WO2022202952A1 - 改変型ニコチンアミドホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ - Google Patents
改変型ニコチンアミドホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ Download PDFInfo
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- C12Y204/02012—Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (2.4.2.12), i.e. visfatin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a modified (mutant) nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and a method for producing nicotinamide mononucleotide using the same.
- Nicotinamide mononucleotide is a synthetic intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+).
- NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NMN controls the activity of the longevity gene "sirtuin” through conversion to NAD+, and that administration of NMN to mice exhibits an anti-aging effect.
- NMN is effective in preventing and improving symptoms of diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and heart failure.
- Such NMN is expected to be used as a component of functional foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc., and research and development of efficient production methods are underway with the aim of improving productivity.
- NMN ribose-5-phosphate
- PRPP phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
- It consists of a main reaction consisting of three steps of enzymatic reactions, (3) a third reaction in which NMN is produced from PRPP and nicotinamide (NAM), and support reactions for ATP regeneration and pyrophosphate degradation.
- Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is a rate-limiting enzyme in the mammalian NAD+ synthesis system, and is an enzyme that catalyzes the third reaction in the above production route (Non-Patent Document 1).
- the activity of wild-type Nampt is lower than that of other enzymes and cannot be said to be sufficient for industrial production of NMN, and therefore its improvement is desired.
- searching for highly active Nampt HdNampt
- Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3 activating Nampt using a small molecule compound
- Non-Patent Document 5 have attempted to improve the production efficiency of NMN.
- Patent Document 1 A method for improving the production efficiency of NMN has been reported.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a highly active nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), thereby improving the production efficiency of NMN.
- Nampt nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
- the inventors individually create a saturation mutation library for residues near the active center of wild-type highly active Nampt, and perform activity screening to create a modified (mutant) Nampt with high enzymatic activity. succeeded in
- a modified nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 below and/or the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 below, A modified Nampt that has improved activity over wild-type Nampt.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 S-[V/I]-P-A-X1-X2 - HS-[T/V/I]-[M/V/ I ] -X3
- SEQ ID NO: 2 SEQ ID NO: X4-[S/I]-D- X5
- X 1 to X 5 is different from the wild-type amino acid
- X 2 is an amino acid other than A and Q
- X 3 represents an amino acid other than M.
- [ ] represents any one of the amino acids in [ ].
- SEQ ID NO: 1 S-[V/I]-P-A-X1-X2 - HS-[T/V/I]-[M/V/ I ] -X3
- SEQ ID NO: 2 SEQ ID NO: 2 : X4-[S/I]-D- X5
- at least one of X 1 to X 5 is different from a wild-type amino acid
- X 1 is any amino acid selected from neutral amino acids and aliphatic amino acids
- X 2 is aliphatic amino acids
- acidic amino acids and neutral amino acids Any amino acid selected from hydrophilic amino acids
- X3 is any amino acid selected from nonpolar amino acids
- X4 is any amino acid selected from aliphatic amino acids
- X5 is from amino acids other than aromatic
- [ ] represents any one of the amino acids in [ ].
- a modified nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 below and/or the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 below, A modified Nampt that has improved activity over wild-type Nampt.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 S-[V/I]-P-A-X1-X2 - HS-[T/V/I]-[M/V/ I ] -X3
- SEQ ID NO: 2 SEQ ID NO: X4-[S/I]-D- X5 provided that at least one of X 1 , X 4 and X 5 is different from a wild-type amino acid
- X 1 is any amino acid selected from neutral amino acids and aliphatic amino acids
- X 4 is selected from aliphatic amino acids
- Any amino acid X5 represents any amino acid selected from amino acids other than aromatic amino acids. Any amino acid may be sufficient as X2 and X3.
- [ ] represents any one of the amino acids in [ ].
- the wild-type sequence of the modified Nampt has the following amino acid sequence (1) or (2) The modified Nampt according to any one of [1] to [5].
- [8] A method for producing nicotinamide mononucleotide by contacting phosphoribosylpyrophosphate and nicotinamide in the presence of the modified Nampt according to any one of [1] to [7].
- [9] The method of [8], wherein the phosphoribosylpyrophosphate is produced from ribose-5-phosphate in the presence of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthase.
- [10] The method of [9], wherein ribose-5-phosphate is produced from ribose in the presence of ribokinase.
- a method for producing Nampt comprising culturing the transformant of [13] and collecting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) from the resulting culture.
- a method for producing nicotinamide mononucleotide comprising contacting ribosylpyrophosphate and nicotinamide.
- the Nampt of the present invention improves NMN production efficiency and reduces raw material costs.
- Figure 2 shows an alignment of Nampt amino acid sequences from various microorganisms.
- Nampt Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase: Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Prs (Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase): Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase Rbk (Ribokinase): Ribokinase Ppk (Polyphosphate kinase): Polyphosphate kinase PPase (Pyrophosphatase): Pyrophosphatase NMN (Nicotinamide mononucleotide ): nicotinamide mononucleotide PRPP (Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate): phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate NAM (Nicotinamide): nicotinamide R5P (Ribose-5-phosphate)
- nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase 1.1 Wild-type Nampt Nampt (EC number: 2.4.2.12) is generally known to be involved in the NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) salvage pathway, and in the present invention, a reaction (third reaction).
- NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- ATP is not essential in NMN synthesis reaction from PRPP and NAM by Nampt.
- Nampt has ATP hydrolysis activity, and autophosphorylation of Nampt by ATP hydrolysis changes enzymatic parameters and chemical equilibrium in a direction that favors NMN production. (Biochemistry 2008, 47, 11086-11096).
- Nampt examples include human (Homo sapiens)-derived (NP_005737), mouse (Mus musculus)-derived (NP_067499), rat (Rattus norvegicus)-derived (NP_808789), zebrafish (Danio rerio)-derived (NP_997833), Haemophilus ducreyi (AAR87771), Deinococcus radiodurans (AE001890), Oenococcus oeni (KZD13878), and Shewanella oneidensis (NP_717588).
- bacteria are a group of prokaryotes that do not have a nuclear membrane, and are a group of organisms including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, cyanobacteria, and the like.
- Nampt is preferably derived from the genus Haemophilus, Meiothermus, Xanthomonas, Sphingopyxis, Sphingopyxis, Chitinophaga, Burkholderia, Pedobacter, Microbulbifer, and Labrenzia.
- Table 1 shows the origin of Nampt that can be used in the present invention, the GenBank accession number, and the sequence number of the sequence listing. In addition, FIG. 1 shows the alignment of the amino acid sequences of each Nampt.
- Nampt according to the present invention is not limited to those having the above sequences, and any of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, and 23.
- a protein containing an identical amino acid sequence and having Nampt activity is also included in the Nampt of the present invention.
- the Nampt of the present invention includes one or several amino acid sequences set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, and 23, specifically Specifically, 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 2 amino acid deletions, substitutions or additions include an amino acid sequence, and Nampt Proteins with activity are also included in the Nampt of the present invention.
- the Nampt gene according to the present invention encodes the amino acid sequence described above.
- the Nampt gene has the base sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24. However, about 60% or more, preferably about 70% or more, more preferably about 80% or more, still more preferably about 90% or more, particularly preferably about 95% or more, most preferably about 98% or more of the base sequence
- the Nampt gene of the present invention also includes a gene containing a nucleotide sequence having identity and a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein having Nampt activity.
- a gene containing a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein is also included in the Nampt gene of the present invention.
- a DNA-immobilized nylon membrane is treated with 6 ⁇ SSC (1 ⁇ SSC is a solution of 8.76 g of sodium chloride and 4.41 g of sodium citrate dissolved in 1 liter of water), 1% Conditions for hybridization in a solution containing SDS, 100 ⁇ g/ml salmon sperm DNA, 0.1% bovine serum albumin, 0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 0.1% Ficoll, incubating with the probe at 65° C. for 20 hours can be mentioned, but are not limited to these.
- a person skilled in the art would be able to set hybridization conditions by taking into consideration other conditions such as probe concentration, probe length, reaction time, etc. in addition to conditions such as buffer salt concentration and temperature. can be done.
- Washing conditions after hybridization include, for example, “2 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, 42° C.” and "1 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, 37° C.”; more stringent conditions include, for example, Conditions such as “1 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, 65° C.” and “0.5 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, 50° C.” can be mentioned.
- the modified Nampt of the present invention is a novel modified Nampt characterized in that it contains at least one amino acid residue mutation and has improved activity compared to the wild-type activity.
- the modified Nampt of the present invention comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 below and/or the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 below.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 S-[V/I]-P-A-X1-X2 - HS-[T/V/I]-[M/V/ I ] -X3
- SEQ ID NO: 2 SEQ ID NO: : X4-[S/I]-D- X5
- at least one of X 1 to X 5 is different from the wild-type amino acid, and [ ] represents any one of the amino acids in [ ].
- At least one of X 1 -X 5 is different from the wild-type amino acid, X 2 is an amino acid other than A and Q, and X 3 represents an amino acid other than M.
- At least one of X 1 to X 5 is different from a wild-type amino acid
- X 1 is any amino acid selected from neutral amino acids and aliphatic amino acids
- X 2 is an aliphatic amino acid
- X3 any amino acid selected from nonpolar amino acids
- X4 any amino acid selected from aliphatic amino acids
- X5 aromatic amino acids represents any amino acid selected from amino acids other than
- At least one of X 1 , X 4 and X 5 is different from a wild-type amino acid
- X 1 is any amino acid selected from neutral amino acids and aliphatic amino acids
- X 4 is aliphatic Any amino acid selected from amino acids
- X5 represents any amino acid selected from amino acids other than aromatic amino acids. Any amino acid may be sufficient as X2 and X3.
- acidic amino acids are, for example, aspartic acid (D) and glutamic acid (E), preferably glutamic acid (E).
- Neutral amino acids include, for example, glycine (G), alanine (A), phenylalanine (F), leucine (L), isoleucine (I), cysteine (C), methionine (M), tyrosine (Y), valine (V), threonine (T), serine (S), proline (P), tryptophan (W), asparagine (N), glutamine (Q), preferably valine (V), threonine (T), alanine (A), glycine (G), leucine (L), serine (S), asparagine (N), isoleucine (I), more preferably threonine (T), alanine (A), glycine (G), leucine (L), serine (S), asparagine (N), isoleucine (I).
- Aliphatic amino acid is, for example, alanine (A), leucine (L), isoleucine (I), valine (V), phenylalanine (F), preferably alanine (A), leucine (L), isoleucine (I) and valine (V), more preferably alanine (A) and isoleucine (I).
- Hydrophilic amino acids include, for example, aspartic acid (D), glutamic acid (E), lysine (K), arginine (R), threonine (T), serine (S), asparagine (N), glutamine (Q) , histidine (H), preferably threonine (T), serine (S), asparagine (N) and glutamine (Q), more preferably threonine (T) and serine (S).
- Non-polar amino acids include, for example, alanine (A), valine (V), leucine (L), isoleucine (I), methionine (M), phenylalanine (F), tryptophan (W), proline (P), Glycine (G) and cysteine (C), preferably alanine (A), valine (V), leucine (L), isoleucine (I) and glycine (G), more preferably alanine (A) and valine ( V), glycine (G).
- Aromatic amino acid is, for example, phenylalanine (F), tryptophan (W), tyrosine (Y), preferably phenylalanine (F), tryptophan (W), more preferably tryptophan (W). .
- sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 and 2 are motif sequences that are commonly present in known amino acid sequences of Nampt. As shown in FIG. 1, when the amino acid sequence of the modified Nampt was aligned with the amino acid sequence derived from Haemophilus ducreyi (AAR87771) shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, (a) the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 is present at positions corresponding to positions 243 to 253 of SEQ ID NO: 3; (b) The amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:2 is present at positions corresponding to positions 278 to 281 of SEQ ID NO:3.
- At least one of X 1 to X 5 may be different from the wild-type amino acid as long as the Nampt activity is improved over that of the wild-type.
