WO2022200905A1 - 半導体装置および電子機器 - Google Patents
半導体装置および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022200905A1 WO2022200905A1 PCT/IB2022/052185 IB2022052185W WO2022200905A1 WO 2022200905 A1 WO2022200905 A1 WO 2022200905A1 IB 2022052185 W IB2022052185 W IB 2022052185W WO 2022200905 A1 WO2022200905 A1 WO 2022200905A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- transistor
- display
- insulator
- oxide
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 327
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 694
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 248
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 214
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 190
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 190
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 188
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 116
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 102
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 98
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 83
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 83
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 80
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 62
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 52
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 51
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 44
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 42
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 40
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 38
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 38
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 35
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 35
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 34
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 29
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 18
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 14
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- -1 etc.) Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 8
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 8
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001341 grazing-angle X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002003 electron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002524 electron diffraction data Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005001 rutherford backscattering spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910019311 (Ba,Sr)TiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020187 CeF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015842 Hesperis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012633 Iberis amara Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocyclobutene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCC2=C1 UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium iodide Inorganic materials [I-].[Cs+] XQPRBTXUXXVTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052800 carbon group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013144 data compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005994 diacetyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000744 eyelid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001339 gustatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000013057 hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 description 1
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Inorganic materials [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silicide Chemical compound [Ni]=[Si]=[Ni] RUFLMLWJRZAWLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021334 nickel silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Ag] BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Inorganic materials [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004304 visual acuity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
- G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
- G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
- G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
- G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
- H01L21/78—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices
- H01L21/82—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components
- H01L21/822—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate with subsequent division of the substrate into plural individual devices to produce devices, e.g. integrated circuits, each consisting of a plurality of components the substrate being a semiconductor, using silicon technology
- H01L21/8232—Field-effect technology
- H01L21/8234—MIS technology, i.e. integration processes of field effect transistors of the conductor-insulator-semiconductor type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body
- H01L27/06—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body
- H01L27/08—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind
- H01L27/085—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind including field-effect components only
- H01L27/088—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier; including integrated passive circuit elements with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind including field-effect components only the components being field-effect transistors with insulated gate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66007—Multistep manufacturing processes
- H01L29/66075—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
- H01L29/66409—Unipolar field-effect transistors
- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching, or capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. phototransistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
- H05B33/06—Electrode terminals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K59/873—Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K59/879—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to semiconductor devices and electronic devices.
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- Technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification and the like include semiconductor devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, memory devices, electronic devices, lighting devices, input devices, input/output devices, and driving methods thereof. , or methods for producing them, can be mentioned as an example.
- a semiconductor device is a device that utilizes semiconductor characteristics and refers to a circuit including a semiconductor element (transistor, diode, photodiode, or the like), a device having the same circuit, and the like. It also refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics. For example, an integrated circuit, a chip with an integrated circuit, and an electronic component containing a chip in a package are examples of semiconductor devices.
- storage devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, lighting devices, electronic devices, and the like are themselves semiconductor devices and may include semiconductor devices.
- Display devices In recent years, there has been a demand for higher definition of display devices. Devices that require high-definition display devices include, for example, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), alternative reality (SR), or mixed reality (MR) In recent years, there have been active developments of devices for Display devices used in these devices are required to be smaller in size as well as to have higher definition.
- VR virtual reality
- AR augmented reality
- SR alternative reality
- MR mixed reality
- Display devices typically include liquid crystal display devices, organic EL (Electro Luminescence) elements, light-emitting devices equipped with light-emitting elements such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), electronic devices that display by electrophoresis, and the like. paper and the like.
- organic EL Electro Luminescence
- LEDs light-emitting diodes
- the basic structure of an organic EL device is to sandwich a layer containing a light-emitting organic compound between a pair of electrodes. By applying a voltage to this device, light can be obtained from the light-emitting organic compound.
- a display device to which such an organic EL element is applied does not require a backlight, which is required in a liquid crystal display device or the like.
- Patent Document 1 describes an example of a display device using an organic EL element.
- Small, high-definition display devices are also used for electronic viewfinders (EVF: Electrical View Finder) of mirrorless cameras.
- EVF Electrical View Finder
- a mirrorless camera equipped with an EVF has advantages such as matching of an image projected on an imaging unit (image sensor) with a photographed image, and ability to display necessary information on a display device.
- a mirrorless camera equipped with an EVF generally displays a photographed image on the EVF after signals are read out from the image sensor, so there is a problem that a time difference (signal delay) from imaging to display is likely to occur.
- a time difference signal delay
- the photographing timing is likely to be off, making it difficult to obtain an accurate framework.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device or a display device in which the time difference between capturing an object and displaying the image is small.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a miniaturized semiconductor device or display device.
- Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device or a display device with high color reproducibility.
- Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a high-definition semiconductor device or display device.
- Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable semiconductor device or display device.
- Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device or a display device with reduced power consumption.
- Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel semiconductor device or display device.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a semiconductor device including an imaging portion and a display portion, wherein the imaging portion includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a matrix, and the display portion includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a matrix. and a plurality of display elements arranged in a matrix, wherein the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements are provided in a first layer, the plurality of display pixel circuits are provided in a second layer on the first layer, A plurality of display elements are provided in a third layer on the second layer, and one of the plurality of display pixel circuits is a semiconductor device electrically connected to one of the plurality of display elements.
- the semiconductor device may have a function of acquiring imaged data using a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements, and a function of supplying imaged data of all columns for each row to the display unit. Further, a function may be provided to adjust the voltage of the imaging data and supply it to the display section.
- the display pixel circuit described above has, for example, a function of controlling the light emission luminance of the display element.
- Various elements can be used as the display element.
- an organic EL element can be used as the display element.
- the display pixel circuit may include a transistor including an oxide semiconductor.
- the first and second layers may be connected via an adhesive layer and bumps, for example.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an electronic device including the semiconductor device and at least one of an antenna, a battery, and a microphone.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device that includes the semiconductor device and at least one of an attachment portion, a lens, a main body, and a cable, and has a function of acquiring user information through the lens. be.
- a semiconductor device or a display device with a small time difference between shooting an object and displaying the image.
- a miniaturized semiconductor device or display device can be provided.
- a semiconductor device or a display device with high color reproducibility can be provided.
- a high-definition semiconductor device or display device can be provided.
- a highly reliable semiconductor device or display device can be provided.
- one embodiment of the present invention can provide a semiconductor device or a display device with reduced power consumption.
- a novel semiconductor device or display device can be provided.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are perspective views of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a semiconductor device.
- 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating a circuit configuration example of the imaging pixel 12.
- FIG. 5A and FIGS. 5B1 to 5B7 are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of the layer 20.
- FIG. 6A to 6D are diagrams illustrating circuit configuration examples of the display pixel 230.
- FIG. 7A to 7D are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of light emitting elements.
- 8A to 8D are diagrams showing configuration examples of a display device.
- 9A to 9D are diagrams showing configuration examples of the display device.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 11A and 11B are diagrams showing usage examples of the semiconductor device.
- 12A and 12B are perspective views of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- 15A and 15B are perspective views of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 17A is a diagram showing a circuit configuration example of a display pixel.
- FIG. 17B is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 17A is a diagram showing a circuit configuration example of a display pixel.
- FIG. 17B is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 22 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 24 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 27 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 29 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 31 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 36A is a top view showing a configuration example of a transistor.
- 36B and 36C are cross-sectional views showing configuration examples of transistors.
- FIG. 37A is a diagram explaining the classification of IGZO crystal structures.
- FIG. 37A is a diagram explaining the classification of IGZO crystal structures.
- FIG. 37B is a diagram explaining the XRD spectrum of the CAAC-IGZO film.
- FIG. 37C is a diagram illustrating an ultrafine electron diffraction pattern of a CAAC-IGZO film.
- 38A to 38F are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- 39A to 39F are diagrams illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- connection relationships other than the connection relationships shown in the drawings or the text are not limited to the predetermined connection relationships, for example, the connection relationships shown in the drawings or the text. It is assumed that X and Y are objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wiring, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).
- X and Y are electrically connected is an element that enables electrical connection between X and Y (for example, switch, transistor, capacitive element, inductor, resistive element, diode, display devices, light emitting devices, loads, etc.) can be connected between X and Y.
- the switch is controlled to be on and off. In other words, the switch has a function of controlling whether it is in a conducting state (on state) or a non-conducting state (off state) to allow current to flow.
- a circuit that enables functional connection between X and Y eg, a logic circuit (inverter, NAND circuit, NOR circuit, etc.), a signal conversion Circuits (digital-to-analog conversion circuit, analog-to-digital conversion circuit, gamma correction circuit, etc.), potential level conversion circuit (power supply circuit (booster circuit, step-down circuit, etc.), level shifter circuit that changes the potential level of signals, etc.), voltage source, current source , switching circuit, amplifier circuit (circuit that can increase signal amplitude or current amount, operational amplifier, differential amplifier circuit, source follower circuit, buffer circuit, etc.), signal generation circuit, memory circuit, control circuit, etc.) It is possible to connect one or more between As an example, even if another circuit is interposed between X and Y, when a signal output from X is transmitted to Y, X and Y are considered to be functionally connected. do.
- X and Y are electrically connected, it means that X and Y are electrically connected (that is, another element or another circuit is interposed), and the case where X and Y are directly connected (that is, the case where X and Y are connected without another element or another circuit between them). (if any).
- X and Y, the source (or the first terminal, etc.) and the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor are electrically connected to each other, and X, the source of the transistor (or the 1 terminal, etc.), the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, etc.), and are electrically connected in the order of Y.”
- the source (or first terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to X
- the drain (or second terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to Y
- X is the source of the transistor ( or the first terminal, etc.), the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, etc.), and Y are electrically connected in this order.
- X is electrically connected to Y through the source (or first terminal, etc.) and drain (or second terminal, etc.) of the transistor, and X is the source (or first terminal, etc.) of the transistor; terminal, etc.), the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, etc.), and Y are provided in this connection order.
- the source (or the first terminal, etc.) and the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor can be distinguished by defining the order of connection in the circuit configuration.
- the technical scope can be determined.
- these expression methods are examples, and are not limited to these expression methods.
- X and Y are objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wiring, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).
- circuit diagram shows independent components electrically connected to each other, if one component has the functions of multiple components.
- one component has the functions of multiple components.
- the term "electrically connected" in this specification includes cases where one conductive film functions as a plurality of constituent elements.
- the term “capacitance element” refers to, for example, a circuit element having a capacitance value higher than 0 F, a wiring region having a capacitance value higher than 0 F, a parasitic capacitance, a transistor can be the gate capacitance of Therefore, in this specification and the like, the term “capacitance element” means not only a circuit element including a pair of electrodes and a dielectric material contained between the electrodes, but also a parasitic element occurring between wirings. Capacitance, gate capacitance generated between one of the source or drain of the transistor and the gate, and the like are included.
- capacitor element in addition, terms such as “capacitance element”, “parasitic capacitance”, and “gate capacitance” can be replaced with terms such as “capacitance”, and conversely, the term “capacitance” can be replaced with terms such as “capacitance element”, “parasitic capacitance”, and “capacitance”. term such as “gate capacitance”.
- a pair of electrodes” in the “capacitance” can be replaced with a "pair of conductors," a “pair of conductive regions,” a “pair of regions,” and the like.
- the value of the capacitance can be, for example, 0.05 fF or more and 10 pF or less. Also, for example, it may be 1 pF or more and 10 ⁇ F or less.
- a transistor has three terminals called a gate, a source, and a drain.
- a gate is a control terminal that controls the conduction state of a transistor.
- the two terminals functioning as source or drain are the input and output terminals of the transistor.
- One of the two input/output terminals functions as a source and the other as a drain depending on the conductivity type of the transistor (n-channel type, p-channel type) and the level of potentials applied to the three terminals of the transistor. Therefore, in this specification and the like, the terms “source” and “drain” can be used interchangeably.
- a transistor may have a back gate in addition to the three terminals described above, depending on the structure of the transistor.
- one of the gate and back gate of the transistor may be referred to as a first gate
- the other of the gate and back gate of the transistor may be referred to as a second gate.
- the terms "gate” and “backgate” may be used interchangeably for the same transistor.
- the respective gates may be referred to as a first gate, a second gate, a third gate, or the like in this specification and the like.
- a “node” can be replaced with a terminal, a wiring, an electrode, a conductive layer, a conductor, an impurity region, or the like, depending on the circuit configuration, device structure, and the like. Also, terminals, wirings, etc. can be rephrased as “nodes”.
- ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second”, and “third” are added to avoid confusion of constituent elements. Therefore, the number of components is not limited. Also, the order of the components is not limited. For example, a component referred to as “first” in one embodiment such as this specification is a component referred to as “second” in other embodiments or claims. It is possible. Further, for example, a component referred to as “first” in one of the embodiments in this specification may be omitted in other embodiments or the scope of claims.
- electrode B on insulating layer A does not require that electrode B be formed on insulating layer A in direct contact with another configuration between insulating layer A and electrode B. Do not exclude those containing elements.
- electrode B overlapping the insulating layer A is not limited to the state in which the electrode B is formed on the insulating layer A, but the state in which the electrode B is formed under the insulating layer A or A state in which the electrode B is formed on the right (or left) side of the insulating layer A is not excluded.
- the terms “adjacent” and “proximity” do not limit that components are in direct contact with each other.
- electrode B adjacent to insulating layer A it is not necessary that insulating layer A and electrode B are formed in direct contact, and another component is provided between insulating layer A and electrode B. Do not exclude what is included.
- Electrode any electrode that is used as part of a “wiring” and vice versa.
- the term “electrode” or “wiring” includes the case where a plurality of “electrodes” or “wiring” are integrally formed.
- terminal may be used as part of “wiring” or “electrode” and vice versa.
- terminal includes a case where a plurality of "electrodes", “wirings”, “terminals”, etc. are integrally formed.
- an “electrode” can be part of a “wiring” or a “terminal”, and a “terminal” can be part of a “wiring” or an “electrode”, for example.
- Terms such as “electrode”, “wiring”, and “terminal” may be replaced with terms such as "region” in some cases.
- terms such as “wiring”, “signal line”, and “power line” can be interchanged depending on the case or situation. For example, it may be possible to change the term “wiring” to the term “signal line”. Also, for example, it may be possible to change the term “wiring” to a term such as "power supply line”. Also, vice versa, terms such as “signal line” and “power line” may be changed to the term “wiring”. It may be possible to change terms such as “power line” to terms such as “signal line”. Also, vice versa, terms such as “signal line” may be changed to terms such as "power line”. In addition, the term “potential” applied to the wiring may be changed to the term “signal” depending on the circumstances. And vice versa, terms such as “signal” may be changed to the term “potential”.
- parallel means a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of -10° or more and 10° or less. Therefore, the case of ⁇ 5° or more and 5° or less is also included.
- substantially parallel or “substantially parallel” refers to a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of -30° or more and 30° or less.
- Perfect means that two straight lines are arranged at an angle of 80° or more and 100° or less. Therefore, the case of 85° or more and 95° or less is also included.
- arrows indicating the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction may be attached in the drawings and the like according to this specification.
- the “X direction” is the direction along the X axis, and the forward direction and the reverse direction are not distinguished unless explicitly stated.
- the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction are directions that cross each other. More specifically, the X-direction, Y-direction, and Z-direction are directions orthogonal to each other.
- first direction or “first direction”
- second direction or a “second direction”
- third direction or “third direction”.
- a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described. Note that a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention has a function of operating as an imaging device and a function of operating as a display device.
- FIG. 1A is a front side perspective view of the semiconductor device 100A
- FIG. 1B is a back side perspective view of the semiconductor device 100A.
- the layers 10 and 20 are separated from each other in order to make the configuration of the semiconductor device 100A easier to understand.
- Semiconductor device 100A includes layers 10 and 20 .
- the layers 10 and 20 are provided one on top of the other. Note that in FIG. 1 and the like, the direction in which the layer 10 and the layer 20 overlap is the Z direction.
- the layer 10 includes an imaging section 11 , a first drive circuit section 13 , a second drive circuit section 14 , a readout circuit section 15 and a control circuit section 16 . Also, a microlens array including a plurality of microlenses 19 is provided so as to overlap with the imaging unit 11 . A microlens 19 is provided on the opposite side of the layer 20 with the layer 10 interposed therebetween.
- the imaging unit 11 also includes a plurality of imaging pixels 12 arranged in a matrix.
- the layer 20 includes a display section 21 , a first drive circuit section 231 , a second drive circuit section 232 and an input/output terminal section 29 .
- the display unit 21 also includes a plurality of display pixels 230 arranged in a matrix.
- a layer 60 is provided so as to overlap the plurality of display pixel circuits 431 arranged in a matrix.
- Layer 60 comprises a plurality of display elements 432 arranged in a matrix.
- One display pixel circuit 431 and one display element 432 constitute one display pixel 230 . Accordingly, the display section 21 includes a plurality of display pixels 230 arranged in a matrix.
- Examples of the display element 432 include EL elements (EL elements containing organic and inorganic substances, organic EL elements, and inorganic EL elements), LEDs (white LEDs, red LEDs, green LEDs, blue LEDs, etc.), micro LEDs, QLEDs (Quantum- dot Light Emitting Diode), transistor (transistor that emits light according to current), electron emission device, liquid crystal device, electronic ink, electrophoretic device, grating light valve (GLV), plasma display panel (PDP), MEMS (micro electro ⁇ Display elements using mechanical systems), digital micromirror devices (DMD), DMS (digital micro shutter), IMOD (interferometric modulation) elements, shutter type MEMS display elements, optical interference type MEMS Display elements, electrowetting elements, piezoelectric ceramic displays, display elements using carbon nanotubes, etc., which have display media whose contrast, luminance, reflectance, transmittance, etc., change due to electrical or magnetic action. .
- EL elements EL elements containing organic and inorganic
- the layer 10 has a function of converting the subject image projected on the imaging unit 11 into an electrical signal.
- the layer 20 has a function of displaying an image on the display section 21 according to the input electrical signal.
- the layer 10 and the layer 20 are provided so as to overlap each other; That is, it is possible to reduce the time difference from photographing the subject to displaying it.
- One aspect of the present invention is particularly effective in shooting a moving subject.
- FIG. 1 Power, signals necessary for the operation of the imaging unit 11, signals necessary for the operation of the display unit 21, and the like are supplied to the semiconductor device 100A through the input/output terminal unit 29.
- FIG. 1 the semiconductor device 100A can output imaging data (also referred to as “image data”) captured on the layer 10 to the outside via the input/output terminal section 29 . Further, the semiconductor device 100A can display an image on the display section 21 according to the video signal supplied via the input/output terminal section 29 .
- circuits included in the layer 10 may be provided in the layer 20 .
- At least a portion of the circuits and the like included in layer 20 may be provided in layer 10 .
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram for explaining the configuration of the layer 10.
- layer 10 includes imaging section 11 , first drive circuit section 13 , second drive circuit section 14 , readout circuit section 15 , and control circuit section 16 .
- the first drive circuit section 13, the second drive circuit section 14, the readout circuit section 15, and the control circuit section 16 may be collectively referred to as "function circuit”.
- Various circuits such as shift registers, level shifters, inverters, latches, analog switches, or logic circuits can be used as functional circuits.
- Transistors used for the imaging unit 11 and the functional circuits included in the layer 10 may be n-channel transistors or p-channel transistors. Both n-channel and p-channel transistors may be used. A configuration of a CMOS structure in which an n-channel transistor and a p-channel transistor are combined may be used for the imaging unit 11 and the functional circuit.
- the imaging unit 11 includes imaging pixels 12 arranged in a matrix of m rows and n columns (m and n are integers equal to or greater than 1).
- the imaging section 11 is electrically connected to the first drive circuit section 13 via a plurality of wirings 131 .
- the imaging unit 11 is electrically connected to the readout circuit unit 15 via a plurality of wirings 132 .
- the readout circuit section 15 is electrically connected to the second drive circuit section 14 via a plurality of wirings 133 .
- the image pickup pixel 12 arranged in the i-th row i indicates an arbitrary number, and in the present embodiment and the like, is an integer of 1 or more and m or less) is connected to the first line via the i-th wiring 131 .
- the image pickup pixel 12 arranged in the j-th column (j indicates an arbitrary number, and in the present embodiment and the like, is an integer of 1 or more and n or less) is connected to the readout circuit via the j-th wiring 132. It is electrically connected to the portion 15 .
- the imaging pixel 12 arranged in the first row and first column is denoted as imaging pixel 12[1,1] and the imaging pixel 12 arranged in the mth row and nth column is denoted as imaging pixel 12[m,n]. showing.
- the image pickup pixel 12 arranged in the i-th row and the j-th column is indicated as an image pickup pixel 12[i, j].
- the wirings connected to one imaging pixel 12 are not limited to the wirings 131 and 132 .
- a wiring other than the wiring 131 and the wiring 132 may be connected to the imaging pixel 12 .
- the pixel density (also referred to as “definition”) of the imaging unit 11 is preferably 100 ppi or more and 10000 ppi or less, more preferably 1000 ppi or more and 10000 ppi or less. For example, it may be 2000 ppi or more and 6000 ppi or less, or 3000 ppi or more and 5000 ppi or less.
- the imaging unit 11 of the semiconductor device 100A can handle various aspect ratios such as 1:1 (square), 4:3, 16:9, and 16:10.
- the diagonal size of the imaging unit 11 may be 0.1 inch or more and 100 inches or less, and may be 100 inches or more.
- the control circuit section 16 has a function of controlling the operation of the circuits provided in the layer 10 .
- the first drive circuit section 13 has a function of selecting the imaging pixels 12 for each row. The imaging pixels 12 in the row selected by the first drive circuit section 13 output imaging data to the readout circuit section 15 via the wiring 132 .
- the readout circuit unit 15 holds the imaging data supplied from the imaging pixels 12 for each column, and performs noise removal processing and the like. As noise removal processing, for example, CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) processing may be performed. Further, the readout circuit unit 15 may have a function of amplifying image data, an AD conversion function of image data, and the like.
- the second drive circuit section 14 has a function of sequentially selecting the imaging data held in the reading circuit section 15 and outputting the imaging data to the outside from the output terminal OUT.
- FIG. 4A is a circuit diagram illustrating a circuit configuration example of the imaging pixel 12.
- the imaging pixel 12 includes a photoelectric conversion device 101 (also referred to as a “photoelectric conversion element” or “imaging element”), a transistor 102 , a transistor 103 , a transistor 104 , a transistor 105 , and a capacitor 108 . Note that a configuration in which the capacitor 108 is not provided may be employed. Note that, in this specification and the like, at least one of the components other than the photoelectric conversion device 101 may be referred to as an “imaging pixel circuit”.
- One electrode (cathode) of the photoelectric conversion device 101 is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the transistor 102 .
- the other of the source and drain of transistor 102 is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of transistor 103 .
- One of the source and drain of transistor 103 is electrically connected to one electrode of capacitor 108 .
- One electrode of capacitor 108 is electrically connected to the gate of transistor 104 .
- One of the source and drain of the transistor 104 is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of the transistor 105 .
- a wiring connecting the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 102, the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 103, one electrode of the capacitor 108, and the gate of the transistor 104 is a node FD.
- the node FD can function as a charge detection portion.
- the other electrode (anode) of the photoelectric conversion device 101 is electrically connected to the wiring 121 .
- a gate of the transistor 102 is electrically connected to the wiring 127 .
- the other of the source and drain of the transistor 103 is electrically connected to the wiring 122 .
- the other of the source and drain of the transistor 104 is electrically connected to the wiring 123 .
- a gate of the transistor 103 is electrically connected to the wiring 126 .
- a gate of the transistor 105 is electrically connected to the wiring 128 .
