WO2022170960A1 - 一种真姬菇菌株、孢子、子实体及其应用 - Google Patents

一种真姬菇菌株、孢子、子实体及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2022170960A1
WO2022170960A1 PCT/CN2022/073670 CN2022073670W WO2022170960A1 WO 2022170960 A1 WO2022170960 A1 WO 2022170960A1 CN 2022073670 W CN2022073670 W CN 2022073670W WO 2022170960 A1 WO2022170960 A1 WO 2022170960A1
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strain
finc
mushroom
breeding
present
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刘玉
王楠
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上海丰科生物科技股份有限公司
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L31/00—Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor

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  • the invention belongs to the field of edible mushrooms, and relates to a strain, spores, fruiting bodies and applications of shiitake mushrooms.
  • Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck) Bigelow belongs to the Basidiomycetes, Laminaria, Agaricus, White Mushrooms, and Yumushrooms. Because of its unique crab flavor, it is also called crab mushroom, seafood mushroom, etc. At present, there are two main types of shimeji mushrooms produced in factories: brown and pure white. Generally, brown shimeji mushrooms are called crab-flavored mushrooms, and white shimeji mushrooms are white jade mushrooms.
  • Mushrooms are rich in nutrients and comprehensive, and have anti-hypertension, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation and other effects. Because it is rich in vitamins, amino acids, minerals, etc., with high nutritional value and delicious taste, it is deeply loved by consumers.
  • NN-12 and NN-11 [source: Nagano Rural Industrial Research Institute, Nakano City Agricultural Cooperative Association (Japanese name)], of which NN-12 is the most common in the market. All have the advantages of good fruiting body shape, uniform mushroom cap size, uniform pattern, suitable for boxed mushrooms and not bitter. However, they have a long cultivation period, which affects production efficiency and cost.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of shiitake mushroom bacterial strain, spore, fruiting body and application thereof, aiming at solving the problem of long bacterial cultivation cycle and short fresh-keeping period in the prior art, which cannot meet market demand.
  • the present invention provides a strain of the mushroom, named Finc-B-8031, which belongs to the mushroom, and is preserved in the Ordinary Microorganism Center of the China Committee for the Preservation and Administration of Microorganisms, address: Beichen, Chaoyang District, Beijing No. 3, No. 1 Courtyard, West Road, the preservation number is CGMCC No.21448, and the preservation date is January 5, 2021.
  • the present invention also provides the spores of the mushroom, which are obtained after culturing the above-mentioned Finc-B-8031.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned shiitake mushroom strain in breeding, and the Finc-B-8031 is used as a parent for breeding.
  • the present invention also provides another application of the above-mentioned Finc-B-8031 strain in cross-breeding, in which the Finc-B-8031 is used as a parent for cross-breeding.
  • the present invention also provides another application of the above-mentioned shiitake mushroom strain in cross-breeding, which is to perform molecular editing and breeding on the Finc-B-8031.
  • the present invention also provides a mycelium of A. chinensis, which is the mycelium obtained by culturing the above-mentioned Finc-B-8031.
  • the present invention also provides a fruiting body of the mushroom, which is the fruiting body obtained by cultivating the above-mentioned Finc-B-8031.
  • the present invention also protects the application of the fruiting bodies of the above-mentioned shimeji mushrooms in food processing.
  • the present invention also provides a method for obtaining the above-mentioned Finc-B-8031 strain.
  • the Finc-B-8031 is obtained by selecting the Finc-B-8031 strain by selecting the Finc-B-8031 strain as the parents.
  • the shiitake mushroom strain Finc-B-8031 provided by the invention has the following advantages:
  • the cultivation period is short, which improves the conversion efficiency of raw materials and the production efficiency of the factory, and saves energy and reduces consumption;
  • Finc-B-8031 has excellent comprehensive properties and broad market prospects.