- Preferred substitutions for X 1 to X 5 include the following. 1) X 1 : substitution of wild-type amino acid to T or V, more preferably substitution to T 2) X 2 : substitution of wild-type amino acid to A or G, more preferably substitution to G 3) X 3 : wild-type amino acid substitution to V, G or A, more preferably G or A substitution 4) X 4 : wild-type amino acid substitution to A or L, more preferably substitution to A 5) X 5 : substitution of a wild-type amino acid with G, S, A, N, or I, more preferably substitution of a wild-type amino acid with S, A, N, or I
- the modified Nampt of the present invention may have mutations in two or more of X 1 to X 5 (complex substitution (mutation)). By introducing multiple mutations in this way, higher activity than a single mutation may be achieved.
- Such compound substitutions include combinations of the following. 2 substitutions: X 1 and X 2 , X 1 and X 3 , X 1 and X 4 , X 1 and X 5 , X 2 and X 3 , X 2 and X 4 , X 2 and X 5 , X 3 and X 4 , X3 and X5 , X4 and X5 3 substitutions: X 1 and X 2 and X 3 , X 1 and X 2 and X 4 , X 1 and X 2 and X 5 , X 1 and X 3 and X 4 , X 1 and X 3 and X 5 , X 1 and X 4 and X 5 , X 2 and X 3 and X 4 , X 2 and X 3 and X 5 , X 2 and X 3 and X 4 and , X 2 and X 3 and X 5 , X 2 and X 3 and X 4 and , X 2
- compound substitution of X 1 and X 3 , X 1 and X 4 , and X 1 and X 5 are preferred, and compound substitution of X 3 and X 5 and X 4 and X 5 are more preferred.
- a combination of substitution of X 1 to T and substitution of X 3 to G, a combination of substitution of X 1 to T and substitution of X 4 to A, substitution of X 1 to T and Combinations of substitutions of X 5 to S, combinations of substitutions of X 3 to G and substitutions of X 5 to S, combinations of substitutions of X 1 to T and substitutions of X 3 to T are preferred, X 3 A combination of A substitution and X 5 substitution with S, and a combination of X 4 substitution with G and X 5 substitution with S are more preferred.
- X 1 to X 5 above correspond to the 247th, 248th, 253rd, 278th and 281st amino acids in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, respectively. Therefore, when the amino acid sequence of the modified nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) of the present invention is aligned with the amino acid sequence of Haemophilus ducreyi-derived (AAR87771) Nampt shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, At least one amino acid selected from amino acids at positions corresponding to positions 247, 248, 253, 278, and 281 is substituted with an amino acid different from the wild-type amino acid, and the activity is improved over wild-type Nampt. It can also be described as a modified Nampt.
- Nampt modified nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
- substitutions can be described as follows. 1) Substitution of the wild-type amino acid at position (X 1 ) corresponding to position 247 of SEQ ID NO: 3 to T or V, more preferably substitution to T 2) Position corresponding to position 248 of SEQ ID NO: 3 (X 2 ) of the wild - type amino acid to A or G, more preferably to G; More preferably, substitution to G or A 4) Substitution of the wild-type amino acid at position (X 4 ) corresponding to position 278 of SEQ ID NO: 3 to A or L, more preferably substitution to A 5) SEQ ID NO: 3 Substitution of the wild-type amino acid at position (X 5 ) corresponding to position 281 with G, S, A, N, or I, more preferably with S, A, N, or I
- the modified Nampt of the present invention has an activity higher than that of the wild type, preferably 1.2 times or more, more preferably 1.4 times or more.
- activity means Nampt activity, that is, enzymatic activity that catalyzes the reaction that produces NMN from PRPP and NAM.
- the activity measurement can be calculated by contacting the substrates PRPP and NAM with Nampt, converting to NMN, and then quantifying the NMN.
- the reaction conditions are a substrate concentration of 10 to 100 mM, a reaction temperature of 10°C to 40°C, and a reaction time of 1 hour to 40 hours. It is stopped by adding methanol and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). After that, by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), the generated NMN can be analyzed and quantified.
- the modified Nampt of the present invention is obtained by introducing the above-described amino acid substitution into a known Nampt and selecting its enzymatic activity compared with the wild type.
- Methods for introducing mutations include site-directed mutagenesis and genome editing using site-directed nucleases.
- ZFN zinc finger nuclease
- TALEN transcription activator-like effector nuclease
- CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9
- modified Nampt The present invention also provides a gene (DNA) encoding the modified Nampt of the present invention.
- the "modified Nampt-encoding DNA" of the present invention includes a DNA having a nucleotide sequence complementary to the modified Nampt-encoding DNA under stringent conditions, and having higher Nampt activity than the wild type. Also included are DNAs encoding proteins having
- stringent conditions refers to the conditions for washing after hybridization at a salt concentration of 300 to 2000 mM and a temperature of 40 to 75°C, preferably a salt concentration of 600 to 900 mM and a temperature of 65°C. means.
- conditions such as 2 ⁇ SSC and 50° C. can be mentioned.
- a person skilled in the art would consider the conditions such as the salt concentration and temperature of the buffer, as well as other conditions such as the probe concentration, probe length, reaction time, etc. Conditions for obtaining can be set as appropriate.
- DNAs that hybridize include DNAs or partial fragments thereof that have a sequence identity of at least 40%, preferably 60%, more preferably 90% or more, with the gene DNA of the present invention.
- the present invention also provides an expression vector containing a gene (DNA) encoding the modified Nampt of the present invention.
- the expression vector of the present invention may contain, in addition to the gene encoding the modified Nampt, genes (DNA) encoding other enzymes acting in the NMN production pathway.
- genes (DNA) encoding other enzymes acting in the NMN production pathway.
- Nampt it may contain all the genes encoding Prs and Ppk described below, an expression vector containing genes encoding Nampt and Prs, or an expression vector containing genes encoding Nampt and Ppk. There may be.
- the expression vector used in the present invention can be produced by a known technique.
- an expression cassette is constructed by inserting a transcription promoter upstream of a gene encoding a given enzyme and optionally a terminator downstream, and this cassette is inserted into an expression vector.
- the transcription promoter and/or terminator of the vector are used without constructing the expression cassette, and a gene encoding a given enzyme is in between. should be inserted.
- all of these genes may be inserted under the same promoter or under different promoters. good.
- the type of promoter is not particularly limited as long as it enables appropriate expression in the host. PL promoter, PR promoter, tac promoter, and trc promoter.
- a gene encoding each predetermined enzyme can be obtained, for example, by (i) preparing primers according to the nucleotide sequence information and amplifying the genome or the like as a template, or (ii) according to the amino acid sequence information of the enzyme, It can also be obtained by synthesizing DNA through organic synthesis.
- the gene may be optimized according to the host cell of the transformant.
- a method using restriction enzymes, a method using topoisomerase, etc. can be used.
- Appropriate linkers may be added if necessary during the insertion.
- ribosome binding sequences such as SD sequences and Kozak sequences are known as nucleotide sequences important for translation into amino acids, and these sequences may be inserted upstream of genes.
- part of the amino acid sequence encoded by the gene may be replaced.
- the vector preferably contains a factor (selection marker) for selecting the desired transformant.
- Selection markers include drug resistance genes, auxotrophic complementary genes, assimilation-conferring genes, and the like, and can be selected according to the purpose and host.
- Drug resistance genes used as selectable markers in E. coli include, for example, ampicillin resistance gene, kanamycin gene, dihydrofolate reductase gene, and neomycin resistance gene.
- An appropriate expression vector selected from plasmid DNA, bacteriophage DNA, retrotransposon DNA, artificial chromosomal DNA, etc. may be used according to the host.
- E. coli when E. coli is used as a host, pTrc99A (GE Healthcare Bioscience), pACYC184 (Nippon Gene), pMW118 (Nippon Gene), pET series vectors (Novagen) and the like can be mentioned.
- a vector having two or more insertion sites includes pETDuet-1 (Novagen). If necessary, modified versions of these vectors can also be used.
- the expression vector can enhance the expression of a given enzyme by inserting an expression cassette in which an appropriate promoter, terminator, marker gene, etc. are linked to a gene encoding a given enzyme, into the genome of the host. .
- a known method can be used to obtain a transformant in which the expression cassette is inserted into the genome. For example, when inserting an expression cassette into the genome by homologous recombination, transformation should be performed using a plasmid that has an expression cassette for a given enzyme and an arbitrary genomic region sequence and is incapable of replicating in the host. , a transformant into which the whole plasmid or the expression cassette has been inserted can be obtained.
- a plasmid carrying a negative selection marker such as the SacB gene (encoding levansucrase) or a plasmid with a temperature-sensitive (ts) replication mechanism only the expression cassette can be placed on the genome by two rounds of homologous recombination. It is also possible to efficiently obtain transformed transformants.
- a transformant in which the expression cassette is inserted at a random position on the genome can also be obtained by transforming using a DNA fragment consisting only of the expression cassette.
- enzymes other than Nampt when using an enzyme (endogenous enzyme) that the host originally has on the genome, its expression can be enhanced by replacing the promoter of the enzyme gene on the genome with a strong one. can.
- the promoter the same promoters used in the expression vectors described above can be used.
- Transformant also provides a transformant containing the gene (DNA) encoding the modified Nampt of the present invention or the expression vector.
- the transformant of the present invention may contain, in addition to DNA encoding modified Nampt, DNA encoding other enzymes acting in the NMN production pathway.
- the transformant host is not particularly limited as long as it is a cell that can express a given enzyme by a protein expression system using an expression vector or the like.
- bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes (e.g. Rhodococcus, Corynebacterium); yeasts (e.g. Saccharomyces, Candida ( Candida, genus Pichia); filamentous fungi; plant cells; animal cells such as insect cells and mammalian cells.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Corynebacterium and bacteria belonging to the genus Rhodococcus are preferred, and E. coli is more preferred.
- E. coli includes, for example, E. coli K12 and B strains, and their wild strain-derived derivatives, W3110 strain, JM109 strain, XL1-Blue strain (e.g., XL1-BlueMRF'), K802 strain, C600 strain, BL21. strain, BL21(DE3) strain, BN8 strain (WO2019/065876), and the like.
- W3110 strain JM109 strain
- XL1-Blue strain e.g., XL1-BlueMRF'
- K802 strain C600 strain
- BL21. strain BL21(DE3) strain
- BN8 strain WO2019/065876
- the method of introducing the expression vector into the host is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for the host. Available methods include, for example, the electroporation method, the method using calcium ions, the spheroplast method, the lithium acetate method, the calcium phosphate method, and the lipofection method.
- the transformant into which the expression vector has been introduced can be cultured by a method suitable for the cells (bacteria) used as the host to express each predetermined enzyme.
- bacteria used as the host to express each predetermined enzyme.
- a transformant expressing Nampt and Prs and a transformant expressing Ppk are prepared and combined.
- each transformant may be cultured in the same medium, or may be cultured in separate media and then mixed.
- Transformants dormant cells prepared from transformants, membrane-permeability-improved cells, inactivated cells, disrupted cells, cell-free extracts prepared from disrupted cells, and stabilization treatments
- NMN production reaction is performed using a stabilized product (for details, see the second step below)
- decomposition or side reactions of ribose and NAM as reactants (substrates) and NMN as products may occur and NMN may not be produced efficiently.
- a host in which a gene that causes degradation or a side reaction is disrupted or deleted can be used.
- a host in which genes encoding enzymes classified by any one or more of the EC numbers shown in (a) to (i) below are deleted or disrupted can be used.
- Enzymes classified under EC 3.1.3.5 are 5'-nucleidases and include enzymes that catalyze the reaction that hydrolyzes NMN to produce nicotinamide riboside (NR) and phosphoric acid.
- NR nicotinamide riboside
- Escherichia coli ushA, surE, yrfG, yjjG and the like can be mentioned, and UshA or a homologue thereof is particularly preferred.
- Enzymes classified under EC 3.5.1.19 are nicotinamidases and include enzymes involved in NAM degradation.
- E. coli pncA can be mentioned.
- the enzyme classified under EC 2.4.2.1 is a purine-nucleoside phosphorylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that phosphorylates NR to produce NAM and ribose-1-phosphate (R1P). is included.
- deoD of E. coli or its homologous gene can be mentioned.
