WO2022201464A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池、分離膜及びこれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池、分離膜及びこれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022201464A1 WO2022201464A1 PCT/JP2021/012676 JP2021012676W WO2022201464A1 WO 2022201464 A1 WO2022201464 A1 WO 2022201464A1 JP 2021012676 W JP2021012676 W JP 2021012676W WO 2022201464 A1 WO2022201464 A1 WO 2022201464A1
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- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- separation membrane
- negative electrode
- positive electrode
- mass
- Prior art date
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBWRUMICILYTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;cobalt(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O SBWRUMICILYTAT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- YLHXLHGIAMFFBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl phenylglyoxalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YLHXLHGIAMFFBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to lithium ion secondary batteries, separation membranes, and manufacturing methods thereof.
- the present inventors considered disposing a separation membrane between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Separation membranes used for such applications desirably have high ionic conductivity.
- One aspect of the present invention is a separation membrane having high ionic conductivity, which is used in a lithium ion secondary battery in which the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer contain different solvents, and a lithium ion separator comprising the separation membrane.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery and a manufacturing method thereof.
- One aspect of the present invention is a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a positive electrode mixture layer, a separation membrane, and a negative electrode mixture layer in this order, wherein the positive electrode mixture layer comprises a positive electrode active material, a first lithium salt, and A first solvent is contained, the negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode active material, a second lithium salt, and a second solvent different from the first solvent, and the separation membrane has lithium ion conductivity
- a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a polymer, a third lithium salt, and a third solvent, wherein the polymer is a polymer of polymerizable components including a monomer and a thiol compound.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a positive electrode mixture layer containing a positive electrode active material, a first lithium salt, and a first solvent, and a negative electrode active material, a second lithium salt, and a first solvent. and a negative electrode mixture layer containing a different second solvent, a separation membrane to be disposed between the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer, the separator having lithium ion conductivity , a third lithium salt, and a third solvent, wherein the polymer is a polymer of polymerizable components including a monomer and a thiol compound.
- Another aspect of the present invention includes a step of obtaining a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode mixture layer containing a positive electrode active material, a first lithium salt, and a first solvent, a negative electrode active material, a second lithium salt, and a second A step of obtaining a negative electrode having a negative electrode mixture layer containing a second solvent different from the solvent of 1, a polymerizable component containing a monomer and a thiol compound, a third lithium salt, and a third solvent.
- a method for producing a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a step of forming a slurry into a film and then reacting a polymerizable component to obtain a separation membrane, and a step of providing a separation membrane between a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a positive electrode mixture layer containing a positive electrode active material, a first lithium salt, and a first solvent, and a negative electrode active material, a second lithium salt, and a first solvent.
- a method for producing a separation membrane to be disposed between a positive electrode mixture layer and a negative electrode mixture layer in a lithium ion secondary battery comprising a negative electrode mixture layer containing a different second solvent comprising: and a polymerizable component containing a thiol compound, a third lithium salt, and a third solvent, and then forming a slurry into a film, and then reacting the polymerizable component to obtain a separation membrane.
- a manufacturing method is provided.
- the thiol compound may have two or more thiol groups.
- the monomers may include a first monomer having two (meth)acryloyl groups and a second monomer having three or more (meth)acryloyl groups.
- a separation membrane having high ionic conductivity which is used in a lithium ion secondary battery containing different solvents in the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer, and the separation membrane It is possible to provide lithium ion secondary batteries and production methods thereof. According to one aspect of the present invention, it is possible to form the separation membrane in a shorter time. According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a separation membrane with improved productivity is provided. Since the separation membrane according to one aspect of the present invention has excellent film-forming properties, it is less likely to be subject to restrictions on the equipment used during film formation, and a separation membrane with a larger area can be produced more stably.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a lithium ion secondary battery according to one embodiment
- FIG. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of an electrode group in the lithium ion secondary battery shown in FIG. 1;
- the term "process” includes not only an independent process, but also when the intended action of the process is achieved even if it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes. .
- the numerical range indicated using “to” indicates the range including the numerical values before and after “to” as the minimum and maximum values, respectively.
- (meth)acrylic acid means acrylic acid or methacrylic acid corresponding thereto.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a lithium ion secondary battery according to one embodiment.
- a lithium ion secondary battery 1 according to one embodiment is a so-called laminated secondary battery that includes an electrode group 2 and a bag-shaped battery outer body 3 that houses the electrode group 2. be.
- the electrode group 2 is provided with a positive current collecting tab 4 and a negative current collecting tab 5 .
- the positive electrode current collector tab 4 and the negative electrode current collector tab 5 are provided in a battery outer body so that the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector (details will be described later) can be electrically connected to the outside of the lithium ion secondary battery 1. It protrudes from the inside of 3 to the outside.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 1 may have a shape other than the laminate type (coin type, cylindrical type, etc.).
- the battery outer package 3 may be a container formed of a laminated film, for example.
- the laminated film may be, for example, a laminated film in which a polymer film such as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a metal foil such as aluminum, copper, or stainless steel, and a sealant layer such as polypropylene are laminated in this order.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- metal foil such as aluminum, copper, or stainless steel
- sealant layer such as polypropylene
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing one embodiment of the electrode group 2 in the lithium ion secondary battery 1 shown in FIG.
- the electrode group 2 includes a positive electrode 6, a separation membrane 7, and a negative electrode 8 in this order.
- the positive electrode 6 includes a positive electrode current collector 9 and a positive electrode mixture layer 10 provided on the positive electrode current collector 9 .
- a positive current collector tab 4 is provided on the positive current collector 9 .
- the negative electrode 8 includes a negative electrode current collector 11 and a negative electrode mixture layer 12 provided on the negative electrode current collector 11 .
- a negative electrode collector tab 5 is provided on the negative electrode collector 11 .
