WO2022176846A1 - 火力発電プラントおよび火力発電プラントの制御方法 - Google Patents
火力発電プラントおよび火力発電プラントの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022176846A1 WO2022176846A1 PCT/JP2022/005928 JP2022005928W WO2022176846A1 WO 2022176846 A1 WO2022176846 A1 WO 2022176846A1 JP 2022005928 W JP2022005928 W JP 2022005928W WO 2022176846 A1 WO2022176846 A1 WO 2022176846A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- water
- temperature
- low
- temperature water
- steam
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 541
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 68
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 26
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 11
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/02—Use of accumulators and specific engine types; Control thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
- F01K9/04—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines with dump valves to by-pass stages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
- F22B37/28—Steam-separating arrangements involving reversal of direction of flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D3/00—Accumulators for preheated water
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermal power plant using steam generated by a boiler and a control method for the thermal power plant.
- This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-022766 filed with the Japan Patent Office on February 16, 2021 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-169753 filed with the Japan Patent Office on October 15, 2021. , the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- a thermal power plant that uses steam generated by a boiler (steam generator) to drive a steam turbine is known.
- this type of thermal power plant mainly bears the base load, and has contributed to the stable supply of domestic power together with the ability to respond to load fluctuations of GTCC (gas turbine combined cycle) plants.
- GTCC gas turbine combined cycle
- Patent Document 1 part of the feedwater is stored in a hot water tank during low-load operation of the plant, and the hot water is discharged to the high-pressure feedwater heater group at the time of peak load of power demand, and air is extracted to the high-pressure feedwater heater. By cutting or decreasing, the output of the steam turbine is increased.
- the plant low-load operation in Patent Document 1 is based on the premise that all the main steam and reheat steam generated in the boiler are introduced into the steam turbine through the governor to generate power, and can be realized in a thermal power plant.
- the minimum load is the amount obtained by subtracting the extraction air in the turbine from the heat amount of the main steam and reheat steam generated at the boiler minimum load, generally 25% load, even at the minimum, 10% load or more power It was essential to transmit power to the grid.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide thermal power generation technology that can flexibly respond to changes in the amount of power generated by renewable energy while maintaining high operability.
- the present invention comprises a boiler, a steam turbine driven by steam from the boiler, a turbine bypass line for sending steam bypassing the steam turbine, and a condenser for cooling the exhaust of the steam turbine to produce condensate.
- a thermal power plant comprising: a water unit; a low-pressure feed water heater that heats the condensate with the steam extracted from the steam turbine; and a deaerator that deaerates the condensate with the steam extracted from the steam turbine, A hot water heater using the main steam of the turbine bypass line as a heat source and using the condensate supplied from the condenser as high temperature water, a high temperature water tank for storing the high temperature water, and the water stored in the high temperature water tank and a high-temperature water pump for sending high-temperature water to the downstream of the low-pressure feed water heater or to the deaerator.
- thermal power generation technology that can flexibly respond to changes in the amount of power generated by renewable energy while maintaining high operability.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a thermal power plant according to one embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a thermal power plant similar to one embodiment
- FIG. It is an example of operation during heat storage operation of a thermal power plant according to one embodiment. It is an example of operation at the time of heat radiation operation of the thermal power plant according to one embodiment.
- 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the range of a water heat storage system according to one embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining an auxiliary steam line of a thermal power plant according to one embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a control device for a thermal power plant according to one embodiment
- FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the thermal power plant which concerns on the modification 1 of one embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of related parts of a thermal power plant according to Modification 2 of one embodiment; 9 is a flow chart of confluence switching processing of a thermal power plant according to Modification 2 of one embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for explaining partial water flow in a thermal power plant according to Modification 3 of one embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of related parts of a thermal power plant according to Modification 4 of one embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for explaining heat storage operation of a thermal power plant according to Modification 4 of one embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram for explaining heat dissipation operation of a thermal power plant according to Modification 4 of one embodiment;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of related parts of a thermal power plant according to Modification 5 of one embodiment;
- expressions that express shapes such as squares and cylinders do not only represent shapes such as squares and cylinders in a geometrically strict sense, but also include irregularities and chamfers to the extent that the same effect can be obtained.
- the shape including the part etc. shall also be represented.
- the expressions “comprising”, “comprising”, “having”, “including”, or “having” one component are not exclusive expressions excluding the presence of other components.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a thermal power plant 1 according to one embodiment.
- the thermal power plant 1 includes a boiler 2, a steam turbine 4, a condenser 13, a water heat storage system 70, and a controller 80 (see FIG. 7).
- the thermal power plant 1 includes a high-pressure turbine 4A, an intermediate-pressure turbine 4B, and a low-pressure turbine 4C as the steam turbines 4, but the thermal power plant 1 has one or two steam turbines 4. , or four or more steam turbines 4 .
- the boiler 2 is a steam generator that can generate superheated steam by exchanging the heat generated by burning the pulverized fuel with water or steam.
- the boiler 2 is, for example, a coal-fired (pulverized coal-fired) boiler that uses pulverized coal (carbon-containing solid fuel) as pulverized fuel and burns this pulverized fuel with a burner.
- pulverized coal-fired pulverized coal-fired
- a coal-fired boiler is exemplified as the boiler 2, but the boiler 2 uses solid fuel such as biomass fuel, PC (petroleum coke) fuel generated during petroleum refining, and petroleum residue.
- solid fuel such as biomass fuel, PC (petroleum coke) fuel generated during petroleum refining, and petroleum residue.
- the boiler 2 can use not only solid fuel but also petroleum such as heavy oil, light oil, and heavy oil, and liquid fuel such as factory waste liquid as fuel, and gas fuel (natural gas, By-product gases, etc.) can also be used.
- the boiler 2 may be a mixed firing boiler that uses a combination of these fuels.
- Steam (superheated steam) generated by the boiler 2 is supplied to the steam turbine 4 via the main steam line 6 .
- the steam from the boiler 2 is first supplied to the high pressure turbine 4A provided upstream, thereby driving the high pressure turbine 4A.
- the steam that has finished work in the high-pressure turbine 4A is reheated by the reheater 35 through the reheat steam line 9, and supplied to the intermediate-pressure turbine 4B provided downstream, whereby the steam is supplied to the intermediate-pressure turbine 4B. to drive.
- a reheat steam line 9 connects between the high pressure turbine 4A and the intermediate pressure turbine 4B.
- the steam that has finished work in the intermediate pressure turbine 4B is supplied via the intermediate pressure turbine exhaust line 12 to the low pressure turbine 4C provided downstream, thereby driving the low pressure turbine 4C.
- the intermediate pressure turbine exhaust line 12 connects between the intermediate pressure turbine 4B and the low pressure turbine 4C.
- the steam that has finished work in the low-pressure turbine 4C is discharged to the condenser 13 to generate condensate.
- a turbine bypass line 7 that connects the main steam line 6 and the condenser 13 is also provided.
- a turbine bypass valve 8 is provided in the turbine bypass line 7, and by adjusting the degree of opening of the turbine bypass valve 8, part of the steam flowing through the main steam line 6 bypasses the steam turbine 4 and is condensed. It can be discharged to the vessel 13.
- the output shafts of the high pressure turbine 4A, the intermediate pressure turbine 4B and the low pressure turbine 4C are connected to the rotating shaft of the generator 5.
- the power generator is driven by power from these steam turbines 4 to generate power. Electric power generated by the generator is supplied to a power system (for example, a commercial system) via a power transmission line (not shown).
- the high-pressure turbine 4A, the intermediate-pressure turbine 4B, and the low-pressure turbine 4C may each have a common output shaft, and the output shaft may be connected to a common generator.
- a first generator to which the output shaft of the intermediate pressure turbine 4B is connected and a second generator to which the output shaft of the low pressure turbine 4C is connected may be provided.
- the steam extracted from the high-pressure turbine 4A and the intermediate-pressure turbine 4B is supplied to the second high-pressure feed water heater 21 and the first high-pressure feed water heater, respectively. 20.
- a portion of the exhaust steam (he) from the high pressure turbine 4A is also supplied to the second high pressure feed water heater 21 .
- Saturated drain (condensed from extraction steam hb and exhaust steam he) discharged from the second high pressure feed water heater 21 is supplied to the first high pressure feed water heater 20 . Drain discharged from the first high-pressure feed water heater 20 (condensed saturated drain and extracted steam ib discharged from the second high-pressure feed water heater 21 ) is supplied to the deaerator 17 .
- part of the exhaust steam (ie) from the intermediate pressure turbine 4B is supplied to the deaerator 17 .
- the steam extracted from the low-pressure turbine 4 ⁇ /b>C (low-pressure extracted steam; lb) is supplied to the low-pressure feed water heater 16 .
- Saturated drain (condensed low-pressure bleed air lb) discharged from the low-pressure feed water heater 16 is supplied to the condenser 13 .
- the auxiliary steam lines from each steam turbine 4 to each of the high-pressure feed water heaters 21 and 20 and the low-pressure feed water heater 16 are omitted as appropriate in each drawing.
- the condensate generated in the condenser 13 is pressurized by the condensate pump 14, supplied to the low-pressure feed water heater 16 through the condensate line 15, and heated by the extracted steam (lb) from the low-pressure turbine 4C. into the deaerator 17.
- condensate is deaerated by part of the exhaust steam (ie) of the intermediate pressure turbine 4B.
- the condensate degassed by the deaerator 17 is pressurized by the feed water pump 18, supplied to the first high pressure feed water heater 20 and the second high pressure feed water heater 21 via the water feed line 19, and extracted from the intermediate pressure turbine 4B. It flows into the boiler 2 after being heated by the steam (ib), the steam extracted from the high-pressure turbine 4A and the exhaust steam (hb, he).
- Boiler 2 is operated in a subcritical state under low load conditions. At that time, the steam mixed water at the furnace outlet of the boiler 2 is separated from steam by the water drain separator 31, the steam is sent to the superheater 36, and the saturated drain is sent to the condenser via the water drain separator drain line 33 and the water drain separator drain control valve 32. Flow into 13.
- the thermal power plant 1 of this embodiment performs low-load operation.
- the low-load operation is an operation in which the boiler 2 and the steam turbine 4 are each under the minimum load. For example, the output of the boiler 2 is lowered to 15% of the minimum output, the output of the steam turbine 4 is lowered to 5%, and all the output of the steam turbine 4 is used for in-house power.
- the generator circuit breaker is closed, and the power transmission is set to 0 while maintaining the state of connection to the grid, so-called grid non-transmission operation (parallel non-transmission operation) is realized.
- the water heat storage system 70 of this embodiment corresponds to an output of 10%, which is the difference between, for example, 15% of the minimum load of the boiler 2 and 5% of the load of the steam turbine 4, which occurs during low load operation.
- the above heat is stored as hot water.
- the main steam in the turbine bypass line 7 is used as a heat source to heat the condensate supplied from the condenser 13 and store it as high-temperature water. Then, the stored high-temperature water is supplied to the deaerator during subsequent heat dissipation operation (during high-load operation).
- the water heat storage system 70 realizes a reduction in the system output power of the thermal power plant 1 over a long period of time. Also, the water heat storage system 70 cuts the low pressure extraction air (lb) from the steam turbine 4 to the low pressure feed water heater 16 during high load operation after low load operation. By cutting the low-pressure extracted air (lb), it is possible to increase the output of the steam turbine 4 corresponding to the amount of heat of the cut low-pressure extracted air (lb). Alternatively, since the boiler steam flow rate corresponding to the increased output of the steam turbine 4 is reduced, the amount of fuel input to the boiler 2 can be reduced.
- the details of the water heat storage system 70 of this embodiment, which realizes this, will be described.
- the water heat storage system 70 includes a hot water heater 51, a high temperature water pump 52, a high temperature water tank 53, and a low temperature water tank 59, as indicated by thick lines in FIG.
- the hot water pump 52 comprises a first hot water pump 52A and a second hot water pump 52B.
- the water heat storage system 70 also includes a heat storage steam line 55 , a heat storage drain line 57 , a low temperature water supply line 49 , a low temperature water storage line 58 and a makeup water line 60 .
- the heat storage steam line 55 is a line that supplies steam passing through the turbine bypass line 7 branched from the main steam line 6 to the hot water heater 51 and includes a heat storage steam flow control valve 54 .
- the heat storage drain line 57 is a line that supplies saturated drain separated by the water drain separator 31 to the hot water heater 51 , and includes a heat storage drain flow rate control valve 56 .
- the low-temperature water supply line 49 is a line branched from the condensate line 15 for supplying condensate supplied from the condensate pump 14 to the hot water heater 51 , and includes a low-temperature water flow control valve 50 .
- the hot water heater 51 brings the incoming main steam and saturated drain into contact with the supplied low temperature water to generate high temperature water.
- the generated hot water is, for example, 140°C.
- the hot water heater 51 is, for example, a direct contact feedwater heater that mixes and heats incoming condensate (low-temperature water), main steam, and saturated drain.
- the water heat storage system 70 shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 includes, as the high-temperature water pumps 52, a first high-temperature water pump 52A and a second high-temperature water pump 52B.
- the first high-temperature water pump 52A feeds high-temperature water produced by the hot water heater 51 to the high-temperature water tank 53 .
- the second high-temperature water pump 52B sends the high-temperature water stored inside the high-temperature water tank 53 to the deaerator 17 .
- the high-temperature water may be supplied to the deaerator 17 alone, or may be supplied together with the low-pressure water supply at the outlet of the low-pressure water supply heater 16 .
- first high-temperature water pump 52A and the second high-temperature water pump 52B do not necessarily need to be separately installed, and one or more high-temperature water pumps 52 having both roles are installed, and the hot water heater 51 and the high temperature
- the outlet lines of the water tank 53 may be connected to the inlets of the high-temperature water pumps 52, respectively, and switched appropriately.
- the high-temperature water tank 53 is a tank that stores the high-temperature water generated by the hot water heater 51. Since the temperature of the high-temperature water stored inside the high-temperature water tank 53 is approximately 140° C., the high-temperature water tank 53 must have a structure that can withstand the saturated vapor pressure of such high-temperature water. Adequate insulation should be provided to minimize heat dissipation from the water. The capacity of the high-temperature water tank 53 may be arbitrarily determined at the design stage according to the daily low-load operation time required for the thermal power plant 1 .
- the low-temperature water storage line 58 is a line for supplying condensate supplied from the condensate pump 14 to the low-temperature water tank 59 .
- the supplied condensate is stored in the low-temperature water tank 59 .
- the makeup water line 60 is a line for supplying the low-temperature water stored in the low-temperature water tank 59 to the condenser 13 .
- the low-temperature water tank 59 is a tank that stores surplus water in the condenser 13 as make-up water to the condenser 13 . In this embodiment, it has a water storage amount equal to or greater than the water storage amount of the high-temperature water tank 53 .
- the control device 80 receives instructions from the outside (such as a control console 81 placed in the power plant) or various sensors installed in the thermal power plant 1, including a temperature sensor and a water level sensor.
- the opening and closing of each control valve (valve) in the thermal power plant 1 is controlled in accordance with the signal from.
- the control valve is controlled to open and close according to, for example, heat storage operation (low load operation) and heat dissipation operation (high load operation), which will be described later.
- the controller 80 also controls the output of each pump.
- the control device 80 includes, for example, a CPU, a memory, and a storage device, and implements the above-described control by causing the CPU to load a program stored in the storage device in advance into the memory and execute the program.
- the thermal power plant 1 may bypass the steam turbine 4 and discharge part of the steam flowing through the reheat steam line 9 to the condenser 13, like the thermal power plant 1 shown in FIG. .
- the connection destination of the turbine bypass line 7 is the outlet of the high pressure turbine 4A of the reheat steam line 9
- the low pressure turbine bypass line 10 is branched from the upstream of the inlet of the intermediate pressure turbine 4B of the reheat steam line 9 to branch the low pressure turbine bypass valve. 11 to condenser 13 .
- FIG. 3 shows the heat storage operation of the thermal power plant 1, that is, the storage form of high-temperature water during low-load operation.
- the amount of main steam generated in the boiler 2 is greater than the amount of main steam consumed for power generation in the steam turbine 4, resulting in surplus steam.
- the boiler 2 is operated in a subcritical state, and saturated drain continuously flows into the water drain separator 31 .
- the control device 80 Upon receiving an instruction to perform heat storage operation, the control device 80 opens the heat storage steam flow control valve 54, the heat storage drain flow control valve 56, and the low temperature water flow control valve 50.
- the control device 80 opens the heat storage steam flow control valve 54, the heat storage drain flow control valve 56, and the low temperature water flow control valve 50.
- all or part of the main steam that is surplus in the main steam line 6 is transferred to the hot water heater 51 via the heat storage steam line 55 and the heat storage steam flow rate control valve 54. supplied.
- All or part of the saturated drain flowing out of the water drain separator 31 is supplied to the hot water heater 51 via the heat storage drain line 57 and the heat storage drain flow rate control valve 56 .
- all or part of the condensate supplied from the condensate pump 14 is passed through the low-temperature water supply line 49 and the low-temperature water flow control valve 50 as low-temperature water to the hot water heater. 51.
- the hot water heater 51 brings the inflowing main steam and saturated drain into contact with low-temperature water to generate hot water of about 140°C.
- the amounts of main steam and saturated drain that flow in are uniquely determined by the operating conditions of the boiler 2 and steam turbine 4 .
- the controller 80 controls the low-temperature water flow rate by controlling the low-temperature water flow rate control valve 50 so that the temperature of the high-temperature water at the outlet of the hot water heater 51 is about 140°C.
- the control device 80 always controls the water level of the hot water heater 51 by controlling the first high-temperature water pump 52A.
- the control device 80 closes the turbine bypass valve 8 and the water drain separator drain control valve 32. open to discharge excess steam and saturated drain to the condenser 13 through these control valves. Thereby, the hot water heater 51 can maintain constant operation.
- the high-temperature water supplied from the first high-temperature water pump 52A is stored in the high-temperature water tank 53.
- the heat storage operation is completed when the high-temperature water tank 53 is full or when the low-load operation of the thermal power plant 1 ends.
- the control device 80 monitors the water level of the high-temperature water tank 53, and when it determines that the tank is full, or when it receives a signal indicating that the low-load operation has ended, the heat-storage steam flow control valve 54 and the heat-storage drain
- the control valves of the flow rate control valve 56 and the low temperature water flow rate control valve 50 are closed.
- the water level of the high-temperature water tank 53 is acquired from a water level sensor provided in the high-temperature water tank 53 .
- control device 80 controls the high pressure turbine 4A, the intermediate pressure turbine 4B, the low pressure turbine 4C from the second high pressure feed water heater 21, (1) Control to cut the bleeding to the high-pressure feed water heater 20 and the low-pressure feed water heater 16 . This is because, during low-load operation, in each steam turbine 4, sufficient pressure is not obtained to push the saturated drain generated in each feed water heater to the deaerator or condenser.
- the main steam temperature at the inlet of the high-pressure turbine 4A and the reheat steam temperature at the inlet of the intermediate-pressure turbine 4B are appropriately adjusted to avoid the exhaust steam from the low-pressure turbine 4C entering a dry region.
- a desuperheater may be installed in each of the main steam line 6 and the reheat steam line 9 at the outlet of the boiler 2 to supply a desuperheating spray.
- the low-load operation of the thermal power plant 1 cannot be terminated even when the high-temperature water tank 53 is full, and the main steam from the boiler 2 and the saturated drain from the water drain separator 31 continue to be in a surplus state, these is supplied to the condenser 13 via the turbine bypass line 7 and the water drain separator drain line 33, the low load operation of the thermal power plant 1 can be continued. However, at that time, the steam that has flowed into the condenser 13 and the heat of the drain are released to a condenser cooling medium such as seawater.
- FIG. 4 shows the heat dissipation operation of the thermal power plant 1, that is, the release form of high-temperature water during high-load operation.
- High-load operation here generally refers to operation at 30% or more of the rated load of the thermal power plant.
- the control device 80 When the control device 80 receives the instruction for heat dissipation operation, it operates the second high-temperature water pump 52B. As a result, the high-temperature water stored in the high-temperature water tank 53 is supplied to the condensate line 15 by the second high-temperature water pump 52B and flows into the deaerator 17 . In this case, the condensate from the condenser 13 is heated by the low-pressure feed water heater 16 through the condensate line 15, as indicated by the thick dashed line in FIG. Alternatively, all or part of the condensate may be stored in the cold water tank 59 via the cold water reservoir line 58 .
- the control device 80 switches all or part of the condensate flowing into the deaerator 17 to high-temperature water when the steam turbine 4 is in a high-load operation state. As a result, the amount of condensate passing through the low-pressure feedwater heater 16 is reduced or cut off, so the extraction air supplied from the low-pressure turbine 4C to the low-pressure feedwater heater 16 is reduced or cut.
- the steam turbine 4 can be operated at an increased output corresponding to the decrease in extraction air, and the output of the generator 5 can be increased.
- the main steam flow rate from the boiler 2 is reduced to keep the load on the steam turbine 4 constant, and the fuel consumption of the boiler 2 can also be reduced. good.
- the condensate is routed through the low pressure feedwater heater 16 and mixed with hot water supplied from the hot water tank 53 .
- the control device 80 monitors the water level of the high-temperature water tank 53 during heat dissipation operation, and stops the second high-temperature water pump 52B when the water level reaches the predetermined minimum water level.
- the thermal power plant 1 transitions to normal plant operation.
- the supply of high-temperature water via the second high-temperature water pump 52B is stopped and the supply of low-temperature water to the low-temperature water tank 59 from the outlet of the condensate pump 14 is also stopped. It is supplied to deaerator 17 via low pressure feed water heater 16 .
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the addition range when the water heat storage system 70 is additionally installed in the thermal power plant 1 .
- the additional installation range of the water heat storage system 70 is the range illustrated by the thick line in the figure.
- the water heat storage system 70 is mainly composed of the hot water heater 51, the high temperature water tank 53, the low temperature water tank 59, and the high temperature water pump 52, as described above.
- the construction cost can be reduced by additionally installing the water heat storage system 70 to the existing thermal power plant 1 by utilizing the empty space of the site.
- the low-temperature water tank 59 has a water storage amount equal to or greater than the water storage amount of the high-temperature water tank 53 . This is so that when the high temperature water stored in the high temperature water tank 53 is supplied to the water supply line, the low temperature water tank 59 can store the condensed water corresponding to the supply amount.
- Hot water heater Direct contact feed water heater
- High temperature water tank capacity 5 x 3300 m3 (0.3 MPa)
- Low temperature water tank capacity 2 x 8300m3 (atmospheric pressure)
- Total 16600m3 Heat storage time: about 6.0 hours
- Heat release time about 5.0 hours (100% ECR)
- the water heat storage system 70 returns the stored heat together with the heat medium to the deaerator 17, so almost all of the heat can be recovered within the cycle.
- the heat exchange loss between the heat medium and water and/or steam, which must be considered in molten salt heat storage and metal PCM heat storage, does not need to be considered in water heat storage. However, it is necessary to take into consideration heat dissipation during storage in the high-temperature water tank 53 and heat loss (3 to 5% depending on the time until heat dissipation) due to piping warming at the start of heat storage.
- the heat storage time is about 6.0 hours, while the heat dissipation time is about 5.0 hours at 100% ECR. becomes.
- Plant A Minimum load 15% operation (5% in-house power, 10% power transmission) Plant B: DSS operation (temporary stop and restart of plant) Plant C: DSS operation (temporary stop and restart of plant) Total transmission amount: equivalent to 10% load ⁇ Thermal power plant of the present embodiment> Plant A: Parallel non-transmission operation (minimum load 15% operation (5% on-site power, 10% heat storage)) Plant B: Parallel non-transmission operation (minimum load 15% operation (5% on-site power, 10% heat storage)) Plant C: Parallel non-transmission operation (minimum load 15% operation (5% in-house power, 10% heat storage)) Total amount of transmission: No transmission (0% load)
- the thermal power plant 1 of this embodiment is capable of parallel non-transmission operation in all thermal power plants.
- the thermal power plant 1 of this embodiment by using the thermal power plant 1 of this embodiment, the power transmission amount can be reduced to the point of no power transmission for all three plants. As a result, DSS operation can be avoided while increasing the amount of renewable energy received. Furthermore, in the thermal power plant 1 of the present embodiment, by dissipating the stored heat during peak demand hours (for example, in the evening), fuel consumption can be reduced (approximately 3 to 4%) during peak demand hours. becomes possible.
- the advantages of introducing the water heat storage system 70 of this embodiment into the thermal power plant 1 are as follows. (1) Contribution to expansion of renewable energy introduction Reducing the plant minimum load makes it possible to expand the acceptance of renewable energy while maintaining system inertia. (2) Reduction of plant start-up costs through low-load continuous operation Continuous low-load operation using inexpensive coal makes it possible to significantly reduce the unavoidable starting light oil cost of DSS operation. (3) Avoidance of equipment wear and start-up troubles through DSS operation Various risks associated with DSS operation can be avoided by continuously operating the power generation unit. (4) Respond to sudden load increase requests, etc. Since the generator 5 is continuously operated at an extremely low load while maintaining system parallelism, it is possible to respond to sudden load increase requests due to sudden accidents, etc. . (5) Heat recovery at plant start-up It is now possible to recover and use the heat that was conventionally discarded as start-up loss.
- the thermal power plant 1 of the present embodiment includes the water heat storage system 70, and main steam corresponding to the difference between the steam generated from the boiler 2 and the steam consumed by the steam turbine 4 during low-load operation. And the heat of the saturated drain is stored in the high-temperature water tank 53 as high-temperature water. Also, during high-load operation, the stored high-temperature water is supplied to the deaerator 17 .
- the thermal power plant 1 of the present embodiment dissipates heat corresponding to the difference. , can be stored as hot water. That is, during low-load operation, the operating load of the generator 5 (steam turbine 4) can be reduced below the minimum load of the boiler 2 without waste. This makes it possible to reduce the system output power of the thermal power plant 1 over a long period of time. Also, during low-load operation, it is possible to reduce the power sent from the coal-fired thermal power plant to the power grid to almost 0% load (parallel non-transmission operation).
- the load on the low-pressure feed water heater 16 can be reduced by supplying the high-temperature water stored during low-load operation to the deaerator 17 during high-load operation.
- the low-pressure extraction air from the steam turbine 4 can be reduced or cut during high-load operation.
- the output of the steam turbine 4 corresponding to the reduced or cut heat amount of the low-pressure extracted air can be increased.
- the steam flow rate from the boiler 2 can be reduced by the amount corresponding to the reduced or cut heat quantity of the low-pressure extracted air, and as a result, the amount of fuel input to the boiler 2 can be reduced.
- FIG. 8 shows a configuration example in which the thermal power plant 1 includes four low-pressure feed water heaters 16 and two second high-pressure feed water heaters 21 .
- part of the steam extracted from each steam turbine 4 and part of the exhaust steam exhausted from each steam turbine 4 are supplied to different locations depending on their temperature.
- the high pressure extraction steam hb of the high pressure turbine 4A is supplied to the second high pressure feed water heater 21 on the downstream side.
- Saturated drain (condensed high-pressure steam hb) discharged from the second high-pressure feed water heater 21 on the downstream side is supplied to the second high-pressure feed water heater 21 on the upstream side.
- a part of the high pressure exhaust steam he of the high pressure turbine 4A is supplied to the second high pressure feed water heater 21 on the upstream side.
- Saturated drain (condensed high pressure extraction steam hb and high pressure exhaust steam he) discharged from the second high pressure feed water heater 21 on the upstream side is supplied to the first high pressure feed water heater 20 .
- the intermediate pressure extraction steam ib of the intermediate pressure turbine 4B is supplied to the first high pressure feed water heater 20.
- Saturated drain (condensed high-pressure extraction steam hb, intermediate-pressure extraction steam ib, and high-pressure exhaust steam he) discharged from the first high-pressure feed water heater 20 is supplied to the deaerator 17 .
- a part of the intermediate pressure exhaust steam ie from the intermediate pressure turbine 4B is supplied to the deaerator 17 .
- Bleed steam (lb1, lb2, lb3, lb4) of the low pressure turbine 4C is supplied from the downstream side of each low pressure feed water heater 16 in descending order of temperature.
- Saturated drain (condensed steam) discharged from each low-pressure feedwater heater 16 is supplied to the upstream low-pressure feedwater heater 16 of each low-pressure feedwater heater 16 .
- Saturated drain (condensed steam lb 1 , lb 2 , lb 3 , lb 4 ) discharged from the most upstream low-pressure feedwater heater 16 is supplied to the condenser 13 .
- the confluence point of the high-temperature water supplied from the high-temperature water tank 53 is provided on the outlet side of the low-pressure feed water heater 16 on the most downstream side during heat radiation operation.
- a plurality of confluence points may be provided and switched according to the temperature of the high-temperature water.
- a confluence point is provided on the outlet side of each low-pressure feed water heater 16 to join the high-temperature water from the high-temperature water tank 53 to the condensate line 15 .
- the temperature of the condensate supplied by the condensate pump 14 rises as it passes through the low-pressure feed water heater 16 .
- the high-temperature water is merged at the confluence point where the temperature of the condensate on the outlet side of the low-pressure feed water heater 16 is not lowered.
- the control device 80 monitors the temperature of the high-temperature water, and when the temperature of the high-temperature water drops, the confluence point is sequentially switched to the low temperature side (the low-pressure feed water heater 16 one step upstream).
- the switching of the confluence to the low temperature side is performed, for example, when the temperature of the high-temperature water flowing out of the high-temperature water tank 53 falls below the outlet temperature of each low-pressure feed water heater 16 for a certain period of time.
- FIG. 9 shows only the relevant parts extracted.
- the thermal power plant 1 includes a high-temperature water confluence line 71 that merges the high-temperature water in the high-temperature water tank 53 into the condensate line 15, and a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the condensate.
- the high-temperature water confluence line 71 has three branch points 74A, 74B, and 74C.
- the high-temperature water merging line 71 merges at merging points 75A, 75B, 75C, and 75D provided on the outlet sides of the low-pressure feed water heaters 16A, 16B, 16C, and 16D, respectively.
- the low-pressure feed water heater 16, the temperature sensor 72, the switching valve 73, the branch point 74, and the confluence point 75 are representative, respectively, when there is no need to distinguish them.
- a branch point 74A is a branch point where the high-temperature water merging line 71 heading for the low-pressure feed water heaters 16B, 16C, and 16D branches from the high-temperature water merging line 71 heading for the outlet of the low-pressure feed water heater 16A.
- a branch point 74B is a branch point where the high-temperature water merging line 71 toward the low-pressure feed water heaters 16C and 16D branches from the high-temperature water merging line 71 toward the outlet of the low-pressure feed water heater 16B.
- a branch point 74C is a branch point where the high-temperature water junction line 71 directed to the low-pressure feed water heater 16D branches from the high-temperature water junction line 71 directed to the outlet of the low-pressure feed water heater 16C.
- the temperature sensors 72A, 72B, 72C, 72D are provided near the outlets of the low-pressure feed water heaters 16A, 16B, 16C, 16D, respectively, and measure the temperature of the condensate near the outlets.
- the temperature sensor 72E is provided between the outlet of the high-temperature water tank 53 and the branch point 74A, and measures the temperature of the high-temperature water supplied from the high-temperature water tank 53. In this figure, it is provided between the second high-temperature water pump 52B and the branch point 74 .
- the switching valve 73A is provided between the branch point 74A and the confluence point 75A, and controls the flow into the high-temperature water confluence line 71 toward the outlet of the low-pressure feed water heater 16A.
- the switching valve 73B is provided between the branch point 74B and the confluence point 75B, and controls the flow into the high-temperature water confluence line 71 toward the outlet of the low-pressure feed water heater 16B.
- the switching valve 73C is provided between the branch point 74C and the confluence point 75C, and controls the flow into the high-temperature water confluence line 71 toward the outlet of the low-pressure feed water heater 16C.
- a switching valve 73D is provided between the branch point 74C and the confluence point 75D, and controls the flow into the high-temperature water confluence line 71 toward the outlet of the low-pressure feed water heater 16D.
- a flow control valve 76 is provided downstream of the second high-temperature water pump 52B, and controls the flow rate of high-temperature water.
- the controller 80 receives temperature information from each temperature sensor 72, the hot water temperature received from the temperature sensor 72E, the outlet temperature received from each temperature sensor 72A, 72B, 72C, 72D, are compared in order, and the junction is switched according to the result.
- FIG. 10 is a processing flow of the confluence switching processing of this modification.
- both the confluence point and the low-pressure feed water heater 16 are numbered consecutively from the downstream side. It is also assumed that N (N is an integer equal to or greater than 1) number of confluence points and low-pressure feed water heaters 16 are provided. Moreover, n is a counter. Then, let T1 be the "predetermined time" for switching determination. Also, the temperature of the high-temperature water and the temperature on the outlet side of the low-pressure feed water heater 16 are measured at predetermined time intervals.
- control device 80 sets the first merging point to a merging point to be used (referred to as a merging point to be used) (step S1002), and switches the switching valves 73 so that the high-temperature water merges at the merging point to be used. to control.
- control device 80 acquires the high-temperature water temperature TH and the outlet-side temperature TLn of the n-th low-pressure feed water heater 16 (comparison target heater) (step S1003).
- the control device 80 determines whether the acquired high-temperature water temperature TH is less than the outlet-side temperature TLn (step S1004). (step S1009) and returns to step S1003.
- step S1005 determines whether or not this state has elapsed for a certain period of time T1 (step S1005). If it has not yet passed (No), the process returns to step S1003.
- control device 80 switches the use confluence to the confluence provided on the outlet side of the low-pressure feed water heater 16 one stage upstream (step S1006), and after switching Each switching valve 73 is controlled so that the high-temperature water merges at the use confluence point of .
- the controller 80 compares the hot water temperature with the outlet temperature (TLA) acquired by the temperature sensor 72A. When the hot water temperature is equal to or higher than the outlet temperature TLA, the controller 80 opens the switching valve 73A and closes the switching valves 73B, 73C, and 73D. This causes the hot water to join the condensate line 15 at the junction 75A, ie, on the outlet side of the low pressure feedwater heater 16A.
- TLA outlet temperature
- the control device 80 compares the high-temperature water temperature with the outlet temperature (TLB) acquired by the temperature sensor 72B. When the hot water temperature is equal to or higher than the outlet temperature TLB, the control device opens the switching valve 73B and closes the switching valves 73A, 73C, and 73D. This causes the hot water to join the condensate line 15 at the junction 75B, ie between the outlet of the low pressure feedwater heater 16B and the inlet of the low pressure feedwater heater 16A.
- the control device 80 compares the high-temperature water temperature with the outlet temperature (TLC) acquired by the temperature sensor 72C. When the hot water temperature is equal to or higher than the outlet temperature TLC, the controller 80 opens the switching valve 73C and closes the switching valves 73A, 73B, and 73D. This causes the hot water to join the condensate line 15 at the junction 75C, ie between the outlet of the low pressure feedwater heater 16C and the inlet of the low pressure feedwater heater 16B.
- the control device 80 opens the switching valve 73D and closes the switching valves 73A, 73B, and 73C. This causes the hot water to join the condensate line 15 at the junction 75D, ie between the outlet of the low pressure feedwater heater 16C and the inlet of the low pressure feedwater heater 16B.
- control device 80 may be configured to start control by the switching valve 73 when the temperature of the high-temperature water supplied from the high-temperature water tank 53 falls below a predetermined threshold. Specifically, when the temperature of the high-temperature water supplied from the high-temperature water tank 53 drops from 140° C. to 100° C., the confluence switching process described above is started.
- the high-temperature water temperature and the outlet temperature of each low-pressure feed water heater 16 are sequentially compared from the downstream side of the low-pressure feed water heater 16, and the switching valve 73 is controlled.
- the controller 80 may compare the hot water temperature with the outlet temperatures of all low pressure feedwater heaters 16 to determine the use junction.
- the switching valves 73 are controlled so that the high temperature water merges at the confluence point 75 on the outlet side of the low pressure feed water heater 16 having an outlet temperature lower than the high temperature water temperature and closest to the high temperature water temperature.
- the joining point is changed according to the temperature. That is, the high temperature water is merged at the outlet side of the low pressure feedwater heater 16 having an outlet temperature that is less than the high temperature water temperature and closest to the high temperature water temperature. As a result, the temperature of the condensate heated by the low-pressure feed water heater 16 is not lowered by the high temperature water to be merged, and the low-pressure feed water heater 16 and the high temperature water can be efficiently utilized.
- the high-temperature water generated in the hot water heater 51 is stored in the high-temperature water tank 53 during heat storage operation.
- a part of the high-temperature water generated in the hot water heater 51 is controlled to be supplied to the deaerator 17 instead of the high-temperature water tank 53 .
- the steam turbine 4 is operated at a very low load, so the steam for heating the feed water may be cut off and the steam for heating the deaerator 17 may be supplied from the auxiliary steam system.
- the exhaust gas temperature of the boiler 2 must be maintained above a certain temperature even during low-load operation, and the feed water must be degassed.
- the temperature of the condensate flowing into the deaerator 17 drops as the low-pressure feed water heater 16 bleeds off, so it is necessary to increase the amount of auxiliary steam to compensate for this.
- the drop in the temperature of the condensate flowing into the deaerator 17 due to the cut off of the bleeding is compensated by supplying the outlet water of the hot water heater 51 .
- an increase in auxiliary steam consumption of the thermal power plant 1 can be suppressed.
- Fig. 11 shows parts related to this modification of the thermal power plant 1. As indicated by the thick dotted line in the figure, in this modified example, part of the high-temperature water generated by the hot water heater 51 is supplied to the deaerator 17 during heat storage operation.
- the water supply from the hot water heater 51 to the deaerator 17 during heat storage operation may be performed continuously by a predetermined amount. Moreover, when the temperature of the condensate supplied to the deaerator 17 is lowered, it may be controlled to be supplied.
- the thermal power plant 1 includes a temperature sensor 72 and a flow control valve 76.
- the temperature sensor 72 measures the temperature of the condensate on the outlet side of the low-pressure feed water heater 16 and is provided on the outlet side of the low-pressure feed water heater 16 .
- a flow rate control valve 76 controls the supply of high-temperature water from the hot water heater 51 to the deaerator 17, and is provided on the high-temperature water junction line 71 connecting the high-temperature water tank 53 and the condensate line 15. be done.
- the control device 80 acquires the temperature data measured by the temperature sensor 72 at predetermined time intervals, and when the temperature data is less than a predetermined threshold value, issues an instruction to open the flow control valve 76 to heat the high-temperature water. It is supplied from the device 51 to the deaerator 17 .
- the high-temperature water from the hot water heater 51 is mixed with the condensate and supplied to the deaerator 17, so that the temperature of the condensate flowing into the deaerator can be increased, and the auxiliary steam consumption can be reduced. can be suppressed.
- the above operation is particularly useful when remodeling an existing unit with restrictions on the size of the auxiliary steam line due to its layout, or when avoiding an unnecessary increase in the diameter of the auxiliary steam line when installing a new unit. be.
- a part of the high-temperature water is directed to supply water to the deaerator 17, so that the existing unit At the time of remodeling, it becomes possible to operate within the capacities of the condensate pump 14 and the condensate demineralizer.
- thermocline tank 61 may be provided to have the functions of the high temperature water tank 53 and the low temperature water tank 59 .
- the thermocline tank 61 is a single-tank tank that includes a high-temperature water section, a low-temperature water section, and a thermocline in one tank, and can store high-temperature water and low-temperature water.
- a hot water section is located at the top of the tank, a cold water section is located at the bottom of the tank, and the hot and cold water sections are separated by a thermocline.
- FIG. 12 shows parts of the thermal power plant 1 related to this modification.
- the thermocline tank 61 has a high-temperature water inlet/outlet through which high-temperature water is supplied and discharged, and a low-temperature water inlet/outlet through which low-temperature water is supplied and discharged.
- the high-temperature water inlet/outlet is connected to a high-temperature water supply line 64 for supplying hot water from the hot water heater 51 and a high-temperature water merging line 71 .
- a low-temperature water return line 62 connected to the condenser 13 and a second low-temperature water supply line 63 branched from the low-temperature water supply line 49 are connected to the low-temperature water inlet/outlet.
- condensed water is supplied from the condenser 13 to the hot water heater 51 , and high temperature water is generated by the hot water heater 51 and stored in the high temperature water tank 53 . While condensed water is being supplied from the condenser 13 to the hot water heater 51 , an amount of water corresponding to the supplied condensed water is supplied from the low-temperature water tank 59 to the condenser 13 .
- thermocline tank 61 is passed through the high-temperature water supply line 64. stored in the department.
- an amount of water corresponding to the supplied condensed water is reconstituted from the low temperature water portion of the thermocline tank 61 via the low temperature water return line 62. It is supplied to the water vessel 13 . Also, as indicated by the dotted line, water is partially passed from the hot water heater 51 to the deaerator 17 .
- high-temperature water is supplied from the high-temperature water tank 53 to the deaerator 17, and the amount of condensate in the condenser 13 is transferred to the low-temperature water via the low-temperature water storage line 58. It is stored in tank 59 .
- this modified example as indicated by the thick line in FIG. , is supplied from the condenser 13 to the low-temperature water portion of the thermocline tank 61 via the second low-temperature water supply line 63 branched downstream from the condensate pump 14 of the condensate line 15 .
- the capacity of the thermocline tank 61 is the required capacity of the high-temperature water tank 53 or the low-temperature water tank 59 plus the capacity corresponding to the thermocline that does not contribute to the tank capacity, and is always operated in a full water state. be.
- thermocline tank 61 by using the thermocline tank 61, it is possible to save space for installing the tank, which is particularly effective when there are restrictions on the power generation site. Also, if the thermocline tank 61 is inexpensive, the cost can be reduced compared to installing the tank separately.
- thermocline tank 61 has a structure that can withstand the saturation pressure of the high-temperature water, and avoids mixing of the high-temperature water and the low-temperature water in the tank.
- the configuration and operation of lines connected to the water supply unit and the low temperature water unit are the same as when the high temperature water tank 53 and the low temperature water tank 59 are separately installed.
- the boiler 2 is a supercritical boiler that is used in a supercritical state except under low-load conditions, but the type of boiler is not limited to this.
- a subcritical boiler operated at subcritical conditions at all loads may be used.
- the subcritical boiler includes a steam drum 34, a continuous blow tank 37, a flash tank 38, and an intermittent blow line 39 instead of the water drain separator 31, as shown by the thick line in FIG.
- the steam drum 34 separates steam and saturated water (saturated drain).
- the separated steam and saturated drain flow into the superheater 36 and the continuous blow tank 37, respectively.
- the saturated drain passes through steam separation and steam recovery in continuous blow tank 37 and flows into flash tank 38 .
- An intermittent blow line 39 provided in the steam drum 34 is used for avoiding the drum level from rising due to boiler water swelling at startup and for blowing boiler water when the boiler water quality deteriorates.
- a part of the saturated drain that has flowed into the continuous blow tank 37 becomes flash steam, is supplied to the deaerator 17, and is used as part of the heating steam of the deaerator 17.
- the heat storage drain line 57 branches off from the intermittent blow line 39 .
- all or part of the saturated drain separated by the steam drum 34 is supplied to the hot water heater 51 via the heat storage drain line 57 branching from the intermittent blow line 39 and the heat storage drain flow control valve 56. be done.
- the amount of drain to be extracted from the steam drum 34 is determined based on the fuel input amount and the main steam flow rate.
- Level control of the steam drum 34 is provided by a drum level control valve.
- the intermittent blow valve is opened and closed as necessary.
- control device 80 monitors the drum level, and when the drum level is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold for a certain period of time or more, the opening degree of the drum level control valve is lowered to suppress the inflow water supply amount.
- an intermittent blow valve may be opened to extract saturated drain as intermittent blow.
- the drum level is obtained from a water level sensor provided on the steam drum 34 .
- the heat source of the hot water heater 51 is not limited to turbine bypass steam.
- it may be reheated steam passing through a reheated steam line, or extracted air or exhaust from each steam turbine 4 .
- the thermal power plant 1 of the above-described embodiment includes a plurality of low-pressure feed water heaters 16, a configuration for switching the confluence destination of the high-temperature water merging line 71 according to the temperature of the high-temperature water, a configuration that allows partial water flow, a high-temperature water tank 53, and At least one of a configuration using a thermocline tank 61 instead of the low-temperature water tank 59, a configuration using a subcritical boiler, and a configuration using various types of steam as a heat source for the hot water heater 51 may be provided.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2021年2月16日に日本国特許庁に出願された特願2021-022766号及び2021年10月15日に日本国特許庁に出願された特願2021-169753号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
例えば、「ある方向に」、「ある方向に沿って」、「平行」、「直交」、「中心」、「同心」或いは「同軸」等の相対的或いは絶対的な配置を表す表現は、厳密にそのような配置を表すのみならず、公差、若しくは、同じ機能が得られる程度の角度や距離をもって相対的に変位している状態も表すものとする。
例えば、「同一」、「等しい」及び「均質」等の物事が等しい状態であることを表す表現は、厳密に等しい状態を表すのみならず、公差、若しくは、同じ機能が得られる程度の差が存在している状態も表すものとする。
例えば、四角形状や円筒形状等の形状を表す表現は、幾何学的に厳密な意味での四角形状や円筒形状等の形状を表すのみならず、同じ効果が得られる範囲で、凹凸部や面取り部等を含む形状も表すものとする。
一方、一の構成要素を「備える」、「具える」、「具備する」、「含む」、又は、「有する」という表現は、他の構成要素の存在を除外する排他的な表現ではない。
図3は、火力発電プラント1の蓄熱運用、即ち、低負荷運転時における高温水の貯留形態について示したものである。低負荷運転時は、ボイラ2で発生する主蒸気量が蒸気タービン4における発電に消費される主蒸気量よりも多く、余剰蒸気が生じている。また、ボイラ2は亜臨界状態で運転されており、ウォータードレンセパレータ31には連続して飽和ドレンが流入している。
図4は、火力発電プラント1の放熱運用、即ち、高負荷運転時における高温水の放出形態について示したものである。ここにおける高負荷運転とは、一般的に火力発電プラント定格負荷の30%以上の運転を指す。
図5は、火力発電プラント1に水蓄熱システム70を追設する場合の追設範囲の説明図である。水蓄熱システム70の追設範囲は、図中の太線で図示する範囲である。水蓄熱システム70は、上述のように、主に温水加熱器51、高温水タンク53、低温水タンク59および高温水ポンプ52で構成される。既設の火力発電プラント1に対して、敷地の空きスペースを活用して水蓄熱システム70を追設することで、建設コストを削減することができる。
温水加熱器 :直触式給水加熱器
高温水タンク容量:5×3300m3(0.3MPa) 計16500m3
低温水タンク容量:2×8300m3(大気圧) 計16600m3
蓄熱時間 :約6.0時間
放熱時間 :約5.0時間(100%ECR)
<従来プラント>
プラントA:最低負荷15%運転(5%所内動力、10%送電)
プラントB:DSS運用(プラント一旦停止、再起動)
プラントC:DSS運用(プラント一旦停止、再起動)
送電量合計:10%負荷相当
<本実施形態の火力発電プラント>
プラントA:並列無送電運用(最低負荷15%運転(5%所内動力、10%蓄熱))
プラントB:並列無送電運用(最低負荷15%運転(5%所内動力、10%蓄熱))
プラントC:並列無送電運用(最低負荷15%運転(5%所内動力、10%蓄熱))
送電量合計:無送電(0%負荷)
(1)再生エネルギー導入拡大への寄与
プラント最低負荷低減により、系統慣性力を維持しつつ再生エネルギー受け入れ余地拡大が可能となる。
(2)低負荷連続運転によるプラント起動費用削減
安価な石炭で低負荷連続運転することにより、DSS運用で不可避の起動用軽油費用を大幅に削減可能となる。
(3)DSS運用による機器損耗・起動トラブル回避
発電ユニットを連続運転することにより、DSS運用に伴う各種リスクを回避できる。
(4)急な負荷上昇要請等への対応
発電機5は系統並列を維持しつつ極低負荷で連続運転しているため、突発的な事故等による急な負荷上昇要請にも対応可能となる。
(5)プラント起動時の熱回収
従来起動ロスとして捨てていた熱を回収・利用することが可能となる。
なお、上記実施形態では、火力発電プラント1は、低圧給水加熱器16、および、第二高圧給水加熱器21を、それぞれ1つ備える場合を例にあげて説明したが、これらは、複数備えてもよい。
また、上記実施形態や変形例1では、放熱運用時、高温水タンク53から供給される高温水の合流点を、最下流の低圧給水加熱器16の出口側に設けている。例えば、低圧給水加熱器16を複数備える場合、合流点を複数設け、高温水の温度により切り替えるよう構成してもよい。
なお、上記実施形態では、蓄熱運用時、温水加熱器51において生成された高温水は、高温水タンク53に溜められる。本変形例では、この、温水加熱器51において生成された高温水の一部を、高温水タンク53ではなく、脱気器17へ供給するよう制御する。
上記実施形態では、高温水タンク53と、低温水タンク59との2つを設け、蓄熱時には、高温水タンク53に高温水を貯留し、放熱時は、利用後の高温水を低温水タンク59に貯留する。しかしながら、この構成に限定されない。例えば、1つのサーモクラインタンク61を備え、高温水タンク53と、低温水タンク59との機能を持たせてもよい。
上記実施形態では、ボイラ2として、低負荷条件以外では超臨界状態で超臨界ボイラを用いる場合を例にあげて説明しているが、ボイラ種はこれに限定されない。例えば、全ての負荷において亜臨界状態で運用される亜臨界ボイラを用いてもよい。
温水加熱器51の熱源は、タービンバイパス蒸気に限定されない。例えば、再熱蒸気ラインを通過する再熱蒸気であってもよいし、各蒸気タービン4からの抽気や排気であってもよい。
2 ボイラ
4 蒸気タービン
4A 高圧タービン
4B 中圧タービン
4C 低圧タービン
5 発電機
6 主蒸気ライン
7 タービンバイパスライン
8 タービンバイパス弁
9 再熱蒸気ライン
10 低圧タービンバイパスライン
11 低圧タービンバイパス弁
12 中圧タービン排気ライン
13 復水器
14 復水ポンプ
15 復水ライン
16 低圧給水加熱器
16A 低圧給水加熱器
16B 低圧給水加熱器
16C 低圧給水加熱器
16D 低圧給水加熱器
17 脱気器
18 給水ポンプ
19 送水ライン
20 第一高圧給水加熱器
21 第二高圧給水加熱器
31 ウォータードレンセパレータ
32 ウォータードレンセパレータドレン制御弁
33 ウォータードレンセパレータドレンライン
34 蒸気ドラム
35 再熱器
36 過熱器
37 連続ブロータンク
38 フラッシュタンク
39 間欠ブローライン
49 低温水給水ライン
50 低温水流量制御弁
51 温水加熱器
52 高温水ポンプ
52A 第一高温水ポンプ
52B 第二高温水ポンプ
53 高温水タンク
54 蓄熱蒸気流量制御弁
55 蓄熱蒸気ライン
56 蓄熱ドレン流量制御弁
57 蓄熱ドレンライン
58 低温水貯水ライン
59 低温水タンク
60 補給水ライン
61 サーモクラインタンク
62 低温水戻りライン
63 第二低温水給水ライン
64 高温水供給ライン
70 水蓄熱システム
71 高温水合流ライン
72 温度センサ
72A 温度センサ
72B 温度センサ
72C 温度センサ
72D 温度センサ
72E 温度センサ
73A 切換弁
73B 切換弁
73C 切換弁
73D 切換弁
74 分岐点
74A 分岐点
74B 分岐点
74C 分岐点
75 合流点
75A 合流点
75B 合流点
75C 合流点
75D 合流点
76 流量制御弁
80 制御装置
81 制御卓
Claims (11)
- ボイラと、前記ボイラからの蒸気によって駆動される蒸気タービンと、前記蒸気タービンをバイパスする蒸気を送るためのタービンバイパスラインと、前記蒸気タービンの排気を冷却し復水を生成する復水器と、前記復水を前記蒸気タービンからの抽気蒸気により加熱する低圧給水加熱器と、前記復水を前記抽気蒸気により脱気する脱気器と、を備える火力発電プラントであって、
前記タービンバイパスラインの主蒸気を熱源として前記復水器から供給される前記復水を高温水とする温水加熱器と、
当該高温水を貯留する高温水タンクと、
前記高温水タンクで貯留された前記高温水を前記低圧給水加熱器の後流または前記脱気器に送水する高温水ポンプと、
を備える火力発電プラント。 - 前記温水加熱器は、前記復水と前記主蒸気とを混合する直触式給水加熱器である、
請求項1記載の火力発電プラント。 - 前記ボイラは、火炉出口の汽水混合水を汽水分離するウォータードレンセパレータを備え、
前記温水加熱器は、前記ウォータードレンセパレータで汽水分離された飽和ドレンも前記熱源とする、
請求項1または2に記載の火力発電プラント。 - 前記ボイラは、蒸気と飽和水とを分離する蒸気ドラムを備え、
前記温水加熱器は、前記蒸気ドラムからの間欠ブローも前記熱源とする、
請求項1または2に記載の火力発電プラント。 - 前記復水器における余剰水を前記復水器への補給水用に貯留する低温水タンクであって、前記高温水タンクの貯水量と同等以上の貯水量を有する低温水タンクをさらに備える、
請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の火力発電プラント。 - 前記高温水タンクは、前記高温水と、低温水とを、温度躍層を挟んで貯留可能なサーモクラインタンクであり、前記低温水として、前記復水器における余剰水を前記復水器への補給水用に貯留する、
請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の火力発電プラント。 - 前記復水を前記復水器から前記脱気器に送水する復水ラインに、前記低圧給水加熱器を複数、直列に備え、
前記高温水を、当該高温水の温度である高温水温度に応じて、複数の前記低圧給水加熱器のうち、出口側の前記復水の温度を最も下げない合流点で合流させる高温水合流ラインをさらに備え、
前記合流点は、複数の前記低圧給水加熱器の出口側の前記復水ラインに、それぞれ、設けられる、
請求項1から6のいずれか1項記載の火力発電プラント。 - 請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の火力発電プラントの制御方法であって、
前記火力発電プラントの低負荷運転時に、前記ボイラの発生蒸気と前記蒸気タービンでの消費蒸気との差に相当する主蒸気を前記熱源として前記高温水を生成して前記高温水タンクに貯留し、
前記火力発電プラントの高負荷運転時に、前記高温水タンクに貯留した前記高温水を前記脱気器へ供給する、火力発電プラントの制御方法。 - 前記蒸気タービンの低負荷運転時に、さらに、前記温水加熱器において生成された前記高温水の一部を前記脱気器の温度に応じて前記脱気器に供給する、請求項8に記載の火力発電プラントの制御方法。
- 前記火力発電プラントは、前記復水を前記復水器から前記脱気器に送水する復水ラインに、前記低圧給水加熱器を複数、直列に備えるとともに、前記高温水を、合流する、複数の前記低圧給水加熱器の出口側の前記復水ラインに、それぞれ、設けられた、前記高温水を合流する合流点を、さらに備え、
前記火力発電プラントの高負荷運転時に、前記高温水の温度に応じて、複数の前記低圧給水加熱器のうち、出口側の前記復水の温度を最も下げない合流点で合流させる、請求項8または9記載の火力発電プラントの制御方法。 - 複数の前記低圧給水加熱器のうちの最下流の低圧給水加熱器を比較対象加熱器として、前記高温水を合流させる前記合流点を、当該比較対象加熱器の出口側の合流点に設定し、
所定の時間間隔で、前記高温水の温度と、当該比較対象加熱器の出口側の前記復水の温度と、を比較し、予め定めた期間、前記高温水の温度が前記復水の温度未満である場合、前記高温水を合流させる前記合流点を、前記比較対象加熱器の一段上流側の前記低圧給水加熱器の出口側に切り替え、一段上流側の当該低圧給水加熱器を前記比較対象加熱器とする処理を繰り返す、請求項10記載の火力発電プラントの制御方法。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202280013262.4A CN116806287A (zh) | 2021-02-16 | 2022-02-15 | 火力发电设备以及火力发电设备的控制方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021-022766 | 2021-02-16 | ||
JP2021022766 | 2021-02-16 | ||
JP2021-169753 | 2021-10-15 | ||
JP2021169753A JP7374159B2 (ja) | 2021-02-16 | 2021-10-15 | 火力発電プラントおよび火力発電プラントの制御方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022176846A1 true WO2022176846A1 (ja) | 2022-08-25 |
Family
ID=82931758
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2022/005928 WO2022176846A1 (ja) | 2021-02-16 | 2022-02-15 | 火力発電プラントおよび火力発電プラントの制御方法 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
TW (1) | TWI824415B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2022176846A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6394011A (ja) * | 1986-10-08 | 1988-04-25 | Hitachi Ltd | 高温水貯留槽を有する蒸気発電プラント |
CN106123086A (zh) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-11-16 | 华北电力大学 | 带有蓄热装置的热电联产机组及其调峰方法 |
CN206724274U (zh) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-12-08 | 赫普热力发展有限公司 | 一种热电厂调峰系统 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6737611B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-25 | 2020-08-12 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 火力発電システム及び火力発電システムの制御方法 |
CN110735676B (zh) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-12-22 | 西安交通大学 | 一种采用补水箱的燃煤机组灵活性调节系统及调节方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-02-15 WO PCT/JP2022/005928 patent/WO2022176846A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-02-16 TW TW111105630A patent/TWI824415B/zh active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6394011A (ja) * | 1986-10-08 | 1988-04-25 | Hitachi Ltd | 高温水貯留槽を有する蒸気発電プラント |
CN106123086A (zh) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-11-16 | 华北电力大学 | 带有蓄热装置的热电联产机组及其调峰方法 |
CN206724274U (zh) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-12-08 | 赫普热力发展有限公司 | 一种热电厂调峰系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW202248568A (zh) | 2022-12-16 |
TWI824415B (zh) | 2023-12-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7308042B2 (ja) | 蓄熱装置、発電プラントおよびファストカットバック時の運転制御方法 | |
US9790815B2 (en) | Method for operating a thermodynamic cycle, and thermodynamic cycle | |
US8938966B2 (en) | Storage of electrical energy with thermal storage and return through a thermodynamic cycle | |
US6983585B2 (en) | Combined cycle plant | |
RU2595192C2 (ru) | Электростанция с встроенным предварительным нагревом топливного газа | |
JP4540472B2 (ja) | 廃熱式蒸気発生装置 | |
CA2397612C (en) | Gas and steam turbine installation | |
US8820081B2 (en) | Method for operating a power plant | |
US9677429B2 (en) | Steam power plant with high-temperature heat reservoir | |
JP7374159B2 (ja) | 火力発電プラントおよび火力発電プラントの制御方法 | |
WO2020255692A1 (ja) | 発電プラントおよび発電プラントにおける余剰エネルギ蓄熱方法 | |
GB2453849A (en) | Steam power plant with additional bypass pipe used to control power output | |
US9404395B2 (en) | Selective pressure kettle boiler for rotor air cooling applications | |
WO2022176846A1 (ja) | 火力発電プラントおよび火力発電プラントの制御方法 | |
JP4898722B2 (ja) | 石炭ガス化複合発電設備 | |
JP4718333B2 (ja) | 貫流式排熱回収ボイラ | |
CN105980773B (zh) | 用于热电联产的方法和设备 | |
JP2012189008A (ja) | 火力発電プラント | |
CN103975143A (zh) | 燃气涡轮冷却系统及燃气涡轮冷却方法 | |
JP7183130B2 (ja) | 熱水貯蔵発電システム及び熱水貯蔵発電システムの運転方法 | |
JP2007187047A (ja) | 蒸気タービンプラントと組み合わせて用いられるガスタービンコンバインドサイクルプラント | |
JP4842071B2 (ja) | 貫流式排熱回収ボイラの運転方法、ならびに発電設備の運転方法 | |
JP2001055906A (ja) | 複合発電方法及びその装置 | |
CN116806287A (zh) | 火力发电设备以及火力发电设备的控制方法 | |
JP2019173696A (ja) | コンバインドサイクル発電プラント、およびその運転方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22756164 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202217064704 Country of ref document: IN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280013262.4 Country of ref document: CN |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 22756164 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |