WO2022224659A1 - 可変容量型過給機 - Google Patents
可変容量型過給機 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022224659A1 WO2022224659A1 PCT/JP2022/012684 JP2022012684W WO2022224659A1 WO 2022224659 A1 WO2022224659 A1 WO 2022224659A1 JP 2022012684 W JP2022012684 W JP 2022012684W WO 2022224659 A1 WO2022224659 A1 WO 2022224659A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flow path
- nozzle
- housing
- liquid flow
- variable
- Prior art date
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- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
- F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
- F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
- F01D17/165—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for radial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially parallel to the rotor centre line
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/32—Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/24—Control of the pumps by using pumps or turbines with adjustable guide vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/10—Stators
- F05D2240/12—Fluid guiding means, e.g. vanes
- F05D2240/128—Nozzles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a variable capacity supercharger.
- variable displacement turbocharger equipped with a variable nozzle unit is known.
- the variable nozzle unit includes nozzle vanes that adjust the flow of gas passing through the turbine wheel, and a drive section that drives the nozzle vanes.
- the nozzle vanes are rotatably attached to the nozzle ring via a nozzle shaft, and the drive section drives the nozzle vanes by rotating the nozzle shaft.
- a housing of the variable displacement supercharger is provided with a drive chamber that houses a drive unit. For example, when a variable displacement supercharger is used in a cold region, if water in the gas in the drive chamber stays and freezes, it may hinder the movement of the drive unit.
- variable capacity turbocharger in which a drain hole or the like is provided in the lower part of the drive chamber (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2006-177318, 2009-74492, 2009-228450). , Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2012-102660 and 2015-63944).
- the hole provided in the drive chamber tends to be a narrow area due to the relationship with other structural members. was there.
- the present disclosure provides a variable capacity supercharger that can improve the discharge of liquid such as water in the drive chamber.
- variable displacement supercharger that includes a turbine wheel, a housing that houses the turbine wheel, and a variable nozzle unit housed in the housing.
- the variable nozzle unit includes nozzle vanes arranged on a flow path of gas introduced into the turbine wheel, a nozzle ring that rotatably supports the nozzle vanes, and a nozzle ring arranged on the opposite side of the nozzle vanes. and a drive unit for rotating.
- the housing includes a drive chamber that houses the drive unit, and a liquid flow path that communicates with the drive chamber.
- the driving chamber has an inner peripheral facing surface facing the outer peripheral portion of the driving portion, and the surface roughness of the flow channel surface of the liquid flow channel is at least the surface roughness of the region connected to the liquid flow channel in the inner peripheral facing surface. bigger than
- the above variable displacement turbocharger has a drive chamber that houses the drive unit, and the drive chamber has an inner peripheral facing surface that faces the outer peripheral portion of the drive unit. Liquid such as water contained in the gas in the drive chamber tends to stay on the surface facing the inner periphery.
- the housing is provided with a fluid passage communicating into the drive chamber for discharging this fluid. Therefore, by mounting the variable displacement turbocharger on a vehicle or the like so that the area connected to the liquid flow path in the inner peripheral facing surface is vertically lower, the liquid generated in the drive chamber can be controlled by the liquid flow. It can be discharged from the road.
- the surface roughness of the flow path surface of the liquid flow path is greater than the surface roughness of the region of the inner periphery facing surface that is connected to the liquid flow path.
- the housing of the variable displacement supercharger is made of metal, and the surface of the housing, at least the surface facing the inner periphery of the drive chamber and the flow path surface of the liquid flow path, forms a substantially hydrophilic surface.
- the larger the surface roughness the smaller the contact angle of water droplets, which makes it easier for water droplets to pass through narrow gaps. In other words, even if the liquid stays on the surface facing the inner periphery, the liquid can easily escape to the side of the liquid flow path having a larger surface roughness, thereby improving the liquid discharge performance.
- At least part of the flow path surface of the liquid flow path may be flush with the inner peripheral facing surface. If the flow path surface of the liquid flow path and the surface facing the inner circumference are provided with a continuous flush portion without a step, the liquid is less likely to remain due to the step, and the liquid can be discharged more easily.
- the housing may include a scroll flowpath formed around the turbine wheel.