- the positive electrode current collector 9 is made of, for example, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, calcined carbon, conductive polymer, conductive glass, or the like.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector 9 may be, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and may be 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the negative electrode current collector 11 is made of, for example, copper, stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, calcined carbon, conductive polymer, conductive glass, aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector 11 may be, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 10 contains a positive electrode active material, a lithium salt (first lithium salt), and a solvent (first solvent).
- the positive electrode active material may be, for example, lithium oxide.
- the positive electrode active material may be lithium phosphate.
- lithium phosphates include lithium manganese phosphate ( LiMnPO4 ), lithium iron phosphate ( LiFePO4 ), lithium cobalt phosphate ( LiCoPO4 ) and lithium vanadium phosphate ( Li3V2 ( PO4). 3 ).
- the content of the positive electrode active material may be 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, or 85% by mass or more based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the content of the positive electrode active material may be 95% by mass or less, 92% by mass or less, or 90% by mass or less based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the first lithium salt is, for example, LiPF6 , LiBF4, LiClO4, LiB( C6H5 ) 4 , LiCH3SO3 , CF3SO2OLi , LiN ( SO2F ) 2 ( LiFSI, lithium bis fluorosulfonylimide), LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (LiTFSI, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide), and LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 .
- LiPF6 LiBF4, LiClO4, LiB( C6H5 ) 4
- LiCH3SO3 , CF3SO2OLi LiN ( SO2F ) 2 ( LiFSI, lithium bis fluorosulfonylimide), LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (LiTFSI, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide), and LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 .
- the content of the first lithium salt may be 0.5 mol/L or more, 0.7 mol/L or more, or 0.8 mol/L or more, and is 1.5 mol/L. 1.3 mol/L or less, or 1.2 mol/L or less.
- the first solvent is a solvent for dissolving the first lithium salt.
- the first solvent include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate and difluoroethylene carbonate; chain carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate; Cyclic esters such as butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -hexanolactone, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxane, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, methoxyethoxyethane, glyme, diglyme, triglyme Ethers such as tetraglyme, phosphate esters such as phosphoric acid triester, nitriles such as acetonitrile, benzonitrile, adiponitrile, glut
- Solvents preferably used as the first solvent are solvents with excellent oxidation resistance, such as acetonitrile and ethylene carbonate. Thereby, the oxidation resistance of the positive electrode mixture layer 10 can be enhanced.
- the content of the first solvent contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 10 can be appropriately set within a range in which the first lithium salt can be dissolved. and may be 80% by mass or less.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 10 may further contain a binder and a conductive material as other components.
- the binder is a polymer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene tetrafluoride, vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, acrylic acid, maleic acid, ethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, and acrylonitrile as a monomer unit, styrene-butadiene It may be rubber such as rubber, isoprene rubber, acrylic rubber, or the like.
- the binder is preferably polyvinylidene fluoride or a copolymer containing hexafluoropropylene and vinylidene fluoride as monomer units.
- the content of the binder may be 0.3% by mass or more, 0.5% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, or 1.5% by mass or more based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer, or 10% by mass. % or less, 8 mass % or less, 6 mass % or less, or 4 mass % or less.
- the conductive material may be a carbon material such as carbon black, acetylene black, graphite, carbon fiber, or carbon nanotube. These conductive materials are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the conductive material may be 0.1% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, or 3% by mass or more based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer. From the viewpoint of suppressing the increase in the volume of the positive electrode 6 and the accompanying decrease in the energy density of the lithium ion secondary battery 1, the content of the conductive material is preferably 15% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer, and more. It is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 10 may be 5 ⁇ m or more, 10 ⁇ m or more, 15 ⁇ m or more, or 20 ⁇ m or more, and may be 100 ⁇ m or less, 80 ⁇ m or less, 70 ⁇ m or less, or 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 12 contains a negative electrode active material, a lithium salt (second lithium salt), and a solvent (second solvent).
- negative electrode active material those commonly used in the field of energy devices can be used.
- specific examples of negative electrode active materials include metal lithium, lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ), lithium alloys or other metal compounds, carbon materials, metal complexes, organic polymer compounds, and the like. . These negative electrode active materials are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Carbon materials include natural graphite (flaky graphite, etc.), graphite such as artificial graphite, amorphous carbon, carbon fiber, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black.
- the negative electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material containing silicon as a constituent element, a negative electrode active material containing tin as a constituent element, or the like.
- the negative electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material containing silicon as a constituent element.
- the negative electrode active material containing silicon as a constituent element may be an alloy containing silicon as a constituent element, for example, silicon and nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver, titanium, germanium, bismuth, It may be an alloy containing at least one selected from the group consisting of antimony and chromium as constituent elements.
- the negative electrode active material containing silicon as a constituent element may be an oxide , a nitride, or a carbide. It may be a silicon nitride such as 2N2O , a silicon carbide such as SiC, or the like.
- the content of the negative electrode active material may be 60% by mass or more, 65% by mass or more, or 70% by mass or more based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the content of the negative electrode active material may be 99% by mass or less, 95% by mass or less, or 90% by mass or less based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the type and content of the second lithium salt may be the same as those of the first lithium salt contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 10 described above.
- the second lithium salt may be the same as or different from the first lithium salt.
- the second solvent is a solvent for dissolving the second lithium salt.
- the same solvent as that used as the first solvent can be used, but a solvent different from the first solvent is used.
- suitable solvents can be used for the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 8, respectively, and various performances of the lithium ion secondary battery 1, such as improved energy density and improved life, can be improved.
- Solvents that are preferably used as the second solvent are solvents with excellent resistance to reduction, such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and tetrahydrofuran. Thereby, reductive decomposition of the second solvent contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 12 can be suppressed.
- the content of the second solvent contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 12 can be appropriately set within a range in which the second lithium salt can be dissolved. and may be 80% by mass or less.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 12 may further contain a binder and a conductive material as other components.
- the types and contents of the binder and the conductive material may be the same as the types and the contents of the binder and the conductive material in the positive electrode mixture layer 10 described above.
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer 12 may be 10 ⁇ m or more, 15 ⁇ m or more, or 20 ⁇ m or more, and may be 100 ⁇ m or less, 80 ⁇ m or less, 70 ⁇ m or less, 50 ⁇ m or less, 40 ⁇ m or less, or 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the separation membrane 7 is a separation membrane to be arranged between the positive electrode mixture layer 10 and the negative electrode mixture layer 12 in the lithium ion secondary battery 1 .
- This separation film has a role of separating the first solvent and the second solvent contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 10 and the negative electrode mixture layer 12 from each other and preventing them from being mixed with each other. It is possible to exchange lithium ions through the separation membrane 7 .
- the separation membrane 7 contains a polymer having lithium ion conductivity, a lithium salt (third lithium salt), and a solvent (third solvent).
- Polymers having lithium ion conductivity are polymers of polymerizable components including monomers and thiol compounds.
- a polymer having lithium ion conductivity means a polymer having the property of being able to conduct lithium ions derived from the lithium salt in the presence of the lithium salt. Whether or not a polymer can conduct lithium ions can be confirmed by measuring the ionic conductivity of the polymer, and the ionic conductivity measured when 1 to 40% by mass of a lithium salt is added to the polymer If the peak of is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S/cm or more, it can be said that the polymer has lithium ion conductivity.
- a polymer having lithium ion conductivity may be a polymer having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group and an ether group.
- Ether groups include linear ether groups and cyclic ether groups.
- polymers having lithium ion conductivity examples include polyalkyl (meth)acrylates such as polymethyl (meth)acrylate; poly(polyalkylene glycol di(meth)acrylates such as poly(polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate); acrylate); poly(meth)acrylic acid; polyacrylamide; polymethacrylamide; poly N-isopropylacrylamide; be done.
- polyalkyl (meth)acrylates such as polymethyl (meth)acrylate
- poly(polyalkylene glycol di(meth)acrylates such as poly(polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate); acrylate); poly(meth)acrylic acid; polyacrylamide; polymethacrylamide; poly N-isopropylacrylamide; be done.
- the monomers in the polymerizable component may include a first monomer having two (meth)acryloyl groups and a second monomer having three or more (meth)acryloyl groups. In this case, it is possible to form a separation film that is thinner and has a lower resistance value.
- the first monomer is a compound having two (meth)acryloyl groups and a linking group that links the two (meth)acryloyl groups.
- the linking group may contain hydrocarbon groups and/or heteroatom-containing groups.
- the linking group may include an oxygen atom-containing group as a heteroatom-containing group, such as an ether group (--O--).
- a linking group may be a divalent group consisting of a hydrocarbon group (eg, an alkylene group) and a heteroatom-containing group (eg, an ether group), such as a polyoxyalkylene group or an oxyalkylene group.
- the first monomer may be a monomer represented by formula (1-1) below.
- R 11 and R 12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group (--CH 3 ).
- n represents an integer of 1 or more. n may be, for example, 5 or more, 10 or more, 15 or more, 20 or more, 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, or 25 or less.
- Z 11 represents an alkylene group.
- Z 11 may be, for example, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 or 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- Z 11 can be, for example, -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -.
- the ionic conductivity of the first monomer at 25° C. may be, for example, 0.01 mS/cm or more, 0.05 mS/cm or more, or 0.10 mS/cm or more, 1.0 mS/cm or less, 0.1 mS/cm or more. It may be 50 mS/cm or less, or 0.30 mS/cm or less.
- the ionic conductivity of the first monomer at 25° C. can be measured by the following method.
- a slurry is prepared by mixing the first monomer, lithium salt, solvent, and photoinitiator.
- a silicon rubber frame (4 ⁇ 4 cm, 1 mm thick) is placed on a PET sheet (8 ⁇ 8 cm, 0.035 mm thick), and the prepared slurry is placed in the frame. Thereafter, ultraviolet light (wavelength: 365 nm) is irradiated to polymerize the first monomer, thereby obtaining a separation membrane.
- the separation membrane is removed from the frame and subjected to the tests described below.
- the lithium salt may be LiN( SO2CF3 ) 2 ( LiTFSI, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide).
- the solvent may be 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMI-TFSI).
- the photoinitiator may be 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone.
- the irradiation time of ultraviolet light (wavelength 365 nm) may be 15 minutes.
- polyethylene glycol #1000 diacrylate for example, trade name: NK Ester A-1000, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.
- polyethylene glycol #800 diacrylate for example, trade name: NK Ester A-800 , manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the first monomer may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the first polymer contained as a monomer unit in the polymer may be 5% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, or 15% by mass or more, and may be 70% by mass or less, 60% by mass or less, based on the total weight of the separation membrane. % by mass or less, or 50% by mass or less.
- a second monomer is a monomer having three or more (meth)acryloyl groups.
- the number of (meth)acryloyl groups in the second monomer may be, for example, 3-6, 3-4, or 4.
- the second monomer may be a compound having three or more (meth)acryloyl groups and a linking group linking these (meth)acryloyl groups.
- the linking group may contain hydrocarbon groups and/or heteroatom-containing groups.
- the linking group may include an oxygen atom-containing group as a heteroatom-containing group, such as an ether group (--O--).
- a linking group may be a divalent group consisting of a hydrocarbon group (eg, an alkylene group) and a heteroatom-containing group (eg, an ether group), such as a polyoxyalkylene group or an oxyalkylene group.
- the second monomer having three (meth)acryloyl groups may be a monomer represented by the following formula (1-2).
