WO2022227735A1 - 电子设备及通信系统 - Google Patents

电子设备及通信系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022227735A1
WO2022227735A1 PCT/CN2022/073571 CN2022073571W WO2022227735A1 WO 2022227735 A1 WO2022227735 A1 WO 2022227735A1 CN 2022073571 W CN2022073571 W CN 2022073571W WO 2022227735 A1 WO2022227735 A1 WO 2022227735A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
noise
noise suppression
metal
electronic device
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PCT/CN2022/073571
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
殷明
时龙飞
陈嘉琪
杨婧
高琦
司珂瑜
Original Assignee
荣耀终端有限公司
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Publication of WO2022227735A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022227735A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/526—Electromagnetic shields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to an electronic device and a communication system.
  • a variety of communication components such as high-speed signal lines, chips, etc., are arranged on the main board of an electronic device with communication functions. These communication elements radiate noise signals during operation, affecting the reception sensitivity of wireless fidelity (WiFi) antennas or Bluetooth antennas on electronic devices.
  • WiFi wireless fidelity
  • Bluetooth Bluetooth
  • an image information transmission (v-by-one, VBO) signal line on the motherboard will radiate a noise signal with a frequency of 2.4 GHz to the outside during the signal transmission process.
  • This noise signal is the same as the transmission frequency of the WiFi antenna and the Bluetooth antenna, which will affect the receiving sensitivity of the WiFi antenna and the Bluetooth antenna.
  • the noise signal can be radiated by the metal heat sink. When the noise signal is radiated near the antenna port, the sensitivity of the WiFi antenna and the Bluetooth antenna will be significantly reduced.
  • noise suppression components such as shields can be placed above or around the electrical components that can generate noise.
  • the noise suppression component can receive the noise signal radiated by the electrical components and divert the received common mode noise signal to the ground component, thereby reducing the noise signal radiated to the antenna.
  • the suppression component needs to cover each electrical component that can generate noise signals, or cover the entire main board, in order to effectively suppress the noise signal radiated to the antenna, which will lead to noise
  • the suppressor assembly is bulky and occupies a large amount of internal space of the electronic device.
  • the present application provides an electronic device and a communication system, which can suppress the radiation of noise signals in the electronic device to an antenna port, and reduce the occupation of the internal space of the electronic device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including: a mounting board, a main board, an antenna, and a noise suppression board.
  • the main board is provided with electrical components such as chips for processing data and signals.
  • the electrical components on the motherboard will also generate electromagnetic waves during operation, and the generated electromagnetic waves will radiate outward from the components or the motherboard to form noise electromagnetic waves.
  • Antennas are used to send and receive electromagnetic wave signals, that is, to sense electromagnetic waves in the environment to receive signals.
  • Antennas are also used to radiate electromagnetic wave signals outward to transmit signals.
  • the main board, the antenna and the noise suppression board are all arranged on the mounting board, that is, the mounting board is used for carrying the main board, the antenna, the noise suppression board and other functional components.
  • the noise suppression board is located between the main board and the antenna, and is used for suppressing the radiation of noise electromagnetic waves generated on the main board to the antenna position and improving the sensitivity of the antenna.
  • the noise suppression plate includes a dielectric part and a metal part, and the dielectric part and the metal part can be made of materials with different conductive properties. That is, the dielectric part can be made of non-metal or other insulating materials, and the metal part can be made of metal or other conductor materials.
  • the frequency selective surface can be formed on the noise suppression plate by combining the dielectric portion and the metal portion in a specific shape and arrangement. When the noise electromagnetic wave is incident on the frequency selective surface, the electrons of the metal part can oscillate under the action of the electric field force, thereby generating an induced current in the metal part. Depending on the location and shape of the arrangement, a particular form of parasitic inductance and/or parasitic capacitance can be created on the frequency selective surface, so that the frequency selective surface has a particular resonant frequency.
  • the noise electromagnetic wave at the resonant frequency When the noise electromagnetic wave at the resonant frequency is incident, most of the energy in the noise electromagnetic wave will be converted into an induced current, and the induced current will form a radiation field, which is equivalent to reflecting the noise electromagnetic wave back to prevent the noise electromagnetic wave from radiating to the antenna. That is, by arranging a noise suppression board between the main board and the antenna, a band-stop filter structure can be formed between the main board and the antenna, so that the frequency selective surface can suppress the noise electromagnetic wave radiated from the main board to the antenna, and reduce the noise electromagnetic wave signal to the antenna. The interference of the signal sending and receiving process improves the sensitivity of the antenna. In addition, since the noise suppression board occupies a smaller space relative to noise suppression components such as shields, the noise suppression board can reduce the occupation of the internal space of the electronic device by suppressing the noise signal, which is beneficial to other electrical components in the electronic device. layout design.
  • the metal portion is embedded in the dielectric portion in a C-shape to form a frequency selective surface.
  • the noise suppression plate can be formed into a base plate through the dielectric part first, and then formed into a C-shaped metal branch on the dielectric part through the metal part to form a frequency selective surface.
  • the metal part of the C-shaped structure can induce current when the electromagnetic wave is incident, and generate parasitic capacitance on the noise suppression plate, especially at the opening of the C-shaped structure, so as to consume the energy of the noise electromagnetic wave and form a radiation field to prevent noise. Electromagnetic waves pass through.
  • the dielectric part is provided with a plurality of metal parts, the multiple metal parts may be arranged on the dielectric part according to a specific arrangement, and each metal part is a rectangular frame structure with an opening at one end.
  • the C-shaped metal branch of the open rectangular frame structure can form a capacitive structure at the opening and also form a capacitive structure between adjacent metal parts, so it helps to generate parasitic capacitance on the frequency selective surface, which can be more Consume the energy in the electromagnetic wave and improve the noise suppression effect.
  • the dielectric part is provided with two metal parts, and the two metal parts are mutually nested with a fixed point on the dielectric part as the center; the opening directions of the rectangular frames of the two metal parts are opposite. That is, two C-shaped metal parts can be arranged in the dielectric part, one metal part is arranged on the outer ring, and the other metal part is arranged in the range surrounded by the metal part of the outer ring, that is, it is arranged on the inner ring.
  • the facing area between the metal parts can be increased, a larger parasitic capacitance can be generated, and the noise suppression effect can be improved.
  • the electromagnetic induction effect at the opening can be improved, and a balanced suppression effect can be formed everywhere.
  • the opening width of the rectangular frame of the metal part is 4-5 mm
  • the length of the rectangular frame of the metal part located on the outer ring is 35-45 mm
  • the length of the rectangular frame of the metal part located on the inner ring is 15-25 mm
  • the rectangular frame of the metal part is 15-25 mm long.
  • the width is 0.1-1mm.
  • a rectangular dielectric portion with a side length of more than 40 mm can be used, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric portion is 3.4-3.6.
  • the disposition positions of the metal part and the dielectric part can be interchanged. That is, for the noise suppression plate, the metal part may be formed into a substrate structure, and then the dielectric part may be formed into a C-shaped structure and embedded in the metal part. By exchanging the metal part and the dielectric part, different forms of frequency selective surfaces can be formed to generate different parasitic capacitances or parasitic inductances, thereby suppressing noise electromagnetic waves of different frequencies.
  • the metal part is embedded in the dielectric part in a cross shape; or, the metal part is embedded in the dielectric part in an I-shaped shape.
  • the metal part can also be set to a cross-shaped structure or an I-shaped structure. Different structures can correspondingly form different frequency selective surfaces, as well as generate parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance. Therefore, the resonant frequency of the frequency selective surface can be adjusted through metal parts of different shapes, thereby suppressing noise electromagnetic waves of different frequencies.
  • the positions of the metal part and the dielectric part can be interchanged. That is, in order to suppress noise electromagnetic waves of different frequencies, the dielectric part may be embedded in the metal part in a cross shape, or the dielectric part may be embedded in the metal part in an I-shaped shape to form a frequency selective surface.
  • the noise suppression plate includes multiple metal parts and/or multiple dielectric parts.
  • the plurality of metal parts and/or the plurality of dielectric parts are a combination of one or more of a C-shaped structure, a cross-shaped structure and an I-shaped structure. That is, a plurality of metal parts or dielectric parts of the same shape or different shapes may be provided on the noise suppression plate.
  • providing a plurality of metal parts or dielectric parts can increase the area of the frequency selective surface and improve the noise suppression effect.
  • the metal parts or dielectric parts of different shapes can suppress noise electromagnetic waves of different frequencies, the noise suppression plate can simultaneously suppress the passage of noise electromagnetic waves of multiple frequencies.
  • the distance between the plurality of metal parts or dielectric parts can be set, so that there can be interaction between the plurality of metal parts or dielectric parts, so as to improve the effect of suppressing noise electromagnetic waves.
  • the noise suppression plate is arranged at an electromagnetic extreme point position between the main board and the antenna.
  • a plurality of electrical components are arranged on the main board, and the plurality of electrical components can radiate noise electromagnetic waves to the outside.
  • an electromagnetic extreme point can be formed at a specific position in the space, and the radiated noise electromagnetic wave energy is greater at the position of the electromagnetic extreme point. Therefore, the noise suppression board can be set At the position of the electromagnetic extreme point, more noise electromagnetic waves are suppressed and the noise electromagnetic waves are prevented from being transmitted to the antenna position.
  • multiple noise suppression boards may also be provided between the main board and the antenna, and the multiple noise suppression boards are respectively set at one or more electromagnetic extremum points.
  • the point position that is, one or more noise suppression boards can be set at each electromagnetic extreme point position, so as to suppress the noise electromagnetic wave radiated by the main board through the multiple noise suppression boards, and reduce the noise electromagnetic wave energy radiated to the antenna position.
  • the metal parts or the dielectric parts on the multiple noise suppression boards are a combination of one or more of a C-shaped structure, a cross-shaped structure and an I-shaped structure, that is, the multiple electromagnetic extremum points are arranged on multiple electromagnetic extreme points.
  • the noise suppression plates may have the same shape or different shapes. When the shapes of the multiple noise suppression plates are the same, the noise electromagnetic waves at multiple positions can be suppressed, and the noise electromagnetic wave energy radiated to the antenna can be reduced.
  • the metal parts on the plurality of noise suppressing plates have different shapes, noise electromagnetic waves of different frequencies can be suppressed by the different shapes of the metal parts or the dielectric parts, so that a frequency selective surface for blocking noise electromagnetic waves of multiple frequencies can be formed.
  • a heat-dissipating metal sheet is provided on the motherboard.
  • the heat-dissipating metal sheet may be arranged above, below or near the electrical components such as the chip, and is used to carry the heat-dissipating function of the electrical components such as the chip.
  • the mounting plate is further provided with a shielding area, and the noise suppression plate is arranged within the range covered by the shielding area.
  • the noise suppression board can only suppress the noise electromagnetic waves radiated by the main board, and will not suppress the electromagnetic waves sent or received by the antenna. That is, the noise suppression board will not occupy the clearance area of the antenna, thereby reducing the influence of the noise suppression board on the normal communication function of the antenna.
  • the antenna of the above electronic device can be a WiFi antenna or a Bluetooth antenna, which can be used to send and receive electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 2.4GHz, and electrical components such as signal lines set on the motherboard. These electrical components transmit the WiFi antenna or the Bluetooth antenna corresponding to the transmission frequency.
  • the surface shape can be selected by setting the frequency of the noise suppression board to suppress the common mode noise generated by the main board.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication system, including a signal transmitter and a receiver.
  • the sending end and the receiving end establish a communication connection
  • the sending end and/or the receiving end include the electronic device described in the first aspect. Since the electronic equipment includes a noise suppression board, and the noise suppression board with a small volume suppresses the noise electromagnetic waves radiated from the main board to the position of the antenna, the overall volume of the electronic equipment can be thinner and lighter, which is beneficial to simplify the scale of the communication system and improve the signal transmission sensitivity .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a noise suppression plate including a C-shaped structure metal portion in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a noise suppression plate including a plurality of C-shaped structural metal parts in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a noise suppression plate including a C-shaped structure dielectric part in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a noise suppression plate including a metal part with a cross-shaped structure according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a noise suppression plate including a cross-shaped structure dielectric part in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a noise suppression plate including an I-shaped structure metal portion in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a noise suppression plate including an I-shaped structure dielectric part in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a noise suppression plate including a plurality of metal parts with different structures in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the setting position of the noise suppression plate in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is an effect diagram of noise intensity suppression in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the setting positions of noise suppression boards for two antennas in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the noise suppression plate for two antennas with different transmission frequencies in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device with a motherboard with a heat-dissipating metal sheet in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the shielding area on the mounting board in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system in an embodiment of the present application.
  • 1-mainboard 11-chip; 12-heat dissipation metal sheet; 2-antenna; 3-noise suppression plate; 31-metal part; 32-dielectric part; 4-installation board; 5-shield area.
  • the electronic device refers to a device with a signal transceiving function and a data processing function, including but not limited to a smart phone, a smart TV, a network device, and other devices with a communication function.
  • Electronic devices can receive and transmit electromagnetic wave signals based on specific communication methods to realize wireless communication.
  • the electronic device may perform wireless communication based on a wireless local area network (wireless fidelity, WiFi) transmission protocol and a Bluetooth (bluetooth) transmission protocol.
  • the electronic device can also process the received or sent signals through the built-in signal processing circuit and data processing module, so as to transmit specific data between multiple electronic devices through electromagnetic wave signals.
  • the electronic device may include a communication function component and a data processing function component.
  • the data processing functional components may include chips, data lines and other electrical components related to the data processing functions. These electrical components can be uniformly arranged on one circuit board, namely the main board 1 .
  • Various functional modules capable of data or signal processing can be formed through a plurality of electrical components provided on the mainboard 1 so as to process the signals in the mainboard 1 to obtain specific transmitted data or send data to be transmitted.
  • the communication function component may include electrical components related to the communication function, such as the antenna 2, signal lines, and the like.
  • the antenna 2 can be connected to the main board 1 through a signal line.
  • the mainboard 1 can control the antenna 2 to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals to realize the communication function.
  • the mainboard 1 can convert the data to be sent into a specific voltage signal, and send the voltage signal to the antenna 2 to radiate electromagnetic waves through the vibrator structure of the antenna 2 to complete the data sending.
  • the antenna 2 can receive the electromagnetic wave signal in the space, and convert the received electromagnetic wave signal into a voltage signal and transmit it to the main board 1 .
  • the electrical components related to data processing in the main board 1 are converted and analyzed to obtain specific data.
  • the above-mentioned antenna 2 has a broad sense, including not only the antenna body structure such as the vibrator, the substrate, and the metal ground, but also the circuit structure related to the signal transmission and reception.
  • the antenna 2 also includes a transmission line and a signal processing circuit structure composed of a modem, an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, and the like. Therefore, in the communication process, the related circuit structure in the antenna 2 can also be used to perform processing on the received or transmitted signals, so as to perform radio signal transceiving according to a specific transmission mode.
  • Different electronic devices can adopt different communication modes, and perform the reception and transmission of electrical signals according to the forms suitable for the communication modes.
  • the electrical signal sent by the main board 1 to the antenna 2 can be amplified and modulated by the signal processing circuit, and then sent through electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 2.4GHz.
  • the antenna 2 can receive the electromagnetic wave signal with a frequency of 2.4GHz, and perform restoration, demodulation and other processing on the received electromagnetic wave signal, so as to analyze the electromagnetic wave from the 2.4GHz wave.
  • the specific voltage signal is finally sent to the mainboard 1 for the mainboard 1 to analyze the specific data content.
  • the main board 1 can radiate electromagnetic waves to the outside during operation.
  • the radiated electromagnetic wave frequency is the same or similar to the signal transmission frequency of the antenna 2, it will interact with the electromagnetic wave signal during the normal communication of the antenna 2, affecting the transmission of the normal electromagnetic wave signal and reducing the sensitivity of the antenna 2.
  • the electromagnetic waves radiated from the main board 1 include electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 2.4GHz, the radiated electromagnetic waves have the same frequency as that of the WiFi antenna or the Bluetooth antenna. sensitivity.
  • a noise suppression component may be provided in the electronic device to reduce the noise electromagnetic wave radiated by the main board 1 to the position of the antenna 2 .
  • a shielding cover may be provided on the main board 1 , and the shielding cover may realize electromagnetic shielding in the vicinity of the main board 1 , and prevent the electromagnetic waves generated on the main board 1 from radiating outward.
  • the shielding cover needs to cover all electrical components capable of radiating electromagnetic waves to achieve the suppression effect. Therefore, when the area of the main board 1 is larger, the area of the shielding cover is also larger. Setting a large-area shield will seriously occupy the space inside the electronic device, which is not conducive to the thinning of the electronic device.
  • the main board 1 is provided with a plurality of electrical components, which can radiate noise electromagnetic waves to the outside.
  • the antenna 2 is used to receive or transmit electromagnetic wave signals.
  • the mounting plate 4 is used to carry various components in the electronic device, and may be a metal front shell, a metal rear shell or other metal structural parts of the electronic device.
  • the main board 1 , the antenna 2 and the noise suppression board 3 are all arranged on the mounting board 4 .
  • the noise suppression plate 3 is used to suppress noise electromagnetic waves radiated from the main board 1 to the antenna 2 , so the noise suppression board 3 can be arranged between the main board 1 and the antenna 2 .
  • the noise suppression plate 3 includes a metal part 31 and a dielectric part 32 .
  • the metal portion 31 is made of a conductor material.
  • the metal portion 31 may be made of metal materials such as copper, aluminum, and alloy materials thereof, and the metal portion 31 may also be made of materials such as non-metallic conductors, conductor compounds, and the like.
  • the dielectric portion 32 is made of an insulator material.
  • the dielectric portion 32 may be made of insulator materials such as ceramics and plastics with a dielectric constant of 1-20.
  • the dielectric part 32 and the metal part 31 can form a frequency selective surface on the noise suppression board 3, and the frequency selective surface can induce a current and form a radiation field when the noise electromagnetic wave radiated by the main board is incident, so as to prevent the noise electromagnetic wave emitted from the main board 1 from radiating to the surface.
  • Antenna 2 the dielectric part 32 may be provided in a plate-like structure, and the metal part 31 may be provided in the dielectric part 32 so that the metal part 31 is sandwiched in the dielectric part 32 .
  • the electrons in the metal part 31 can oscillate under the action of the electric field force corresponding to the noise electromagnetic wave, so that a current is induced in the metal part 31 .
  • parasitic inductance and/or parasitic capacitance can be generated on the frequency selective surface, so that the frequency selective surface has a specific resonant frequency.
  • the frequency of the noise electromagnetic wave is equal to or close to the resonant frequency, most of the energy in the noise electromagnetic wave will be converted into an induced current, so as to consume the energy of the noise electromagnetic wave through the induced current.
  • the induced current can form a radiation field to change the radiation direction of the noise electromagnetic wave, thereby preventing the noise electromagnetic wave from being radiated to the antenna 2 and realizing the suppression of the noise electromagnetic wave.
  • the specific shape and arrangement of the metal part 31 and the dielectric part 32 on the frequency selection surface can be set according to the frequency of the noise electromagnetic wave to be suppressed. That is, in order to suppress noise electromagnetic waves of different frequencies, the metal part 31 and the dielectric part 32 of different shapes, structures and installation positions may be provided on the noise suppression plate 3 .
  • the resistivity of the metal part 31 is less than 1 ⁇ 10-4 ( ⁇ m)
  • the relative permittivity of the dielectric part 32 is between 1 and 20
  • the overall structural size is between 5 mm and 150 mm, it is possible to form a structure for 2- Electromagnetic waves in the 6GHz band are suppressed.
  • the metal part 31 is embedded in the dielectric part 32 in a C-shape to form a frequency selective surface.
  • the C-shaped structure may be a rectangle with an opening, a ring shape, a rectangle with rounded corners, etc., including a branch portion and an opening portion.
  • the electrons in the branch part of the metal part 31 can induce the electromagnetic field in the space to generate oscillation and form an induced current.
  • the opening portion of the metal portion 31 can form a “metal-dielectric-metal” capacitance structure to generate parasitic capacitance on the frequency selective surface and consume the energy of noise electromagnetic waves.
  • the metal part 31 of the C-shaped structure is beneficial to induce current when the electromagnetic wave is incident, and generate parasitic capacitance on the noise suppression plate 3, especially at the opening of the C-shaped structure, so as to consume the energy of the noise electromagnetic wave and form radiation
  • the field changes the radiation direction of the noise electromagnetic wave and prevents the noise electromagnetic wave from passing through.
  • a plurality of metal parts 31 may also be provided in the dielectric part 32 .
  • the plurality of metal parts 31 may be arranged in the dielectric part 32 in a specific arrangement.
  • four metal parts 31 are arranged in the dielectric part 32 in a 2 ⁇ 2 rectangular array or a ring array to increase the effective area in the height and width directions and improve the effect of suppressing noise electromagnetic waves.
  • the plurality of metal parts 31 may also be embedded in the dielectric part 32 in other ways that facilitate the formation of parasitic capacitance or parasitic inductance structures.
  • the plurality of metal parts 31 have a rectangular frame structure with an opening at one end, and the plurality of metal parts 31 are nested with each other, parasitic capacitances can be formed at the openings of the C-shaped rectangular frame metal parts 31 and at the same time A parasitic capacitance is formed between the adjacent metal parts 31, so the energy in the electromagnetic wave can be better consumed, and the noise suppression effect can be improved.
  • the two metal parts 31 can be nested with each other centered on a fixed point on the dielectric part 32 .
  • the fixed points in the medium part 32 for inter-nesting arrangement can be selected according to the specific shape of the medium part 32 .
  • the center point of the dielectric part 32 can be selected as the fixed point, so that a larger number of metal parts 31 can be arranged in the dielectric part 32 . That is, when the medium portion 32 has a rectangular plate-like structure, the fixed point may be the intersection of the diagonal lines of the rectangle.
  • the opening of the C-shaped structure of the metal portion 31 is forming a capacitive structure, there is a part of discontinuous structure, and the discontinuous structure will reduce the suppressing effect of noise electromagnetic waves in this region. Therefore, when two metal parts 31 are provided in the dielectric part 32 , the opening directions of the rectangular frames of the two metal parts 31 can be reversed. By setting the opening directions of the rectangular frame to be opposite, the opening positions of the plurality of metal parts 31 can be staggered, so that the suppression effect of each part of the noise suppression plate 3 tends to be balanced, and the overall suppression effect is improved.
  • the metal part of the C-shaped structure By setting specific size parameters of the metal part of the C-shaped structure, it is possible to suppress noise electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency. That is, in one embodiment, when the antenna 2 is a WiFi antenna or a Bluetooth antenna, since the signal transmission frequency of the antenna 2 is 2.4 GHz, the noise electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 2.4 GHz will affect the signal receiving process of the WiFi antenna or the Bluetooth antenna, reducing the Antenna sensitivity.
  • the opening width of the rectangular frame of the metal part 31 can be set to be 4-5 mm
  • the length of the rectangular frame of the metal part 31 located on the outer ring is 35-45 mm
  • the rectangular frame of the metal part 31 located on the inner ring can be set to be 35-45 mm.
  • the side length is 15-25mm
  • the width of the rectangular frame of the metal part 31 is set to be 0.1-1mm.
  • the side length of the metal part 31 on the outer ring is 40mm
  • the side length of the metal part 31 on the inner ring is 20mm
  • the width of the metal part 31 is 0.5mm
  • the material is pure copper.
  • the dielectric portion 32 is a square plate with a side length of 41 mm and a relative permittivity of 3.5, forming a frequency selective surface.
  • the noise suppression plate 3 is arranged in the area between the main board 1 and the antenna 2 in a manner perpendicular to the mounting board 4 , which can suppress the 2.4 GHz noise electromagnetic wave radiated from the main board 1 to the antenna 2 .
  • the installation positions of the metal part 31 and the dielectric part 32 may be interchanged. That is, the dielectric part 32 can be set in a C-shaped structure, the metal part 31 can be set in a rectangular plate structure, and the dielectric part 32 can be sandwiched in the metal part 31 .
  • Such a structure can also form a "metal-dielectric-metal" capacitor structure at multiple locations, consuming the energy of noise electromagnetic waves.
  • the metal part 31 may also be embedded in the dielectric part 32 in a cross shape.
  • the dielectric portion 32 can be formed by making a rectangular plate structure from a polyvinyl chloride material with a relative permittivity of 3.5. Then, the metal part 31 with a cross-shaped structure made of pure copper is embedded in the rectangular plate structure of the dielectric part 32 to form the noise suppression board 3 .
  • the formed cruciform has an overall width of 35-45mm, an overall height of 35-45mm, and the metal width of the cruciform branches is 5-10mm.
  • the noise suppression plate 3 with the cross-shaped metal part 31 is arranged between the main board 1 and the antenna 2. Similarly, when a noise electromagnetic wave of a specific frequency is incident, a current can be induced and a radiation field can be formed, so the noise of the frequency can be suppressed. Electromagnetic waves are radiated to the position of the antenna 2 . For example, if the total width and height of the cross-shaped metal portion 31 are 40 mm, and the metal width of the cross-shaped branch is 5 mm, noise electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 2.4 GHz can be suppressed.
  • the metal portion 31 of the cross-shaped structure is simple in structure and easy to be processed and formed, and can also simplify the processing process of the noise suppression plate 3 and reduce the manufacturing cost of the noise suppression plate 3 .
  • the metal part 31 of the cross-shaped structure also facilitates the formation of a radiation field after the current is induced, so that the radiation field can radiate electromagnetic waves in a direction away from the antenna 2, that is, the effect of reflecting noise electromagnetic waves is achieved, and the suppression of noise electromagnetic waves is improved.
  • the positions of the metal part 31 and the dielectric part 32 can also be interchanged, that is, as shown in FIG. 6 , the dielectric part 32 is embedded in the metal part 31 in a cross shape. , to form a frequency selective surface capable of suppressing specific frequency noise electromagnetic waves.
  • the metal part 31 is embedded in the dielectric part 32 in an I-shaped shape; or, as shown in FIG. 8 , the dielectric part 32 is embedded in the metal part 31 in an I-shaped shape to form Frequency selection surface.
  • the metal part 31 of the I-shaped structure is equivalent to being formed by combining two metal parts 31 of the C-shaped structure, that is, it is equivalent to forming the I-shaped structure by bringing the vertical sides of the two C-shaped structures together.
  • the dielectric part 32 with a rectangular plate-like structure can be made of ceramic material, and the metal part 31 with an I-shaped structure made of pure copper is embedded in the dielectric part 32 to form the noise suppression board 3 .
  • the total height of the formed I-shaped structure is 15-25mm, the total width is 15-25mm, the width of the metal branch on two horizontal sides is 0.1-1mm, and the width of the metal branch on one vertical side is 0.2-2mm.
  • the noise suppression plate 3 is arranged between the main board 1 and the antenna 2 to induce a current through the I-shaped structure on the noise suppression plate 3 and form a radiation field, so as to achieve the purpose of reflecting the noise electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 2.4GHz.
  • the frequency selective surface can be formed by arranging the metal part 31 and the dielectric part 32 on the noise suppression plate 3 to be C-shaped, cross-shaped, I-shaped, etc.
  • the formed frequency selective surface can induce a current for noise electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency, generate parasitic capacitance or parasitic inductance, and form a radiation field, so that the noise electromagnetic wave emitted by the main board 1 can be absorbed or reflected, and the noise electromagnetic wave can be suppressed from radiating to the position of the antenna 2.
  • the interference of noise electromagnetic waves to the signals sent and received by the antenna 2 is reduced, and the sensitivity of the antenna 2 is improved.
  • a plurality of metal parts 31 and/or a plurality of dielectric parts 32 may be provided on the noise suppression plate 3 .
  • the plurality of metal parts 31 or the plurality of dielectric parts 32 can not only form a capacitance structure between adjacent metal parts 31 to generate more parasitic capacitances on the noise suppression plate 3 and consume energy in noise electromagnetic waves.
  • a frequency selective surface for different frequency noise electromagnetic waves can be formed by a plurality of metal parts 31, so as to realize the suppression of various noise electromagnetic wave signals.
  • the plurality of metal parts 31 or the plurality of dielectric parts 32 may have the same structure or different structures. That is, the shapes of the plurality of metal parts 31 and/or the plurality of dielectric parts 32 may be a combination of one or more of a C-shaped structure, a cross-shaped structure and an I-shaped structure.
  • a plurality of metal parts 31 of the same structure can increase the effective area of the noise suppression plate 3 .
  • four metal parts 31 having a C-shaped structure may be arranged in the dielectric part 32 of the rectangular plate structure to form a frequency selective surface including a plurality of metal branches.
  • the four metal parts 31 two can be grouped together, and each group has a mutually nested structure. Then, compared with the noise suppression plate 3 including two C-shaped metal parts 31, the noise suppression plate 3 including four C-shaped metal parts 31 can increase the effective area of the noise suppression plate 3 by nearly double, and effectively improve the noise suppression effect. .
  • the metal parts 31 located on the outer ring in the two groups can also generate a “metal-dielectric-metal” capacitance structure at the adjacent two sides, it is also convenient to generate parasitic capacitance at the adjacent two sides. , so as to consume the energy in the noise electromagnetic wave and improve the noise suppression effect.
  • the noise suppression plate 3 may include three sets (6 pieces) of C-shaped structure metal parts 31 , and four sets (8 pieces) of C-shaped structure metal parts 31 .
  • the arrangement of the multiple groups of C-shaped structure metal parts 31 can be set according to the size of the space between the antenna 2 and the main board 1 . For example, when the space between the main board 1 and the antenna 2 has a large width but a small height, multiple groups of C-shaped structural metal parts 31 can be arranged side by side on the noise suppression board 3 in a line shape.
  • noise electromagnetic waves of different frequencies can be suppressed by using the plurality of metal parts 31 with different structures.
  • two sets of metal parts 31 may be provided in the dielectric part 32 of the rectangular plate structure.
  • the group on the left side in the figure includes two metal parts 31 with C-shaped structure arranged in a nest with each other, and the group on the right side in the figure includes a metal part 31 with a cross-shaped structure.
  • the two sets of metal parts 31 can have a suppressing effect for two kinds of noise frequencies.
  • the transmission frequencies of the two WiFi antennas are 2.4GHz and 5.0GHz, respectively.
  • the electromagnetic waves with frequencies of 2.4GHz and 5.0GHz can affect the transmission process of the antenna 2, that is, by adjusting the shape, structure and positional relationship of the two sets of metal parts 31, the one on the left can be adjusted.
  • the set of C-shaped structural metal parts 31 is set to suppress noise electromagnetic waves of 2.4 GHz
  • the set of C-shaped structural metal parts 31 on the right is set to suppress noise electromagnetic waves of 5.0 GHz.
  • the noise suppression board 3 can simultaneously suppress noise electromagnetic waves with frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz.
  • the noise suppression plate 3 includes a plurality of metal parts 31 with different structures. Different structures may refer to completely different shapes. For example, one set of metal parts 31 is a C-shaped structure, and another One set of metal parts 31 is a cross-shaped structure; it can also refer to different shapes, for example, the two sets of metal parts 31 are C-shaped structures, but the opening size, side length and branch width of the two sets of metal parts 31 are different, and the same can be achieved. It has the effect of suppressing noise electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. In addition, for a plurality of metal parts 31 of different shapes, it is possible to achieve a suppressing effect against noise electromagnetic waves of the same frequency.
  • one set of metal parts 31 has a C-shaped structure and the other set of metal parts 31 has a cross-shaped structure
  • by setting the shape, structure and installation position of the two sets of metal parts 31 it is also possible to suppress noise electromagnetic waves at 2.4 GHz. , so as to make full use of the space on the noise suppression board 3 and increase the effective area of the noise suppression board 3 .
  • the noise suppression plate 3 needs to be arranged between the main board 1 and the antenna 2 , so that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the main board 1 can be suppressed from being transmitted to the antenna 2 .
  • the noise suppression plate 3 is too close to the main board 1, the electromagnetic waves radiated on the main board 1 are easily radiated from the outside of the effective surface of the noise suppression board 3 to the antenna 2, that is, the suppression effect on noise electromagnetic waves is reduced.
  • the distance between the noise suppression plate 3 and the antenna 2 is too close, it is easy to cause the noise suppression plate 3 to intrude into the clearance area of the antenna 2 , which affects the signal transmission and reception process of the antenna 2 .
  • the noise suppression board 3 when setting the position of the noise suppression board 3, the noise suppression board 3 should not be too close to the position of the main board 1 or the antenna 2.
  • the distance between the noise suppression board 3 and the main board 1 can be set > 1mm, and the distance from the antenna 2 > 1mm .
  • the noise suppression plate 3 may be disposed at the position of the electromagnetic extreme point between the main board 1 and the antenna 2 .
  • the position of the electromagnetic extreme value point refers to the position corresponding to the point of the maximum value of the electric field intensity or the minimum value of the magnetic field strength formed by the electromagnetic wave radiation in the area between the main board 1 and the antenna 2 .