- Enzymes classified under EC 3.5.1.42 are nicotinamide mononucleotide deaminase, including enzymes that hydrolyze NMN to catalyze the reaction that produces NaMN and ammonia.
- E. coli pncC or its homologous gene can be mentioned.
- Enzymes classified into (e) EC 1.17.2.1 and (f) EC 1.17.1.5 are nicotinate dehydrogenases, and include enzymes that can participate in the by-production of hydroxynicotinic acid from NAM.
- Enzymes classified under EC 3.2.2.1 are purine nucleosidases, including enzymes that hydrolyze NR to catalyze the reaction to produce NAM and ribose. Examples include Pu--N or its homologues.
- Enzymes classified under EC 3.2.2.3 are uridine nucleosidases, including enzymes that can hydrolyze NR to catalyze the reaction to produce NAM and ribose. Examples include URH1 or homologues thereof.
- Enzymes classified under EC 3.2.2.14 are NMN nucleosidases, including enzymes that hydrolyze NMN to catalyze the reaction to produce NAM and R5P. In the present invention, it is preferred to disrupt or delete the gene encoding NMN nucleosidase.
- Deletion or disruption is a gene encoding an enzyme classified into the EC number shown in (d) and any one or more of (a), (c), (g), (h), and (i). and a gene encoding an enzyme classified by the EC number shown in (d) and a gene that encodes an enzyme classified by the EC number shown in (a). More preferably, it is a gene encoding an enzyme.
- the method of disrupting or deleting a gene is not particularly limited, and known gene disruption or deletion methods can be used. For example, a method using a linearized fragment for gene disruption or deletion, a method using a circular gene disruption or deletion plasmid that does not contain an origin of replication, a method using a group II intron, a Red-ET homologous recombination method, ZFN. , TALEN, methods using genome editing such as CRISPR / Cas9.
- Modified Nampt can be produced by culturing the above transformant and collecting a protein having Nampt activity from the resulting culture.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing such modified Nampt.
- culture includes any of culture supernatant, cultured cells, cultured cells, or disrupted cells or cells.
- the medium for culturing the transformant of the present invention contains a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic salts, etc. that can be assimilated by the host fungus, and is a medium capable of efficiently culturing the transformant. Either medium or synthetic medium may be used.
- Carbon sources include carbohydrates such as glucose, galactose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose and starch, organic acids such as acetic acid and propionic acid, and alcohols such as ethanol and propanol.
- Nitrogen sources include ammonia, ammonium salts of inorganic or organic acids, such as ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium acetate and ammonium phosphate, or other nitrogen-containing compounds.
- peptone, yeast extract, meat extract, corn steep liquor, various amino acids, etc. may be used.
- inorganic substances include monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, and calcium carbonate.
- an antifoaming agent may be added to prevent foaming during culture.
- the medium may be supplemented with a compound that acts as an inducer of enzyme expression.
- the culture it may be cultured under selective pressure to prevent the loss of the vector and the target gene. That is, if the selection marker is a drug resistance gene, the corresponding drug may be added to the medium, or if the selection marker is the auxotrophic complementary gene, the corresponding trophic factor may be removed from the medium.
- the selection marker is a drug resistance gene
- the corresponding drug may be added to the medium, or if the selection marker is the auxotrophic complementary gene, the corresponding trophic factor may be removed from the medium.
- the selection marker is a gene conferring assimilation
- the corresponding assimilation factor can be added as the sole factor as necessary. For example, when culturing Escherichia coli transformed with a vector containing an ampicillin-resistant gene, ampicillin may be added during the culture, if necessary.
- an inducer may be added to the medium as necessary.
- IPTG isopropyl- ⁇ -D-thiogalactoside
- IAA indoleacetic acid
- the culture conditions for the transformant are not particularly limited as long as they do not interfere with the productivity of the modified Nampt of interest and the growth of the host. 5-100 hours at 37°C.
- the pH is adjusted using an inorganic or organic acid, an alkaline solution, or the like.
- Examples of the culture method include solid culture, stationary culture, shaking culture, and aeration and agitation culture. Especially when culturing a transformant of Rhodococcus, shaking culture or aeration and agitation culture (jar fermenter) is used. Culturing under aerobic conditions is preferred.
- the modified Nampt of the present invention When cultured under the above culture conditions, the modified Nampt of the present invention accumulates in the culture at a high yield, that is, in at least one of the culture supernatant, cultured cells, cultured cells, or disrupted cells or cells. can do.
- the desired modified Nampt can be collected by disrupting the fungus or cells.
- Methods for disrupting bacterial bodies or cells include high-pressure treatment using a French press or homogenizer, ultrasonic treatment, grinding treatment using glass beads or the like, enzymatic treatment using lysozyme, cellulase or pectinase, freeze-thaw treatment, hypotonic solution treatment, Lysis induction treatment by phage, etc. can be used.
- the bacteria or cell crushing residue (including the cell extract-insoluble fraction) can be removed if necessary.
- Methods for removing the residue include, for example, centrifugation and filtration, and if necessary, a coagulant, a filter aid, or the like can be used to increase the residue removal efficiency.
- the supernatant obtained after removing the residue is the cell extract soluble fraction and can be used as a crude modified Nampt solution.
- modified Nampt when produced in a fungus or a cell, it is possible to collect the fungus or the cells themselves by centrifugation, membrane separation, etc., and use them uncrushed.
- the culture solution is used as is, or the bacterial cells or cells are removed by centrifugation, filtration, or the like. Then, if necessary, the modified Nampt is collected from the culture by extraction by ammonium sulfate precipitation, etc., and if necessary, dialysis, various chromatography (gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, etc.) are used. It can also be isolated and purified by
- the production yield of Nampt obtained by culturing the transformant is measured by SDS-PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) in units such as per culture solution, per wet weight or dry weight of cells, per crude enzyme solution protein, and the like. electrophoresis), Nampt activity measurement, etc., but is not particularly limited. SDS-PAGE can be performed using methods known to those skilled in the art. For the Nampt activity, the activity value described above can be applied.
- a cell-free protein synthesis system is a system in which a protein is synthesized in an artificial container such as a test tube using a cell extract.
- the cell-free protein synthesis system used in the present invention also includes a cell-free transcription system that synthesizes RNA using DNA as a template.
- the organism corresponding to the above host corresponds to the organism from which the cell extract below is derived.
- the cell extract a eukaryotic cell-derived or prokaryotic cell-derived extract, such as a wheat germ extract or an extract of E. coli, can be used. These cell extracts may be concentrated or non-concentrated.
- Cell extracts can be obtained, for example, by ultrafiltration, dialysis, polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, and the like.
- cell-free protein synthesis can also be performed using a commercially available kit. Examples of such kits include reagent kit PROTEIOTM (Toyobo), TNTTM System (Promega), synthesizer PG-MateTM (Toyobo), and RTS (Roche Diagnostics).
- the modified Nampt obtained by cell-free protein synthesis as described above can be purified by appropriately selecting chromatography as described above.
- NMN nicotinamide
- PRPP phosphoribosylpyrophosphate
- NAM nicotinamide
- PRPP phosphoribosylpyrophosphate
- NAM nicotinamide
- NMN nicotinamide mononucleotide
- a culture after culturing the transformant of the present invention, or a processed product of the culture can be used.
- the treated material include cultured cells (transformants) encapsulated in gel such as acrylamide, treated with glutaraldehyde, and supported on inorganic carriers such as resin, alumina, silica, zeolite and diatomaceous earth. etc.
- the term “contact” means allowing modified Nampt, PRPP and NAM to exist in the same reaction system or culture system, for example, mixing separated and purified modified Nampt with PRPP and NAM; adding PRPP and NAM to a culture vessel of cells (transformant) expressing the type Nampt gene, culturing the cells in the presence of PRPP and NAM, and mixing the extract of the cells with PRPP and NAM etc. is included.
- Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate can be produced, for example, from ribose-5-phosphate in the presence of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase.
- Examples of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase include those derived from humans (Homo sapiens) (NP_002755), those derived from Bacillus subtilis (BAA05286), those derived from Bacillus caldolyticus (CAA58682), those derived from Arabidopsis thaliana ( Q680A5) and Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (Q58761).
- a mutant phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase can also be used if desired.
- mutant phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthases include, for example, human-derived Prs mutants such as Asp51His (substitution of ASP at position 51 with His, hereinafter the same), Asn113Ser, Leu128Ile, Aspl82His, Ala189Val, and Hisl92Gln; and corresponding variants of Prs derived from other organisms, such as variants of Prs derived from Bacillus subtilis, such as Asn120Ser (corresponding to Asn113Ser above) and Leu135Ile (corresponding to Leu128Ile above).
- human-derived Prs mutants such as Asp51His (substitution of ASP at position 51 with His, hereinafter the same), Asn113Ser, Leu128Ile, Aspl82His, Ala189Val, and Hisl92Gln
- variants of Prs derived from other organisms such as variants of Prs derived from Bacillus subtilis, such as Asn120Ser
- Ribose-5-phosphate can be produced from ribose in the presence of ribokinase.
- ribokinases natural ribokinases derived from various organisms or mutant ribokinases prepared by modifying their amino acid sequences can be used, for example, those derived from humans (Homo sapiens) (NP_002755). , derived from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (P25332), derived from Bacillus subtilis (P36945), derived from Escherichia coli (AAA51476), derived from Haemophilus influenzae (P44331).
- the method for producing NMN of the present invention may be carried out, for example, according to the method described in WO2020/129997. That is, a transformant in which the expression of the three enzymes Nampt, Prs and Ppk was enhanced, a cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution expressing the three enzymes, or a processed product thereof, R5P, NAM, ATP, and polyphosphate and contacting with.
- Such a method for producing NMN typically involves sequentially performing the following steps (1) to (3) (herein referred to as the first step, the second step and the third step, respectively). be implemented. These steps may be performed by the same person or by different people. Moreover, these steps may be performed continuously, or may be performed stepwise with a predetermined period between each step.
- a transformant containing a gene encoding each of the enzymes Nampt, Prs, Rbk and Ppk is produced and cultured, or a protein synthesis reaction is performed in a cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution containing a gene encoding each of the enzymes.
- first step (2) If necessary, a step of preparing a processed product from the transformant or cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution that has undergone the first step (second step); and (3) transformation that has undergone the first and second steps.
- second step a step of preparing a processed product from the transformant or cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution that has undergone the first step
- third step A step of contacting the body, the cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution, or a processed product thereof with each substrate compound.
- the method for manufacturing NMN of the present invention will be described in further detail along an embodiment in which the first step, second step and third step are performed.
- the method for manufacturing NMN of the present invention can also be performed in an embodiment in which the first step, second step, and third step specifically described below are appropriately modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention. is.
- Nampt is used in this embodiment, four enzymes, Nampt, Prs, Ppk, and, if necessary, Rbk, are used.
- Nampt, Prs, Ppk and Rbk are all known enzymes, and their amino acid sequences and base sequences of genes encoding them are readily available to those skilled in the art.
- the four predetermined enzymes may be naturally occurring enzymes, or may be prepared by modifying the amino acid sequences of naturally occurring enzymes, as long as they can catalyze their respective desired reactions. may be a mutant enzyme with improved expression level or enzyme activity.
- various tags proteins or peptides
- tags include His tag (histidine tag), Strep (II)-tag, GST tag (glutathione-S-transferase tag), MBP tag (maltose binding protein tag), GFP tag (green fluorescent protein tag), SUMO Tag (Small Ubiquitin-related (like) Modifier tag) FLAG tag, HA tag, myc tag and the like. Additionally, the four enzymes may be expressed as fusion proteins with each other.
- Prs examples include those derived from humans (Homo sapiens) (NP_002755), those derived from Bacillus subtilis (BAA05286), those derived from Bacillus caldolyticus (CAA58682), those derived from Arabidopsis thaliana (Q680A5), Methanocaldococcus jannaschii (Q58761).
- NP_002755 those derived from humans
- BAA05286 Bacillus subtilis
- CAA58682 Bacillus caldolyticus
- Q680A5 derived from Arabidopsis thaliana
- Methanocaldococcus jannaschii Q58761
- mutant Prs include mutants of human-derived Prs, such as Asp51His (substitution of ASP at position 51 with His, hereinafter the same), Asn113Ser, Leu128Ile, Aspl82His, Ala189Val, and Hisl92Gln, and their corresponding variants.