- R 13 , R 14 and R 15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 each independently represent an alkylene group.
- the alkylene group represented by Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 may be an alkylene group having 1 to 6 or 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and may be a methylene group (--CH 2 --).
- Z5 represents an alkyl group.
- Z 5 may be, for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 10, 1 to 6 or 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or may be an ethyl group (--CH 2 --CH 3 ).
- a monovalent hydrocarbon group represented by X may be, for example, an alkyl group.
- Examples of the second monomer having three (meth)acryloyl groups include trimethylolpropane triacrylate (eg, trade name: NK Ester A-TMPT, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- the second monomer having four (meth)acryloyl groups may be a monomer represented by the following formula (1-3).
- R 16 , R 17 , R 18 and R 19 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Z 6 , Z 7 , Z 8 and Z 9 each independently represent an alkylene group.
- the alkylene group represented by Z 2 , Z 3 and Z 4 may be an alkylene group having 1 to 6 or 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and may be an ethylene group (--CH 2 --CH 2 --).
- a, b, c and d each independently represent an integer of 0 or more or 1 or more.
- a+b+c+d may be 4 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, or 30 or more, and may be 50 or less, or 40 or less.
- Examples of the second monomer having three (meth)acryloyl groups include ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (eg, trade name: NK Ester A-TM35E, manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- the ionic conductivity of the second monomer at 25° C. may be, for example, 0.001 mS/cm or more, or 0.01 mS/cm or more, and 0.5 mS/cm or less, or 0.05 mS/cm or less. you can The ionic conductivity of the second monomer at 25°C can be measured using the second monomer by the same method as the method for measuring the ionic conductivity of the first monomer at 25°C. In the measurement of the ionic conductivity of the second monomer at 25° C., the ultraviolet light (wavelength: 365 nm) irradiation time may be 2 minutes.
- the second monomer may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the second polymer contained as a monomer unit in the polymer may be 5% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, or 15% by mass or more, 70% by mass or less, 60% by mass or less, based on the total weight of the separation membrane. % by mass or less, or 50% by mass or less.
- the ratio (C2/C1) of the mass (C2) of the second monomer to the mass (C1) of the first monomer, contained as a monomer unit in the polymer, further lowers the resistance value of the separation membrane. can be 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or 1/2 or less.
- the ratio (C2/C1) of the mass (C2) of the second monomer to the mass (C1) of the first monomer, which is contained as a monomer unit in the polymer, is such that the separation ability of the separation membrane is even more excellent. 1/5 or more, 1/4 or more, 1/3 or more, 1/2 or more, 1 or more, or 2 or more.
- the total content of monomers contained as monomer units may be 60% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, or 80% by mass or more, and may be 90% by mass or less, 80% by mass or less, or 70% by mass or less. you can
- a thiol compound is a compound having at least one thiol group (-SH).
- a separation membrane comprising a polymer formed by a polymerization reaction in the presence of a thiol compound has high ionic conductivity.
- the polymerizable component contains a thiol compound, it becomes possible to form a film in a shorter time. Although there are no particular restrictions on the reason why the film can be formed in a shorter time, the following reasons are conceivable.
- a thiol compound takes a radical from a long-chain polymer whose reactivity has decreased during the course of the polymerization reaction, and generates a thiyl radical (--S.). Since thiyl radicals can react with other moderate polymers and/or unreacted monomers, it is believed that the generation of thiyl radicals accelerates the polymerization reaction, resulting in faster film formation. be done.
- the number of thiol groups per molecule of the thiol compound is 1 or more, and may be, for example, 2 or more, 3 or more, or 4 or more, and may be 4 or less, or 3 or less.
- the thiol compound may have a primary thiol group or a secondary thiol group.
- the thiol group in the thiol compound may be a secondary thiol group from the viewpoint of enabling film formation in a much shorter time.
- the thiol compound may be a compound having 3 to 4 secondary thiol groups from the viewpoint of having higher ion conductivity and from the viewpoint of enabling film formation in a shorter time.
- a secondary thiol group is a thiol group attached to a carbon atom that is attached to two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom.
- the thiol compound may be a compound represented by the following formula (1-4).
- X 1 , X 2 and X 3 each independently represent a monovalent group having a thiol group
- Y 1 is an alkyl group or —OX 4
- X 4 represents a monovalent group having a thiol group.
- Y 1 may be an alkyl group having 1 to 8, 1 to 6, or 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and may be a methyl group.
- a monovalent group having a thiol group may be a group having a secondary thiol group and represented by the following formula (1-5).
- Y 2 represents an alkylene group.
- Y 2 may be an alkylene group having 1 to 8, 1 to 6, or 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and may be a methylene group ( --CH.sub.2--).
- * indicates a bond (bonding site with oxygen atom).
- thiol compounds examples include pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptobutyrate) (eg, Showa Denko Co., Ltd. "Karens MT (registered trademark) PE-1"), trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptobutyrate). (For example, "Karenzu MT (registered trademark) TPMB” manufactured by Showa Denko KK) can be mentioned.
- the thiol compounds exemplified above can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the thiol compound is 1% by mass or more, 2% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the separation membrane, from the viewpoint of further improving the separation ability of the separation membrane and from the viewpoint of further increasing the ion conductivity of the separation membrane. , 3% by mass or more, or 4% by mass or more, and may be 20% by mass or less, or 15% by mass or less.
- the polymer content may be 60% by mass or more, 70% by mass or more, or 80% by mass or more, and may be 90% by mass or less, 80% by mass or less, or 70% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the separation membrane. .
- the type of the third lithium salt may be the same as the first lithium salt contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 10 described above.
- the third lithium salt may be the same as the first lithium salt and/or the second lithium salt, or different from the first lithium salt and/or the second lithium salt.
