JP6950855B1 - リチウムイオン二次電池、分離膜及びこれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池、分離膜及びこれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6950855B1 JP6950855B1 JP2021523094A JP2021523094A JP6950855B1 JP 6950855 B1 JP6950855 B1 JP 6950855B1 JP 2021523094 A JP2021523094 A JP 2021523094A JP 2021523094 A JP2021523094 A JP 2021523094A JP 6950855 B1 JP6950855 B1 JP 6950855B1
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- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
R21O−(CH2CH2O)k−R22 (2)
[式(2)中、R21及びR22はそれぞれ独立に炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を示し、kは3〜6の整数を示す。]
N(SO2CmF2m+1)(SO2CnF2n+1)− (3)
[式(3)中、m及びnは、それぞれ独立に0〜5の整数を表す。m及びnは、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、好ましくは互いに同一である。]
下記式(9)で表される重合性化合物(式中のn=14、商品名:NKエステルA−600、新中村化学工業社製)、リチウム塩(LiTFSI)、溶媒(ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(ジグライム))、及び熱重合開始剤(アゾビスイソブチロニトリル)を混合して、スラリを調製した。各材料の組成を表1に示す。PET製のシート(8×8cm、厚さ0.035mm)の上にシリコンゴム製の枠(4×4cm、厚さ1mm)を設置し、枠の中に調製したスラリを入れた。その後、ホットプレートを用いて、80℃で3分間加熱して重合性化合物を重合させることにより、分離膜を得た。分離膜を枠から外して、以下に示す試験に供した。
スラリの加熱条件を表1に示すとおりに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法により分離膜を作製した。
スラリの組成及び加熱条件を表1に示すとおりに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法により分離膜を作製した。
スラリに無機酸化物粒子(SiO2)を添加し、スラリの加熱条件を表1に示すとおりに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法により分離膜を作製した。
上記式(9)で表される重合性化合物(式中のn=14、商品名:NKエステルA−600、新中村化学工業社製)、リチウム塩(LiTFSI)、溶媒(EMI−TFSI)、及び光重合開始剤(2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル−1−フェニルプロパノン)を混合して、スラリを調製した。各材料の組成を表2に示す。PET製のシート(8×8cm、厚さ0.035mm)の上にシリコンゴム製の枠(4×4cm、厚さ1mm)を設置し、枠の中に調製したスラリを入れた。その後、紫外光(波長365nm)を30分間照射して重合性化合物を重合させることにより、分離膜を得た。分離膜を枠から外して、以下に示す試験に供した。
スラリの組成を表2に示すとおりに変更した以外は、実施例6と同様の方法により分離膜を作製した。
スラリの組成及びスラリの加熱条件を表2に示すとおりに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法により分離膜を作製した。
スラリに無機酸化物粒子(SiO2)を添加した以外は、比較例1と同様の方法により分離膜を作製した。
実施例又は比較例に係る分離膜をメタノールで約10倍に希釈後、超音波照射による抽出を15分間行い、抽出液を得た。この抽出液をガスクロマトグラフに1.0μL注入することにより、実施例又は比較例に係る分離膜中の溶媒の含有量を測定した。ガスクロマトグラフ質量分析の具体的な条件は下記のとおりである。結果を表1〜表2に示す。
装置名:GC−4000(GLサイエンス社製)
キャリアガス:ヘリウム 5.0mL/分
カラム:TC−WAX ポリエチレングリコール(0.53mm I.D.×30m、1.0μL)
スプリット比:1/10
注入温度:250℃
検出温度:250℃
オーブン温度:60℃(1分間)から20℃/分で昇温→240℃
検出器:水素炎イオン化型検出器(FID)
レンジ:102
実施例又は比較例に係る分離膜と、セパレータ(UP3085、宇部興産社製)とを重ね、これらを2枚のシリコンゴム(厚み0.5mm)製シートで挟んだものを、H型セルの間に配置した。分離膜側のセルにジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を入れ、所定日数経過後のセパレータの外観を目視にて観察した。分離膜が溶媒分離能力に優れていると、DMCが分離膜を透過しにくいため、セパレータにDMCが浸透しにくいが、溶媒分離能力に劣る分離膜であれば、DMCが分離膜を透過してセパレータに浸透する。よって、セパレータの外観を観察し、セパレータへのDMCの浸透の有無を確認することにより、分離膜の溶媒(第1の溶媒及び第2の溶媒に相当する溶媒)の分離能力を評価することができる。試験開始から1日経過後であってもセパレータへのDMCの浸透がない場合に、表1〜表2において「≧1日」と示す。この場合、分離膜の溶媒分離能力が優れているといえる。
