WO2022202515A1 - 繊維強化樹脂、多孔質構造体、成形部材 - Google Patents
繊維強化樹脂、多孔質構造体、成形部材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022202515A1 WO2022202515A1 PCT/JP2022/011799 JP2022011799W WO2022202515A1 WO 2022202515 A1 WO2022202515 A1 WO 2022202515A1 JP 2022011799 W JP2022011799 W JP 2022011799W WO 2022202515 A1 WO2022202515 A1 WO 2022202515A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
- C08J5/042—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
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- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
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- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/243—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0085—Use of fibrous compounding ingredients
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- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/10—Rigid foams
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
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- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08J2325/06—Polystyrene
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- C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fiber-reinforced resin containing a reinforcing fiber base material and a thermoplastic resin, a porous structure, and a molded member.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an invention of a structure composed of resin, reinforcing fibers, and voids. Because the reinforcing fibers are discontinuous, substantially monofilament-like, and randomly dispersed, the voids formed by the elastic force of the reinforcing fibers are dense, and both excellent light weight and excellent mechanical properties can be achieved. It is
- Patent Document 2 discloses an invention of a polypropylene resin extruded foam containing a fibrous filler.
- the fibrous filler is oriented not only in the extrusion direction but also in the thickness direction due to the existence of the foamed cells, so it is believed that excellent mechanical properties can be exhibited in the thickness direction.
- a polypropylene resin having excellent viscoelastic properties dense closed cells can be formed, and it is said that both excellent lightness and excellent mechanical properties can be achieved.
- the extruded foam in Patent Document 2 had a large percentage of fibers with short fiber lengths due to breakage of the reinforcing fibers, and the reinforcing effect was insufficient.
- the kneaded fiber-reinforced resin is foamed with a foaming material, it is difficult to obtain a structure in which the reinforcing fibers intersect to reinforce each other, and the reinforcing effect of the reinforcing fibers cannot be sufficiently exhibited.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its object is to provide a fiber-reinforced resin porous structure that is lightweight and has excellent mechanical properties.
- the present invention for solving the above problems is a fiber-reinforced resin containing a reinforcing fiber base material and a thermoplastic resin, wherein the reinforcing fiber base material includes reinforcing fibers having a fiber length of 2 to 10 mm, and the total amount of reinforcing fibers is 100
- the thermoplastic resin is a fiber-reinforced resin containing 50 to 100% by weight and having a long-chain branched structure.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the dispersed state of reinforcing fibers in the reinforcing fiber base material contained in the fiber-reinforced resin of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram of a plot of extensional viscosity and strain amount measured with a uniaxial extensional viscometer.
- 1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of a porous structure of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram showing a structure formed by reinforcing fibers and a thermoplastic resin in the porous structure of the present invention.
- Fig. 5(a) is a schematic diagram showing a typical cross-sectional structure of the porous structure of the present invention in the in-plane direction (Fig. 5(a)) and in the thickness direction (Fig. 5(b)).
- the present invention is a fiber-reinforced resin containing a reinforcing fiber base material and a thermoplastic resin.
- the reinforcing fiber substrate contains 50 to 100% by weight of reinforcing fibers having a fiber length of 2 to 10 mm, with the total amount of reinforcing fibers constituting the reinforcing fiber substrate being 100% by weight.
- the ratio of reinforcing fibers having a fiber length of 2 mm or more is 50% by weight or more, the reinforcing fibers exhibit a sufficient reinforcing effect, and the resulting fiber-reinforced resin has improved mechanical properties.
- the reinforcing fiber base material becomes bulky, so the expansion force is improved.
- the proportion of reinforcing fibers having a fiber length of more than 10 mm exceeds 50% by weight, the swelling power is improved, but the proportion of bending fibers in the resulting fiber-reinforced resin is increased, resulting in a decrease in mechanical properties.
- the ratio (Lw/Ln) of the weight average fiber length (Lw) to the number average fiber length (Ln) of the reinforcing fibers is preferably 1 to 1.4, more preferably 1 to 1.3.
- a small Lw/Ln indicates a small variation in fiber length. When the variation in fiber length is small, it becomes easier to uniformly form a fiber structure in which reinforcing fibers intersect each other, which will be described later.
- the fiber length distribution is obtained by removing the resin component in the fiber reinforced resin by a method such as burning off or elution, randomly selecting 400 fibers from the remaining reinforcing fibers, measuring the length to 0.01 mm, and calculating the decimal point. It can be calculated by rounding off to the second place below.
- the reinforcing fiber base material has a three-dimensional network structure including intersecting portions of reinforcing fibers and voids between a large number of the reinforcing fibers.
- the thermoplastic resin by melting or softening the thermoplastic resin by heating, it becomes easy to expand due to the elastic force of the reinforcing fiber base material, and a porous structure described later can be formed. can. That is, the molten or softened thermoplastic resin deforms as it expands, forming a streaky structure that binds the reinforcing fibers together in the three-dimensional network structure formed by the reinforcing fibers.
- the portion where the deformation of the thermoplastic resin does not follow the expansion of the reinforcing fiber base material becomes a region in which neither the reinforcing fiber nor the thermoplastic resin exists, that is, voids, resulting in a porous structure.
- the orientation state of reinforcing fibers is a two-dimensional orientation angle, that is, the concept of an angle formed by a certain reinforcing fiber single yarn (a) and a reinforcing fiber single yarn (b) that intersects with the reinforcing fiber single yarn (a).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the dispersed state of reinforcing fibers when only the reinforcing fibers of a fiber-reinforced resin are observed from the plane direction. Focusing on the reinforcing fiber single yarn 1, the reinforcing fiber single yarn 1 intersects with the reinforcing fiber single yarns 2 to 5. Here, crossing means a state in which the focused reinforcing fiber single yarn (a) is observed to cross another reinforcing fiber single yarn (b) in the observed two-dimensional plane.
- the reinforcing fibers 1 and the reinforcing fibers 2 to 5 do not necessarily have to be in contact with each other.
- the two-dimensional orientation angle is defined as the acute angle 6 of the two angles formed by the two intersecting reinforcing fiber single filaments.
- the method for measuring the average value of two-dimensional orientation angles is not particularly limited, but for example, a method of observing the orientation of reinforcing fibers from the surface can be exemplified. In this case, it is preferable to expose the fibers by polishing the surface, because the reinforcing fibers can be observed more easily. Further, a method of observing the orientation of reinforcing fibers using transmitted light can be exemplified. In this case, thin slicing is preferred because it makes it easier to observe the reinforcing fibers.
- a method of photographing an orientation image of reinforcing fibers by X-ray CT transmission observation can also be exemplified.
- a reinforcing fiber with high X-ray transparency mixing a tracer fiber with the reinforcing fiber or applying a tracer agent to the reinforcing fiber makes it easier to observe the reinforcing fiber. preferable.
- the average value of two-dimensional orientation angles is measured by the following procedures I and II.
- I Randomly selected reinforcing fiber single yarns (a) are measured for acute angles with all intersecting reinforcing fiber single yarns (b), and the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angles is calculated. When there are many reinforcing fiber single yarns (b) crossing the reinforcing fiber single yarns (a), the average value obtained by randomly selecting 20 intersecting reinforcing fiber single yarns (b) and measuring them may be used instead. .
- Focusing on another reinforcing fiber single yarn the above measurement of I is repeated a total of 5 times, and the average value is calculated as the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angles.
- the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angle of the reinforcing fibers is 10 to 80 degrees, preferably 20 to 70 degrees, more preferably 30 to 60 degrees. The closer you are, the better. If the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angles is less than 10 degrees or greater than 80 degrees, it means that many reinforcing fibers remain bundled. Since the average value of the two-dimensional orientation angle of the reinforcing fibers is 10 to 80 degrees, the moldability of the fiber reinforced resin into a complicated shape is improved, and the fiber reinforced resin is isotropic because it is not oriented in a specific direction. mechanical properties.