- the content of the third lithium salt is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 13% by mass, based on the total amount of the third lithium salt and the third solvent. % or more, more preferably 15 mass % or more.
- the content of the third lithium salt is preferably 35% by mass or less, more preferably 23% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the third lithium salt and the third solvent, from the viewpoint of the viscosity of the solvent. Preferably, it is 20% by mass or less.
- the content of the third lithium salt is preferably 2% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass or more, and still more preferably 5% by mass, based on the total amount of the separation membrane. That's it.
- the content of the third lithium salt is preferably 12% by mass or less, more preferably 9% by mass or less, and even more preferably 6% by mass, based on the total amount of the separation membrane. It is below.
- the third solvent is a solvent for dissolving the third lithium salt.
- the third solvent is preferably an ionic liquid or glyme represented by the following formula (2), more preferably an ionic liquid.
- R 21 and R 22 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and k represents an integer of 3 to 6.
- the ionic liquid contains the following anionic and cationic components.
- the ionic liquid in this specification is a substance that is liquid at -20°C or higher.
- the anion component of the ionic liquid is not particularly limited, but includes halogen anions such as Cl ⁇ , Br ⁇ and I ⁇ , inorganic anions such as BF 4 ⁇ and N(SO 2 F) 2 ⁇ ([FSI] ⁇ ), B (C 6 H 5 ) 4 ⁇ , CH 3 SO 2 O ⁇ , CF 3 SO 2 O ⁇ , N(SO 2 C 4 F 9 ) 2 ⁇ , N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ⁇ ([TFSI] ⁇ ) , N(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 — and other organic anions.
- the anion component of the ionic liquid preferably contains at least one anion component represented by the following formula (3).
- the anion component represented by formula (3) is, for example, N(SO 2 C 4 F 9 ) 2 ⁇ , N(SO 2 F) 2 ⁇ ([FSI] ⁇ ), N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ⁇ ([TFSI] ⁇ ) and N(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 ⁇ .
- the anion component of the ionic liquid is more preferably N(SO 2 C 4 F 9 ) 2 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 2 O ⁇ , [FSI] ⁇ . , [TFSI] ⁇ , and N(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 ⁇ , more preferably [FSI] ⁇ .
- the cationic component of the ionic liquid is not particularly limited, it is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of chain quaternary onium cations, piperidinium cations, pyrrolidinium cations, pyridinium cations, and imidazolium cations.
- a chain quaternary onium cation is, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (4).
- R 31 to R 34 are each independently a chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a chain alkoxyalkyl group represented by RO-(CH 2 ) n - (R represents a methyl group or an ethyl group, n represents an integer of 1 to 4), and X represents a nitrogen atom or a phosphorus atom.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group represented by R 31 to R 34 is preferably 1-20, more preferably 1-10, still more preferably 1-5.
- the piperidinium cation is, for example, a nitrogen-containing six-membered cyclic compound represented by the following formula (5).
- R 35 and R 36 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group represented by R—O—(CH 2 ) n — (R is methyl group or an ethyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4).
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group represented by R 35 and R 36 is preferably 1-20, more preferably 1-10, still more preferably 1-5. ]
- a pyrrolidinium cation is, for example, a five-membered cyclic compound represented by the following formula (6).
- R 37 and R 38 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group represented by R—O—(CH 2 ) n — (R is methyl group or an ethyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4).
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group represented by R 37 and R 38 is preferably 1-20, more preferably 1-10, still more preferably 1-5.
- a pyridinium cation is, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (7).
- R 39 to R 43 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group represented by RO-(CH 2 ) n - (R is a methyl group, or an ethyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4), or a hydrogen atom.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group represented by R 39 to R 43 is preferably 1-20, more preferably 1-10, still more preferably 1-5.
- the imidazolium cation is, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (8).
- R 44 to R 48 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl group represented by R—O—(CH 2 ) n — (R is a methyl group, or an ethyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 4), or a hydrogen atom.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group represented by R 44 to R 48 is preferably 1-20, more preferably 1-10, still more preferably 1-5.
- the ionic liquid is more specifically N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (DEME-TFSI), N,N-diethyl-N -methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium-bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (DEME-FSI), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMI-TFSI), 1- Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (EMI-FSI), N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidinium-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Py13-TFSI), N-methyl-N- Propylpyrrolidinium-bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (P
- R 21 and R 22 each independently represent an alkyl group having 4 or less carbon atoms or a fluoroalkyl group having 4 or less carbon atoms, and k represents an integer from 1 to 6.
- R 21 and R 22 are each independently preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- the separation membrane 7 contains glyme as a solvent, part or all of the glyme may form a complex with the lithium salt (third lithium salt).
- the content of the third solvent is 40% by mass or less, 38% by mass or less based on the total amount of the separation membrane, from the viewpoint of obtaining the separation membrane 7 having excellent separation ability of the solvents (first solvent and second solvent). 35% by mass or less, 33% by mass or less, 30% by mass or less, 25% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less, 18% by mass or less, 15% by mass or less, 13% by mass or less, or 10% by mass or less . From the viewpoint of further increasing the ionic conductivity of the separation membrane 7, the content of the third solvent is 5% by mass or more, 8% by mass or more, 18% by mass or more, or 27% by mass or more based on the total amount of the separation membrane. may
- the content of the third solvent can be measured by the method shown below. First, after diluting the separation membrane about 10 times with methanol, extraction is performed for 15 minutes by ultrasonic irradiation to obtain an extract. 1.0 ⁇ L of this extract is injected into the gas chromatograph to perform gas chromatograph mass spectrometry. Specific conditions for gas chromatography mass spectrometry are as follows.
- the separation membrane 7 may further contain, for example, inorganic oxide particles as other components, or may not contain them in order to further improve the ionic conductivity of the separation membrane.