- the liquid channel may be formed so as to allow communication between the scroll channel and the drive chamber. The liquid discharged to the scroll flow path is quickly evaporated and lost by the driving of the turbine impeller, so that the liquid discharge performance can be improved.
- the housing may be provided between the drive chamber and the scroll flow path and have an inner wall portion overlapping the outer peripheral portion of the nozzle ring.
- a balance hole may be provided in the outer periphery of the nozzle ring to reduce the pressure difference between the drive chamber and the scroll passage.
- the inner wall may be provided with a liquid flow path that at least partially overlaps the balance hole. If at least a portion of the liquid flow path overlaps the balance hole, the liquid flow path can easily widen the area communicating with the drive chamber while avoiding the nozzle ring, thereby improving the discharge performance of the liquid.
- the liquid flow path is provided at least two circumferentially along the direction of rotation of the turbine wheel, and the phase angle between one liquid flow path and the other liquid flow path is may be greater than or equal to 8° and less than or equal to 23°. Even when a vehicle or the like equipped with a variable displacement supercharger is parked, for example, on a sloping ground, the liquid remaining in the drive chamber is easily discharged from one of the liquid flow paths, and the liquid is discharged. can improve sexuality.
- the flow channel surface and the inner periphery facing surface of the liquid flow channel may be hydrophilic surfaces.
- the balance holes may be provided at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction of the nozzle ring, and the plurality of balance holes may be provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the nozzle ring.
- the flow channel cross section of the liquid flow channel may be provided so that the entire circumferential width of the nozzle ring fits within the flow channel cross section of the balance hole.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a variable displacement supercharger according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the area indicated by symbol A in FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a drawing taken along line IV-IV of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the contact angle of a water droplet and the shape of the water droplet, and FIG.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the water droplet on a flat surface and the contact angle
- (b) is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the contact angle and the shape of a water droplet in the case of a hydrophilic surface
- (c) is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the contact angle and the shape of a water droplet in the case of a hydrophobic surface. It is a figure explaining.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows the relationship between the inclination of a vehicle or the like equipped with a variable displacement turbocharger and the position of the drain passage
- FIG. 6(a) shows the arrangement of the drain passage according to the embodiment. It is explanatory drawing and the figure of (b) is explanatory drawing which shows the arrangement
- a variable displacement supercharger 1 (see FIG. 1) according to the embodiment is applied to internal combustion engines of ships and vehicles, for example.
- a variable displacement supercharger 1 includes a turbine 2 and a compressor 3 .
- the turbine 2 has a turbine housing 4 and a turbine wheel 6 housed in the turbine housing 4 .
- the turbine housing 4 has a scroll flow path 16 extending in the circumferential direction (rotational direction of the turbine wheel 6) around the turbine wheel 6.
- the compressor 3 includes a compressor housing 5 and a compressor impeller 7 housed in the compressor housing 5 .
- the compressor housing 5 has a scroll passage 17 extending in the circumferential direction (rotational direction of the compressor impeller 7) around the compressor impeller 7.
- FIG. 1 shows that is applied to internal combustion engines of ships and vehicles, for example.
- a variable displacement supercharger 1 includes a turbine 2 and a compressor 3 .
- the turbine 2 has a turbine housing 4 and a turbine wheel 6 housed in the turbine housing 4 .
- the turbine wheel 6 is provided at one end of the rotating shaft 14, and the compressor wheel 7 is provided at the other end of the rotating shaft 14.
- a bearing housing 13 is provided between the turbine housing 4 and the compressor housing 5 .
- the rotating shaft 14 is rotatably supported by the bearing housing 13 via the bearings 15 , and the rotating shaft 14 , the turbine wheel 6 and the compressor wheel 7 rotate about the rotation axis H as the integral rotating body 12 .
- the housing 8 of the variable displacement supercharger 1 includes a turbine housing 4 , a bearing housing 13 and a compressor housing 5 .
- the turbine housing 4 is provided with an exhaust gas inlet (not shown) and an exhaust gas outlet 10 .
- Exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine (not shown) flows into the turbine housing 4 through the exhaust gas inlet and into the turbine wheel 6 through the scroll passage 16 to rotate the turbine wheel 6 . After that, the exhaust gas flows out of the turbine housing 4 through the exhaust gas outlet 10 .
- the compressor housing 5 is provided with a suction port 9 and a discharge port (not shown).
- the compressor wheel 7 rotates via the rotating shaft 14 .
- the rotating compressor wheel 7 takes in outside air through an inlet 9, compresses it, and discharges it through a scroll passage 17 from an outlet. Compressed air discharged from the discharge port is supplied to the aforementioned internal combustion engine.
- the turbine 2 is a variable displacement turbine and has a gas inlet passage 21 connecting the scroll passage 16 and the turbine wheel 6 .
- the gas inflow path 21 is a flow path for exhaust gas introduced into the turbine wheel 6 .
- a plurality of movable nozzle vanes 23 are arranged on the gas inflow path 21 .
- the plurality of nozzle vanes 23 are arranged on a circumference centered on the rotation axis H, and each nozzle vane 23 rotates around an axis parallel to the rotation axis H. As shown in FIG. Rotation of the nozzle vanes 23 optimally adjusts the cross-sectional area of the gas flow path according to the flow rate of the exhaust gas introduced into the turbine 2 .
- the turbine 2 has a variable nozzle unit 25 as a driving mechanism for rotating the nozzle vanes 23 .
- variable nozzle unit 25 is housed inside the housing 8 . Specifically, the variable nozzle unit 25 is fitted inside the turbine housing 4 adjacent to the turbine wheel 6 , and is sandwiched and fixed between the turbine housing 4 and the bearing housing 13 .
- the variable nozzle unit 25 has the plurality of nozzle vanes 23 described above, and a first nozzle ring 31 (an example of a nozzle ring) and a second nozzle ring 32 that sandwich the nozzle vanes 23 in the rotation axis H direction.
- the first nozzle ring 31 and the second nozzle ring 32 each have a ring shape centered on the rotation axis H, and surround the turbine wheel 6 in the circumferential direction (the rotation direction of the turbine wheel 6). are placed.
- the first nozzle ring 31 and the second nozzle ring 32 are opposed to each other with a predetermined gap provided by the connecting pin 35 .
- a region formed between the first nozzle ring 31 and the second nozzle ring 32 serves as the aforementioned gas inflow passage 21 .
- the second nozzle ring 32 faces the scroll channel 16 (see FIG. 1) and forms part of the inner wall of the scroll channel 16 .
- the rotation shaft 23a of each nozzle vane 23 penetrates through the first nozzle ring 31, and the first nozzle ring 31 supports each nozzle vane 23 in a cantilever manner.
- the nozzle vanes 23 according to the present embodiment are arranged at equal intervals on the circumference, they may be arranged at irregular intervals.
- the first nozzle ring 31 is an example of a nozzle ring that rotatably supports the nozzle vanes 23 .
- the variable nozzle unit 25 has a drive section 26 that rotates the nozzle vanes 23 .
- the driving portion 26 is arranged on the opposite side of the nozzle vanes 23 with the first nozzle ring 31 interposed therebetween.
- the drive portion 26 includes a drive ring 27 , a plurality of nozzle link plates 28 and a drive link plate 29 .
- the drive ring 27 is a member that transmits an externally input force to the nozzle vanes 23 as a driving force for rotating the nozzle vanes 23 .
- the drive ring 27 has a ring shape extending on a circumference around the rotation axis H. As shown in FIG.
- the drive ring 27 is attached to a support member fixed to the housing 8 and supported by the support member so as to be rotatable about the rotation axis H. As shown in FIG.
- a plurality of nozzle link plates 28 are attached to the rotating shafts 23a of the nozzle vanes 23, respectively.
- the plurality of nozzle link plates 28 are circumferentially arranged at regular intervals inside the drive ring 27 .
- the drive link plate 29 is arranged so as to line up with the nozzle link plate 28 .
- the drive link plate 29 is tilted (rotated) by receiving a driving force from the outside, and the tilt causes the drive ring 27 to rotate.
- the plurality of nozzle link plates 28 rotate following the rotation of the drive ring 27, and rotate the nozzle vanes 23 via the respective rotation shafts 23a.