- the reinforcing fibers become bulky, so that a sufficient expansion force is exhibited.
- the mesh of the three-dimensional network structure formed by the reinforcing fibers is densified, so that an excellent reinforcing effect is exhibited.
- the type of reinforcing fiber is not particularly limited, and for example, carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, boron fiber, metal fiber, natural fiber, mineral fiber, etc. can be used. More than one species may be used in combination.
- carbon fibers such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based, pitch-based, and rayon-based carbon fibers are preferably used from the viewpoint of high specific strength and high specific rigidity and weight reduction effect.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- pitch-based pitch-based
- rayon-based carbon fibers are preferably used from the viewpoint of high specific strength and high specific rigidity and weight reduction effect.
- glass fibers can be preferably used, and it is particularly preferable to use carbon fibers and glass fibers in combination from the viewpoint of the balance between mechanical properties and economic efficiency.
- aramid fibers can be preferably used from the viewpoint of improving the impact absorption and shapeability of the fiber-reinforced resin, and it is preferable to use carbon fibers and aramid fibers together from the viewpoint of the balance between mechanical properties and impact absorption.
- reinforcing fibers coated with a metal such as nickel, copper, or ytterbium, or pitch-based carbon fibers.
- the tensile strength of the reinforcing fibers is preferably 3000 MPa or more, more preferably 4000 MPa or more. By setting the tensile strength of the reinforcing fiber within the above range, breakage of the reinforcing fiber during the process can be suppressed. From the viewpoint of the mechanical properties of the resulting fiber-reinforced resin, the tensile modulus of the reinforcing fibers is preferably 100 GPa or more, more preferably 200 GPa or more. There is no particular upper limit for the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the reinforcing fiber. A PAN-based carbon fiber is exemplified as a reinforcing fiber that satisfies these requirements.
- the thermoplastic resin contained in the fiber-reinforced resin of the present invention is a thermoplastic resin having a long-chain branched structure.
- resins with a long-chain branching structure include polypropylene resins and low-density polyethylenes in which a long-chain branching structure is introduced using a metallocene catalyst, and polystyrene resins in which a long-chain branching structure is introduced using a branching agent.
- Examples include polycarbonate resins and polyphenylene sulfide resins. Polyolefin and polystyrene are preferable from the viewpoint of lightness, and polyphenylene sulfide resin is preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance. Crystalline resins are preferred from the viewpoint of retaining the structure formed during expansion, and are required to be quickly cooled from a molten state and solidified. On the other hand, amorphous resins are preferred from the viewpoint of the process window.
- Examples of commercial products of resins having a long-chain branched structure include, for example, "MFX6, EX6000" (Japan Polypropylene Corporation), a polypropylene resin having a long-chain branched structure, for polypropylene resins, and long-chained polystyrene resins.
- "HMT1" Toyo Styrene Co., Ltd.
- "FN1700A” Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.
- Examples include "LF3G” (DIC EP Co., Ltd.), which is a polyphenylene sulfide resin having a long-chain branched structure.
- thermoplastic resin behaves elastically due to the entanglement of the molecular chains due to the long chain branched structure, so it can be stretched without breaking.
- a characteristic allows the resin to expand without breaking, and in the porous structure, the resin does not break. It becomes easier to take a continuous streaky structure without
- the ratio G' (0.01)/G' (0.001) of the storage modulus G' (0.001) at the time of can be used.
- the temperature is set based on the highest melting point or Tg.
- the melt storage modulus is measured according to ISO6721-10 (1999). If G'(0.01)/G'(0.001) is 15 or less, G'(0.01)/G ' (0.001) ratio is small, the elastic force of the reinforcing fiber base material applied to the thermoplastic resin allows the resin to be stretched without breaking when stretched.
- Polypropylene resin can be confirmed to have a long-chain branched structure by the following method.
- a polypropylene having a long-chain branched structure has a branched structure as represented by the chemical formula (1).
- Ca, Cb, Cc represent methylene carbons adjacent to branch carbons
- P 1 , P 2 , P 3 represent residues of polypropylene.
- P 1 , P 2 , P 3 may themselves contain branching carbons (Cbr) other than the Cbr described in this structural formula.
- Such branched structures are identified by 13 C-NMR analysis. The assignment of each peak is according to Macromolecules, Vol. 35, No. 10, 2002, pp. 3839-3842 can be referred to.
- a total of three methylene carbons (Ca, Cb, Cc) were observed, one each at 43.9 to 44.1 ppm, 44.5 to 44.7 ppm and 44.7 to 44.9 ppm, and 31.5 A methine carbon (Cbr) is observed at ⁇ 31.7 ppm.
- the methine carbon observed at 31.5 to 31.7 ppm may hereinafter be abbreviated as branched carbon (Cbr). It is characterized in that the three methylene carbons adjacent to the branched methine carbon Cbr are diastereotopicly divided into three non-equivalent carbons.
- the long-chain branched structure referred to in the present invention indicates a polypropylene residue having 5 or more carbon atoms branched from the main chain of polypropylene. It can be distinguished from a branch having 4 or less carbon atoms by the difference in the peak position of the branch carbon (see Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2003, Vol. 204, p. 1738).
- the branching index g' is known as a direct index for long chain branching.
- a branching index is represented by the following formula.
- branching index g' takes a value smaller than 1, it is determined that a long-chain branched structure exists, and the value of the branching index g' decreases as the number of long-chain branched structures increases.
- [ ⁇ ]br) and the intrinsic viscosity ([ ⁇ ]lin) separately obtained by measuring a linear polymer.
- the intrinsic viscosity ([ ⁇ ] br) of the branched polymer relative to the intrinsic viscosity ([ ⁇ ] lin) of the linear polymer with the same molecular weight as the long-chain branched structure is introduced
- the branching index g' which is the ratio of , becomes smaller. Since it is known as the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation that the logarithm of [ ⁇ ]lin for linear polymers is linearly related to the logarithm of molecular weight, Values can be obtained by appropriately extrapolating to the molecular weight side or the high molecular weight side.
- the branching index g' of the polymer generally takes a value in the range of 0-1.
- the branching index g' is 1, and as the number of long-chain branched structures increases, the branching index g' approaches 0.
- resins other than polypropylene resins having a branching index of 0.95 or less are judged to have a long-chain branched structure.
- the branching index g' is preferably 0.5 to 0.95, more preferably 0.8 to 0.95. When the branching index is 0.95 or less, the resin tends to form a continuous streaky structure without breaking in the porous structure. On the other hand, if the branching index is too high, expansion of the fiber-reinforced resin substrate is hindered, so the branching index is preferably 0.5 or more.
- melt viscosity of the thermoplastic resin is high in the low frequency region, the aggregation of the resin is suppressed, and when the porous structure is formed by expanding due to the elastic force of the reinforcing fiber base material as described later, the resin is formed into continuous streaks. It is preferable because the shape structure can be maintained without collapsing.
- melt complex viscosity ⁇ (0.001) at a frequency of 0.001 Hz measured at melting point +30° C. for crystalline resins and at Tg+80° C. for amorphous resins can be used. When multiple melting points are observed, the measurement temperature is set based on the highest melting point.
- the complex viscosity ⁇ (0.001) is preferably 3500 [Pa ⁇ s] or more, and more preferably 6000 [Pa ⁇ s] or more.
- the complex viscosity ⁇ is measured according to ISO6721-10 (1999). By setting the complex viscosity ⁇ (0.001) within the above range, it becomes difficult for the resin to move, and aggregation can be prevented.
- the melt flow rate of the thermoplastic resin is preferably 1.0 to 40 g/10 minutes, more preferably 2.0 to 35 g/10 minutes. The melt flow rate is determined according to the standard temperature for each resin in accordance with JIS K7210:2014. For resins for which JIS does not specify a specific temperature, measurement is performed at the melting point +50° C.
- melt flow rate of the thermoplastic resin is 1 g/10 minutes or more, it becomes easy to impregnate the reinforcing fiber base material with the thermoplastic resin during the production of the fiber reinforced resin base material, which will be described later.
