WO2022214137A1 - Dotanden für elektronische bauelemente, deren verwendung in elektronischen bauelementen, sowie elektronische bauelemente mit solchen dotanden - Google Patents
Dotanden für elektronische bauelemente, deren verwendung in elektronischen bauelementen, sowie elektronische bauelemente mit solchen dotanden Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022214137A1 WO2022214137A1 PCT/DE2022/100253 DE2022100253W WO2022214137A1 WO 2022214137 A1 WO2022214137 A1 WO 2022214137A1 DE 2022100253 W DE2022100253 W DE 2022100253W WO 2022214137 A1 WO2022214137 A1 WO 2022214137A1
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- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 149
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005309 thioalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 34
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- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 8
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- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=C21 WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- TXYQMVROVVJZHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3-tetramethyl-3-[8-[methyl-(n,n,n'-trimethylcarbamimidoyl)amino]naphthalen-1-yl]guanidine Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C(=NC)N(C)C)=C2C(N(C)C(N(C)C)=NC)=CC=CC2=C1 TXYQMVROVVJZHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFOOEYJGMMJJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-diaminonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 YFOOEYJGMMJJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYPPZXFHFBBWJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-[chloro(pyrrolidin-1-ium-1-ylidene)methyl]pyrrolidine;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1CCC[N+]1=C(Cl)N1CCCC1 NYPPZXFHFBBWJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- PONZBUKBFVIXOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-dicarbamoylperylene-3,4-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class C=12C3=CC=C(C(O)=O)C2=C(C(O)=O)C=CC=1C1=CC=C(C(O)=N)C2=C1C3=CC=C2C(=N)O PONZBUKBFVIXOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010001488 Aggression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benz[a]pyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015400 FeC13 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WLLGXSLBOPFWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N MGK 264 Chemical compound C1=CC2CC1C1C2C(=O)N(CC(CC)CCCC)C1=O WLLGXSLBOPFWQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydroanthracene Natural products C1=CC=C2C=C(CCCC3)C3=CC2=C1 XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N dichloromethane-d2 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])(Cl)Cl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKZIUSOJQLYFSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoroboron Chemical group F[B]F OKZIUSOJQLYFSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVTCUIZCVUGJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyrrin Chemical group C=1C=CNC=1C=C1C=CC=N1 OVTCUIZCVUGJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPTQKSXAQBHFKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyrrolidin-1-ylmethanone Chemical compound C1CCCN1C(=O)N1CCCC1 HPTQKSXAQBHFKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=C3C=C21 SLIUAWYAILUBJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQQSUOJIMKJQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaphene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C=CC3=CC2=C1 JQQSUOJIMKJQHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- NQFOGDIWKQWFMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenalene Chemical compound C1=CC([CH]C=C2)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 NQFOGDIWKQWFMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms acylated on ring nitrogen atoms by radicals derived from carbonic acid, or sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof
- C07D295/215—Radicals derived from nitrogen analogues of carbonic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/09—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by nitrogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/20—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising organic-organic junctions, e.g. donor-acceptor junctions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/654—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/656—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising two or more different heteroatoms per ring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to dopants for electronic components, the use of such dopants in electronic components, and electronic components with such dopants.
- Photoactive optoelectronic components enable the conversion of electromagnetic radiation into electricity using the photoelectric effect. Such a conversion of electromagnetic radiation requires absorber materials that exhibit good absorption properties. Further optoelectronic components are light-emitting electroluminescent components which emit light when an electric current flows through them. Optoelectronic components include at least two electrodes, one electrode being applied to a substrate and the other functioning as a counter-electrode. At least one photoactive layer, preferably an organic photoactive layer, is located between the electrodes. In addition, further layers, for example transport layers (ie charge carrier transport layers), can be arranged between the electrodes.
- transport layers ie charge carrier transport layers
- photoactive compounds are typically used in a donor-acceptor system, a heterojunction, with at least the donor and/or the acceptor absorbing electromagnetic radiation.
- the donor-acceptor system can be designed as a planar heterojunction or as a bulk heterojunction.
- the absorbers absorb electromagnetic radiation of a specific wavelength, converting photons into excitons that contribute to a photocurrent.
- the compounds in the donor-acceptor system must have high mobility of the charge carriers in order to avoid loss of photocurrent by recombination of the exciton within the donor to minimize acceptor systems.