- Mutant types of Prs derived from other organisms, such as Bacillus subtilis-derived Prs include mutant types such as Asn120Ser (corresponding to Asn113Ser above) and Leu135Ile (corresponding to Leu128Ile above).
- Rbk natural Rbk derived from various organisms, or mutant Rbk prepared by modifying its amino acid sequence can be used. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P25332), Bacillus subtilis (P36945), Escherichia coli (AAA51476), and Haemophilus influenzae (P44331).
- Ppk (EC number: 2.7.4.1) in the present invention is for the reaction (ATP regeneration reaction) to regenerate ATP from ADP generated in the first reaction or AMP generated in the second reaction and polyphosphoric acid. Enzyme used.
- Ppks can be classified into two families, the polyphosphate kinase type 1 family (Ppk1) and the polyphosphate kinase type 2 family (Ppk2), depending on differences in amino acid sequence and kinetics.
- Ppk2 has a higher activity to regenerate ATP using polyphosphate as a substrate than Ppk1. Therefore, it is preferable to use Ppk2 as Ppk in the present invention.
- Ppk2 can be further divided into three subfamilies, class 1, class 2 and class 3.
- Class 1 and class 2 Ppk2 catalyze the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP and the phosphorylation of AMP to ADP, respectively.
- class 3 Ppk2 can catalyze both the phosphorylation of AMP and the phosphorylation of ADP, and thus can generate ATP from AMP by itself.
- Ppk in the present invention a combination of Ppk2 class 1 for regenerating ATP from ADP and Ppk2 class 2 for regenerating ADP from AMP can be used.
- adenylate kinase which catalyzes the reaction AMP + ATP ⁇ 2ADP
- Ppk2 class 1 or Ppk1 for regenerating ATP from ADP is used as Ppk in the present invention.
- Ppk2 class 3 because of its high efficiency in that both reactions of regeneration of ATP from ADP and regeneration of ATP from AMP can be catalyzed alone.
- Ppk2 class 3 examples include those derived from Deinococcus radiodurans (NP_293858), those derived from Paenarthrobacter aurescens (ABM08865), those derived from Meiothermus rube (ADD29239), those derived from Deinococcus geothermalis (WP_011531362), those derived from Thermosynechococcus elongatus ( NP_682498).
- Ppk2 class 1 includes, for example, those derived from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (CS253628), those derived from Sinorhizobium meliloti (NP_384613), those derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA0141 (NP_248831), those derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA2428 (NP_251118), and those derived from Francisella tularensis. (AJI69883).
- Ppk2 class 2 includes, for example, PA3455 (NP_252145) derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- examples of adenylate kinase include those derived from Bacillus cereus (AAP07232).
- the second step is, if necessary, a step of preparing a processed product from the transformant or cell-free protein synthesis reaction mixture that has passed through the first step.
- processed transformants include resting cells, membrane-permeability-enhancing cells, inactivated cells, and disrupted cells prepared from transformants.
- cell-free extracts and purified enzymes prepared from disrupted cells are also included in the processed products of the present invention.
- the processed product of the cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution include purified enzymes prepared from the cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution.
- the processed product of the present invention also includes a transformant, a cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution, and a stabilized product obtained by subjecting these processed products to a stabilization treatment.
- Resting cells can be prepared using known methods.
- a resting cell means a cell whose growth has been substantially stopped. Specifically, after recovering the transformant grown by culture from the medium, the transformant is suspended in a buffer or the like that does not contain a carbon source that can be easily used, or the recovered transformant is frozen. or by drying and pulverizing. Any method may be used to recover the transformant from the medium, and examples thereof include a method using centrifugation, a method using membrane filtration, and the like. Centrifugation is not particularly limited as long as it can supply centrifugal force for sedimentation of the transformant, and a cylinder type, separation plate type, or the like can be used. The centrifugal force can be, for example, about 500G to 20,000G.
- Membrane filtration may be performed using either a microfiltration (MF) membrane or an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane as long as the transformant can be recovered from the medium.
- MF microfiltration
- UF ultrafiltration
- any buffer may be used as long as the growth of the transformant is substantially stopped and the function of each predetermined enzyme is maintained.
- solution acrylic acid buffer, Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane)-hydrochloric acid buffer, HEPES (2-(4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl) ethanesulfonic acid) and other good buffers (Good 's buffers) or the like can be used.
- the transformant When freezing the transformant, it may be frozen after most of the water has been removed by the above-mentioned centrifugation or the like, or after being suspended in an appropriate buffer.
- the freezing temperature varies depending on the components of the buffer in which the transformant is suspended, but may be any temperature at which the transformant is substantially frozen, for example, in the range of -210°C to 0°C. You can do it with
- any method may be used as long as the drying method substantially stops the growth of the transformant and maintains the function of each predetermined enzyme.
- a drying method, a spray drying method, and the like can be mentioned.
- the preparation of membrane permeability-enhancing bacterial cells can be performed using a known method.
- treating the transformant with an organic solvent or surfactant facilitates passage of substrates and products through the cell membrane and cell wall of the transformant.
- the type of organic solvent and surfactant to be used is not particularly limited as long as it improves membrane permeability and maintains the function of each predetermined enzyme. and methanol, and if it is a surfactant, Triton-X 100 or benzethonium chloride can be used.
- Preparation of inactivated cells can be carried out using known methods. For example, it can be carried out by chemical treatment or heat treatment.
- cationic surfactants such as benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, methylstearoyl chloride, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
- zwitterionic surfactants such as alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride
- alcohols such as ethanol, thiols such as 2-mercaptoethanol, amines such as ethylenediamine, and amino acids such as cysteine, ornithine and citrulline.
- the heat treatment may be performed at a temperature and for a time at which the target enzyme is not deactivated.
- Preparation of disrupted cells can be carried out using known methods. For example, ultrasonic treatment, high-pressure treatment with a French press or homogenizer, grinding treatment with a bead mill, collision treatment with an impact crusher, enzymatic treatment using lysozyme, cellulase, pectinase, etc., freeze-thaw treatment, hypotonic solution treatment, lysis with phage Induction treatment and the like can be mentioned, and any of these methods can be used alone or in combination as necessary.
- the beads used When performing grinding treatment with a bead mill, the beads used have a density of 2.5 to 6.0 g/cm 3 and a size of 0.1 to 1.0 mm, and are usually ground by filling about 80 to 85%. can be performed, and both a batch system and a continuous system can be adopted as the operation system.
- the treatment pressure is not particularly limited as long as the target protein recovery rate from the cells is sufficiently high.
- Crushing can be performed at a pressure of
- multi-stage processing can be achieved by arranging equipment in series or using multi-stage equipment to improve crushing and operating efficiency. Normally, the temperature rises by 2 to 3° C. per 10 MPa of treatment pressure, so cooling treatment is preferably performed as necessary.
- the cell slurry is previously frozen into fine particles (eg, 50 ⁇ m or less) by rapid spray freezing (freezing rate: several thousand ° C. per minute, for example), etc., and this is frozen at a high speed (eg, about 300 m / s ), the cells can be efficiently crushed by colliding with the collision plate with the carrier gas.
- rapid spray freezing freezing rate: several thousand ° C. per minute, for example
- a cell-free extract can be prepared by removing the crushed residue (insoluble fraction containing cell membranes, cell walls, etc.) from the crushed cells.
- the crushing residue can be removed by a known method, for example, centrifugation, membrane filtration, filter cloth filtration, or the like can be used.
- the centrifugation operation can be performed as described above, but if the crushed residue of the transformant is fine and difficult to sediment easily, a flocculant or the like is used as necessary to increase the residue sedimentation efficiency.
- Membrane filtration can also be performed as described above, and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes can be used particularly when the disrupted residue of the transformant is fine.
- UF ultrafiltration
- filter aids include diatomaceous earth, cellulose powder, and activated carbon.
- flocculants include cationic flocculants, anionic flocculants, amphoteric flocculants, and nonionic flocculants.
- a cell-free extract containing each of the predetermined enzymes can be prepared by recovering the supernatant free of bacterial cells by any of the operations described above and making it acellular (cell-free).
- Purified enzymes can be prepared by general biochemical methods, such as ammonium sulfate precipitation, various types of chromatography (e.g., gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex column, etc.), ion exchange chromatography (DEAE-Toyopearl, etc.), affinity chromatography (TALON Metal Affinity Resin, etc.), hydrophobic chromatography (butyl Toyopearl, etc.), anion chromatography (MonoQ column, etc.), SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, etc. can be used alone or in combination as appropriate.
- chromatography e.g., gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex column, etc.), ion exchange chromatography (DEAE-Toyopearl, etc.), affinity chromatography (TALON Metal Affinity Resin, etc.), hydrophobic chromatography (butyl Toyopearl, etc.), anion chromatography (MonoQ column, etc.), SDS poly
- the stabilizing treatment may be any treatment that improves the stability of each predetermined enzyme against environmental factors (temperature, pH, concentration of chemical substances, etc.) or the stability during storage compared to the untreated state.
- a gel such as acrylamide
- aldehydes such as glutaraldehyde (CLEA: including cross-linked enzyme aggregate)
- support treatment on an inorganic carrier alumina, silica, zeolite, diatomaceous earth, etc.
- the substrates and products used in the present invention have relatively high polarity, and cell membranes and cell walls may be rate-limiting for mass transfer. Therefore, in the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use lysed cells, cell-free extracts, purified enzymes, or stabilized products thereof from the viewpoint of substrate and product permeability.
- the above transformant, cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution, or processed product thereof can be stored under any conditions as long as the enzymatic activity is maintained. If desired, these solutions may be frozen under appropriate conditions (eg, -80°C to -20°C, 1 day to 1 year) and stored until use (when performing the third step).
- each transformant when transformants separately containing genes encoding each of the predetermined enzymes are combined, for example, a transformant with enhanced expression of Nampt and Prs and a transformant with enhanced expression of Ppk are combined, (i) each transformant may be treated separately and then the treated products may be mixed, or (ii) the transformants may be mixed After that, each processing may be performed collectively.
- the third step is the step of contacting the transformant or the cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution that has undergone the first step, or, if necessary, the processed product thereof that has undergone the second step, with a substrate that serves as various raw materials for the enzymatic reaction. is.
- the second reaction by Prs and the third reaction by Nampt are coupled with the ATP regeneration reaction by Ppk.
- the substrate is phosphorylated using ATP as a phosphate source, and in the third reaction by Nampt, ATP is consumed because it is autophosphorylated by the ATP hydrolysis activity of Nampt itself. be.
- the reactions can be efficiently advanced while compensating for the consumed ATP.
- phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate which is the product of the second reaction by Prs, is a relatively unstable compound
- PRPP phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
- the ATP regeneration reaction regenerates ATP from ADP and/or AMP, so ATP is not depleted. It is necessary to add in At this time, ADP or AMP may be added to the reaction solvent instead of ATP, if necessary.
- the second and third reactions may be combined with the first reaction by Rbk coupled with the ATP regeneration reaction by Ppk.
- the first reaction by Rbk may be performed first, and then the second reaction by Prs and the third reaction by Nampt may be performed using the reaction solution as a raw material, or the first reaction by Rbk and the second reaction by Prs
- the reaction and the tertiary reaction with Nampt may be performed in the same reaction system.
- the second reaction with Prs and the third reaction with Nampt are transformants in which expression of the three enzymes Nampt, Prs and Ppk are enhanced, cell-free protein synthesis reaction solutions in which the three enzymes are expressed, or processed products thereof. with R5P, NAM, ATP, and polyphosphate.
- a transformant in which the expression of the two enzymes Rbk and Ppk was enhanced a cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution in which the two enzymes were expressed, or a processed product thereof, was treated with ribose, ATP, and polyphosphate. It is carried out by contacting with an acid.
- the raw materials used in the third step can be purchased from general suppliers, or can be synthesized by self-reaction.
- R5P can be a commercially available product. It is preferable to use a cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution or a product synthesized by contacting a treated product thereof with ribose and polyphosphate.