- melt flow rate of the thermoplastic resin is 40 g/10 minutes or less, when the thermoplastic resin is impregnated into the reinforcing fiber base material, the outflow of the thermoplastic resin from the side surface of the reinforcing fiber base material can be suppressed. It becomes easy to obtain a fiber reinforced resin having a shape.
- thermoplastic resin having a long-chain branched structure has a higher viscosity in a low frequency range than a high frequency range, so it is possible to increase the viscosity in a low frequency range while maintaining the melt flow rate within a preferable range.
- the thermoplastic resin preferably has strain hardening properties.
- the strain hardening property is a property in which the viscosity of a molten resin increases when deformation of a certain amount or more is applied to the resin.
- the viscosity of the resin in the deformed part increases specifically, so that the viscosity of the resin changes between the deformed part and the undeformed part. there is a difference.
- the deformation of the undeformed portion having a low viscosity progresses, and the resin can be deformed uniformly, so that the resin can be stretched without being cut.
- the term “strain hardening” refers to the melting point of the thermoplastic resin + 30 ° C. for crystalline resins, and the strain obtained by uniaxial extensional viscosity measurement measured at Tg + 80 ° C. for amorphous resins. It means that the degree of cure is 1.1 or more.
- the extensional viscosity measurement results at a strain rate of 1/sec are shown in a double-logarithmic graph with the strain amount [-] on the horizontal axis and the extensional viscosity ⁇ E (Pa s) on the vertical axis. Plot like 2.
- the strain amount is Hencky strain, which is derived from the following equation.
- the strain hardening degree of the thermoplastic resin is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 4 or more, and even more preferably 6 or more. On the other hand, if the strain hardening property is too high, expansion of the fiber-reinforced resin base material is hindered, so the strain hardening degree is preferably 20 or less.
- thermoplastic resins include mica, talc, kaolin, hydrotalcite, sericite, bentonite, xonotlite, sepiolite, smectite, montmorillonite, wollastonite, silica, calcium carbonate, glass beads, glass flakes, Glass microballoons, clay, molybdenum disulfide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, antimony oxide, calcium polyphosphate, graphite, barium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc borate, calcium borate, aluminum borate whiskers, potassium titanate whiskers and high Fillers such as molecular compounds, conductive materials such as metals, metal oxides, carbon black and graphite powder, halogen flame retardants such as brominated resins, antimony flame retardants such as antimony trioxide and antimony pentoxide.
- flame retardancy may be required, and phosphorus-based flame retardants, nitrogen-based flame retardants, and inorganic flame retardants are preferably added.
- the above-mentioned flame retardant is used in an amount of 1 flame retardant per 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in order to maintain a good balance of properties such as the mechanical properties of the thermoplastic resin to be used and the fluidity of the resin during molding, in addition to the expression of the flame retardant effect. It is preferable to use up to 20 parts by weight. More preferably 1 to 15 parts by weight.
- the ratio of the reinforcing fiber to the total of the reinforcing fiber and the thermoplastic resin in the fiber reinforced resin is preferably 3 to 60% by volume, more preferably 10 to 40% by volume, and 15 to 30% by volume. It is particularly preferred to have When the volume content of the reinforcing fibers is 3% by volume or more, the reinforcing effect derived from the reinforcing fibers can be made sufficient. Further, in order to form a porous structure using the fiber-reinforced resin of the present invention, if the proportion of the thermoplastic resin is 40% by volume or more, the thermoplastic resin should have a streaky structure as described later. is easy, and the mechanical properties of the porous structure can be satisfied.
- the volume content of the resin and reinforcing fibers can be measured by placing the porous structure in a crucible and heating it at a high temperature to eliminate the resin component, and then measuring the weight of the remaining reinforcing fibers.
- the shape of the fiber-reinforced resin of the present invention is not particularly limited, it is preferably in the form of a sheet from the viewpoint of lamination.
- the fiber-reinforced resin of the present invention includes an embodiment that is a porous structure as described later, and an embodiment that does not have a porous structure is used as its precursor.
- the void ratio of the fiber-reinforced resin is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 15% or less, even more preferably 10% or less, and most preferably 5% or less. preferable. By setting the void ratio within such a range, the non-impregnated portions that are not impregnated with resin are reduced, and the resulting porous structure has a small amount of resin, resulting in defects in which the fibers are not sufficiently fixed by the resin. It is possible to suppress the formation of a part.
- the "void ratio" is a value calculated by the following formula from the true specific gravity and bulk specific gravity of the fiber reinforced resin.
- the true specific gravity is measured by a pycnometer method in accordance with ISO 1183 (1987) for a sample pulverized into powder so that the particle size is 150 ⁇ m or less so that no voids remain inside the fiber reinforced resin.
- a fiber reinforced resin is cut out and measured according to ISO845 (1988).
- the precursor contains the reinforcing fiber base material in a compressed state, that is, in a state in which at least part of the reinforcing fibers are bent in the reinforcing fiber base material, because the above-mentioned elastic force increases.
- the fiber-reinforced resins of the present invention those having no porous structure, which will be described later, are preferably used as precursors of fiber-reinforced resins having a porous structure.
- the fiber-reinforced resin desirably has expandability.
- the fiber reinforced resin has expansiveness means that the fiber reinforced resin is heated at a temperature of +20 ° C. or higher if the thermoplastic resin is a crystalline resin, and Tg + 100 ° C. if it is an amorphous resin. It is defined that the expansion ratio calculated by the following formula becomes 1.5 times or more when the plastic resin is melted.
- the true specific gravity is measured by a pycnometer method in accordance with ISO 1183 (1987) on a sample pulverized into powder so that the particle size is 150 ⁇ m or less so that no voids remain inside the fiber reinforced resin after expansion.
- the bulk specific gravity of the expanded fiber-reinforced resin is measured according to ISO845 (1988) by cutting out the fiber-reinforced resin.
- the use of the fiber-reinforced tree of the present invention in an embodiment having no porous structure is not limited to this, and since the resin can be stretched without being cut, it is excellent in workability. It can be suitably applied to molding involving stretching of resin, such as foam molding and stretch molding.
- the fiber-reinforced resin of the present invention may have a porous structure.
- the fiber-reinforced resin of this aspect is hereinafter referred to as a "porous structure" in this specification.
- the reinforcing fibers that make up the reinforcing fiber base material cross each other to form a three-dimensional network structure, and the thermoplastic resin acts as a muscle that binds the reinforcing fibers together in the mesh of the three-dimensional network structure. form a morphological structure.
- it includes areas where neither the reinforcing fibers nor the thermoplastic resin is present, surrounded by the reinforcing fibers and/or the thermoplastic resin, and such areas are referred to herein as voids.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a typical cross section of the porous structure of the present invention.
- the reinforcing fibers 7 form a mesh structure in the porous structure.
- FIG. 3 shows a two-dimensional cross section, the reinforcing fibers 7 actually form a three-dimensional mesh structure.
- the thermoplastic resin 8 exists as a matrix of the three-dimensional network structure.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram that three-dimensionally shows a part of a three-dimensional network structure composed of reinforcing fibers.
- the thermoplastic resin 8 forms a streak structure 10 that binds reinforcing fibers together in a three-dimensional network structure composed of reinforcing fibers.
- the voids 9 are formed as regions in which the thermoplastic resin 8 does not exist in the three-dimensional network structure. Such striations formed by the thermoplastic resin reinforce the porous structure and improve the mechanical properties.
- the linear structure of the thermoplastic resin is continuously formed in the fiber-reinforced resin with a length of 300 ⁇ m or more.
- the fact that the streak structure is continuously formed mainly means that the resin is continuously present in a range of 300 ⁇ m or more in each of the in-plane direction and the thickness direction. Further, whether or not the resin is continuous can be confirmed by observing the cross section by X-ray CT observation.
