WO2022181155A1 - 撮像装置および電子機器 - Google Patents
撮像装置および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022181155A1 WO2022181155A1 PCT/JP2022/002533 JP2022002533W WO2022181155A1 WO 2022181155 A1 WO2022181155 A1 WO 2022181155A1 JP 2022002533 W JP2022002533 W JP 2022002533W WO 2022181155 A1 WO2022181155 A1 WO 2022181155A1
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- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an imaging device that performs imaging by performing photoelectric conversion and an electronic device equipped with the imaging device.
- Patent Document 1 a photoelectric conversion portion and a charge holding portion are provided on a Si (111) substrate extending along a horizontal plane orthogonal to the thickness direction (first direction).
- An imaging device is disclosed in which a light shielding portion including a light shielding portion and a vertical light shielding portion orthogonal to the horizontal light shielding portion is provided to improve the light shielding property with respect to the charge holding portion.
- imaging devices are required to improve the deterioration of parasitic photosensitivity characteristics due to light leakage.
- An imaging device has a semiconductor substrate having a first surface serving as a light incident surface and a second surface facing the first surface, and having a plurality of sensor pixels arranged in an array. , a photoelectric conversion unit provided on the first surface side in the semiconductor substrate and generating electric charges according to the amount of light received by photoelectric conversion; a first light shielding portion extending in the in-plane direction of the semiconductor substrate between the photoelectric conversion portion and the charge holding portion; and a condensing optical system for condensing the incident light substantially at the geometric center of the first light shielding portion.
- An electronic device has the imaging device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a first light shielding portion extending in the in-plane direction of the semiconductor substrate; An optical system was provided. This prevents light that has passed through the photoelectric conversion portion without being absorbed from entering the charge holding portion.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration example of an imaging device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of some sensor pixels in the imaging device shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing an example of the configuration of a pixel array section in the imaging device shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pixel array portion taken along line II shown in FIG. 3; It is a figure explaining the calculation method of the geometric center of a light-shielding part.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view showing an example of the configuration of a pixel array section in an imaging device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view showing an example of the configuration of a pixel array section in an imaging device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pixel array portion taken along line II-II shown in FIG. 6;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a planar shape of a light shielding portion in an imaging device according to Modification 1 of the present disclosure;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the planar shape of the light shielding portion in the imaging device according to Modification 1 of the present disclosure;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the planar shape of the light shielding portion in the imaging device according to Modification 1 of the present disclosure;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the planar shape of the light shielding portion in the imaging device according to Modification 1 of the present disclosure;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the planar shape of the light shielding portion in the imaging device according to Modification 1 of the present disclosure;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a planar shape of a light shielding portion in an imaging device according
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the planar shape of the light shielding portion in the imaging device according to Modification 1 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the planar shape of the light shielding portion in the imaging device according to Modification 1 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the planar shape of the light shielding portion in the imaging device according to Modification 1 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the planar shape of the light shielding portion in the imaging device according to Modification 1 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a planar layout of light shielding units and light receiving lenses for sensor pixels in an imaging device according to Modification 2 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a planar layout of light shielding units and light receiving lenses with respect to sensor pixels in an imaging device according to Modification 2 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a planar layout of light shielding units and light receiving lenses with respect to sensor pixels in an imaging device according to Modification 2 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a planar layout of light shielding units and light receiving lenses with respect to sensor pixels in an imaging device according to Modification 2 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a planar layout of light shielding units and light receiving lenses with respect to sensor pixels in an imaging device according to Modification 2 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a planar layout of light shielding units and light receiving lenses with respect to sensor pixels in an imaging device according to Modification 2 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a planar layout of light shielding units and light
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a planar layout of light shielding units and light receiving lenses with respect to sensor pixels in an imaging device according to Modification 2 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a planar layout of light shielding units and light receiving lenses with respect to sensor pixels in an imaging device according to Modification 2 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a planar layout of color filters in an imaging device according to Modification 3 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a planar layout of color filters in an imaging device according to Modification 3 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a planar layout of color filters in an imaging device according to Modification 3 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a planar layout of color filters in an imaging device according to Modification 3 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration of a pixel array section in an imaging device according to Modification 4 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration of a pixel array section in an imaging device according to Modification 5 of the present disclosure
- FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a configuration of a pixel array section in an imaging device according to Modification 6 of the present disclosure
- 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of an electronic device
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a vehicle control system
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of installation positions of an outside information detection unit and an imaging unit
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an imaging device as another modified example of the present disclosure
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an imaging device as another modified example of the present disclosure
- First Embodiment an example of an imaging device in which a horizontal light shielding section and a light receiving lens are arranged so that incident light is condensed substantially at the geometric center of the horizontal light shielding section
- Second Embodiment Example of Imaging Device Having Horizontal Light-Shielding Section Extending in One Direction
- Modification 3-1 Modification
- Modification 1 (example of planar shape of light shielding portion) 3-2.
- Modification 2 (Example of Planar Layout of Light-Shielding Units and Light-Receiving Lenses for Sensor Pixels) 3-3.
- Modification 3 (example of planar layout of color filters) 3-4.
- Modification 4 (another example of the configuration of the light shielding portion) 3-5.
- Modification 5 (another example of the configuration of the light shielding portion) 3-6.
- Modified example 6 (an example in which multiple layers of light-receiving lenses are provided) 4.
- Application example to electronic equipment 5 Example of application to moving bodies 6 .
- FIG. 1 illustrates a functional configuration example of an imaging device (imaging device 1) according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the imaging device 1 is a so-called global shutter type back-illuminated image sensor such as a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor.
- the image capturing apparatus 1 captures an image by receiving light from a subject and photoelectrically converting the light to generate an image signal.
- the global shutter method is basically a global exposure method that starts exposure for all pixels at the same time and finishes exposure for all pixels at the same time.
- all pixels means all pixels appearing in the image, excluding dummy pixels and the like.
- the global shutter method also includes a method in which global exposure is performed not only on all the pixels in the portion appearing in the image, but also on pixels in a predetermined area.
- a back-illuminated image sensor has a photoelectric conversion unit such as a photodiode that receives light from a subject and converts it into an electrical signal. is provided between the wiring layer provided with the image sensor. Note that the present technology is not limited to application to CMOS image sensors.
- the imaging device 1 includes, for example, a pixel array unit 111, a vertical driving unit 112, a ramp wave module 113, a column signal processing unit 114, a clock module 115, a data storage unit 116, a horizontal driving unit 117, a system control unit 118, and a signal processing unit. 119 are provided.
- a pixel array section 111 is formed on a semiconductor substrate 11 (described later). Peripheral circuits such as the vertical driving unit 112 to the signal processing unit 119 are formed on the same semiconductor substrate 11 as the pixel array unit 111, for example.
- the pixel array section 111 has a plurality of sensor pixels 121 each including a photoelectric conversion element that generates and accumulates charges according to the amount of light incident from the object.
- the sensor pixels 121 are arranged in the horizontal direction (row direction) and the vertical direction (column direction), respectively, as shown in FIG.
- the pixel driving lines 122 are wired along the row direction for each pixel row composed of the sensor pixels 121 arranged in a line in the row direction, and the sensor pixels 121 are arranged in a line in the column direction.
- a vertical signal line 123 is wired along the column direction for each pixel column.
- the vertical driving section 112 is composed of a shift register, an address decoder, and the like.
- the vertical driving section 112 supplies signals and the like to the plurality of sensor pixels 121 via the plurality of pixel drive lines 122, thereby simultaneously driving all of the plurality of sensor pixels 121 in the pixel array section 111, or driving the pixels. Drive by row.
- the ramp wave module 113 generates a ramp wave signal used for A/D (Analog/Digital) conversion of pixel signals and supplies it to the column signal processing unit 114 .
- the column signal processing unit 114 includes, for example, a shift register and an address decoder, and performs noise removal processing, correlated double sampling processing, A/D conversion processing, and the like to generate pixel signals.