  • Fig. 1 is the per unit yield and cultivation cycle comparison data diagram of the Shishitake mushroom bacterial strain Finc-B-8031 provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the NN-12 bacterial strain in the prior art;
  • Fig. 2 is the comparison data diagram of the preservation period of the shiitake mushroom strain Finc-B-8031 provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the NN-12 strain in the prior art;
  • Fig. 3 is the cultivation period comparison data diagram of the sage mushroom strain Finc-B-8031 provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the NN-12 strain in the prior art under the condition of 77 days of cultivation period;
  • Fig. 4 is a graph of the unit yield comparison data of the Shishitake mushroom strain Finc-B-8031 provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the NN-12 strain in the prior art under the condition of a culture period of 77 days;
  • Fig. 5 is the unit yield distribution data diagram of the shiitake mushroom strain Finc-B-8031 provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the NN-12 strain in the prior art under the condition of a culture period of 77 days;
  • Fig. 6 is the comparison data chart of the preservation period of the cultivar Finc-B-8031 provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the NN-12 strain in the prior art under the condition of a culture period of 77 days;
  • Fig. 7 is the cultivation period comparison data chart of the cultivar Finc-B-8031 provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the NN-12 strain in the prior art under the condition of the cultivation period of 74 days;
  • Fig. 8 is a graph of the yield comparison data of the Shishitake mushroom strain Finc-B-8031 provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the NN-12 strain in the prior art under the condition of a culture period of 74 days;
  • Fig. 9 is the unit yield distribution data diagram of the Shishitake mushroom strain Finc-B-8031 provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the NN-12 strain in the prior art under the condition of a culture period of 74 days;
  • Fig. 10 is the comparison data chart of the preservation period of the sagebrush strain Finc-B-8031 provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the NN-12 strain in the prior art under the condition of a culture period of 74 days;
  • Fig. 11 is a graph showing the comparison of the growth rate of mycelium of the shiitake mushroom strain Finc-B-8031 provided by an embodiment of the present invention and the NN-12 strain in the prior art.
  • the invention provides a strain of Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck) Bigelow, which is named as Finc-B-8031, and is preserved in the General Microorganism Center of the China Committee for the Preservation and Administration of Microorganisms, whose address is Chaoyang, Beijing. No. 3, No. 1 Courtyard, Beichen West Road, District, the preservation number is CGMCC No.21448, and the preservation date is January 5, 2021.
  • the Finc-B-8031 is obtained by selecting the Finc-B-8031 strain provided by the present invention by selecting the Finc-B-8031 strain Beidou No. 18 and the strain NN-12 as the parents through conventional hybridization and selection. Among them, the shimeji mushroom strain Beidou No. 18 and the strain NN-12 were obtained from commercial products.
  • the present invention also protects a kind of spores of shiitake mushroom, which are spores obtained after culturing the above-mentioned Finc-B-8031.
  • the present invention also protects the application of the above-mentioned Finc-B-8031 strain in breeding, and the Finc-B-8031 is used as a parent for breeding.
  • the present invention also protects another application of the above-mentioned Finc-B-8031 strain in cross-breeding, which is cross-breeding with the Finc-B-8031 as a parent.
  • the present invention also protects another application of the above-mentioned shiitake mushroom strain in cross-breeding, performing molecular editing and breeding on the Finc-B-8031.
  • the present invention also provides a mycelium of A. chinensis, which is the mycelium obtained by culturing the above-mentioned Finc-B-8031.
  • the present invention also provides a fruiting body of the mushroom, which is the fruiting body obtained by cultivating the above-mentioned Finc-B-8031.
  • the morphological features of the Finc-B-8031 shiitake mushroom fruiting body of the present invention are: mushroom cap, the shape of the longitudinal section is round, the number of surface spots is medium, the size of the spots is medium to large, the distribution state of the spots is all, the spot definition is strong, The diameter is medium to large, the main color of the middle is brown, the main color of the edge is light brown, the thickness is medium to thick; the gills, the color is light orange, the arrangement is radial, the density is medium; the stipe, the length is medium to thick Long, medium in diameter, grayish-white in color, with very few hairs; fruiting body, in clustered state, high yield, large in number, and no to very weak bitterness.
  • the present invention also protects the application of the fruiting bodies of the above-mentioned shimeji mushrooms in food processing.
  • the fruiting body of Finc-B-8031 is made into dried mushroom, mushroom powder, fried mushroom, seasoning and so on.
  • the specific breeding method of the Finc-B-8031 is as follows:
  • each culture medium formula is respectively:
  • Mother seed medium 200 g of potato, 20 g of glucose, and 20 g of agar per 1 L of medium.
  • Original seed culture medium including 38-40% original seed culture material and 60-62% water by mass percentage, said original seed culture material including 55-70% sawdust, 15-20% rice bran, Bran 5-10% and corn flour 8-35%.