- Polyphosphoric acid one of the above raw materials, is known to have various chain lengths.
- the polyphosphoric acid used in the present invention may have any chain length as long as the ATP regeneration reaction can be performed efficiently. About 100 is preferable, and about 3 to 30 is more preferable.
- a compound other than the above raw materials is used, a transformant in which the expression of each predetermined enzyme is enhanced, a cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution in which each predetermined enzyme is expressed, or a treatment thereof It may be brought into contact with a substance, or contained in a reaction solvent (within a production system).
- a reaction solvent within a production system.
- metal ions such as magnesium ions
- a buffer component for each enzyme to exert its function.
- the reaction is preferably carried out under conditions in which the transformant does not substantially proliferate.
- the substrates and products in this reaction are not used for the growth of the transformant or degraded, and the target product can be produced at a high yield. I can expect it.
- the conditions under which transformants do not substantially grow may be any conditions as long as the number of transformants in the reaction system does not substantially increase.
- the reaction may be carried out in a solution that does not contain a carbon source (such as glucose) that is readily available to transformants.
- concentrations of the above substances in the reaction solvent (within the manufacturing system) are as follows.
- the concentration of Nampt is, for example, 1 ⁇ g/L to 5 g/L.
- the concentration of Prs is, for example, 1 ⁇ g/L to 1 g/L.
- the concentration of Rbk is, for example, 1 ⁇ g/L to 1 g/L.
- the concentration of Ppk is, for example, 1 ⁇ g/L to 5 g/L.
- the concentration of R5P is, for example, 1 ⁇ g/L to 100 g/L.
- the concentration of ribose is, for example, 1 ⁇ g/L to 100 g/L.
- the concentration of NAM is, for example, 1 ⁇ g/L to 500 g/L.
- the concentration of ATP is, for example, 1 ⁇ g/L to 100 g/L.
- the concentration of polyphosphoric acid is, for example, 1 ⁇ g/L to 200 g/L.
- the concentration of each raw material in the reaction solvent can be adjusted within the above range by adjusting the amount of these raw materials added to the reaction solvent.
- the reaction solvent may be added in a predetermined amount at once at the beginning of the third step, or at an appropriate stage at the beginning and/or in the middle of the third step, and sequentially added in predetermined amounts. You may do so.
- the conditions for advancing the enzymatic reaction can also be adjusted as appropriate.
- the reaction temperature is preferably adjusted within a range in which the catalytic efficiency of each enzyme is optimized.
- the reaction time can be set until the production amount of NMN, which is the target compound, reaches a predetermined amount.
- the produced NMN can be recovered from the production system, and can be appropriately concentrated and purified according to conventional methods. Any method can be used for recovery and purification as long as it can improve the purity of NMN and efficiently recover NMN. mentioned.
- the NMN synthesis reaction when the reaction is performed using bacterial cells, the bacterial cells can be removed by means of centrifugation, membrane filtration, or the like. Alternatively, if the reaction is performed using cell-free extracts or purified enzymes, proteins, etc. are removed by filtration with an ultrafiltration membrane, or by centrifugation after precipitation by adding perchloric acid, etc. can do.
- the pH is returned to weak acidity with potassium hydroxide or the like, and the resulting precipitate of potassium perchlorate is removed again by centrifugation.
- washing treatment by activated charcoal adsorption can be carried out, if necessary.
- An aqueous solution containing NMN is contacted with activated carbon to adsorb NMN.
- Certain impurities can be removed by filtering the NMN-adsorbed activated carbon using a filter paper or the like and then washing it with a solvent such as isoamyl alcohol. Further purification can then be achieved by treatment with an anion exchange resin.
- a solution containing NMN can be passed through an anion exchange resin such as Dowex and the adsorbed NMN can be eluted with water. Furthermore, NMN can be obtained as a precipitate by acidifying the pH of the resulting NMN aqueous solution and adding a large amount of acetone. Purified NMN can be obtained by drying the precipitate.
- an anion exchange resin such as Dowex
- NMN can be obtained as a precipitate by acidifying the pH of the resulting NMN aqueous solution and adding a large amount of acetone. Purified NMN can be obtained by drying the precipitate.
- the present invention can be carried out so that the total number of moles of ATP, ADP and AMP added to the reaction system is 0.5 equivalent or less of the number of moles of NMN produced.
- any method can be used as long as the amount of ATP or the like added for NMN production can be reduced as a result, but for example, the following means alone or It can be implemented by appropriately combining them.
- Conjugation of ATP regeneration system (2) Coexistence of PPase (3) Utilization of bacteria-derived Nampt (4) Utilization of host in which unnecessary genes are disrupted or deleted (5) Appropriate substrate concentration
- the method for producing NMN of the present invention comprises transformants in which Nampt expression is enhanced and cell-free protein synthesis reactions in which the enzyme is expressed in the presence of PPase.
- a step of contacting the liquids, or their processed products, with NAM and PRPP may be included.
- the steps of this embodiment are carried out by sequentially performing the first, second and third steps in the same manner as in the embodiment of 6.2. That is, in the first step and the second step, at least a transformant in which Nampt expression is enhanced, a cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution in which the enzyme is expressed, or a processed product thereof is prepared, and PPase expression is prepared.
- a cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution in which the enzyme is expressed such as an enhanced transformant or a microorganism expressing PPase as an endogenous enzyme, although the expression is not particularly enhanced, or a processed product thereof is prepared.
- the transformant, cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution, or processed product thereof that has undergone the first and second steps should be brought into contact with at least NAM and PRPP. is.
- PPase (EC number: 3.6.1.1) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes pyrophosphate into two molecules of phosphate.
- the third reaction can proceed extremely efficiently by performing the third reaction in the presence of PPase.
- Nampt In the third reaction by Nampt, pyrophosphate is by-produced along with NMN. From the standpoint of general enzymatic reactions, it is expected that the addition of PPase to the third reaction system will decompose pyrophosphate, which is a by-product, into phosphoric acid, promoting the reaction toward NMN production. But for Nampt, it's not always trivial. This is because if pyrophosphate is decomposed, the Nampt reaction may not proceed continuously. Nampt is known to hydrolyze ATP and be activated by autophosphorylation.
- Dephosphorylation of autophosphorylated Nampt is required for each reaction to continue the third reaction by Nampt, and pyrophosphate is considered to be a trigger substance for the dephosphorylation (Biochemistry 47 , 11086-11096 (2008)). Therefore, if pyrophosphate is removed by PPase, dephosphorylation of Nampt may not occur and the reaction may not continue. However, in the second invention group, the third reaction can be remarkably promoted by carrying out the third reaction in the presence of PPase.
- PPase examples include those derived from yeast (P00817), those derived from Escherichia coli (NP_418647), those derived from Bacillus subtilis (P37487), those derived from Thermus thermophilus (P38576), those derived from Streptococcus gordonii (P95765), and those derived from Streptococcus. mutans (O68579) and the like.
- PPase may be in any form as long as it can be added to the third reaction system, and may be prepared by any method. Specifically, first, as in the first step in the first invention group, a transformant containing a gene encoding PPase is prepared and cultured, or a cell-free protein containing a gene encoding each of the enzymes is prepared and cultured. A protein synthesis reaction is performed in the synthesis reaction solution to express each of the enzymes. In addition, since PPase is expressed in a certain amount as an enzyme necessary for survival in normal microorganisms, it is possible to culture microorganisms whose expression is not particularly enhanced and use it as it is.
- a processed product can be prepared from the transformant that has undergone the first step, the microorganism or the like whose expression is not particularly enhanced, or the reaction solution for cell-free protein synthesis.
- a commercially available PPase-purified enzyme can be used as one aspect of the processed product.
- Commercially available PPase-purified enzymes include yeast-derived PPase-purified enzyme (product number 10108987001) from Sigma-Aldrich.
- a transformant in which expression of Nampt is enhanced, a cell-free protein synthesis reaction solution expressing the enzyme, or a processed product thereof is brought into contact with NAM and PRPP.
- the method for manufacturing NMN according to the second invention group can be carried out.
- the third reaction can proceed very efficiently, and NMN can be produced efficiently.
- the third reaction according to the second invention group can be carried out alone, but it can be carried out in the same reaction system in combination with one or more of the first reaction, the second reaction and the ATP regeneration reaction. can also In other words, by making the embodiment of the third reaction in the first invention group of the present invention the third reaction defined in the second invention group of the present invention, the first invention group and the second invention It is also possible to implement a group-integrated NMN manufacturing method.
- the reaction is preferably carried out under conditions in which the transformant does not substantially proliferate.
- the substrates and products in this reaction are not used for the growth of the transformant or degraded, and the target product can be produced at a high yield. I can expect it.
- the conditions under which transformants do not substantially grow may be any conditions as long as the number of transformants in the reaction system does not substantially increase.
- the reaction may be carried out in a solution that does not contain a carbon source (such as glucose) that is readily available to transformants.
- the processed product is a purified enzyme.
- the purified enzyme By using the purified enzyme, decomposition of the reactant (substrate) or product or side reaction can be suppressed, so that the effect of promoting the third reaction according to the present invention can be more enjoyed.
- the method for producing NMN of the present invention comprises (d) a gene encoding an enzyme classified into the EC number shown in EC 3.5.1.42 and the following (a) (c) (g) (h) a gene encoding an enzyme classified into one or more EC numbers shown in (i) is disrupted or deleted, and the expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is enhanced; It may include a step of contacting the present transformants or their processed products with at least nicotinamide (NAM).
- EC 2.4.2.1 EC 3.2.2.1
- EC 3.2.2.3 EC 3.2.2.14
- the steps of this embodiment are carried out by sequentially performing the first, second and third steps in the same manner as in the embodiment of 6.2. That is, in the first step and the second step, a transformant in which a gene encoding an enzyme classified by various EC numbers is disrupted or deleted and expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) is enhanced Or a step for preparing a processed product thereof, and in the third step, the transformants that have undergone such first and second steps or a processed product thereof may be contacted with at least NAM. be.
- Nampt nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
- the total number of moles of ATP, ADP and AMP added to the reaction system for the production of NMN is reduced to 0.5 of the number of moles of NMN produced. It may be the equivalent or less.
- ATP is not essential for the reaction itself catalyzed by Nampt.
- Nampt has ATP hydrolysis activity, and the hydrolysis of ATP leads to autophosphorylation of Nampt, which changes the enzymatic parameters and chemical equilibrium in favor of NMN production. Therefore, when a sufficient amount of ATP is present in the third reaction system, substantially 1 mol or more of ATP is used per 1 mol of PRPP as NMN is produced from PRPP. .
- a total of 2 mol or more of ATP is generated per 1 mol of NMN produced in the first reaction, the second reaction and the reaction using ribose as a raw material.
- a total of 3 mol or more of ATP is used per 1 mol of NMN produced.
- the total number of moles of ATP, ADP, and AMP added to the reaction system for producing NMN should be 0.5 equivalent or less of the number of moles of NMN produced. preferable.
- the means shown below are used singly or in combination to make the total number of moles of ATP, ADP and AMP equal to or less than 0.5 equivalents of the number of moles of NMN to be produced.
- Conjugation of ATP regeneration system A system capable of regenerating by-produced ADP or AMP to ATP is coupled with an NMN generation reaction system including at least the second reaction and the third reaction for NMN production. can reduce the total number of moles of ATP, ADP and AMP added to the reaction system.
- the ATP regeneration system may be any system as long as it can regenerate ATP from AMP and ADP.
- the NMN production reaction in which the ATP regeneration system using polyphosphoric acid and Ppk is coupled can be carried out as described in the third step in the first invention group.
- Nampt derived from bacteria By using Nampt derived from bacteria as the enzyme Nampt that catalyzes the third reaction, the production of NMN proceeds efficiently, and as a result, it is added to the reaction system for NMN production. The total number of moles of ATP, ADP and AMP can be reduced. As Nampt derived from bacteria, those described in the first step in the first invention group can be used.
- a host in which is disrupted or deleted can be used.
- a host in which any one or more of the genes described in the first step in the first invention group are disrupted or deleted can be used.
- a host with the gene disruption or deletion described in 6.4 can be used.