- the column signal processing unit 114 supplies the generated pixel signals to the signal processing unit 119 .
- the clock module 115 supplies clock signals for operation to each part of the imaging device 1 .
- the horizontal driving section 117 sequentially selects unit circuits corresponding to the pixel columns of the column signal processing section 114 . By selective scanning by the horizontal drive unit 117 , pixel signals that have undergone signal processing for each unit circuit in the column signal processing unit 114 are sequentially output to the signal processing unit 119 .
- the system control unit 118 consists of a timing generator that generates various timing signals.
- the system control section 118 drives and controls the vertical driving section 112, the ramp wave module 113, the column signal processing section 114, the clock module 115 and the horizontal driving section 117 based on the timing signal generated by the timing generator.
- the signal processing unit 119 performs signal processing such as arithmetic processing on the pixel signals supplied from the column signal processing unit 114 while temporarily storing data in the data storage unit 116 as necessary, and outputs each pixel signal. It outputs an image signal consisting of
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the circuit configuration of one sensor pixel 121 of the pixel array section 111. As shown in FIG.
- the sensor pixel 121 in the pixel array section 111 includes a photoelectric conversion section 51, a first transfer transistor (TRX) 52, a second transfer transistor (TRM) 53, a charge holding section (MEM) 54, and a third transfer transistor. It includes a transistor (TRG) 55 , a charge-voltage converter (FD) 56 , an ejection transistor (OFG) 57 , a reset transistor (RST) 58 , an amplification transistor (AMP) 59 and a selection transistor (SEL) 60 .
- TRG transistor
- FD charge-voltage converter
- OFG ejection transistor
- RST reset transistor
- AMP amplification transistor
- SEL selection transistor
- TRX52, TRM53, TRG55, OFG57, RST58, AMP59 and SEL60 are all N-type MOS transistors.
- Drive signals S52, S53, S55, S57, S58 and S60 are supplied to gate electrodes of TRX52, TRM53, TRG55, OFG57, RST58 and SEL60, respectively.
- the drive signals S52, S53, S55, S57, S58, and S60 are pulse signals whose high level state is active (on state) and whose low level state is inactive (off state). Note that hereinafter, setting the drive signal to the active state is also referred to as turning the drive signal on, and setting the drive signal to the inactive state is also referred to as turning the drive signal off.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 51 is a photoelectric conversion element made up of, for example, a PN junction photodiode.
- the TRX 52 is connected between the photoelectric conversion section 51 and the TRM 53, and transfers the charge accumulated in the photoelectric conversion section 51 to the MEM 54 in accordance with the drive signal S52 applied to the gate electrode of the TRX 52. be.
- the TRM 53 controls the potential of the MEM 54 according to the drive signal S53 applied to the gate electrode of the TRM 53. For example, when the driving signal S53 is turned on and the TRM 53 is turned on, the potential of the MEM 54 deepens. Further, when the driving signal S53 is turned off and the TRM 53 is turned off, the potential of the MEM 54 becomes shallow.
- the drive signals S52 and S53 are turned on and the TRX52 and TRM53 are turned on, the charges accumulated in the photoelectric conversion section 51 are transferred to the MEM 54 via the TRX52 and TRM53.
- the MEM 54 is a region that temporarily holds electric charges accumulated in the photoelectric conversion unit 51 in order to realize the global shutter function.
- the TRG55 is connected between the TRM53 and the FD56, and transfers the charge held in the MEM54 to the FD56 according to the drive signal S55 applied to the gate electrode of the TRG55. For example, when the drive signal S53 is turned off, the TRM53 is turned off, the drive signal S55 is turned on, and the TRG55 is turned on, the charge held in the MEM54 is transferred to the FD56 via the TRM53 and TRG55. ing.
- the FD 56 is a floating diffusion region that converts the charge transferred from the MEM 54 via the TRG 55 into an electrical signal (for example, voltage signal) and outputs the electrical signal.
- the FD 56 is connected to the RST 58 and the vertical signal line VSL via the AMP 59 and SEL 60 .
- OFG 57 has a drain connected to power supply VDD and a source connected to the wiring between TRX 52 and TRM 53 .
- the OFG 57 initializes, ie resets, the photoelectric conversion section 51 according to the drive signal S57 applied to its gate electrode. For example, when the drive signal S52 and the drive signal S57 are turned on and the TRX52 and OFG57 are turned on, the potential of the photoelectric conversion section 51 is reset to the voltage level of the power supply VDD. That is, initialization of the photoelectric conversion unit 51 is performed.
- the OFG 57 forms an overflow path between the TRX 52 and the power supply VDD, and discharges the charges overflowing from the photoelectric conversion section 51 to the power supply VDD.
- RST 58 has a drain connected to power supply VDD and a source connected to FD 56 .
- the RST 58 initializes, that is, resets each region from the MEM 54 to the FD 56 according to the drive signal S58 applied to its gate electrode. For example, when the driving signals S55 and S58 are turned on and the TRG55 and RST58 are turned on, the potentials of the MEM54 and the FD56 are reset to the voltage level of the power supply VDD. That is, the MEM54 and FD56 are initialized.
- the AMP 59 has a gate electrode connected to the FD 56 and a drain connected to the power supply VDD, and serves as an input section of a source follower circuit that reads out charges obtained by photoelectric conversion in the photoelectric conversion section 51. That is, the AMP 59 forms a source follower circuit together with a constant current source connected to one end of the vertical signal line VSL by connecting its source to the vertical signal line VSL via the SEL 60 .
- the SEL60 is connected between the source of the AMP59 and the vertical signal line VSL, and the drive signal S60 is supplied as a selection signal to the gate electrode of the SEL60.
- the SEL 60 becomes conductive when the drive signal S60 is turned on, and the sensor pixel 121 provided with the SEL 60 becomes selected.
- the sensor pixel 121 is in the selected state, the pixel signal output from the AMP 59 is read by the column signal processing section 114 through the vertical signal line VSL.
- a plurality of pixel drive lines 122 are wired for each pixel row, for example.
- Drive signals S52, S53, S55, S57, S58, and S60 are supplied to the selected sensor pixels 121 from the vertical drive section 112 through the plurality of pixel drive lines 122.
- each transistor of RST 58, AMP 59 and SEL 60 is hereinafter referred to as a pixel transistor.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of the planar configuration of the pixel array section 111 in the imaging device 1.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration of the pixel array section 111 taken along line II shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows a total of 16 sensor pixels 121 arranged in an array of four each in the row direction (X-axis direction) and the column direction (Y-axis direction) among the plurality of sensor pixels 121 in the imaging device 1.
- other sensor pixels 121 in the imaging device 1 also have substantially the same configuration as that shown in FIG.
- the surface along which the semiconductor substrate 11 extends is the XY plane
- the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 11 is the Z-axis direction.
- the imaging device 1 includes a semiconductor substrate 11, a photoelectric conversion portion 51 embedded in the semiconductor substrate 11, a TRX 52, a TRM 53, a MEM 54, a TRG 55, an OFG 57, light shielding portions 12 and 13, and an etching stopper 17. , a color filter CF, and a light receiving lens LNS.
- the back surface 11B becomes the light-receiving surface.
- the semiconductor substrate 11 is made of, for example, a Si (111) substrate.
- a Si (111) substrate is a single crystal silicon substrate having a (111) crystal orientation.
- the semiconductor substrate 11 has a back surface 11B, which is a light-receiving surface that receives light from a subject that has passed through the light-receiving lens LNS and the color filter CF, and a surface 11A that faces the back surface 11B.
- the photoelectric conversion section 51 has, for example, an N ⁇ type semiconductor region 51A and an N type semiconductor region 51B in order from the position closer to the back surface 11B. Light incident on the rear surface 11B is photoelectrically converted in the N ⁇ type semiconductor region 51A to generate electric charges, and then the electric charges are accumulated in the N type semiconductor region 51B.
- the boundary between the N ⁇ -type semiconductor region 51A and the N-type semiconductor region 51B is not always clear.