- the other electrode of capacitor 108 is electrically connected to a reference potential line such as GND wiring, for example.
- the other of the source and drain of the transistor 105 is electrically connected to the wiring 352 .
- a wiring 127, a wiring 126, and a wiring 128 function as signal lines that control the on state or off state of each transistor.
- the wiring 352 has a function as an output line.
- the wirings 121, 122, and 123 function as power supply lines.
- the cathode side of the photoelectric conversion device 101 is electrically connected to the transistor 102, and a high potential is supplied to the node FD during resetting. Therefore, the wiring 122 is set at a high potential (potential higher than that of the wiring 121).
- FIG. 4A shows a configuration in which the cathode of the photoelectric conversion device 101 is electrically connected to the node FD, but a configuration in which the anode side of the photoelectric conversion device 101 is electrically connected to either the source or the drain of the transistor 102 is shown. good too.
- the wiring 122 since a low potential is supplied to the node FD at reset, the wiring 122 may be set at a low potential (a potential lower than that of the wiring 121).
- the transistor 102 has a function of controlling the potential of the node FD.
- the transistor 102 is also called a “transfer transistor”.
- the transistor 103 has a function of resetting the potential of the node FD.
- the transistor 103 is also called a "reset transistor”.
- the transistor 104 functions as a source follower circuit and can output the potential of the node FD to the wiring 352 as imaging data.
- the transistor 105 has a function of selecting a pixel for which imaging data is output.
- the transistor 104 is also called an "amplification transistor”.
- the transistor 105 is also called a "selection transistor".
- the photoelectric conversion device 101 and the transistor 102 may be set as one set, and a plurality of sets of the photoelectric conversion device 101 and the transistor 102 may be connected to the node FD.
- the area occupied by each imaging pixel 12 can be reduced. Therefore, the mounting density of the imaging pixels 12 can be increased.
- the photoelectric conversion device 101 and the transistor 102 in the first pair are shown as a photoelectric conversion device 101_1 and a transistor 102_1.
- a gate of the transistor 102_1 is electrically connected to the wiring 127_1.
- the photoelectric conversion device 101 and the transistor 102 in the second pair are indicated as a photoelectric conversion device 101_2 and a transistor 102_2.
- a gate of the transistor 102_2 is electrically connected to the wiring 127_2.
- the photoelectric conversion device 101 and the transistor 102 in the k-th pair (where k is an integer of 1 or more) are denoted as a photoelectric conversion device 101_k and a transistor 102_k.
- a gate of the transistor 102 — k is electrically connected to the wiring 127 — k.
- All of the transistors in layer 10 can be fabricated in the same process.
- the functional circuits included in the layer 10 may not have all the configurations shown in the present embodiment and the like, and may have configurations other than these.
- FIG. 5A shows a block diagram for explaining the configuration of the layer 20.
- layer 20 includes display section 21 , first drive circuit section 231 and second drive circuit section 232 .
- the first drive circuit section 231, the second drive circuit section 232, and the like included in the layer 20 may also be collectively referred to as "function circuit".
- a circuit included in the first drive circuit section 231 functions, for example, as a scanning line drive circuit.
- a circuit included in the second drive circuit unit 232 functions, for example, as a signal line drive circuit. It should be noted that some circuit may be provided at a position facing the first drive circuit section 231 with the display section 21 interposed therebetween. Some circuit may be provided at a position facing the second drive circuit section 232 with the display section 21 interposed therebetween.
- the general term for the circuits included in the first drive circuit section 231 and the second drive circuit section 232 may be called "peripheral drive circuit".
- Various circuits such as shift registers, level shifters, inverters, latches, analog switches, and logic circuits can be used for the peripheral driving circuits.
- a transistor, a capacitor, or the like can be used for the peripheral driver circuit.
- a transistor included in the peripheral driver circuit can be formed in the same process as the transistor included in the display pixel 230 .
- Transistors used in the display section 21 and the peripheral driver circuit included in the layer 20 may be n-channel transistors or p-channel transistors. Both n-channel and p-channel transistors may be used. A CMOS structure combining n-channel transistors and p-channel transistors may be used for the display section 21 and the peripheral drive circuit.
- the layer 20 includes p wirings 236 (p is an integer equal to or greater than 1), which are arranged substantially parallel to each other and whose potentials are controlled by circuits included in the first driving circuit section 231; and q wirings 237 (q is an integer equal to or greater than 1), each of which is arranged substantially in parallel and whose potential is controlled by a circuit included in the second drive circuit section 232 .
- FIG. 5A shows an example in which the wiring 236 and the wiring 237 are connected to the display pixel 230 .
- the wiring 236 and the wiring 237 are examples, and the wiring connected to the display pixel 230 is not limited to the wiring 236 and the wiring 237 .
- the display unit 21 includes a plurality of display pixels 230 arranged in a matrix of p rows and q columns.
- the display pixel 230 arranged in the r-th row (r indicates an arbitrary number and is an integer of 1 or more and p or less in this embodiment and the like) is connected to the first line via the r-th wiring 236 . It is electrically connected to the drive circuit section 231 .
- the imaging pixel 12 arranged in the s-th column (s indicates an arbitrary number and is an integer of 1 or more and q or less in this embodiment and the like) is connected to the second line through the s-th wiring 237 . It is electrically connected to the drive circuit section 232 .
- the display pixel 230 arranged in the first row and q column is indicated as display pixel 230[1,q]
- the display pixel 230 arranged in p row and q column is indicated as display pixel 230[p,q]. showing.
- the display pixel 230 arranged in the r row and s th column is indicated as a display pixel 230[r, s].
- a transistor including a metal oxide in a channel formation region (hereinafter also referred to as an "OS transistor") is used as a transistor included in the display pixel 230, and a transistor including silicon in a channel formation region is used as a transistor included in a peripheral driver circuit.
- a transistor (hereinafter also referred to as a “Si transistor”) may be used. Since an OS transistor has a small source-drain leakage current (also referred to as an "off current”) in an off state, power consumption can be reduced. In addition, since Si transistors operate faster than OS transistors, they are suitable for use in peripheral driver circuits. Note that an OS transistor may be used for both the transistor forming the display pixel 230 and the transistor forming the peripheral driver circuit.
- Si transistors may be used for both the transistors forming the display pixels 230 and the transistors forming the peripheral drive circuit. Furthermore, a Si transistor may be used as the transistor forming the display pixel 230, and an OS transistor may be used as the transistor forming the peripheral driver circuit.
- both Si transistors and OS transistors may be used for the transistors forming the display pixels 230 . Further, both Si transistors and OS transistors may be used for the transistors forming the peripheral driver circuit.
- Materials used for the Si transistor include single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and the like.
- a transistor including low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) in a semiconductor layer (hereinafter also referred to as an LTPS transistor) can be used.
- the LTPS transistor has high field effect mobility and good frequency characteristics.
- a Si transistor such as an LTPS transistor
- a circuit that needs to be driven at a high frequency for example, a source driver circuit
- the external circuit mounted on the semiconductor device can be simplified, and the component cost and mounting cost can be reduced.
- OS transistors have much higher field-effect mobility than transistors using amorphous silicon.
- an OS transistor has extremely low off-state current and can hold charge accumulated in a capacitor connected in series with the transistor for a long time. Further, by using the OS transistor, power consumption of the semiconductor device can be reduced.
- the off current value of the OS transistor per 1 ⁇ m of channel width at room temperature is 1 aA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 18 A) or less, 1 zA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 21 A) or less, or 1 yA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 24 A) or less.
- the off current value of the Si transistor per 1 ⁇ m channel width at room temperature is 1 fA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 15 A) or more and 1 pA (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 A) or less. Therefore, it can be said that the off-state current of the OS transistor is about ten digits lower than the off-state current of the Si transistor.
- the display pixels 230 that control red light, the display pixels 230 that control green light, and the display pixels 230 that control blue light are collectively functioned as one pixel 240, and the light emission amount (light emission luminance) of each display pixel 230 is determined.
- Full-color display can be realized by controlling Therefore, each of the three display pixels 230 functions as a sub-pixel. That is, each of the three sub-pixels controls the amount of red light, green light, or blue light emitted (see FIG. 5B1).
- the color of light controlled by each of the three sub-pixels is not limited to a combination of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), but may be cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y). There may be (see FIG. 5B2).
- the arrangement of the three display pixels 230 forming one pixel 240 may be a delta arrangement (see FIG. 5B3). Specifically, the lines connecting the center points of the three display pixels 230 forming one pixel 240 may form a triangle.
- the areas of the three sub-pixels do not have to be the same. If the luminous efficiency, reliability, etc. differ depending on the luminescent color, the area of the sub-pixel may be changed for each luminescent color (see FIG. 5B4). Note that the arrangement configuration of the sub-pixels shown in FIG. 5B4 may be referred to as "S stripe arrangement".
- four sub-pixels may be collectively functioned as one pixel.
- a sub-pixel controlling white light may be added to three sub-pixels controlling red light, green light, and blue light, respectively (see FIG. 5B5).
- a sub-pixel for controlling yellow light may be added to the three sub-pixels for controlling red light, green light, and blue light, respectively (see FIG. 5B6).
- a sub-pixel for controlling white light may be added to the three sub-pixels for controlling cyan, magenta, and yellow light, respectively (see FIG. 5B7).
- Reproducibility of halftones can be improved by increasing the number of sub-pixels that function as one pixel, and by appropriately combining sub-pixels that control lights such as red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, and yellow. can. Therefore, display quality can be improved.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can reproduce color gamuts of various standards.
- PAL Phase Alternating Line
- NTSC National Television System Committee
- sRGB standard RGB
- Adobe RGB International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector Broadcasting Service(Television) 709) ⁇ DCI ⁇ P3(Digital Cinema Initiatives P3) ⁇ UHDTV(Ultra High Definition Television ⁇ ) ⁇ ITU ⁇ RBT. 2020 (REC.2020 (Recommendation 2020)) standard color gamut can be reproduced.
- the display unit 21 capable of full-color display at a resolution of so-called full high-definition (also referred to as “2K resolution”, “2K1K”, or “2K”) is realized. can do.
- the display unit 21 is capable of full-color display at a resolution of so-called ultra high-definition (also referred to as “4K resolution”, “4K2K”, or “4K”). can be realized.
- the display unit 21 is capable of full-color display at a resolution of so-called Super Hi-Vision (also referred to as “8K resolution”, “8K4K”, or “8K”). can be realized.
- Super Hi-Vision also referred to as “8K resolution”, “8K4K”, or “8K”.
- the pixel density of the display section 21 is preferably 100 ppi or more and 10000 ppi or less, more preferably 1000 ppi or more and 10000 ppi or less. For example, it may be 2000 ppi or more and 6000 ppi or less, or 3000 ppi or more and 5000 ppi or less.
- the pixel density of the display section 21 may be the same as or different from the pixel density of the imaging section 11 .
- the length-to-width ratio (aspect ratio) of the display unit 21 is not particularly limited.
- the display unit 21 of the semiconductor device 100A can support various aspect ratios such as 1:1 (square), 4:3, 16:9, and 16:10.
- the aspect ratio of the display unit 21 may be the same as or different from that of the imaging unit 11 .
- the diagonal size of the display unit 21 may be 0.1 inch or more and 100 inches or less, and may be 100 inches or more.
- the diagonal size of the display unit 21 may be the same as or different from the diagonal size of the imaging unit 11 .
- the diagonal size of the display section 21 is 0.1 inch or more and 5.0 inches or less, preferably 0.5 inch or more and 2.0 inches or less, more preferably. can be greater than or equal to 1 inch and less than or equal to 1.7 inches.
- the diagonal size of the display unit 21 may be set to 1.5 inches or around 1.5 inches.
- the refresh rate of the display portion 21 can be made variable.
- the power consumption can be reduced by adjusting the refresh rate (for example, adjusting within the range of 0.01 Hz to 240 Hz) according to the content displayed on the display unit 21 .
- the drive that reduces the power consumption of the display unit 21 by lowering the refresh rate may be referred to as idling stop (IDS) drive.
- IDS idling stop
- the display unit 21 may be provided with a touch sensor or a near-touch sensor. Further, the drive frequency of the touch sensor or the near touch sensor may be changed according to the refresh rate. For example, when the refresh rate of the display unit 21 is 120 Hz, the driving frequency of the touch sensor or the near-touch sensor can be set to a frequency higher than 120 Hz (typically 240 Hz). With this structure, low power consumption can be achieved and the response speed of the touch sensor or the near touch sensor can be increased.
- a touch sensor or a non-contact sensor is a sensor having a function of detecting proximity or contact of an object (a finger, hand, pen, or the like).
- a touch sensor can detect an object when the object comes into direct contact with the sensor.
- a non-contact sensor can detect an object even if the object does not come into direct contact with the sensor.
- the sensor can detect the object when the distance between the semiconductor device (or the display unit 21) and the object is 0.1 mm or more and 300 mm or less, preferably 3 mm or more and 50 mm or less.
- the semiconductor device can be operated without direct contact with the object, in other words, the semiconductor device can be operated without contact.
- the risk of staining or scratching the semiconductor device can be reduced, or the semiconductor device can be cleaned without direct contact of the object with stains (for example, dust or viruses) attached to the semiconductor device. It becomes possible to operate the device.
- the non-contact sensor function can also be called a hover sensor function, a hover touch sensor function, a near touch sensor function, a touchless sensor function, or the like.
- the touch sensor function can also be called a direct touch sensor function.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a circuit configuration example of the display pixel 230. As shown in FIG. The display pixel 230 has a display pixel circuit 431 and a display element 432 .
- each wiring 236 is electrically connected to q display pixel circuits 431 arranged in one of the display pixel circuits 431 arranged in p rows and q columns in the display section 21 .
- each wiring 237 is electrically connected to p display pixel circuits 431 arranged in any column among the display pixel circuits 431 arranged in p rows and q columns.
- a display pixel circuit 431 includes a transistor 436 , a capacitor 433 , a transistor 251 , and a transistor 434 . Also, the display pixel circuit 431 is electrically connected to the display element 432 .
- One of the source electrode and the drain electrode of transistor 436 is electrically connected to a wiring (hereinafter referred to as signal line DL) to which a data signal (also referred to as "video signal") is applied. Further, a gate electrode of the transistor 436 is electrically connected to a wiring supplied with a gate signal (hereinafter referred to as a scan line GL).
- the signal line DL and the scanning line GL correspond to the wiring 237 and the wiring 236, respectively.
- the transistor 436 has a function of controlling writing of the data signal to the node 435 .
- One of the pair of electrodes of the capacitor 433 is electrically connected to the node 435 and the other is electrically connected to the node 437 .
- the other of the source and drain electrodes of transistor 436 is electrically connected to node 435 .
- the capacitor 433 functions as a storage capacitor that holds the data signal written to the node 435 .
- One of the source electrode and the drain electrode of transistor 251 is electrically connected to potential supply line VL_a, and the other is electrically connected to node 437 . Additionally, the gate electrode of transistor 251 is electrically connected to node 435 .
- One of the source and drain electrodes of transistor 434 is electrically connected to potential supply line V 0 , and the other is electrically connected to node 437 . Further, a gate electrode of the transistor 434 is electrically connected to the scanning line GL.
- One of the anode and cathode of the display element 432 is electrically connected to the potential supply line VL_b and the other is electrically connected to the node 437 .
- a light-emitting element such as a “light-emitting device”
- an organic electroluminescence element also referred to as an "organic EL element”
- the display element 432 is not limited to this, and for example, an inorganic EL element made of an inorganic material may be used.
- the "organic EL element” and the “inorganic EL element” are collectively referred to as the "EL element”.
- the emission color of the EL element can be white, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, or the like, depending on the material forming the EL element.
- a method for realizing color display there are a method in which a display element 432 emitting white light and a colored layer are combined, and a method in which a display element 432 emitting light in a different color is provided for each pixel.
- the former method is more productive than the latter method.
- the latter method requires different display elements 432 for each pixel, and is therefore inferior in productivity to the former method.
- the latter method can obtain an emission color with higher color purity than the former method.
- the color purity can be further enhanced by providing the display element 432 with a microcavity structure.
- Either a low-molecular-weight compound or a high-molecular-weight compound can be used for the display element 432, and an inorganic compound may be included.
- Each of the layers forming the display element 432 can be formed by a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an inkjet method, a coating method, or the like.
- the display element 432 may have inorganic compounds such as quantum dots. For example, by using quantum dots in the light-emitting layer, it can function as a light-emitting material.
- the power supply potential for example, a relatively high potential side potential or a relatively low potential side potential can be used.
- the power supply potential on the high potential side is referred to as a high power supply potential (also referred to as "VDD")
- the power supply potential on the low potential side is referred to as a low power supply potential (also referred to as "VSS").
- the ground potential can be used as a high power supply potential or a low power supply potential. For example, when the high power supply potential is the ground potential, the low power supply potential is lower than the ground potential, and when the low power supply potential is the ground potential, the high power supply potential is higher than the ground potential.
- one of the potential supply line VL_a and the potential supply line VL_b is supplied with the high power supply potential VDD, and the other is supplied with the low power supply potential VSS.
- the display pixel circuits 431 in each row are sequentially selected by the circuit included in the peripheral driver circuit, the transistors 436 and 434 are turned on, and the data signal is written to the node 435 .
- the display pixel circuit 431 to which the data signal is written to the node 435 enters a holding state when the transistors 436 and 434 are turned off. Further, the amount of current flowing between the source electrode and the drain electrode of the transistor 251 is controlled according to the potential of the data signal written to the node 435, and the display element 432 emits light with luminance according to the amount of current. An image can be displayed by sequentially performing this for each row. Transistor 251 is also called a "drive transistor.”
- the emission luminance of the light emitting device included in the display pixel 230 it is necessary to increase the amount of current flowing through the light emitting device.
- the OS transistor Since the OS transistor has a higher breakdown voltage between the source and the drain than the Si transistor, a high voltage can be applied between the source and the drain of the OS transistor. Accordingly, by using an OS transistor as the driving transistor included in the display pixel circuit 431, the amount of current flowing through the light emitting device can be increased, and the light emission luminance of the light emitting device can be increased.
- the OS transistor when the transistor operates in the saturation region, the OS transistor has a smaller change in the source-drain current with respect to the change in the gate-source voltage than the Si transistor. Therefore, by applying an OS transistor as the drive transistor included in the display pixel circuit 431, the current flowing between the source and the drain can be finely determined according to the change in the voltage between the gate and the source. The amount can be finely controlled. Therefore, the number of gradations in the display pixel 230 can be increased.
- the OS transistor flows a more stable current (saturation current) than the Si transistor even when the source-drain voltage gradually increases. be able to. Therefore, by using the OS transistor as the driving transistor, a stable current can be supplied to the light-emitting device even if the current-voltage characteristics of the light-emitting device including the EL material are varied. That is, when the OS transistor operates in the saturation region, even if the source-drain voltage is increased, the source-drain current hardly changes, so that the light emission luminance of the light-emitting device can be stabilized.
- an OS transistor as a driving transistor included in a pixel circuit, it is possible to suppress black floating, increase emission luminance, provide multiple gradations, and suppress variations in light emitting devices. can be planned.
- FIG. 6B shows a modification of the circuit configuration of the display pixel 230 shown in FIG. 6A.
- the gate electrode of transistor 436 is electrically connected to a line to which the first scanning signal is applied (hereinafter referred to as scanning line GL1).
- a gate electrode of the transistor 434 is electrically connected to a line to which a second scanning signal is applied (hereinafter referred to as scanning line GL2).
- the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 6B has a transistor 438 in addition to the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 6A.
- One of the source and drain electrodes of transistor 438 is electrically connected to potential supply line V 0 , and the other is electrically connected to node 435 .
- the gate electrode of transistor 438 is electrically connected to a line to which a third scanning signal is applied (hereinafter referred to as scanning line GL3).
- the scanning line GL1 corresponds to the wiring 236 shown in FIG. 5A. Although wiring corresponding to each of the scanning lines GL2 and GL3 is not shown in FIG. 5A, the scanning lines GL2 and GL3 are electrically connected to the first drive circuit section 231. FIG.
- both the transistor 434 and the transistor 438 are turned on. Then, the potentials of the source electrode and the gate electrode of the transistor 251 become equal. Therefore, the gate voltage of the transistor 251 becomes 0 V, and the current flowing through the display element 432 can be cut off.
- part or all of the transistors forming the display pixel circuit 431 may be formed of transistors having back gates.
- a transistor having a back gate is used as the transistor.
- each of transistors 434, 436, and 438 shows an example in which the gate and back gate are electrically connected.
- the transistor 251 illustrated in FIG. 6B illustrates an example in which the back gate is electrically connected to the node 437 .
- FIG. 6C shows a modification of the circuit configuration of the display pixel 230 shown in FIG. 6A.
- the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 6C has a configuration obtained by removing transistor 434 and potential supply line V0 from the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 6A.
- Other configurations can be understood by referring to the description of the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 6A. Therefore, in order to reduce repetition of the description, detailed description of the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 6C is omitted.
- some or all of the transistors forming the display pixel circuit 431 may be formed of transistors having back gates.
- a transistor having a back gate may be used as the transistor 436 and the back gate and gate may be electrically connected.
- a transistor having a back gate may be used as the transistor 251, and the back gate and one of the source and the drain may be electrically connected.
- a light-emitting element that can be used for a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention is described.
- a light-emitting element can be used for the display element 432 .
- the light emitting element 61 includes an EL layer 172 between a pair of electrodes (conductive layers 171 and 173).
- the EL layer 172 can be composed of multiple layers such as a layer 4420, a light-emitting layer 4411, and a layer 4430.
- FIG. The layer 4420 can include, for example, a layer containing a highly electron-injecting substance (electron-injecting layer) and a layer containing a highly electron-transporting substance (electron-transporting layer).
- the light-emitting layer 4411 includes, for example, a light-emitting compound.
- Layer 4430 can include, for example, a layer containing a substance with high hole-injection properties (hole-injection layer) and a layer containing a substance with high hole-transport properties (hole-transport layer).
- a structure including layer 4420, light-emitting layer 4411, and layer 4430 provided between a pair of electrodes can function as a single light-emitting unit, and the structure of FIG. 7A is referred to herein as a single structure.
- FIG. 7B is a modification of the EL layer 172 included in the light emitting element 61 shown in FIG. 7A.
- layer 4430-1 functions as a hole injection layer
- layer 4430-2 functions as a hole transport layer
- layer 4420-1 functions as an electron Functioning as a transport layer
- layer 4420-2 functions as an electron injection layer.
- layer 4430-1 functions as an electron-injecting layer
- layer 4430-2 functions as an electron-transporting layer
- layer 4420-1 functions as a hole-transporting layer.
- a configuration in which a plurality of light-emitting layers (light-emitting layers 4411, 4412, and 4413) are provided between layers 4420 and 4430 as shown in FIG. 7C is also an example of a single structure.
- tandem structure a structure in which a plurality of light-emitting units (EL layers 172a and 172b) are connected in series via an intermediate layer (charge-generating layer) 4440 is referred to herein as a tandem structure or It is called stack structure. Note that a tandem structure can realize a light-emitting element capable of emitting light with high luminance.
- the EL layers 172a and 172b may emit the same color.
- both the EL layer 172a and the EL layer 172b may emit green light.
- the display section 21 includes three sub-pixels of R, G, and B, and each sub-pixel includes a light-emitting element, the light-emitting elements of each sub-pixel may have a tandem structure.
- the EL layers 172a and 172b of the R sub-pixel each have a material capable of emitting red light
- the EL layers 172a and 172b of the G sub-pixel each have a material capable of emitting green light.
- the EL layer 172a and the EL layer 172b of the B sub-pixel each comprise a material capable of emitting blue light.
- the materials of the light-emitting layers 4411 and 4412 may be the same.