- the area ratio A of voids evaluated by a cross-sectional photograph is preferably 35% or less, more preferably 25% or less.
- A/B which is the ratio of the area ratio A of the voids to the expansion ratio B described later, is preferably 8 or less, more preferably 7 or less, and even more preferably 6 or less.
- the ratio of the voids is small and the thermoplastic resin is spread out, so that the three-dimensional network structure composed of the reinforcing fibers can be efficiently reinforced.
- the expansion ratio is low, the amount of elongation of the thermoplastic resin is small, and the thermoplastic resin is less likely to break, so the area of the voids becomes smaller.
- the expansion ratio is large, it is preferable from the viewpoint of weight reduction, and the reinforcing effect of the thermoplastic resin on the porous structure is large.
- the average area of voids in the cross section of the porous structure is preferably 6000 ⁇ m 2 or less, more preferably 5000 ⁇ m 2 or less, and even more preferably 4000 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the coefficient of variation of the area of the pores is preferably 100% or less, more preferably 90% or less, and 80% or less. is more preferred.
- the average area of pores and the coefficient of variation are values calculated from 300 arbitrarily selected pores in the porous structure.
- the cross-sectional observation of the porous structure of the present invention was performed by cutting the cross-section vertically with a sharp cutter with a single blade so that the thickness of the cross-section in the thickness direction did not change.
- An evaluation is performed by exposing a cross section in the direction, observing it with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at an acceleration voltage of 0.9 kV, and analyzing the obtained cross section photograph.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the orientation angle ⁇ f of the reinforcing fibers in the thickness direction in the porous structure of the present invention is preferably in the range of 0.5 degrees to 15 degrees, more preferably in the range of 1 degree to 10 degrees.
- ⁇ f is 15 degrees or less, the thermoplastic resin does not break and a streaky structure is easily obtained.
- ⁇ f is less than 0.5 degrees, the reinforcing fibers in the porous structure are planar, in other words, two-dimensionally oriented, which tends to reduce the lightness.
- ⁇ f can be measured based on observation of a cross section in the in-plane direction of the porous structure.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing typical cross sections of the porous structure of the present invention in the in-plane direction (FIG. 5(a)) and the thickness direction (FIG. 5(b)).
- the cross sections of the reinforcing fibers 5a and 5b are approximated to an elliptical shape for ease of measurement.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing typical cross sections of the porous structure of the present invention in the in-plane direction (FIG. 5(a)) and the thickness direction (FIG. 5(b)).
- the cross sections of the reinforcing fibers 5a and 5b are approximated to an elliptical shape for ease of measurement.
- the reinforcing fibers 5a have an inclination nearly parallel to the thickness direction Y, and the reinforcing fibers 5b have a large inclination with respect to the thickness direction Y.
- the angle ⁇ x formed between the plane direction X of the structure and the fiber main axis (major axis direction of the ellipse) ⁇ is approximately equal to the orientation angle ⁇ f of the reinforcing fibers 5b.
- the reinforcing fibers 5a there is a large deviation between the angle ⁇ x and the orientation angle ⁇ f, and it cannot be said that the angle ⁇ x reflects the orientation angle ⁇ f.
- the detection accuracy of the orientation angle ⁇ f can be improved by extracting fiber cross sections having an elliptical aspect ratio of a certain value or more.
- an index of the elliptical aspect ratio to be extracted if the cross-sectional shape of the single fiber is close to a perfect circle, that is, if the fiber aspect ratio in the cross section perpendicular to the fiber direction of the reinforcing fiber is 1.1 or less, the elliptical aspect ratio is For 20 or more reinforcing fibers, the angle formed by the plane direction X and the fiber main axis ⁇ is measured, and this value is taken as the value of the orientation angle ⁇ f.
- the orientation angle ⁇ f is measured by focusing on the reinforcing fiber having a larger elliptical aspect ratio.
- the fiber aspect ratio is 1.1 or more and less than 1.8
- the elliptical aspect ratio is 30 or more
- the fiber aspect ratio is 1.8 or more and less than 2.5
- the elliptical aspect ratio is 40 or more.
- reinforcing fibers with an elliptical aspect ratio of 50 or more are selected and the orientation angle ⁇ f is measured.
- the bulk specific gravity ( ⁇ ) of the porous structure is preferably 0.01 to 1.3, more preferably 0.1 to 0.6, and still more preferably 0.15 from the viewpoint of lightness. ⁇ 0.4.
- the bulk specific gravity is measured according to ISO845 (1988) by cutting out the porous structure.
- the expansion ratio B is preferably 1.5 to 6 times, more preferably 1.8 to 5 times, and 2.0 to 4.5 times. is more preferred. If the expansion ratio B is small, the weight reduction effect obtained by expansion is small, while if the expansion ratio is too high, the mechanical properties of the structure are insufficient. Moreover, if the expansion ratio is increased beyond this range, the resin will be cut during expansion, making it difficult to form the streak structure.
- the "expansion ratio" is a value calculated by the above formula as a ratio of true specific gravity to bulk specific gravity.
- the compressive elastic modulus of the porous structure is preferably 10 MPa or more, more preferably 30 MPa or more. There is no particular upper limit for the compressive modulus of the porous structure.
- the compressive modulus of elasticity is measured by cutting out the porous structure and referring to ISO844 (2004) and measuring the dimensions of the sample of the porous structure with a length of 20 mm, a width of 20 mm, and a thickness of 4 mm.
- the bending elastic modulus (Ec) of the porous structure is preferably 2.0 GPa or more, more preferably 2.5 GPa or more.
- the bending elastic modulus is measured by cutting out the porous structure and measuring it according to ISO 178 (1993).
- the bending strength is preferably 15 MPa or more, more preferably 25 MPa or more, and even more preferably 30 MPa or more.
- the flexural strength is measured by cutting out the porous structure according to ISO178 (1993).
- the maximum thickness of the porous structure is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 10 mm or less, more preferably 0.5 mm or more and 6 mm or less. Although there is an effect of reducing the weight of the porous structure by reducing the thickness of the porous structure, the rigidity of the porous structure thinner than 0.3 mm may be insufficient.
- a molded member at least partially containing the fiber-reinforced resin of the present invention.
- a molded member include a molded member having a sandwich structure in which a layer made of the fiber-reinforced resin of the present invention is used as a core layer and a continuous fiber-reinforced resin in which continuous reinforcing fibers are impregnated with resin is used as a skin layer.
- the continuous reinforcing fibers of the skin layer include cloth composed of reinforcing fiber bundles composed of a large number of continuous reinforcing fibers, and reinforcing fiber bundles in which a large number of continuous reinforcing fibers are arranged in one direction (unidirectional unidirectional fiber bundles), unidirectional cloth made of unidirectional fiber bundles, and the like.
- Such molded members include, for example, "personal computers, displays, OA equipment, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, PDAs (personal digital assistants such as electronic notebooks), video cameras, optical equipment, audio equipment, air conditioners, lighting equipment, and entertainment goods. , toys, housings, trays, chassis, interior members of home appliances, or their cases, etc.
- Electric and electronic equipment parts various members, various frames, various hinges, various arms, various axles, various wheels Bearings, beams, hoods, roofs, doors, fenders, trunk lids, side panels, rear end panels, front bodies, under bodies, pillars, members, frames, beams, supports, rails, hinges etc., exterior panels or body parts", “bumpers, bumper beams, moldings, undercovers, engine covers, rectifying plates, spoilers, cowl louvers, aero parts and other exterior parts", “instrument panels, seat frames, Interior parts such as door trims, pillar trims, steering wheels, and various modules, structural parts for automobiles and motorcycles such as motor parts, CNG tanks, gasoline tanks, battery trays, headlamp supports, pedal housings, protectors, and lamp reflectors.
- the fiber-reinforced resin of the present invention which does not have a porous structure, can be produced by impregnating a reinforcing fiber substrate with a film or non-woven fabric of the thermoplastic resin described above under pressure. In order to obtain sufficient elastic force for expansion, impregnation with the thermoplastic resin is preferably performed while compressing the reinforcing fiber base material.