- NMN can be efficiently produced by adding an appropriate amount of ATP to the reaction system.
- the number of moles of ATP added to the reaction system is preferably 1 equivalent or less, more preferably 0.5 equivalent or less, even more preferably 0.1 equivalent or less of the number of moles of NMN to be produced.
- Nampt from Haemophilus ducreyi (AAR87771)
- Prs Bacillus subtilis-derived Leu135Ile mutant (BsPrsL135I)
- Ppk from Deinococcus radiodurans (NP_293858)
- Rbk from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P25332)
- PPase derived from Escherichia coli (NP_418647)
- the mutation-introducing PCR reaction was performed under the reaction solution composition shown in Table 3 and the reaction conditions shown in Table 4.
- the PCR product was purified using the QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen) according to the attached protocol.
- E. coli JM109 (Takara Bio) was transformed with a reaction mixture obtained by digesting the generated PCR product with DpnI (New England Biolabs). After collecting the colonies that appeared, plasmid extraction was performed, and the base sequence was confirmed using primers T7-PP (SEQ ID NO: 35) and T7-TP (SEQ ID NO: 36). Each plasmid into which the library was correctly introduced was used as each Nampt library plasmid described in Table 2.
- E. coli BN8 strain competent cells (WO2019/065876) were thawed on ice, and each plasmid DNA solution prepared in (1) was mixed. and left on ice for 10 minutes. After a heat shock was applied at 42°C for 20 seconds, the plate was ice-cooled again and SOC medium was added. After culturing with shaking at 37°C for 1 hour, the mixture was plated on an LB agar medium (containing 50 mg/L of kanamycin sulfate) and statically cultured overnight at 37°C. The resulting colonies were used as recombinants with enhanced expression of each enzyme.
- a single colony was transferred to a 96-well deep well plate containing 200 uL of LB medium (containing 50 mg/L of kanamycin sulfate), and cultured overnight at 37°C with shaking.
- 70 uL of preculture was used to inoculate 630 uL of main culture (LB medium, containing 50 mg/L kanamycin sulfate and IPTG 0.5 mM final concentration), 16°C, 1250 rpm, 24 hours or 25°C, 1250 rpm, 18 hours. cultured.
- the cultured E. coli was collected by centrifugation (5000 rpm, 4°C, 15 minutes) and the supernatant was removed.
- the recovered pellet was suspended in 200 uL of lysis buffer (100 mM Kpi pH8.5, 1 mg/ml Lysozyme, 0.5 mg/ml Polymyxin B, 0.05 mg/ml DNase) and shaken at room temperature at 900 rpm for 20 minutes. Insoluble matter was removed by centrifugation (4900 rpm, 10 min, 4° C.), and the supernatant was used as a cell-free extract for the reaction.
- lysis buffer 100 mM Kpi pH8.5, 1 mg/ml Lysozyme, 0.5 mg/ml Polymyxin B, 0.05 mg/ml DNase
- the resulting colonies were used as recombinants with enhanced expression of each enzyme.
- a single colony was transferred to a culture tube containing 2 mL of LB medium (containing 50 mg/L of kanamycin sulfate) and cultured with shaking overnight at 37°C.
- 100 mL of main culture LB medium containing 50 mg/L of kanamycin sulfate
- OD600 reached 0.8
- IPTG was added to a final concentration of 0.5 mM and cultured at 25°C, 1250 rpm for 18 hours.
- the cultured E E.
- coli was collected by centrifugation (8000 rpm, 4°C, 15 minutes) and the supernatant was removed.
- the recovered pellet was suspended in 10 mL of lysis buffer (100 mM Kpi pH8.5, 1 mg/ml Lysozyme, 0.5 mg/ml Polymyxin B, 0.05 mg/ml DNase) and shaken at room temperature at 900 rpm for 20 minutes.
- Insoluble matter was removed by centrifugation (8000 rpm, 10 min, 4° C.), and the supernatant was used as a cell-free extract for the reaction.
- NMN Synthesis Reaction Using the cell-free extracts prepared in (2) and (3), NMN synthesis reaction was carried out. The volume of the reaction solution was 100 ⁇ L, each reaction solution was prepared with the composition shown below, and allowed to stand at 37°C for reaction.
- the NMN conversion rate (%) was calculated from the ratio of NAM and NMN, and for those whose NMN conversion rate was higher than that of the wild type, the base sequence at the mutation site was determined.
- Nampt is the rate-limiting enzyme, and its raw material cost is high, which has been a problem. Since the improved Nampt of the present invention is more active than the wild type as described above, it is possible to reduce the amount used. This will reduce Nampt raw material costs by 30 to 40%.
- Example 2 ⁇ Combination of excellent Nampt mutations> Combinations of the elite mutations of Example 1 were performed.
- Example 3 ⁇ Introduction of excellent mutations into Nampt derived from other species>
- the following enzymes were used as predetermined enzymes.
- Nampt derived from Meiothermus ruber (A0A0S7ALY5)
- Nampt derived from Sphingopyxis sp. C-1 (A0A0M9TZ33)
- Each resulting plasmid was named the "expression plasmid" for each enzyme.
- mutations were introduced into the designated amino acid residues.
- Table 8 shows the name of the mutation-introducing primer, the sequence number indicating the nucleotide sequence thereof, and the name of the Nampt mutant.
- the present invention is useful in industrial production of nicotinamide mononucleotide.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 motif sequence SEQ ID NO: 2: motif sequence SEQ ID NO: 25: primer (Nampt_S247X-F) SEQ ID NO: 26: Primer (Nampt_S247X-R) SEQ ID NO: 27: Primer (Nampt_E248X-F) SEQ ID NO: 28: Primer (Nampt_E248X-R) SEQ ID NO: 29: Primer (Nampt_S253X-F) SEQ ID NO: 30: Primer (Nampt_S253X-R) SEQ ID NO: 31: Primer (Nampt_V278X-F) SEQ ID NO: 32: Primer (Nampt_V278X-R) SEQ ID NO: 33: Primer (Nampt_T281X-F) SEQ ID NO: 34: Primer (Nampt_T281X-R) SEQ ID NO: 35: Primer (T7-PP) SEQ ID NO: 36: Primer (T7-
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Abstract
Description
本明細書は、本願の優先権の基礎である特願2021-52555(2021年3月26日出願)の明細書に記載された内容を包含する。
技術分野:
本発明は、改変型(変異型)ニコチンアミドホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ、及びそれを用いたニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドの製造方法に関する。
[1] 改変型ニコチンアミド・ホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ(Nampt)であって、下記配列番号1に示されるアミノ酸配列及び/又は下記配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列を含み、
野生型Namptよりも活性が向上している、改変型Nampt。
(a)配列番号1: S-[V/I]-P-A-X1-X2-H-S-[T/V/I]-[M/V/I]-X3
(b)配列番号2: X4-[S/I]-D-X5
但し、X1~X5の少なくとも1つは野生型のアミノ酸とは異なり、 X2はA及びQ以外のアミノ酸であり、X3はM以外のアミノ酸を表す。また、[ ]は[ ]内のアミノ酸のいずれか一つを表す。
[2] 下記配列番号1に示されるアミノ酸配列及び/又は下記配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列を含む、改変型Nampt:
野生型Namptよりも活性が向上している、改変型Nampt。
(a)配列番号1: S-[V/I]-P-A-X1-X2-H-S-[T/V/I]-[M/V/I]-X3
(b)配列番号2: X4-[S/I]-D-X5
但し、X1~X5の少なくとも1つは野生型のアミノ酸とは異なり、X1は中性アミノ酸及び脂肪族アミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸、X2は脂肪族アミノ酸、酸性アミノ酸及び中性の親水性アミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸、X3は非極性アミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸、X4は脂肪族アミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸、X5は芳香族アミノ酸以外のアミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸を表す。また、[ ]は[ ]内のアミノ酸のいずれか一つを表す。
[3] 改変型ニコチンアミド・ホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ(Nampt)であって、下記配列番号1に示されるアミノ酸配列及び/又は下記配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列を含み、
野生型Namptよりも活性が向上している、改変型Nampt。
(a)配列番号1: S-[V/I]-P-A-X1-X2-H-S-[T/V/I]-[M/V/I]-X3
(b)配列番号2: X4-[S/I]-D-X5
但し、X1、X4、X5の少なくとも1つは野生型のアミノ酸とは異なり、X1は中性アミノ酸及び脂肪族アミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸、X4は脂肪族アミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸、X5は芳香族アミノ酸以外のアミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸を表す。X2及びX3はいずれのアミノ酸でも良い。また、[ ]は[ ]内のアミノ酸のいずれか一つを表す。
[4] 改変型Namptのアミノ酸配列を、配列番号3で示されるアミノ酸配列とアライメントしたときに、
前記配列番号1で示されるアミノ酸配列が、配列番号3の243番目~253番目に該当する位置に存在し、
前記配列番号2で示されるアミノ酸配列が、配列番号3の278番目~281番目に該当する位置に存在する、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の改変型Nampt。
[5] 以下の1)~5)から選ばれる1又は2以上の置換を有する、[1]
~[4]のいずれかに記載の改変型Nampt。
1)X1における野生型アミノ酸のTへの置換
2)X2における野生型アミノ酸のGへの置換
3)X3における野生型アミノ酸のG又はAへの置換
4)X4における野生型アミノ酸のAへの置換
5)X5における野生型アミノ酸のS、A、N、又はIへの置換
[6] 前記改変型Namptの野生型配列が、以下の(1)又は(2)のアミノ酸配列を有する、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の改変型Nampt。
(1)配列番号3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19、21、及び23のいずれかに示されるアミノ酸配列
(2)配列番号3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19、21、及び23のいずれかに示されるアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有し、Nampt活性を有するタンパクをコードするアミノ酸配列
[7] 前記改変型Namptが、Haemophilus属、Meiothermus属、Xanthomonas属、Sphingopyxis属、Sphingopyxis属、Chitinophaga属、Burkholderia属、Pedobacter属、Microbulbifer属、Labrenzia属、Luteibacter属由来である、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の改変型Nampt。
[8] [1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の改変型Namptの存在下で、ホスホリボシルピロホスファート及びニコチンアミドを接触させることにより、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドを製造する方法。
[9] ホスホリボシルピロホスファートがホスホリボシルピロリン酸シンターゼの存在下にリボース-5-リン酸から製造されたものである、[8]に記載の方法。
[10] リボース-5-リン酸がリボキナーゼの存在下にリボースから製造されたものである、[9]に記載の方法。
[11] [1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の改変型ニコチンアミド・ホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ(Nampt)をコードするDNA。
[12] [11]に記載のDNAを含む組換えベクター。
[13] [12]に記載の組換えベクターを含む形質転換体;
[14] [13]に記載の形質転換体を培養し、得られる培養物からニコチンアミド・ホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ(Nampt)を採取する、Namptの製造方法。
[15] [1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の改変型Nampt又は[9]に記載の形質転換体を培養して得られる培養物若しくは当該培養物の処理物の存在下で、ホスホリボシルピロホスファート及びニコチンアミドを接触させることを特徴とする、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドを製造する方法。
Nampt(Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase):ニコチンアミドホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ
Prs(Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase):ホスホリボシルピロリン酸シンターゼ
Rbk(Ribokinase):リボキナーゼ
Ppk(Polyphosphate kinase):ポリリン酸キナーゼ
PPase(Pyrophosphatase):ピロホスファターゼ
NMN(Nicotinamide mononucleotide):ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチド
PRPP(Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate):ホスホリボシルピロリン酸
NAM(Nicotinamide):ニコチンアミド
R5P(Ribose-5-phosphate):リボース-5-リン酸
NR(Nicotinamide riboside):ニコチンアミドリボシド
NaMN(Nicotinic acid mononucleotide):ニコチン酸モノヌクレオチド
NAD(Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide):ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド
PPi(Pyrophosphate):ピロリン酸
PolyP(Polyphosphate):ポリリン酸
1.1 野生型Nampt
Nampt(EC number: 2.4.2.12)は、一般的にNAD(ニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド)サルベージ経路に関与することが知られており、本発明において、PRPPおよびNAMからNMNを生成させる反応(第3反応)のために利用される酵素である。NamptによるPRPPとNAMからのNMN合成反応において、本来、ATPは必須ではない。しかし、NamptにはATP加水分解活性があり、ATPの加水分解によってNamptが自己リン酸化されることで、NMN生成に有利な方向に酵素学的パラメータや化学平衡が変化することが報告されている(Biochemistry 2008, 47, 11086-11096)。
本発明の改変型Namptは、少なくとも1つのアミノ酸残基の変異を含み、その活性が、野生型の活性よりも向上していることを特徴とする、新規な改変型Namptである。
(a)配列番号1: S-[V/I]-P-A-X1-X2-H-S-[T/V/I]-[M/V/I]-X3
(b)配列番号2: X4-[S/I]-D-X5
但し、X1~X5の少なくとも1つは野生型のアミノ酸とは異なり、[ ]は[ ]内のアミノ酸のいずれか一つを表す。
(a)前記配列番号1で示されるアミノ酸配列は、配列番号3の243番目~253番目に該当する位置に存在し、
(b)前記配列番号2で示されるアミノ酸配列は、配列番号3の278番目~281番目に該当する位置に存在する。
1)X1:野生型アミノ酸のT又はVへの置換、より好ましくはTへの置換
2)X2:野生型アミノ酸のA又はGへの置換、より好ましくはGへの置換
3)X3:野生型アミノ酸のV、G又はAへの置換、より好ましくはG又はAへの置換
4)X4:野生型アミノ酸のA又はLへの置換、より好ましくはAへの置換
5)X5:野生型アミノ酸のG、S、A、N、又はIへの置換、より好ましくは野生型アミノ酸のS、A、N、又はIへの置換
2置換:X1とX2、X1とX3、X1とX4、X1とX5、X2とX3、X2とX4、X2とX5、X3とX4、X3とX5、X4とX5
3置換:X1とX2とX3、X1とX2とX4、X1とX2とX5、X1とX3とX4、X1とX3とX5、X1とX4とX5、X2とX3とX4、X2とX3とX5、X2とX4とX5、X3とX4とX5
4置換:X1とX2とX3とX4、X1とX2とX3とX5、X1とX2とX4とX5、X1とX3とX4とX5、X2とX3とX4とX5
5置換:X1とX2とX3とX4とX5
1)配列番号3の247番目に該当する位置(X1)における野生型アミノ酸のT又はVへの置換、より好ましくはTへの置換
2)配列番号3の248番目に該当する位置(X2)における野生型アミノ酸のA又はGへの置換、より好ましくはGへの置換
3)配列番号3の253番目に該当する位置(X3)における野生型アミノ酸のV、G又はAへの置換、より好ましくはG又はAへの置換
4)配列番号3の278番目に該当する位置(X4)における野生型アミノ酸のA又はLへの置換、より好ましくはAへの置換
5)配列番号3の281番目に該当する位置(X5)における野生型アミノ酸のG、S、A、N、又はIへの置換、より好ましくはS、A、N、又はIへの置換
本発明は、本発明の改変型Namptをコードする遺伝子(DNA)も提供する。
本発明の「改変型NamptをコードするDNA」には、上記改変型NamptをコードするDNAと相補的な塩基配列を有するDNAとストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズし、野生型よりも高いNampt活性を有するタンパク質をコードするDNAも含まれる。
本発明は、本発明の改変型Namptをコードする遺伝子(DNA)を含む発現ベクターも提供する。前述のとおり、酵素法によるNMNの合成には複数の酵素が関与する。本発明の発現ベクターは、改変型Namptをコードする遺伝子に加えて、NMN生産経路で作用する他の酵素をコードする遺伝子(DNA)を含むものであってもよい。例えば、Namptに加えて、後述するPrsおよびPpkをコードする遺伝子を全て含んでいてもよいし、NamptとPrsをコードする遺伝子を含む発現ベクター、あるいはNamptとPpkをコードする遺伝子を含む発現ベクターであってもよい。
本発明は、本発明の改変型Namptをコードする遺伝子(DNA)あるいは前記発現ベクターを含む形質転換体も提供する。本発明の形質転換体は、前項に記載したように、改変型NamptをコードするDNAに加えて、NMN生産経路で作用する他の酵素をコードするDNAを含むものであってもよい。
(a)EC 3.1.3.5
(b)EC 3.5.1.19
(c)EC 2.4.2.1
(d)EC 3.5.1.42
(e)EC 1.17.2.1
(f)EC 1.17.1.5
(g)EC 3.2.2.1
(h)EC 3.2.2.3
(i)EC 3.2.2.14
改変型Namptは、上記形質転換体を培養し、得られる培養物からNampt活性を有するタンパク質を採取することにより製造することができる。本発明はそのような改変型Namptの製造方法も提供する。
6.1 改変型NamptによるNMNの製造
本発明の改変型Namptは、酵素触媒として物質生産に利用することができる。例えば、改変型Namptの存在下で、ホスホリボシルピロホスファート(PRPP)及びニコチンアミド(NAM)を接触させ、生成するニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチド(NMN)を採取することにより、NMN化合物を製造することができる。
本発明のNMNの製造方法は、例えば、WO2020/129997に記載された方法にしたがって実施してもよい。すなわち、Nampt、PrsおよびPpkの3酵素の発現が強化された形質転換体、前記3酵素を発現させた無細胞タンパク質合成反応液、またはそれらの処理物を、R5P、NAM、ATP、およびポリリン酸と接触させる工程を含む。好ましくは、本発明のNMNの製造方法は、前記R5Pの製造工程として、RbkおよびPpkの2酵素の発現が強化された形質転換体、前記2酵素を発現させた無細胞タンパク質合成反応液、またはそれらの処理物を、リボース、ATP、およびポリリン酸を含む混合物と接触させる工程をさらに含む。つまり、本発明では、ATP再生反応を利用しながら、所定の酵素反応を進行させることによりNMNを製造する。
(1)Nampt、Prs、RbkおよびPpkの各酵素をコードする遺伝子を含む形質転換体を作製して培養し、または当該各酵素をコードする遺伝子を含む無細胞タンパク質合成反応液でタンパク質合成反応を行い、当該各酵素を発現させる工程(第1工程);
(2)必要に応じ、第1工程を経た形質転換体または無細胞タンパク質合成反応液から、処理物を調製する工程(第2工程);および
(3)第1、第2工程を経た形質転換体、無細胞タンパク質合成反応液、またはそれらの処理物を、各基質化合物と接触させる工程(第3工程)。
第1工程は、Nampt、Prs、RbkおよびPpkの各酵素をコードする遺伝子を含む形質転換体を作製して培養し、または当該各酵素をコードする遺伝子を含む無細胞タンパク質合成反応液でタンパク質合成反応を行い、当該各酵素を発現させる工程である。
第2工程は、必要に応じ、第1工程を経た形質転換体または無細胞タンパク質合成反応液から処理物を調製する工程である。形質転換体の処理物としては、形質転換体から調製した休止菌体、膜透過性向上菌体、不活化菌体、破砕菌体等が挙げられる。また、破砕菌体から調製した無細胞抽出物および精製酵素も本発明の処理物に含まれる。無細胞タンパク質合成反応液の処理物としては、無細胞タンパク質合成反応液から調製した精製酵素が挙げられる。さらには、形質転換体、無細胞タンパク質合成反応液およびこれら処理物に対して安定化処理を行った安定化処理物も、本発明の処理物に含まれる。
第3工程は、第1工程を経た形質転換体または無細胞タンパク質合成反応液、または必要に応じてさらに第2工程を経たそれらの処理物を、酵素反応の各種原料となる基質と接触させる工程である。この工程においては、Prsによる第2反応とNamptによる第3反応がPpkによるATP再生反応と共役して行われる。Prsによる第2反応では、ATPをリン酸源として基質がリン酸化されるため、また、Namptによる第3反応では、Nampt自身が有するATP加水分解活性により自己リン酸化されるため、ATPが消費される。従って、両反応をATP再生反応と共役して行うことで、消費されたATPを補いながら効率的に反応を進行させることができる。また、Prsによる第2反応の生成物であるホスホリボシルピロリン酸(PRPP)は比較的不安定な化合物であるため、第2反応と第3反応を同一系内で行うことで、PRPP生成後、速やかにNamptによる第3反応を行うことができる。本発明においては、ATP再生反応によりADPおよび/またはAMPからATPが再生されるので、ATPは枯渇することはないが、反応中に維持したいATP濃度に応じて、適度な量のATPを反応溶媒中に添加することが必要となる。この際、必要に応じて、ATPの代わりに、ADPまたはAMPを反応溶媒中に添加してもよい。添加したADPやAMPは、ATP再生系によって系内ですぐにATPに再生されるため、実質的に、適度な量のATPを添加したのと同じ状態になるためである。また、これらを任意の割合で含有する混合物を添加してもよい。
(1)ATP再生系の共役
(2)PPaseの共存
(3)バクテリア由来Namptの利用
(4)不要遺伝子を破壊または欠失させた宿主の利用
(5)適切な基質濃度
本発明のNMNの製造方法は、PPaseの存在下で、Namptの発現が強化された形質転換体、前記酵素を発現させた無細胞タンパク質合成反応液、またはそれらの処理物を、NAMおよびPRPPと接触させる工程を含むものであってもよい。
本発明のNMNの製造方法は、(d)EC 3.5.1.42に示されるEC番号に分類される酵素をコードする遺伝子と、以下の(a)(c)(g)(h)(i)に示されるいずれか一つ以上のEC番号に分類される酵素をコードする遺伝子とが破壊または欠失され、かつ、ニコチンアミドホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ(Nampt)の発現が強化されている形質転換体またはそれらの処理物を、少なくともニコチンアミド(NAM)と接触させる工程を含むものであってもよい。
(a)EC 3.1.3.5
(c)EC 2.4.2.1
(g)EC 3.2.2.1
(h)EC 3.2.2.3
(i)EC 3.2.2.14
