groups are wound so that the winding directions of the wire groups are opposite to each other, and different voltages are applied to the plurality of adjacent groups, respectively. 2. The motor generator according to claim 1, wherein the second teeth formed by winding the second winding group are arranged. 3. 3. The motor according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of groups are each configured of n (where n ≧ 2 is an integer) first teeth wound by a first winding group. 4. generator. The number of poles of the rotor is p, the total number of the first teeth is t, and the number of winding sets in which one set of a three-phase U, V, W first winding group is s (where, p, t, and s are all positive integers)
p = 2 × s × (± 1 + 3 × k) and p> t (however, an integer of k ≧ 0)
The motor generator according to claim 2, wherein the motor generator has a configuration satisfying the following relationship. In each group constituted by the first teeth wound around the first winding group, one or more recesses are provided at the tip of one or more first teeth in the group. The motor generator according to claim 2, wherein: The motor generator according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein one or more concave portions are provided at a tip portion of the second tooth around which the second winding group is wound. 7. The motor generator according to claim 5, wherein the shape of the recess is a rectangle or an arc. Between the group constituted by the plurality of first teeth wound around the first winding group, there are a plurality of the second teeth wound around the second winding group. The motor generator according to claim 2, wherein the motor generator is provided. The plurality of second teeth are provided at intervals corresponding to the magnetic pole pitch of the rotor between groups formed by the plurality of first teeth wound around the first winding group. The motor generator according to claim 8, wherein: The plurality of second teeth wound with the second winding group are disposed between groups formed by the plurality of first teeth wound with the first winding group. 9. The motor generator according to claim 8, wherein the motor generator is arranged at intervals. In the vicinity of the circumferential end of each of the plurality of first teeth constituting the stator, which faces the stator facing surface of the rotor, a cutout is formed so as to be separated from the stator facing surface of the rotor. The motor generator according to claim 2, wherein the motor generator is provided. The number of rotor poles is 10q poles, the total number of slots formed between the first teeth is 9q, and the total number of slots formed between the second teeth is 3q (in each case, q = A positive integer), when the rotor facing portion angle of the first teeth is θ1 [rad] and the rotor facing portion angle of the second teeth is θ2 [rad],
π / 10q <θ1 <π / 5q and π / 45q <θ2 <π / 10q
The motor generator according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the following relationship is satisfied. A total of 3n groups (where n is a positive integer) of the entire stator are constituted by n groups of the first teeth formed by winding the first winding group, and The motor generator according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the number of the second teeth formed by winding the second winding group is 3m. A group composed of m pieces of the second teeth obtained by winding the second winding group is formed in a total of 3 m pieces (where m is a positive integer) in the entire stator. The motor generator according to claim 13, wherein: The motor generator according to claim 1, wherein the rotor has a configuration in which a plurality of permanent magnets are embedded. The motor generator according to claim 1, wherein the rotor has a configuration in which a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged on a surface. The rotor has a plurality of permanent magnets and a plurality of slits having substantially the same shape as the permanent magnets, and a plurality of slits having a width smaller than the thickness of the permanent magnets are on the side opposite to the stator side of the plurality of permanent magnets. The motor generator according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the motor generator is configured to include a rotor core provided in the motor generator. In the rotor including the plurality of permanent magnets, the distance between the stator-side surface of each permanent magnet and the stator facing surface of the rotor is greater at the center than at the ends of the plurality of permanent magnets. The motor generator according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the motor generator has a large shape. 19. The motor generator according to claim 18, wherein the shape of the plurality of permanent magnets constituting the rotor is substantially V-shaped protruding in a direction opposite to the side of the rotor facing the stator. 19. The motor generator according to claim 18, wherein the shape of the plurality of permanent magnets constituting the rotor is a straight line perpendicular to the radial direction of the rotor. 19. The motor generator according to claim 18, wherein the shape of the plurality of permanent magnets forming the rotor is an arc shape protruding in a direction opposite to a side of the rotor facing the stator. The shape of the plurality of permanent magnets constituting the rotor is an arc shape having a radius larger than the radius of the rotor and protruding toward the stator facing surface of the rotor. Motor generator. 2. The motor generator according to claim 1, wherein the output terminals of the two or more winding groups are connected to a power supply and an electric load having different potentials via independent power converters. 3. A motor generator having the two or more winding groups,
At least two power converters among the independent power converters each include an inverter configured with a switching element, a gate drive circuit that drives a switching element of the inverter, a control unit that controls the inverter, and a motor current. A current detection sensor for detecting, a magnetic pole position detection sensor for detecting a magnetic pole position of the motor, and a power supply unit,
24. The motor generator according to claim 23, wherein the at least two power converters share the control unit, the magnetic pole position detection sensor, and the power supply unit. A motor generator having the two or more winding groups,
For at least one winding group, a power generation device that sets a generated voltage generated at an output terminal of the winding group to be a rated voltage at a maximum rotation, and is connected to an output terminal of each winding. 24. The motor generator according to claim 23, wherein the motor generator is driven in a step-up mode. A motor generator having the two or more winding groups,
For at least one winding group, the generated voltage generated at the output terminal of the winding group is set to be the rated voltage when the rotation speed is substantially half of the maximum rotation speed, and the output terminal of each winding is set. 25. The motor generator according to claim 23, wherein the power converter connected to the motor generator is driven by switching between a weak field and a strong field. A motor generator having the two or more winding groups,
24. The motor generator according to claim 23, wherein a generated voltage generated at an output terminal of at least one winding group is controlled by a control winding wound around a magnetic path forming unit from a permanent magnet. A motor generator having the two or more winding groups,
The voltage applied to at least one winding group is adjusted to control the number of revolutions of the motor, and the generated voltage generated at the output terminal of another winding group is controlled according to the result. A motor generator according to claim 23. An electric vehicle comprising the motor generator according to any one of claims 1 to 28 as an electric motor for power generation.

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