- the N-type impurity concentration gradually increases from the N ⁇ -type semiconductor region 51A toward the N-type semiconductor region 51B. All you have to do is
- the light shielding part 12 is a member that functions to prevent light from entering the MEM 54 .
- the light shielding portion 12 is positioned between the photoelectric conversion portion 51 (photoelectric conversion region 51X) and the MEM 54 in the Z-axis direction as shown in FIG. It is provided so that the transmitted light L is condensed approximately at its geometric center.
- the light shielding portion 12 includes, for example, a horizontal light shielding portion 12H provided on the opposite side of the back surface 11B of the semiconductor substrate 11 when viewed from the photoelectric conversion region 51X and extending along the horizontal plane (XY plane), and the horizontal light shielding portion 12H. 12H and a vertical light shielding portion 12V extending along the YZ plane so as to be orthogonal to 12H.
- the "geometric center” corresponds to the position of the arithmetic average taken over all points belonging to the outline of the object.
- the geometric center corresponds to the center of gravity of the target object when the density is uniform.
- a geometric center can be obtained, for example, as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 5, a coordinate system of the outline of the object is created, and coordinates of all points belonging to the outline of the object (X 1 , Y 1 ), (X 2 , Y 2 ), . X n , Y n ). Next, the average value X ave of X 1 to X n and the average value Y ave of Y 1 to Y n are calculated respectively. This gives the coordinates (X ave , Y ave ) of the geometric center.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 12H corresponds to a specific example of the "first light shielding portion" of the present disclosure.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 12H is positioned between the photoelectric conversion region 51X and the MEM 54 in the Z-axis direction and extends on the XY plane, as shown in FIG.
- the horizontal light-shielding portion 12H has four sensor pixels 121 arranged in two rows and two columns as one pixel unit, and forms a substantially rhombic shape on the XY plane from the center thereof. extended.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 12H is provided for each pixel unit, and in the pixel array portion 111, as shown in FIG. is provided.
- the light receiving lens LNS is provided so as to substantially face the horizontal light shielding portion 12H provided in this manner.
- the light L that passes through the light receiving lens LNS enters from the rear surface 11B, and passes through the photoelectric conversion region 51X without being absorbed by the photoelectric conversion region 51X is, as shown in FIG.
- Light is condensed (condensed spot X) at the geometric center.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 12H functions to suppress the light transmitted through the photoelectric conversion region 51X from entering the MEM 54 and generating noise.
- An aperture 12K is provided between adjacent horizontal light shielding portions 12H provided for each pixel unit. This opening 12K corresponds to a specific example of the "first opening" of the present disclosure.
- the vertical light shielding portion 12V corresponds to a specific example of the "third light shielding portion" of the present disclosure. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the vertical light shielding portion 12V extends in the Z-axis direction from the back surface 11B side of the semiconductor substrate 11, provided at the boundary portion between the sensor pixels 121 adjacent in the X-axis direction in plan view. existing walls. The vertical light shielding portion 12V is continuously provided for every two sensor pixels 121 adjacent in the Y-axis direction in the pixel unit provided with the horizontal light shielding portion 12H. The vertical light shielding portion 12V functions to prevent noise such as color mixture from being caused by leakage light from the adjacent sensor pixels 121 entering the photoelectric conversion portion 51 .
- the light shielding portion 12 has a two-layer structure of an inner layer portion 12A and an outer layer portion 12B surrounding it.
- the inner layer portion 12A is made of, for example, a light-shielding material containing at least one of a single metal, a metal alloy, a metal nitride, and a metal silicide. More specifically, materials constituting the inner layer portion 12A include Al (aluminum), Cu (copper), Co (cobalt), W (tungsten), Ti (titanium), Ta (tantalum), and Ni (nickel). , Mo (molybdenum), Cr (chromium), Ir (iridium), platinum iridium, TiN (titanium nitride), tungsten silicon compounds, and the like.
- the inner layer portion 12A may be made of graphite or a low refractive index material.
- the outer layer portion 12B is made of an insulating material such as SiOx (silicon oxide). Electrical insulation between the inner layer portion 12A and the semiconductor substrate 11 is ensured by the outer layer portion 12B.
- the light shielding portion 12 can be formed from the back surface 11B side of the semiconductor substrate 11 by, for example, combining dry etching and wet etching.
- a predetermined alkaline aqueous solution is used as an etching solution.
- inorganic solutions such as KOH, NaOH or CsOH can be applied, and organic solutions such as EDP (ethylenediaminepyrocatechol aqueous solution), N 2 H 4 (hydrazine) and NH 4 OH (ammonium hydroxide) can be used.
- EDP ethylenediaminepyrocatechol aqueous solution
- N 2 H 4 hydrazine
- NH 4 OH ammonium hydroxide
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- crystal anisotropic etching is performed using the property that the etching rate differs depending on the plane orientation of Si (111). Specifically, in a Si(111) substrate, the etching rate in the ⁇ 110> direction is sufficiently higher than the etching rate in the ⁇ 111> direction. Therefore, in the present embodiment, etching progresses in the X-axis direction, while etching hardly progresses in the Y-axis and Z-axis directions. As a result, a space 12Z surrounded by the first crystal plane 11S1, the second crystal plane 11S2, and the third crystal plane 11S3 and communicating with the trench 12T is formed inside the semiconductor substrate 11, which is a Si (111) substrate. is formed. The distance of progress of etching in the ⁇ 110> direction can be adjusted by adjusting the etching treatment time of the semiconductor substrate 11 with the alkaline aqueous solution.
- the light shielding portion 13 is a member that functions to prevent light from entering the MEM 54. As shown in FIG. For example, it is provided so as to surround the MEM 54 .
- the light shielding portion 13 is, for example, a horizontal light shielding portion 13H provided on the side opposite to the back surface 11B of the semiconductor substrate 11 when viewed from the photoelectric conversion portion 51 (photoelectric conversion region 51X) and extending along the horizontal plane (XY plane). and a vertical light shielding portion 13V extending along the YZ plane so as to be orthogonal to the horizontal light shielding portion 13H.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 13H corresponds to a specific example of the "second light shielding portion" of the present disclosure.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 13H is provided, for example, at a position facing the opening 12K of the horizontal light shielding portion 12H of the light shielding portion 12 so as to cover the MEM 54 in plan view.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 13H is positioned between the photoelectric conversion portion 51 (photoelectric conversion region 51X) and the MEM 54 in the Z-axis direction as shown in FIG. It is provided over the entire XY plane in the pixel array section 111 except for 13K.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 13H functions as a reflector, and functions to further suppress the light transmitted through the photoelectric conversion portion 51 from entering the MEM 54 and generating noise.
- the horizontal light shielding portions 12H and 13H may have light absorption instead of light reflection.
- the vertical light shielding portion 13V corresponds to a specific example of the "fourth light shielding portion" of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, the vertical light shielding portion 13V is, for example, a wall portion provided at the boundary portion between the sensor pixels 121 adjacent in the X-axis direction and extending in the Y-axis direction. The vertical light shielding portion 13V is exposed on the surface 11A of the Si(111) substrate. Similar to the vertical light shielding portion 12V, the vertical light shielding portion 13V functions to prevent leakage light from the adjacent sensor pixels 121 from entering the photoelectric conversion portion 51 and causing noise such as color mixture.
- the light shielding part 13 has a two-layer structure of an inner layer part 13A and an outer layer part 13B surrounding it.
- the inner layer portion 13A is made of, for example, a light shielding material containing at least one of a single metal, a metal alloy, a metal nitride, and a metal silicide. More specifically, materials constituting the inner layer portion 13A include Al (aluminum), Cu (copper), Co (cobalt), W (tungsten), Ti (titanium), Ta (tantalum), and Ni (nickel).
- the inner layer portion 13A may be made of graphite or a low refractive index material.
- the outer layer portion 13B is made of an insulating material such as SiOx (silicon oxide). Electrical insulation between the inner layer portion 13A and the semiconductor substrate 11 is ensured by the outer layer portion 13B.