- the excitons must be separated into charge carriers at an interface and the charge carriers must leave the photoactive layer before recombination.
- the conductivity of the layers especially the transport layers, must be high.
- the layers used for this purpose in particular transport layers, electron transport layers or hole transport layers, are doped to increase conductivity.
- a structure of an organic solar cell known from the prior art consists of a pin or nip diode (Martin Pfeiffer, "Controlled doping of organic vacuum deposited dye layers: basics and applications", PhD thesis TU Dresden, 1999, and W02011/ 161108A1).
- a pin solar cell consists of a substrate with an adjoining mostly transparent base contact, p-layer(s), i-layer(s), n-layer(s) and a top contact Substrate with subsequent mostly transparent base contact, n-layer(s), i-layer(s), p-layer(s) and a cover contact.
- doped organic layers or layer systems in organic components, specifically organic solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes, is known.
- Various materials or material classes have been proposed as dopants, such as in DE102007018456, WO2005086251, WO2006081780,
- inorganic dopants such as alkali metals (e.g. cesium) or Lewis acids (e.g. FeC13; SbC15) are usually disadvantageous due to their high diffusion coefficients, since the function and stability of the electronic components is impaired (D. Oeter, Ziegler Ch, Göpel W Synthetic Metals (1993) 61147, Yamamoto Y et al (1965) 2015, Kido J et al Jpn J Appl Phys 41 (2002) L358).
- the reduction potentials of these compounds are often too low to dope technically suitable hole conductor materials.
- the extremely aggressive reaction behavior of these dopants makes it more difficult a technical application.
- the present invention is based on the object of providing dopants for doping organic layers of electronic components which dopants have sufficiently high redox potentials without having any disruptive effects on the matrix material and providing an effective increase in the number of charge carriers in the matrix material.
- R 1 - R (8-n) are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, aryl, and heteroaryl, and/or R 1 - R (8-n) form at least one other fused ring on the group A, and n is a natural number of at least 1.
- the heterocyclic rings can contain further substituents.
- R 1 -R (8-n) form at least one further fused ring, particularly preferably one further fused ring, preferably two further fused rings, or preferably three further fused rings.
- group A is selected from the group consisting of naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, phenalene, tetracene, chrysene, pyrene, pentacene, perylene, benzopyrene, or pentaphene, where group A in addition to the n radicals of group B and R 1 - R (8-n) may have further substituents.
- the rings are heterocyclic preferably as a four, five or
- a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring with at least one N atom, preferably with two N atoms, or preferably with one N atom and one O atom.
- R 1 - R (8-n) independently H or alkyl.
- the compounds according to the invention have advantages compared to the prior art.
- new alternative Provided dopants are advantageously suitable for doping organic layers, in particular organic transport layers, in electronic components.
- the compounds advantageously have sufficiently high redox potentials as dopants.
- the compounds do not have a disruptive effect on the matrix material, in particular on fullerenes.
- the compounds advantageously contribute to an increase in the number of charge carriers in the matrix material.
- a particular advantage of the proposed structures is that they are thermally very stable and enable evaporation in a high vacuum with a favorable process window between 100°C and 400°C.
- a further advantage is that the materials can be synthesized easily and, above all, inexpensively, in particular no explosive and/or dangerous intermediate products or starting materials are required.
- the compounds are air-stable and colorless, and lead to little or no parasitic absorption in solar cells and/or changes in the light emitted by light-emitting diodes.
- the compounds advantageously exhibit outstanding doping properties, preferably when doping transport materials, in particular electron transport materials.
- a substituent is understood to mean in particular the replacement of H by another group.
- a substituent is understood to mean in particular all atoms and groups of atoms except H, preferably a halogen, an alkyl group, the alkyl group can be linear or branched, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group, a thioalkoxy group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group.
- a halogen is understood in particular to mean F, C1 or Br, preferably F.
- the B groups are located on two rings of the A group.
- n is at least two, preferably n is 2, 3 or 4, and/or at least two of the groups B are arranged on the same ring of the group A.
- At least two of the groups B are arranged on different, preferably adjacent, rings of the group A.
- R 1 - R (8-n) are independently H or an alkyl group and/or form at least one further fused ring on group A, and/or the heterocyclic rings within a group B are equal.
- Group B independently is, and/or all groups B are the same.
- Group B independently is, and/or all groups B are the same.