- the reinforcing fiber base material is manufactured, for example, by previously dispersing discontinuous reinforcing fibers into strands, preferably approximately monofilaments, more preferably monofilaments. More specifically, dry processes such as the air-laid method, in which reinforcing fibers are dispersed by an air flow and formed into a sheet, the carding method, in which reinforcing fibers are mechanically combed to form a sheet, and the reinforcing fibers are stirred in water.
- the reinforcing fiber mat can be produced by a wet process by the Radrite method in which paper is made by As means for making the discontinuous reinforcing fibers closer to a monofilament shape, in the dry process, there are means for providing a fiber-spreading bar, means for vibrating the fiber-spreading bar, means for making the card mesh finer, and adjusting the rotational speed of the card.
- means for adjusting the stirring conditions of the discontinuous reinforcing fibers means for diluting the concentration of reinforcing fibers in the dispersion, means for adjusting the viscosity of the dispersion, transferring the dispersion
- means for suppressing eddy currents when the air is caused to flow can be exemplified.
- the reinforcing fiber base material used in the present invention is preferably manufactured by a wet process that allows easy adjustment of the proportion of reinforcing fibers.
- the orientation of the fibers in the obtained reinforcing fiber base material becomes difficult to face in the flow direction of the conveyor, resulting in a bulky A reinforcing fiber base material can be obtained.
- the pressure when the reinforcing fiber base material is impregnated with the thermoplastic resin film or nonwoven fabric is preferably 0.5 MPa or more and 30 MPa or less, more preferably 1 MPa or more and 10 MPa or less, and still more preferably 2 MPa or more and 8 MPa or less. If the pressure is 0.5 MPa or more, the reinforcing fiber base material can be sufficiently impregnated with the thermoplastic resin, and if it is 30 MPa or less, the thickness can be easily adjusted.
- the temperature at which the thermoplastic resin film or non-woven fabric is impregnated is preferably the melting point or higher if the thermoplastic resin is a crystalline resin, or the Tg or higher if the thermoplastic resin is an amorphous resin.
- thermoplastic resin film or non-woven fabric is impregnated is preferably Tg+150° C. or less.
- a compression molding machine and a double belt press can be suitably used as equipment for realizing a method of impregnating reinforcing fibers with a thermoplastic resin film or nonwoven fabric.
- the compression molding machine is a batch type, and productivity can be improved by using an intermittent press system in which two or more machines for heating and cooling are arranged in parallel.
- the double-belt press machine is a continuous type and is excellent in productivity because it can easily perform continuous processing.
- a typical example of the method for producing the above-described porous structure is heating and expanding the fiber-reinforced resin, but the method is not particularly limited.
- a method for example, there is a manufacturing method in which the impregnation of the thermoplastic resin and the heating step for expanding the fiber-reinforced resin are performed simultaneously.
- a reinforcing fiber base material is impregnated with a thermoplastic resin, and after obtaining a precursor through a step of cooling in a compressed state, a porous structure can be obtained by reheating the precursor. I can.
- thermoplastic resin when the thermoplastic resin is heated and impregnated into the reinforcing fiber base material, it is expanded without being cooled in a compressed state.
- a porous structure can be obtained in one step, and the productivity is excellent.
- the temperature at which the fiber-reinforced resin is heated and expanded is preferably equal to or higher than the melting point or Tg of the thermoplastic resin. If the temperature at which the fiber-reinforced resin is heated and expanded is higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic resin, decomposition or deterioration of the thermoplastic resin may occur. It is preferably 100° C. or less, more preferably 100° C. or less.
- Polypropylene resin 1 Nippon Polypropylene Co., Ltd., long-chain branched polypropylene resin "Waymax" (registered trademark) MFX6 obtained by polymerizing propylene using a metallocene catalyst (strain hardening: yes, branching index: 0 .91)
- Polypropylene resin 2 Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., linear random polypropylene resin “Prime Polypro” (registered trademark) J3021GR (strain hardening: none, branching index: 1.0)
- Polystyrene resin 1 Toyo Styrene Co., Ltd., polystyrene resin "Toyo Styrol” HMT1 (strain hardening: yes, branching index: 0.67).
- thermoplastic resin used was measured according to JISK7121 (1987). The heating rate was measured at 10°C/min.
- a differential scanning calorimeter DSC 2500 manufactured by TA Instruments was used as a measuring device.
- Carbon fiber base material A continuous carbon fiber bundle of 12,000 filaments in total was obtained by performing spinning and firing treatment from a polymer containing polyacrylonitrile as a main component. A sizing agent was applied to the continuous carbon fiber bundle by an immersion method, and dried in heated air at a temperature of 120°C to obtain a carbon fiber bundle. The properties of this carbon fiber bundle were as follows. Single fiber diameter: 7 ⁇ m Weight per unit length: 0.8g/m Density: 1.8g/ cm3 Tensile strength: 4.2 GPa Tensile modulus: 230 GPa Sizing agent: Polyoxyethylene oleyl ether Amount of sizing agent adhered: 1.5% by weight per 100% by weight of carbon fiber bundles.
- a chopped carbon fiber bundle was obtained by cutting the carbon fiber bundle produced as described above into a fiber length of 3 mm with a cartridge cutter.
- a surfactant manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (trade name) 0.1% by weight aqueous dispersion was prepared, and this dispersion and chopped carbon fiber bundles were put into a paper machine to produce carbon.
- a fiber base material was produced.
- the paper machine comprises a dispersing tank, a papermaking tank, and a transport section connecting the dispersing tank and the papermaking tank.
- the dispersing tank is equipped with a stirrer and can disperse the supplied dispersion liquid and chopped carbon fiber bundles.
- the paper making tank has a mesh conveyor having a paper making surface at the bottom, and a conveyor capable of carrying the carbon fiber base material made of paper is connected to the mesh conveyor. Papermaking was carried out with a fiber concentration of 0.05% by weight in the dispersion.
- the paper-made carbon fiber substrate was dried in a drying oven at 200°C.
- a 3% by weight aqueous dispersion of a binder (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., "Polyment” (registered trademark) SK-1000) is applied to the upper surface of the carbon base material transported by the conveyor. was sprayed. Excess binder was sucked out and dried in a drying oven at 200° C. to obtain a carbon fiber base material. The basis weight of the obtained carbon fiber base material was 110 g/m 2 .
- Polypropylene resin film 1 Polypropylene resin 1 (manufactured by Japan Polypro Co., Ltd., "Waymax" (registered trademark) MFX6), which is a polypropylene resin having a long-chain branched structure, was sandwiched between release films, and a spacer was inserted in a press molding machine at 220°C for 10 minutes. After the partial pressure was applied, the film was taken out together with the release film, and the resin was cooled and solidified to obtain a polypropylene resin film 1 with a basis weight of 165 g/m 2 . Also, the melting point of PP film 1 was measured and found to be 156°C.
- Polypropylene resin film 2 Polypropylene resin 1 (manufactured by Nippon Polypropylene Co., Ltd., "Waymax” (registered trademark) MFX6), which is a polypropylene resin having a long-chain branched structure, and polypropylene resin 2 (manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., "Prime Polypro "(R) J3021 GR) was blended and compounded in an extruder. The compound resin is sandwiched between release films, and after pressurization at 220° C.
- Polypropylene resin film 3 Polypropylene resin 1 (manufactured by Japan Polypropylene Co., Ltd., "Waymax” (registered trademark) MFX6), which is a polypropylene resin having a long-chain branched structure, and polypropylene resin 2 (manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., "Prime Polypro "(R) J3021 GR) was blended and compounded in an extruder. The compound resin is sandwiched between release films, and after pressing at 220° C.