  • Cultivated seed medium including 34-36% of cultivated seed culture material and 64-66% of water by mass percentage, said cultivated seed culture material including 20-30% of corncob, 15-25% of miscellaneous sawdust by mass percentage %, rice bran 15-20%, bran 10-12%, soybean meal 10-13%, corn flour 5% and cottonseed hull 15-25%.
  • Cultivation and screening the obtained heterozygotes are subjected to cultivation tests according to conventional methods, and a target strain is obtained from the above-mentioned 872 heterozygotes through systematic screening, and the strain is named as Finc-B-8031. Characters are good, especially its short cultivation period and long preservation time.
  • the present invention takes the Finc-B-8031 strain Finc-B-8031, the strain Beidou No. 18 and the strain NN-12 as the test materials, and the test method refers to the NY/T 1845 edible fungus strains to distinguish the antagonism reaction.
  • Strain Finc-B-8031 was inoculated and cultured with strain Beidou No. 18 and strain NN-12 respectively on the plate medium. The test results are shown in Table 1.
  • the antagonism experiment showed that the strain Finc-B-8031 was different from the strain Beidou No. 18 and the strain NN-12.
  • strain Finc-B-8031 of the present invention is a crab-flavored mushroom
  • the present embodiment compares the cultivation cycle, unit yield and fresh-keeping period with NN-12, which is the most widely planted among the existing crab-flavored mushroom varieties. Invented the advantages and characteristics of the Finc-B-8031 strain of shimeji mushroom.
  • the cultivation conditions adopted in this example are as follows:
  • culture medium please refer to the culture medium, which will not be repeated here.
  • Culture conditions temperature 21-27°C, humidity 75%, CO 2 concentration 2500-4000 ppm.
  • the culture period is the number of days from inoculation to the scratching bacteria.
  • the temperature of the cultivation room is set to 13 ⁇ 17°C, the humidity is 92 ⁇ 99%, the CO 2 concentration is 1000 ⁇ 2000ppm, the light intensity is 50 ⁇ 100Lux for the first 1 ⁇ 7 days, and the light intensity is 200 ⁇ 300Lux every day.
  • the cultivation period is the number of days from scratching the bacteria to harvesting.
  • This batch is a culture cycle gradient experiment, and the culture cycles are 70 days, 75 days, 80 days, and 85 days, respectively, wherein the culture cycle refers to the time from inoculation to scratching the bacteria.
  • Figure 1 shows the comparison data of the unit yield and cultivation period of the two strains of Finc-B-8031 and NN-12. It can be seen from Figure 1 that when the batch cultivation period is 80 days, the unit yield of the strain Finc-B-8031 is the highest, and the cultivation period is At 85 days, the cultivation period of Finc-B-8031 was the shortest, and the cultivation period refers to the time from scratching the bacteria to harvesting the fruit bodies. By comparison, in the culture period of 70 days to 85 days, the cultivation period of strain Finc-B-8031 is shorter than that of strain NN-12, and the unit yield of strain Finc-B-8031 is higher than that of strain NN-12.
  • Fig. 2 is a comparison chart of the fresh-keeping period of the two strains. It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the fresh-keeping period of the strain Finc-B-8031 is longer than that of the strain NN-12 in the culture period of 70 days to 85 days.
  • the cultivation period of the second batch of experiments was 77 days. It can be seen from Figure 3 that the cultivation period of strain Finc-B-8031 is shorter than that of strain NN-12.
  • the unit yield is high. It can be seen from Figure 5 that the unit yield of strain Finc-B-8031 is concentrated in the range of 220-239g/bottle, and the unit yield of strain NN-12 is concentrated in the range of 180-209g/bottle.
  • the yield potential of strain Finc-B-803 was higher than that of strain NN-12 under medium conditions, culture conditions and cultivation conditions. It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the fresh-keeping period of strain Finc-B-8031 is longer than that of strain NN-12.