- n is at least
- n is at least
- n is equal to 2. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, n is 3. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, n is 4. According to a further development of the invention, it is provided that the heterocyclic ring having at least one N atom
- heterocyclic ring which is substituted or unsubstituted, and/or where the heterocyclic ring has at least one further heteroatom, preferably at least one further N atom and/or at least one O atom.
- R 1 - R (8-n) form at least one further ring fused to group A, preferably one further ring fused to group A, preferably two further rings fused to group A three further rings fused to group A, or preferably four further rings fused to group A, wherein the at least one further fused ring is independently a homocyclic 5-ring or 6-ring which may be substituted or unsubstituted, preferably a benzene ring.
- the chemical compound is selected from the group consisting of:
- the rings are heterocyclic same in a group B.
- heterocyclic rings of all B groups are the same.
- the chemical compound is selected from the group consisting of:
- the chemical compound of the general formula I is mirror- or rotationally symmetrical.
- the object of the present invention is also achieved by providing an electronic component, preferably an organic electronic component, with an electrode, a counter-electrode and a layer system between the electrode and the counter-electrode, the layer system having at least one organic layer, preferably at least one photoactive layer, and has at least one transport layer, in particular according to one of the exemplary embodiments described above.
- the at least one organic layer and/or the at least one transport layer has at least one chemical compound according to the invention.
- the electronic component is an optoelectronic component, preferably an organic optoelectronic component.
- the at least one transport layer In a preferred embodiment of the invention is the at least one transport layer, at least one electron transport layer and/or at least one hole transport layer.
- the compounds according to the invention serve in particular as dopants for doping, preferably for n-doping, of an organic matrix material which is preferably used as a charge injection layer, as a hole blocker layer, as an electrode material, as a transport material itself, and/or as a storage material in electronic or optoelectronic components.
- compounds of the general formula I are used as individual layers, preferably without further admixture.
- the transport layer preferably the electron transport layer and/or the hole transport layer, has a layer thickness of 10 to 100 nm, preferably 10 to 50 nm, preferably 10 to 20 nm, or preferably 20 to 50 nm.
- the at least one transport layer preferably the
- Electron transport layer and/or the hole transport layer in direct contact with the at least one photoactive layer.
- the proportion of the at least one chemical compound in the at least one organic layer and/or the at least one transport layer is in each case at most 35% by weight, preferably at most 30% by weight, preferably at most 25% by weight, preferably at most 20% by weight, or preferably at most 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the layer.
- the at least one chemical compound is in a matrix material at least one organic layer and/or the at least one transport layer.
- the matrix material of the at least one organic layer and/or the at least one transport layer has at least one fullerene, preferably C60 or C70, in particular the matrix material consists of at least one fullerene, preferably C60 or C70.
- the electronic component is configured as a nip, ni, ip, pnip, pni, pip, nipn, nin, ipn, pnipn, or pipn cell or a combination of nip, ni, ip, pnip, pni, pip, nipn, nin, ipn, pnipn, or pipn cells containing at least one i-layer.
- the electronic component is preferably designed as a tandem, triple or multiple cell.
- the photoactive layers of a cell can be designed as a single layer with several absorber materials or as a layered system with several layers.
- An i-layer is understood to mean, in particular, an intrinsic undoped layer.
- One or more i-layers can consist of one material (planar heterojunctions, PHJ) or a mixture of two or more materials, so-called bulk heterojunctions (BHJ), which have an interpenetrating network.
- the organic electronic component is an OLED, an organic solar cell, an OFET or an organic photodetector.
- the layer system has at least one photoactive layer, preferably an absorber layer, the at least one photoactive layer having the at least one compound according to the invention.
- the organic materials used in the organic layer, in particular the photoactive layer are small molecules or at least some are polymers.
- at least one photoactive layer of the organic optoelectronic component has small molecules.
- Small molecules are understood to mean, in particular, non-polymeric organic molecules with monodisperse molar masses between 100 and 2000 g/mol, which are present in the solid phase under standard pressure (air pressure of the atmosphere surrounding us) and at room temperature.
- the small molecules are photoactive, photoactive meaning that the molecules change their charge state and/or their polarization state when exposed to light.
- the photoactive molecules show an absorption of electromagnetic radiation in a specific wavelength range, with absorbed electromagnetic radiation, ie photons, being converted into excitons.
- the acceptor material is a material from the group of fullerenes or fullerene derivatives, preferably C60 or C70, or a PTCDI derivative (perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide) derivative).