- Polypropylene resin film 4 Polypropylene resin 1 (manufactured by Japan Polypropylene Co., Ltd., "Waymax” (registered trademark) MFX6), which is a polypropylene resin having a long-chain branched structure, and polypropylene resin 2 (manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd., "Prime Polypro (registered trademark) J3021GR) was blended and compounded in an extruder. The compound resin is sandwiched between release films, and after pressing at 220° C.
- Polypropylene resin film 5 Polypropylene resin 2 (“Prime Polypro” (registered trademark) J3021GR, manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd.) is sandwiched between release films, and after pressing for 10 minutes at 220°C with a press molding machine in which a spacer is inserted, the release film is taken out. By cooling and solidifying the resin, a polypropylene resin film 5 having a basis weight of 165 g/m 2 was obtained. Also, the melting point of the PP film 5 was measured and found to be 150°C.
- Polystyrene resin film 1 Polystyrene resin 1 ("Toyo Styrol GP" HMT1, manufactured by Toyo Styrene Co., Ltd.), which is a polystyrene resin having a long-chain branched structure, is sandwiched between release films and pressurized at 240°C for 10 minutes with a press molding machine in which a spacer is inserted. Thereafter, the film was taken out together with the release film, and the resin was cooled and solidified to obtain a polystyrene resin film 1 with a basis weight of 193 g/m 2 . Moreover, when the Tg of the polystyrene resin film 1 was measured, it was 103°C.
- Example 1 Using a carbon fiber base material and polypropylene resin film 1, a porous structure was produced. After adjusting the carbon fiber base material and the polypropylene resin film to a size of 300 mm ⁇ 300 mm, [polypropylene resin film 1 / carbon fiber base material / polypropylene resin film 1 / carbon fiber base material / polypropylene resin film 1 / carbon fiber base material /polypropylene resin film 1]. This laminate was sandwiched between release films, and was pressed with a press molding machine at 180° C. and 5 MPa for 10 minutes to impregnate the carbon fiber substrate with the polypropylene resin. After that, a fiber-reinforced resin was produced by cold pressing with a different press molding machine at 40° C. and 5 MPa until the laminate was cooled.
- the produced fiber reinforced resin was sandwiched between mold release films, and was pressed with a press molding machine at 180°C and 3 MPa for 10 minutes to melt the polypropylene resin contained in the fiber reinforced resin. After that, a porous structure was obtained by cold pressing at 40° C. and 5 MPa with a different press molding machine in which a spacer was inserted until the laminate was cooled. By inserting the spacer into the press molding machine, the fiber-reinforced resin expands due to the restoring force derived from the elastic force of the carbon fiber base material, forming a porous structure.
- the polypropylene resin did not break and expanded, forming a streak-like structure of the polypropylene resin between the fibers, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties and light weight.
- Example 2 A porous structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polypropylene resin film 1 was changed to the polypropylene resin film 2.
- the polypropylene resin expanded without breaking, so a streak-like structure was formed by the resin between the fibers, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties and lightness.
- the polypropylene resin has excellent fluidity, impregnation of the carbon fiber base material with the polypropylene resin was also good.
- Example 3 A porous structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that polypropylene resin film 1 was changed to polypropylene resin film 3.
- the polypropylene resin did not break and expanded, forming a streak-like structure of the polypropylene resin between the fibers, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties and lightness.
- the polypropylene resin has excellent fluidity, impregnation of the carbon fiber base material with the polypropylene resin was also good.
- Example 4 A porous structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polypropylene resin film 1 was changed to the polypropylene resin film 4.
- the polypropylene resin did not break and expanded, forming a streak-like structure of the polypropylene resin between the fibers, exhibiting excellent mechanical properties and lightness.
- the polypropylene resin has excellent fluidity, impregnation of the carbon fiber base material with the polypropylene resin was also good.
- Example 5 Using a carbon fiber base material and polystyrene resin film 1, a porous structure was produced. After adjusting the carbon fiber base material and the polystyrene resin film to a size of 300 mm ⁇ 300 mm, [polystyrene resin film 1 / carbon fiber base material / polystyrene resin film 1 / carbon fiber base material / polystyrene resin film 1 / carbon fiber base material /polystyrene resin film 1]. This laminate was sandwiched between release films, and was pressed with a press molding machine at 240° C. and 5 MPa for 10 minutes to impregnate the carbon fiber substrate with the polystyrene resin. After that, a fiber-reinforced resin was produced by cold pressing with a different press molding machine at 40° C. and 5 MPa until the laminate was cooled.