  • the noise suppression board 3 Since multiple electrical components on the mainboard 1 can generate noise signals, when the number, type and location of electrical components included on the mainboard 1 are different, the intensity distribution of electromagnetic waves radiated from the mainboard 1 is also different. Therefore, when setting the position of the noise suppression board 3, the position corresponding to the maximum value of the electric field strength or the minimum value of the magnetic field strength can be determined by measuring the strength of the electric field or the magnetic field, that is, to find the electromagnetic pole between the main board 1 and the antenna 2 Value point location. Then, the noise suppression plate 3 is set at the determined electromagnetic extreme point position to suppress the radiation of noise electromagnetic waves to the antenna 2 .
  • the noise suppression plate 3 is set at the determined electromagnetic extreme point position to suppress the radiation of noise electromagnetic waves to the antenna 2 .
  • the noise suppression plate 3 is set at the electromagnetic extreme point. When it is in the position, it can suppress most of the electromagnetic waves radiated from the main board 1 .
  • the electronic device may include multiple antennas 2 , and the electromagnetic waves radiated by the motherboard 1 may form multiple electromagnetic extreme point positions between the motherboard 1 and the antenna 2 .
  • a plurality of noise suppression boards 3 may also be provided between the main board 1 and the antenna 2, so that one or more noise suppression boards 3 may be respectively provided at each electromagnetic extreme point position. For example, for the area between the main board 1 and one antenna 2 , it can be determined by measurement or simulation that there are two electromagnetic extreme point positions between the main board 1 and the antenna 2 . Then, the two noise suppressing plates 3 are respectively arranged at the positions of the two electromagnetic extreme points, so as to suppress the two noise electromagnetic waves passing through the positions of the electromagnetic extreme points.
  • a noise suppression board 3 can be set in the area between the two antennas 2 and the main board 1 respectively, and the specific position of the noise suppression board 3 is at the electromagnetic extreme point position of the two intermediate regions, so as to suppress the transmission of the noise signal radiated by the main board 1 to the two antenna 2 positions.
  • the noise suppression plate 3 can also form a frequency selective surface through the metal part 31 and the dielectric part 32, such as the metal part 31 or the dielectric part 32 including the C-shaped structure, the cross-shaped structure and the I-shaped structure, so that for each The transmission frequency of the antenna 2 can suppress the noise electromagnetic wave of the corresponding frequency.
  • different noise suppression boards 2 can also be arranged with different structures. That is, in one embodiment, the metal parts 31 or the dielectric parts 32 on the plurality of noise suppression plates 3 are one or more combinations of a C-shaped structure, a cross-shaped structure and an I-shaped structure, so as to prevent different Frequency Selective Surface of Noise Electromagnetic Waves.
  • the electronic device when the electronic device includes two WiFi antennas with transmission frequencies of 2.4GHz and 5.0GHz, and the two antennas 2 are located on different sides of the main board 1 , at least one noise suppression board 3 can be provided on both sides respectively.
  • the specific structures of the installed noise suppression plates 3 are also different. That is, as shown in FIG. 13 , the noise suppression plate 3 located on the left side of the main board 1 includes two metal parts 31 with a C-shaped structure, which can suppress noise electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 2.4 GHz; the noise suppression board 3 located on the right side of the main board 1 includes a The metal portion 31 of the I-shaped structure can suppress noise electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 5.0 GHz.
  • the multiple noise suppression boards 3 may also be provided to include metal parts 31 or dielectric parts 32 of different shapes.
  • two noise suppression plates 3 may be disposed between the main board 1 and one antenna 2 , wherein one noise suppression plate 3 includes a cross-shaped metal part 31 , and the other noise suppression plate includes an I-shaped metal part 31 . Therefore, the noise electromagnetic waves of two frequencies are suppressed by the two noise suppression plates 3 , or the area of the frequency selective surface with the suppression effect is increased by the two noise suppression plates 3 , without increasing the surface area of each noise suppression plate 3 . , to achieve better noise electromagnetic wave suppression effect.
  • the noise suppression plate 3 can suppress the noise signal radiated from the main board 1 to the antenna 2 after being disposed between the main board 1 and the antenna 2 .
  • the electromagnetic waves generated by some electrical components on the main board 1 can be radiated directly or through other electrical components adjacent thereto.
  • a heat-dissipating metal sheet 12 is usually provided in the vicinity of the chip 11 .
  • the heat-dissipating metal sheet 12 may be made of a metal material that is easy to conduct heat, such as aluminum and copper, and is used to carry the heat-dissipating function of the chip 11 .
  • the heat-dissipating metal sheet 12 is made of metal material, it also radiates electromagnetic waves generated by the chip 11 while carrying the heat-dissipating function.
  • the heat dissipation metal sheet 12 has a larger surface area than the chip 11 , so it is easier to radiate electromagnetic waves to the antenna 2 .
  • the noise suppression plate 3 can be arranged outside the range covered by the orthographic projection of the heat dissipation metal sheet 12 to the mounting board 4, so as to The noise electromagnetic wave radiated by the heat dissipation metal sheet 12 is prevented from being radiated to the antenna 2 .
  • the motherboard 1 includes a chip 11 of 10 ⁇ 10 mm, and a heat dissipation metal sheet 12 of 50 ⁇ 50 mm is arranged above the chip 11 .
  • the heat-dissipating metal sheet 12 is in contact with the chip 11 , or is attached to the chip 11 through thermal conductive silicone grease. Then, during the operation of the motherboard 1 , the chip 11 will generate electromagnetic waves, and the generated electromagnetic waves can be conducted to the heat-dissipating metal sheet 12 and radiated outward through the heat-dissipating metal sheet 12 .
  • the noise suppression plate 13 Since electromagnetic waves can be radiated outward through the entire heat-dissipating metal sheet 12 , if the noise suppression plate 13 is disposed within the range covered by the orthographic projection of the heat-dissipating metal sheet 12 to the mounting plate 4 , the noise electromagnetic waves can be radiated through the edge of the heat-dissipating metal sheet 12 . To the antenna 2, the noise electromagnetic wave cannot be suppressed.
  • the noise suppression plate 3 may be provided outside the range covered by the orthographic projection of the heat dissipation metal sheet 12 to the mounting plate 4 . In this way, the noise electromagnetic wave radiated to the direction of the antenna 2 through any position of the heat dissipation metal sheet 12 needs to pass through the area where the noise suppression plate 3 is located. influences.
  • the noise suppressing plate 3 can suppress electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency, but since the antenna 2 not only receives electromagnetic waves, but also has an electromagnetic wave transmitting function, and when the noise suppressing plate 3 is provided, the noise suppressing plate 3 may emit to the antenna 2.
  • the electromagnetic wave caused by the suppression will affect the communication quality of the antenna 2 . Therefore, in some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 16 , the mounting plate 4 is provided with a shielding area 5 , and the shielding area 5 refers to an area other than the clearance area of the antenna 2 on the mounting plate 4 .
  • the shielding area 5 is a rectangular area on the mounting plate 4 with a certain distance from the edge area.
  • the noise suppression board 3 is arranged within the range of the shielding area 5 , which can prevent the noise suppression board 3 from encroaching on the clearance area of the antenna 2 and reduce the influence on the normal communication process of the antenna 2 .
  • the main board 1 is provided with electrical components such as high-speed signal lines, these electrical components can radiate electromagnetic wave signals outward during the process of transmitting electrical signals to the antenna 2, that is, a common mode is formed on the main board 1. noise radiation. Therefore, the shape and size parameters of the metal part 31 and the dielectric part 32 can be adjusted by setting the frequency selection surface on the noise suppression board 3 , so that the noise suppression board can suppress the common mode noise radiated on the main board 1 .
  • the common mode noise with a frequency of 2.4 GHz radiated on the main board 1 will affect the signal transmission and reception process of the WiFi antenna or the Bluetooth antenna, reducing the frequency of the WiFi antenna or the Bluetooth antenna. sensitivity.
  • the metal part 31 on the noise suppression board 3 can be embedded in the dielectric part 32 in a cross shape, and the size parameters of the cross structure can be adjusted to form a frequency selection surface for the frequency of 2.4GHz, so as to achieve the suppression on the main board 1 The effect of common mode noise.
  • a noise suppression board 3 can be arranged between the main board 1 and the antenna 2, so that the frequency selective surface of the noise suppression board 3 can perform noise electromagnetic waves radiated from the main board 1 toward the antenna 2. Suppress and reduce the influence of noise electromagnetic waves on the process of transmitting and receiving signals of the antenna 2 .
  • the frequency selective surface formed by the metal part 31 and the dielectric part 32 of the noise suppression plate 3 can not only suppress the passage of noise electromagnetic waves and improve the sensitivity of the antenna 2, but also obtain a better noise suppression effect through a smaller board area, reducing the noise. Small footprint on the interior space of electronic equipment.
  • the electronic device is any one of electronic products such as a smart screen, a router, a notebook or a tablet, and the antenna is a wifi antenna or a Bluetooth antenna.
  • some embodiments of the present application further provide a communication system, including a sending end and a receiving end.
  • the transmitting end is used to generate electromagnetic wave signals according to specific communication data, and directly or indirectly send electromagnetic wave signals to the receiving end through wireless communication.
  • Communication data content is used to generate electromagnetic wave signals according to specific communication data, and directly or indirectly send electromagnetic wave signals to the receiving end through wireless communication.
  • the sender and the receiver can establish a communication connection, that is, the sender and the receiver can transmit electromagnetic wave signals in accordance with the agreed signal generation and signal analysis methods.
  • electromagnetic wave signals with a frequency of 2.4GHz are used to transmit data.
  • the sending end and/or the receiving end include the electronic devices provided in the above embodiments. Since the electronic device includes a noise suppression board, and the noise suppression board with a small volume is used to suppress the noise electromagnetic wave radiated from the main board to the antenna position, the overall volume of the electronic device can be thinner and lighter, which is conducive to simplifying the scale of the communication system and improving the signal transmission. sensitivity.
  • different electronic devices can be used as the sending end and the receiving end in different communication processes.
  • electronic device A sends data to electronic device B
  • electronic device A acts as a sender and electronic device B acts as a receiver
  • electronic device B feeds back data to electronic device A
  • electronic device B acts as a transmitter and electronic device B acts as a receiver
  • A acts as the receiving end, so as to adapt to different data sending and receiving processes.
  • the electronic devices included in the communication system may adopt different types of devices according to different application scenarios of the communication system.
  • the electronic device serving as the transmitting end or the receiving end may be an outdoor communication base station, an intelligent terminal device, an intelligent wearable device, a network relay device, and the like.
  • the application of the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application in other designs will not be described in detail here. Those skilled in the art can also think of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application under the inspiration of the technical concepts of the embodiments of the present application. When applied to other designs, none of these designs exceeds the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电子设备及通信系统，所述电子设备包括主板、天线、噪声抑制板以及安装板。所述电子设备可以通过在主板与天线之间设置噪声抑制板，使噪声抑制板可以通过频率选择表面对主板向天线方向辐射的噪声电磁波进行抑制，减少噪声电磁波对天线收发信号过程的影响。噪声抑制板通过金属部和介质部形成的频率选择表面不仅可以抑制噪声电磁波穿过，提高天线的灵敏度，而且可以通过较小的板面面积获得较好的噪声抑制效果，减小对电子设备内部空间的占用。

Description

电子设备及通信系统
本申请要求于2021年4月28日提交到国家知识产权局、申请号为202110469347.0、发明名称为“电子设备及通信系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种电子设备及通信系统。
背景技术
具备通信功能的电子设备主板上设置有多种通信元件，如高速信号线、芯片等。这些通信元件会在运行中向外辐射噪声信号，影响电子设备上无线局域网(wireless fidelity，WiFi)天线或蓝牙天线的接收灵敏度。
例如，主板上的一种图像信息传输(v-by-one，VBO)信号线，在传输信号过程中会向外辐射频率为2.4GHz的噪声信号。这种噪声信号与WiFi天线和蓝牙天线的传输频率相同，会影响WiFi天线和蓝牙天线的接收灵敏度。并且，当主板芯片的上方设有金属散热片时，该噪声信号可以通过金属散热片形成整机辐射，当噪声信号辐射到天线口附近时，会显著降低WiFi天线和蓝牙天线的灵敏度。
为了抑制共模噪声，可以在能够产生噪声的电气元件上方或四周设置屏蔽罩等噪声抑制组件。噪声抑制组件可以接收电气元件所辐射的噪声信号，并将接收到的共模噪声信号疏导至接地组件，从而减少辐射至天线处的噪声信号。但是，由于电子设备主板上通常会存在多个电气元件，抑制组件需要覆盖每个能够产生噪声信号的电气元件，或者覆盖整个主板，才能有效抑制辐射至天线处的噪声信号，这就会导致噪声抑制组件的体积较大，占用电子设备大量的内部空间。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电子设备及通信系统，可以抑制电子设备中噪声信号辐射至天线口，并减少对电子设备内部空间的占用。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电子设备，包括：安装板、主板、天线以及噪声抑制板。其中，主板上设有芯片等电气元件，用于处理数据和信号。主板上的电气元件在运行过程中也会产生电磁波，所产生的电磁波会以元件或主板为中心向外进行辐射，形成噪声电磁波。天线用于收发电磁波信号，即感应环境中的电磁波，以接收信号。天线还用于向外辐射电磁波信号，以发射信号。
主板、天线以及噪声抑制板均设置在安装板上，即安装板用于承载主板、天线、噪声抑制板以及其他功能组件。噪声抑制板位于主板和天线之间，用于抑制主板上产生的噪声电磁波辐射至天线位置，提高天线的灵敏度。
噪声抑制板包括介质部和金属部，介质部和金属部可采用不同导电性质的材料制成。即介质部可以采用非金属或其他绝缘材料制成，金属部则由金属或其他导体材料制成。通过将介质部和金属部按照特定的形状结合和设置位置进行布置，可以在噪声抑制板上形成频率选 择表面。在噪声电磁波入射至频率选择表面时，金属部的电子可以在电场力作用下产生振荡，从而在金属部中产生感应电流。再根据所布置的位置和形状，可以在频率选择表面上产生特定形式的寄生电感和/或寄生电容，从而使频率选择表面具有特定的谐振频率。
在谐振频率的噪声电磁波入射时，噪声电磁波中的绝大部分能量将转化为感应电流，感应电流再形成辐射场，等同于将噪声电磁波反射回去，以阻止噪声电磁波辐射至天线处。即通过在主板与天线之间设置噪声抑制板，可以在主板与天线之间形成一种带阻滤波结构，使频率选择表面可以对主板向天线辐射的噪声电磁波进行抑制，减少噪声电磁波信号对天线信号收发过程的干扰，提高天线的灵敏度。并且，由于噪声抑制板相对于屏蔽罩等噪声抑制组件所占用的空间较小，因此通过噪声抑制板抑制噪声信号的方式，可以减少对电子设备内部空间的占用，有利于电子设备中其他电气元件的布局设计。
可选的，所述金属部呈C字形嵌入设置在介质部中，以形成频率选择表面。噪声抑制板可以通过介质部先成型为基板，再通过金属部在介质部上成型为C字形的金属枝节，组成频率选择表面。C字形结构的金属部可以在电磁波入射时感应出电流，并在噪声抑制板上，特别是C字形结构的开口处，产生寄生电容，从而对噪声电磁波的能量进行消耗以及形成辐射场，阻止噪声电磁波经过。
可选的，所述介质部中设有多个金属部，多个金属部可以按照特定的排布方式设置在介质部上，并且每个金属部为一端设有开口的矩形框结构。开口矩形框结构的C字形金属枝节，可以在开口处形成电容形结构的同时，还在相邻的金属部之间形成电容结构，因此有助于在频率选择表面产生寄生电容，可以更多的消耗电磁波中的能量，提高噪声抑制效果。
可选的，介质部中设置有两个金属部，两个金属部以介质部上的定点为中心相互嵌套设置；两个金属部的矩形框开口方向相反。即在介质部中可以设置两个C字形的金属部，其中一个金属部设置在外圈，另一个金属部设置在外圈金属部所包围的范围内，即设置在内圈。通过相互嵌套的两个C字形的金属部，可以增加金属部之间的正对面积，产生更大的寄生电容，提高噪声抑制效果。并且，可以提高开口处的电磁感应效果，形成各处均衡的抑制作用。
可选的，金属部的矩形框开口宽度为4-5mm，位于外圈的金属部矩形框边长为35-45mm，位于内圈的金属部矩形框边长为15-25mm，金属部矩形框宽度为0.1-1mm。相应的，可以采用边长为40mm以上的矩形介质部，介质部的介电常数为3.4-3.6。通过设置上述形状的金属部，可以实现对2.4GHz的噪声电磁波进行有效抑制，缓解噪声电磁波对WiFi天线和/或蓝牙天线的造成影响，提高WiFi天线和/或蓝牙天线的灵敏度。
可选的，金属部和介质部的设置位置可互换。即对于噪声抑制板，也可以通过金属部成形为基板结构，再将介质部设置为C字形结构，并嵌入设置在金属部中。通过互换金属部和介质部，可以形成不同形式的频率选择表面，产生不同的寄生电容或寄生电感，从而抑制不同频率的噪声电磁波。
可选的，金属部呈十字形嵌入设置在介质部中；或者，金属部呈工字形嵌入设置在介质部中。除上述C字形结构的金属部外，还可以将金属部设置为十字形结构或者工字形结构。不同的结构可以对应形成不同的频率选择表面，以及产生寄生电容和寄生电感。因此可以通过不同形状的金属部，调节频率选择表面的谐振频率，从而抑制不同频率的噪声电磁波。同理，在十字形结构和工字形结构的基础上，金属部和介质部的位置可以互换。即为了抑制不同频率的噪声电磁波，介质部可呈十字形嵌入设置在金属部中，或者，介质部可呈工字形嵌入设置在金属部中，以形成频率选择表面。
可选的，所述噪声抑制板包括多个金属部和/或多个介质部。多个金属部和/或多个介质部为C字形结构、十字形结构以及工字形结构中的一种或多种的组合。即噪声抑制板上可以设置多个相同形状或不同形状的金属部或者介质部。设置多个金属部或介质部一方面可以增大频率选择表面的面积，提高噪声抑制效果。另一方面由于不同形状的金属部或者介质部可以抑制不同频率的噪声电磁波，因此可以通过噪声抑制板同时抑制多个频率的噪声电磁波穿过。此外，设置多个金属部或者介质部还可以通过设置多个金属部或介质部之间的距离，使多个金属部或介质部之间可以存在相互作用，以提高对噪声电磁波的抑制效果。
可选的，所述噪声抑制板设置在主板与天线之间的电磁极值点位置。在运行电子设备的运行过程中，主板上设有多个电气元件，多个电气元件均可以向外辐射噪声电磁波。当辐射噪声电磁波的元件设置在主板上的不同位置时，可以在空间中的特定位置形成电磁极值点，在电磁极值点位置所辐射的噪声电磁波能量更大，因此可以将噪声抑制板设置在电磁极值点位置，实现对更多的噪声电磁波进行抑制，阻止噪声电磁波传递至天线位置。
可选的，当主板与天线之间存在多个电磁极值点时，还可以在主板与天线之间设有多个噪声抑制板，多个噪声抑制板分别设置在一个或多个电磁极值点位置上，即可以在每个电磁极值点位置上分别设置一个或多个噪声抑制板，以通过多个噪声抑制板共同抑制主板辐射的噪声电磁波，减少辐射至天线位置处的噪声电磁波能量。
可选的，多个噪声抑制板上的金属部或介质部为C字形结构、十字形结构以及工字形结构中的一种或多种的组合，即设置在多个电磁极值点上的多个噪声抑制板可以具有相同的形状也可以具有不同的形状。当多个噪声抑制板形状相同时，可以对多个位置处的噪声电磁波进行抑制，减少辐射至天线处的噪声电磁波能量。当多个噪声抑制板上的金属部为不同形状时，可以通过不同的金属部或介质部形状对不同频率的噪声电磁波进行抑制，因此可以形成用于阻止多个频率噪声电磁波的频率选择表面。
可选的，主板上设有散热金属片。其中，散热金属片可以设置在芯片等电气元件的上方、下方或附近，用于承载芯片的等电气元件散热功能。当主板上设置有散热金属片时，芯片等电气元件所产生的噪声电磁波将会通过散热金属片向外进行辐射，因此可以将噪声抑制板设置在散热金属片向安装板正投影所覆盖的范围之外，以抑制通过散热金属片辐射的噪声电磁波。
可选的，安装板上还设有屏蔽区，噪声抑制板设置在屏蔽区覆盖的范围内。将噪声抑制板设置在屏蔽区内，可以使噪声抑制板仅针对主板辐射出的噪声电磁波进行抑制，不会抑制天线发出或接收的电磁波。即噪声抑制板不会侵占天线的净空区，减小噪声抑制板对天线正常通信功能的影响。
可选的，上述电子设备的天线可以是WiFi天线或者蓝牙天线，可用于收发频率为2.4GHz的电磁波，主板上设置的信号线等电气元件，这些电气元件在传输WiFi天线或者蓝牙天线对应传输频率的信号时可以向外辐射共模噪声，影响天线的信号收发过程，因此可以通过设置噪声抑制板的频率选择表面形状，以抑制主板产生的共模噪声。
第二方面，本申请实施例中还提供一种通信系统，包括信号的发送端和接收端。其中，发送端与接收端建立通信连接，发送端和/或接收端包括第一方面所述的电子设备。由于电子设备包括噪声抑制板，并通过体积较小的噪声抑制板抑制从主板辐射至天线位置处的噪声电磁波，因此电子设备的整体体积可以更加轻薄，有利于简化通信系统规模，提高信号传输灵敏度。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例电子设备结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例中一种包括C字形结构金属部的噪声抑制板结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例中包括多个C字形结构金属部的噪声抑制板结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例中一种包括C字形结构介质部的噪声抑制板结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例中一种包括十字形结构金属部的噪声抑制板结构示意图；
图6是本申请实施例中一种包括十字形结构介质部的噪声抑制板结构示意图；
图7是本申请实施例中一种包括工字形结构金属部的噪声抑制板结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例中一种包括工字形结构介质部的噪声抑制板结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例中包括多个不同结构金属部的噪声抑制板结构示意图；
图10是本申请实施例中噪声抑制板设置位置示意图；
图11是本申请实施例中噪声强度抑制效果图；
图12是本申请实施例中针对两个天线的噪声抑制板设置位置示意图；
图13是本申请实施例中针对两个不同传输频率天线的噪声抑制板设置位置示意图；
图14是本申请实施例中主板带有散热金属片的电子设备结构示意图；
图15是本申请实施例中安装板上的屏蔽区示意图；
图16是本申请实施例中一种通信系统结构示意图。
图示说明：
其中，1-主板；11-芯片；12-散热金属片；2-天线；3-噪声抑制板；31-金属部；32-介质部；4-安装板；5-屏蔽区。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本申请的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的其他实施例，都属于本申请的保护范围。
本申请实施例中，所述电子设备是指具有信号收发功能和数据处理功能的设备，包括但不限于智能手机、智能电视、网络设备以及其他具有通信功能的设备。电子设备可以基于特定的通信方式接收和发送电磁波信号，实现无线通信。例如，电子设备可以基于无线局域网(wireless fidelity，WiFi)传输协议和蓝牙(bluetooth)传输协议进行无线通信。电子设备还可以通过内置的信号处理电路及数据处理模块，对接收或发送的信号执行处理，以将具体的数据通过电磁波信号在多个电子设备之间传递。
为了实现上述通信功能，电子设备可以包括通信功能组件和数据处理功能组件。其中，数据处理功能组件可以包括芯片、数据线以及其他与数据处理功能相关的电气元件。这些电气元件可以统一布置在一个电路板上，即主板1。通过主板1上设置的多个电气元件，可以形成各种能够进行数据或信号处理的功能模块，以便对主板1中的信号进行处理，得到具体的传输的数据或发送待传输的数据。
通信功能组件可以包括天线2、信号线等与通信功能相关的电气元件。天线2可以与主板1之间通过信号线进行连接。通过主板1可以控制天线2发射和接收电磁波信号，以实现通信功能。例如，对于数据发送过程，主板1可以将待发送的数据转化为具体的电压信号， 并将电压信号发送给天线2，以通过天线2的振子结构向外辐射电磁波，完成数据发送。而对于数据接收过程，天线2可以接收空间中的电磁波信号，并将接收到的电磁波信号转化为电压信号传输给主板1。再由主板1中与数据处理相关的电气元件进行转化、解析，以获得具体的数据。
需要说明的是，上述天线2具有广义性，不仅包括振子、基板、金属地等天线本体结构，还包括与信号收发相关的电路结构。例如，天线2还包括传输线路以及由调制解调器、放大器、模数转换器等组成的信号处理电路结构。因此，在通信过程中，还可以利用天线2中的相关电路结构对接收或发送的信号执行处理，以按照特定的传输方式执行无线电信号收发。
不同的电子设备可以采用不同的通信方式，并按照通信方式相适应的形式执行电信号的接收和发送。例如，在使用无线局域网或蓝牙天线发送数据时，主板1发送给天线2的电信号可以经过信号处理电路进行放大、调制等处理后，使其通过频率为2.4GHz的电磁波进行发送。同理，在使用WiFi天线或蓝牙天线接收数据时，天线2可以接收频率为2.4GHz的电磁波信号，并对接收到的电磁波信号执行还原、解调等处理，以从2.4GHz的电磁波中解析出具体的电压信号，最后发送给主板1，以供主板1解析出具体的数据内容。
主板1上的芯片、高速信号线等电气元件可以在运行中向外辐射电磁波。当所辐射的电磁波频率与天线2的信号传输频率相同或相近时，将会与天线2正常通信过程中的电磁波信号产生相互作用，影响正常电磁波信号的传输，降低天线2的灵敏度。例如，当主板1向外辐射的电磁波中，包括频率为2.4GHz的电磁波时，所辐射的电磁波与WiFi天线或蓝牙天线的收发电磁波频率相同，即产生噪声电磁波影响，降低WiFi天线或蓝牙天线的灵敏度。
因此，在部分实施例中，可以在电子设备中设置噪声抑制组件，用于减小主板1向天线2位置辐射的噪声电磁波。例如，可以在主板1上设置屏蔽罩，屏蔽罩可以在主板1附近区域实现电磁屏蔽，阻止主板1上产生的电磁波向外辐射。但是，由于主板1上的多个电气元件都可以辐射电磁波，屏蔽罩需要覆盖所有能够辐射电磁波的电气元件才能够达到抑制效果。因此，当主板1面积较大时，屏蔽罩的面积也较大。设置大面积的屏蔽罩将会严重占用电子设备内部的空间，不利于电子设备的轻薄化。
为了减少对电子设备内部空间的占用，本申请的部分实施例中提供一种电子设备，如图1所示，电子设备包括：主板1、天线2、噪声抑制板3以及安装板4。其中，主板1上设有多个电气元件，可以向外辐射噪声电磁波。天线2用于接收或发送电磁波信号。安装板4用于承载电子设备内的各部件，可以是电子设备的金属前壳、金属后壳或者其他金属结构件。主板1、天线2以及噪声抑制板3均设置在安装板4上。
噪声抑制板3用于抑制主板1向天线2辐射的噪声电磁波，因此可以将噪声抑制板3设置在主板1和天线2之间。噪声抑制板3包括金属部31和介质部32。金属部31由导体材料制成。例如，金属部31可以是铜、铝等金属材料及其合金材料制成，金属部31也可以是非金属导体、导体化合物等材料制成。介质部32由绝缘体材料制成。例如，介质部32可以为介电常数为1-20的陶瓷、塑料等绝缘体材料制成。
介质部32和金属部31可在噪声抑制板3上形成频率选择表面，频率选择表面在主板辐射的噪声电磁波入射时可感应出电流并形成辐射场，以阻止主板1上发出的噪声电磁波辐射至天线2处。例如，可以将介质部32设置为板状结构，并在介质部32中设置金属部31，使金属部31夹在介质部32中。通过调节金属部31的设置位置和形状结构，可以形成能够阻止特定频率电磁波通过的频率选择表面。
当噪声电磁波入射至频率选择表面位置时，金属部31中的电子可以在噪声电磁波对应的电场力作用下产生振荡，从而在金属部31中感应出电流。再按照所布置的位置和形状，可以在频率选择表面上产生寄生电感和/或寄生电容，使频率选择表面具有特定的谐振频率。在噪声电磁波频率等于谐振频率、或与谐振频率相近时，噪声电磁波中的绝大部分能量将转化为感应电流，以通过感应电流消耗噪声电磁波的能量。同时，感应电流可以形成辐射场改变噪声电磁波的辐射方向，从而阻止噪声电磁波辐射至天线2处，实现对噪声电磁波的抑制作用。
频率选择表面上金属部31和介质部32的具体形状和布置方式，可以根据所要抑制的噪声电磁波频率进行设置。即为了抑制不同频率的噪声电磁波，可以在噪声抑制板3上设置不同形状结构和设置位置的金属部31和介质部32。例如，金属部31的电阻率＜1×10-4(Ω·m)，介质部32的相对介电常数在1-20之间，整体结构尺寸5mm-150mm之间，则可以形成针对2-6GHz频段中的电磁波进行抑制。
在一个实施例中，如图2所示，金属部31呈C字形嵌入设置在介质部32中，以形成频率选择表面。其中，C字形结构可以是带有开口的矩形、环形以及圆角矩形等结构，包括枝节部分和开口部分。金属部31枝节部分中的电子可以感应空间中的电磁场，以产生振荡，形成感应电流。金属部31的开口部分，可以形成“金属-介质-金属”的电容结构，以在频率选择表面上产生寄生电容，消耗噪声电磁波的能量。因此，C字形结构的金属部31有利于在电磁波入射时感应出电流，并在噪声抑制板3上，特别是C字形结构的开口处产生寄生电容，从而对噪声电磁波的能量进行消耗以及形成辐射场，改变噪声电磁波的辐射方向，阻止噪声电磁波经过。
为了获得更好的噪声抑制效果，如图3所示，还可以在介质部32中设有多个金属部31。可以将多个金属部31按照特定的排列方式设置在介质部32中。例如，将4个金属部31按照2×2矩形阵列或环形阵列的方式排布在介质部32中，以提高高度方向和宽度方向的有效面积，提高对噪声电磁波的抑制效果。
多个金属部31也可以按照其他便于形成寄生电容或寄生电感结构的方式嵌入设置在介质部32中。例如，多个金属部31为一端设有开口的矩形框结构，并且多个金属部31相互嵌套设置，则可以在C字形矩形框金属部31的开口处形成寄生电容的同时，还在相邻的金属部31之间形成寄生电容，因此可以更好的消耗电磁波中的能量，提高噪声抑制效果。
以介质部32中设有两个金属部31为例，两个金属部31可以介质部32上的定点为中心相互嵌套设置。介质部32中用于相互嵌套设置的定点可以根据介质部32的具体形状进行选择。如，可以选择介质部32的中心点为该定点，以便于在介质部32中设置更多数量的金属部31。即当介质部32为矩形板状结构时，定点可以是矩形的对角线连线的交点。通过将两个金属部31的矩形框结构对角线交点与介质部32对角线交点设置为重合，实现以定点为中心的相互嵌套设置。
由于金属部31的C字形结构开口处在形成电容形结构的同时，存在一部分不连续的结构，这个不连续的结构会降低此区域对噪声电磁波的抑制效果。因此，在介质部32中设置两个金属部31时，可以将两个金属部31的矩形框开口方向相反。通过将矩形框的开口方向设置为相反的方式，可以错开多个金属部31的开口位置，使噪声抑制板3的各部分抑制效果趋于均衡，提高整体的抑制效果。
通过设置C字形结构金属部的具体尺寸参数，可以实现对特定频率的噪声电磁波进行抑制。即在一个实施例中，当天线2为WiFi天线或者蓝牙天线时，由于天线2的信号传输频率 为2.4GHz，因此频率为2.4GHz的噪声电磁波会影响WiFi天线或者蓝牙天线的信号接收过程，降低天线灵敏度。为了抑制频率为2.4GHz的噪声电磁波，可以设置金属部31的矩形框开口宽度为4-5mm，位于外圈的金属部31矩形框边长为35-45mm，位于内圈的金属部31矩形框边长为15-25mm，并设置金属部31矩形框宽度为0.1-1mm。
例如，可以设置位于外圈的金属部31边长为40mm，位于内圈的金属部31边长为20mm，金属部31的宽度均为0.5mm，材质均为纯铜。介质部32为正方形板，边长为41mm，相对介电常数为3.5，形成频率选择表面。再将噪声抑制板3以垂直于安装板4的方式设置在主板1与天线2之间的区域，可以对主板1向天线2辐射的2.4GHz噪声电磁波具有抑制作用。
基于上述带有C字形结构的噪声抑制板3，还可以通过设置金属部31和介质部32的形状，改变频率选择表面所能够抑制的噪声电磁波。例如，如图4所示，金属部31和介质部32的设置位置可以互换。即可以设置介质部32为C字形结构，设置金属部31为矩形板结构，使介质部32夹在金属部31之中。这样的结构同样可以在多处位置形成“金属-介质-金属”的电容结构，消耗噪声电磁波的能量。
在一个实施例中，如图5所示，金属部31还可以呈十字形嵌入设置在介质部32中。例如，可以通过相对介电常数为3.5的聚氯乙烯材料制成矩形板结构，形成介质部32。再通过纯铜制成十字形结构的金属部31镶嵌在介质部32矩形板结构中，组成噪声抑制板3。所形成的十字形总宽度为35-45mm，总高度为35-45mm，十字形枝节的金属宽度为5-10mm。
将带有十字形金属部31的噪声抑制板3设置在主板1与天线2之间，同样可以在特定频率的噪声电磁波入射时，可以感应出电流并形成辐射场，因此可以抑制该频率的噪声电磁波辐射至天线2位置。例如，十字形金属部31的总宽度和总高度为40mm，十字形枝节的金属宽度为5mm，则可以抑制频率为2.4GHz的噪声电磁波。
十字形结构的金属部31因其结构简单，易于加工成形，还可以简化噪声抑制板3的加工工序，降低噪声抑制板3的制作成本。十字形结构的金属部31，还便于在感应出电流后形成辐射场，使辐射场能够向远离天线2的方向辐射电磁波，即达到将噪声电磁波进行反射的效果，提高对噪声电磁波的抑制作用。同理，对于带有十字形结构的噪声抑制板3，也可以将金属部31和介质部32的位置互换，即如图6所示，介质部32呈十字形嵌入设置在金属部31中，以形成能够抑制特定频率噪声电磁波的频率选择表面。
在一个实施例中，如图7所示，金属部31呈工字形嵌入设置在介质部32中；或者，如图8所示，介质部32呈工字形嵌入设置在金属部31中，以形成频率选择表面。工字形结构的金属部31等同于由两个C字形结构的金属部31组合而成，即等同于将两个C字形结构的竖边靠在一起而组成工字形结构。例如，可以通过陶瓷材料制成矩形板状结构的介质部32，再通过纯铜制成工字形结构的金属部31镶嵌在介质部32中，组成噪声抑制板3。所形成的工字形结构总高度为15-25mm，总宽度为15-25mm，两个横边的金属枝节宽度为0.1-1mm，一个竖边的金属枝节宽度为0.2-2mm。再将噪声抑制板3设置在主板1与天线2之间，以通过噪声抑制板3上的工字形结构感应出电流并形成辐射场，达到将频率为2.4GHz的噪声电磁波进行反射的目的。
可见，在上述实施例中，通过将噪声抑制板3上的金属部31和介质部32设置为C字形、十字形、工字形等结构，可以形成频率选择表面。所形成的频率选择表面可以针对特定频率的噪声电磁波感应出电流，产生寄生电容或寄生电感，并形成辐射场，使主板1发出的噪声电磁波可以被吸收或反射，抑制噪声电磁波辐射至天线2位置处，减少噪声电磁波对天线2 收发信号的干扰，提高天线2的灵敏度。
为了提高噪声电磁波的抑制效果，在一个实施例中，可以在噪声抑制板3上设置多个金属部31和/或多个介质部32。多个金属部31或多个介质部32不仅可以在相邻的金属部31之间形成电容结构，以在噪声抑制板3上产生更多寄生电容，消耗噪声电磁波中的能量。而且可以通过多个金属部31形成针对不同频率噪声电磁波的频率选择表面，实现对多种噪声电磁波信号的抑制。
在噪声抑制板3上设置多个金属部31或多个介质部32时，多个金属部31和/或多个介质部32可以具有相同的结构，也可以具有不同的结构。即多个金属部31和/或多个介质部32的形状可以为C字形结构、十字形结构以及工字形结构中的一种或多种的组合。
其中，多个相同结构的金属部31可以增大噪声抑制板3的有效面积。例如，如图3所示，可以在矩形板结构的介质部32中设置4个C字形结构的金属部31，形成包括多个金属枝节的频率选择表面。这4个金属部31中，可以每两个为一组，每组均为相互嵌套式结构。则相对于包括两个C字形结构金属部31的噪声抑制板3，包括4个C字形结构金属部31的噪声抑制板3可以增加噪声抑制板3的有效面积近一倍，有效提高噪声抑制效果。同时，由于两组中位于外圈的金属部31在相邻的两条边位置也能够产生“金属-介质-金属”的电容结构，因此还能便于在相邻两条边位置处产生寄生电容，从而消耗噪声电磁波中的能量，提高噪声抑制效果。
同理，还可以根据实际抑制效果的需要，以及电子设备的内部空间状况，在噪声抑制板3中设置更多组或更多数量的C字形结构金属部31。例如，噪声抑制板3可以包括三组(6个)C字形结构金属部31，以及四组(8个)C字形结构金属部31。并且，多组C字形结构金属部31的排布方式可以根据天线2与主板1之间的空间大小进行设置。例如，当主板1和天线2之间区域的空间宽度较大，但高度较小时，可以将多组C字形结构金属部31在噪声抑制板3上呈一字形并排分布。而当主板1和天线2之间区域的空间宽度较小，但高度较大时，则可以将多组C字形结构金属部31在噪声抑制板3上呈m×n多层并列分布，以在主板1与天线2具有不同的位置关系时，能够有针对性的抑制噪声电磁波穿过噪声抑制板3。
而当噪声抑制板3上设置有多个结构不同的金属部31时，可以利用多个不同结构的金属部31抑制不同的频率的噪声电磁波。例如，如图9所示，在矩形板结构的介质部32中可以设置两组金属部31。其中，位于图中左侧的一组包括两个相互嵌套设置的C字形结构金属部31，位于图中右侧的一组包括一个十字形结构的金属部31。
两组金属部31可以针对两种噪声频率具有抑制效果。例如，针对带有双WiFi天线的电子设备，两个WiFi天线的传输频率分别为2.4GHz和5.0GHz。相应的，主板1辐射的电磁波中，频率为2.4GHz和5.0GHz的电磁波都能够影响到天线2的传输过程，即可以通过调整两组金属部31的形状结构和位置关系，将左侧的一组C字形结构金属部31设置为抑制2.4GHz的噪声电磁波，将右侧的一组C字形结构金属部31设置为抑制5.0GHz的噪声电磁波。使得噪声抑制板3能够同时对频率为2.4GHz和5.0GHz的噪声电磁波进行抑制。
可见，通过在噪声抑制板3上设置多个结构不同的金属部31，可以对主板1辐射的电磁波中的多种噪声电磁波具有抑制效果，因此可以适应多天线或多传输频率的通信方式，减小噪声电磁波对天线2收发性能的影响。
需要说明的是，在上述实施例中，所述噪声抑制板3上包括多个结构不同的金属部31中的结构不同可以指代形状完全不同，例如一组金属部31为C字形结构，另一组金属部31为 十字形结构；也可以指代形状部分不同，例如两组金属部31均为C字形结构，但两组金属部31的开口大小、边长以及枝节宽度不同，同样可以达到对不同频率的噪声电磁波产生抑制效果。此外，对于不同形状的多个金属部31，也可以实现针对同一频率的噪声电磁波具有抑制效果。例如，一组金属部31为C字形结构，另一组金属部31为十字形结构时，但通过设置两组金属部31的形状结构和设置位置，同样可以实现针对2.4GHz的噪声电磁波进行抑制，从而充分利用噪声抑制板3上的空间，增加噪声抑制板3的有效面积。
在上述实施例中，噪声抑制板3需要设置在主板1与天线2之间的位置，才能够抑制主板1辐射的电磁波传输至天线2处。并且，噪声抑制板3与主板1距离过近时，容易导致主板1上辐射的电磁波从噪声抑制板3的有效表面之外辐射至天线2处，即降低了对噪声电磁波的抑制效果。而在噪声抑制板3与天线2距离过近时，容易导致噪声抑制板3侵入天线2的净空区，影响天线2的信号收发过程。因此，设置噪声抑制板3的位置时，噪声抑制板3不宜与主板1或天线2的位置过近，例如，可以设置噪声抑制板3相距主板1的距离＞1mm，相距天线2的距离＞1mm。
为了使噪声抑制板3能够更有效地抑制噪声电磁波，在一个实施例中，可以将噪声抑制板3设置在主板1与天线2之间的电磁极值点位置。其中，电磁极值点位置是指主板1与天线2之间的区域中，电磁波辐射所形成的电场强度极大值或磁场强度极小值点所对应的位置。
由于主板1上的多个电气元件均能够产生噪声信号，在主板1上所包含的电气元件数量、类型和位置不同时，主板1向外辐射的电磁波强度分布方式也不同。因此在设置噪声抑制板3的位置时，可以通过测量电场强度或磁场强度，确定电场强度极大值或磁场强度极小值点所对应的位置，即查找主板1与天线2之间的电磁极值点位置。再将噪声抑制板3设置在确定的电磁极值点位置，以抑制噪声电磁波辐射至天线2处。
在查找主板1与天线2之间的电磁极值点位置时，也可以在确定主板1上所包含的电气元件，以及主板1和天线2的位置关系后。根据主板1和天线2构建虚拟模型，再通过软件仿真实验模拟主板1的电磁波辐射过程，从而根据仿真结果确定电磁极值点位置。最后将噪声抑制板3设置在确定的电磁极值点位置，以抑制噪声电磁波辐射至天线2处。
例如，如图10所示，通过测量或者仿真可以确定电磁极值点位置为距离主板1下方25mm和距离主板1左侧12.5mm的位置，则在将噪声抑制板3设置在该电磁极值点位置时，可以对主板1辐射出的大部分电磁波具有抑制效果。
如图11所示，通过实际测试，在电磁极值点位置设置噪声抑制板3可以使主板1上的噪声通过噪声抑制板的频率选择表面进行滤波，使辐射到wifi天线或蓝牙天线处的噪声强度降低12dB，即获得12dB的噪声抑制效果，而通过金属墙隔板对噪声信号的抑制不足3dB。可见，通过将噪声抑制板3设置在电磁极值点位置，可以使用体积较小的噪声抑制板3获得与大面积屏蔽罩或隔板相同或更好的噪声抑制效果。使噪声抑制板3不会占用电子设备过多的内部空间，便于设计电子设备的内部空间布局，实现轻薄化设计。
由于在主板1上设置有多个能够辐射噪声信号的电气元件，并且多个电气元件分布在多个位置。以及，电子设备中可以包括多个天线2，则主板1辐射的电磁波可以在主板1与天线2之间形成多个电磁极值点位置。为此，在一些实施例中，还可以在主板1与天线2之间设有多个噪声抑制板3，使得每个电磁极值点位置上可以分别设置有一个或多个噪声抑制板3。例如，针对主板1与一个天线2之间的区域，可以通过测量或者仿真确定在主板1与天线2之间包括两处电磁极值点位置。再将两个噪声抑制板3分别设置在两个电磁极值点位置上， 以便抑制两个经过电磁极值点位置的噪声电磁波。
又例如，如图12所示，当电子设备包括两个天线2时，由于两个天线2设置在主板1不同的两个方向，通过一个噪声抑制板3无法实现对辐射至两个天线2的噪声电磁波进行抑制。因此，可以在两个天线2与主板1之间的区域分别设置噪声抑制板3，并且噪声抑制板3的具体位置处于两个中间区域的电磁极值点位置，抑制主板1辐射的噪声信号传递至两个天线2位置处。
在上述实施例中，噪声抑制板3同样可以通过金属部31和介质部32形成频率选择表面，如包括C字形结构、十字形结构以及工字形结构的金属部31或介质部32，从而针对每个天线2的传输频率，抑制相应频率的噪声电磁波。
显然，针对在主板1和天线2之间设置的多个噪声抑制板3，也可以设置不同的噪声抑制板2为不同的结构。即在一个实施例中，多个噪声抑制板3上的金属部31或介质部32为C字形结构、十字形结构以及工字形结构中的一种或多种的组合，以形成用于阻止不同频率的噪声电磁波的频率选择表面。
例如，当电子设备中包括传输频率为2.4GHz和5.0GHz的两个WiFi天线，且两个天线2位于主板1的不同侧时，可以在两侧分别设置至少一个噪声抑制板3。并且，由于两侧的天线2传输频率不同，因此所设置的噪声抑制板3的具体结构也不同。即如图13所示，位于主板1左侧的噪声抑制板3包括两个C字形结构的金属部31，能够抑制频率为2.4GHz的噪声电磁波；位于主板1右侧的噪声抑制板3包括一个工字形结构的金属部31，能够抑制频率为5.0GHz的噪声电磁波。通过设置具有不同结构的噪声抑制板3，可以针对不同频率的噪声电磁波进行抑制，提高多个天线2的灵敏度。
需要说明的是，对于主板1与一个天线2之间的区域，在设置多个噪声抑制板3时，也可以将多个噪声抑制板3设置为包括不同形状的金属部31或介质部32。例如，在主板1与一个天线2之间可以设置两个噪声抑制板3，其中一个噪声抑制板3包括十字形的金属部31，另一个噪声抑制板包括工字形的金属部31。从而通过两个噪声抑制板3抑制两个频率的噪声电磁波，或者通过两个噪声抑制板3增加具有抑制作用的频率选择表面的面积，在不增加每个噪声抑制板3板面面积的前提下，达到更好的噪声电磁波抑制效果。
根据上述实施例，噪声抑制板3可以在设置于主板1与天线2之间后，抑制主板1向天线2辐射的噪声信号。但主板1上部分电气元件产生的电磁波可以直接辐射也可以通过与之邻近的其他电气元件进行辐射。例如，当主板1上包括芯片11时，为了散发芯片11所产生的热量，在芯片11的邻近区域通常设有散热金属片12。散热金属片12可以由铝、铜等易导热的金属材料制成，用于承载芯片11的散热功能。由于散热金属片12由金属材料制成，因此在承载散热功能同时，还将芯片11产生的电磁波进行辐射。而散热金属片12相对于芯片11的表面积更大，因此更容易将电磁波辐射至天线2处。
为此，在一些实施例中，如果主板1上设有芯片11和散热金属片12，则可以将噪声抑制板3设置在散热金属片12向安装板4正投影所覆盖的范围之外，以阻止通过散热金属片12辐射的噪声电磁波辐射至天线2处。
例如，如图14所示，主板1上包括一个10×10mm的芯片11，在芯片11上方设有一个50×50mm的散热金属片12。散热金属片12与芯片11接触，或者与通过导热硅脂与芯片11贴合。则在主板1运行过程中，芯片11会产生电磁波，产生的电磁波可以传导至散热金属片12，并通过散热金属片12向外辐射。由于电磁波可以通过整个散热金属片12向外辐射，因 此如果将噪声抑制板13设置在散热金属片12向安装板4正投影覆盖的范围以内，则噪声电磁波可以通过散热金属片12的边缘位置辐射到天线2处，无法抑制噪声电磁波。
因此，为了抑制噪声电磁波辐射至天线2的位置，可以将噪声抑制板3设置在散热金属片12向安装板4正投影所覆盖的范围之外。如此，通过散热金属片12任意位置向天线2方向辐射的噪声电磁波都需要经过噪声抑制板3所在的区域，也就能够受到噪声抑制板3的抑制作用，减少噪声电磁波对天线2信号收发过程的影响。
在上述实施例中，噪声抑制板3可以抑制特定频率的电磁波，但由于天线2除接收电磁波外，还具有电磁波发射功能，而当设置噪声抑制板3时，噪声抑制板3可能对天线2发出的电磁波造成抑制，影响天线2的通信质量。因此，在一些实施例中，如图16所示，安装板4上设有屏蔽区5，屏蔽区5是指在安装板4上天线2的净空区以外其他区域。例如，当天线2设置在矩形安装板4的边缘位置时，屏蔽区5为安装板4上距离边缘区域一定间隔距离的矩形区域。噪声抑制板3设置在屏蔽区5范围内，可以防止噪声抑制板3侵占天线2的净空区，减小对天线2正常通信过程的影响。
此外，在一个实施例中，由于主板1上设有高速信号线等电气元件，这些电气元件可以在向天线2传递电信号的过程中，向外辐射电磁波信号，即在主板1上形成共模噪声辐射。因此，可以通过设置噪声抑制板3上的频率选择表面，调整金属部31和介质部32的形状和尺寸参数，使噪声抑制板可以抑制主板1上辐射的共模噪声。例如，电子设备上的天线2为WiFi天线或者蓝牙天线，则主板1上辐射的频率为2.4GHz的共模噪声，将会影响到WiFi天线或者蓝牙天线的信号收发过程，降低WiFi天线或者蓝牙天线的灵敏度。为此，可以通过设置噪声抑制板3上的金属部31呈十字形嵌入设置在介质部32中，并调整十字形结构的尺寸参数，形成针对2.4GHz频率的频率选择表面，达到抑制主板1上共模噪声的效果。
由以上技术方案可知，上述实施例提供的电子设备可以通过在主板1与天线2之间设置噪声抑制板3，使噪声抑制板3的频率选择表面对主板1向天线2方向辐射的噪声电磁波进行抑制，减少噪声电磁波对天线2收发信号过程的影响。并且噪声抑制板3通过金属部31和介质部32形成的频率选择表面不仅可以抑制噪声电磁波穿过，提高天线2的灵敏度，而且可以通过较小的板面面积获得较好的噪声抑制效果，减小对电子设备内部空间的占用。
在上述实施例中，所述电子设备为智慧大屏、路由器、笔记本或平板等电子产品中的任意一种，所述天线为wifi天线或蓝牙天线。
基于上述实施例中提供的电子设备，本申请的部分实施例还提供一种通信系统，包括发送端和接收端。其中，发送端用于根据具体的通信数据生成电磁波信号，并通过无线通信方式直接或间接地向接收端发送电磁波信号，接收端用于从发送端接收电磁波信号，以及从电磁波信号中解析具体的通信数据内容。
为了传输通信数据，发送端与接收端可建立通信连接，即发送端和接收端可以按照约定的信号生成和信号解析方式传递电磁波信号，如均采用频率为2.4GHz的电磁波信号传递数据。发送端和/或接收端包括上述实施例中提供的电子设备。由于电子设备包括噪声抑制板，并通过体积较小的噪声抑制板实现抑制从主板辐射至天线位置处的噪声电磁波，因此电子设备的整体体积可以更加轻薄，有利于简化通信系统规模，提高信号传输灵敏度。
需要说明的是，本实施例提供的通信系统中，在不同的通信过程中可以使不同的电子设备作为发送端和接收端。例如，在电子设备A向电子设备B发送数据时，电子设备A作为发送端，电子设备B作为接收端；而在电子设备B向电子设备A反馈数据时，电子设备B作 为发送端，电子设备A作为接收端，从而适应不同的数据收发过程。
通信系统所包含的电子设备可以根据通信系统的不同应用场景采用不同类型的设备。例如，作为发送端或接收端的电子设备可以是户外通信基站、智能终端设备、智能可穿戴设备、网络中继设备等。关于本申请实施例提供的技术方案在其他设计中的应用，此处不再具体赘述，本领域技术人员在本申请实施例的技术构思的启示下，还能够想到将本申请实施例的技术方案应用到其他设计中，这些设计均没有超出本申请实施例的保护范围。
本领域技术人员在考虑说明书及实践这里公开的申请后，将容易想到本申请的其它实施方案。本申请旨在涵盖本申请的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化，这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本申请的一般性原理并包括本申请未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和实施例仅被视为示例性的，本申请的真正范围和精神由下面的权利要求指出。
应当理解的是，本申请并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的精确结构，并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本申请的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：安装板、主板、天线以及噪声抑制板；
    所述主板、天线以及噪声抑制板均设置在所述安装板上；所述噪声抑制板位于所述主板和所述天线之间；
    其中，所述噪声抑制板包括介质部和金属部；所述介质部和所述金属部形成频率选择表面，所述频率选择表面在所述主板辐射的噪声电磁波入射时产生感应电流并形成电磁波反射，以阻止所述噪声电磁波辐射至所述天线处。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述金属部呈C字形嵌入设置在所述介质部中，以形成所述频率选择表面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述介质部中设有多个所述金属部，每个所述金属部为一端设有开口的矩形框结构。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述介质部中设置有两个所述金属部，两个所述金属部以所述介质部上的定点为中心相互嵌套设置；两个所述金属部的矩形框开口方向相反。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述金属部的矩形框开口宽度为4-5mm，位于外圈的所述金属部矩形框边长为35-45mm，位于内圈的所述金属部矩形框边长为15-25mm，所述金属部矩形框宽度为0.1-1mm。
  6. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述金属部和所述介质部的设置位置可互换，以在互换位置后，使所述介质部呈C字形嵌入设置在所述金属部中。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述金属部呈十字形嵌入设置在所述介质部中；或者，所述介质部呈十字形嵌入设置在所述金属部中，以形成所述频率选择表面。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述金属部呈工字形嵌入设置在所述介质部中；或者，所述介质部呈工字形嵌入设置在所述金属部中，以形成所述频率选择表面。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述噪声抑制板包括多个金属部和/或多个介质部；
    多个所述金属部和/或多个所述介质部为C字形结构、十字形结构以及工字形结构中的一种或多种的组合。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述噪声抑制板设置在所述主板与所述天线之间的电磁极值点位置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述主板与所述天线之间设有多个噪声抑制板，多个噪声抑制板分别设置在一个或多个电磁极值点位置上。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    多个所述噪声抑制板上的金属部或介质部为C字形结构、十字形结构以及工字形结构中的一种或多种的组合，以形成用于阻止不同频率的噪声电磁波的频率选择表面。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述主板上设有散热金属片，所述散热金属片用于承载所述主板的散热功能；所述噪声抑制板设置在所述散热金属片向所述安装板正投影所覆盖的范围之外，以阻止通过所述散热金属片辐射的噪声电磁波辐射至所述天线处。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述安装板上设有屏蔽区，所述屏蔽区为在所述安装板上所述天线净空区以外的区域；所述噪声抑制板设置在所述屏蔽区范围内。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其特征在于，
    所述天线为WiFi天线或蓝牙天线，所述主板可辐射共模噪声，所述噪声抑制板用于抑制所述共模噪声。
  16. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括发送端和接收端；所述发送端与所述接收端建立通信连接，所述发送端和/或所述接收端包括权利要求1-15任一项所述的电子设备。
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