- the drive link plate 29 and the drive ring 27 cooperate to rotate the nozzle link plate 28, and the rotation causes the nozzle link plate 28 to rotate.
- the housing 8 has a drive chamber 40 that accommodates the drive section 26.
- the drive chamber 40 is provided at the connection point between the turbine housing 4 and the bearing housing 13 and has an inner wall surface 41 surrounding the drive portion 26 .
- the driving portion 26 has an outer peripheral portion 27a.
- the outer peripheral portion 27a is a portion outside the rotating turbine wheel 6 in the centrifugal direction (radial direction) Da.
- the outer peripheral end surface of the driving ring 27 forms at least a portion of the outer peripheral portion 27a.
- a region of the wall inner surface 41 that faces the outer peripheral portion 27 a of the driving portion 26 is an inner peripheral facing surface 42 .
- the inner peripheral facing surface 42 may retain the liquid L when the liquid L such as water is generated in the drive chamber 40 . It is the surface of a sensitive area.
- the housing 8 has an inner wall portion 43 provided between the drive chamber 40 and the scroll passage 16 .
- the inner wall portion 43 partitions the drive chamber 40 and the scroll flow path 16 in cooperation with the first nozzle ring 31 .
- the inner wall portion 43 is provided inside the turbine housing 4 and is erected so as to protrude inward (in a direction opposite to the centrifugal direction Da) from the inner peripheral facing surface 42 of the drive chamber 40 .
- the inner wall portion 43 is a wall provided in an annular shape along the entire circumference of the outer peripheral portion 31 b of the first nozzle ring 31 .
- the first nozzle ring 31 includes a main body portion 31a that rotatably supports the nozzle vanes 23 (see FIG. 1) and a thin outer peripheral portion 31b that protrudes outward (in the centrifugal direction Da) from the main body portion 31a in a flange shape. and have.
- a stepped portion 31c is formed between the body portion 31a and the outer peripheral portion 31b. Note that, for example, the main body portion 31a and the outer peripheral portion 31b may be substantially continuous with the same plate thickness without the stepped portion 31c.
- the outer peripheral portion 31b of the first nozzle ring 31 has a first side surface 43a on the scroll flow path 16 side and a second side surface 43b on the drive chamber 40 side.
- the inner wall portion 43 overlaps the first side surface 43a. At least part of the inner wall portion 43 is arranged to fit within the gap formed by the stepped portion 31c.
- the inner wall portion 43 is provided with a drain channel 44 (an example of a liquid channel) that communicates between the drive chamber 40 and the scroll channel 16 .
- the drain passage 44 has a function of discharging the liquid L when the liquid L such as water contained in the gas stays in the drive chamber 40 .
- the drain passage 44 can be provided so as to extend in the rotation axis H direction, for example. By providing the drain passage 44 so as to extend in the direction of the rotation axis H, the manufacture becomes easier. Moreover, the drain passage 44 can be provided so as to extend in a direction obliquely inclined with respect to the rotation axis H direction, for example.
- the drain channel 44 By providing the drain channel 44 so as to be inclined with respect to the direction of the rotation axis H, the discharge performance is improved.
- the drain channel 44 may be slanted such that the other end near the scroll channel 16 is lower than the one end near the drive chamber 40 .
- the drain channel 44 is a groove, and the cross section of the channel has a shape in which a part of the outer edge is opened, such as a semicircular shape or a U shape.
- the drain channel 44 may be a through hole, and the cross section of the channel may have a shape in which the entire periphery of the outer edge is closed, such as a circular shape, an elliptical shape, or any other shape.
- a portion of the flow path surface 44 a of the drain flow path 44 continues flush with the inner peripheral facing surface 42 of the drive chamber 40 .
- the flow channel surface 44 a of the drain flow channel 44 may have, for example, a structure in which there is no portion that continues flush with the inner periphery facing surface 42 .
- a step occurs between the flow path surface 44a of the drain flow path 44 and the inner peripheral facing surface 42, but at least the water level of the liquid L staying on the inner peripheral facing surface 42 (from the lowest surface of the liquid L) When the height to the surface of the water) increases to exceed the step, the liquid L can be drained through the drain passage 44 .