- the produced fiber reinforced resin was sandwiched between release films, and was pressed with a press molding machine at 180°C and 3 MPa for 10 minutes to melt the polystyrene resin contained in the fiber reinforced resin. After that, a porous structure was obtained by cold pressing at 40° C. and 5 MPa with a different press molding machine in which a spacer was inserted until the laminate was cooled. By inserting the spacer into the press molding machine, the fiber-reinforced resin expands due to the restoring force derived from the elastic force of the carbon fiber base material, forming a porous structure.
- Example 1 A porous structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polypropylene resin film 1 was changed to the polypropylene resin film 5.
- the polypropylene resin was cut during expansion, so no resin streak structure was formed between the fibers, and although it was light in weight, it had poor mechanical properties.
- Example 2 A porous structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the fiber length of the chopped CF used for the carbon fiber base material was 0.5 mm. Therefore, the sample could not be prepared because it did not expand to the intended expansion ratio.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、強化繊維基材と熱可塑性樹脂を含む繊維強化樹脂である。強化繊維基材は、強化繊維基材を構成する強化繊維の総量を100重量%として、繊維長2~10mmの強化繊維を50~100重量%含む。繊維長2mm以上の強化繊維の割合が50重量%以上であると強化繊維が十分な補強効果を示し、得られる繊維強化樹脂の力学特性が向上する。また、後述するように強化繊維基材の弾性力により膨張させる場合には、強化繊維基材が嵩高くなるため、膨張力が向上する。一方で、繊維長10mmを越える強化繊維の割合が50重量%超になると膨脹力は向上するものの、得られる繊維強化樹脂中において、屈曲する繊維の割合が増加するため力学特性が低下する。
<強化繊維基材>
強化繊維基材は、強化繊維同士の交差部を有し、その多数の強化繊維間に空隙を含む三次元網目構造を有していることが好ましい。このような構造をとっていると、熱可塑性樹脂を加熱により溶融または軟化させることにより、強化繊維基材の弾性力によって膨張させることが容易になり、後述する多孔質構造体を形成することができる。すなわち、膨脹に伴って溶融または軟化した状態にある熱可塑性樹脂が変形し、強化繊維により形成された三次元網目構造内において強化繊維同士を結着する筋状構造を形成する。それと同時に、強化繊維基材の膨脹に熱可塑性樹脂の変形が追随しない部分は、強化繊維も熱可塑性樹脂も存在しない領域、すなわち空隙となって、多孔質構造となる。
<強化繊維>
強化繊維の配向状態は、二次元配向角、すなわち、ある強化繊維単糸(a)と該強化繊維単糸(a)と交差する強化繊維単糸(b)とで形成される角度の概念を用いて表現することができる。二次元配向角について、図1を用いて説明する。図1は、繊維強化樹脂の強化繊維のみを面方向から観察した場合の、強化繊維の分散状態を表した模式図である。強化繊維単糸1に着目すると、強化繊維単糸1は強化繊維単糸2~5と交差している。ここで交差とは、観察した二次元平面において着目した強化繊維単糸(a)が他の強化繊維単糸(b)と交わって観察される状態のことを意味する。ここで実際の繊維強化樹脂において、強化繊維1と強化繊維2~5が必ずしも接触している必要はない。二次元配向角は交差する2つの強化繊維単糸が形成する2つの角度のうち、鋭角の角度6で定義する。二次元配向角の平均値を測定する方法には特に制限はないが、例えば、表面から強化繊維の配向を観察する方法が例示できる。この場合、表面を研磨して繊維を露出させることで、より強化繊維を観察しやすくなるため好ましい。また、透過光を利用して強化繊維の配向を観察する方法が例示できる。この場合、薄くスライスすることで、より強化繊維を観察しやすくなるため好ましい。さらに、X線CT透過観察して強化繊維の配向画像を撮影する方法も例示できる。X線透過性の高い強化繊維の場合には、強化繊維にトレーサ用の繊維を混合しておく、あるいは強化繊維にトレーサ用の薬剤を塗布しておくと、より強化繊維を観察しやすくなるため好ましい。
I.無作為に選択した強化繊維単糸(a)に対して交差している全ての強化繊維単糸(b)との鋭角側での角度を測定し、二次元配向角の平均値を算出する。強化繊維単糸(a)に交差する強化繊維単糸(b)が多数の場合には、交差する強化繊維単糸(b)を無作為に20本選び測定した平均値を代用してもよい。
II.上記Iの測定を別の強化繊維単糸に着目して合計5回繰り返し、その平均値を二次元
配向角の平均値として算出する。
対数と線形の関係があることは、Mark-Houwink-Sakurada式として
公知であるから、[η]linは、線状ポリマーの測定を行い、低分子量側や高分子量側に適宜外挿して数値を得ることができる。
ηElinとする。このηEmax/ηElinを、歪み硬化度として定義する。歪み量が4.0まで伸張せずに樹脂が破断した場合には破断点の値をηE(ηEmax)とする。また、歪み硬化を起こさない場合には歪み硬化度を1とする。融点が複数観測される場合には最も高温側の融点を基準として、測定温度を設定する。熱可塑性樹脂の歪み硬化度は2以上であることが好ましく、4以上であることがより好ましく、6以上であることがさらに好ましい。一方で歪み硬化性が大きすぎると繊維強化樹脂基材の膨脹を妨げることから歪み硬化度は20以下であることが好ましい。
なお、「ボイド率」は繊維強化樹脂の真比重と嵩比重から、下記式で算出される値である。
前述の通り、本発明の繊維強化樹脂は、多孔質構造を有するものであっても良い。この態様の繊維強化樹脂を、以下本明細書において「多孔質構造体」と呼ぶ。多孔質構造体においては、強化繊維基材を構成する強化繊維同士が交差して三次元網目構造を形成し、熱可塑性樹脂は、当該三次元網目構造の網目において強化繊維同士を結着する筋状構造を形成している。さらに、強化繊維および/または前記熱可塑性樹脂に包囲された前記強化繊維も前記熱可塑性樹脂も存在しない領域を包含しており、このような領域を本明細書においては空隙と呼ぶ。
他の本発明は、本発明の繊維強化樹脂を少なくとも一部に含む成形部材である。このような成形部材としては、本発明の繊維強化樹脂からなる層をコア層とし、連続強化繊維に樹脂を含浸した連続繊維強化樹脂をスキン層とするサンドイッチ構造を有する成形部材が例示される。この場合のスキン層の連続強化繊維としては、多数本の連続した強化繊維からなる強化繊維束から構成されたクロス、多数本の連続した強化繊維が一方向に配列された強化繊維束(一方向性繊維束)、一方向性繊維束から構成された一方向性クロス等が挙げられる。
多孔質構造を有しない本発明の繊維強化樹脂は、前述の熱可塑性樹脂のフィルムや不織布を、強化繊維基材に圧力をかけて含浸させることで製造することができる。膨張のための十分な弾性力を得るために、熱可塑性樹脂の含浸は強化繊維基材を圧縮しつつ行うことが好ましい。
<使用する樹脂>
樹脂として、以下の樹脂を使用した。
ポリプロピレン樹脂1:日本ポリプロ(株)製、メタロセン触媒を用いてプロピレンを重合することにより得られた長鎖分岐ポリプロピレン樹脂“ウェイマックス”(登録商標)MFX6 (歪み硬化性:有、分岐指数:0.91)
ポリプロピレン樹脂2:プライムポリマー(株)製、直鎖ランダムポリプロピレン樹脂“プライムポリプロ”(登録商標)J3021GR (歪み硬化性:無、分岐指数:1.0)
ポリスチレン樹脂1:東洋スチレン(株)製、ポリスチレン樹脂“トーヨースチロール”HMT1 (歪み硬化性:有、分岐指数:0.67)。
(1)熱可塑性樹脂の伸張粘度測定
熱可塑性樹脂の歪み硬化性は、結晶性樹脂の場合は融点+30℃、非結晶性樹脂の場合はTg+80℃の温度で歪み速度:1/secで測定される伸張粘度測定により評価を行った。測定装置としては東洋精機製、メルテンレオメーターを使用した。
使用した熱可塑性樹脂の溶融時貯蔵弾性率及び複素粘度をISO6721-10(1999)に従い測定した。測定数n=5とし、融点+30℃で測定した。測定装置としてはTAインスツルメント製、動的粘弾性測定装置ARESG2を使用し、測定治具としてパラレルプレートを用いて測定した。
使用した熱可塑性樹脂のメルトフローレートを、明細書に記載の方法で測定した。測定数n=5とし、平均値により評価した。測定装置としては東洋精機社製、メルトインデクサを使用した。
使用した熱可塑性樹脂の融点はJISK7121(1987)に従い測定した。昇温速度は10℃/minとして測定した。測定装置としてはTAインスツルメント製、示差走査熱量計DSC 2500を使用した。
多孔質構造体の厚み方向の断面をカッターで切り出してSEM(加速電圧:0.9kV、倍率200倍)により観察し、得られた断面写真を解析することにより評価を行った。断面写真内において樹脂も繊維も存在しない領域の面積を測定数n=300で測定することで評価した。SEMはキーエンス製、VHX-D510を使用した。
試験片の寸法を縦20mm×横20mm×厚み4mmとした以外はISO844(2004)に準拠して、多孔質構造体の圧縮弾性率(MPa)を測定した。測定数n=5とし、平均値により評価した。測定装置としてはインストロン・ジャパン製、インストロン5565型万能材料試験機を使用した。
ISO178(1993)に従い、曲げ試験片の曲げ強度および曲げ弾性率を測定した。測定数n=5とし、平均値により評価した。測定装置としてはインストロン・ジャパン製、インストロン5565型万能材料試験機を使用した。
[炭素繊維基材]
ポリアクリロニトリルを主成分とする重合体から紡糸、焼成処理を行い、総フィラメント数12000本の炭素繊維連続束を得た。該炭素繊維連続束に浸漬法によりサイジング剤を付与し、120℃の温度の加熱空気中で乾燥し、炭素繊維束を得た。この炭素繊維束の特性は次の通りであった。
単繊維径:7μm
単位長さ当たりの重量:0.8g/m
密度:1.8g/cm3
引張強度:4.2GPa
引張弾性率:230GPa
サイジング剤:ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル
サイジング剤付着量:炭素繊維束100重量%に対し、1.5重量%。
長鎖分岐構造を有するポリプロピレン樹脂であるポリプロピレン樹脂1(日本ポリプロ(株)製、“ウェイマックス”(登録商標)MFX6)を離型フィルムで挟み、スペーサーを挿入したプレス成形機で220℃、10分加圧後、離型フィルムごと取り出し、樹脂を冷却固化することで、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム1を目付165g/m2で得た。また、PPフィルム1の融点を測定した所、156℃であった。