本発明のNMNの製造方法は、NMNの製造のために反応系に添加するATP、ADPおよびAMP各モル数の総和を、生成するNMNのモル数の0.5当量以下にするものであってもよい。
(1)ATP再生系の共役
副生したADPまたはAMPをATPに再生することができる系を、少なくとも、第2反応および第3反応を含むNMN生成反応系と共役させることで、NMN製造のために反応系に添加するATP、ADPおよびAMP各モル数の総和を削減することができる。ATP再生系としては、AMPおよびADPからATPを再生できる系であればいかなる系でもよく、例えば、ポリリン酸をリン酸源としてPpkを用いる系、ホスホエノールピルビン酸をリン酸源としてピルビン酸キナーゼを用いる系、クレアチンリン酸をリン酸源としてクレアチンリン酸キナーゼを用いる系等が挙げられるが、リン酸源のコストの観点からは、ポリリン酸をリン酸源としてPpkを用いる系が好ましい。ポリリン酸とPpkを用いたATP再生系を共役させたNMN生成反応は、具体的には、第一の発明群における第3工程に記載されたように実施することができる。
NMN生成反応系にPPaseを共存させることにより、副生物であるピロリン酸がリン酸に分解され、NMN生成方向の反応が促進されることで、結果として、NMN製造のために反応系に添加するATP、ADPおよびAMP各モル数の総和を削減することができる。PPaseを共存させたNMN生成反応は、具体的には、第二の発明群に記載されたように実施することができる。
第3反応を触媒する酵素Namptとして、バクテリア由来のNamptを用いることにより、NMNの生成が効率的に進行し、結果として、NMN製造のために反応系に添加するATP、ADPおよびAMP各モル数の総和を削減することができる。バクテリア由来のNamptとしては、第一の発明群における第1工程に記載されたものを利用することができる。
形質転換体、形質転換体から調製した休止菌体、膜透過性向上菌体、不活化菌体、破砕菌体、破砕菌体から調製した無細胞抽出物およびこれらに対して安定化処理を行った安定化処理物を用いてNMNの生成反応を行う場合、反応物(基質)や生成物の分解、あるいは副反応の原因となる遺伝子を破壊または欠失させた宿主を用いることができる。具体的には、第一の発明群における第1工程に記載された遺伝子のいずれか一つ以上を、破壊または欠失させた宿主を用いることができる。好ましくは、6.4に記載された遺伝子破壊または欠失させた宿主を用いることができる。
化学平衡や酵素の基質親和性の観点から、反応系内のリボースやNAM濃度を高めることによって、NMN生成速度や生成量の向上が期待でき、結果として、NMN製造のために反応系に添加するATP、ADPおよびAMP各モル数の総和を削減することができる。一方、ATPも、反応系内の濃度を高めることによって、同様の効果は期待できるが、必要以上にATPを添加しても、それに見合ったNMN生成量の増加がなければ、NMNを1モル生成させるために用いるATPのモル数は増加してしまう。すなわち、適切な量のATPを反応系に添加することで、効率的にNMNを製造することができる。反応系に添加するATPのモル数は、生成するNMNのモル数の1当量以下が好ましく、0.5当量以下がより好ましく、0.1当量以下がさらに好ましい。
本実施例では、所定の各酵素としてWO2019/065876に記載されている下記のものを用いた。
Nampt:Haemophilus ducreyi由来(AAR87771)
Prs:Bacillus subtilis由来Leu135Ile変異体(BsPrsL135I)
Ppk:Deinococcus radiodurans由来(NP_293858)
Rbk:Saccharomyces cerevisiae由来(P25332)
PPase:Escherichia coli由来 (NP_418647)
表1に記載したpEHdNampt(WO2019/065876、配列番号3)を鋳型として、指定したアミノ酸残基に対応する塩基配列にランダム変異を導入した。変異導入用プライマー名およびその塩基配列を示す配列番号、Nampt変異体名を表2に示す。
大腸菌(E. coli)BN8株のコンピテントセル(WO2019/065876)を氷上で融解し、(1)で作製した各プラスミドDNA溶液を混合して氷上で10分間静置した。42℃で20秒間ヒートショックを加えた後、再度氷冷し、SOC培地を添加した。37℃で1時間振とう培養を行った後、LB寒天培地(カナマイシン硫酸塩50mg/L含有)に塗布し、37℃で一晩静置培養を行った。得られたコロニーを各酵素の発現が強化された組換え体とした。シングルコロニーをLB培地(カナマイシン硫酸塩50mg/L含有)が200uL入った96ウェルのディープウェルプレートにとり、37℃で一晩振盪培養を行った。70uLの前培養を用いて630uLの本培養(LB培地、カナマイシン硫酸塩50mg/L及びIPTG0.5mM終濃度を含有)を植菌し、16℃、1250rpm、24時間若しくは25℃、1250rpm、18時間培養した。培養した大腸菌を遠心(5000rpm、 4℃、15分)により集菌し、上清を除いた。回収したペレットを200uLの溶解バッファー (100 mM Kpi pH8.5, 1mg/ml Lysozyme, 0.5mg/ml Polymyxin B, 0.05mg/ml DNase)に懸濁し、室温、900rpmで20分間振盪した。遠心(4900rpm, 10min, 4℃)により不溶物を除き、上清を無細胞抽出液として反応に用いた。
(2)と同様に各プラスミドpEBsPrs、pEScRbk、pESDrPpk(WO2019/065876)を大腸菌(E. coli)BN8株のコンピテントセルに加え、氷上で10分間静置した。42℃で20秒間ヒートショックを加えた後、再度氷冷し、SOC培地を添加した。37℃で1時間振とう培養を行った後、LB寒天培地(カナマイシン硫酸塩50mg/L含有)に塗布し、37℃で一晩静置培養を行った。得られたコロニーを各酵素の発現が強化された組換え体とした。シングルコロニーをLB培地(カナマイシン硫酸塩50mg/L含有)が2mL入った培養チューブにとり、37℃で一晩振盪培養を行った。1mLの前培養を用いて100mLの本培養(LB培地、カナマイシン硫酸塩50mg/L含有)を植菌し、37℃で振盪培養した。OD600が0.8に達した時点で、終濃度が0.5mMになるようIPTGを加え、25℃、1250rpm、18時間培養した。培養した大腸菌を遠心(8000rpm、 4℃、15分)により集菌し、上清を除いた。回収したペレットを10mLの溶解バッファー (100 mM Kpi pH8.5, 1mg/ml Lysozyme, 0.5mg/ml Polymyxin B, 0.05mg/ml DNase)に懸濁し、室温、900rpmで20分間振盪した。遠心(8000rpm, 10min, 4℃)により不溶物を除き、上清を無細胞抽出液として反応に用いた。
(2)、(3)で調製した無細胞抽出物を用いてNMN合成反応を行った。反応液量を100μLとし、以下に示す組成で各反応液を調製し、37℃で静置反応を行った。
NMN合成反応サンプルの分析は、HPLCにより以下の条件で行った。
カラム: Shodex Asahipak NH2P-50 4B
ガードカラム: Shodex Asahipak NH2P-50G 4A
移動相: 25mM ギ酸アンモニウム 水溶液
流速: 1ml/min (3.2-3.3 Mpa)
検出: UV261nm
カラム温度:40℃
野生型のNMN変換率を100%とした場合の各変異体の活性相対比を表6に示す。
実施例1の優良変異の組合せを行った。
表1に記載したpEHdNamptを鋳型として、指定したアミノ酸残基に対応する塩基配列に縮退コドンを用いてランダム変異を導入した。変異導入用プライマー名およびその塩基配列を示す配列番号、Nampt変異体名を表7に示す。
野生型のNMN変換率を100%とした場合の各変異体の活性相対比を表8に示す。
本実施例では、所定の各酵素として下記のものを用いた。
Nampt:Meiothermus ruber由来(A0A0S7ALY5) Nampt:Sphingopyxis sp. C-1由来(A0A0M9TZ33)
各酵素の発現プラスミドを以下のように作製した。表1の「由来」に記載された生物種由来の各酵素について、同表中の「アミノ酸配列」に記載された各配列番号で示されるアミノ酸配列から成る各酵素タンパク質をコ一ドするDNA(表1の「塩基配列」に記載された各配列番号で示される塩基配列から成る)を合成し、それぞれ発現べクタ一pET-26b(+)(Novagen)のNdeI-XhoIサイ卜にクロ一ニングした(遺伝子合成はジェンスクリプトジャパンで実施、大腸菌発現用にコドンを最適化)。得られた各プラスミドを、各酵素の「発現プラスミド」と命名した。前述プラスミドを鋳型として、指定したアミノ酸残基に変異を導入した。変異導入用プライマー名およびその塩基配列を示す配列番号、Nampt変異体名を表8に示す。
配列番号2:モチーフ配列
配列番号25:プライマー(Nampt_S247X-F)
配列番号26:プライマー(Nampt_S247X-R)
配列番号27:プライマー(Nampt_E248X-F)
配列番号28:プライマー(Nampt_E248X-R)
配列番号29:プライマー(Nampt_S253X-F)
配列番号30:プライマー(Nampt_S253X-R)
配列番号31:プライマー(Nampt_V278X-F)
配列番号32:プライマー(Nampt_V278X-R)
配列番号33:プライマー(Nampt_T281X-F)
配列番号34:プライマー(Nampt_T281X-R)
配列番号35:プライマー(T7-PP)
配列番号36:プライマー(T7-TP)
配列番号37:プライマー(Nampt_S247Z-F)
配列番号38:プライマー(Nampt_S247Z-R)
配列番号39:プライマー(Nampt_S253U-F)
配列番号40:プライマー(Nampt_S253U-R)
配列番号41:プライマー(Nampt_V278J_T281B-F)
配列番号42:プライマー(Nampt_V278J_T281B-R)
配列番号43:プライマー(MrNampt_M230T-F)
配列番号44:プライマー(MrNampt_M230T-R)
配列番号45:プライマー(MrNampt_E231G-F)
配列番号46:プライマー(MrNampt_E231G-R)
配列番号47:プライマー(MrNampt_V264A-F)
配列番号48:プライマー(MrNampt_V264A-R)
配列番号49:プライマー(SpNampt_E227G-F)
配列番号50:プライマー(SpNampt_E227G-R)
Claims (10)
- 改変型ニコチンアミド・ホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ(Nampt)であって、下記配列番号1に示されるアミノ酸配列及び/又は下記配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列を含み、
野生型Namptよりも活性が向上している、改変型Nampt。
(a)配列番号1: S-[V/I]-P-A-X1-X2-H-S-[T/V/I]-[M/V/I]-X3
(b)配列番号2: X4-[S/I]-D-X5
但し、X1~X5の少なくとも1つは野生型のアミノ酸とは異なり、X2はA及びQ以外のアミノ酸であり、X3はM以外のアミノ酸を表す。また、[ ]は[ ]内のアミノ酸のいずれか一つを表す。 - 下記配列番号1に示されるアミノ酸配列及び/又は下記配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列を含む、改変型Nampt:
野生型Namptよりも活性が向上している、改変型Nampt。
(a)配列番号1: S-[V/I]-P-A-X1-X2-H-S-[T/V/I]-[M/V/I]-X3
(b)配列番号2: X4-[S/I]-D-X5
但し、X1~X5の少なくとも1つは野生型のアミノ酸とは異なり、X1は中性アミノ酸及び脂肪族アミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸、X2は脂肪族アミノ酸、酸性アミノ酸及び中性の親水性アミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸、X3は非極性アミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸、X4は脂肪族アミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸、X5は芳香族アミノ酸以外のアミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸を表す。また、[ ]は[ ]内のアミノ酸のいずれか一つを表す。 - 改変型ニコチンアミド・ホスホリボシルトランスフェラーゼ(Nampt)であって、下記配列番号1に示されるアミノ酸配列及び/又は下記配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列を含み、
野生型Namptよりも活性が向上している、改変型Nampt。
(a)配列番号1: S-[V/I]-P-A-X1-X2-H-S-[T/V/I]-[M/V/I]-X3
(b)配列番号2: X4-[S/I]-D-X5
但し、X1、X4、X5の少なくとも1つは野生型のアミノ酸とは異なり、X1は中性アミノ酸及び脂肪族アミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸、X4は脂肪族アミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸、X5は芳香族アミノ酸以外のアミノ酸から選ばれるいずれかのアミノ酸を表す。X2及びX3はいずれのアミノ酸でも良い。また、[ ]は[ ]内のアミノ酸のいずれか一つを表す。 - 改変型Namptのアミノ酸配列を、配列番号3で示されるアミノ酸配列とアライメントしたときに、
前記配列番号1で示されるアミノ酸配列が、配列番号3の243番目~253番目に該当する位置に存在し、
前記配列番号2で示されるアミノ酸配列が、配列番号3の278番目~281番目に該当する位置に存在する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の改変型Nampt。 - 以下の1)~5)から選ばれる1又は2以上の置換を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の改変型Nampt。
1)X1における野生型アミノ酸のTへの置換
2)X2における野生型アミノ酸のGへの置換
3)X3における野生型アミノ酸のG又はAへの置換
4)X4における野生型アミノ酸のAへの置換
5)X5における野生型アミノ酸のS、A、N、又はIへの置換 - 前記改変型Namptの野生型配列が、以下の(1)又は(2)のアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の改変型Nampt。
(1)配列番号3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19、21、及び23のいずれかに示されるアミノ酸配列
(2)配列番号3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19、21、及び23のいずれかに示されるアミノ酸配列と90%以上の同一性を有し、Nampt活性を有するタンパクをコードするアミノ酸配列 - 前記改変型Namptが、 Haemophilus属、Meiothermus属、Xanthomonas属、Sphingopyxis属、Sphingopyxis属、Chitinophaga属、Burkholderia属、Pedobacter属、Microbulbifer属、Labrenzia属、Luteibacter属由来である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の改変型Nampt。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の改変型Namptの存在下で、ホスホリボシルピロホスファート及びニコチンアミドを接触させることにより、ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチドを製造する方法。
- ホスホリボシルピロホスファートがホスホリボシルピロリン酸シンターゼの存在下にリボース-5-リン酸から製造されたものである、請求項8に記載の方法。
- リボース-5-リン酸がリボキナーゼの存在下にリボースから製造されたものである、請求項9記載の方法。
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