- the thickness of the separation membrane 7 may be 80 ⁇ m or more or 85 ⁇ m or less, and may be 400 ⁇ m or less, 300 ⁇ m or less, 200 ⁇ m or less, or 100 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of further enhancing the separation ability of the separation membrane 7 .
- the ionic conductivity of the separation membrane may be, for example, more than 0.05 mS/cm, or 0.06 mS/cm or more, and may be, for example, 0.15 mS/cm or less.
- the ionic conductivity of the separation membrane is measured by the method described in Examples below.
- a method for manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery 1 includes steps of obtaining a positive electrode 6 including a positive electrode mixture layer 10 containing a positive electrode active material, a first lithium salt, and a first solvent; a step of obtaining a negative electrode 8 comprising a negative electrode mixture layer 12 containing a substance, a second lithium salt, and a second solvent different from the first solvent; A step of forming a slurry containing a lithium salt and a third solvent into a film and then polymerizing a polymerizable component to obtain a separation membrane 7; and a step of providing.
- the order of each step is arbitrary.
- the positive electrode active material, the first lithium salt, the first solvent, the negative electrode active material, the second lithium salt, the second solvent, the third lithium salt, and the third solvent are specifically Aspects are as described above.
- the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 8 can be obtained using a known method.
- a material used for the positive electrode mixture layer 10 or the negative electrode mixture layer 12 is dispersed in an appropriate amount of dispersion medium using a kneader, a disperser, or the like to obtain a slurry of the positive electrode mixture or the negative electrode mixture.
- the positive electrode mixture or the negative electrode mixture is applied onto the positive electrode current collector 9 or the negative electrode current collector 11 by a doctor blade method, a dipping method, a spray method, or the like, and the dispersion medium is volatilized to obtain the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode mixture.
- a negative electrode 8 is obtained.
- the dispersion medium may be water, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), or the like.
- a slurry containing a polymerizable component containing a monomer and a thiol compound, a third lithium salt, and a third solvent is prepared.
- the polymerizable component including monomers and thiol compounds are as described above.
- the total content of monomers in the slurry may be 60% by mass or more, or 70% by mass or more, and may be 90% by mass or less, or 80% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the slurry.
- the content of the thiol compound in the slurry may be 1 part by mass or more, 2 parts by mass or more, 3 parts by mass or more, or 4 parts by mass or more with respect to the total amount of 100 parts by mass of the monomers, and may be 20 parts by mass or less, Alternatively, it may be 15 parts by mass or less.
- the content of the third solvent in the slurry is 40% by mass or less, 38% by mass or less, 35% by mass or less, 33% by mass or less, 30% by mass or less, 25% by mass or less, and 20% by mass or less based on the total amount of the slurry. , 18% by mass or less, 15% by mass or less, 13% by mass or less, or 10% by mass or less.
- the content of the third solvent is 5% by mass or more, 8% by mass or more, 18% by mass or more, or 27% by mass or more based on the total amount of the slurry. good too. Thereby, the content of the third solvent contained in the separation membrane 7 can be set within the range described above.
- a polymerization initiator may be added to the slurry. Thereby, the polymerizable compound can be favorably polymerized, and the separation membrane can be favorably produced from the slurry.
- the polymerization initiator may be a thermal polymerization initiator or a photopolymerization initiator, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- Thermal polymerization initiators include azobisisobutyronitrile and azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile).
- photopolymerization initiators examples include 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropanone and diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide.
- the content of the polymerization initiator may be 0.5% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, or 20% by mass or more, 50% by mass or less, 40% by mass or less, It may be 30% by mass or less, 10% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, or 3% by mass or less.
- the slurry may further contain an inorganic filler as another component, or may contain no inorganic filler.
- the above-described slurry is formed into a film, and then the polymerizable component is polymerized.
- a method of forming the slurry into a film is, for example, a method of setting a frame of arbitrary size on one side of a base material such as a PET sheet and pouring the slurry into the frame.
- the slurry may be formed into a film by applying the slurry onto one surface of the substrate by a doctor blade method, dipping method, spray method, or the like.
- the method for polymerizing the polymerizable component is to apply heat under predetermined conditions.
- the heating temperature may be, for example, 80-90°C.
- the heating time may be appropriately adjusted depending on the heating temperature, and is, for example, 1 to 10 minutes.
- the method of polymerizing the polymerizable component is a method of irradiating light under predetermined conditions.
- the polymerizable compound may be polymerized by irradiation with light containing wavelengths within the range of 200-400 nm (ultraviolet light).
- the positive electrode 6, the separation film 7 and the negative electrode 8 are laminated by lamination, for example.
- the electrode group 2 including the positive electrode 6, the negative electrode 8, and the separation film 7 provided between the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 8 can be obtained.
- the lithium ion secondary battery 1 can be obtained by housing the electrode group 2 in the battery outer package 3 .
- a monomer represented by the following formula (A) (n 23 in the formula, trade name: NK Ester A-1000, manufactured by Shin Nakamura Chemical Co.
- Table 1 shows the composition of each material.
- a silicon rubber frame (4 ⁇ 4 cm, 1 mm thick) was placed on a PET sheet (8 ⁇ 8 cm, 0.035 mm thick), and the prepared slurry was placed in the frame. Thereafter, the slurry was irradiated with ultraviolet light (wavelength: 365 nm) to polymerize the monomer, thereby obtaining a separation membrane. The separation membrane was removed from the frame and subjected to the tests described below.
- the separation film formation time (minimum exposure time) was 50 seconds.
- Example 2 Separation membranes were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the slurry was changed as shown in Table 1.
- the separation film formation time (minimum exposure time) was 30 seconds.
- Example 3 Separation membranes were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the slurry was changed as shown in Table 1.
- the separation film formation time (minimum exposure time) was 20 seconds.