  • the culture period of the third batch of experiments was 74 days. It can be seen from Fig. 7 that the cultivation period of the strain Finc-B-8031 is shorter than that of the strain NN-12. It can be seen from Fig. 8 that the yield of the strain Finc-B-8031 is higher than that of the strain NN-12. It can be seen from Fig. 9 that the strain Finc-B The yield of -8031 is concentrated in the range of 220-239g/bottle, and the yield of strain NN-12 is concentrated in the range of 170-199g/bottle. Under the existing medium conditions, culture conditions and cultivation conditions, strain Finc -B-8031 has higher yield potential than strain NN-12. It can be seen from Fig. 10 that the fresh-keeping period of the strain Finc-B-8031 is longer than that of the strain NN-12.
  • strain Finc-B-8031 has a shorter cultivation period, longer fresh-keeping period and higher unit yield than the strain NN-12.
  • the yield potential of strain Finc-B-8031 was higher than that of strain NN-12 under conditions, cultivation conditions and cultivation conditions.
  • strain Finc-B-8031 and strain NN-12 were inoculated on PDA medium, and cultured at 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C and 30°C, respectively.
  • the measurement results are shown in Figure 11.
  • the results showed that the hyphae of strain Finc-B-8031 and strain NN-12 grew fastest at about 25°C.
  • Strain Finc-B-8031 records the morphological characteristics of its fruiting bodies with a cultivation period of 77 days and 21 days of cultivation, while strain NN-12 records the morphological characteristics of its fruiting bodies with a cultivation period of 85 days and 22 days of cultivation, as shown in Table 2.
  • the morphological difference between strain Finc-B-8031 and strain NN-12 is obvious.
  • strain Finc-B-8031 has fewer spots on the surface of mushroom cap than strain NN-12, with larger spots, stronger spot definition, and higher fruit body yield. The number of sub-entities is high.
  • the Finc-B-8031 strain Finc-B-8031 provided by the present invention has excellent comprehensive properties, broad market prospects, and has the following advantages:
  • the cultivation period is short, which improves the conversion efficiency of raw materials and the production efficiency of the factory, and saves energy and reduces consumption;

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种真姬菇菌株、孢子、子实体及其应用，菌株名称为Finc-B-8031，属于真姬菇，保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心，地址：北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号，保藏编号为CGMCC No.21448，保藏日期为2021年01月05日。本发明提供的真姬菇菌株解决了现有技术中菌株栽培周期长、保鲜期短，无法满足市场需求的问题。

Description

一种真姬菇菌株、孢子、子实体及其应用 技术领域
本发明属于食用菌领域，涉及一种真姬菇菌株、孢子、子实体及其应用。
背景技术
真姬菇(拉丁学名为Hypsizygus marmoreus(Peck)Bigelow)隶属担子菌亚门、层菌纲、伞菌目、白蘑科、玉蕈属。因它具有独特的蟹鲜味，故又称它为蟹味菇、海鲜菇等。目前工厂化生产的真姬菇主要有褐色和纯白色两种，一般称褐色真姬菇为蟹味菇，白色真姬菇为白玉菇。
真姬菇所含营养成分丰富而全面，并具有抗高血压、抗癌、抗氧化等作用。因其含有丰富的维生素、氨基酸、矿物质等，营养价值高、味道鲜美，深受广大消费者的喜爱。
国内外不同的企业主栽品种不同，比如日本食用菌龙头企业北斗株式会社(ホクト株式会社)主栽蟹味菇品种北斗18号(日本品种登录名称：ホクト18号菌)，主栽白玉菇品种为北斗白1号(日本品种登录名称：ホクト白1号菌，以下简称W-1)，上海丰科生物科技股份有限公司主栽白玉菇品种Finc-W-247等。国内广泛种植的蟹味菇菌株为NN-12、NN-11[来源：一般社団法人長野県農村工業研究所，中野市農業協同組合(日文名称)]，其中NN-12市场上最为常见，它们都具备子实体形状好，菇盖大小均一、花纹均一、菇型适合盒装且不苦的优点，然而，它们栽培周期长，影响生产效率和成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种真姬菇菌株、孢子、子实体及其应用，旨在解决现有技术中菌株栽培周期长、保鲜期短，无法满足市场 需求的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种真姬菇菌株，名称为Finc-B-8031，属于真姬菇，保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心，地址：北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号，保藏编号为CGMCC No.21448，保藏日期为2021年01月05日。
本发明还提供一种真姬菇孢子，为培养上述Finc-B-8031后得到的孢子。
本发明还提供了上述真姬菇菌株在育种中的应用，以所述Finc-B-8031作为亲本进行育种。
本发明还提供了上述真姬菇菌株在杂交育种中的另一应用，以所述Finc-B-8031作为亲本进行杂交育种。
本发明还提供了上述真姬菇菌株在杂交育种中的又一应用，对所述Finc-B-8031进行分子编辑育种。
本发明还提供了一种真姬菇菌丝体，为培养上述Finc-B-8031得到的菌丝体。
本发明还提供了一种真姬菇子实体，为栽培上述Finc-B-8031得到的子实体。
本发明还保护上述真姬菇子实体在食品加工中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种上述的真姬菇菌株的获取方法，选取真姬菇菌株北斗18号和菌株NN-12为作为亲本，经杂交选育获得所述Finc-B-8031。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031具有如下优点：
1、单产高，生物学转化率高，经济效益高；
2、栽培周期短，提高了原材料的转化效率和工厂的生产效率并且节能降耗；
3、保鲜期长，利于长途运输、延长了货架期，对于商业推广意义重大；
综上所述，Finc-B-8031的综合性状优异，市场前景广阔。
附图说明
图1是本发明一实施例提供的真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031与现有技术中的NN-12菌株的单产与栽培周期对比数据图；
图2是本发明一实施例提供的真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031与现有技术中的NN-12菌株的保鲜周期对比数据图；
图3是本发明一实施例提供的真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031与现有技术中的NN-12菌株在培养周期77天的情况下的栽培周期对比数据图；
图4是本发明一实施例提供的真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031与现有技术中的NN-12菌株在培养周期77天的情况下的单产对比数据图；
图5是本发明一实施例提供的真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031与现有技术中的NN-12菌株在培养周期77天的情况下的单产分布数据图；
图6是本发明一实施例提供的真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031与现有技术中的NN-12菌株在培养周期77天的情况下的保鲜周期对比数据图；
图7是本发明一实施例提供的真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031与现有技术中的NN-12菌株在培养周期74天的情况下的栽培周期对比数据图；
图8是本发明一实施例提供的真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031与现有技术中的NN-12菌株在培养周期74天的情况下的单产对比数据图；
图9是本发明一实施例提供的真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031与现有技术中的NN-12菌株在培养周期74天的情况下的单产分布数据图；
图10是本发明一实施例提供的真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031与现有技术中的NN-12菌株在培养周期74天的情况下的保鲜周期对比数据图；
图11是本发明一实施例提供的真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031与现有技术中的NN-12菌株的菌丝生长速度对比图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明提出的一种真姬菇菌株、孢 子、子实体及其应用作进一步详细说明。根据下面的说明，本发明的优点和特征将更清楚。需说明的是，附图均采用非常简化的形式且均使用非精准的比例，仅用以方便、明晰地辅助说明本发明实施例的目的。下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
本发明提供了一种真姬菇菌株，名称为Finc-B-8031，属于真姬菇(Hypsizygus marmoreus(Peck)Bigelow)，保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心，地址：北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号，保藏编号为CGMCC No.21448，保藏日期为2021年01月05日。
本发明提供的真姬菇菌株是通过选取真姬菇菌株北斗18号和菌株NN-12作为亲本，经常规杂交、然后选育获得所述Finc-B-8031。其中，真姬菇菌株北斗18号和菌株NN-12均来自市购商品。
本发明还保护一种真姬菇孢子，为培养上述Finc-B-8031后得到的孢子。
本发明还保护上述真姬菇菌株在育种中的应用，以所述Finc-B-8031作为亲本进行育种。
本发明还保护上述真姬菇菌株在杂交育种中的另一应用，以所述Finc-B-8031作为亲本进行杂交育种。
本发明还保护上述真姬菇菌株在杂交育种中的又一应用，对所述Finc-B-8031进行分子编辑育种。
本发明还提供了一种真姬菇菌丝体，为培养上述Finc-B-8031得到的菌丝体。
本发明还提供了一种真姬菇子实体，为栽培上述Finc-B-8031得到的子实体。
本发明的Finc-B-8031真姬菇子实体的形态特征为：菇盖，纵切面形状为圆形，表面斑点数量中等，斑点大小中到大，斑点分布状态 为全部，斑点清晰度强，直径为中到大，中部主要颜色为褐色，边缘主要颜色为浅褐色，厚度为中到厚；菌褶，颜色为浅橙黄色，排列方式为放射状，密度为中等；菌柄，长度为中到长，直径为中等，颜色为灰白色，绒毛极少；子实体，着生状态为簇生型，产量高，数量多，苦味为无到极弱。
本发明还保护上述真姬菇子实体在食品加工中的应用。比如将真姬菇Finc-B-8031的子实体做成菌菇干、菌菇粉、油炸菌菇、调味料等。
为了进一步凸显本发明提供的真姬菇菌株的优势，以下通过几个试验来对菌株及其应用进行进一步的详细的对比说明。
实施例1 所述Finc-B-8031的杂交选育
在本实施例中，所述Finc-B-8031的具体选育方法如下：
1)选择亲本菌株：选取菌株北斗18号和菌株NN-12为亲本，其中菌株北斗18号和菌株NN-12均来自市购商品；
2)配制母种培养基、原种培养基和栽培种培养基：各培养基配方分别为：
母种培养基(PDA培养基)：每1L培养基用马铃薯200g，葡萄糖20g，琼脂20g。
原种培养基：按质量百分比计包括38～40％的原种培养料和60～62％的水，所述原种培养料按质量百分比计包括木屑55～70％、米糠15～20％、麸皮5～10％和玉米粉8～35％。
栽培种培养基：按质量百分比计包括34～36％的栽培种培养料和64～66％的水，所述栽培种培养料按质量百分比计包括玉米芯20～30％、杂木屑15～25％、米糠15～20％、麸皮10～12％，大豆粕10～13％，玉米粉5％和棉籽壳15～25％。
3)采用常规的杂交育种方法获得杂合子若干个，例如可以为872个；
4)栽培与筛选：把获得的杂合子根据常规的方法进行栽培试验， 通过系统筛选，从上述872个杂合子中，获得一个目标菌株，将该菌株命名为Finc-B-8031，它的综合性状好，特别是它栽培周期短、保鲜时间长。
实施例2 拮抗实验
以本发明真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031、菌株北斗18号和菌株NN-12为试验材料，试验方法参照NY/T 1845食用菌菌种区别性鉴定拮抗反应。
菌株Finc-B-8031分别与菌株北斗18号和菌株NN-12在平板培养基上对峙接种和培养，试验结果请参阅表1。
表1 不同真姬菇菌株间拮抗试验
品种 北斗18号 NN-12
Finc-B-8031 + +
注：“+”表明有拮抗现象。
拮抗实验表明：菌株Finc-B-8031是与菌株北斗18号和菌株NN-12是不同的真姬菇菌株。
实施例3 培养周期和保鲜实验
因为本发明真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031是蟹味菇，所以本实施例通过与现有蟹味菇品种中种植最广泛的NN-12进行栽培周期及单产、保鲜期进行对比，总结本发明真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031的优势和特点。
本实施例采用的栽培条件如下：
培养基参见栽培种培养基，不再赘述。
栽培瓶容积：850mL。
培养条件：温度21～27℃，湿度75％，CO 2浓度2500～4000ppm。培养周期为接种到搔菌的天数。
栽培条件：栽培室温度设定为13～17℃，湿度92～99％，CO 2浓度1000～2000ppm，前1～7天光照强度50～100Lux，之后光照强 度200～300Lux，每天间隙式开启层架灯，菇盖接近成熟时采收。栽培周期为搔菌到采收的天数。
保鲜实验：合适的栽培周期后，采菇，通用的150g/盒包装，然后放置在3～8℃的冷库环境，2周后，每隔一周观察新鲜情况，根据市场对新鲜度的要求，记录每盒菇的保鲜期。保鲜期为采菇到无商品价值的天数。
第一批次实验：
该批次是培养周期梯度实验，培养周期分别为70天、75天、80天、和85天，其中培养周期指接种后到搔菌的时间。图1为Finc-B-8031与NN-12两种菌株的单产与栽培周期对比数据，通过图1可知，该批次培养周期为80天时，菌株Finc-B-8031的单产最高，培养周期为85天时，Finc-B-8031的栽培周期最短，栽培周期指搔菌后至子实体采收的时间。通过对比可知，在70天到85天的培养周期内，菌株Finc-B-8031比菌株NN-12的栽培周期都短，同时菌株Finc-B-8031比菌株NN-12的单产都高。
图2为两种菌株的保鲜周期对比图，通过图2可知，在70天到85天的培养周期内，菌株Finc-B-8031比菌株NN-12的保鲜期都长。
第二批次实验：
第二批次实验的培养周期为77天，通过图3可知，菌株Finc-B-8031比菌株NN-12的栽培周期短，通过图4可知，菌株Finc-B-8031比菌株NN-12的单产高，通过图5可知，菌株Finc-B-8031的单产在220-239g/瓶的范围内集中分布，菌株NN-12的单产在180-209g/瓶的范围内集中分布，在现有的培养基条件、培养条件和栽培条件下菌株Finc-B-803比菌株NN-12的单产潜力高。通过图6可知，菌株Finc-B-8031比菌株NN-12的保鲜期长。
第三批次实验：
第三批次实验的培养周期为74天。通过图7可知，菌株Finc-B-8031比菌株NN-12的栽培周期短，通过图8可知，菌株 Finc-B-8031比菌株NN-12的单产高，通过图9可知，菌株Finc-B-8031的单产在220-239g/瓶的范围内集中分布，菌株NN-12的单产在170-199g/瓶的范围内集中分布，在现有的培养基条件、培养条件和栽培条件下菌株Finc-B-8031比菌株NN-12的单产潜力高。通过图10可知，菌株Finc-B-8031比菌株NN-12的保鲜期长。
综合以上三批实验可知，在70天-85天的培养周期范围内，菌株Finc-B-8031比菌株NN-12的栽培周期短、保鲜期长，单产高，在前面所提到的培养基条件、培养条件和栽培条件下菌株Finc-B-8031比菌株NN-12的单产潜力高。
实施例4 菌丝生长速度的温度梯度试验
把菌株Finc-B-8031和菌株NN-12直径为3.0mm的接种块接种到PDA培养基上，分别于10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃培养，测量结果见图11。结果表明：菌株Finc-B-8031和菌株NN-12的菌丝在25℃左右，生长速度最快。
实施例5 形态特征
菌株Finc-B-8031记录的是其培养周期77天，栽培21天的子实体形态特征，菌株NN-12记录的是其培养周期85天，栽培22天的子实体形态特征，如表2所示，菌株Finc-B-8031和菌株NN-12的形态差异明显，比如菌株Finc-B-8031比菌株NN-12菇盖表面斑点数量少，斑点大，斑点清晰度强，子实体产量高，子实体数量多等。
表2 菌株Finc-B-8031与菌株NN-12形态特征对比
Figure PCTCN2022073670-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022073670-appb-000002
综上所述，本发明提供的一种真姬菇菌株Finc-B-8031综合性状优异，市场前景广阔，具有如下优点：
1、单产高，生物学转化率高，经济效益高；
2、栽培周期短，提高了原材料的转化效率和工厂的生产效率并且节能降耗；
3、保鲜期长，利于长途运输、延长了货架期，对于商业推广意义重大。
上述描述仅是对本发明较佳实施例的描述，并非对本发明范围的任何限定，本发明领域的普通技术人员根据上述揭示内容做的任何变更、修饰，均属于权利要求书的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种真姬菇菌株，其特征在于，名称为Finc-B-8031，属于真姬菇，保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心，地址：北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号，保藏编号为CGMCC No.21448，保藏日期为2021年01月05日。
  2. 一种真姬菇孢子，其特征在于，为培养权利要求1所述Finc-B-8031后得到的孢子。
  3. 权利要求1所述真姬菇菌株在育种中的应用，其特征在于，以所述Finc-B-8031作为亲本进行育种。
  4. 权利要求1所述真姬菇菌株在杂交育种中的应用，其特征在于，以所述Finc-B-8031作为亲本进行杂交育种。
  5. 权利要求1所述真姬菇菌株在育种中的应用，其特征在于，对所述Finc-B-8031进行分子编辑育种。
  6. 一种真姬菇菌丝体，其特征在于，为培养权利要求1所述Finc-B-8031得到的菌丝体。
  7. 一种真姬菇子实体，其特征在于，为栽培权利要求1所述Finc-B-8031得到的子实体。
  8. 权利要求7所述真姬菇子实体在食品加工中的应用。
  9. 一种如权利要求1所述的真姬菇菌株的获取方法，其特征在于，选取真姬菇菌株北斗18号和菌株NN-12为作为亲本，经杂交选育获得所述Finc-B-8031。
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