- the electrodes are made of a metal, preferably Al, Ag, Au or a combination thereof, a conductive oxide, preferably ITO, ZnO:Al or another TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide), a conductive polymer, preferably PEDOT /PSS Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrenesulfonate) or PANI (polyaniline), or formed from a combination of these materials.
- a metal preferably Al, Ag, Au or a combination thereof
- a conductive oxide preferably ITO, ZnO:Al or another TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide)
- a conductive polymer preferably PEDOT /PSS Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrenesulfonate) or PANI (polyaniline), or formed from a combination of these materials.
- the photoactive layer has a donor-acceptor system.
- a BODIPY compound is understood to mean, in particular, a compound of the general formula C9H7BN2F2, i.e. a compound with a boron difluoride group with a dipyrromethene group, in particular a compound 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene.
- the compound according to the invention and/or a layer with the at least one compound according to the invention can be deposited by means of vacuum processing, gas phase deposition or solvent processing, particularly preferably by means of vacuum processing.
- the transport layer with the at least one compound of general formula 1 is part of a pn junction, which is a light-absorbing (photoactive) layer with another light-absorbing (photoactive) layer in a tandem solar cell or in a multiple solar cell connects and/or connects an electrode to a light absorbing layer.
- the object of the present invention is also achieved by providing the use of a chemical compound according to the invention in an electronic component, in particular in an organic electronic component, in particular according to one of the exemplary embodiments described above.
- a chemical compound according to the invention in an electronic component, in particular in an organic electronic component, in particular according to one of the exemplary embodiments described above.
- the at least one chemical compound according to the invention is used as a dopant for doping layers in an organic electronic component, in particular at least one transport layer and/or injection layer.
- the dopants for electronic components are dopants for layer systems, preferably for organic layer systems, of an electronic component, preferably an optoelectronic component.
- At least one transport layer of the layer system has at least one compound according to the invention as a dopant, preferably as an n-dopant.
- the at least one chemical compound is used as an n-dopant.
- R 1 - R (8-n) are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, aryl, and heteroaryl, and/or R 1 - R (8 -n) form at least one other fused ring on group A, and n is a natural number of at least 1.
- the chemical compounds of the general formula I provide new dopants for electronic components, in particular for doping photoactive layers and/or transport layers.
- the compounds advantageously contribute to an increase in the number of charge carriers in the matrix material of photoactive layers and/or of transport layers.
- the investigated example compounds are air-stable and colorless, so that they do not contribute to any parasitic absorption in solar cells and/or to a change in the light emitted by light-emitting diodes.
- n is at least two, preferably n is 2, 3 or 4, and/or at least two of the groups B are arranged on the same ring of group A.
- R 1 -R (8-n) are independently H or an alkyl group and/or form at least one further fused ring on the group A, and/or are the heterocyclic rings same within a group B.
- the group B is independent of one another and/or all groups are B same.
- the heterocyclic ring is with at least one N atom
- the heterocyclic ring is a four-, five- or six-membered ring which is substituted or unsubstituted, and/or the heterocyclic ring has at least one further heteroatom, preferably at least one further N atom and/or at least one O atom.
- the at least one chemical compound is suitable in particular for use in an electronic component 1, in particular in an organic electronic component.
- the at least one chemical compound is used as a dopant for doping layers in an organic electronic component, in particular at least one transport layer and/or injection layer, particularly preferably as an n-dopant.
- the electronic component 1, preferably the organic electronic component, has an electrode 3, a counter-electrode 7 and a layer system 8 between the electrode 3 and the counter-electrode 7, the layer system 8 having at least one organic layer 5, preferably at least one photoactive layer, and has at least one transport layer 4.6.
- the at least one organic layer 5 and/or the at least one transport layer 4.6 have at least one chemical compound according to the invention.
- the proportion of the at least one chemical compound in the at least one organic layer 5 and/or the at least one transport layer 4.6 is at most 35% by weight, preferably at most 30% by weight, or preferably at most 25% by weight based on the total weight of the layer.
- the electronic component 1 comprises a first electrode 3 , a second electrode 7 and a layer system 8 , the layer system 8 being arranged between the first electrode 3 and the second electrode 7 . At least one layer of the Layer system 8 at least one compound of the invention.
- 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of the electronic component 1 in cross section.
- the electronic component 1 is a solar cell, in particular an organic solar cell.
- the electronic component 1 has a substrate 2 made of glass.