- the emission color of the light-emitting element can be red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellow, white, or the like depending on the material forming the EL layer 172 . Further, the color purity can be further enhanced by providing the light-emitting element with a microcavity structure.
- the light-emitting layer may contain two or more light-emitting substances that emit light such as R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), and O (orange).
- a light-emitting element that emits white light preferably has a structure in which a light-emitting layer contains two or more kinds of light-emitting substances.
- light-emitting substances may be selected so that the luminescent colors of the respective light-emitting substances are in a complementary color relationship.
- the emission color of the first light-emitting layer and the emission color of the second light-emitting layer have a complementary color relationship, a light-emitting element that emits white light as a whole can be obtained.
- a light-emitting element having three or more light-emitting layers can be obtained.
- the light-emitting layer preferably contains two or more light-emitting substances that emit light such as R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), and O (orange).
- R red
- G green
- B blue
- Y yellow
- O orange
- Examples of light-emitting substances include substances that emit fluorescence (fluorescent materials), substances that emit phosphorescence (phosphorescent materials), inorganic compounds (quantum dot materials, etc.), and substances that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (thermally activated delayed fluorescence Fluorescence (TADF) materials) and the like.
- TADF thermally activated delayed fluorescence Fluorescence
- the TADF material a material in which a singlet excited state and a triplet excited state are in thermal equilibrium may be used. Since the TADF material has a long emission lifetime (excitation lifetime), it is possible to suppress a decrease in efficiency in a high-luminance region of the light-emitting element.
- a method for forming the light-emitting element 61 that can be used as the display element 432 is described below.
- FIG. 8A shows a schematic top view of the light emitting element 61 .
- the light emitting element 61 showing red is shown as a light emitting element 61R
- the light emitting element 61 showing green is shown as a light emitting element 61G
- the light emitting element 61 showing blue is shown as a light emitting element 61B.
- the light emitting region of each light emitting element is labeled with R, G, and B.
- the configuration of the light emitting element 61 shown in FIG. 8A may be referred to as an SBS (side-by-side) structure.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 8A has three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B), the configuration is not limited to this. For example, it may be configured to have four or more colors.
- the light emitting elements 61R, 61G, and 61B are arranged in a matrix.
- FIG. 8A shows a so-called stripe arrangement in which light emitting elements of the same color are arranged in one direction. Note that the arrangement method of the light emitting elements is not limited to this, and an arrangement method such as a delta arrangement or a zigzag arrangement may be applied, or a pentile arrangement may be used.
- the light emitting element 61R, the light emitting element 61G, and the light emitting element 61B it is preferable to use an organic EL device such as an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or a QOLED (Quantum-dot Organic Light Emitting Diode).
- the light-emitting substances possessed by the light-emitting element include substances that emit fluorescence (fluorescent materials), substances that emit phosphorescence (phosphorescent materials), inorganic compounds (quantum dot materials, etc.), and substances that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (thermally activated delayed fluorescence (thermally activated delayed fluorescence: TADF) material) and the like.
- FIG. 8B is a schematic cross-sectional view corresponding to the dashed-dotted line A1-A2 in FIG. 8A.
- FIG. 8B shows cross sections of the light emitting element 61R, the light emitting element 61G, and the light emitting element 61B.
- the light-emitting element 61R, the light-emitting element 61G, and the light-emitting element 61B are each provided over the insulating layer 363 and have a conductive layer 171 functioning as a pixel electrode and a conductive layer 173 functioning as a common electrode.
- the insulating layer 363 one or both of an inorganic insulating film and an organic insulating film can be used.
- An inorganic insulating film is preferably used as the insulating layer 363 .
- inorganic insulating films include oxide insulating films and nitride insulating films such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon nitride oxide film, a silicon nitride film, an aluminum oxide film, an aluminum oxynitride film, and a hafnium oxide film. mentioned.
- the light emitting element 61R has an EL layer 172R between a conductive layer 171 functioning as a pixel electrode and a conductive layer 173 functioning as a common electrode.
- the EL layer 172R contains a light-emitting organic compound that emits light having an intensity in at least the red wavelength range.
- the EL layer 172G included in the light-emitting element 61G includes a light-emitting organic compound that emits light having an intensity in at least the green wavelength range.
- the EL layer 172B included in the light-emitting element 61B contains a light-emitting organic compound that emits light having an intensity in at least a blue wavelength range.
- Each of the EL layer 172R, the EL layer 172G, and the EL layer 172B includes an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a hole injection layer, and a hole transport layer in addition to a layer containing a light-emitting organic compound (light-emitting layer). You may have one or more of them.
- a conductive layer 171 functioning as a pixel electrode is provided for each light-emitting element. Further, the conductive layer 173 functioning as a common electrode is provided as a continuous layer common to each light emitting element. A conductive film that transmits visible light is used for one of the conductive layer 171 functioning as a pixel electrode and the conductive layer 173 that functions as a common electrode, and a conductive film having reflective properties is used for the other.
- the conductive layer 171 functioning as a pixel electrode is light-transmitting and the conductive layer 173 functioning as a common electrode is reflective, a bottom emission display device can be obtained.
- a top emission display device When the conductive layer 171 functioning as a common electrode is reflective and the conductive layer 173 functioning as a common electrode is light-transmitting, a top emission display device can be obtained. Note that both the conductive layer 171 functioning as a pixel electrode and the conductive layer 173 functioning as a common electrode are light-transmitting, so that a dual-emission display device can be obtained.
- An insulating layer 272 is provided to cover an end portion of the conductive layer 171 functioning as a pixel electrode.
- the ends of the insulating layer 272 are preferably tapered.
- a material similar to the material that can be used for the insulating layer 363 can be used for the insulating layer 272 .
- Each of the EL layer 172R, the EL layer 172G, and the EL layer 172B has a region in contact with the top surface of the conductive layer 171 functioning as a pixel electrode and a region in contact with the surface of the insulating layer 272 .
- end portions of the EL layer 172R, the EL layer 172G, and the EL layer 172B are located on the insulating layer 272 .
- a gap is provided between the EL layers of the light emitting elements exhibiting two different colors.
- the EL layer 172R, the EL layer 172G, and the EL layer 172B are preferably provided so as not to be in contact with each other. This can suitably prevent current from flowing through two adjacent EL layers to cause unintended light emission (also referred to as crosstalk). Therefore, the contrast can be increased, and a display device with high display quality can be realized.
- the EL layer 172R, the EL layer 172G, and the EL layer 172B can be formed separately by a vacuum evaporation method using a shadow mask such as a metal mask. Alternatively, these may be produced separately by photolithography. By using the photolithography method, it is possible to realize a high-definition display device that is difficult to achieve when using a metal mask.
- a device manufactured using a metal mask or FMM fine metal mask, high-definition metal mask
- a device with an MM (metal mask) structure is sometimes referred to as a device with an MM (metal mask) structure.
- a device manufactured using FMM may be referred to as a device with an FMM structure.
- a device manufactured without using a metal mask or FMM may be referred to as a device with an MML (metal maskless) structure. Since a display device with an MML structure is manufactured without using a metal mask, it has a higher degree of freedom in designing pixel arrangement, pixel shape, etc. than a display device with an FMM structure or an MM structure.
- the island-shaped EL layer is not formed by the pattern of the metal mask, but is formed by forming the EL layer over the entire surface and then processing it. Therefore, it is possible to realize a high-definition display device or a display device with a high aperture ratio, which has hitherto been difficult to achieve. Furthermore, since the EL layer can be separately formed for each color, a display device with extremely vivid, high-contrast, and high-quality display can be realized. Further, by providing the sacrificial layer over the EL layer, damage to the EL layer during the manufacturing process of the display device can be reduced, and the reliability of the light-emitting device can be improved.
- FMM fine metal mask
- a metal mask also referred to as FMM
- FMM metal mask having openings so that the EL material is deposited in desired regions during EL deposition
- the EL material is vapor-deposited in a desired region by performing EL vapor deposition through FMM.
- the substrate size for EL vapor deposition increases, the size and weight of the FMM also increase.
- heat or the like is applied to the FMM during EL vapor deposition, the FMM may be deformed.
- there is a method of applying a constant tension to the FMM during EL deposition, and the weight and strength of the FMM are important parameters.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is manufactured using the MML structure, it has an excellent effect such as a higher degree of freedom in pixel arrangement and the like than the FMM structure.
- this structure is highly compatible with, for example, a flexible device, and one or both of the pixel and the driver circuit can have various circuit arrangements.
- a protective layer 271 is provided on the conductive layer 173 functioning as a common electrode to cover the light emitting elements 61R, 61G, and 61B.
- the protective layer 271 has a function of preventing impurities such as water from diffusing into each light emitting element from above.
- the protective layer 271 can have, for example, a single-layer structure or a laminated structure including at least an inorganic insulating film.
- inorganic insulating films include oxide films and nitride films such as silicon oxide films, silicon oxynitride films, silicon nitride oxide films, silicon nitride films, aluminum oxide films, aluminum oxynitride films, and hafnium oxide films.
- a semiconductor material such as indium gallium oxide or indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) may be used as the protective layer 271 .
- the protective layer 271 may be formed using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, or a sputtering method.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the protective layer 271 may have a laminated structure of an inorganic insulating film and an organic insulating film.
- a nitrided oxide refers to a compound containing more nitrogen than oxygen.
- An oxynitride is a compound containing more oxygen than nitrogen.
- the content of each element can be measured using, for example, Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS).
- processing can be performed using a wet etching method or a dry etching method.
- a chemical solution such as oxalic acid, phosphoric acid, or a mixed chemical solution (for example, a mixed chemical solution of phosphoric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, and water (also referred to as a mixed acid aluminum etchant)) is used.
- FIG. 8C shows an example different from the above. Specifically, FIG. 8C has a light emitting element 61W that emits white light.
- the light emitting element 61W has an EL layer 172W that emits white light between a conductive layer 171 functioning as a pixel electrode and a conductive layer 173 functioning as a common electrode.
- the EL layer 172W for example, a structure in which two light-emitting layers are stacked so that their emission colors are complementary to each other can be used. Alternatively, a laminated EL layer in which a charge generation layer is sandwiched between light emitting layers may be used. Also, the EL layer 172W may have three or more light-emitting layers.
- FIG. 8C shows three light emitting elements 61W side by side.
- a colored layer 264R is provided above the left light emitting element 61W.
- the colored layer 264R functions as a bandpass filter that transmits red light.
- a colored layer 264G that transmits green light is provided over the central light emitting element 61W
- a colored layer 264B that transmits blue light is provided over the right light emitting element 61W. This allows the display device to display a color image.
- the EL layer 172W and the conductive layer 173 functioning as a common electrode are separated from each other. This can prevent current from flowing through the EL layer 172W in the two adjacent light emitting elements 61W and causing unintended light emission.
- the EL layer 172W and the conductive layer 173 functioning as a common electrode are preferably separated by a photolithography method. As a result, the distance between the light emitting elements can be narrowed, so that a display device with a high aperture ratio can be realized as compared with the case of using a shadow mask such as a metal mask.
- a colored layer may be provided between the conductive layer 171 functioning as a pixel electrode and the insulating layer 363 .
- FIG. 8D shows an example different from the above. Specifically, FIG. 8D shows a configuration in which the insulating layer 272 covering the end portion of the conductive layer 171 is not provided between the light emitting element 61R, the light emitting element 61G, and the light emitting element 61B. In other words, an insulator is not provided between the conductive layer 171 and the EL layer 172 . With such a structure, light emission from the EL layer can be efficiently extracted, so that viewing angle dependency can be extremely reduced.
- the viewing angle (the maximum angle at which a constant contrast ratio is maintained when the screen is viewed obliquely) is 100° or more and less than 180°, preferably 150°.
- the display device can have a high aperture ratio.
- the protective layer 271 covers the side surfaces of the EL layer 172R, the EL layer 172G, and the EL layer 172B. With such a structure, impurities (typically, water or the like) that can enter from side surfaces of the EL layers 172R, 172G, and 172B can be suppressed.
- impurities typically, water or the like
- the top surface shapes of the conductive layer 171, the EL layer 172R, and the conductive layer 173 are substantially the same.
- Such a structure can be collectively formed using a resist mask or the like after the conductive layer 171, the EL layer 172R, and the conductive layer 173 are formed. Since such a process processes the EL layer 172R and the conductive layer 173 using the conductive layer 173 as a mask, it can also be called self-aligned patterning. Note that although the EL layer 172R is described here, the EL layers 172G and 172B can also have the same structure.
- FIG. 8D shows a structure in which a protective layer 273 is further provided on the protective layer 271.
- the protective layer 271 is formed using an apparatus capable of forming a film with high coverage (typically an ALD apparatus or the like), and the protective layer 273 is formed using a film with lower coverage than the protective layer 271.
- a region 275 can be provided between the protective layer 271 and the protective layer 273 by forming with an apparatus (typically, a sputtering apparatus or the like). In other words, the region 275 is positioned between the EL layer 172R and the EL layer 172G and between the EL layer 172G and the EL layer 172B.
- the region 275 has one or more selected from, for example, air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and Group 18 elements (typically, helium, neon, argon, xenon, krypton, etc.). .
- the region 275 may contain a gas used for forming the protective layer 273, for example.
- the region 275 may contain any one or more of the group 18 elements described above.
- the region 275 contains a gas
- the gas can be identified by a gas chromatography method or the like.
- the film of the protective layer 273 may contain the gas used for sputtering. In this case, an element such as argon may be detected when the protective layer 273 is analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX analysis) or the like.
- EDX analysis energy dispersive X-ray analysis
- the refractive index of the region 275 is lower than that of the protective layer 271 , light emitted from the EL layer 172 R, the EL layer 172 G, or the EL layer 172 B is reflected at the interface between the protective layer 271 and the region 275 . Accordingly, light emitted from the EL layer 172R, the EL layer 172G, or the EL layer 172B can be prevented from entering adjacent pixels in some cases. As a result, it is possible to suppress the mixture of different emission colors from adjacent pixels, so that the display quality of the display device can be improved.
- the region between the light emitting elements 61R and 61G, or the region between the light emitting elements 61G and 61B can be narrowed.
- the distance between the light emitting elements is 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 500 nm or less, more preferably 200 nm or less, 100 nm or less, 90 nm or less, 70 nm or less, 50 nm or less, 30 nm or less, 20 nm or less, 15 nm or less, or 10 nm.
- the distance between the side surface of the EL layer 172R and the side surface of the EL layer 172G or the distance between the side surface of the EL layer 172G and the side surface of the EL layer 172B is 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m (500 nm). ), more preferably 100 nm or less.
- the region 275 contains gas, it is possible to suppress color mixture or crosstalk of light from each light emitting element while separating the light emitting elements.
- the region 275 may be filled with a filler.
- Fillers include epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, phenol resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, polyimideamide resin, siloxane resin, benzocyclobutene resin, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin. , EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin, and the like.
- a photosensitive resin for example, a resist material, etc.
- a photosensitive resin used as a filler may be of a positive type or a negative type.
- the filling of the region 275 can be realized only by the steps of exposure and development.
- the region 275 may be filled with a negative photosensitive resin as a filler.
- the white light emitting device when comparing the white light emitting device (single structure or tandem structure) and the light emitting device having the SBS structure, the light emitting device having the SBS structure can consume less power than the white light emitting device. If it is desired to keep power consumption low, it is preferable to use a light-emitting device with an SBS structure. On the other hand, the white light emitting device is preferable because the manufacturing process is simpler than that of the SBS structure light emitting device, so that the manufacturing cost can be lowered or the manufacturing yield can be increased.
- FIG. 9A shows an example different from the above. Specifically, the configuration shown in FIG. 9A differs from the configuration shown in FIG. 8D in the configuration of the insulating layer 363 .
- the insulating layer 363 has a concave portion due to a part of the upper surface thereof being shaved during processing of the light emitting elements 61R, 61G, and 61B.
- a protective layer 271 is formed in the recess. In other words, in a cross-sectional view, the lower surface of the protective layer 271 has a region located below the lower surface of the conductive layer 171 .
- impurities typically, water, etc.
- the above-described concave portion is used when removing impurities (also referred to as residue) that may adhere to the side surfaces of the light emitting elements 61R, 61G, and 61B by wet etching or the like during processing of the light emitting elements 61R, 61G, and 61B. can be formed.
- a protective layer 271 By covering the side surface of each light-emitting element with a protective layer 271 after removing the above residue, a highly reliable display device can be obtained.
- FIG. 9B shows an example different from the above.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 9B has an insulating layer 276 and a microlens array 277 in addition to the configuration shown in FIG. 9A.
- the insulating layer 276 functions as an adhesive layer.
- the microlens array 277 can collect light emitted from the light emitting elements 61R, 61G, and 61B. . Thereby, the light extraction efficiency of the display device can be improved.
- a bright image can be visually recognized, which is preferable.
- various curable adhesives such as photocurable adhesives such as ultraviolet curable adhesives, reaction curable adhesives, thermosetting adhesives, and anaerobic adhesives can be used.
- These adhesives include epoxy resins, acrylic resins, silicone resins, phenol resins, polyimide resins, imide resins, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resins, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resins, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resins, and the like.
- a material with low moisture permeability such as epoxy resin is preferable.
- a two-liquid mixed type resin may be used.
- an adhesive sheet or the like may be used.
- FIG. 9C shows an example different from the above.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 9C has three light emitting elements 61W instead of the light emitting elements 61R, 61G, and 61B in the configuration shown in FIG. 9A.
- an insulating layer 276 is provided above the three light emitting elements 61W, and a colored layer 264R, a colored layer 264G, and a colored layer 264B are provided above the insulating layer 276.
- FIG. 9C shows an example different from the above.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 9C has three light emitting elements 61W instead of the light emitting elements 61R, 61G, and 61B in the configuration shown in FIG. 9A.
- an insulating layer 276 is provided above the three light emitting elements 61W, and a colored layer 264R, a colored layer 264G, and a colored layer 264B are provided above the insulating layer 276.
- a colored layer 264R that transmits red light is provided at a position overlapping with the left light emitting element 61W
- a colored layer 264G that transmits green light is provided at a position overlapping with the central light emitting element 61W
- a colored layer 264G that transmits green light is provided at a position overlapping with the left light emitting element 61W.
- a colored layer 264B that transmits blue light is provided at a position overlapping with the light emitting element 61W. This allows the display device to display a color image.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 9C is also a modification of the configuration shown in FIG. 8C.
- a colored layer may be called a "color filter.”
- the light emitting element 61W shown in FIG. 9C can have a structure (single structure or tandem structure) capable of emitting white light as described above. Note that a tandem structure is preferable because high-brightness light emission can be obtained.
- a display having a high contrast ratio is obtained by combining the above structure capable of emitting white light (one or both of a single structure and a tandem structure), a color filter, and an MML structure of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9D shows an example different from the above. Specifically, in the configuration shown in FIG. 9D, a protective layer 271 is provided adjacent to side surfaces of the conductive layer 171 and the EL layer 172 . Further, the conductive layer 173 is provided as a continuous layer common to each light emitting element. Also, in the configuration shown in FIG. 9D, the region 275 is preferably filled with a filler material.
- the color purity of the emitted light can be enhanced.
- the product (optical distance) of the distance d between the conductive layers 171 and 173 and the refractive index n of the EL layer 172 is m times half the wavelength ⁇ . (m is an integer equal to or greater than 1).
- the distance d can be obtained by Equation (1).
- the distance d of the light emitting element 61 having a microcavity structure is determined according to the wavelength (emission color) of the emitted light.
- the distance d corresponds to the thickness of the EL layer 172 . Therefore, the EL layer 172G may be thicker than the EL layer 172B, and the EL layer 172R may be thicker than the EL layer 172G.
- the distance d is the distance from the reflective region of the conductive layer 171 functioning as a reflective electrode to the reflective region of the conductive layer 173 functioning as a semi-transmissive/semi-reflective electrode.
- the distance d can be set according to the emission color by adjusting the film thickness of the ITO. That is, even if the thicknesses of the EL layer 172R, the EL layer 172G, and the EL layer 172B are the same, the distance d suitable for the emission color can be obtained by changing the thickness of the ITO.
- the light emitting element 61 is composed of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and the like.
- the optical distance from the conductive layer 171 functioning as a reflective electrode to the light emitting layer is preferably an odd multiple of ⁇ /4. In order to realize the optical distance, it is preferable to appropriately adjust the thickness of each layer constituting the light emitting element 61 .
- the reflectance of the conductive layer 173 is preferably higher than the transmittance.
- the light transmittance of the conductive layer 173 is preferably 2% to 50%, more preferably 2% to 30%, further preferably 2% to 10%.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of part of the semiconductor device 100A.
- the semiconductor device 100A has a bonding surface between layers 10 and 20 .
- Layer 10 includes light shielding layer 252, optical conversion layer 250 (color filter), microlens 19, photoelectric conversion device 101, insulating layer 241, insulating layer 242, insulating layer 245, insulating layer 246, insulating layer 247, and insulating layer 249.
- a conductive layer 248 is embedded in the insulating layer 249 .
- the height of the top surface of the conductive layer 248 and the height of the top surface of the insulating layer 249 can be made approximately the same.
- the photoelectric conversion device 101 is a pn junction photodiode formed on a silicon substrate and has a p-type region 243 and an n-type region 244 .
- the photoelectric conversion device 101 is an embedded photodiode, and the thin p-type region 243 provided on the surface side (current extraction side) of the n-type region 244 can suppress dark current and reduce noise.
- the insulating layer 241 functions as a blocking layer.
- the insulating layer 242 functions as an element isolation layer.
- the insulating layer 245 has a function of suppressing outflow of carriers.
- the silicon substrate is provided with trenches for separating pixels, and the insulating layer 245 is provided on the upper surface of the silicon substrate and in the trenches.
- the insulating layer 245 By providing the insulating layer 245, carriers generated in the photoelectric conversion device 101 can be prevented from flowing out to adjacent pixels.
- the insulating layer 245 also has a function of suppressing the entry of stray light. Therefore, the insulating layer 245 can suppress color mixture.
- An antireflection film may be provided between the upper surface of the silicon substrate and the insulating layer 245 .
- the element isolation layer can be formed using a LOCOS (LOCal Oxidation of Silicon) method, an STI (Shallow Trench Isolation) method, or the like.
- LOCOS LOCal Oxidation of Silicon
- STI Shallow Trench Isolation
- the insulating layer 245 for example, an inorganic insulating film such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride, or an organic insulating film such as polyimide or acrylic resin can be used. Note that the insulating layer 245 may have a multilayer structure.
- Transistor 102 is a Si transistor. One of the source and the drain of the transistor 102 is directly connected to the photoelectric conversion device 101, and the other of the source and the drain functions as a node FD.
- Transistor 102 is provided in the silicon substrate of layer 10 .
- the transistor 102 is one of transistors that constitute the imaging pixel 12 . Further, other transistors forming the imaging pixel 12 and transistors forming the first driver circuit section 13, the second driver circuit section 14, the readout circuit section 15, and the control circuit section 16 are also provided on the silicon substrate. ing.
- various circuits such as a shift register, a level shifter, an inverter, a latch, an analog switch, or a logic circuit may be used. can be done.
- the n-type region 244 (corresponding to the cathode) of photoelectric conversion device 101 is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of transistor 102 of layer 10 through a thin p-type region.
- the p-type region 243 (anode) is electrically connected to a wiring functioning as a power supply line (not shown).
- the light shielding layer 252 can suppress the inflow of light to adjacent pixels.
- a metal layer such as aluminum or tungsten can be used for the light shielding layer 252 .
- the metal layer may be laminated with a dielectric film functioning as an antireflection film.
- a color filter can be used for the optical conversion layer 250 .
- a color image can be obtained by assigning color filters of colors such as R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), C (cyan), and M (magenta) to each pixel.