長鎖分岐構造を有するポリプロピレン樹脂であるポリプロピレン樹脂1(日本ポリプロ(株)製、“ウェイマックス”(登録商標)MFX6)50重量%と、ポリプロピレン樹脂2(プライムポリマー(株)製、“プライムポリプロ”(登録商標)J3021GR)50重量%をブレンドし、押出機でコンパウンドした。コンパウンド樹脂を離型フィルムで挟み、スペーサーを挿入したプレス成形機で220℃、10分加圧後、離型フィルムごと取り出し、樹脂を冷却固化することで、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム2を目付165g/m2で得た。また、PPフィルム2の融点を測定した所、153℃であった。
長鎖分岐構造を有するポリプロピレン樹脂であるポリプロピレン樹脂1(日本ポリプロ(株)製、“ウェイマックス”(登録商標)MFX6)25重量%と、ポリプロピレン樹脂2(プライムポリマー(株)製、“プライムポリプロ”(登録商標)J3021GR)75重量%をブレンドし、押出機でコンパウンドした。コンパウンド樹脂を離型フィルムで挟み、スペーサーを挿入したプレス成形機で220℃、10分加圧後、離型フィルムごと取り出し、樹脂を冷却固化することで、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム3を目付165g/m2で得た。また、PPフィルム3の融点を測定した所、152℃であった。
長鎖分岐構造を有するポリプロピレン樹脂であるポリプロピレン樹脂1(日本ポリプロ(株)製、“ウェイマックス”(登録商標)MFX6)10重量%と、ポリプロピレン樹脂2(プライムポリマー(株)製、“プライムポリプロ”(登録商標)J3021GR)90重量%をブレンドし、押出機でコンパウンドした。コンパウンド樹脂を離型フィルムで挟み、スペーサーを挿入したプレス成形機で220℃、10分加圧後、離型フィルムごと取り出し、樹脂を冷却固化することで、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム4を目付165g/m2で得た。また、PPフィルム4の融点を測定した所、151℃であった。
ポリプロピレン樹脂2(プライムポリマー(株)製、“プライムポリプロ”(登録商標)J3021GR)を離型フィルムで挟み、スペーサーを挿入したプレス成形機で220℃、10分加圧後、離型フィルムごと取り出し、樹脂を冷却固化することで、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム5を目付165g/m2で得た。また、PPフィルム5の融点を測定した所、150℃であった。
長鎖分岐構造を有するポリスチレン樹脂であるポリスチレン樹脂1(東洋スチレン(株)製、“トーヨースチロールGP”HMT1)を離型フィルムで挟み、スペーサーを挿入したプレス成形機で240℃、10分加圧後、離型フィルムごと取り出し、樹脂を冷却固化することで、ポリスチレン樹脂フィルム1を目付193g/m2で得た。また、ポリスチレン樹脂フィルム1のTgを測定した所、103℃であった。
炭素繊維基材と、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム1を用いて、多孔質構造体を作製した。炭素繊維基材と、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルムを300mm×300mmのサイズに調整した後、[ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム1/炭素繊維基材/ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム1/炭素繊維基材/ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム1/炭素繊維基材/ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム1]の順に積層した。この積層体を離型フィルムで挟み、プレス成形機で180℃、5MPaで10分加圧することで、炭素繊維基材へのポリプロピレン樹脂の含浸を行った。その後、異なるプレス成形機で40℃、5MPaで積層体が冷えるまで冷却プレスすることで、繊維強化樹脂を作製した。
ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム1を、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム2に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、多孔質構造体を作製した。
ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム1を、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム3に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、多孔質構造体を作製した。
ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム1を、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム4に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、多孔質構造体を作製した。
炭素繊維基材と、ポリスチレン樹脂フィルム1を用いて、多孔質構造体を作製した。炭素繊維基材と、ポリスチレン樹脂フィルムを300mm×300mmのサイズに調整した後、[ポリスチレン樹脂フィルム1/炭素繊維基材/ポリスチレン樹脂フィルム1/炭素繊維基材/ポリスチレン樹脂フィルム1/炭素繊維基材/ポリスチレン樹脂フィルム1]の順に積層した。この積層体を離型フィルムで挟み、プレス成形機で240℃、5MPaで10分加圧することで、炭素繊維基材へのポリスチレン樹脂の含浸を行った。その後、異なるプレス成形機で40℃、5MPaで積層体が冷えるまで冷却プレスすることで、繊維強化樹脂を作製した。
ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム1を、ポリプロピレン樹脂フィルム5に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、多孔質構造体を作製した。
炭素繊維基材に使用するチョップドCFの繊維長を0.5mmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして、多孔質構造体を作製したが多孔質構造体の前駆体の膨脹力が不足していたため、意図した膨脹倍率まで膨脹せず、サンプルを作成することが出来なかった。
2. 強化繊維単糸(b)
3. 強化繊維単糸(b)
4. 強化繊維単糸(b)
5. 強化繊維単糸(b)
6. 二次元配向角
7. 強化繊維
8. 熱可塑性樹脂
9. 空隙
10. 熱可塑性樹脂の筋状構造
Claims (15)
- 強化繊維基材と熱可塑性樹脂を含む繊維強化樹脂であって、前記強化繊維基材は、繊維長2~10mmの強化繊維を、強化繊維の総量を100重量%として50~100重量%含み、かつ、熱可塑性樹脂が長鎖分岐構造を有する繊維強化樹脂。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂が、結晶性樹脂の場合は融点+30℃、非結晶性樹脂の場合にはTg+80℃の温度で、周波数0.001Hzで測定される溶融時複素粘度η(0.001)が3500Pa・s以上である、請求項1に記載の繊維強化樹脂。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂が、結晶性樹脂の場合は融点+30℃、非結晶性樹脂の場合にはTg+80℃の温度で測定される、周波数0.001Hzでの溶融時貯蔵弾性率G’(0.001)に対する周波数0.01Hzでの溶融時貯蔵弾性率のG’(0.01)の比、G’(0.01)/G’(0.001)が15以下である、請求項1または2に記載の繊維強化樹脂。
- 強化繊維の重量平均繊維長(Lw)と数平均繊維長(Ln)の比である、Lw/Lnが1~1.4である、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂。
- 強化繊維と熱可塑性樹脂の合計に対し、強化繊維を3~60体積%含む、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂が長鎖分岐構造を有し、分岐指数が0.5以上0.95以下である請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂が長鎖分岐構造を有し、分岐指数が0.8以上0.95以下である請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂のJISK7210:2014に準拠するメルトフローレートが1.0g/10分以上、40g/10分以下である、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂。
- 前記強化繊維基材が強化繊維によって形成された三次元網目構造を有する、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂。
- 前記強化繊維基材が不織布状である、請求項9に記載の繊維強化樹脂。
- 前記強化繊維基材が前記熱可塑性樹脂中に圧縮状態で固定化され、前記熱可塑性樹脂が結晶性樹脂の場合は融点+20℃以上、非晶性樹脂の場合にはTg+100℃の温度で加熱した際に膨脹性を有する、請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂がポリオレフィン系樹脂またはポリスチレン系樹脂である請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂
- 請求項9または10に記載の繊維強化樹脂の多孔質構造体であって、前記熱可塑性樹脂が、前記強化繊維基材の三次元網目構造の網目において、強化繊維同士を結着する筋状構造を形成するとともに、前記強化繊維および/または前記熱可塑性樹脂に包囲された、前記強化繊維も前記熱可塑性樹脂も存在しない領域としての空隙が形成されてなる多孔質構造体。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂による筋状構造が300μm以上連続して形成されている、請求項13に記載の多孔質構造体。
- 請求項1から12のいずれかに記載の繊維強化樹脂、または、請求項13または14に記載の多孔質構造体、を少なくとも一部に含む成形部材。
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JP2014208802A (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-11-06 | 日本ポリプロ株式会社 | 繊維強化ポリプロピレン系難燃樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた成形体 |
WO2017110532A1 (ja) | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | 東レ株式会社 | 構造体 |
JP2019019295A (ja) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-02-07 | 株式会社ジェイエスピー | スチレン系樹脂 |
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JPWO2022202515A1 (ja) | 2022-09-29 |
EP4317268A1 (en) | 2024-02-07 |
US20240158587A1 (en) | 2024-05-16 |
TW202302766A (zh) | 2023-01-16 |
CN117098799A (zh) | 2023-11-21 |
WO2022202512A1 (ja) | 2022-09-29 |
TW202302726A (zh) | 2023-01-16 |
CN117043239A (zh) | 2023-11-10 |
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US20240174822A1 (en) | 2024-05-30 |
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