- Example 4 Separation membranes were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of the slurry was changed as shown in Table 1.
- the separation film formation time (minimum exposure time) was 20 seconds.
- the ionic conductivity of the separation membranes was evaluated by fabricating test cells using the separation membranes of Examples and Comparative Examples. First, an upper lid (CR2032 cap, manufactured by Hosensha), a 1.6 mm thick plate spring, a 1.0 mm thick SUS spacer (2 pieces), a separation membrane, a gasket, a lower lid (CR2032 case, manufactured by Hosensha ) were laminated in order, the upper lid and the lower lid were crimped to prepare a test cell, and the bulk resistance of the separation membrane was measured.
- the measurement equipment and measurement conditions were as follows. Measurement device: VSP electrochemical measurement system (manufactured by BioLogic) Measurement temperature: 25°C AC amplitude: 10mV Frequency range: 10mHz to 1MHz
- the separation membranes according to Examples had higher ionic conductivity than the separation membranes according to Comparative Examples.
- the separation membrane according to the example could be formed in a shorter time than the separation membrane according to the comparative example.
- a separation membrane according to an example or a comparative example and a separator are stacked and sandwiched between two silicon rubber (thickness: 0.5 mm) sheets. placed in Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was put into the cell on the separation membrane side, and the appearance of the separator was visually observed after a predetermined number of days had passed. If the separation membrane has excellent solvent separation ability, DMC does not easily permeate through the separation membrane. Penetrate the separator. Therefore, by observing the appearance of the separator and confirming whether or not DMC has permeated into the separator, it is possible to evaluate the solvent separation ability of the separation membrane (solvents corresponding to the first solvent and the second solvent). can.
- DMC Dimethyl carbonate
- the separation membranes according to the examples did not permeate DMC into the separator even after 3 days from the start of the test, and were shown to be separation membranes with excellent solvent separation ability.
- SYMBOLS 1 Lithium ion secondary battery, 2... Electrode group, 3... Battery outer body, 4... Positive electrode collector tab, 5... Negative electrode collector tab, 6... Positive electrode, 7... Separation membrane, 8... Negative electrode, 9... Positive electrode collector 10. Positive electrode mixture layer, 11. Negative electrode current collector, 12. Negative electrode mixture layer.
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において「~」を用いて示された数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値をそれぞれ最小値および最大値として含む範囲を示す。
本明細書において組成物中の各成分の量について言及する場合、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合には、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
<イオン電導度を測定するための分離膜の作製>
第1のモノマ、リチウム塩、溶媒、及び光重合開始剤を混合して、スラリを調製する。PET製のシート(8×8cm、厚さ0.035mm)の上にシリコンゴム製の枠(4×4cm、厚さ1mm)を設置し、枠の中に調製したスラリを入れる。その後、紫外光(波長365nm)を照射して第1のモノマを重合させることにより、分離膜を得る。分離膜を枠から外して、以下に示す試験に供する。ここで、リチウム塩は、LiN(SO2CF3)2(LiTFSI、リチウムビストリフルオロメタンスルホニルイミド)であってよい。溶媒は、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム-ビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(EMI-TFSI)であってよい。光重合開始剤は、2-ヒドロキシ-2-メチル-1-フェニルプロパノンであってよい。紫外光(波長365nm)の照射時間は、15分間であってよい。
<イオン伝導度の測定>
分離膜を用いて試験用セルを作製することにより、分離膜のイオン伝導度を評価する。上蓋(CR2032用キャップ、宝泉社製)、1.6mm厚の板バネ、1.0mm厚のSUS製スペーサ(2枚)、分離膜、ガスケット、下蓋(CR2032用ケース、宝泉社製)の順にこれらを積層し、上蓋と下蓋をかしめて試験用セルを作製する。測定装置及び測定条件は下記のとおりである。
測定装置:VSP 電気化学測定システム(BioLogic社製)
測定温度:25℃
AC振幅:10mV
周波数範囲:10mHz~1MHz
測定後、下記の式(α)に従い分離膜のイオン伝導度を算出した。
σ=L/RA・・・(α)
σ(S/cm):イオン伝導度
L(cm):分離膜の厚さ
R(Ω):バルク抵抗
A(cm2):SUS製スペーサの断面積
R21O-(CH2CH2O)k-R22 (2)
[式(2)中、R21及びR22はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1~4のアルキル基を示し、kは3~6の整数を示す。]
N(SO2CmF2m+1)(SO2CnF2n+1)- (3)
[式(3)中、m及びnは、それぞれ独立に0~5の整数を表す。m及びnは、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、好ましくは互いに同一である。]
装置名:GC-4000(GLサイエンス社製)
キャリアガス:ヘリウム 5.0mL/分
カラム:TC-WAX ポリエチレングリコール(0.53mm I.D.×30m、1.0μL)
スプリット比:1/10
注入温度:250℃
検出温度:250℃
オーブン温度:60℃(1分間)から20℃/分で昇温→240℃
検出器:水素炎イオン化型検出器(FID)
レンジ:102
下記式(A)で表されるモノマ(式中のn=23、商品名:NKエステルA-1000、新中村化学工業社製)、下記式(B)で表されるモノマ(式中のa+b+c+d=35、商品名:NKエステルATM-35E、新中村化学工業社製)、リチウム塩(LiTFSI)、溶媒(EMI-TFSI)、及び光重合開始剤(ベンゾイルぎ酸メチル(Methylbenzoylformate))、及び、下記式(C)で表されるチオール化合物(ペンタエリスリトール テトラキス(3-メルカプトブチレート)、商品名:カレンズMT(登録商標)PE1、昭和電工株式会社社製)を混合して、スラリを調製した。各材料の組成を表1に示す。PET製のシート(8×8cm、厚さ0.035mm)の上にシリコンゴム製の枠(4×4cm、厚さ1mm)を設置し、枠の中に調製したスラリを入れた。その後、スラリに対して紫外光(波長365nm)を照射して、モノマを重合させることにより、分離膜を得た。分離膜を枠から外して、以下に示す試験に供した。分離膜の成膜時間(最小露光時間)は、50秒間であった。
スラリの組成を表1に示すとおりに変更し、実施例1と同様の方法により、分離膜を作製した。分離膜の成膜時間(最小露光時間)は、30秒間であった。
スラリの組成を表1に示すとおりに変更し、実施例1と同様の方法により、分離膜を作製した。分離膜の成膜時間(最小露光時間)は、20秒間であった。
スラリの組成を表1に示すとおりに変更し、実施例1と同様の方法により、分離膜を作製した。分離膜の成膜時間(最小露光時間)は、20秒間であった。
スラリの組成を表1に示すとおりに変更し、実施例1と同様の方法により、分離膜を作製した。分離膜の成膜時間(最小露光時間)は、60秒間であった。
実施例及び比較例に係る分離膜を用いて試験用セルを作製することにより、分離膜のイオン伝導度を評価した。まず、上蓋(CR2032用キャップ、宝泉社製)、1.6mm厚の板バネ、1.0mm厚のSUS製スペーサ(2枚)、分離膜、ガスケット、下蓋(CR2032用ケース、宝泉社製)の順にこれらを積層し、上蓋と下蓋をかしめて試験用セルを作製し、分離膜のバルク抵抗を測定した。測定装置及び測定条件は下記のとおりとした。
測定装置:VSP 電気化学測定システム(BioLogic社製)
測定温度:25℃
AC振幅:10mV
周波数範囲:10mHz~1MHz
σ=L/RA・・・(α)
σ(S/cm):イオン伝導度
L(cm):分離膜の厚さ
R(Ω):バルク抵抗
A(cm2):SUS製スペーサの断面積
実施例又は比較例に係る分離膜と、セパレータ(UP3085、宇部興産社製)とを重ね、これらを2枚のシリコンゴム(厚み0.5mm)製シートで挟んだものを、H型セルの間に配置した。分離膜側のセルにジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を入れ、所定日数経過後のセパレータの外観を目視にて観察した。分離膜が溶媒分離能力に優れていると、DMCが分離膜を透過しにくいため、セパレータにDMCが浸透しにくいが、溶媒分離能力に劣る分離膜であれば、DMCが分離膜を透過してセパレータに浸透する。よって、セパレータの外観を観察し、セパレータへのDMCの浸透の有無を確認することにより、分離膜の溶媒(第1の溶媒及び第2の溶媒に相当する溶媒)の分離能力を評価することができる。
Claims (12)
- 正極合剤層、分離膜、及び負極合剤層をこの順に備えるリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
前記正極合剤層が、正極活物質、第1のリチウム塩、及び第1の溶媒を含有し、
前記負極合剤層が、負極活物質、第2のリチウム塩、及び前記第1の溶媒とは異なる第2の溶媒を含有し、
前記分離膜が、リチウムイオン伝導性を有するポリマ、第3のリチウム塩、及び第3の溶媒を含有し、
前記ポリマが、モノマ及びチオール化合物を含む重合性成分の重合物である、リチウムイオン二次電池。 - 前記チオール化合物が、2つ以上のチオール基を有する、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記モノマが、2つの(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第1のモノマと、3つ以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第2のモノマと、を含む、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 正極活物質、第1のリチウム塩、及び第1の溶媒を含有する正極合剤層と、負極活物質、第2のリチウム塩、及び前記第1の溶媒とは異なる第2の溶媒を含有する負極合剤層と、を備えるリチウムイオン二次電池において、前記正極合剤層及び前記負極合剤層の間に配置されるための分離膜であって、
リチウムイオン伝導性を有するポリマ、第3のリチウム塩、及び第3の溶媒を含有し、
前記ポリマが、モノマ及びチオール化合物を含む重合性成分の重合物である、分離膜。 - 前記チオール化合物が、2つ以上のチオール基を有する、請求項1に記載の分離膜。
- 前記モノマが、2つの(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第1のモノマと、3つ以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第2のモノマと、を含む、請求項4に記載の分離膜。
- 正極活物質、第1のリチウム塩、及び第1の溶媒を含有する正極合剤層を備える正極を得る工程、
負極活物質、第2のリチウム塩、及び前記第1の溶媒とは異なる第2の溶媒を含有する負極合剤層を備える負極を得る工程、
モノマ及びチオール化合物を含む重合性成分と、第3のリチウム塩と、第3の溶媒と、を含有するスラリを膜状に成形してから、前記重合性成分を反応させることにより分離膜を得る工程、並びに、
前記正極と前記負極との間に、前記分離膜を設ける工程と、を備える、リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記チオール化合物が、2つ以上のチオール基を有する、請求項7に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記モノマが、2つの(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第1のモノマと、3つ以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第2のモノマと、を含む、請求項7又は8に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。
- 正極活物質、第1のリチウム塩、及び第1の溶媒を含有する正極合剤層と、負極活物質、第2のリチウム塩、及び前記第1の溶媒とは異なる第2の溶媒を含有する負極合剤層と、を備えるリチウムイオン二次電池において、前記正極合剤層及び前記負極合剤層の間に配置されるための分離膜の製造方法であって、
モノマ及びチオール化合物を含む重合性成分と、第3のリチウム塩と、第3の溶媒とを含有するスラリを膜状に成形してから前記重合性成分を反応させることにより分離膜を得る工程を備える、製造方法。 - 前記チオール化合物が、2つ以上のチオール基を有する、請求項10に記載の製造方法。
- 前記モノマが、2つの(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第1のモノマと、3つ以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する第2のモノマと、を含む、請求項10又は11に記載の製造方法。
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