- the light shielding portion 13 can be formed from the front surface 11A side of the semiconductor substrate 11 by, for example, combining dry etching and wet etching in the same manner as the light shielding portion 12 .
- the etching stoppers 17 are provided at both ends of the opening 13K in the X-axis direction.
- the etching stopper 17 has a function of inhibiting the progress of etching when the horizontal light shielding portion 13H is formed by wet etching.
- the etching stopper 17 exhibits etching resistance to an etching solution capable of etching the semiconductor substrate 11 in the ⁇ 110> direction, such as an alkaline aqueous solution.
- an impurity element such as B (boron)
- a crystal defect structure obtained by implanting hydrogen ions or an insulator such as oxide can be used.
- the gate electrodes of the TRX52, TRM53, TRG55 and OFG57 are all provided on the surface 11A of the semiconductor substrate 11 with the insulating layer 18 interposed therebetween.
- the MEM 54 which is an N-type semiconductor region, is embedded in the semiconductor substrate 11 and arranged between the surface 11A and the horizontal light shielding portion 13H. Furthermore, a P-type semiconductor region 16 is provided between the MRM 54 and the surface 11A.
- the TRX 52 includes a horizontal terminal portion 52H and a vertical terminal portion 52V as gate electrodes.
- the horizontal terminal portion 52 ⁇ /b>H is provided on the front surface 11 ⁇ /b>A of the semiconductor substrate 11 .
- the vertical terminal portion 52V extends downward from the horizontal terminal portion 52H along the Z-axis direction, sequentially penetrates the opening 13K and the N-type semiconductor region 51B, and reaches the interior of the N ⁇ type semiconductor region 51A.
- the vertical terminal portion 52V is provided in the Si residual region 22 (region corresponding to the opening 13K) other than the region occupied by the horizontal light shielding portion 13H in the horizontal plane.
- the TRX 52 is through which electric charges moving from the photoelectric conversion unit 51 to the MEM 54 pass.
- the imaging device 1 further has a fixed charge film 15 provided between the photoelectric conversion section 51 and the back surface 11B.
- the fixed charge film 15 is exposed on the rear surface 11B.
- the fixed charge film 15 has negative fixed charges in order to suppress the generation of dark current due to the interface state of the back surface 11B, which is the light receiving surface of the semiconductor substrate 11.
- a hole accumulation layer is formed in the vicinity of the back surface 11B of the semiconductor substrate 11 by the electric field induced by the fixed charge film 15 . This hole accumulation layer suppresses the generation of electrons from the back surface 11B.
- the color filter CF is provided so as to be in contact with the fixed charge film 15 .
- the light receiving lens LNS is provided on the light receiving surface side of the semiconductor substrate 11 . Specifically, the light-receiving lens LNS is located on the opposite side of the fixed charge film 15 when viewed from the color filters CF, and is provided so as to be in contact with the color filters CF.
- a plurality of light-receiving lenses LNS are provided in an array in a pixel array section 111 in which a plurality of sensor pixels 121 are arranged in the row direction (X-axis direction) and column direction (Y-axis direction). Specifically, one light receiving lens LNS is provided for each of four sensor pixels 121 arranged in two rows and two columns. 3 and 4, the light-receiving lens LNS is arranged so that the light L transmitted through the light-receiving lens LNS is condensed substantially at the geometric center of the light shielding portion 12.
- the light-receiving lens LNS of the present embodiment has one light-receiving lens LNS for every four sensor pixels 121 (pixel units) arranged in two rows and two columns so as to substantially face the horizontal light shielding portion 12H, as described above. are provided one by one.
- the focal point of the light receiving lens LNS and the geometric center of the horizontal light shielding portion 12H are provided so as to substantially match.
- part of the sensor pixels 121 arrayed in the horizontal direction (row direction) and the vertical direction (column direction) in the pixel array section 111 may be image plane phase difference pixels.
- the image plane phase difference pixel divides the pupil area of the imaging lens, photoelectrically converts the subject image from the divided pupil area, and generates a signal for phase difference detection.
- the image plane phase difference pixels are, for example, discretely arranged between the sensor pixels 121 .
- the in-plane direction (XY direction) of the semiconductor substrate 11 is provided between the photoelectric conversion portion 51 (photoelectric conversion region 51X) provided in the semiconductor substrate 11 and the MEM 54 . and a light-receiving lens LNS is provided on the back surface 11B side of the semiconductor substrate 11 so that the light L is condensed substantially at the geometric center of the light-shielding portion 12 in plan view. did.
- the light shielding portion 12 (horizontal light shielding portion 12H) is formed by two pixels in the pixel array portion 111 in which the plurality of sensor pixels 121 are arranged in the row direction (X-axis direction) and the column direction (Y-axis direction).
- Four sensor pixels 121 arranged in rows and two columns are provided in a substantially rhombic shape on the XY plane from the center.
- the light-receiving lens LNS is provided for each of the four sensor pixels 121 arranged in two rows and two columns, similarly to the horizontal light shielding portion 12H, so as to substantially face the horizontal light shielding portion 12H.
- the light (leakage light) that passes through the light-receiving lens LNS and enters from the rear surface 11B and passes through the photoelectric conversion region 51X without being absorbed by the photoelectric conversion region 51X enters the MEM 54. intrusion is prevented. Therefore, the generation of noise due to incident light leaking into the MEM 54 is reduced. That is, it is possible to improve the parasitic photosensitivity (PLS).
- PLS parasitic photosensitivity
- the horizontal light shielding portion 12H and the light receiving lens LNS are provided for each of the four sensor pixels 121 arranged in two rows and two columns.
- the light L is condensed substantially at the geometric center of the horizontal light shielding portion 12H. Therefore, it is possible to prevent light leaking from one sensor pixel 121 to another adjacent sensor pixel 121 from entering the photoelectric conversion unit 51 of another sensor pixel 121 . Therefore, it is possible to improve oblique incidence characteristics. That is, it is possible to prevent noise such as color mixture from occurring. In addition, miniaturization can be achieved.
- one light receiving lens LNS is provided for each of the four sensor pixels 121 arranged in two rows and two columns as described above. Therefore, when the image plane phase difference pixels are provided between the sensor pixels 121 arranged in an array as described above, it is possible to improve the image plane phase difference characteristics.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 13H is provided to cover the light receiving surface side of the MEM 54, so the effect of the electric field generated in each transistor (for example, TRX 52, etc.) in each sensor pixel 121 can be avoided from reaching the photoelectric conversion unit 51 . That is, it is possible to prevent the dark current generated by the electric field of each transistor from flowing into the photoelectric conversion unit 51 and generating noise.
- the imaging device 1 of the present embodiment uses the Si(111) substrate as the semiconductor substrate 11, the channel mobility is higher than when the Si(100) substrate is used, and the charge transfer characteristics are improved. can be expected.
- FIG. 6 schematically illustrates an example of a planar configuration of the pixel array section 111 in the imaging device 2 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration of the pixel array section 111 along line II-II shown in FIG.
- the diamond-shaped light shielding portion 12 (horizontal light shielding portion 12H) is provided for each of the four sensor pixels 121 (pixel units) arranged in two rows and two columns. made it In contrast, in the imaging device 2 according to the present embodiment, the horizontal light shielding portion 12H extends in one direction (for example, the row direction (X-axis direction)) and is shared by the pixel units arranged in the same direction. It is the one that was made. Further, the light-receiving lens LNS of the present embodiment is provided for each of the four sensor pixels 121 (pixel units) arranged in two rows and two columns in the row direction (X-axis direction) and the column direction (Y-axis direction). axial direction).
- the light shielding portion 12 (horizontal light shielding portion 12H) is formed to extend, for example, in the row direction (X-axis direction) and is shared by the pixel units arranged in the same direction.
- the light L that has passed through the light-receiving lens LNS, entered from the rear surface 11B, and has passed through the photoelectric conversion region 51X without being absorbed by the photoelectric conversion region 51X is located at the geometric center of the horizontal light-shielding portion 12H or the symmetry of the horizontal light-shielding portion 12H. Focused along the axis.
- the vertical light shielding portion 13V is provided from the rear surface 11B side of the semiconductor substrate 11 so as to contact the horizontal light shielding portion 13H that covers the MEM 54 from the light receiving surface side.
- the vertical light shielding portions 12V and 13V are provided at the boundary positions between the sensor pixels 121 . Therefore, it is possible to further prevent light leaking from one sensor pixel 121 to another adjacent sensor pixel 121 from entering the photoelectric conversion unit 51 of another sensor pixel 121 . Therefore, compared with the imaging device 1 of the first embodiment, the oblique incidence characteristics can be further improved.
- Modification 1 schematically show an example of the planar shape of the light blocking section 12 in the imaging device (for example, the imaging device 1) according to Modification 1 of the present disclosure together with the light receiving lens LNS and the focused spot X. be.
- the shape of the horizontal light shielding portion 12H is not limited to this.
- the planar shape of the horizontal light shielding portion 12H depends on the shape and forming direction of the vertical light shielding portion 12V.
- FIG. 8A shows an example in which the vertical light shielding portion 12V extends in one direction on the XY plane, as in the first embodiment.
- the etching progresses until the crystal plane with the plane index (111) finally appears, and there is a high possibility that the crystal plane will have a rhombic shape, but the shape can be changed by adjusting the etching time or the like. Note that if etching is continued from FIG. 8A, over-etching may occur, resulting in a shape different from the rhombus.
- FIG. 8B shows the planar shape of the horizontal light shielding portion 12H when the vertical light shielding portion 12V is I-shaped in plan view.
- a rhombus can have a shape in which the corners of two opposing vertices are removed.
- FIG. 8C shows the planar shape of the horizontal light shielding portion 12H when the vertical light shielding portion 12V has a "T" shape in plan view.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 12H in this case can finally have a planar shape in which the edge of the vertical light shielding portion 12V becomes a corner.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 12H having various planar shapes can be formed.
- the planar shape of the horizontal light shielding portion 12H is not limited to the polygonal shape shown in FIGS. 8A to 8E, and may be circular as shown in FIG. 8F, for example.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 12H extending in one direction and shared by the pixel units arranged in the same direction is shown, but the shape of the horizontal light shielding portion 12H is limited to this. is not.
- the width of the horizontal light shielding portion 12H extending in one direction does not necessarily have to be constant. You may make it change continuously.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 12H is arranged in each pixel unit consisting of four sensor pixels arranged in two rows and two columns, or in one direction (for example, row direction).
- a plurality of pixels are provided in the pixel array portion 111 for each of the plurality of pixel units arranged is shown, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 12H may be provided over the entire surface of the pixel array portion 111, and an opening 12K may be formed at a predetermined position.
- the light-receiving lens LNS is arranged so that the light L transmitted through the light-receiving lens LNS is condensed substantially at the geometric center of the horizontal light shielding portion 12H. .
- FIGS. 10A and 10B schematically show an example of a planar layout of the light shielding portion 12 (horizontal light shielding portion 12H) and the light receiving lens LNS for the sensor pixels 121 in the imaging device according to Modification 2 of the present disclosure. It is represented.
- the planar layout of the light shielding portion 12 (horizontal light shielding portion 12H) and the light receiving lens LNS is not limited to this.
- the diamond-shaped horizontal light shielding portion 12H and the light receiving lens LNS may be provided for each sensor pixel 121 as shown in FIG. 9A. Further, the diamond-shaped horizontal light shielding portion 12H and the light receiving lens LNS may be provided across two adjacent sensor pixels 121 as shown in FIG. 9B. At that time, the horizontal light shielding portion 12H may be the horizontal light shielding portion 12H extending in one direction (for example, the row direction) shown in the second embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 9C and 9D. . Also, the horizontal light shielding portion 12H extending in one direction may extend in the column direction as shown in FIG. 9E.
- a total of four horizontal light shielding portions 12H and light receiving lenses LNS may be provided for one sensor pixel 121 in two rows and two columns.
- the color filter CF has a red filter R, a green filter G and a blue filter B corresponding to red (R), green (G) and blue (B) arranged for each sensor pixel 121 .
- the red filters R, green filters G, and blue filters B are arranged in a Bayer pattern in the pixel array section 111, as shown in FIG. 11A, for example.
- the red filter R, the green filter G and the blue filter B are arranged for each four sensor pixels 121 arranged in two rows and two columns, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the four sensor pixels 121 arranged in two rows and two columns may be arranged in a Bayer pattern as one unit.
- the red filter R, green filter G, and blue filter B arranged in a Bayer pattern are shifted by 121 minutes per sensor pixel according to the positions of the horizontal light shielding portion 12H and the light receiving lens LNS. You may arrange it.
- FIGS. 11A, 11B, 12A, and 12B show the color filters CF corresponding to red (R), green (G), and blue (B) as examples, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the color filter DF may be composed of color filters corresponding to cyan (C), magenta (M) and yellow (Y), for example.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a cross-sectional configuration of the pixel array section 111 in an imaging device (for example, the imaging device 1) according to Modification 4 of the present disclosure.
- the vertical light shielding portion 12V of the light shielding portion 12 is formed from the back surface 11B side of the semiconductor substrate 11, but the vertical light shielding portion 12V is formed from the front surface 11A side of the semiconductor substrate 11. can be
- the vertical light shielding portions 12V and 13V of the light shielding portions 12 and 13 may be formed from either the front surface 11A side of the semiconductor substrate 11 or the rear surface 11B side of the semiconductor substrate 11.
- FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a cross-sectional configuration of a pixel array section 111 in an imaging device (imaging device 3) according to modification 5 of the present disclosure.
- the light shielding portion 12 located between the photoelectric conversion portion 51 (photoelectric conversion region 51X) and the MEM 54 in the Z-axis direction and the light shielding portion 12 closer to the MEM 54 than the light shielding portion 12
- a light-shielding portion 13 (horizontal light-shielding portion 13H) is provided to cover the light-receiving surface side of the MEM 54 so that the light L transmitted through the light-receiving lens LNS is condensed substantially at the geometric center of the horizontal light-shielding portion 12H. Not exclusively. For example, as shown in FIG.
- the horizontal light shielding portion 13H corresponds to a specific example of the “first light shielding portion” of the present disclosure
- the vertical light shielding portion 13V corresponds to a specific example of the “third light shielding portion” of the present disclosure. become a thing.
- FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a cross-sectional configuration of the pixel array section 111 in the imaging device (imaging device 4) according to Modification 6 of the present disclosure.
- one light receiving lens LNS is provided on the light receiving surface side of the semiconductor substrate 11
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- some of the sensor pixels 121 arranged in an array in the pixel array section 111 are used as image plane phase difference pixels, for example, above the light receiving lens LNS via the protective film 19
- a light receiving lens LNS for pupil correction may be further provided.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a camera 2000 as an electronic device to which the present technology is applied.
- a camera 2000 includes an optical unit 2001 including a group of lenses, an imaging device (imaging device) 2002 to which the imaging device 1 described above is applied, and a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) circuit 2003 that is a camera signal processing circuit.
- the camera 2000 also includes a frame memory 2004 , a display section 2005 , a recording section 2006 , an operation section 2007 and a power supply section 2008 .
- DSP circuit 2003 , frame memory 2004 , display unit 2005 , recording unit 2006 , operation unit 2007 and power supply unit 2008 are interconnected via bus line 2009 .
- An optical unit 2001 captures incident light (image light) from a subject and forms an image on an imaging surface of an imaging device 2002 .
- the imaging device 2002 converts the amount of incident light formed on the imaging surface by the optical unit 2001 into an electric signal for each pixel, and outputs the electric signal as a pixel signal.
- the display unit 2005 is composed of, for example, a panel type display device such as a liquid crystal panel or an organic EL panel, and displays moving images or still images captured by the imaging device 2002 .
- a recording unit 2006 records a moving image or still image captured by the imaging device 2002 in a recording medium such as a hard disk or a semiconductor memory.
- the operation unit 2007 issues operation commands for various functions of the camera 2000 under the user's operation.
- a power supply unit 2008 appropriately supplies various power supplies as operating power supplies for the DSP circuit 2003, the frame memory 2004, the display unit 2005, the recording unit 2006, and the operation unit 2007 to these supply targets.
- imaging device 1 As described above, by using the above-described imaging device 1 or the like as the imaging device 2002, acquisition of good images can be expected.
- the technology (the present technology) according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products.
- the technology according to the present disclosure can be realized as a device mounted on any type of moving body such as automobiles, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles, personal mobility, airplanes, drones, ships, and robots. may
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system, which is an example of a mobile control system to which the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- Vehicle control system 12000 comprises a plurality of electronic control units connected via communication network 12001 .
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a drive system control unit 12010, a body system control unit 12020, an outside information detection unit 12030, an inside information detection unit 12040, and an integrated control unit 12050.
- a microcomputer 12051, an audio/image output unit 12052, and an in-vehicle network I/F (Interface) 120 53 are shown.
- the drive system control unit 12010 controls the operation of devices related to the drive system of the vehicle according to various programs.
- the driving system control unit 12010 includes a driving force generator for generating driving force of the vehicle such as an internal combustion engine or a driving motor, a driving force transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force to the wheels, and a steering angle of the vehicle. It functions as a control device such as a steering mechanism to adjust and a brake device to generate braking force of the vehicle.
- the body system control unit 12020 controls the operation of various devices equipped on the vehicle body according to various programs.
- the body system control unit 12020 functions as a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or a control device for various lamps such as headlamps, back lamps, brake lamps, winkers or fog lamps.
- the body system control unit 12020 can receive radio waves transmitted from a portable device that substitutes for a key or signals from various switches.
- the body system control unit 12020 receives the input of these radio waves or signals and controls the door lock device, power window device, lamps, etc. of the vehicle.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 detects information outside the vehicle in which the vehicle control system 12000 is installed.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 is connected with an imaging section 12031 .
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 causes the imaging unit 12031 to capture an image of the exterior of the vehicle, and receives the captured image.
- the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 may perform object detection processing or distance detection processing such as people, vehicles, obstacles, signs, or characters on the road surface based on the received image.
- the imaging unit 12031 is an optical sensor that receives light and outputs an electrical signal according to the amount of received light.
- the imaging unit 12031 can output the electric signal as an image, and can also output it as distance measurement information.
- the light received by the imaging unit 12031 may be visible light or non-visible light such as infrared rays.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects in-vehicle information.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 is connected to, for example, a driver state detection section 12041 that detects the state of the driver.
- the driver state detection unit 12041 includes, for example, a camera that captures an image of the driver, and the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects the degree of fatigue or concentration of the driver based on the detection information input from the driver state detection unit 12041. It may be calculated, or it may be determined whether the driver is dozing off.
- the microcomputer 12051 calculates control target values for the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, or the braking device based on the information inside and outside the vehicle acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, and controls the drive system control unit.
- a control command can be output to 12010 .
- the microcomputer 12051 realizes the functions of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation of vehicles, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, vehicle lane deviation warning, etc. Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation of vehicles, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving, vehicle collision warning, vehicle lane deviation warning, etc. Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) including collision avoidance or shock mitigation of vehicles, follow-up driving based on inter-vehicle distance, vehicle speed maintenance driving
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the driving force generator, the steering mechanism, the braking device, etc. based on the information about the vehicle surroundings acquired by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030 or the vehicle interior information detection unit 12040, so that the driver's Cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of autonomous driving, etc., in which vehicles autonomously travel without depending on operation.
- the microcomputer 12051 can output a control command to the body system control unit 12020 based on the information outside the vehicle acquired by the information detection unit 12030 outside the vehicle.
- the microcomputer 12051 controls the headlamps according to the position of the preceding vehicle or the oncoming vehicle detected by the vehicle exterior information detection unit 12030, and performs cooperative control aimed at anti-glare such as switching from high beam to low beam. It can be carried out.
- the audio/image output unit 12052 transmits at least one of audio and/or image output signals to an output device capable of visually or audibly notifying the passengers of the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle.
- an audio speaker 12061, a display unit 12062, and an instrument panel 12063 are illustrated as output devices.
- the display unit 12062 may include at least one of an on-board display and a head-up display, for example.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of the installation position of the imaging unit 12031.
- the imaging unit 12031 has imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105.
- the imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105 are provided at positions such as the front nose, side mirrors, rear bumper, back door, and windshield of the vehicle 12100, for example.
- An image pickup unit 12101 provided in the front nose and an image pickup unit 12105 provided above the windshield in the passenger compartment mainly acquire images in front of the vehicle 12100 .
- Imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirrors mainly acquire side images of the vehicle 12100 .
- An imaging unit 12104 provided in the rear bumper or back door mainly acquires an image behind the vehicle 12100 .
- the imaging unit 12105 provided above the windshield in the passenger compartment is mainly used for detecting preceding vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles, traffic lights, traffic signs, lanes, and the like.
- FIG. 18 shows an example of the imaging range of the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
- the imaging range 12111 indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 12101 provided in the front nose
- the imaging ranges 12112 and 12113 indicate the imaging ranges of the imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided in the side mirrors, respectively
- the imaging range 12114 The imaging range of an imaging unit 12104 provided on the rear bumper or back door is shown. For example, by superimposing the image data captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104, a bird's-eye view image of the vehicle 12100 viewed from above can be obtained.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may have a function of acquiring distance information.
- at least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be a stereo camera composed of a plurality of imaging elements, or may be an imaging element having pixels for phase difference detection.
- the microcomputer 12051 determines the distance to each three-dimensional object within the imaging ranges 12111 to 12114 and changes in this distance over time (relative velocity with respect to the vehicle 12100). , it is possible to extract, as the preceding vehicle, the closest three-dimensional object on the traveling path of the vehicle 12100, which runs at a predetermined speed (for example, 0 km/h or more) in substantially the same direction as the vehicle 12100. can. Furthermore, the microcomputer 12051 can set the inter-vehicle distance to be secured in advance in front of the preceding vehicle, and perform automatic brake control (including following stop control) and automatic acceleration control (including following start control). In this way, cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of automatic driving in which the vehicle runs autonomously without relying on the operation of the driver.
- automatic brake control including following stop control
- automatic acceleration control including following start control
- the microcomputer 12051 converts three-dimensional object data related to three-dimensional objects to other three-dimensional objects such as motorcycles, ordinary vehicles, large vehicles, pedestrians, and utility poles. It can be classified and extracted and used for automatic avoidance of obstacles. For example, the microcomputer 12051 distinguishes obstacles around the vehicle 12100 into those that are visible to the driver of the vehicle 12100 and those that are difficult to see. Then, the microcomputer 12051 judges the collision risk indicating the degree of danger of collision with each obstacle, and when the collision risk is equal to or higher than the set value and there is a possibility of collision, an audio speaker 12061 and a display unit 12062 are displayed. By outputting an alarm to the driver via the drive system control unit 12010 and performing forced deceleration and avoidance steering via the drive system control unit 12010, driving support for collision avoidance can be performed.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays.
- the microcomputer 12051 can recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not the pedestrian exists in the captured images of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 .
- recognition of a pedestrian is performed by, for example, a procedure for extracting feature points in images captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104 as infrared cameras, and performing pattern matching processing on a series of feature points indicating the outline of an object to determine whether or not the pedestrian is a pedestrian.
- the audio image output unit 12052 outputs a rectangular outline for emphasis to the recognized pedestrian. is superimposed on the display unit 12062 . Also, the audio/image output unit 12052 may control the display unit 12062 to display an icon or the like indicating a pedestrian at a desired position.
- the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to the imaging unit 12031 among the configurations described above.
- the imaging device 1 or the like shown in FIG. 1 or the like can be applied to the imaging unit 12031.
- the imaging device of the present disclosure is not limited to an imaging device that detects the light amount distribution of visible light and acquires it as an image, and acquires the distribution of the incident amount of infrared rays, X-rays, particles, etc. as an image. It may be an imaging device. In that case, the color filter CF is omitted.
- the imaging device of the present disclosure may be in the form of a module in which the imaging section and the signal processing section or optical system are packaged together.
- a memory retention type global shutter type back-illuminated image sensor has been described, but the present disclosure is not limited to this.
- it may be an FD retention type global shutter type backside illuminated image sensor that retains electric charge not in the electric charge retaining section but in the electric charge voltage converting section.
- the solid-state imaging device of the technology of the present disclosure may have a configuration like the imaging device 1A shown in FIG. 19A or the imaging device 1B shown in FIG. 19B, for example.
- FIG. 19A is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an imaging device 1A as a first modified example of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 19B is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an imaging device 1B as a second modified example of the present disclosure.
- a data storage unit 116 is provided between a column signal processing unit 114 and a horizontal driving unit 117, and pixel signals output from the column signal processing unit 114 pass through the data storage unit 116. and supplied to the signal processing unit 119.
- the imaging device 1B of FIG. 19B is such that the data storage section 116 and the signal processing section 119 are arranged in parallel between the column signal processing section 114 and the horizontal driving section 117 .
- the column signal processing unit 114 performs A/D conversion for converting analog pixel signals into digital pixel signals for each column of the pixel array unit 111 or for each of multiple columns of the pixel array unit 111.
- the present disclosure can also be configured as follows.
- a photoelectric conversion portion and a charge holding portion are provided in the semiconductor substrate in the in-plane direction between the photoelectric conversion portion and the charge holding portion provided on the first surface side and the second surface side facing each other in the semiconductor substrate.
- a first light shielding portion is provided, and a condensing optical system for condensing incident light to the geometric center of the first light shielding portion in plan view is provided on the first surface side. This can prevent light that has passed through the photoelectric conversion portion without being absorbed from entering the charge holding portion. Therefore, PLS can be improved.
- a semiconductor substrate having a first surface serving as a light incident surface and a second surface facing the first surface, and having a plurality of sensor pixels arranged in an array; a photoelectric conversion unit provided on the first surface side in the semiconductor substrate and configured to generate electric charges according to the amount of light received by photoelectric conversion; a charge holding portion provided on the second surface side in the semiconductor substrate and holding the charge transferred from the photoelectric conversion portion; a first light shielding portion extending in an in-plane direction of the semiconductor substrate between the photoelectric conversion portion and the charge holding portion; and a condensing optical system that is provided on the first surface side and condenses incident light substantially at the geometric center of the first light shielding portion in plan view.
- the imaging device (2) The imaging device according to (1), wherein the first light shielding section is shared by the plurality of sensor pixels. (3) The imaging device according to (1) or (2), wherein the first light shielding section is shared by the four sensor pixels arranged in a two-row, two-column pattern. (4) The imaging according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the first light shielding portion is continuously provided over a plurality of sensor pixels arranged in parallel in one direction. Device. (5) The imaging device according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the first light shielding section is provided independently for each sensor pixel. (6) The image capturing apparatus according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the condensing optical system includes a plurality of optical systems arranged in an array.
- each of the plurality of optical systems is shared by the plurality of sensor pixels.
- each of the plurality of optical systems is any one of (1) to (6), wherein one is arranged for each of the four sensor pixels arranged in two rows and two columns; The imaging device described.
- the imaging device according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein each of the plurality of optical systems is shared by two sensor pixels adjacent in one direction.
- the imaging apparatus according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein one of the plurality of optical systems is arranged for each sensor pixel.
- (11) The imaging apparatus according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein a plurality of the optical systems are arranged for one sensor pixel.
- the imaging device according to any one of (1) to (11), wherein the photoelectric conversion unit and the charge holding unit are provided for each sensor pixel.
- the first light shielding part according to any one of (1) to (12) above, wherein one layer or a plurality of layers are formed between the first surface and the second surface. imaging device.
- the imaging device according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the first light shielding section has a first opening.
- a second light shielding portion provided at a position facing at least the first opening in a plan view on the second surface side of the first light shielding portion to prevent the incident light from entering the charge holding portion.
- the imaging device according to (14), further comprising a light shielding section.
- a semiconductor substrate having a first surface serving as a light incident surface and a second surface facing the first surface, and having a plurality of sensor pixels arranged in an array; a photoelectric conversion unit provided on the first surface side in the semiconductor substrate and configured to generate electric charges according to the amount of light received by photoelectric conversion; a charge holding portion provided on the second surface side in the semiconductor substrate and holding the charge transferred from the photoelectric conversion portion; a first light shielding portion extending in an in-plane direction of the semiconductor substrate between the photoelectric conversion portion and the charge holding portion;
- An electronic device comprising: an imaging device provided on the first surface side and condensing incident light substantially at the geometric center of the first light shielding portion in a plan view.
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Abstract
Description
1.第1の実施の形態
(入射光が水平遮光部の略幾何中心に集光するように水平遮光部および受光レンズを配置した撮像装置の例)
2.第2の実施の形態
(一方向に延在する水平遮光部を有する撮像装置の例)
3.変形例
3-1.変形例1(遮光部の平面形状の例)
3-2.変形例2(センサ画素に対する遮光部および受光レンズの平面レイアウトの例)
3-3.変形例3(カラーフィルタの平面レイアウトの例)
3-4.変形例4(遮光部の構成の他の例)
3-5.変形例5(遮光部の構成の他の例)
3-6.変形例6(受光レンズを複数層設けた例)
4.電子機器への適用例
5.移動体への適用例
6.その他の変形例
[撮像装置1の構成]
図1は、本開示の第1の実施の形態に係る撮像装置(撮像装置1)の機能の構成例を表したものである。
次に、図2を参照して、図1の画素アレイ部111に形成されるセンサ画素121の回路構成例について説明する。図2は、画素アレイ部111の1つのセンサ画素121の回路構成の一例を表したものである。
このように、本実施の形態の撮像装置1では、半導体基板11内に設けられた光電変換部51(光電変換領域51X)とMEM54との間に、半導体基板11の面内方向(XY方向)に延在する遮光部12を設け、半導体基板11の受光面である裏面11B側に、平面視において、遮光部12の略幾何中心に光Lが集光するように受光レンズLNSを設けるようにした。
[撮像装置2の構成]
図6は、本開示の第2の実施の形態に係る撮像装置2における画素アレイ部111の平面構成の一例を模式的に表したものである。図7は、図6に示したII-II線における画素アレイ部111の断面構成を模式的に表したものである。
(3-1.変形例1)
図8A~図8Hは、本開示の変形例1に係る撮像装置(例えば、撮像装置1)における遮光部12の平面形状の一例を受光レンズLNSおよび集光スポットXと共に模式的に表したものである。
図9A~図9Eおよび図10A,図10Bは、本開示の変形例2に係る撮像装置におけるセンサ画素121に対する遮光部12(水平遮光部分12H)および受光レンズLNSの平面レイアウトの一例を模式的に表したものである。
図11Aおよび図11Bは、本開示の変形例3に係る撮像装置におけるカラーフィルタCFの平面レイアウトの例を模式的に表したものである。
図13は、本開示の変形例4に係る撮像装置(例えば、撮像装置1)における画素アレイ部111の断面構成の一例を表したものである。上記第1の実施の形態では、遮光部12の垂直遮光部分12Vを半導体基板11の裏面11B側から形成するようにしたが、垂直遮光部分12Vは、半導体基板11の表面11A側から形成するようにしてもよい。
図14は、本開示の変形例5に係る撮像装置(撮像装置3)における画素アレイ部111の断面構成の一例を表したものである。
図15は、本開示の変形例6に係る撮像装置(撮像装置4)における画素アレイ部111の断面構成の一例を表したものである。
図16は、本技術を適用した電子機器としてのカメラ2000の構成例を示すブロック図である。
本開示に係る技術(本技術)は、様々な製品へ応用することができる。例えば、本開示に係る技術は、自動車、電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車、自動二輪車、自転車、パーソナルモビリティ、飛行機、ドローン、船舶、ロボット等のいずれかの種類の移動体に搭載される装置として実現されてもよい。
53が図示されている。
以上、第1,第2の実施の形態および変形例1~6を挙げて本開示を説明したが、本開示は上記実施の形態等に限定されるものではなく、種々の変形が可能である。例えば本開示は、裏面照射型イメージセンサに限定されるものではなく、表面照射型イメージセンサにも適用可能である。
(1)
光入射面となる第1の面および前記第1の面と対向する第2の面を有すると共に、複数のセンサ画素がアレイ状に配置された半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板内の前記第1の面側に設けられ、受光量に応じた電荷を光電変換による生成する光電変換部と、
前記半導体基板内の前記第2の面側に設けられ、前記光電変換部から転送される前記電荷を保持する電荷保持部と、
前記光電変換部と前記電荷保持部との間を、前記半導体基板の面内方向に延在する第1の遮光部と、
前記第1の面側に設けられ、平面視において、前記第1の遮光部の略幾何中心に入射光を集光させる集光光学系と
を備えた撮像装置。
(2)
前記第1の遮光部は、前記複数のセンサ画素に共有されている、前記(1)に記載の撮像装置。
(3)
前記第1の遮光部は、2行2列状に配置された4つの前記センサ画素に共有されている、前記(1)または(2)に記載の撮像装置。
(4)
前記第1の遮光部は一方向に並列して配置された複数のセンサ画素に亘って連続して設けられている、前記(1)乃至(3)のうちのいずれか1つに記載の撮像装置。
(5)
前記第1の遮光部は前記センサ画素ごとに独立して設けられている、前記(1)乃至(4)のうちのいずれか1つに記載の撮像装置。
(6)
前記集光光学系は、複数の光学系がアレイ状に配置されている、前記(1)乃至(5)のうちのいずれか1つに記載の撮像装置。
(7)
前記複数の光学系の各々は、前記複数のセンサ画素に共有されている、前記(1)乃至(6)のうちのいずれか1つに記載の撮像装置。
(8)
前記複数の光学系の各々は、2行2列状に配置された4つの前記センサ画素に対して1つずつ配置されている、前記(1)乃至(6)のうちのいずれか1つに記載の撮像装置。
(9)
前記複数の光学系の各々は、一方向に隣り合う2つのセンサ画素に共有されている、前記(1)乃至(8)のうちのいずれか1つに記載の撮像装置。
(10)
前記複数の光学系は、1つの前記センサ画素に対して1つずつ配置されている、前記(1)乃至(8)のうちのいずれか1つに記載の撮像装置。
(11)
前記複数の光学系は、1つの前記センサ画素に対して複数配置されている、前記(1)乃至(8)のうちのいずれか1つに記載の撮像装置。
(12)
前記光電変換部および前記電荷保持部は、前記センサ画素ごとに設けられている、前記(1)乃至(11)のうちのいずれか1つに記載の撮像装置。
(13)
前記第1の遮光部は、前記第1の面と前記第2の面との間に1層または複数層形成されている、前記(1)乃至(12)のうちのいずれか1つに記載の撮像装置。
(14)
前記第1の遮光部は第1の開口を有している、前記(1)乃至(13)のうちのいずれか1つに記載の撮像装置。
(15)
前記第1の遮光部よりも前記第2の面側の、平面視において、少なくとも前記第1の開口と対向する位置に設けられ、前記電荷保持部への前記入射光の進入を妨げる第2の遮光部をさらに有する、前記(14)に記載の撮像装置。
(16)
前記第1の面側または前記第2の面側から前記第1の遮光部まで延伸する第3の遮光部をさらに有する、前記(1)乃至(15)のうちのいずれか1つに記載の撮像装置。
(17)
前記第1の面側または前記第2の面側から前記第2の遮光部まで延伸する第4の遮光部をさらに有する、前記(15)に記載の撮像装置。
(18)
前記第1の遮光部および第2の遮光部は、アルミニウムまたはタングステンを含んで形成されている、前記(1)乃至(17)のうちのいずれか1つに記載の撮像装置。
(19)
光入射面となる第1の面および前記第1の面と対向する第2の面を有すると共に、複数のセンサ画素がアレイ状に配置された半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板内の前記第1の面側に設けられ、受光量に応じた電荷を光電変換による生成する光電変換部と、
前記半導体基板内の前記第2の面側に設けられ、前記光電変換部から転送される前記電荷を保持する電荷保持部と、
前記光電変換部と前記電荷保持部との間を、前記半導体基板の面内方向に延在する第1の遮光部と、
前記第1の面側に設けられ、平面視において、前記第1の遮光部の略幾何中心に入射光を集光させる集光光学系と
を備えた撮像装置を有する電子機器。
Claims (19)
- 光入射面となる第1の面および前記第1の面と対向する第2の面を有すると共に、複数のセンサ画素がアレイ状に配置された半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板内の前記第1の面側に設けられ、受光量に応じた電荷を光電変換による生成する光電変換部と、
前記半導体基板内の前記第2の面側に設けられ、前記光電変換部から転送される前記電荷を保持する電荷保持部と、
前記光電変換部と前記電荷保持部との間を、前記半導体基板の面内方向に延在する第1の遮光部と、
前記第1の面側に設けられ、平面視において、前記第1の遮光部の略幾何中心に入射光を集光させる集光光学系と
を備えた撮像装置。 - 前記第1の遮光部は、前記複数のセンサ画素に共有されている、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第1の遮光部は、2行2列状に配置された4つの前記センサ画素に共有されている、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第1の遮光部は一方向に並列して配置された複数のセンサ画素に亘って連続して設けられている、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第1の遮光部は前記センサ画素ごとに独立して設けられている、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記集光光学系は、複数の光学系がアレイ状に配置されている、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記複数の光学系の各々は、前記複数のセンサ画素に共有されている、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記複数の光学系の各々は、2行2列状に配置された4つの前記センサ画素に対して1つずつ配置されている、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記複数の光学系の各々は、一方向に隣り合う2つのセンサ画素に共有されている、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記複数の光学系は、1つの前記センサ画素に対して1つずつ配置されている、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記複数の光学系は、1つの前記センサ画素に対して複数配置されている、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記光電変換部および前記電荷保持部は、前記センサ画素ごとに設けられている、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第1の遮光部は、前記第1の面と前記第2の面との間に1層または複数層形成されている、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第1の遮光部は第1の開口を有している、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第1の遮光部よりも前記第2の面側の、平面視において、少なくとも前記第1の開口と対向する位置に設けられ、前記電荷保持部への前記入射光の進入を妨げる第2の遮光部をさらに有する、請求項14に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第1の面側または前記第2の面側から前記第1の遮光部まで延伸する第3の遮光部をさらに有する、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第1の面側または前記第2の面側から前記第2の遮光部まで延伸する第4の遮光部をさらに有する、請求項15に記載の撮像装置。
- 前記第1の遮光部および第2の遮光部は、アルミニウムまたはタングステンを含んで形成されている、請求項1に記載の撮像装置。
- 光入射面となる第1の面および前記第1の面と対向する第2の面を有すると共に、複数のセンサ画素がアレイ状に配置された半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板内の前記第1の面側に設けられ、受光量に応じた電荷を光電変換による生成する光電変換部と、
前記半導体基板内の前記第2の面側に設けられ、前記光電変換部から転送される前記電荷を保持する電荷保持部と、
前記光電変換部と前記電荷保持部との間を、前記半導体基板の面内方向に延在する第1の遮光部と、
前記第1の面側に設けられ、平面視において、前記第1の遮光部の略幾何中心に入射光を集光させる集光光学系と
を備えた撮像装置を有する電子機器。
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