実施例及び比較例に係る分離膜を用いて試験用セルを作製することにより、分離膜のイオン伝導度を評価した。まず、上蓋(CR2032用キャップ、宝泉社製)、1.6mm厚の板バネ、1.0mm厚のSUS製スペーサ(2枚)、分離膜、ガスケット、下蓋(CR2032用ケース、宝泉社製)の順にこれらを積層し、上蓋と下蓋をかしめて試験用セルを作製し、分離膜のバルク抵抗を測定した。測定装置及び測定条件は下記のとおりとした。
測定装置:VSP 電気化学測定システム(BioLogic社製)
測定温度:25℃
AC振幅:10mV
周波数範囲:10mHz〜1MHz
σ=L/RA・・・(α)
σ(S/cm):イオン伝導度
L(cm):分離膜の厚さ
R(Ω):バルク抵抗
A(cm2):SUS製スペーサの断面積
Claims (16)
- 正極合剤層、分離膜、及び負極合剤層をこの順に備えるリチウムイオン二次電池であって、
前記正極合剤層が、正極活物質、第1のリチウム塩、及び第1の溶媒を含有し、
前記負極合剤層が、負極活物質、第2のリチウム塩、及び前記第1の溶媒とは異なる第2の溶媒を含有し、
前記分離膜が、リチウムイオン伝導性を有するポリマ、第3のリチウム塩、及び第3の溶媒を含有し、
前記第3の溶媒の含有量が、前記分離膜全量基準で40質量%以下である、リチウムイオン二次電池。 - 前記第3の溶媒の含有量が、前記分離膜全量基準で35質量%以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記第3の溶媒がイオン液体である、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 前記分離膜が無機酸化物粒子を更に含有する、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 正極活物質、第1のリチウム塩、及び第1の溶媒を含有する正極合剤層と、負極活物質、第2のリチウム塩、及び前記第1の溶媒とは異なる第2の溶媒を含有する負極合剤層と、を備えるリチウムイオン二次電池において、前記正極合剤層及び前記負極合剤層の間に配置されるための分離膜であって、
リチウムイオン伝導性を有するポリマ、第3のリチウム塩、及び第3の溶媒を含有し、
前記第3の溶媒の含有量が、前記分離膜全量基準で40質量%以下である、分離膜。 - 前記第3の溶媒の含有量が、前記分離膜全量基準で35質量%以下である、請求項5に記載の分離膜。
- 前記第3の溶媒がイオン液体である、請求項5又は6に記載の分離膜。
- 無機酸化物粒子を更に含有する、請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載の分離膜。
- 正極活物質、第1のリチウム塩、及び第1の溶媒を含有する正極合剤層を備える正極を得る工程と、
負極活物質、第2のリチウム塩、及び前記第1の溶媒とは異なる第2の溶媒を含有する負極合剤層を備える負極を得る工程と、
リチウムイオン伝導性を有するポリマを形成可能な重合性化合物、第3のリチウム塩、及び第3の溶媒を含有するスラリを膜状に成形してから前記重合性化合物を重合させることにより分離膜を得る工程と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に、前記分離膜を設ける工程と、を備え、
前記第3の溶媒の含有量が、前記スラリ全量基準で40質量%以下である、リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記第3の溶媒の含有量が、前記スラリ全量基準で35質量%以下である、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第3の溶媒がイオン液体である、請求項9又は10に記載の製造方法。
- 前記スラリが無機酸化物粒子を更に含有する、請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 正極活物質、第1のリチウム塩、及び第1の溶媒を含有する正極合剤層と、負極活物質、第2のリチウム塩、及び前記第1の溶媒とは異なる第2の溶媒を含有する負極合剤層と、を備えるリチウムイオン二次電池において、前記正極合剤層及び前記負極合剤層の間に配置されるための分離膜の製造方法であって、
リチウムイオン伝導性を有するポリマを形成可能な重合性化合物、第3のリチウム塩、及び第3の溶媒を含有するスラリを膜状に成形してから前記重合性化合物を重合させることにより分離膜を得る工程を備え、
前記第3の溶媒の含有量が、前記スラリ全量基準で40質量%以下である、製造方法。 - 前記第3の溶媒の含有量が、前記スラリ全量基準で35質量%以下である、請求項13に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第3の溶媒がイオン液体である、請求項13又は14に記載の製造方法。
- 前記スラリが無機酸化物粒子を更に含有する、請求項13〜15のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
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