- a semiconductor device capable of obtaining images in various wavelength regions can be obtained.
- the optical conversion layer 250 uses a filter that blocks light having a wavelength of visible light or less.
- an infrared imaging device can be obtained.
- a filter that blocks light having a wavelength of near-infrared rays or less is used for the optical conversion layer 250.
- a far-infrared imaging device can be obtained.
- an ultraviolet imaging device can be obtained.
- an imaging device for obtaining an image in which intensity of radiation used for an X-ray imaging device or the like is visualized can be obtained.
- radiation such as X-rays transmitted through a subject
- light fluorescence
- visible light and/or ultraviolet light by the photoluminescence phenomenon.
- imaging data is obtained.
- an imaging device having such a configuration may be used as a radiation detector or the like.
- a scintillator includes a substance that absorbs the energy of radiation such as X-rays and/or gamma rays and emits visible light and/or ultraviolet light.
- a substance that absorbs the energy of radiation such as X-rays and/or gamma rays and emits visible light and/or ultraviolet light.
- Those dispersed in resin or ceramics can be used.
- a microlens 19 is provided so as to overlap the photoelectric conversion device 101 .
- Light 260 incident from the outside passes through the microlens 19 and the optical conversion layer 250 and irradiates the photoelectric conversion device 101 .
- the microlens 19 is preferably made of resin, glass, or the like, which is highly transparent to visible light.
- Layer 20 comprises a substrate 701 on which a transistor 251 is provided.
- the transistor 251 is a transistor included in the display pixel circuit 431, for example.
- a single crystal semiconductor substrate such as a single crystal silicon substrate can be used.
- a semiconductor substrate other than a single crystal semiconductor substrate may be used as the substrate 701 .
- an insulator substrate or a semiconductor substrate can be used.
- insulator substrates include glass substrates, quartz substrates, sapphire substrates, stabilized zirconia substrates (yttria stabilized zirconia substrates, etc.), resin substrates, and the like.
- semiconductor substrates include semiconductor substrates such as silicon and germanium, and compound semiconductor substrates made of silicon carbide, silicon germanium, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, zinc oxide, and gallium oxide.
- a semiconductor substrate having an insulator region inside the semiconductor substrate such as an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate.
- SOI Silicon On Insulator
- the crystallinity of the semiconductor substrate is not limited.
- a semiconductor substrate used as the substrate 701 may be a single crystal semiconductor substrate, a polycrystalline semiconductor substrate, or an amorphous semiconductor substrate.
- a printed wiring board (PWB) may be used as the substrate 701 .
- the transistor 251 is a Si transistor.
- the transistor 251 is electrically isolated from other transistors by an isolation layer 403 .
- FIG. 10 shows the case where the element isolation layer 403 electrically isolates the transistor 251 from other transistors.
- the element isolation layer 403 can be formed using the LOCOS method, the STI method, or the like.
- the semiconductor region 447 of the transistor 251 has a convex shape.
- a conductive layer 443 is provided so as to cover the side surface and the top surface of the semiconductor region 447 with the insulating layer 445 interposed therebetween. Note that FIG. 10 does not show how the conductive layer 443 covers the side surface of the semiconductor region 447 .
- a material that adjusts the work function can be used for the conductive layer 443 .
- a transistor in which a semiconductor region has a convex shape such as the transistor 251 can be called a fin transistor because it uses a convex portion of a semiconductor substrate.
- an insulator functioning as a mask for forming the projection may be provided in contact with the upper portion of the projection.
- FIG. 10 shows a structure in which part of the substrate 701 is processed to form a convex portion, a semiconductor having a convex shape may be formed by processing an SOI substrate.
- transistor 251 illustrated in FIG. 10 is an example, and the structure is not limited to that structure, and an appropriate structure may be employed depending on the circuit structure, the operation method of the circuit, or the like.
- transistor 251 may be a planar transistor.
- An insulating layer 405 , an insulating layer 407 , an insulating layer 409 , an insulating layer 361 , and an insulating layer 363 are provided over the substrate 701 in addition to the element isolation layer 403 and the transistor 251 .
- a conductive layer 451 is embedded in the insulating layer 409 .
- the height of the top surface of the conductive layer 451 and the height of the top surface of the insulating layer 409 can be made approximately the same.
- a conductive layer 453 is embedded in the insulating layer 407 , the insulating layer 405 , the element isolation layer 403 , and the substrate 701 .
- the conductive layer 453 functions as a Si through electrode (TSV: Through Silicon Via).
- a conductive layer 311 , a conductive layer 313 , a conductive layer 331 , and a capacitor 433 are embedded in the insulating layer 361 .
- the conductive layers 311 and 313 function as wirings.
- Conductive layers 311 and 331 are electrically connected to transistor 251 .
- FIG. 10 shows an example in which the capacitor 433 is provided over the insulating layer 409, the capacitor 433 may be provided over an insulator different from the insulating layer 409.
- a conductive layer 341 and a conductive layer 351 are embedded in the insulating layer 363 .
- the height of the upper surface of the conductive layer 351 and the height of the upper surface of the insulating layer 363 can be made approximately the same.
- the insulating layer 405, the insulating layer 407, the insulating layer 409, the insulating layer 361, and the insulating layer 363 function as interlayer films and function as planarization films that cover the uneven shapes below them. good too.
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 363 may be planarized by a planarization process using a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method or the like in order to improve planarity.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- layers 10 and 20 are connected by an adhesive layer 459 .
- an adhesive layer 459 is provided between the insulating layer 249 and the substrate 701 .
- a bump 458 is embedded in the adhesive layer 459 .
- Bump 458 is electrically conductive.
- a portion of bump 458 is electrically connected to conductive layer 248 and another portion is electrically connected to conductive layer 453 .
- Layers 10 and 20 are thus electrically connected via bumps 458 .
- TSV connection the structure or process of bonding two layers using a through-Si electrode
- TSV bonding the structure or process of bonding two layers using a through-Si electrode
- the layer 10 and the layer 20 are bonded together by TSV bonding in the present embodiment, they may be bonded together by Cu—Cu bonding, which will be described later.
- the layer 10 and the layer 20 may be bonded not only between the planes of the layer 10 and the layer 20 but also between one plane and the other side. Alternatively, both side surfaces may be bonded together. Moreover, the layer 10 and the layer 20 may not be attached together as needed.
- Layer 60 is provided on layer 20 .
- Layer 60 comprises light emitting elements 61 .
- the light emitting element 61 includes a conductive layer 171 , an EL layer 172 and a conductive layer 173 .
- the EL layer 172 has an organic compound or an inorganic compound such as quantum dots.
- Materials that can be used for the organic compound include fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials, and the like.
- Materials that can be used for quantum dots include colloidal quantum dot materials, alloy quantum dot materials, core-shell quantum dot materials, core quantum dot materials, and the like.
- Conductive layer 171 is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of transistor 251 through conductive layer 351 , conductive layer 341 , and conductive layer 311 .
- the conductive layer 171 is formed over the insulating layer 363 and functions as a pixel electrode.
- a material that transmits visible light or a material that reflects visible light can be used for the conductive layer 171 .
- translucent materials include oxide materials containing indium and zinc, oxide materials containing indium, gallium and zinc (also referred to as "IGZO"), oxide materials containing indium and tin (“ITO ), or an oxide material containing indium, tin, or silicon (also referred to as “ITSO”), or the like may be used.
- IGZO oxide materials containing indium and zinc
- ITO oxide materials containing indium and tin
- ITSO oxide material containing indium, tin, or silicon
- a reflective material for example, a material containing aluminum, silver, or the like may be used.
- the conductive layer 171 when the light 175 emitted by the light emitting element 61 is emitted from the conductive layer 173 side, the conductive layer 171 preferably contains a reflective material.
- the conductive layer 171 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.
- the conductive layer 171 when used as an anode, it may have a three-layer structure in which silver is sandwiched between two layers of ITO.
- the conductive layer 171 may have a three-layer structure in which aluminum, titanium oxide, and ITO (or ITSO) are stacked in this order from the formation surface side. good.
- the conductive layer 171 may have a two-layer structure in which aluminum and IGZO are stacked in this order from the formation surface side.
- the semiconductor device 100A may be provided with optical members such as a polarizing member, a phase difference member, and an antireflection member.
- the light-emitting element 61 shown in FIG. 10 has a top-emission structure in which light 175 is emitted from the conductive layer 173 side by using a reflective material for the conductive layer 171 and using a light-transmitting material for the conductive layer 173. can be
- a portion corresponding to the filling layer 732 may be filled with an inert gas containing a Group 18 element (rare gas (noble gas)) and/or nitrogen. good.
- a light-transmitting material for the filling layer 732 it is preferable to use a light-transmitting material for the filling layer 732 .
- a transistor including various semiconductors can be used as a transistor included in a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a transistor including a single crystal semiconductor, a polycrystalline semiconductor, a microcrystalline semiconductor, or an amorphous semiconductor for a channel formation region can be used.
- a compound semiconductor for example, SiGe, GaAs, etc.
- an oxide semiconductor or the like can be used instead of a single semiconductor whose main component is a single element.
- transistors with various structures can be used as the transistor included in the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention.
- planar type FIN type (fin type), TRI-GATE type (tri-gate type), top gate type, bottom gate type, double gate type (gates are arranged above and below the channel), etc.
- a transistor having such a configuration can be used.
- a transistor included in the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention a MOS transistor, a junction transistor, a bipolar transistor, or the like can be used.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a usage example of a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- 11A and 11B show an example of photographing a subject 190 using the semiconductor device 100A.
- a subject image is projected onto the imaging section 11 provided in the layer 10 of the semiconductor device 100A via an optical member 180 including a lens 181 (see FIG. 11A).
- an optical member 180 including a lens 181 (see FIG. 11A).
- a lens, a prism, a total reflection mirror, a semitransparent mirror (half mirror), a polarizing member, a phase difference member, an antireflection member, and/or a shutter can be used.
- the subject image projected on the imaging unit 11 is converted into an electric signal by the imaging unit 11 .
- the electrical signal is transmitted to layer 20 comprising display 21 .
- the electrical signal transmitted to the layer 20 is reconstructed as an image and displayed on the display section 21 (see FIG. 11B).
- the layer 10 and the layer 20 are provided so as to overlap each other; That is, it is possible to reduce the time difference from photographing the subject to displaying it.
- One aspect of the present invention is particularly effective in shooting a moving subject.
- the semiconductor device 100A according to one aspect of the present invention can operate the imaging unit 11 and the display unit 21 independently.
- the semiconductor device 100 ⁇ /b>A according to one aspect of the present invention can operate only the display unit 21 without operating the imaging unit 11 .
- the semiconductor device 100A according to one aspect of the present invention can operate only the imaging unit 11 without operating the display unit 21 .
- the semiconductor device 100 ⁇ /b>A according to one embodiment of the present invention can also display an image different from the image obtained by the photographing on the display unit 21 while photographing using the imaging unit 11 .
- the resolution, pixel density, diagonal size, and the like of the imaging unit 11 and the display unit 21 do not necessarily have to match. Further, when viewed in the Z direction, the semiconductor device 100A may or may not have a region in which the imaging section 11 and the display section 21 overlap each other.
- the semiconductor device 100A includes layers 10, 20, and 60. As shown in FIG. However, the semiconductor device 100A according to one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. At least one of the layers 10, 20, and 60 included in the semiconductor device 100A may be omitted. Also, in addition to layers 10, 20, and 60, other layers may be provided, including functional circuits, such as memory circuits, for example.
- FIG. 2 a semiconductor device 100B, which is a modification of the semiconductor device 100A, will be described.
- Semiconductor device 100B differs from semiconductor device 100A in the configuration of layer 10 .
- 12 and 13 are perspective views illustrating the configuration of the semiconductor device 100B.
- 12A is a front side perspective view of the semiconductor device 100B
- FIG. 12B is a back side perspective view of the semiconductor device 100B.
- the layers 10 and 20 are separated from each other in order to make the configuration of the semiconductor device 100B easier to understand.
- this embodiment mainly describes the configuration of the semiconductor device 100B that is different from that of the semiconductor device 100A.
- the description given in other embodiments and the like may be referred to.
- Layer 10 of semiconductor device 100B comprises layer 10a and layer 10b.
- the layer 10a and the layer 10b are provided on top of each other.
- the layer 10 a includes an imaging section 11
- the layer 10 b includes a first drive circuit section 13 , a second drive circuit section 14 , a readout circuit section 15 and a control circuit section 16 .
- the imaging section 11 by stacking the imaging section 11 and the functional circuit, the area occupied by the imaging section 11 can be increased. Therefore, the resolution of the imaging section 11 can be enhanced. Alternatively, the area occupied by one pixel can be increased. Therefore, the light receiving sensitivity of the imaging section 11 can be enhanced. Also, the imaging quality of the semiconductor device 100B can be improved.
- FIG. 13 shows an example in which a DSP circuit section 17 (DSP: Digital Signal Processor) and a memory circuit section 18 are provided in the layer 10b.
- the DSP circuit section 17 can perform various processing on the imaging data acquired by the imaging section 11 .
- the storage circuit unit 18 has a function of temporarily holding the imaging data acquired by the imaging unit 11 and the imaging data processed by the DSP circuit unit 17 .
- Storage devices of various storage methods can be used as the storage circuit unit 18 .
- DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
- SRAM Static Random Access Memory
- phase change memory PCM: Phase-Change Memory
- Resistance change memory Resistive Random Access Memory
- MRAM Magnetoresistive memory
- FeRAM Ferroelectric Random Access Memory
- Antiferroelectric Memory Antiferroelectric Memory
- a flash memory may be used as the storage circuit section 18 .
- NOSRAM Nonvolatile Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory
- DOSRAM Dynamic Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory
- NOSRAM and DOSRAM are types of memory devices using OS transistors.
- the storage circuit section 18 may include multiple types of storage devices. For example, a non-volatile storage device and a volatile storage device may be provided.
- the storage circuit unit 18 has a function of holding various programs used in the semiconductor device 100B and data necessary for the operation of the semiconductor device 100B.
- the functional circuits included in the layer 10b may not have all the configurations shown in the present embodiment and the like, and may have configurations other than these. Also, part of the functional circuit may be provided in the layer 10a.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of part of the semiconductor device 100B.
- the semiconductor device 100B has a bonding surface between the layers 10a and 20 and a bonding surface between the layers 10a and 10b.
- the bonding surface between the layers 10a and 20 is the same as the bonding surface between the layers 10 and 20 in the semiconductor device 100A.
- Layer 10 a comprises an insulating layer 423 overlying insulating layer 249 of layer 10 and having a configuration in which conductive layer 455 is embedded in insulating layer 423 .
- Layer 10b may be configured similarly to layer 20.
- FIG. FIG. 14 shows an example including a substrate 701_2, an element isolation layer 403_2, an insulating layer 405_2, an insulating layer 407_2, an insulating layer 409_2, and a conductive layer 453_2.
- Layer 10b also comprises transistor 104 .
- the transistor 104 can have a structure similar to that of the transistor 251 .
- Layer 10b may also comprise other transistors, as well as capacitive elements and the like.
- the substrate 701_2 corresponds to the substrate 701, and the element isolation layer 403_2 corresponds to the element isolation layer 403.
- the layer 10b includes an insulating layer 424 overlying the insulating layer 409_2 and a conductive layer 456 embedded in the insulating layer 424 .
- the surfaces of the insulating layer 423 and the conductive layer 455 are planarized so that their heights are the same.
- the surfaces of the insulating layer 424 and the conductive layer 456 are planarized so that their heights are the same.
- the conductive layers 455 and 456 preferably have the same metal element as the main component.
- Insulating layer 423 and insulating layer 424 are preferably made of the same component.
- the conductive layers 455 and 456 can be made of Cu, Al, Sn, Zn, W, Ag, Pt, Au, or the like. It is preferable to use Cu, Al, W, or Au because of ease of bonding. Silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, or the like can be used for the insulating layers 423 and 424 .
- the same metal material described above is preferably used for each of the conductive layers 455 and 456 .
- the same insulating material as described above is preferably used for each of the insulating layer 423 and the insulating layer 424 . With this structure, bonding can be performed using the boundary between the layers 10a and 10b as the bonding position.
- the conductive layer 455 and the conductive layer 456 may have a multilayer structure of a plurality of layers, and in that case, the surface layers (bonding surfaces) may be made of the same metal material.
- the insulating layer 423 and the insulating layer 424 may also have a multi-layered structure of a plurality of layers.
- a surface activation joining method can be used in which an oxide film and an adsorption layer of impurities on the surface are removed by a sputtering process or the like, and the cleaned and activated surfaces are brought into contact with each other and joined.
- a diffusion bonding method or the like in which surfaces are bonded using both temperature and pressure can be used. In both cases, bonding occurs at the atomic level, so excellent bonding can be obtained not only electrically but also mechanically.
- the surface of the metal layer is subjected to an anti-oxidation treatment, and then a hydrophilic treatment is performed, followed by bonding.
- the surface of the metal layer may be made of a hard-to-oxidize metal such as Au and subjected to a hydrophilic treatment.
- the imaging section 11 included in the layer 10a can be electrically connected to the first drive circuit section 13, the second drive circuit section 14, the readout circuit section 15, and the like included in the layer 10b.
- the layer 10b and the layer 20 may be bonded together by Cu--Cu bonding.
- the layers 10a and 10b may be bonded by TSV bonding.
- a semiconductor device 100C which is a modification of the semiconductor device 100B, will be described.
- Semiconductor device 100C differs from semiconductor device 100B in the configuration of layer 20 .
- 15 and 16 are perspective views illustrating the configuration of the semiconductor device 100C. In FIG. 16, the layers 10 and 20 are separated from each other in order to make the configuration of the semiconductor device 100C easier to understand.
- Layer 20 of semiconductor device 100C comprises layer 20a and layer 20b.
- the layer 20a and the layer 20b are provided on top of each other.
- the layer 20 a has a first drive circuit section 231 and a second drive circuit section 232
- the layer 20 b has a display section 21 and an input/output terminal section 29 .
- the width of the frame around the display section 21 can be made extremely narrow, the area occupied by the display section 21 can be increased. Therefore, the display quality of the semiconductor device 100C can be improved.
- the occupied area per pixel can be increased. Therefore, the emission brightness of the display section 21 can be increased.
- the aperture ratio of pixels can be increased.
- the pixel aperture ratio can be 40% or more and less than 100%, preferably 50% or more and 95% or less, more preferably 60% or more and 95% or less.
- the current density supplied to the pixel can be reduced. Therefore, the load applied to the pixel is reduced, and the reliability of the semiconductor device 100C can be improved.
- the wiring for electrically connecting them can be shortened. Therefore, wiring resistance and parasitic capacitance are reduced, and the operating speed of the semiconductor device 100C can be increased. Also, the power consumption of the semiconductor device 100C is reduced.
- the layer 20a also includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 23, a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) 24, and a memory circuit section 25 in addition to the peripheral drive circuits.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- GPU Graphics Processing Unit
- the CPU 23 has a function of controlling the operations of the circuits provided in the GPU 24 and the layer 20a in accordance with the programs stored in the storage circuit section 25 .
- the GPU 24 has a function of performing arithmetic processing for forming a video signal. Also, since the GPU 24 can perform many matrix operations (product-sum operations) in parallel, it is possible to perform, for example, arithmetic processing using a neural network at high speed.
- the GPU 24 has a function of correcting the video signal using correction data stored in the storage circuit unit 25, for example. For example, the GPU 24 has the capability of generating a video signal corrected for brightness, hue, and/or contrast.
- GPU 24 may be used to up-convert or down-convert video signals.
- a super-resolution circuit may be provided in the layer 20a.
- the super-resolution circuit has a function of determining the potential of an arbitrary pixel included in the display unit 21 by a product-sum operation of the potentials of the pixels surrounding the pixel and the weight.
- the super-resolution circuit has a function of up-converting a video signal whose resolution is lower than that of the display section 21 .
- the super-resolution circuit has a function of down-converting a video signal having a resolution higher than that of the display section 21 .
- the load on the GPU 24 can be reduced.
- the load on the GPU 24 can be reduced by performing processing up to 2K resolution (or 4K resolution) on the GPU 24 and up-converting to 4K resolution (or 8K resolution) by the super-resolution circuit.
- the processing speed of the semiconductor device 100C can be increased. Down-conversion may be performed in the same manner.
- the functional circuit included in the layer 20a may not include all of these configurations, or may include configurations other than these.
- a potential generation circuit that generates a plurality of different potentials and/or a power management circuit that controls power supply and stop for each circuit included in the semiconductor device 100C may be provided.
- Power supply and stop may be performed for each circuit constituting the CPU 23 .
- power consumption can be reduced by stopping power supply to a circuit that has been determined not to be used for a while among circuits constituting the CPU 23 and restarting power supply when necessary.
- Data necessary for resuming power supply may be stored in the storage circuit in the CPU 23, the storage circuit section 25, or the like before the circuit is stopped. By storing the data necessary for circuit recovery, a stopped circuit can be recovered at high speed. Note that the circuit operation may be stopped by stopping the supply of the clock signal.
- a DSP circuit may be provided (not shown).
- a sensor circuit may be provided (not shown).
- an FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- the sensor circuit has a function of acquiring one or more of human visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, and olfactory information. More specifically, the sensor circuit detects force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, number of revolutions, distance, light, magnetism, temperature, sound, time, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, humidity, gradient , vibration, smell, and/or infrared radiation. Also, the sensor circuit may have functions other than detecting or measuring these.
- the communication circuit has a function of communicating wirelessly or by wire.
- having a function of wireless communication is preferable because the number of components such as cables for connection can be omitted.
- the communication circuit When the communication circuit has a function of communicating wirelessly, the communication circuit can communicate via an antenna.
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communication: registered trademark
- EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
- CDMA2000 Code Division 0 Multiplication
- IEEE specifications standardized by IEEE such as Wi-Fi (registered trademark), Bluetooth (registered trademark), and ZigBee (registered trademark).
- Communication circuits are the Internet, intranet, extranet, PAN (Personal Area Network), LAN (Local Area Network), CAN (Campus Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), GAN (Global Area Network), etc., the semiconductor device 100C can be connected to other devices to input/output information.
- PAN Personal Area Network
- LAN Local Area Network
- CAN Campus Area Network
- MAN Micropolitan Area Network
- WAN Wide Area Network
- GAN Global Area Network
- an OS transistor is used as a transistor included in the layer 20b.
- An OS transistor has a feature of extremely low off-state current. Therefore, since the holding time of a video signal or the like can be lengthened, the frequency of refresh operation can be reduced. Therefore, the power consumption of the semiconductor device 100C can be reduced.
- FIG. 17A shows a circuit configuration example of the display pixel 230.
- the display pixel 230 comprises a display pixel circuit 431 and a light emitting element 61 .
- FIG. 17B is a diagram schematically showing the vertical relationship among a layer 20a including peripheral driving circuits, a layer 20b including display pixel circuits 431, and a layer 60 including light emitting elements 61.
- FIG. 17A shows a circuit configuration example of the display pixel 230.
- the display pixel 230 comprises a display pixel circuit 431 and a light emitting element 61 .
- FIG. 17B is a diagram schematically showing the vertical relationship among a layer 20a including peripheral driving circuits, a layer 20b including display pixel circuits 431, and a layer 60 including light emitting elements 61.
- a display pixel circuit 431 shown as an example in FIGS. 17A and 17B includes a transistor 436 , a transistor 251 , a transistor 434 , and a capacitor 433 .
- the transistors 436, 251, and 434 can be OS transistors.
- Each of the OS transistors of the transistor 436, the transistor 251, and the transistor 434 preferably has a back gate electrode. It can be configured to provide a signal.