- a first electrode 3 is arranged on the substrate 2 and is made, for example, of metal, a conductive oxide, in particular ITO (indium tin oxide), ZnO:Al or another transparent, conductive oxide or polymer such as PEDOT:PSS or PANI.
- a layer system 8 is arranged on the first electrode 3 and has a transport layer 4 embodied as an n-doped electron-transporting layer 4 (ETL).
- the photoactive layer 5 is arranged on the transport layer 4 and comprises at least one donor and one acceptor material, in particular with a p-conducting donor material and an n-conducting acceptor material, e.g. B.
- the photoactive layer 5 can also consist of more than one layer, in particular of a donor and acceptor layer, so that a planar, photoactive donor-acceptor transition is formed.
- the transport layer 6 can also be in the form of an electron conduction transport layer.
- the electron-transporting layer 4 (ETL) is n-doped with the compound 1.
- the transport layer 4 can be embodied as a hole conduction transport layer.
- the electronic component 1 used to measure the conductivity is constructed as follows:
- ITO serves as an electrode and the adjacent fullerene C60 as an electron transport layer (ETL), followed by the photoactive layer C60 as electron acceptor material and the respective compound according to the invention as hole acceptor material (donor material).
- ETL electron transport layer
- NDP9 is a commercial p-dopant from Novaled GmbH.
- NHT49 is a commercial hole conductor from Novaled GmbH.
- Example 2 with compound 1, compound 5, and with the comparison material TMGN.
- the transport layer 4.6 is an electron transport layer with n-doping using compound 1, compound 5 or the comparison material TMGN.
- the compounds were examined with regard to their effect as n-dopants.
- the compounds were applied using the C60 electron transport material as matrix material and the conductivity of the doped layers was investigated.
- Inventive compound 1, compound 5 and comparative material TMGN were each vaporized under high vacuum conditions. The temperature was determined at which a constant deposition rate T of 0.2 A/s is generated on a substrate.
- the comparison material TMGN already evaporates at 65°C. At this temperature, it is difficult to maintain a constant deposition rate on an uncooled substrate when evaporating in vacuo. In addition, it is to be expected that significant amounts will not be deposited on the substrate but at undesired locations within the vacuum system. In contrast, compound 1 according to the invention only evaporates above 120° C., as a result of which a uniform deposition rate on the substrate that can be controlled without increased technical effort can be set.
- the transport layer contains compound 1, compound 5 or the comparison material TMGN as matrix material in proportion to the main proportion of the material C60.
- FIG. 2 shows the electrical conductivity of a transport layer with C60 as the matrix material with different proportions of doping with compound 1.
- the transport layer is an electron transport layer.
- the conductivity of C 6 o _ layers with 2.5 wt .-%, 5 wt .-%, 10 wt .-% and 20 wt .-% doping with compound 1 was measured.
- the conductivity of the transport layer increases as a function of the proportion of doping with compound 1 according to the invention and reaches a value of 1-10 -1 Scm -1 at a proportion of 10% by weight.
- the conductivity of a layer consisting only of C60 is 1•10 -10 Scm -1 to 1•10 -8 Scm -1 .
- FIG. 3 shows the electrical conductivity of a transport layer with C60 as matrix material with different proportions of doping with compound 5.
- the conductivity of the transport layer increases as a function of the proportion of doping with compound 5 according to the invention.
- the electrical conductivity is 1.7-10 -2 Scm -1 and when added at 20% by weight it is 3-10 -2 Scm -1 .
- FIG. 4 shows the electrical conductivity of a transport layer with C60 as matrix material with different proportions of doping with the comparison material TMGN.
- the conductivity of the transport layer with a doping of 8% by weight with the comparison material TMGN is 4.8-10 -4 Scm -1 .
- the conductivity of the C60 layer can be increased by a factor of 200 (FIGS. 2 and 4).
- the conductivity of the C60 layer can be increased by a factor of 35 (FIGS. 3 and 4).
- the chemical compounds of general formula I increase the Conductivity of a layer of a layer system of an electronic component.
- doping a matrix material of an organic layer and/or a transport layer, in particular a matrix material having C60, with a compound according to the invention significantly increases the conductivity of these layers.
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Abstract
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KR1020237035693A KR20230165791A (ko) | 2021-04-06 | 2022-04-04 | 전자 부품용 도펀트, 전자 부품에서의 이의 용도 및 그러한 도펀트를 포함하는 전자 부품 |
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