WO2022172811A1 - 気密試験方法及びそれを用いた気密試験装置 - Google Patents
気密試験方法及びそれを用いた気密試験装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022172811A1 WO2022172811A1 PCT/JP2022/003866 JP2022003866W WO2022172811A1 WO 2022172811 A1 WO2022172811 A1 WO 2022172811A1 JP 2022003866 W JP2022003866 W JP 2022003866W WO 2022172811 A1 WO2022172811 A1 WO 2022172811A1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004397 blinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
- G01M3/2807—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes
- G01M3/2815—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes using pressure measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/18—Status alarms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an airtightness test method and an airtightness test apparatus using the same, and more particularly to an airtightness test method for evaluating the airtightness condition in a pipe and an airtightness test apparatus using the same.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of an airtightness test apparatus, and a detection hose connected to a connecting portion of a pipe, or via the detection hose, pressurizes the inside of the pipe with a pressurizing means 2 such as a pump, or pressurizes the pressure sensor. In 3, the pressure inside the pipe is measured.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the electrical system of the airtightness test apparatus.
- the airtightness test is a test method that measures the pressure to determine if gas leaks from the pipe and determines the change (if there is a leak, the pressure drops).
- the test time is determined by laws, standards, etc. (for LP gas, see “Exemplary Standards for Law Enforcement Regulations Concerning Ensuring Safety of Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Appropriate Transactions" 29. Airtightness test method and leakage test for supply pipes or piping, etc.)
- the method and city gas are stipulated in "Examples of Interpretation of Technical Standards for Gas Facilities” Article 51 Example of Interpretation (airtightness test, etc.) and cannot be shortened.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing an example of a conventional airtightness test method.
- the pressurizing means 2 is operated to pressurize the inside of the pipe to a predetermined pressure.
- the pressure change in the pipe is measured for airtightness test.
- the measurement time is set to a predetermined time such as 2 minutes or 5 minutes or more. After the measurement time has elapsed, the results are determined and the presence or absence of leakage is evaluated. If there is no leakage, save the test results and end the test. If there is leakage, specify the leaking location of the piping, repair it, and then perform the airtightness test again from the pressurization process.
- Equation 1 As a method for evaluating the presence or absence of leakage, for example, as shown in Equation 1 below, it is possible to make a determination by logic that takes into consideration the gradient of pressure change and allowable error during the airtightness test time.
- P (t) Pressure (0 ⁇ t ⁇ T)
- T Airtightness test time
- ⁇ P Gradient of graph indicated by graph of pressure change against time (airtightness test slope)
- P M Allowable error (instrumental error, etc. including)
- P J judgment value.
- P J ⁇ P ⁇ T + P M (Equation 1) Based on the calculated value of P J , for example, when P J ⁇ 0, it is determined that there is no leakage, and when P J ⁇ 0, it is determined that there is leakage.
- Patent Document 1 the present inventor proposed a test method for evaluating the influence of environmental temperature changes on pipes and the like in order to improve the precision and accuracy of the airtightness test.
- Equation 1 since the presence or absence of leakage is determined based on the pressure drop (P J ⁇ 0), it is susceptible to temperature changes in the pipes and the environment surrounding the pipes. Laws, standards, etc. stipulate the need to perform temperature correction when affected by temperature. In this case, it is difficult to determine the presence or absence of leakage only by checking the graph of pressure change against time or the current pressure value. Therefore, it is desirable to perform temperature correction using the technique described in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing an example of an airtightness test method with a temperature compensation function.
- the temperature effect measurement process is performed.
- the temperature effect measurement process may be performed at least once, but in order to further improve accuracy, it is also possible to perform it before and after the airtightness test process to estimate the temperature change during the airtightness test process.
- the valve 5 in FIGS. 1 and 2 is opened to reduce the pressure inside the pipe to atmospheric pressure. After that, the valves 4 and 5 are closed, and a waiting time of 1 minute is provided in order to remove the influence of the pressure fluctuation. During the next 30 seconds, pressure changes are measured. This pressure change is a change that reflects a temperature change rather than a leak in the pipe.
- the temperature effect measurement process (first half) is completed, conduct an airtightness test.
- the pressurizing step after the valve 4 is opened, the pressurizing means 2 is operated to pressurize the inside of the pipe to a predetermined pressure. After the pressurization process, the pressure change in the pipe is measured for airtightness test.
- the measurement time is set to, for example, 5 minutes or longer. It should be noted that the time display shown in each figure is not limited to that, but is merely an example.
- the temperature effect measurement process (second half) is performed after the airtightness test process.
- the effect of temperature change in the airtightness test process is evaluated from the results of the first half and the second half of the temperature effect measurement process, and the temperature effect evaluation is used to determine the pressure in the airtightness test process. Calculate the pressure change due to the leak in the piping, excluding the temperature effect from the change, and evaluate the presence or absence of the leak based on the calculation result. If there is no leakage, save the test results and end the test. If there is leakage, identify the leaking location of the piping, repair it, and then perform the airtightness test again from the temperature effect measurement process (first half).
- the slope of the pressure value (tendency of temperature effect) measured in the temperature effect measurement process before and after the airtightness test process is used to perform the airtightness test. Correction for the slope of the pressure change over time can be made and then determined with a temperature correction logic that takes tolerances into account.
- p 1 (t) pressure in the temperature effect measurement process (first half)
- p 2 (t) pressure in the temperature effect measurement process (second half)
- 0 ⁇ t ⁇ t 0 and t 0 temperature effect is the measurement time.
- a pressure change amount (slope of pressure change due to temperature effect) ⁇ p indicating the influence of temperature change is calculated by the following equation 2, for example.
- ⁇ p ( ⁇ p 1 + ⁇ p 2 )/2 (Formula 2)
- ⁇ p 1 and ⁇ p 2 indicate the "temperature effect slope" in the first half and the second half.
- the determination value PJ is calculated using Equation 2, it can be represented by Equation 3 below.
- T airtightness test time
- ⁇ P airtightness test slope
- P M allowable error.
- P J ( ⁇ P ⁇ p) ⁇ T+P M (Formula 3)
- P J ( ⁇ P ⁇ p) ⁇ T+P M (Formula 3)
- the airtightness test time based on the temperature influence is 8 minutes or more in total. Moreover, since the judgment result is not displayed until all these processes are finished, even if leakage is suspected in the airtightness test process, it is necessary to wait until the judgment result is obtained. In this way, the airtightness test requires more time to complete the test as the precision and accuracy of the judgment results are improved. was
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the above-described conventional problems, shorten the airtightness test time even a little during the airtightness test, and improve the efficiency of on-site work. It is to provide an airtightness test device using it.
- the airtightness test method and the airtightness test apparatus using the same have the following technical features.
- the reference pressure change amount ( ⁇ P 0 ) is set based on the pressure change amount ( ⁇ p) measured in the temperature effect measurement step. .
- display means for displaying the state when the airtightness test process is interrupted or a warning is displayed In the airtightness test apparatus using the airtightness test method according to any one of the above (1) to (4), display means for displaying the state when the airtightness test process is interrupted or a warning is displayed. characterized by comprising
- an airtightness test method for evaluating the airtightness of a pipe in an airtightness test method for evaluating the airtightness of a pipe, the inside of the pipe is pressurized and set to a pressure different from the pressure outside the container, and after the pressurization step, the pipe in an airtight state and measuring the pressure in the pipe over a preset time (T), and in the airtightness test step, the amount of pressure change ( ⁇ P) is lower than a preset reference pressure change amount ( ⁇ P 0 ), the airtightness test process is interrupted or a warning is displayed before the preset time (T) elapses. Leakage can be judged without waiting for the set time (T) to elapse, and the working efficiency of the airtightness test can be improved.
- the pipe is placed in an airtight state, and the amount of pressure change ( ⁇ p) in the pipe is measured.
- a temperature effect measurement step is provided, the temperature effect measurement step is performed at least before the pressurization step, and the reference pressure change amount ( ⁇ P 0 ) is the pressure change amount ( ⁇ p), it is possible to improve work efficiency while performing a more accurate airtightness test.
- the airtightness test step is interrupted, and the airtightness test process is performed again.
- the temperature effect measurement process it is possible to stop the execution of the airtightness test based on the erroneous temperature effect measurement.
- the airtightness test apparatus using the airtightness test method described above when the airtightness test process is interrupted or a warning is displayed, a display means for displaying the state is provided, so that the inspector can quickly interrupt the airtightness test. It is possible to judge whether the work should be stopped by looking at the warning display, and the work can be performed more efficiently.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the main electric system of the airtightness test device of FIG. 1; It is a flowchart explaining the conventional airtightness test method. It is a flowchart explaining the conventional airtightness test method in consideration of temperature influence. It is a flowchart explaining the airtightness test method of this invention.
- 6 is a graph of pressure change in the airtightness test method of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing pressure changes during airtightness test time T in FIG. 6 ;
- FIG. FIG. 8 is a graph for explaining the relationship between the graph showing the decreasing pressure change in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing pressure change in the test method of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing changes in pressure during airtightness test time T in FIG. 10;
- FIG. 12 is a graph for explaining the relationship between the graph showing the increasing pressure change in FIG. 11 and the amount of pressure change; It is a figure explaining an example of the display shown on the display means of the airtightness test apparatus of this invention.
- the main feature of the present invention is, as shown in FIGS. 1) To interrupt the airtightness test process or display a warning without waiting for a preset time (T, for example, 5 minutes or more) to elapse in the airtightness test process.
- T preset time
- the airtightness test can be promptly stopped, and it is possible to start identifying and repairing the leak location, making it possible to improve the efficiency of the overall work. .
- the test apparatus used in the airtightness test method of the present invention can adopt the configuration of the conventional airtightness test apparatus as shown in FIGS.
- the airtightness test apparatus is equipped with a detection hose that is connected to a pipe to be inspected.
- a pressure sensor 3 is provided.
- the pressurizing means is not limited to an electric pump, and a manual pump can also be used.
- the valve 4 is kept closed when the pressurizing means is not in operation in order to prevent the gas on the piping side from leaking to the outside through the pressurizing means 2 .
- the valve 5 is used to reduce the pressure in the pipe or to bring the pressure in the pipe to atmospheric pressure.
- the pressurizing means 2 and the valves 4 and 5 are connected to the control means 1 and driven and controlled by a control program incorporated in the control means.
- the pressure sensor 3 is used for sending a detection signal to the control means 1 and calculating a pressure change amount or the like by a control program.
- the control means 1 is connected with storage means for storing programs and data operated by the control means, input means for external input, and display means for displaying examination results and the like to the examiner (operator).
- a processing flow relating to the airtightness test method of the present invention is realized by a control program that operates within the control means 1 .
- the airtightness test method of the present invention will be specifically described.
- the processing when judgment prediction (measurement prediction) is performed and it is judged that there is a leak is only "interruption of the airtightness test process".
- the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and when it is determined that there is a "leakage”, a warning is displayed on the display means (not only the screen display but also the display by a lamp, sound, etc.) so that the inspector can say " It is also possible to arbitrarily select "interruption” or "continuation” of the airtightness test process.
- the inside of the pipe is pressurized to a predetermined pressure using the pressurizing means 2 with the valve 5 closed and the valve 4 open.
- a pressurization step is performed to set the pressure inside the pipe to a pressure different from the pressure outside the pipe.
- the valve 4 is closed to make the pipe airtight, and the pressure inside the pipe is measured for a preset time (T).
- T preset time
- FIG. 6 shows changes in the pressure P inside the pipe during the airtightness test.
- the pressurizing process is performed in a period of time t1 to t2, and t2 to t3 is a period in which the pressure fluctuates under the influence of the pressurizing process and is gradually stabilized, which is a waiting time for the next process.
- the period from t3 to t4 is the airtightness test process, and the test time T is set in advance, for example, 5 minutes. After the end of the test, the pressure is reduced from t4 to t5, and the airtightness test ends.
- FIG. 7 is a graph extracting the period from t3 to t4 during the airtight test period of FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a method of measurement prediction.
- FIG. 8(a) shows an upwardly convex measurement curve
- FIG. 8(b) shows a downwardly convex measurement curve.
- Pressure measurement P1 is performed from airtight test start time t3, and pressure change amount ⁇ P [Pa/s] is measured for each elapsed time ⁇ t n (n is a natural number and means n-th ⁇ t) from time t3. do.
- the amount of change in pressure ⁇ P ( ⁇ t n ) is the average amount of change in the amount of pressure that has changed during the elapsed time ⁇ tn starting at time t3. is the same as the slope of
- ⁇ P 0 has a negative slope
- ⁇ P ( ⁇ t n ) is ⁇ P 0 or more (when the slope is gentler than ⁇ P 0 )
- the pressure P1 during the airtightness test period T is Since the possibility of falling below A1 is low, it is determined that there is no leakage.
- ⁇ P ( ⁇ t n ) is lower than ⁇ P 0 (the inclination is stronger than ⁇ P 0 )
- the interval between the elapsed times ⁇ tn +1 and ⁇ tn may be equal or may be unequal. In FIG.
- the pressure change amount ⁇ P ( ⁇ t 2 ) is lower than the reference pressure change amount ⁇ P 0 , so it is determined that there is a leak, and the airtight test period T
- the airtightness test process is interrupted before the elapse of
- ⁇ P( ⁇ t n ) is always smaller than ⁇ P 0 . Therefore, when ⁇ P ( ⁇ t 1 ) is measured for the first time, it is judged that ⁇ P is smaller than 0 , so it is possible to judge that "leakage is present" at this stage. In addition, since an unstable situation such as when the measured pressure fluctuates (oscillates) is expected, in order to make a more reliable judgment, ⁇ P ( ⁇ t 1 ), ⁇ P ( ⁇ t 2 ), ⁇ P ( ⁇ t 3 ), etc. If ⁇ P is smaller than 0 for a plurality of consecutive times, it may be determined that there is "leakage".
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the airtightness test method, which incorporates two temperature effect measurement steps.
- the temperature effect measurement process is performed at least before the pressurization process for the airtightness test process.
- the temperature effect measurement process after the airtightness test process.
- the valve 5 in FIG. 1 is opened (t1 in FIG. 10), the pressure inside the pipe is set to the same as the pressure outside the pipe, and then the valve 5 is closed (t2) to make the inside of the pipe airtight.
- ⁇ p 1 in FIG. 10 is the amount of pressure change ( ⁇ p) due to the influence of temperature measured during measurement times t3 to t4.
- the pressurizing step (t4 to t5 in FIG. 10) is performed to pressurize the inside of the pipe to a predetermined pressure using the pressurizing means 2 with the valve 4 open, the valve 4 is closed, and the waiting time (t5 to t6).
- the airtightness test process (t6 to t7) is performed.
- the pressure in the airtight pipe is measured over a preset time (T).
- the temperature influence measurement process (reduced pressure (t7 to t8), standby time (t8 to t9), measurement (t9 to t10)) is performed again in FIG. ⁇ p 2 in FIG.
- the amount of change ⁇ p is calculated by Equation 2, for example.
- the result determined by the test is displayed on the display means, and the test result is stored in the storage means when the determination result is no omission.
- FIG. 10 shows changes in the pressure P in the pipe during the airtightness test of FIG. 9, as described above.
- FIG. 11 is a graph extracting the period from t6 to t7 during the airtight test period of FIG. When there is a leak, the pressure P decreases with time, so a graph like symbol P1 is drawn. Also, when the temperature inside the pipe or the like is rising, it shows an upward trend as shown in graph P2.
- the allowable range for determining "no leakage” is indicated by the range of dotted lines A1 and A2. They are arranged with a shift of ⁇ A.
- the temperature-influenced pressure change amount ⁇ p1 measured in the temperature-influence measurement process ( first half) is judged not to be an appropriate value in the airtightness test process.
- the interval between the dotted line A0 and the dotted line A2 is ⁇ A, but the width ⁇ A that is allowed for leakage determination and the width that is allowed for temperature change (the width of the dotted lines A0 to A2) may be set to different values. It is possible.
- the allowable range for determining "no leakage" at the measured pressure P1' is indicated by the dotted line A1', which is expressed by Equation 5 below.
- decision prediction can be used to determine "leak present" at point B in FIG.
- the pressure change amount ⁇ P [Pa/s] is measured for each elapsed time ⁇ t n (n is a natural number and means the n-th ⁇ t) from the time t6 of the measured pressure P1′.
- the amount of pressure change ⁇ P ( ⁇ t n ) is the average amount of change in the amount of pressure that has changed during the elapsed time ⁇ tn starting at time t6, and has the same slope as the straight line indicated by the one-dot chain line in FIG.
- ⁇ P 0 ′ has a negative slope, so if ⁇ P ( ⁇ t n ) is greater than or equal to ⁇ P 0 ′ (slope is gentler than ⁇ P 0 ′), pressure Since it is unlikely that P1' will fall below the dotted line A1', it is determined that there is no leakage.
- ⁇ P ( ⁇ t n ) is lower than ⁇ P 0 ′ (as a slope, the slope is stronger than ⁇ P 0 ′), there is a high possibility that the pressure P1 ′ will fall below the dotted line A1 during the airtightness test period T. Therefore, it is determined that there is a "leakage".
- the pressure change amount ⁇ P ( ⁇ t 2 ) is lower than the reference pressure change amount ⁇ P 0 ′, so it is determined that there is a leak, and the airtightness test period T has elapsed. Prior to this, the airtightness test process is interrupted.
- FIG. 12 shows a graph P2' of the measured pressure P2 of FIG. 11, excluding the contribution of the temperature - influenced pressure variation ⁇ p1.
- the boundary value A2′ which is the boundary value for determining temperature abnormality
- A2 means the graph of dotted line A2 with slope ( ⁇ p 1 ) in FIG.
- the pressure change amount ⁇ P ( ⁇ t n ) is sequentially measured in the elapsed time ⁇ t n from time t6, and when the reference pressure change amount ⁇ P 1 is exceeded, the airtightness test step suspend. Even if there is an abnormality in the temperature change, as shown in FIG. It is possible to provide a close value.
- the status is displayed by the display means of FIG. , it is possible to identify and repair the leakage point.
- FIG. 13 exemplifies the types of screens displayed on the display means of the airtightness test device.
- (a) shows the state during the airtightness test, and the upper half graph shows changes in the measured pressure P and , the pressure in a state where the pressure change amount ⁇ p due to the temperature influence in the temperature influence measurement step is removed. If necessary, it is also possible to display the value of ⁇ P( ⁇ t n ) as a judgment prediction, or the value of pressure ⁇ P( ⁇ t n ) ⁇ T that is likely to reach after the measurement time T.
- FIG. 13(b) the result of the airtightness test is displayed.
- the airtightness test process and the like are completed normally, and the measurement results are displayed as messages and obtained numerical values. It is also possible to provide a button for registering the measurement results on the screen. It is also possible to set so that the results are saved even when the process is interrupted.
- FIG. 13(c) is a display when the airtightness test is stopped during the airtightness test process. It may be configured to clearly indicate the reason why the airtightness test was canceled and to display the amount of pressure change when the cancellation was determined.
- a function to automatically stop by setting the elapsed time and judgment pressure is provided, and a buzzer and screen display are displayed when predetermined conditions are met. It is also possible to implement a function to warn the operator by blinking.
- an airtightness test method and an airtightness test apparatus using the same can shorten the airtightness test time even a little and improve the efficiency of on-site work in the airtightness test. can be provided.
- control means 2 pressurizing means (pump) 3 pressure sensor 4, 5 valve
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Abstract
Description
PJ=ΔP×T+PM ・・・・(式1)
算出されたPJの値により、例えば、PJ≧0の場合は、「漏れ無し」と判定し、PJ<0の場合は「漏れ有り」と判定している。
従来の気密試験では、上記式1に示したように、圧力降下(PJ<0)で漏れの有無を判別するため、配管や配管を取り囲む環境の温度変化の影響を受け易い。また、温度影響を受ける場合は温度補正を行う必要性が法律・基準等に定められている。この場合、時間に対する圧力変化のグラフや、現在の圧力値を確認するだけでは、漏れの有無を判定することが難しい。そのため、特許文献1に記載の技術を使用して、温度補正を行うことが望ましい。
温度変化の影響を示す圧力変化量(温度影響による圧力変化の傾き)Δpは、例えば、以下の式2で算出される。
Δp=(Δp1+Δp2)/2 ・・・・(式2)
ここで、Δp1及びΔp2は、前半及び後半の「温度影響傾き」を示す。式2を用いて、判定値PJを算出すると、以下の式3で表すことができる。なお、式1と同様に、T:気密試験時間,ΔP:気密試験傾き,PM:許容誤差である。
PJ=(ΔP-Δp)×T+PM ・・・・(式3)
ここで、例えば、PJ≧0の場合は、「漏れ無し」と判定され、PJ<0の場合は、「漏れ有り」と判定される。
(1) 配管内の気密状況を評価する気密試験方法において、該配管内を加圧し、該配管の外部の圧力と異なる圧力に設定する加圧工程と、該加圧工程の後、該配管を気密状態にし、該配管内の圧力を予め設定された時間(T)に亘り測定する、気密試験工程と、該気密試験工程で、所定時間(Δt)当たりの該配管内の圧力変化量(ΔP)として該気密試験工程の開始時刻から該所定時間(Δt)が経過するまでの間に変化した圧力量の平均変化量を用い、該圧力変化量(ΔP)が予め設定された基準圧力変化量(ΔP0)より低い場合には、前記設定された時間(T)の経過前に、該気密試験工程を中断又は警告表示を行うことを特徴とする。
本発明の主な特徴は、図5及び図9に示すように、配管内の気密状況を評価する気密試験方法において、気密試験工程中に、漏れ有り等の異常状態と判断される場合には、気密試験工程において予め設定された時間(T,例えば5分以上)の経過を待たずに、気密試験工程を中断又は警告表示を行うことである。
この構成により、異常状態と判断された場合には、速やかに気密試験を中止して、漏れ箇所の特定・修繕作業に着手することを可能として、全体作業を高効率化することが可能となる。
気密試験方法では、バルブ5を閉じ、かつバルブ4を開いた状態で加圧手段2を用いて配管内を所定圧力まで加圧する。これにより、配管の外部の圧力と異なる圧力に配管内の圧力を設定する加圧工程が実行される。加圧工程の後の気密試験工程では、バルブ4を閉じ、配管を気密状態にし、配管内の圧力を予め設定された時間(T)に亘り測定する。気密試験工程が終了した後は、試験で判定した結果を表示手段で表示し、判定結果が漏れ無しの場合は、試験結果を記憶手段に保存する。他方、判定結果が漏れ有の場合は、漏れ箇所の特定及び修繕を指示する表示を、表示手段に明示する。
図6は、気密試験を行う期間中の配管内の圧力Pの変化を示す。時間t1~t2の期間で加圧工程が行われ、t2~t3は、加圧工程の影響で圧力が変動し、徐々に安定化する期間であり、次の工程の待機時間となる。t3~t4は気密試験工程であり、試験時間Tは、例えば5分というように、予め設定されている。試験終了後t4~t5で減圧し、気密試験が終了する。
気密試験開始時間t3からの圧力測定P1を行い、時刻t3からの経過時間Δtn(nは自然数で、n番目のΔtを意味する。)毎に、圧力変化量ΔP[Pa/s]を測定する。圧力変化量ΔP(Δtn)は、時刻t3を起点として、経過時間Δtnの間に変化した圧力量の平均変化量であり、図8(a)又は(b)の一点鎖線で表示される直線の傾きと同じである。
一方、ΔP(Δtn)がΔP0より低い場合(傾きとしては、ΔP0よりも傾斜が強い場合)は、気密試験期間Tの間に圧力P1が点線A1を下回る可能性が高いため、「漏れ有り」と判断される。
以上のように、図8(a)及び(b)の場合でも、時間Tが経過する前に、判断予測を行うことが可能となる。
図9は、気密試験方法のフローチャートであり、2つの温度影響計測工程が組み込まれている。温度影響計測工程は、気密試験工程のための加圧工程の前に、少なくとも実施される。当然、気密試験工程の後に温度影響計測工程を組み込むことも可能である。温度影響計測工程は、図1のバルブ5を開き(図10のt1)、配管内の圧力を配管の外部の圧力と同じに設定した後、バルブ5を閉じ(t2)、配管内を気密状態にする。待機時間(1分程度。t2~t3)の後、配管内の圧力変化量(Δp1)を測定する(t3~t4)。図10のΔp1は、測定時間t3~t4で測定された温度影響による圧力変化量(Δp)である。
試験で判定した結果を表示手段で表示し、判定結果が漏れ無しの場合は、試験結果を記憶手段に保存する。他方、判定結果が漏れ有の場合は、漏れ箇所の特定及び修繕を指示する表示を、表示手段に明示する。
気密試験方法における漏洩の判定については、従来と同様に、式2及び3により判定される。
図10は、上述したように、図9の気密試験を行う期間中の配管内の圧力Pの変化を示している。図11は、図10の気密試験期間中であるt6~t7の期間を抜き出したグラフである。漏洩がある場合は圧力Pは時間と共に減少するため、符号P1のようなグラフを描く。また、配管等の内部の温度が上昇している場合は、グラフP2のように上昇傾向を示す。
P1’=P1-Δp1×Δtn ・・・・式4
なお、nは自然数であり、Δtnは、時刻t6からの経過時間を示す。
A1’=A1-Δp1×Δtn ・・・・式5
図8の説明と同様に、図11の点B1で漏れを判断するのではなく、判断予測を用いて、図8の点Bで「漏れ有り」を判断することが可能である。具体的には、測定圧力P1’の時刻t6からの経過時間Δtn(nは自然数で、n番目のΔtを意味する。)毎に、圧力変化量ΔP[Pa/s]を測定する。圧力変化量ΔP(Δtn)は、時刻t6を起点として、経過時間Δtnの間に変化した圧力量の平均変化量であり、図8の一点鎖線で表示される直線の傾きと同じである。
一方、ΔP(Δtn)がΔP0’より低い場合(傾きとしては、ΔP0’よりも傾斜が強い場合)は、気密試験期間Tの間に圧力P1’が点線A1を下回る可能性が高いため、「漏れ有り」と判断される。
このような「測定予測」を用いた気密試験方法では、より漏洩の判断を早めるため、作業効率を高めることが可能となる。
図11の測定圧力P1について、温度影響の圧力変化量Δp(Δp=Δp1)の寄与を除いたグラフP1’を、図8を用いて示した。これと同様に、図11の測定圧力P2について、温度影響の圧力変化量Δp1の寄与を除いたグラフP2’を、図12に示す。
具体的には、図12の圧力P2’はP2’=P2-Δp1×Δtnで変換され、温度異常の判断の境界値である境界値A2’もA2’=A2-Δp1×Δtnで示される。ここで、A2は図11の傾き(Δp1)を持った点線A2のグラフを意味する。
温度変化の異常であっても、図9に示すように、温度影響計測工程(前半)に戻り、再度、温度影響による圧力変化量Δp1が測定され、気密試験工程における配管等の温度変化により近い値を提供することが可能となる。
当然、PJがPJ≧0の場合は、「漏れ無し」と判定され、PJ<0の場合は、「漏れ有り」と判定される。
図13(b)では、気密試験結果を表示させている。正常に気密試験工程等が終了し、測定結果をメッセージや得られた数値として表示している。画面に計測結果を登録するためのボタンを設けることも可能である。なお、中断した場合でも、その結果を保存するように設定することも可能である。
また、判定予測の表示・警告については、上述の画面表示だけでなく、経過時間や判断圧力を設定して、自動的に中止する機能を設けて、所定条件を満たした際にブザーや画面表示点滅にて作業者に警告する機能を実現することも可能である。
2 加圧手段(ポンプ)
3 圧力センサ
4,5 バルブ
Claims (5)
- 配管内の気密状況を評価する気密試験方法において、
該配管内を加圧し、該配管の外部の圧力と異なる圧力に設定する加圧工程と、
該加圧工程の後、該配管を気密状態にし、該配管内の圧力を予め設定された時間(T)に亘り測定する、気密試験工程と、
該気密試験工程で、所定時間(Δt)当たりの該配管内の圧力変化量(ΔP)として該気密試験工程の開始時刻から該所定時間(Δt)が経過するまでの間に変化した圧力量の平均変化量を用い、該圧力変化量(ΔP)が予め設定された基準圧力変化量(ΔP0)より低い場合には、前記設定された時間(T)の経過前に、該気密試験工程を中断又は警告表示を行うことを特徴とする気密試験方法。 - 請求項1に記載の気密試験方法において、
該配管内の圧力を該配管の外部の圧力と同じに設定した後、該配管を気密状態にし、該配管内の圧力変化量(Δp)を測定する、温度影響計測工程を備え、
該温度影響計測工程は、少なくとも該加圧工程の前又は後に行われることを特徴とする気密試験方法。 - 請求項2に記載の気密試験方法において、
該基準圧力変化量(ΔP0)は、該温度影響測定工程で測定した圧力変化量(Δp)に基づき設定されることを特徴とする気密試験方法。 - 請求項3に記載の気密試験方法において、
該圧力変化量(ΔP)が、予め設定された他の基準圧力変化量(ΔP1)より高い場合には、該気密試験工程を中断し、再度、該温度影響計測工程を行うことを特徴とする気密試験方法。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の気密試験方法を用いた気密試験装置において、前記の気密試験工程が中断、又は警告表示を行う際に、その状態を表示する表示手段を備えることを特徴とする気密試験装置。
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH0232031U (ja) * | 1988-08-24 | 1990-02-28 | ||
JPH11344412A (ja) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-12-14 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 配管の漏水検査方法並びに給湯システム |
JP2003050177A (ja) * | 2001-08-06 | 2003-02-21 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | ガス漏れ検査方法及びそれを実施するガスメータ |
JP2003227773A (ja) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-08-15 | Shinichiro Arima | 圧力計測方法及び装置 |
JP2005091042A (ja) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-04-07 | Olympus Corp | リークテスタ |
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JPH0232031U (ja) * | 1988-08-24 | 1990-02-28 | ||
JPH11344412A (ja) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-12-14 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | 配管の漏水検査方法並びに給湯システム |
JP2003050177A (ja) * | 2001-08-06 | 2003-02-21 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | ガス漏れ検査方法及びそれを実施するガスメータ |
JP2003227773A (ja) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-08-15 | Shinichiro Arima | 圧力計測方法及び装置 |
JP2005091042A (ja) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-04-07 | Olympus Corp | リークテスタ |
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