- the transistor 251 has a gate electrode electrically connected to the transistor 436, a first terminal electrically connected to the light emitting element 61, a second terminal electrically connected to the potential supply line VL_a, Prepare.
- the potential supply line VL_a is a wiring for applying a potential for supplying a current to the light emitting element 61 .
- the transistor 436 has a first terminal electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor 251, a second terminal electrically connected to the wiring SL functioning as the source line, and a wiring GL1 functioning as the gate line. and a gate electrode having a function of controlling a conducting state or a non-conducting state based on the potential.
- the transistor 434 is turned on based on the potentials of the first terminal electrically connected to the wiring V0, the second terminal electrically connected to the light emitting element 61, and the wiring GL2 functioning as a gate line. or a gate electrode having a function of controlling a non-conducting state.
- the wiring V0 is a wiring for applying a reference potential and a wiring for outputting the current flowing through the display pixel circuit 431 to the peripheral driving circuit.
- the capacitor 433 includes a conductive film electrically connected to the gate electrode of the transistor 251 and a conductive film electrically connected to the second terminal of the transistor 434 .
- the light emitting element 61 includes a first electrode electrically connected to the first terminal of the transistor 251 and a second electrode electrically connected to the potential supply line VL_b.
- the potential supply line VL_b is a wiring for applying a potential for supplying current to the light emitting element 61 .
- the intensity of light emitted from the light emitting element 61 can be controlled according to the video signal applied to the gate electrode of the transistor 251 . Further, variation in potential between the gate and source of the transistor 251 can be suppressed by the reference potential of the wiring V0 applied through the transistor 434 .
- a current value that can be used for setting pixel parameters can be output from the wiring V0.
- the wiring V0 can function as a monitor line for outputting a current flowing through the transistor 251 or a current flowing through the light-emitting element 61 to the outside.
- the current output to the wiring V0 may be converted into voltage by a source follower circuit or the like.
- the wiring that electrically connects the display pixel circuit 431 and the peripheral driver circuit can be shortened, so that the wiring resistance of the wiring can be reduced.
- parasitic capacitance of the wiring can be reduced. Therefore, since data can be written at high speed, the display section 21 can be driven at high speed. As a result, a sufficient frame period can be secured even if the number of display pixel circuits 431 is increased, so the pixel density of the display section 21 can be increased. Further, by increasing the pixel density of the display section 21, the definition of the image displayed on the display section 21 can be increased.
- the pixel density of the display unit 21 can be 1000 ppi or more, 5000 ppi or more, or 7000 ppi or more. Therefore, the semiconductor device 100A can be used, for example, as a display device for xR such as AR or VR.
- the semiconductor device 100A according to one embodiment of the present invention can be suitably applied to electronic devices, such as HMDs, in which the distance between the display unit and the user is short.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of part of the semiconductor device 100C.
- Layer 20a comprises a substrate 701 on which a transistor 251 is provided.
- the layer 20 a also includes an isolation layer 403 , an insulating layer 405 , an insulating layer 407 , an insulating layer 409 and a conductive layer 453 .
- the layer 20b comprises an insulating layer 213 and an insulating layer 214, on which the transistor 436 is provided.
- the transistor 436 is a transistor included in the display pixel circuit 431, for example.
- An OS transistor can be preferably used as the transistor 436 .
- An OS transistor has a feature of extremely low off-state current. Therefore, since the holding time of a video signal or the like can be lengthened, the frequency of refresh operation can be reduced. Therefore, the power consumption of the semiconductor device 100C can be reduced.
- Layer 20 b comprises insulating layer 216 , insulating layer 222 , insulating layer 224 , insulating layer 254 , insulating layer 280 , insulating layer 274 , insulating layer 281 , insulating layer 361 , and insulating layer 363 .
- Conductive layers 301 are embedded in the insulating layers 254 , 280 , 274 and 281 .
- Conductive layer 301 is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of transistor 436 .
- the height of the upper surface of the conductive layer 301 and the height of the upper surface of the insulating layer 281 can be made approximately the same.
- a conductive layer 311 and a conductive layer 313 are embedded in the insulating layer 361 .
- Conductive layer 311 is electrically connected to one of the source and drain of transistor 251 .
- Conductive layer 313 is electrically connected to transistor 436 through conductive layer 301 .
- the conductive layer 313 functions as a wiring.
- the insulating layer 213 , the insulating layer 214 , the insulating layer 216 , the insulating layer 280 , the insulating layer 274 , and the insulating layer 281 function as interlayer films, and function as planarizing films that cover the uneven shapes thereunder.
- the upper surface of the insulating layer 281 may be planarized by planarization treatment using a CMP method or the like in order to improve planarity.
- the semiconductor device 100C shown in FIG. 18 has an OS transistor and a light-emitting device with an MML (metal maskless) structure.
- MML metal maskless
- leakage current that can flow through the transistor and leakage current that can flow between adjacent light-emitting elements also referred to as lateral leakage current, side leakage current, or the like
- the observer can observe any one or more of sharpness of the image, sharpness of the image, high saturation, and high contrast ratio.
- the leakage current that can flow in the transistor and the horizontal leakage current between light-emitting elements are extremely low, so that light leakage that can occur during black display (so-called whitening) is extremely small (also called pure black display).
- a layer provided between light-emitting elements for example, an organic layer commonly used between light-emitting elements, also referred to as a common layer
- a display with no side leakage or very little side leakage can be obtained.
- FIG. 19 is a perspective view for explaining the configuration of the semiconductor device 100D. In FIG. 19, the layers 10a, 30, and the like are shown separately in order to make the configuration of the semiconductor device 100D easier to understand.
- a layer 30 included in the semiconductor device 100D is provided between the layer 10a and the layer 20b.
- a layer 30 shown in FIG. 2 drive circuit unit 232 , CPU 23 , GPU 24 , and memory circuit unit 25 . Note that layer 30 need not include all of these functional circuits. Further, the layer 30 may be provided with circuits other than these. Also, some of these functional circuits may be provided in layer 10a and/or layer 20b.
- the components of the semiconductor device 100D can be reduced. Therefore, productivity of the semiconductor device 100D can be improved. In addition, by reducing the number of components, the number of connection points between the components is reduced, thereby improving the reliability of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of part of the semiconductor device 100D.
- Layer 30 has a configuration similar to layer 20a.
- Layer 30 and layer 10a are electrically connected by a TSV junction. Note that the layer 30 and the layer 10a may be electrically connected by Cu--Cu bonding.
- FIG. 21 is a perspective view for explaining the configuration of the semiconductor device 100E.
- the layers 10a, 20, and the like are shown separately in order to make the configuration of the semiconductor device 100E easier to understand.
- control circuit section 16 the DSP circuit section 17, and the memory circuit section 18 are not shown in the layer 20 in FIG. You may prepare.
- the semiconductor device 100 reads a subject image projected on the imaging unit 11, and displays the read subject image on the display unit 21. It has a function to display on In addition, the imaging unit 11 and the display unit 21 have regions that overlap in the Z direction.
- FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing how the imaging unit 11 and the display unit 21 overlap each other.
- 23 shows a state in which the imaging unit 11 and the display unit 21 shown in FIG. 22 are separated.
- 22 and 23 correspond to a configuration example of the semiconductor device 100A, for example.
- a mark 99a is added to the corner of the imaging unit 11 and a mark 99b is added to the corner of the display unit 21 in order to facilitate understanding of how the imaging unit 11 and the display unit 21 overlap.
- the imaging unit 11 and the display unit 21 overlap each other so that when the mark 99 a is on the lower left of the imaging unit 11 , the mark 99 b is also on the lower left of the display unit 21 .
- the imaging unit 11 and the display unit 21 overlap so that the marks 99a and 99b match or substantially match.
- peripheral driving circuits and functional circuits are omitted in order to facilitate understanding of the connection configuration between the imaging unit 11 and the display unit 21 .
- the imaging unit 11 has imaging pixels 12 arranged in a matrix of m rows and n columns
- the display unit 21 has display pixels 230 arranged in a matrix of m rows and n columns.
- the imaging unit 11 and the display unit 21 are electrically connected via n wirings 134.
- the imaging pixels 12 in the first column are electrically connected to the display pixels 230 in the first column through the first wiring 134 (wiring 134[1]).
- the n-th imaging pixel 12 is electrically connected to the n-th display pixel 230 via the n-th wiring 134 (wiring 134[n]).
- the wiring 134 may be formed in a manner similar to that of the conductive layer 248, the conductive layer 453, and the like described in the above embodiment. For example, it may be formed using TSV and Cu--Cu bonding. Alternatively, it may be formed using a wire bonding method or the like.
- the image pickup data obtained by the image pickup unit 11 and the image pickup data of all the columns for each row are directly converted into a video signal for the display unit. 21 can be supplied.
- the imaging data of n imaging pixels 12 (imaging pixels 12[1,1] to imaging pixels 12[1,n]) in the first row are converted to n display pixels in the first row.
- 230 display pixels 230[1,1] to display pixels 230[1,n]
- the subject image obtained by the imaging unit 11 can be immediately displayed on the display unit 21, so the time difference between imaging and display can be reduced. Therefore, the deviation of the photographing timing is reduced. Also, an accurate framework can be realized.
- FIGS. 24 and 25 A modification of the configuration shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 is shown in FIGS. 24 and 25.
- FIG. FIG. 24 is a perspective view showing how the imaging unit 11 and the display unit 21 overlap each other.
- 25 shows a state in which the imaging unit 11 and the display unit 21 shown in FIG. 24 are separated.
- FIG. 24 and 25 show a configuration example in which an analog potential control circuit 26, which is a type of functional circuit, is provided between the imaging section 11 and the display section 21.
- FIG. Each of the n wirings 134 is electrically connected to the analog potential control circuit 26 .
- the analog potential control circuit 26 is electrically connected to each column of the plurality of display pixels 230 included in the display section 21 via n wirings 135 .
- the analog potential control circuit 26 has a function of performing voltage adjustment, polarity conversion, power amplification, and the like of the imaging data supplied from the imaging section 11 . Therefore, it can be said that the analog potential control circuit 26 has a function of converting imaging data into a video signal.
- the imaging data obtained by the imaging unit 11 is supplied to the analog potential control circuit 26 as the imaging data of all the columns for each row.
- the analog potential control circuit 26 converts the imaging data input via the wiring 134 into a video signal and supplies the video signal to the display unit 21 via the wiring 135 .
- the imaging data supplied to the analog potential control circuit 26 via the wiring 134[1] is converted into a video signal by the analog potential control circuit 26, and sent to the display section 21 via the wiring 135[1]. supplied.
- imaging data supplied to the analog potential control circuit 26 via the wiring 134[n] is converted into a video signal by the analog potential control circuit 26 and supplied to the display unit 21 via the wiring 135[n]. be.
- imaging data acquired by the imaging unit 11 can be converted into a video signal more suitable for display on the display unit 21 using the analog potential control circuit 26 .
- a semiconductor device that is less susceptible to noise and has good display quality can be realized.
- the analog potential control circuit 26 may be provided in the layer 20 in this embodiment mode, the analog potential control circuit 26 may be provided in the layer 10 (see FIG. 26).
- the wiring 135 may be formed in a manner similar to that of the conductive layers 248 and 453 described in the above embodiment modes. For example, it may be formed using TSV and Cu--Cu bonding. Alternatively, it may be formed using a wire bonding method or the like. Further, for example, the analog potential control circuit 26 may be provided in the layer 30 of the semiconductor device 100D shown in the above embodiment.
- 27 and 28 show examples in which the imaging unit 11 includes imaging pixels 12 arranged in a matrix of m rows and n columns, and the display unit 21 includes display pixels 230 arranged in a matrix of p rows and q columns. showing. 27 and 28 show the case where p is less than m and q is less than n, but the magnitude relationship may be reversed, and p and m may be equal.
- FIGS. 27 and 28 show configuration examples in which imaging data is supplied to the analog potential control circuit 26 via n wirings 134, and video signals are supplied to the display section 21 via q wirings 135. FIG. ing.
- the imaged data in the corresponding column may be deleted at regular intervals.
- the video signal of the additional column may be the average value or weighted average value of the video signals of the columns adjacent to the additional column.
- the imaged data of the corresponding row may be deleted at regular intervals.
- the average value or weighted average value of the video signals of the rows adjacent to the additional row may be used as the video signal of the additional row.
- a GPU or a super-resolution circuit may be used to perform up-conversion processing or down-conversion processing of video signals.
- each column of the imaging unit 11 may be provided with an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) 51 .
- ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter
- Various ADCs such as a successive approximation type, a delta-sigma type, or a pipeline type can be applied as the ADC 51 .
- a DAC Digital-to-Analog Converter
- a DAC 52 may be provided in each column of the display section 21 .
- various DACs such as segment type, switched capacitor type, or delta-sigma type can be applied.
- the ADC 51 provided between the imaging pixels 12 in the first column and the first wiring 134 is indicated as ADC 51 [1], and provided between the imaging pixels 12 in the n-th column and the n-th wiring 134.
- ADC51 is shown as ADC51[n].
- the DAC 52 provided between the display pixel 230 on the first column and the first wiring 134 is indicated as DAC 52[1]
- the DAC 52 between the display pixel 230 on the n-th column and the wiring 134 on the n-th is shown as DAC 52[n].
- the imaging data of the imaging pixels 12 are analog signals.
- the imaging data is converted into a digital signal by the ADC 51 and input to the DAC 52 via the wiring 134 .
- the DAC 52 converts imaging data, which is a digital signal, into an analog signal.
- the imaging data converted into analog signals are supplied to the display pixels 230 as video signals.
- FIG. 30 shows an example in which the ADC 51 is provided in the layer 10 and the DAC 52 is provided in the layer 20.
- the ADC 51 and the DAC 52 are provided in the layer 30 of the semiconductor device 100D described in the above embodiment. may be provided.
- ⁇ Modification 4> by converting an analog signal into a digital signal, arithmetic processing (image processing) of imaging data is facilitated, and various image processing can be performed. For example, adjustment of contrast, luminance, and saturation, data compression/expansion, and computational processing such as sum-of-products computation processing are facilitated.
- an output control circuit 53 may be provided on the output side of the ADC 51 and an input control circuit 54 may be provided on the input side of the DAC 52.
- the output control circuit 53 has a function of selecting whether to output the imaging data supplied from the ADC 51 to the display unit 21 side or to the outside from the output terminal OUT. In addition, it is possible to achieve both output to the outside and output to the display unit 21 side.
- the imaging data output to the outside is supplied to the storage device 610 (see FIGS. 34 and 35).
- the storage device 610 not only the storage circuit section 18 shown in the above embodiment, but also HDD (Hard Disk Drive), SSD (Solid State Drive), FD (Floppy Disk), magneto-optical disk (MO: Magneto-Optical) disk), USB memory, SD memory card, CD (Compact Disc), DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), and BD (Blu-ray Disc (registered trademark)).
- the storage device 610 also functions as a temporary storage device in image processing of imaging data.
- an image processing device that performs arithmetic processing on imaging data, for example, one or more selected from the CPU, GPU, DSP, and super-resolution circuit shown in the above embodiments can be used.
- the input control circuit 54 has a function of selecting one of the imaging data supplied from the imaging unit 11 through the ADC 51 and the digital signal supplied from the outside through the input terminal IN and supplying the selected data to the DAC 52 . It also has a function of supplying to the DAC 52 a signal obtained by combining the imaging data supplied from the imaging unit 11 through the ADC 51 and the digital signal input (IN) from the outside.
- FIG. 32 illustrates an example in which the ADC 51 and the output control circuit 53 are provided in the layer 10 and the DAC 52 and the input control circuit 54 are provided in the layer 20, one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- at least one of the ADC 51, the output control circuit 53, the DAC 52, and the input control circuit 54 may be provided in the layer 30 of the semiconductor device 100D shown in the above embodiment.
- the ADC 51 and the output control circuit 53 may be provided in the layer 10b of the semiconductor device 100C shown in the above embodiment, and the DAC 52 and the input control circuit 54 may be provided in the layer 20a (see FIG. 33).
- FIG. 34 and 35 show an example of a semiconductor device 100 including layers 10 and 20 shown in FIG. 32 and an external device electrically connected to the semiconductor device 100.
- FIG. 34 and 35 show a control device 600, a storage device 610, an image processing device 620, a power control device 630, a timing controller 640, an input/output device 650, and a communication device 660 as examples of external devices.
- Control device 600 storage device 610, image processing device 620, power control device 630, timing controller 640, input/output device 650, and communication device 660 shown in FIGS. Connected. Also, the image processing device 620 may be electrically connected to the storage device 610 without going through the bus line 601 .
- the control device 600 has a function of controlling the operation of each device connected via the bus line 601 .
- the image processing device 620 has a function of performing arithmetic processing on the image data held in the storage device 610 . For example, it has a function of performing contrast adjustment of image data, gamma correction, and the like.
- the power controller 630 has the function of supplying the required power to the layer 10 and the function of supplying the required power to the layer 20 .
- Power controller 630 may provide the same power to each of layer 10 and layer 20, or may provide different power. Further, as shown in FIG. 35, the power control device 630 is divided into a power control device 630a having a function of supplying power to the layer 10 and a power control device 630b having a function of supplying power to the layer 20. good too.
- the timing controller 640 has a function of synchronizing the operation of the circuits provided in the layer 10 and the operation of the circuits provided in the layer 20 .
- the timing controller 640 has a function of supplying clock signals and start signals of the same frequency to each of the layers 10 and 20 .
- the timing controller 640 is divided into a timing controller 640a having a function of supplying a clock signal, a start signal, etc. to the layer 10 and a timing controller 640a having a function of supplying a clock signal, a start signal, etc. to the layer 20. It may be provided separately in the controller 640b.
- the input/output device 650 has a function of inputting/outputting data with the outside.
- the input/output device 650 also has a function of supplying data held in the storage device 610 to the layer 20 .
- Data input via the input/output device 650 may be stored in the storage device 610 .
- the input/output device 650 also has a function of supplying data processed by the image processing device 620 to the layer 20 .
- Communication device 660 may communicate using a communication protocol or technique similar to the communication circuitry described above.
- ⁇ Structure example of transistor> 36A, 36B, and 36C are a top view and a cross-sectional view of a transistor 500 that can be used in a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the transistor 500 can be applied to the semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- it can be used for the transistors that layer 20 comprises.
- FIG. 36A is a top view of transistor 500.
- FIG. 36B and 36C are cross-sectional views of transistor 500.
- FIG. 36B is a cross-sectional view of the portion indicated by the dashed-dotted line A1-A2 in FIG. 36A, and is also a cross-sectional view of the transistor 500 in the channel length direction.
- 36C is a cross-sectional view of the portion indicated by the dashed-dotted line A3-A4 in FIG. 36A, and is also a cross-sectional view of the transistor 500 in the channel width direction.
- some elements are omitted for clarity of illustration.
- the transistor 500 includes a metal oxide 531a over a substrate (not shown), a metal oxide 531b over the metal oxide 531a, and a metal oxide 531b.
- Conductors 542a and 542b spaced apart from each other and an insulator 580 positioned over the conductors 542a and 542b with an opening formed between the conductors 542a and 542b.
- the conductor 560 arranged in the opening, the metal oxide 531b, the conductor 542a, the conductor 542b, and the insulator 580, the insulator 550 arranged between the conductor 560, and the metal It has an oxide 531 b , a conductor 542 a , a conductor 542 b , an insulator 580 , and a metal oxide 531 c interposed between the insulator 550 .
- the top surface of the conductor 560 preferably substantially coincides with the top surfaces of the insulator 550, the insulator 554, the metal oxide 531c, and the insulator 580.
- the metal oxide 531a, the metal oxide 531b, and the metal oxide 531c may be collectively referred to as the metal oxide 531 below.
- the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b may be collectively referred to as a conductor 542 in some cases.
- the side surfaces of the conductors 542a and 542b on the conductor 560 side are substantially vertical. Note that the transistor 500 illustrated in FIG. 36 is not limited to this, and the angle between the side surfaces and the bottom surfaces of the conductors 542a and 542b is 10° to 80°, preferably 30° to 60°. may be Also, the opposing side surfaces of the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b may have a plurality of surfaces.
- an insulator 554 is provided between an insulator 524, a metal oxide 531a, a metal oxide 531b, a conductor 542a, a conductor 542b, and a metal oxide 531c, and an insulator 580. preferably.
- the insulator 554 includes the side surface of the metal oxide 531c, the top and side surfaces of the conductor 542a, the top and side surfaces of the conductor 542b, the metal oxide 531a and the metal oxide 531b. , and the top surface of insulator 524 .
- a region where a channel is formed (hereinafter also referred to as a channel formation region) and three layers of the metal oxide 531a, the metal oxide 531b, and the metal oxide 531c are stacked in the vicinity thereof.
- the invention is not limited to this.
- a two-layer structure of the metal oxide 531b and the metal oxide 531c or a stacked structure of four or more layers may be provided.
- the conductor 560 has a two-layer structure in the transistor 500, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductor 560 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure of three or more layers.
- each of the metal oxide 531a, the metal oxide 531b, and the metal oxide 531c may have a stacked structure of two or more layers.
- the metal oxide 531c has a stacked structure of a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide on the first metal oxide
- the first metal oxide is the metal oxide 531b.
- the second metal oxide preferably has a similar composition to metal oxide 531a.
- the conductor 560 functions as a gate electrode of the transistor, and the conductors 542a and 542b function as source and drain electrodes, respectively.
- the conductor 560 is formed to be embedded in the opening of the insulator 580 and the region sandwiched between the conductors 542a and 542b.
- the arrangement of conductor 560, conductor 542a and conductor 542b is selected in a self-aligned manner with respect to the opening of insulator 580.
- the display device can have high definition.
- the display device can have a narrow frame.
- the conductor 560 preferably has a conductor 560a provided inside the insulator 550 and a conductor 560b provided so as to be embedded inside the conductor 560a.
- the transistor 500 includes an insulator 514 provided over a substrate (not shown), an insulator 516 provided over the insulator 514, and a conductor 505 embedded in the insulator 516. , insulator 522 overlying insulator 516 and conductor 505 , and insulator 524 overlying insulator 522 .
- a metal oxide 531 a is preferably disposed over the insulator 524 .
- An insulator 574 functioning as an interlayer film and an insulator 581 are preferably provided over the transistor 500 .
- the insulator 574 is preferably arranged in contact with top surfaces of the conductor 560 , the insulator 550 , the insulator 554 , the metal oxide 531 c , and the insulator 580 .
- the insulator 522, the insulator 554, and the insulator 574 preferably have a function of suppressing diffusion of hydrogen (eg, at least one of hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, and the like).
- insulators 522 , 554 , and 574 preferably have lower hydrogen permeability than insulators 524 , 550 , and 580 .
- the insulator 522 and the insulator 554 preferably have a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (eg, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, and the like).
- insulator 522 and insulator 554 preferably have lower oxygen permeability than insulator 524 , insulator 550 and insulator 580 .
- insulator 524 , metal oxide 531 , and insulator 550 are separated by insulators 580 and 581 and insulators 554 and 574 . Therefore, impurities such as hydrogen contained in the insulators 580 and 581 and excess oxygen can be prevented from entering the insulator 524 , the metal oxide 531 , and the insulator 550 .
- a conductor 545 (a conductor 545a and a conductor 545b) electrically connected to the transistor 500 and functioning as a plug is preferably provided.
- insulators 541 (insulators 541a and 541b) are provided in contact with side surfaces of conductors 545 functioning as plugs. That is, the insulator 541 is provided in contact with the inner walls of the openings of the insulator 554 , the insulator 580 , the insulator 574 , and the insulator 581 .
- a first conductor of the conductor 545 may be provided in contact with the side surface of the insulator 541 and a second conductor of the conductor 545 may be provided inside.