- the surface roughness of the flow channel surface 44a of the drain flow channel 44 is greater than the surface roughness of at least the area 42a connected to the drain flow channel 44 of the inner peripheral facing surface 42 (see FIG. 4).
- the surface roughness is represented by dots, and the denser the dots, the greater the surface roughness.
- the region 42 a of the inner peripheral facing surface 42 connected to the drain passage 44 is a region where the extension region of the drain channel 44 extended toward the inner peripheral facing surface 42 overlaps the inner peripheral facing surface 42 . means.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the properties of the surface with which the water droplets La come in contact and the contact angle.
- FIG. (b) is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the contact angle and the shape of the water droplet La when the surface is a hydrophilic surface
- the diagram (c) is a diagram showing the contact angle when the surface is a hydrophobic surface. It is a figure which shows roughly the relationship between an angle
- ⁇ indicates the contact angle on the flat surface Sf
- ⁇ w indicates the contact angle on the rough surface Sg having a larger surface roughness than the flat surface Sf.
- the contact angle ⁇ w of the rough surface Sg can be obtained by the following Wenzel's formula (1).
- r indicates the ratio of the actual surface area to the apparent surface area
- "r>1” means that the surface roughness is greater than that of the flat surface Sf.
- the contact angle ⁇ on the flat surface Sf is smaller than 90°, and the contact angle ⁇ w decreases as the surface roughness increases with respect to the flat surface Sf.
- the contact angle ⁇ on the flat surface Sf is larger than 90°, and the contact angle ⁇ w increases as the surface roughness increases with respect to the flat surface Sf.
- the smaller the contact angle ⁇ w the smaller the contact angle ⁇ w, the narrower the gap, and the better the discharge performance.
- the housing 8 of the variable displacement supercharger 1 is basically made of metal, and the surface of the housing 8 forms a hydrophilic surface. In other words, the greater the surface roughness, the smaller the contact angle and the easier it is to penetrate narrow gaps.
- the surface roughness of the flow path surface 44 a of the drain flow path 44 is greater than the surface roughness of the region 42 a of the inner peripheral facing surface 42 connected to the drain flow path 44 .
- the liquid L staying on the inner periphery facing surface 42 moves into the flow path surface 44 a of the drain flow path 44 so as to be sucked into the scroll flow path 16 via the drain flow path 44 , for example. Ejected.
- the turbine housing 4 can be made of, for example, ductile cast iron, Niresist cast iron, cast steel materials, etc., depending on the temperature of the exhaust gas, and can be manufactured by applying a precision casting method such as a shell mold method or a cold box method.
- the drain passage 44 is formed, for example, by cutting (drilling) the turbine housing 4 manufactured by the above method. During this cutting, the surface roughness of the flow path surface 44a of the drain flow path 44 is made larger than the surface roughness of the wall inner surface 41 of the drive chamber 40 of the turbine housing 4, particularly the surface roughness of the inner peripheral facing surface 42. adjust. Further, after cutting the drain passage 44, it is possible to treat the surface of the drain passage 44 so that the surface roughness of the passage surface 44a of the drain passage 44 becomes relatively large.
- the entire turbine housing 4 including the drain passage 44 can be manufactured by a general casting method or the like.
- the surface roughness of the turbine housing 4 is increased compared to the precision casting method. Therefore, the flow channel surface 44a of the drain flow channel 44 can be left as it is, and the inner peripheral facing surface 42 can be machined or polished. That is, it is also possible to perform machining or polishing so that the surface roughness of the flow path surface 44 a of the drain flow path 44 is greater than the surface roughness of the inner periphery facing surface 42 .
- the balance hole 33 is a groove or through hole that communicates the drive chamber 40 and the scroll flow path 16 .
- the balance hole 33 has the function of reducing the pressure difference that occurs between the drive chamber 40 and the scroll passage 16 . This function will be explained in more detail.
- the first nozzle ring 31 (see FIG. 1) is pressed against the bearing housing 13 via a disc spring 30a, a heat shield plate 30b, etc., and is held at a predetermined position.
- the pressure in the scroll passage 16 becomes higher than the pressure in the drive chamber 40, and if this state is maintained, the contact load of the disc spring 30a supporting the first nozzle ring 31 becomes larger than necessary. , creep may occur in the disc spring 30a.
- the nozzle vanes 23 will be displaced toward the first nozzle ring 31 . According to the empirical knowledge of the inventor, the fluid performance is better when the nozzle vanes 23 are arranged at positions closer to the second nozzle ring 32 than to the first nozzle ring 31 .
- the balance holes 33 are provided, for example, at a plurality of locations at equal intervals (same phase) in the circumferential direction of the first nozzle ring 31 . Specifically, the plurality of balance holes 33 are provided at three locations with a phase of 120°. The balance holes 33 may be provided singly or at a plurality of locations with uneven intervals in the circumferential direction.
- At least part of the drain passage 44 provided in the inner wall portion 43 is arranged so as to overlap the balance hole 33 when viewed from the direction of the rotation axis H (see FIG. 3).
- the cross section of the drain channel 44 is semicircular with the arc on the bottom
- the balance hole 33 is semicircular with the arc on the top.
- the flow passage cross section of the drain flow passage 44 is overlapped so that substantially the entire area is within the flow passage cross section of the balance hole 33 except for a portion of the lower portion. That is, the flow passage cross section of the drain flow passage 44 overlaps such that the entire width of the first nozzle ring 31 in the circumferential direction fits within the flow passage cross section of the balance hole 33 .
- the term "at least a portion of the drain passage 44 overlaps the balance hole 33" means that the phases of the drain passage 44 and the balance hole 33 overlap with respect to the rotational direction of the turbine wheel 6.
- the cross-sectional area of the balance hole 33 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the drain channel 44 .
- the cross-sectional area of the balance hole 33 and the cross-sectional area of the drain channel 44 may be the same, or the cross-sectional area of the drain channel 44 may be larger than the cross-sectional area of the balance hole 33 . It may be larger than the area.
- FIG. 6(a) shows an example of the arrangement of the drain passage 44 according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 6(b) shows an example of arrangement of the drain passages 44A and 44B according to the modification.
- the drain passage 44 of the variable capacity turbocharger 1 is provided as a single unit.
- the drain passage 44 is shifted from the vertical axis as shown in FIG. 6(a).
- the displacement of the drain passage 44 with respect to the lower end point Pa on the vertical axis can be expressed by a rotation angle (phase angle) ⁇ 1 about the rotation axis H, for example.
- the liquid L staying in the drive chamber 40 is discharged from the drain passage 44 when the water level (draft height) h from the lower end point Pa reaches the drain passage 44 .
- the water level h at which the liquid L is discharged from the drain channel 44 is given by the following equation (2).
- drain passages 44A and 44B are provided at a plurality of locations along the inner wall portion 43 in the circumferential direction.
- drain passages 44A and 44B are provided at two locations.
- a vehicle or the like equipped with the variable displacement supercharger 1 is not always stopped at a place without a slope, and may be stopped at a slope having a slope of at least about 15°.
- one of the drain passages 44A and 44B becomes closer to the lower end point Pa of the vertical axis. As a result, the remaining liquid L can be discharged at a position where the water level h is as low as possible.
- the relative positional relationship between the plurality of drain passages 44A and 44B can be represented by a rotation angle (phase angle) ⁇ 2 about the rotation axis H.
- a rotation angle (phase angle) ⁇ 2 about the rotation axis H.
- a first straight line Lx formed by the rotation axis H and one drain passage 44A and a second straight line Ly formed by the rotation axis H and the other drain passage 44B are assumed. do.
- the angle formed by the first straight line Lx and the second straight line Ly intersecting the rotation axis H is a rotation angle ⁇ 2 about the rotation axis H.
- the rotation angle ⁇ 2 can be greater than or equal to 8° and less than or equal to 23°.
- the rotation angle ⁇ 2 is preferably 14° or more and 17° or less.
- the variable displacement supercharger 1 includes a drive chamber 40 that houses the drive portion 26 , and the drive chamber 40 has an inner peripheral facing surface 42 that faces the outer peripheral portion 27 a of the drive portion 26 .
- the liquid L such as water contained in the gas in the drive chamber 40 tends to stay on the inner circumference facing surface 42 .
- An inner wall portion 43 of the housing 8 is provided with a drain passage 44 communicating with the inside of the drive chamber 40 for discharging the liquid L. As shown in FIG. Therefore, by mounting the variable displacement supercharger 1 on a vehicle or the like so that the region 42 a connected to the drain passage 44 of the inner peripheral facing surface 42 is vertically downward, The generated liquid L can be discharged from the drain channel 44 .
- the surface roughness of the flow path surface 44 a of the drain flow path 44 is greater than the surface roughness of the region 42 a of the inner peripheral facing surface 42 connected to the drain flow path 44 .
- the housing 8 is made of metal, and the inner peripheral facing surface 42 and the channel surface 44a of the drain channel 44 substantially form a hydrophilic surface.
- the larger the surface roughness the smaller the contact angle of water droplets, which makes it easier for water droplets to pass through narrow gaps.
- the liquid L stays on the inner periphery facing surface 42, the liquid L is easily drawn toward the drain passage 44 having a large surface roughness, and the liquid L can be discharged easily.
- the water level of the liquid L can be lowered.
- the freezing drives the drive unit 26, particularly the drive unit 26. It is possible to reduce the possibility of causing trouble at the time of starting the engine.
- the flow path surface 44a of the drain flow path 44 is, for example, continuous flush with the inner circumferential facing surface 42 .
- the drain channel 44 is formed so as to allow communication between the scroll channel 16 and the drive chamber 40 , and the liquid L that has passed through the drain channel 44 is discharged to the scroll channel 16 .
- the liquid L discharged to the scroll flow path 16 quickly evaporates and disappears due to the driving of the turbine wheel 6 . As a result, the dischargeability of the liquid L can be improved.
- the variable displacement supercharger 1 also has a balance hole 33 provided in the first nozzle ring 31 . At least part of the drain channel 44 is provided so as to overlap the balance hole 33 . As a result, it becomes easier to widen the region where the drain passage 44 communicates with the inside of the drive chamber 40 while avoiding the first nozzle ring 31, and the discharge performance of the liquid L can be improved.
- the balance hole 33 has the function of reducing the pressure difference between the drive chamber 40 and the scroll passage 16, but if the area of the balance hole 33 is increased, the maintenance of the pressure in the scroll passage 16 becomes unstable. there is a possibility. In other words, it is important to form the balance hole 33 with appropriate dimensions.
- the drain passage 44 is provided so that the scroll passage 16 and the drive chamber 40 can communicate with each other, it is necessary to carefully form the balance hole 33 in consideration of the influence of the drain passage 44.
- the variable displacement supercharger 1 at least a portion of the drain passage 44 is arranged so as to overlap the balance hole 33 . Therefore, compared with the structure in which the drain passage 44 is formed independently of the balance hole 33, the influence of the drain passage 44 is reduced, and the balance hole 33 can be formed appropriately.
- variable displacement supercharger 1 includes two drain passages 44A and 44B, and the rotation angle between one drain passage 44A and the other drain passage 44B ( Phase angle) ⁇ 2 is 8° or more and 23° or less.
- Phase angle ⁇ 2 is 8° or more and 23° or less.
- the present invention can be implemented in various forms with various modifications and improvements based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Moreover, it is also possible to configure a modified example using the technical matters described in the above-described embodiments. You may use it, combining the structure of each embodiment suitably.
- variable displacement supercharger 8 housing 6 turbine impeller 16 scroll flow path 21 gas inflow path 23 nozzle vane 25 variable nozzle unit 26 drive section 27 drive ring 27a outer peripheral section 31 first nozzle ring (nozzle ring) 33 Balance hole 40 Drive chamber 42 Inner periphery facing surface 43 Inner wall portion 44 Drain channel (liquid channel) 44a Channel surface 42a Area connected to drain channel 44A Drain channel 44B Drain channel H Axis of rotation L Liquid
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
Abstract
Description
8 ハウジング
6 タービン翼車
16 スクロール流路
21 ガス流入路
23 ノズルベーン
25 可変ノズルユニット
26 駆動部
27 駆動リング
27a 外周部
31 第1ノズルリング(ノズルリング)
33 バランスホール
40 駆動室
42 内周対向面
43 内壁部
44 ドレン流路(液体流路)
44a 流路面
42a ドレン流路に接続される領域
44A ドレン流路
44B ドレン流路
H 回転軸線
L 液体
Claims (9)
- 可変容量型過給機であって、
タービン翼車と、
前記タービン翼車を収納するハウジングと、
前記ハウジング内に収納された可変ノズルユニットと、を備え、
前記可変ノズルユニットは、
前記タービン翼車に導入されるガスの流路上に配置されたノズルベーンと、前記ノズルベーンを回動可能に支持するノズルリングと、前記ノズルリングを挟んで前記ノズルベーンの反対側に配置され、前記ノズルベーンを回動させる駆動部と、を備え、
前記ハウジングは、前記駆動部を収納する駆動室と、前記駆動室内に連通する液体流路と、を備え、
前記駆動室は、前記駆動部の外周部に対向する内周対向面を備え、
前記液体流路の流路面の表面粗さは、前記内周対向面のうち、少なくとも前記液体流路に接続される領域の表面粗さよりも大きい、可変容量型過給機。 - 前記液体流路の前記流路面の少なくとも一部は、前記内周対向面に面一に連続している、請求項1記載の可変容量型過給機。
- 前記ハウジングは、前記タービン翼車の周りに形成されたスクロール流路を更に備え、
前記液体流路は、前記スクロール流路と前記駆動室とを連通可能に形成されている、請求項1または2記載の可変容量型過給機。 - 前記ハウジングは、前記駆動室と前記スクロール流路との間に設けられると共に、前記ノズルリングの外周部に重なる内壁部を備え、
前記ノズルリングの前記外周部には、前記駆動室と前記スクロール流路との間の圧力差を低減するバランスホールが設けられており、
前記内壁部には、少なくとも一部分が前記バランスホールに重なるように前記液体流路が設けられている、請求項3記載の可変容量型過給機。 - 前記液体流路は、前記タービン翼車の回転方向に沿った周方向の少なくとも二か所に設けられており、
一方の前記液体流路と他方の前記液体流路との間の位相角は8°以上で、且つ23°以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項記載の可変容量型過給機。 - 前記液体流路の前記流路面と前記内周対向面とは親水面である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項記載の可変容量型過給機。
- 前記バランスホールは、前記ノズルリングの周方向の複数個所に設けられている、請求項4記載の可変容量型過給機。
- 前記複数のバランスホールは、前記ノズルリングの周方向で等間隔に設けられている、請求項7記載の可変容量型過給機。
- 前記液体流路の流路断面は、前記ノズルリングの周方向の幅の全域が前記バランスホールの流路断面内に収まるように設けられている、請求項4記載の可変容量型過給機。
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DE112022001044.4T DE112022001044T5 (de) | 2021-04-20 | 2022-03-18 | Turbolader mit variabler Kapazität |
CN202280019762.9A CN116964306A (zh) | 2021-04-20 | 2022-03-18 | 可变容量型增压器 |
JP2023516352A JP7477048B2 (ja) | 2021-04-20 | 2022-03-18 | 可変容量型過給機 |
US18/475,229 US12025012B2 (en) | 2021-04-20 | 2023-09-27 | Variable capacity turbocharger |
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JP2021-071087 | 2021-04-20 | ||
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US18/475,229 Continuation US12025012B2 (en) | 2021-04-20 | 2023-09-27 | Variable capacity turbocharger |
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CN (1) | CN116964306A (ja) |
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- 2022-03-18 WO PCT/JP2022/012684 patent/WO2022224659A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-03-18 DE DE112022001044.4T patent/DE112022001044T5/de active Pending
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JP2005331410A (ja) * | 2004-05-20 | 2005-12-02 | Kitakyushu Foundation For The Advancement Of Industry Science & Technology | 疎水面を利用した微量液滴輸送デバイス |
JP2006257249A (ja) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-28 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 液滴ガイド構造 |
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CN116964306A (zh) | 2023-10-27 |
JP7477048B2 (ja) | 2024-05-01 |
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