- the height of the top surface of the conductor 545 and the height of the top surface of the insulator 581 can be made approximately the same.
- the transistor 500 shows the structure in which the first conductor of the conductor 545 and the second conductor of the conductor 545 are stacked, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductor 545 may be provided as a single layer or a laminated structure of three or more layers. When the structure has a laminated structure, an ordinal number may be assigned in order of formation for distinction.
- a metal oxide functioning as an oxide semiconductor (hereinafter also referred to as an oxide semiconductor) is added to the metal oxide 531 (the metal oxide 531a, the metal oxide 531b, and the metal oxide 531c) including a channel formation region. ) is preferably used.
- the metal oxide preferably contains at least indium (In) or zinc (Zn). In particular, it preferably contains indium (In) and zinc (Zn). Moreover, it is preferable that the element M is included in addition to these.
- element M aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), yttrium (Y), tin (Sn), boron (B), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), germanium (Ge), zirconium (Zr), molybdenum (Mo), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), magnesium (Mg) or cobalt (Co)
- Al aluminum
- Ga gallium
- Y yttrium
- Sn tin
- B boron
- titanium Ti
- iron (Fe) iron
- Ni nickel
- Ge germanium
- Zr zirconium
- Mo molybdenum
- the element M is preferably one or more of aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), yttrium (Y), and tin (Sn). Moreover, it is more preferable that the element M contains either one or both of gallium (Ga) and tin (Sn).
- the thickness of the metal oxide 531b in a region that does not overlap with the conductor 542 is thinner than that in a region that overlaps with the conductor 542 in some cases. This is formed by removing a portion of the top surface of metal oxide 531b when forming conductors 542a and 542b.
- a conductive film to be the conductor 542 is formed over the top surface of the metal oxide 531b, a region with low resistance is formed near the interface with the conductive film in some cases. By removing the region with low resistance located between the conductors 542a and 542b on the top surface of the metal oxide 531b in this manner, formation of a channel in this region can be prevented.
- a high-definition display device including a small-sized transistor can be provided.
- a display device including a transistor with high on-state current and high luminance can be provided.
- a fast-operating display device can be provided with a fast-operating transistor.
- a highly reliable display device including a transistor with stable electrical characteristics can be provided.
- a display device including a transistor with low off-state current and low power consumption can be provided.
- transistor 500 A detailed structure of the transistor 500 that can be used in the display device that is one embodiment of the present invention is described.
- the conductor 505 is arranged so as to have regions that overlap with the metal oxide 531 and the conductor 560 . Further, the conductor 505 is preferably embedded in the insulator 516 .
- the conductor 505 has a conductor 505a, a conductor 505b, and a conductor 505c.
- Conductor 505 a is provided in contact with the bottom surface and sidewalls of the opening provided in insulator 516 .
- the conductor 505b is provided so as to be embedded in a recess formed in the conductor 505a.
- the top surface of the conductor 505b is lower than the top surface of the conductor 505a and the top surface of the insulator 516 .
- the conductor 505c is provided in contact with the top surface of the conductor 505b and the side surface of the conductor 505a.
- the height of the top surface of the conductor 505 c is substantially the same as the height of the top surface of the conductor 505 a and the height of the top surface of the insulator 516 . That is, the conductor 505b is surrounded by the conductors 505a and 505c.
- the conductor 505a and the conductor 505c have a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, nitrogen atoms, nitrogen molecules, nitrogen oxide molecules (N 2 O, NO, NO 2 and the like), and copper atoms. It is preferable to use a conductive material having Alternatively, it is preferable to use a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (eg, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, and the like).
- a conductive material having a function of reducing diffusion of hydrogen for the conductor 505a and the conductor 505c impurities such as hydrogen contained in the conductor 505b pass through the insulator 524 or the like to the metal oxide 531. can be suppressed. Further, by using a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen for the conductors 505a and 505c, it is possible to suppress reduction in conductivity due to oxidation of the conductor 505b.
- the conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen titanium, titanium nitride, tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, or the like is preferably used, for example. Therefore, as the conductor 505a, a single layer or a laminate of the above conductive materials may be used. For example, titanium nitride may be used for the conductor 505a.
- a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as its main component is preferably used for the conductor 505b.
- tungsten may be used for the conductor 505b.
- the conductor 560 may function as a first gate (also referred to as a top gate) electrode.
- the conductor 505 functions as a second gate (also referred to as a bottom gate) electrode.
- V th of the transistor 500 can be controlled by changing the potential applied to the conductor 505 independently of the potential applied to the conductor 560 .
- V th of the transistor 500 can be made higher than 0 V and the off-state current can be reduced. Therefore, when a negative potential is applied to the conductor 505, the drain current when the potential applied to the conductor 560 is 0 V can be made smaller than when no potential is applied.
- the conductor 505 is preferably provided larger than the channel formation region in the metal oxide 531 .
- the conductor 505 is preferably extended even in a region outside the edge crossing the channel width direction of the metal oxide 531 .
- the conductor 505 and the conductor 560 preferably overlap with each other with an insulator interposed therebetween on the outside of the side surface of the metal oxide 531 in the channel width direction.
- the electric field of the conductor 560 functioning as the first gate electrode and the electric field of the conductor 505 functioning as the second gate electrode cause the channel formation region of the metal oxide 531 to be expanded. It can be surrounded electrically.
- the conductor 505 is extended so that it also functions as a wire.
- a structure in which a conductor functioning as a wiring is provided under the conductor 505 may be employed.
- the insulator 514 preferably functions as a barrier insulating film that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from entering the transistor 500 from the substrate side. Therefore, the insulator 514 has a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, nitrogen atoms, nitrogen molecules, nitrogen oxide molecules (such as N 2 O, NO, NO 2 ), and copper atoms. (It is difficult for the above impurities to permeate.) It is preferable to use an insulating material. Alternatively, it is preferable to use an insulating material that has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen (eg, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, and the like) (the oxygen hardly permeates).
- oxygen eg, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, and the like
- the insulator 514 is preferably made of aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, or the like. Accordingly, diffusion of impurities such as water or hydrogen from the substrate side to the transistor 500 side of the insulator 514 can be suppressed. Alternatively, diffusion of oxygen contained in the insulator 524 or the like to the substrate side of the insulator 514 can be suppressed.
- the insulator 516 , the insulator 580 , and the insulator 581 functioning as interlayer films preferably have lower dielectric constants than the insulator 514 .
- the parasitic capacitance generated between wirings can be reduced.
- the insulator 516, the insulator 580, and the insulator 581 include silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, and carbon and nitrogen are added. Silicon oxide, silicon oxide having holes, or the like may be used as appropriate.
- Insulator 522 and insulator 524 function as gate insulators.
- the insulator 524 in contact with the metal oxide 531 preferably releases oxygen by heating.
- the oxygen released by heating is sometimes referred to as excess oxygen.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or the like may be used as appropriate for the insulator 524 .
- an oxide material from which part of oxygen is released by heating is preferably used as the insulator 524 .
- the oxide from which oxygen is released by heating means that the amount of oxygen released in terms of oxygen atoms is 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or more, preferably 1.0, in TDS (Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy) analysis.
- the oxide film has a density of 10 19 atoms/cm 3 or more, more preferably 2.0 x 10 19 atoms/cm 3 or more, or 3.0 10 20 atoms/cm 3 or more.
- the surface temperature of the film during the TDS analysis is preferably in the range of 100° C. or higher and 700° C. or lower, or 100° C. or higher and 400° C. or lower.
- the insulator 524 may have a thinner film thickness in a region that does not overlap with the insulator 554 and does not overlap with the metal oxide 531b than in other regions.
- a region of the insulator 524 which does not overlap with the insulator 554 and does not overlap with the metal oxide 531b preferably has a thickness with which oxygen can be diffused sufficiently.
- the insulator 522 preferably functions as a barrier insulating film that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from entering the transistor 500 from the substrate side.
- insulator 522 preferably has a lower hydrogen permeability than insulator 524 .
- the insulator 522 preferably has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen (eg, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, and the like) (the oxygen is less permeable).
- oxygen eg, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, and the like
- insulator 522 preferably has a lower oxygen permeability than insulator 524 .
- the insulator 522 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen and impurities, so that diffusion of oxygen in the metal oxide 531 to the substrate side can be reduced.
- the conductor 505 can be prevented from reacting with oxygen contained in the insulator 524 and the metal oxide 531 .
- the insulator 522 preferably contains an oxide of one or both of aluminum and hafnium, which are insulating materials.
- the insulator containing oxide of one or both of aluminum and hafnium aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), or the like is preferably used.
- oxygen is released from the metal oxide 531 and impurities such as hydrogen enter the metal oxide 531 from the peripheral portion of the transistor 500 . It functions as a layer that suppresses
- aluminum oxide, bismuth oxide, germanium oxide, niobium oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, or zirconium oxide may be added to these insulators.
- these insulators may be nitrided. Silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or silicon nitride may be stacked over the above insulator.
- the insulator 522 is made of, for example, a so-called high oxide such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ) or (Ba,Sr)TiO 3 (BST).
- Insulators including -k materials may be used in single layers or stacks. As transistors are miniaturized and highly integrated, thinning of gate insulators may cause problems such as leakage current. By using a high-k material for the insulator functioning as the gate insulator, the gate potential during transistor operation can be reduced while maintaining the physical film thickness.
- the insulator 522 and the insulator 524 may have a stacked structure of two or more layers. In that case, it is not limited to a laminated structure made of the same material, and a laminated structure made of different materials may be used. For example, an insulator similar to the insulator 524 may be provided under the insulator 522 .
- the metal oxide 531 has a metal oxide 531a, a metal oxide 531b over the metal oxide 531a, and a metal oxide 531c over the metal oxide 531b.
- a metal oxide 531a By providing the metal oxide 531a under the metal oxide 531b, diffusion of impurities from the structure formed below the metal oxide 531a to the metal oxide 531b can be suppressed.
- the metal oxide 531c over the metal oxide 531b, diffusion of impurities from the structure formed above the metal oxide 531c to the metal oxide 531b can be suppressed.
- the metal oxide 531 preferably has a stacked structure of a plurality of oxide layers with different atomic ratios of metal atoms.
- the metal oxide 531 contains at least indium (In) and the element M
- the number of atoms of the element M contained in the metal oxide 531a with respect to the number of atoms of all elements constituting the metal oxide 531a The ratio is preferably higher than the ratio of the number of atoms of the element M contained in the metal oxide 531b to the number of atoms of all elements forming the metal oxide 531b.
- the atomic ratio of the element M contained in the metal oxide 531a to In is preferably higher than the atomic ratio of the element M contained in the metal oxide 531b to In.
- the metal oxide 531c can be a metal oxide that can be used for the metal oxide 531a or the metal oxide 531b.
- the energy of the conduction band bottom of the metal oxide 531a and the metal oxide 531c be higher than the energy of the conduction band bottom of the metal oxide 531b.
- the electron affinities of the metal oxides 531a and 531c are preferably smaller than the electron affinities of the metal oxide 531b.
- a metal oxide that can be used for the metal oxide 531a is preferably used as the metal oxide 531c.
- the ratio of the number of atoms of the element M contained in the metal oxide 531c to the number of atoms of all the elements forming the metal oxide 531c is higher than the number of atoms of all the elements forming the metal oxide 531b.
- the ratio of the number of atoms of the element M contained in the oxide 531b is preferably higher than that of the oxide 531b. Further, the atomic ratio of the element M contained in the metal oxide 531c to In is preferably higher than the atomic ratio of the element M contained in the metal oxide 531b to In.
- the energy level at the bottom of the conduction band changes gently at the junction of the metal oxide 531a, the metal oxide 531b, and the metal oxide 531c.
- the energy level of the bottom of the conduction band at the junction of the metal oxide 531a, the metal oxide 531b, and the metal oxide 531c continuously changes or continuously joins.
- the defect level density of the mixed layers formed at the interface between the metal oxide 531a and the metal oxide 531b and at the interface between the metal oxide 531b and the metal oxide 531c should be lowered.
- the metal oxide 531a and the metal oxide 531b, and the metal oxide 531b and the metal oxide 531c have a common element (main component) other than oxygen, so that the defect level density is low.
- Mixed layers can be formed.
- the metal oxide 531b is an In-Ga-Zn oxide
- an In-Ga-Zn oxide, a Ga-Zn oxide, gallium oxide, or the like may be used as the metal oxide 531a and the metal oxide 531c.
- the metal oxide 531c may have a stacked structure.
- a stacked structure of In--Ga--Zn oxide and Ga--Zn oxide over the In--Ga--Zn oxide, or an In--Ga--Zn oxide and over the In--Ga--Zn oxide can be used.
- a stacked structure of an In--Ga--Zn oxide and an oxide containing no In may be used as the metal oxide 531c.
- the metal oxide 531c has a stacked structure
- In: Ga: Zn 4:2:3 [atomic number ratio] and a laminated structure with gallium oxide.
- the main path of carriers becomes the metal oxide 531b.
- the defect level density at the interface between the metal oxide 531a and the metal oxide 531b and at the interface between the metal oxide 531b and the metal oxide 531c can be reduced. can be lowered. Therefore, the influence of interface scattering on carrier conduction is reduced, and the transistor 500 can obtain high on-current and high frequency characteristics.
- the constituent elements of the metal oxide 531c are It is expected to suppress the diffusion to the insulator 550 side.
- the metal oxide 531c has a stacked structure, and the oxide that does not contain In is positioned above the stacked structure, so that In that can diffuse toward the insulator 550 can be suppressed. Since the insulator 550 functions as a gate insulator, the characteristics of the transistor are deteriorated when In is diffused. Therefore, by using a stacked-layer structure for the metal oxide 531c, a highly reliable display device can be provided.
- a conductor 542 (a conductor 542a and a conductor 542b) functioning as a source electrode and a drain electrode is provided over the metal oxide 531b.
- Conductors 542 include aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, beryllium, indium, ruthenium, iridium, strontium, and lanthanum. It is preferable to use a metal element selected from, an alloy containing the above-described metal elements as a component, or an alloy in which the above-described metal elements are combined.
- tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, tungsten, nitride containing titanium and aluminum, nitride containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxide containing strontium and ruthenium, oxide containing lanthanum and nickel, and the like are used. is preferred.
- tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, nitrides containing titanium and aluminum, nitrides containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxides containing strontium and ruthenium, and oxides containing lanthanum and nickel are difficult to oxidize. It is preferable because it is a conductive material or a material that maintains conductivity even after absorbing oxygen.
- the oxygen concentration in the vicinity of the conductor 542 of the metal oxide 531 may be reduced.
- a metal compound layer containing the metal contained in the conductor 542 and the components of the metal oxide 531 is formed near the conductor 542 of the metal oxide 531 .
- the carrier concentration increases in a region of the metal oxide 531 near the conductor 542, and the region becomes a low-resistance region.
- a region between the conductor 542 a and the conductor 542 b is formed so as to overlap with the opening of the insulator 580 . Accordingly, the conductor 560 can be arranged in a self-aligned manner between the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b.
- Insulator 550 functions as a gate insulator.
- the insulator 550 is preferably placed in contact with the top surface of the metal oxide 531c.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen are added, or silicon oxide having vacancies is used. be able to.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are stable against heat.
- the insulator 550 preferably has a reduced impurity concentration such as water or hydrogen.
- the thickness of the insulator 550 is preferably 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
- a metal oxide may be provided between the insulator 550 and the conductor 560 .
- the metal oxide preferably suppresses diffusion of oxygen from the insulator 550 to the conductor 560 . Accordingly, oxidation of the conductor 560 by oxygen in the insulator 550 can be suppressed.
- the metal oxide may function as part of the gate insulator. Therefore, in the case where silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or the like is used for the insulator 550, a metal oxide that is a high-k material with a high dielectric constant is preferably used as the metal oxide.
- the gate insulator has a stacked-layer structure of the insulator 550 and the metal oxide, the stacked-layer structure can be stable against heat and have a high relative dielectric constant. Therefore, the gate potential applied during transistor operation can be reduced while maintaining the physical film thickness of the gate insulator. Also, the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of the insulator that functions as the gate insulator can be reduced.
- EOT equivalent oxide thickness
- a metal oxide containing one or more selected from hafnium, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, nickel, germanium, magnesium, or the like can be used.
- the conductor 560 is shown as having a two-layer structure in FIG. 36, it may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure of three or more layers.
- the conductor 560a has a function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, nitrogen atoms, nitrogen molecules, nitrogen oxide molecules (N 2 O, NO, NO 2 and the like), and copper atoms. It is preferable to use a conductor having a Alternatively, it is preferable to use a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (eg, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, and the like).
- the conductor 560a has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen
- oxygen contained in the insulator 550 can suppress oxidation of the conductor 560b and a decrease in conductivity.
- the conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, or the like is preferably used, for example.
- a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as its main component is preferably used for the conductor 560b.
- a conductor with high conductivity is preferably used.
- a conductive material whose main component is tungsten, copper, or aluminum can be used.
- the conductor 560b may have a layered structure, for example, a layered structure of titanium or titanium nitride and any of the above conductive materials.
- the side surface of the metal oxide 531 is covered with the conductor 560 in the region where the metal oxide 531b does not overlap with the conductor 542, in other words, the channel formation region of the metal oxide 531. are placed.
- the insulator 554 preferably functions as a barrier insulating film that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from entering the transistor 500 from the insulator 580 side.
- insulator 554 preferably has a lower hydrogen permeability than insulator 524 .
- the insulator 554 includes the side surfaces of the metal oxide 531c, the top and side surfaces of the conductor 542a, the top and side surfaces of the conductor 542b, and the metal oxide 531a and the metal oxide 531b. It preferably touches the side surfaces as well as the top surface of the insulator 524 .
- hydrogen contained in the insulator 580 enters the metal oxide 531 from the top surface or the side surface of the conductor 542a, the conductor 542b, the metal oxide 531a, the metal oxide 531b, and the insulator 524. can be suppressed.
- the insulator 554 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (eg, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, and the like) (the above-described oxygen is difficult to permeate).
- oxygen eg, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, and the like
- insulator 554 preferably has a lower oxygen permeability than insulator 580 or insulator 524 .
- the insulator 554 is preferably deposited using a sputtering method.
- oxygen can be added to the vicinity of a region of the insulator 524 which is in contact with the insulator 554 . Accordingly, oxygen can be supplied from the region into the metal oxide 531 through the insulator 524 .
- the insulator 554 has a function of suppressing upward diffusion of oxygen, so that diffusion of oxygen from the metal oxide 531 to the insulator 580 can be prevented.
- the insulator 522 has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen downward, oxygen can be prevented from diffusing from the metal oxide 531 to the substrate side.
- oxygen is supplied to the channel forming region of the metal oxide 531 . Accordingly, oxygen vacancies in the metal oxide 531 can be reduced, and normally-on of the transistor can be suppressed.
- an insulator containing an oxide of one or both of aluminum and hafnium is preferably deposited.
- the insulator containing oxides of one or both of aluminum and hafnium aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), or the like is preferably used.
- the insulator 524 , the insulator 550 , and the metal oxide 531 are covered with the insulator 554 having a barrier property against hydrogen; and isolated from the insulator 550 . Accordingly, entry of impurities such as hydrogen from the outside of the transistor 500 can be suppressed, so that the transistor 500 can have favorable electrical characteristics and reliability.
- the insulator 580 is provided over the insulator 524 , the metal oxide 531 , and the conductor 542 with the insulator 554 interposed therebetween.
- the insulator 580 is formed using silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen are added, silicon oxide having holes, or the like. It is preferable to have In particular, silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are thermally stable. In particular, a material such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or silicon oxide having vacancies is preferable because a region containing oxygen that is released by heating can be easily formed.
- the concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the insulator 580 is reduced. Also, the top surface of the insulator 580 may be planarized.
- the insulator 574 preferably functions as a barrier insulating film that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from entering the insulator 580 from above.
- an insulator that can be used for the insulator 514, the insulator 554, or the like may be used, for example.
- An insulator 581 functioning as an interlayer film is preferably provided over the insulator 574 .
- the insulator 581 preferably has a reduced concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the film.
- the conductors 545 a and 545 b are placed in the openings formed in the insulators 581 , 574 , 580 , and 554 .
- the conductor 545a and the conductor 545b are provided to face each other with the conductor 560 interposed therebetween. Note that the top surfaces of the conductors 545 a and 545 b may be flush with the top surface of the insulator 581 .
- the insulator 541a is provided in contact with the inner walls of the openings of the insulator 581, the insulator 574, the insulator 580, and the insulator 554, and the first conductor of the conductor 545a is formed in contact with the side surface thereof. ing.
- a conductor 542a is positioned at least part of the bottom of the opening, and the conductor 545a is in contact with the conductor 542a.
- the insulator 541b is provided in contact with the inner walls of the openings of the insulator 581, the insulator 574, the insulator 580, and the insulator 554, and the first conductor of the conductor 545b is formed in contact with the side surface thereof. It is The conductor 542b is positioned at least part of the bottom of the opening, and the conductor 545b is in contact with the conductor 542b.
- a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as its main component is preferably used for the conductors 545a and 545b.
- the conductor 545a and the conductor 545b may have a stacked structure.
- the conductor 545 has a layered structure
- a conductor having a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen is preferably used.
- tantalum, tantalum nitride, titanium, titanium nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide, or the like is preferably used.
- the conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as water or hydrogen may be used in a single layer or a stacked layer. By using the conductive material, absorption of oxygen added to the insulator 580 by the conductors 545a and 545b can be suppressed.
- impurities such as water or hydrogen from a layer above the insulator 581 can be prevented from entering the metal oxide 531 through the conductors 545a and 545b.
- An insulator that can be used for the insulator 554 or the like may be used as the insulator 541a and the insulator 541b, for example. Since the insulators 541a and 541b are provided in contact with the insulator 554, impurities such as water or hydrogen from the insulator 580 or the like are prevented from entering the metal oxide 531 through the conductors 545a and 545b. can. In addition, absorption of oxygen contained in the insulator 580 by the conductors 545a and 545b can be suppressed.
- a conductor functioning as a wiring may be arranged in contact with the top surface of the conductor 545a and the top surface of the conductor 545b.
- a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component is preferably used for the conductor functioning as the wiring.
- the conductor may have a laminated structure, for example, a laminated structure of titanium or titanium nitride and the above conductive material. The conductor may be formed so as to be embedded in an opening provided in the insulator.
- an insulator substrate, a semiconductor substrate, or a conductor substrate may be used, for example.
- insulator substrates include glass substrates, quartz substrates, sapphire substrates, stabilized zirconia substrates (yttria stabilized zirconia substrates, etc.), resin substrates, and the like.
- semiconductor substrates include semiconductor substrates such as silicon and germanium, and compound semiconductor substrates made of silicon carbide, silicon germanium, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, zinc oxide, and gallium oxide.
- semiconductor substrate having an insulator region inside the semiconductor substrate such as an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate.
- Examples of conductive substrates include graphite substrates, metal substrates, alloy substrates, and conductive resin substrates. Alternatively, there are a substrate having a metal nitride, a substrate having a metal oxide, and the like. Furthermore, there are a substrate in which a conductor or a semiconductor is provided on an insulating substrate, a substrate in which a semiconductor substrate is provided with a conductor or an insulator, a substrate in which a conductor substrate is provided with a semiconductor or an insulator, and the like. Alternatively, these substrates provided with elements may be used. Elements provided on the substrate include a capacitive element, a resistance element, a switch element, a light emitting element, a memory element, and the like.
- Insulators examples include oxides, nitrides, oxynitrides, oxynitrides, metal oxides, metal oxynitrides, metal oxynitrides, and the like having insulating properties.
- thinning of gate insulators may cause problems such as leakage current.
- a high-k material for an insulator functioning as a gate insulator voltage reduction during transistor operation can be achieved while maintaining a physical film thickness.
- a material with a low dielectric constant for the insulator functioning as an interlayer film parasitic capacitance generated between wirings can be reduced. Therefore, the material should be selected according to the function of the insulator.
- Insulators with a low dielectric constant include silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, fluorine-added silicon oxide, carbon-added silicon oxide, carbon- and nitrogen-added silicon oxide, and vacancies. There are silicon oxide, resin, and the like.
- a transistor including an oxide semiconductor is surrounded by an insulator (such as the insulator 514, the insulator 522, the insulator 554, and the insulator 574) that has a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen.
- an insulator such as the insulator 514, the insulator 522, the insulator 554, and the insulator 574 that has a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen.
- Insulators having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen include, for example, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, chlorine, argon, gallium, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, Insulators containing lanthanum, neodymium, hafnium, or tantalum may be used in single layers or stacks.
- insulators having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as hydrogen and oxygen
- a metal oxide such as tantalum oxide, or a metal nitride such as aluminum nitride, aluminum titanium nitride, titanium nitride, silicon nitride oxide, or silicon nitride can be used.
- An insulator that functions as a gate insulator preferably has a region containing oxygen that is released by heating. For example, by forming a structure in which silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride having a region containing oxygen released by heating is in contact with the metal oxide 531, oxygen vacancies in the metal oxide 531 can be compensated.
- Conductors include aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, beryllium, indium, ruthenium, iridium, strontium, lanthanum, etc. It is preferable to use a metal element selected from, an alloy containing the above-described metal elements as a component, or an alloy in which the above-described metal elements are combined.
- tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, tungsten, nitride containing titanium and aluminum, nitride containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxide containing strontium and ruthenium, oxide containing lanthanum and nickel, and the like are used. is preferred. Also, tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, nitrides containing titanium and aluminum, nitrides containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxides containing strontium and ruthenium, and oxides containing lanthanum and nickel are difficult to oxidize.
- a conductive material or a material that maintains conductivity even after absorbing oxygen.
- a semiconductor with high electrical conductivity typified by polycrystalline silicon containing an impurity element such as phosphorus, or a silicide such as nickel silicide may be used.
- a plurality of conductors formed of any of the above materials may be stacked and used.
- a laminated structure in which the material containing the metal element described above and the conductive material containing oxygen are combined may be used.
- a laminated structure may be employed in which the material containing the metal element described above and the conductive material containing nitrogen are combined.
- a laminated structure may be employed in which the material containing the metal element described above, the conductive material containing oxygen, and the conductive material containing nitrogen are combined.
- a conductor functioning as a gate electrode has a stacked-layer structure in which a material containing the above metal element and a conductive material containing oxygen are combined. is preferred.
- a conductive material containing oxygen is preferably provided on the channel formation region side.
- a conductive material containing oxygen and a metal element contained in a metal oxide in which a channel is formed is preferably used as a conductor functioning as a gate electrode.
- a conductive material containing the metal element and nitrogen described above may be used.
- a conductive material containing nitrogen such as titanium nitride or tantalum nitride may be used.
- indium tin oxide, indium oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium oxide containing titanium oxide, indium tin oxide containing titanium oxide, indium zinc oxide, and silicon were added.
- Indium tin oxide may also be used.
- indium gallium zinc oxide containing nitrogen may be used.
- This embodiment can be implemented by appropriately combining at least part of it with other embodiments described herein.
- FIG. 37A is a diagram illustrating classification of crystal structures of oxide semiconductors, typically IGZO (a metal oxide containing In, Ga, and Zn).
- IGZO a metal oxide containing In, Ga, and Zn
- oxide semiconductors are roughly classified into “amorphous”, “crystalline”, and “crystal".
- “Amorphous” includes completely amorphous.
- “Crystalline” includes CAAC (c-axis-aligned crystalline), nc (nanocrystalline), and CAC (cloud-aligned composite) (excluding single crystal and poly crystal).
- the classification of “Crystalline” excludes single crystal, poly crystal, and completely amorphous.
- “Crystal” includes single crystal and poly crystal.
- the structure within the thick frame shown in FIG. 37A is an intermediate state between "Amorphous” and "Crystal", and is a structure belonging to the new crystalline phase. . That is, the structure can be rephrased as a structure completely different from “Crystal” or energetically unstable "Amorphous".
- FIG. 37B shows an XRD spectrum obtained by GIXD (Grazing-Incidence XRD) measurement of a CAAC-IGZO film classified as "Crystalline".
- the GIXD method is also called a thin film method or a Seemann-Bohlin method.
- the XRD spectrum obtained by the GIXD measurement shown in FIG. 37B is simply referred to as the XRD spectrum.
- the thickness of the CAAC-IGZO film shown in FIG. 37B is 500 nm.
- the crystal structure of a film or substrate can be evaluated by a diffraction pattern (also referred to as a nano beam electron diffraction pattern) observed by nano beam electron diffraction (NBED).
- a diffraction pattern also referred to as a nano beam electron diffraction pattern
- NBED nano beam electron diffraction
- electron beam diffraction is performed with a probe diameter of 1 nm.
- oxide semiconductors may be classified differently from that in FIG. 37A when its crystal structure is focused.
- oxide semiconductors are classified into single-crystal oxide semiconductors and non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors.
- non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors include the above CAAC-OS and nc-OS.
- Non-single-crystal oxide semiconductors include polycrystalline oxide semiconductors, amorphous-like oxide semiconductors (a-like OS), amorphous oxide semiconductors, and the like.
- CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor that includes a plurality of crystal regions, and the c-axes of the plurality of crystal regions are oriented in a specific direction. Note that the specific direction is the thickness direction of the CAAC-OS film, the normal direction to the formation surface of the CAAC-OS film, or the normal direction to the surface of the CAAC-OS film.
- a crystalline region is a region having periodicity in atomic arrangement. If the atomic arrangement is regarded as a lattice arrangement, the crystalline region is also a region with a uniform lattice arrangement.
- CAAC-OS has a region where a plurality of crystal regions are connected in the a-b plane direction, and the region may have strain.
- the strain refers to a portion where the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between a region with a uniform lattice arrangement and another region with a uniform lattice arrangement in a region where a plurality of crystal regions are connected. That is, CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor that is c-axis oriented and has no obvious orientation in the ab plane direction.
- each of the plurality of crystal regions is composed of one or a plurality of minute crystals (crystals having a maximum diameter of less than 10 nm).
- the maximum diameter of the crystalline region is less than 10 nm.
- the size of the crystal region may be about several tens of nanometers.
- CAAC-OS is a layer containing indium (In) and oxygen ( It tends to have a layered crystal structure (also referred to as a layered structure) in which an In layer) and a layer containing the element M, zinc (Zn), and oxygen (hereinafter, a (M, Zn) layer) are laminated.
- the (M, Zn) layer may contain indium.
- the In layer contains the element M.
- the In layer may contain Zn.
- the layered structure is observed as a lattice image, for example, in a high-resolution TEM image.
- a plurality of bright points are observed in the electron beam diffraction pattern of the CAAC-OS film.
- a certain spot and another spot are observed at point-symmetrical positions with respect to the spot of the incident electron beam that has passed through the sample (also referred to as a direct spot) as the center of symmetry.
- the lattice arrangement in the crystal region is basically a hexagonal lattice, but the unit lattice is not always regular hexagon and may be non-regular hexagon. Moreover, the distortion may have a lattice arrangement of pentagons, heptagons, or the like. Note that in CAAC-OS, no clear crystal grain boundary can be observed even near the strain. That is, it can be seen that the distortion of the lattice arrangement suppresses the formation of grain boundaries. This is because the CAAC-OS can tolerate strain due to the fact that the arrangement of oxygen atoms is not dense in the ab plane direction, the bond distance between atoms changes due to the substitution of metal atoms, and the like. It is considered to be for
- a crystal structure in which clear grain boundaries are confirmed is called a so-called polycrystal.
- a grain boundary becomes a recombination center, and there is a high possibility that carriers are trapped and cause a decrease in the on-state current of a transistor, a decrease in field-effect mobility, and the like. Therefore, a CAAC-OS in which no clear grain boundaries are observed is one of crystalline oxides having a crystal structure suitable for a semiconductor layer of a transistor.
- a structure containing Zn is preferable for forming a CAAC-OS.
- In--Zn oxide and In--Ga--Zn oxide are preferable because they can suppress the generation of grain boundaries more than In oxide.
- a CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor with high crystallinity and no clear grain boundaries. Therefore, it can be said that the decrease in electron mobility due to grain boundaries is less likely to occur in CAAC-OS.
- the CAAC-OS can be said to be an oxide semiconductor with few impurities and defects (such as oxygen vacancies). Therefore, an oxide semiconductor including CAAC-OS has stable physical properties. Therefore, an oxide semiconductor including CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability.
- CAAC-OS is also stable against high temperatures (so-called thermal budget) in the manufacturing process. Therefore, the use of the CAAC-OS for the OS transistor can increase the degree of freedom in the manufacturing process.
- nc-OS has periodic atomic arrangement in a minute region (eg, a region of 1 nm to 10 nm, particularly a region of 1 nm to 3 nm).
- the nc-OS has minute crystals.
- the size of the minute crystal is, for example, 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, particularly 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, the minute crystal is also called a nanocrystal.
- nc-OS does not show regularity in crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, no orientation is observed in the entire film.
- an nc-OS may be indistinguishable from an a-like OS and an amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on the analysis method.
- an nc-OS film is subjected to structural analysis using an XRD apparatus, out-of-plane XRD measurement using ⁇ /2 ⁇ scanning does not detect a peak indicating crystallinity.
- an nc-OS film is subjected to electron beam diffraction (also referred to as selected area electron beam diffraction) using an electron beam with a probe diameter larger than that of nanocrystals (for example, 50 nm or more), a diffraction pattern such as a halo pattern is obtained. is observed.
- an nc-OS film is subjected to electron diffraction (also referred to as nanobeam electron diffraction) using an electron beam with a probe diameter close to or smaller than the size of a nanocrystal (for example, 1 nm or more and 30 nm or less)
- an electron beam diffraction pattern is obtained in which a plurality of spots are observed within a ring-shaped area centered on the direct spot.
- An a-like OS is an oxide semiconductor having a structure between an nc-OS and an amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- An a-like OS has void or low density regions. That is, the a-like OS has lower crystallinity than the nc-OS and CAAC-OS. In addition, the a-like OS has a higher hydrogen concentration in the film than the nc-OS and the CAAC-OS.
- CAC-OS relates to material composition.
- CAC-OS is, for example, one structure of a material in which elements constituting a metal oxide are unevenly distributed with a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, or in the vicinity thereof.
- the metal oxide one or more metal elements are unevenly distributed, and the region having the metal element has a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less, or a size in the vicinity thereof.
- the mixed state is also called mosaic or patch.
- CAC-OS is a structure in which the material is separated into a first region and a second region to form a mosaic shape, and the first region is distributed in the film (hereinafter, also referred to as a cloud shape). ). That is, CAC-OS is a composite metal oxide in which the first region and the second region are mixed.
- the atomic ratios of In, Ga, and Zn to the metal elements constituting the CAC-OS in the In—Ga—Zn oxide are represented by [In], [Ga], and [Zn], respectively.
- the first region is a region where [In] is larger than [In] in the composition of the CAC-OS film.
- the second region is a region where [Ga] is greater than [Ga] in the composition of the CAC-OS film.
- the first region is a region in which [In] is larger than [In] in the second region and [Ga] is smaller than [Ga] in the second region.
- the second region is a region in which [Ga] is larger than [Ga] in the first region and [In] is smaller than [In] in the first region.
- the first region is a region mainly composed of indium oxide, indium zinc oxide, or the like.
- the second region is a region containing gallium oxide, gallium zinc oxide, or the like as a main component. That is, the first region can be rephrased as a region containing In as a main component. Also, the second region can be rephrased as a region containing Ga as a main component.
- a region containing In as the main component (first 1 region) and a region containing Ga as a main component (second region) are unevenly distributed and can be confirmed to have a mixed structure.
- the conductivity attributed to the first region and the insulation attributed to the second region complementarily act to provide a switching function (on/off function).
- a switching function on/off function
- CAC-OS a part of the material has a conductive function
- a part of the material has an insulating function
- the whole material has a semiconductor function.
- Oxide semiconductors have various structures and each has different characteristics.
- An oxide semiconductor of one embodiment of the present invention includes two or more of an amorphous oxide semiconductor, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, a CAC-OS, an nc-OS, and a CAAC-OS. may
- an oxide semiconductor with low carrier concentration is preferably used for a transistor.
- the carrier concentration of the oxide semiconductor is 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 13 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 11 cm ⁇ 3 or less. 3 or less, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 cm ⁇ 3 and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor may be lowered to lower the defect level density.
- a low impurity concentration and a low defect level density are referred to as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic.
- an oxide semiconductor with a low carrier concentration is sometimes referred to as a highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic oxide semiconductor.
- a highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic oxide semiconductor has a low defect level density, and thus a low trap level density in some cases.
- a charge trapped in a trap level of an oxide semiconductor takes a long time to disappear and may behave like a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor whose channel formation region is formed in an oxide semiconductor with a high trap level density might have unstable electrical characteristics.
- Impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, silicon, and the like.
- the concentration of silicon and carbon in the oxide semiconductor and the concentration of silicon and carbon in the vicinity of the interface with the oxide semiconductor are 2 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 17 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- the concentration of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is set to 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- the nitrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is less than 5 ⁇ 10 19 atoms/cm 3 , preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 or less. , more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms/cm 3 or less.
- Hydrogen contained in an oxide semiconductor reacts with oxygen that bonds to a metal atom to form water, which may cause oxygen vacancies. When hydrogen enters the oxygen vacancies, electrons, which are carriers, may be generated. In addition, part of hydrogen may bond with oxygen that bonds with a metal atom to generate an electron, which is a carrier. Therefore, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor containing hydrogen is likely to have normally-on characteristics. Therefore, hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor is preferably reduced as much as possible.
- the hydrogen concentration obtained by SIMS is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms/cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms/cm 3 , more preferably less than 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm. Less than 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms/cm 3 .
- a semiconductor device can be applied to a display portion of an electronic device. Therefore, an electronic device with high display quality can be realized. Alternatively, an extremely high-definition electronic device can be realized. Alternatively, a highly reliable electronic device can be realized.
- Electronic devices using the semiconductor device or the like include display devices such as televisions and monitors, lighting devices, desktop or notebook personal computers, word processors, and recording media such as DVDs (Digital Versatile Discs).
- Image playback devices for playing back stored still images or moving images portable CD players, radios, tape recorders, headphone stereos, stereos, table clocks, wall clocks, cordless telephones, transceivers, car phones, mobile phones, personal digital assistants, Tablet terminals, portable game machines, stationary game machines such as pachinko machines, calculators, electronic notebooks, electronic book terminals, electronic translators, voice input devices, video cameras, digital still cameras, electric shavers, high frequencies such as microwave ovens Heating devices, electric rice cookers, electric washing machines, electric vacuum cleaners, water heaters, fans, hair dryers, air conditioners, humidifiers, dehumidifiers and other air conditioning equipment, dishwashers, dish dryers, clothes dryers, futon dryers instruments, electric refrigerators, electric freezers, electric refrigerator-freezers
- a mobile object that is propelled by an engine that uses fuel or an electric motor that uses power from a power storage unit may also be included in the category of electronic devices.
- the moving body include an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid vehicle (HV) having both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHV), a tracked vehicle in which these wheels are changed to endless tracks, and an electrically assisted vehicle.
- EV electric vehicle
- HV hybrid vehicle
- PSV plug-in hybrid vehicle
- a tracked vehicle in which these wheels are changed to endless tracks and an electrically assisted vehicle.
- motorized bicycles including bicycles, motorcycles, electric wheelchairs, golf carts, small or large ships, submarines, helicopters, aircraft, rockets, artificial satellites, space probes, planetary probes, and spacecraft.
- An electronic device may include a secondary battery (battery), and preferably can charge the secondary battery using contactless power transmission.
- a secondary battery battery
- Secondary batteries include, for example, lithium-ion secondary batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, organic radical batteries, lead-acid batteries, air secondary batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and silver-zinc batteries.
- An electronic device may have an antenna. Images, information, and the like can be displayed on the display portion by receiving signals with the antenna. Moreover, when an electronic device has an antenna and a secondary battery, the antenna may be used for contactless power transmission.
- An electronic device includes sensors (force, displacement, position, speed, acceleration, angular velocity, number of revolutions, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substances, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current , voltage, power, radiation, flow, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared).
- An electronic device can have various functions. For example, functions to display various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display, touch panel functions, functions to display calendars, dates or times, functions to execute various software (programs), wireless communication function, a function of reading a program or data recorded on a recording medium, and the like.
- an electronic device having a plurality of display units a function of mainly displaying image information on a part of the display unit and mainly displaying character information on another part, or an image with parallax consideration on the plurality of display units
- a function of displaying a stereoscopic image it is possible to have a function of displaying a stereoscopic image.
- the function of shooting still images or moving images the function of automatically or manually correcting the captured image, the function of saving the captured image to a recording medium (external or built into the electronic device) , a function of displaying a captured image on a display portion, and the like.
- the electronic device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to these functions, and can have various functions.
- a semiconductor device can display a high-definition image. Therefore, it can be suitably used particularly for portable electronic devices, wearable electronic devices (wearable devices), electronic book terminals, and the like. For example, it can be suitably used for xR equipment such as VR equipment or AR equipment.
- FIG. 38A is a diagram showing the appearance of camera 8000 with finder 8100 attached.
- a camera 8000 includes a housing 8001, a display portion 8002, operation buttons 8003, a shutter button 8004, and the like.
- a detachable lens 8006 is attached to the camera 8000 . Note that the camera 8000 may be integrated with the lens 8006 and the housing.
- the camera 8000 can capture an image by pressing the shutter button 8004 or by touching the display portion 8002 functioning as a touch panel.
- a housing 8001 has a mount having electrodes, and can be connected to a finder 8100, a strobe device, or the like.
- a viewfinder 8100 includes a housing 8101, a display portion 8102, buttons 8103, and the like.
- Housing 8101 is attached to camera 8000 by mounts that engage mounts of camera 8000 .
- a viewfinder 8100 can display an image or the like received from the camera 8000 on a display portion 8102 .
- a button 8103 has a function as a power button or the like.
- the semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8002 of the camera 8000 and the display portion 8102 of the viewfinder 8100 .
- the viewfinder 8100 may be built in the camera 8000. FIG.
- FIG. 38B is a diagram showing the appearance of the head mounted display 8200.
- FIG. 38B is a diagram showing the appearance of the head mounted display 8200.
- the head mounted display 8200 has a mounting portion 8201, a lens 8202, a main body 8203, a display portion 8204, a cable 8205 and the like.
- a battery 8206 is built in the mounting portion 8201 . Note that the battery 8206 may be externally attached instead of being built in the head mounted display 8200 .
- a main body 8203 includes a wireless receiver or the like, and can display received video information on a display portion 8204 .
- the main body 8203 is equipped with a camera, and information on the movement of the user's eyeballs or eyelids can be used as input means through the lens 8202 .
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention may be applied to the above camera. That is, one embodiment of the present invention is an electronic device that includes at least one of an attachment portion, a lens, a main body, or a cable and has a function of acquiring user information through the lens 8202 .
- the mounting portion 8201 may be provided with a plurality of electrodes capable of detecting a current that flows along with the movement of the user's eyeballs at a position that touches the user, and may have a function of recognizing the line of sight. Moreover, it may have a function of monitoring the user's pulse based on the current flowing through the electrode.
- the mounting unit 8201 may have various sensors such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor, etc., and has a function of displaying biological information of the user on the display unit 8204, In addition, a function of changing an image displayed on the display portion 8204 may be provided.
- a semiconductor device can be applied to the display portion 8204 .
- FIG. 38C to 38E are diagrams showing the appearance of the head mounted display 8300.
- FIG. A head mounted display 8300 includes a housing 8301 , a display portion 8302 , a band-shaped fixture 8304 , and a pair of lenses 8305 .
- the user can see the display on the display portion 8302 through the lens 8305 .
- the display portion 8302 it is preferable to arrange the display portion 8302 in a curved manner because the user can feel a high presence.
- three-dimensional display or the like using parallax can be performed.
- the configuration is not limited to the configuration in which one display portion 8302 is provided, and two display portions 8302 may be provided and one display portion may be arranged for one eye of the user.
- a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8302 .
- a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention can achieve extremely high definition. For example, even when the display is magnified using the lens 8305 as shown in FIG. 38E, it is difficult for the user to visually recognize the pixels. In other words, the display portion 8302 can be used to allow the user to view highly realistic images.
- FIG. 38F is a diagram showing the appearance of a goggle-type head mounted display 8400.
- the head mounted display 8400 has a pair of housings 8401, a mounting section 8402, and a cushioning member 8403.
- a display portion 8404 and a lens 8405 are provided in the pair of housings 8401, respectively.
- a user can view the display portion 8404 through the lens 8405 .
- the lens 8405 has a focus adjustment mechanism, and its position can be adjusted according to the user's visual acuity.
- the display portion 8404 is preferably square or horizontally long rectangular. This makes it possible to enhance the sense of reality.
- the mounting portion 8402 preferably has plasticity and elasticity so that it can be adjusted according to the size of the user's face and does not slip off.
- a part of the mounting portion 8402 preferably has a vibration mechanism that functions as a bone conduction earphone. As a result, you can enjoy video and audio without the need for separate audio equipment such as earphones and speakers.
- the housing 8401 may have a function of outputting audio data by wireless communication.
- the mounting portion 8402 and the cushioning member 8403 are portions that come into contact with the user's face (forehead, cheeks, etc.). Since the cushioning member 8403 is in close contact with the user's face, it is possible to prevent light leakage and enhance the sense of immersion. It is preferable to use a soft material for the cushioning member 8403 so that the cushioning member 8403 comes into close contact with the user's face when the head mounted display 8400 is worn by the user. For example, materials such as rubber, silicone rubber, urethane, and sponge can be used.
- a member that touches the user's skin is preferably detachable for easy cleaning or replacement.
- FIG. 39A shows an example of a television device.
- a television set 7100 has a display portion 7000 incorporated in a housing 7101 .
- a configuration in which a housing 7101 is supported by a stand 7103 is shown.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 .
- the operation of the television apparatus 7100 shown in FIG. 39A can be performed using operation switches provided in the housing 7101 and a separate remote controller 7111 .
- the display portion 7000 may be provided with a touch sensor, and the television device 7100 may be operated by touching the display portion 7000 with a finger or the like.
- the remote controller 7111 may have a display section for displaying information output from the remote controller 7111 .
- a channel and a volume can be operated with operation keys or a touch panel provided in the remote controller 7111 , and an image displayed on the display portion 7000 can be operated.
- the television device 7100 is configured to include a receiver, a modem, and the like.
- the receiver can receive general television broadcasts. Also, by connecting to a wired or wireless communication network via a modem, one-way (from the sender to the receiver) or two-way (between the sender and the receiver, or between the receivers, etc.) information communication is performed. is also possible.
- FIG. 39B shows an example of a notebook personal computer.
- a notebook personal computer 7200 has a housing 7211, a keyboard 7212, a pointing device 7213, an external connection port 7214, and the like.
- the display portion 7000 is incorporated in the housing 7211 .
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 .
- FIGS. 39C and 39D An example of digital signage is shown in FIGS. 39C and 39D.
- a digital signage 7300 illustrated in FIG. 39C includes a housing 7301, a display portion 7000, speakers 7303, and the like. Furthermore, it can have an LED lamp, an operation key (including a power switch or an operation switch), a connection terminal, various sensors, a microphone, and the like.
- FIG. 39D is a digital signage 7400 mounted on a cylindrical post 7401.
- FIG. A digital signage 7400 has a display section 7000 provided along the curved surface of a pillar 7401 .
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7000 in FIGS. 39C and 39D.
- the display portion 7000 As the display portion 7000 is wider, the amount of information that can be provided at one time can be increased. In addition, the wider the display unit 7000, the more conspicuous it is, and the more effective the advertisement can be, for example.
- a touch panel By applying a touch panel to the display portion 7000, not only an image or a moving image can be displayed on the display portion 7000 but also the user can intuitively operate the display portion 7000, which is preferable. Further, when used for providing information such as route information or traffic information, usability can be enhanced by intuitive operation.
- the digital signage 7300 or 7400 is preferably capable of cooperating with an information terminal 7311 or 7411 such as a smartphone possessed by the user through wireless communication.
- advertisement information displayed on the display unit 7000 can be displayed on the screen of the information terminal 7311 or the information terminal 7411 .
- display on the display portion 7000 can be switched.
- the digital signage 7300 or the digital signage 7400 can execute a game using the screen of the information terminal 7311 or 7411 as an operation means (controller). This allows an unspecified number of users to simultaneously participate in and enjoy the game.
- An information terminal 7550 illustrated in FIG. 39E includes a housing 7551, a display portion 7552, a microphone 7557, a speaker portion 7554, a camera 7553, operation switches 7555, and the like.
- a semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 7552 .
- the display portion 7552 has a function as a touch panel.
- the information terminal 7550 also includes an antenna, a battery, and the like inside a housing 7551 .
- the information terminal 7550 can be used as, for example, a smartphone, a mobile phone, a tablet information terminal, a tablet personal computer, an e-book reader, or the like.
- FIG. 39F shows an example of a wristwatch type information terminal.
- An information terminal 7660 includes a housing 7661, a display portion 7662, a band 7663, a buckle 7664, an operation switch 7665, an input/output terminal 7666, and the like.
- the information terminal 7660 also includes an antenna, a battery, and the like inside a housing 7661 .
- Information terminal 7660 is capable of running a variety of applications such as mobile telephony, e-mail, text viewing and composition, music playback, Internet communication, computer games, and the like.
- the display portion 7662 includes a touch sensor and can be operated by touching the screen with a finger, a stylus, or the like. For example, by touching an icon 7667 displayed on the display portion 7662, the application can be activated.
- the operation switch 7665 can have various functions such as time setting, power on/off operation, wireless communication on/off operation, manner mode execution/cancellation, and power saving mode execution/cancellation. .
- the operating system installed in the information terminal 7660 can set the function of the operation switch 7665 .
- the information terminal 7660 is capable of performing short-range wireless communication that conforms to communication standards. For example, by intercommunicating with a headset capable of wireless communication, hands-free communication is also possible.
- the information terminal 7660 has an input/output terminal 7666 and can transmit/receive data to/from another information terminal through the input/output terminal 7666 .
- charging can be performed through the input/output terminal 7666 . Note that the charging operation may be performed by wireless power supply without using the input/output terminal 7666 .
Abstract
Description
図2は、半導体装置の斜視図である。
図3は、半導体装置のブロック図である。
図4Aおよび図4Bは、撮像画素12の回路構成例を説明する図である。
図5Aおよび図5B1乃至図5B7は、層20の構成例を説明する図である。
図6A乃至図6Dは、表示画素230の回路構成例を説明する図である。
図7A乃至図7Dは、発光素子の構成例を説明する図である。
図8A乃至図8Dは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図9A乃至図9Dは、表示装置の構成例を示す図である。
図10は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する断面図である。
図11Aおよび図11Bは、半導体装置の使用例を示す図である。
図12Aおよび図12Bは、半導体装置の斜視図である。
図13は、半導体装置の斜視図である。
図14は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する断面図である。
図15Aおよび図15Bは、半導体装置の斜視図である。
図16は、半導体装置の斜視図である。
図17Aは、表示画素の回路構成例を示す図である。図17Bは半導体装置の構成例を説明する図である。
図18は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する断面図である。
図19は、半導体装置の斜視図である。
図20は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する断面図である。
図21は、半導体装置の斜視図である。
図22は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する斜視図である。
図23は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する図である。
図24は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する斜視図である。
図25は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する図である。
図26は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する図である。
図27は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する斜視図である。
図28は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する図である。
図29は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する斜視図である。
図30は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する図である。
図31は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する斜視図である。
図32は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する図である。
図33は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する図である。
図34は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する図である。
図35は、半導体装置の構成例を説明する図である。
図36Aは、トランジスタの構成例を示す上面図である。図36B及び図36Cは、トランジスタの構成例を示す断面図である。
図37Aは、IGZOの結晶構造の分類を説明する図である。図37Bは、CAAC−IGZO膜のXRDスペクトルを説明する図である。図37Cは、CAAC−IGZO膜の極微電子線回折パターンを説明する図である。
図38A乃至図38Fは、電子機器の一例を説明する図である。
図39A乃至図39Fは、電子機器の一例を説明する図である。
本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置について説明する。なお、本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置は、撮像装置として動作する機能と、表示装置として動作する機能と、を備える。
図1および図2は、本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置100Aの斜視図である。図1Aは半導体装置100Aの正面側(front side)の斜視図であり、図1Bは半導体装置100Aの背面側(back side)の斜視図である。図2では、半導体装置100Aの構成をわかりやすくするため、層10および層20などを離して示している。
図3に、層10が備える構成を説明するためのブロック図を示す。前述した通り、層10は、撮像部11、第1駆動回路部13、第2駆動回路部14、読み出し回路部15、および制御回路部16を備える。なお、第1駆動回路部13、第2駆動回路部14、読み出し回路部15、および制御回路部16の総称として「機能回路」という場合がある。機能回路には、シフトレジスタ、レベルシフタ、インバータ、ラッチ、アナログスイッチ、または論理回路等の様々な回路を用いることができる。
図4Aは、撮像画素12の回路構成例を説明する回路図である。撮像画素12は、光電変換デバイス101(「光電変換素子」または「撮像素子」ともいう。)と、トランジスタ102と、トランジスタ103と、トランジスタ104と、トランジスタ105と、キャパシタ108を備える。なお、キャパシタ108を設けない構成としてもよい。なお、本明細書などでは、上記要素のうち、光電変換デバイス101を除いた構成の少なくとも一を「撮像画素回路」という場合がある。
図5Aに、層20が備える構成を説明するためのブロック図を示す。前述した通り、層20は、表示部21、第1駆動回路部231、および第2駆動回路部232を備える。
図6Aは、表示画素230の回路構成例を示す図である。表示画素230は、表示画素回路431および表示素子432を有する。
本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置に用いることができる発光素子について説明する。発光素子は、表示素子432に用いることができる。
図7Aに示すように、発光素子61は、一対の電極(導電層171、導電層173)の間に、EL層172を備える。EL層172は、層4420、発光層4411、層4430などの複数の層で構成することができる。層4420は、例えば電子注入性の高い物質を含む層(電子注入層)および電子輸送性の高い物質を含む層(電子輸送層)などを備えることができる。発光層4411は、例えば発光性の化合物を備える。層4430は、例えば正孔注入性の高い物質を含む層(正孔注入層)および正孔輸送性の高い物質を含む層(正孔輸送層)を備えることができる。
以下では、表示素子432として用いることができる発光素子61の形成方法について説明する。
次に、半導体装置100Aの積層構造例について、断面図を用いて説明する。
本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置によって、被写体の撮影から画像の表示までに掛かる時間を短縮できる。本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置の使用例を図11に示す。図11Aおよび図11Bは、半導体装置100Aを用いて被写体190を撮影する例を示している。
本実施の形態では、半導体装置100Aの変形例である半導体装置100Bについて説明する。半導体装置100Bは半導体装置100Aと層10の構成が異なる。図12および図13は半導体装置100Bの構成を説明する斜視図である。図12Aは半導体装置100Bの正面側(front side)の斜視図であり、図12Bは半導体装置100Bの背面側(back side)の斜視図である。図13では、半導体装置100Bの構成をわかりやすくするため、層10および層20などを離して示している。
半導体装置100Bの積層構造例について、断面図を用いて説明する。
次に、層10aと層10bの貼り合わせについて説明する。
本実施の形態では、半導体装置100Bの変形例である半導体装置100Cについて説明する。半導体装置100Cは半導体装置100Bと層20の構成が異なる。図15および図16は半導体装置100Cの構成を説明する斜視図である。図16では、半導体装置100Cの構成をわかりやすくするため、層10および層20などを離して示している。
半導体装置100Cの積層構造例について、断面図を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、半導体装置100Cの変形例である半導体装置100Dについて説明する。半導体装置100Dは、半導体装置100Cで示した層10bと層20aの機能を統合した層30を備える。図19は半導体装置100Dの構成を説明する斜視図である。図19では、半導体装置100Dの構成をわかりやすくするため、層10aおよび層30などを離して示している。
半導体装置100Dの積層構造例について、断面図を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、半導体装置100Bの変形例である半導体装置100Eについて説明する。半導体装置100Eは、半導体装置100Bで示した層10bの機能を、層20に備えている。図21は半導体装置100Eの構成を説明する斜視図である。図21では、半導体装置100Eの構成をわかりやすくするため、層10aおよび層20などを離して示している。
半導体装置100Eの積層構造は、図10に示した半導体装置100Aの断面構成例と同様であるため、詳細な説明は省略する。半導体装置100Eの積層構造例は、図10に示した層10aを層10に読み替えればよい。
本実施の形態では、撮像部11と表示部21の接続構成例について説明する。
図22および図23に示した構成の変形例を、図24および図25に示す。図24は、撮像部11と表示部21が重なる様子を示す斜視図である。また、図25は、図24に示す撮像部11と表示部21を分離した状態を示している。
また、撮像部11と表示部21の解像度が異なる場合、アナログ電位制御回路26で出力するビデオ信号の数を調整してもよい。図27および図28は、撮像部11がm行n列のマトリクス状に配置された撮像画素12を備え、表示部21がp行q列のマトリクス状に配置された表示画素230を備える例を示している。また、図27および図28では、pがmより少なく、qがnより少ない場合を示しているが、大小関係は逆であってもよいし、pとmが等しくてもよい。
また、図29および図30に示すように、撮像部11の各列にADC(Analog−to−Digital Converter)51を備えてもよい。ADC51としては、逐次比較型、デルタシグマ型、またはパイプライン型などの様々なADCを適用できる。また、表示部21の各列にDAC(Digital−to−Analog Converter)52を備えてもよい。DAC52としては、セグメント型、スイッチドキャパシタ型、またはデルタシグマ型などの様々なDACを適用できる。
また、アナログ信号をデジタル信号に変換することで、撮像データの演算処理(画像処理)が容易となり、様々な画像処理を行うことができる。例えば、コントラスト、輝度、および彩度の調整、ならびに、データ圧縮・伸張、および積和演算処理などの演算処理の実行が容易となる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置に用いることができるトランジスタについて説明する。
図36A、図36B、および図36Cは、本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置に用いることができるトランジスタ500の上面図および断面図である。本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置に、トランジスタ500を適用することができる。例えば、層20が備えるトランジスタに用いることができる。
トランジスタに用いることができる構成材料について説明する。
トランジスタ500を形成する基板として、例えば、絶縁体基板、半導体基板、または導電体基板を用いればよい。絶縁体基板として、例えば、ガラス基板、石英基板、サファイア基板、安定化ジルコニア基板(イットリア安定化ジルコニア基板等)、樹脂基板等がある。また、半導体基板として、例えば、シリコン、ゲルマニウム等の半導体基板、または炭化シリコン、シリコンゲルマニウム、ヒ化ガリウム、リン化インジウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化ガリウムからなる化合物半導体基板等がある。さらには、前述の半導体基板内部に絶縁体領域を有する半導体基板、例えば、SOI(Silicon On Insulator)基板等がある。導電体基板として、黒鉛基板、金属基板、合金基板、導電性樹脂基板等がある。または、金属の窒化物を有する基板、金属の酸化物を有する基板等がある。さらには、絶縁体基板に導電体または半導体が設けられた基板、半導体基板に導電体または絶縁体が設けられた基板、導電体基板に半導体または絶縁体が設けられた基板等がある。または、これらの基板に素子が設けられたものを用いてもよい。基板に設けられる素子として、容量素子、抵抗素子、スイッチ素子、発光素子、記憶素子等がある。
絶縁体として、絶縁性を有する酸化物、窒化物、酸化窒化物、窒化酸化物、金属酸化物、金属酸化窒化物、金属窒化酸化物等がある。
導電体として、アルミニウム、クロム、銅、銀、金、白金、タンタル、ニッケル、チタン、モリブデン、タングステン、ハフニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、マンガン、マグネシウム、ジルコニウム、ベリリウム、インジウム、ルテニウム、イリジウム、ストロンチウム、ランタン等から選ばれた金属元素、または上述した金属元素を成分とする合金か、上述した金属元素を組み合わせた合金等を用いることが好ましい。例えば、窒化タンタル、窒化チタン、タングステン、チタンとアルミニウムを含む窒化物、タンタルとアルミニウムを含む窒化物、酸化ルテニウム、窒化ルテニウム、ストロンチウムとルテニウムを含む酸化物、ランタンとニッケルを含む酸化物等を用いることが好ましい。また、窒化タンタル、窒化チタン、チタンとアルミニウムを含む窒化物、タンタルとアルミニウムを含む窒化物、酸化ルテニウム、窒化ルテニウム、ストロンチウムとルテニウムを含む酸化物、ランタンとニッケルを含む酸化物は、酸化しにくい導電性材料、または、酸素を吸収しても導電性を維持する材料であるため、好ましい。また、リン等の不純物元素を含有させた多結晶シリコンに代表される、電気伝導度が高い半導体、ニッケルシリサイド等のシリサイドを用いてもよい。
本実施の形態では、上記の実施の形態で説明したOSトランジスタに用いることができる金属酸化物(以下、酸化物半導体ともいう。)について説明する。
まず、酸化物半導体における、結晶構造の分類について、図37Aを用いて説明を行う。図37Aは、酸化物半導体、代表的にはIGZO(Inと、Gaと、Znと、を含む金属酸化物)の結晶構造の分類を説明する図である。
なお、酸化物半導体は、結晶構造に着目した場合、図37Aとは異なる分類となる場合がある。例えば、酸化物半導体は、単結晶酸化物半導体と、それ以外の非単結晶酸化物半導体と、に分けられる。非単結晶酸化物半導体として、例えば、上述のCAAC−OS、及びnc−OSがある。また、非単結晶酸化物半導体には、多結晶酸化物半導体、擬似非晶質酸化物半導体(a−like OS:amorphous−like oxide semiconductor)、非晶質酸化物半導体、等が含まれる。
CAAC−OSは、複数の結晶領域を有し、当該複数の結晶領域はc軸が特定の方向に配向している酸化物半導体である。なお、特定の方向とは、CAAC−OS膜の厚さ方向、CAAC−OS膜の被形成面の法線方向、またはCAAC−OS膜の表面の法線方向である。また、結晶領域とは、原子配列に周期性を有する領域である。なお、原子配列を格子配列とみなすと、結晶領域とは、格子配列の揃った領域でもある。さらに、CAAC−OSは、a−b面方向において複数の結晶領域が連結する領域を有し、当該領域は歪みを有する場合がある。なお、歪みとは、複数の結晶領域が連結する領域において、格子配列の揃った領域と、別の格子配列の揃った領域と、の間で格子配列の向きが変化している箇所を指す。つまり、CAAC−OSは、c軸配向し、a−b面方向には明らかな配向をしていない酸化物半導体である。
nc−OSは、微小な領域(例えば、1nm以上10nm以下の領域、特に1nm以上3nm以下の領域)において原子配列に周期性を有する。別言すると、nc−OSは、微小な結晶を有する。なお、当該微小な結晶の大きさは、例えば、1nm以上10nm以下、特に1nm以上3nm以下であることから、当該微小な結晶をナノ結晶ともいう。また、nc−OSは、異なるナノ結晶間で結晶方位に規則性が見られない。そのため、膜全体で配向性が見られない。したがって、nc−OSは、分析方法によっては、a−like OSおよび非晶質酸化物半導体と区別が付かない場合がある。例えば、nc−OS膜に対し、XRD装置を用いて構造解析を行うと、θ/2θスキャンを用いたOut−of−plane XRD測定では、結晶性を示すピークが検出されない。また、nc−OS膜に対し、ナノ結晶よりも大きいプローブ径(例えば50nm以上)の電子線を用いる電子線回折(制限視野電子線回折ともいう。)を行うと、ハローパターンのような回折パターンが観測される。一方、nc−OS膜に対し、ナノ結晶の大きさと近いかナノ結晶より小さいプローブ径(例えば1nm以上30nm以下)の電子線を用いる電子線回折(ナノビーム電子線回折ともいう。)を行うと、ダイレクトスポットを中心とするリング状の領域内に複数のスポットが観測される電子線回折パターンが取得される場合がある。
a−like OSは、nc−OSと非晶質酸化物半導体との間の構造を有する酸化物半導体である。a−like OSは、鬆または低密度領域を有する。即ち、a−like OSは、nc−OS及びCAAC−OSと比べて、結晶性が低い。また、a−like OSは、nc−OS及びCAAC−OSと比べて、膜中の水素濃度が高い。
次に、上述のCAC−OSの詳細について、説明を行う。なお、CAC−OSは材料構成に関する。
CAC−OSとは、例えば、金属酸化物を構成する元素が、0.5nm以上10nm以下、好ましくは、1nm以上3nm以下、またはその近傍のサイズで偏在した材料の一構成である。なお、以下では、金属酸化物において、一つまたは複数の金属元素が偏在し、該金属元素を有する領域が、0.5nm以上10nm以下、好ましくは、1nm以上3nm以下、またはその近傍のサイズで混合した状態をモザイク状、またはパッチ状ともいう。
続いて、上記酸化物半導体をトランジスタに用いる場合について説明する。
ここで、酸化物半導体中における各不純物の影響について説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様に係る半導体装置を適用可能な電子機器について説明する。
Claims (9)
- 撮像部と、表示部と、を備える半導体装置であって、
前記撮像部は、
マトリクス状に配置された複数の光電変換素子を備え、
前記表示部は、
マトリクス状に配置された複数の表示画素回路と、
マトリクス状に配置された複数の表示素子と、を備え、
前記複数の光電変換素子は第1層に設けられ、
前記複数の表示画素回路は前記第1層上の第2層に設けられ、
前記複数の表示素子は前記第2層上の第3層に設けられ、
前記複数の表示画素回路の一は、前記複数の表示素子の一と電気的に接続される半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記複数の光電変換素子を用いて撮像データを取得する機能と、
一行毎に全列の前記撮像データを前記表示部に供給する機能と、を備える半導体装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記撮像データの電圧を調整して前記表示部に供給する機能を備える半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項において、
前記表示画素回路は、前記表示素子の発光輝度を制御する機能を備える半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項において、
前記表示素子は、有機EL素子である半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項において、
前記表示画素回路は、酸化物半導体を有するトランジスタを含む半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項において、
前記第1層と前記第2層は、接着層およびバンプを介して接続されている半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の半導体装置と、
アンテナ、バッテリ、またはマイクの少なくとも一と、
を備える電子機器。 - 請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の半導体装置と、
装着部、レンズ、本体、またはケーブルの少なくとも一を有し、
前記レンズを介して、使用者の情報を取得する機能を備える電子機器。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2023508132A JPWO2022200905A1 (ja) | 2021-03-25 | 2022-03-11 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021-051402 | 2021-03-25 | ||
JP2021051402 | 2021-03-25 | ||
JP2021077295 | 2021-04-30 | ||
JP2021-077295 | 2021-04-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022200905A1 true WO2022200905A1 (ja) | 2022-09-29 |
Family
ID=83395106
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2022/052185 WO2022200905A1 (ja) | 2021-03-25 | 2022-03-11 | 半導体装置および電子機器 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPWO2022200905A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2022200905A1 (ja) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004045636A (ja) * | 2002-07-10 | 2004-02-12 | Sharp Corp | 表示装置およびそれを備えた画像読み取り/表示システム |
JP2008241827A (ja) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-09 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電気光学装置および電子機器 |
JP2017130190A (ja) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-07-27 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 電子機器、表示システム |
JP2018060980A (ja) * | 2016-10-07 | 2018-04-12 | キヤノン株式会社 | 撮像表示装置及びウェアラブルデバイス |
US20180114800A1 (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-26 | Shaoher Pan | Fabricating integrated light-emitting pixel arrays for displays |
JP2018190975A (ja) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-29 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 撮像表示装置および電子機器 |
WO2019102296A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-05-31 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 撮像装置、および電子機器 |
JP2021002034A (ja) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-01-07 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 表示装置、表示モジュール、電子機器、及び表示装置の作製方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-03-11 JP JP2023508132A patent/JPWO2022200905A1/ja active Pending
- 2022-03-11 WO PCT/IB2022/052185 patent/WO2022200905A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004045636A (ja) * | 2002-07-10 | 2004-02-12 | Sharp Corp | 表示装置およびそれを備えた画像読み取り/表示システム |
JP2008241827A (ja) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-09 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電気光学装置および電子機器 |
JP2017130190A (ja) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-07-27 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 電子機器、表示システム |
JP2018060980A (ja) * | 2016-10-07 | 2018-04-12 | キヤノン株式会社 | 撮像表示装置及びウェアラブルデバイス |
US20180114800A1 (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-26 | Shaoher Pan | Fabricating integrated light-emitting pixel arrays for displays |
JP2018190975A (ja) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-29 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 撮像表示装置および電子機器 |
WO2019102296A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-05-31 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 撮像装置、および電子機器 |
JP2021002034A (ja) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-01-07 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 表示装置、表示モジュール、電子機器、及び表示装置の作製方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2022200905A1 (ja) | 2022-09-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP2021002034A (ja) | 表示装置、表示モジュール、電子機器、及び表示装置の作製方法 | |
TWI829746B (zh) | 顯示裝置、顯示模組、電子裝置及顯示裝置的製造方法 | |
JP7257460B2 (ja) | Icチップ | |
WO2022123388A1 (ja) | 表示システム | |
US20230335605A1 (en) | Semiconductor device | |
JP2023093390A (ja) | 表示装置、及び電子機器 | |
WO2022200905A1 (ja) | 半導体装置および電子機器 | |
KR20240011167A (ko) | 표시 장치 | |
KR20230131200A (ko) | 표시 장치 | |
WO2022167893A1 (ja) | 半導体装置 | |
WO2022249001A1 (ja) | 半導体装置、表示装置、及び電子機器 | |
WO2023037203A1 (ja) | 半導体装置 | |
WO2022248963A1 (ja) | 半導体装置 | |
WO2022153138A1 (ja) | 表示装置、表示装置の作製方法、及び電子機器 | |
US20240107861A1 (en) | Display device, method for manufacturing display device, and electronic device | |
WO2022172124A1 (ja) | 表示装置、電子機器 | |
WO2021064509A1 (ja) | 表示装置 | |
WO2023073479A1 (ja) | 表示装置、及び電子機器 | |
WO2022189890A1 (ja) | 表示装置の作製方法 | |
WO2023275676A1 (ja) | 半導体装置、および半導体装置の駆動方法 | |
WO2023084356A1 (ja) | 表示装置、及び電子機器 | |
WO2022200937A1 (ja) | 表示装置、及び電子機器 | |
WO2022162497A1 (ja) | 半導体装置および電子機器 | |
WO2022118141A1 (ja) | 表示装置、および表示補正システム | |
WO2022149042A1 (ja) | 表示装置、表示装置の作製方法、及び電子機器 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22774425 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023508132 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18283079 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 22774425 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |