WO2022163094A1 - 搬送装置、搬送システム及び搬送装置の制御方法 - Google Patents
搬送装置、搬送システム及び搬送装置の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022163094A1 WO2022163094A1 PCT/JP2021/042901 JP2021042901W WO2022163094A1 WO 2022163094 A1 WO2022163094 A1 WO 2022163094A1 JP 2021042901 W JP2021042901 W JP 2021042901W WO 2022163094 A1 WO2022163094 A1 WO 2022163094A1
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- acceleration
- conveying device
- target speed
- moving
- movement
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 301
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 16
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- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 167
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G1/00—Storing articles, individually or in orderly arrangement, in warehouses or magazines
- B65G1/02—Storage devices
- B65G1/04—Storage devices mechanical
- B65G1/0492—Storage devices mechanical with cars adapted to travel in storage aisles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0212—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory
- G05D1/0223—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory involving speed control of the vehicle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G1/00—Storing articles, individually or in orderly arrangement, in warehouses or magazines
- B65G1/02—Storage devices
- B65G1/04—Storage devices mechanical
- B65G1/137—Storage devices mechanical with arrangements or automatic control means for selecting which articles are to be removed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G1/00—Storing articles, individually or in orderly arrangement, in warehouses or magazines
- B65G1/02—Storage devices
- B65G1/04—Storage devices mechanical
- B65G1/137—Storage devices mechanical with arrangements or automatic control means for selecting which articles are to be removed
- B65G1/1373—Storage devices mechanical with arrangements or automatic control means for selecting which articles are to be removed for fulfilling orders in warehouses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0212—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory
- G05D1/0214—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles with means for defining a desired trajectory in accordance with safety or protection criteria, e.g. avoiding hazardous areas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/60—Intended control result
- G05D1/65—Following a desired speed profile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D2105/00—Specific applications of the controlled vehicles
- G05D2105/20—Specific applications of the controlled vehicles for transportation
- G05D2105/28—Specific applications of the controlled vehicles for transportation of freight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D2107/00—Specific environments of the controlled vehicles
- G05D2107/70—Industrial sites, e.g. warehouses or factories
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D2109/00—Types of controlled vehicles
- G05D2109/10—Land vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transport device, a transport system, and a control method for the transport device.
- the delivered items are stored, and when an order is received, the corresponding item is taken out, packed, and shipped to the customer.
- a large amount of labor is required to move an article, but labor can be saved by adopting a transport system that transports an article using an unmanned guided vehicle.
- a transport device having driving wheels and auxiliary wheels automatically travels to a designated shelf position, and after loading the shelf containing the articles on the table on the transport device,
- a system that transports to the picking station There is a system that transports to the picking station.
- a technology related to the transport system for example, there is a technology described in Patent Document 1.
- the transport device drives a drive wheel coupled to an electric motor with electric power from a battery, and combines a turning mode in which the transport device itself turns and a straight mode in which the transport device moves forward, and moves on the floor surface in the warehouse. move automatically.
- the driving wheel is used when starting the conveying device.
- the inventors of the present application have found the problem that the driving force applied to the apparatus is increased, and the load applied to the conveying apparatus and the floor surface is increased.
- the present invention provides a transport device, a transport system, and a method of controlling the transport device that can reduce the load on the transport device and the floor when starting the transport device after the movement mode of the transport device is switched.
- a conveying device is a conveying device for conveying an article, the conveying device including a drive section for loading and moving the article, and a control section for controlling the drive section, wherein the conveying device can move in a plurality of movement modes including a movement mode in which the article moves straight in a predetermined direction and a movement mode in which the conveying device rotates in a different direction, and the controller controls the article With respect to the acceleration condition when the transport device loaded with the is moving from a stopped state, when the transport device moves in the same movement mode as the movement mode before stopping among the plurality of movement modes, a first acceleration Alternatively, when the driving unit is controlled to accelerate under a first acceleration condition including a first target speed, and the vehicle moves in a moving mode different from the moving mode before stopping among the plurality of moving modes, the first or a second target speed that is less than the first target speed.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows an example of a structure of a conveying system. It is a perspective view which shows an example of a conveying apparatus and a shelf. It is a bottom view which shows an example of a conveying apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which a conveying apparatus conveys a shelf. It is a figure which shows an example of order information. It is a figure which shows an example of inventory information. It is a figure which shows an example of shelf information. It is a figure which shows an example of floor information. It is a figure which shows an example of map information. It is a figure which shows an example of apparatus information.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of processing performed by a warehouse control device; 4 is a flow chart showing an example of processing performed by a transport device; It is a figure which shows an example of the movement pattern of the conveying apparatus which combined straight mode and turning mode. It is a figure which shows an example of the movement pattern of the conveying apparatus which combined straight mode and temporary stop.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view from above showing an example of a training wheel in the case of switching from the straight mode to the straight mode after turning 90° in the turning mode.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view from above showing an example of the trajectory of the auxiliary wheels after turning 90° in the turning mode from the straight traveling mode; FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view from above showing an example of the trajectory of the training wheels when starting in the straight mode after turning 90° in the turning mode; 4 is a graph showing an example of acceleration switching patterns in Example 1.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing an example of switching patterns between acceleration and target speed in Example 2.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing an example of acceleration switching patterns in Example 3.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a transport system according to the first embodiment.
- the transport system of this embodiment includes a warehouse control device 100 , a network 90 , and a plurality of transport devices 1 connected to the warehouse control device 100 via the network 90 .
- the warehouse control device 100 transmits to the transport device 1 a transport command designating the shelf to be transported by the transport device 1 and the picking station of the transport destination, and causes the transport device 1 to transport automatically.
- the warehouse control device 100 is a computer including an arithmetic device 110, a memory 120, an input device 130, an output device 140, a storage device 150, and a communication interface 170.
- the storage device 150 has a non-volatile storage medium and stores programs executed by the arithmetic device 110 and data used by the programs.
- a route creation program 161 a data input/output program 162, a data analysis program 163, and a transport device control program 164 are stored in the storage device 150, and the arithmetic device 110 loads necessary programs into the memory 120. to run.
- Examples of data stored in the storage device 150 include order information 200, inventory information 220, shelf information 230, floor information 240, map information 250, device information 260, route data 270, and measurement data.
- Data 280 is stored.
- the route creation program 161 calculates the route along which the transport device 1 moves.
- the route creation program 161 calculates the route along which the conveying device 1 moves from, for example, the position of the article (or product) to be picked and the position of the destination picking station.
- the data input/output program 162 receives order information, receives sensor data from the conveying apparatus 1, and outputs information on articles to be picked.
- the data analysis program 163 analyzes the state of the floor along the path along which the transport device 1 has moved, and updates the floor information 240 when the sensor data is an image or video of the floor. Based on the route calculated by the route creation program 161, the floor information 240, the status of the transport device 1, and the like, the transport device control program 164 instructs the available shelves and articles to be transported to the transport device 1, and the transport destination. .
- the order information 200 is information of an order requesting shipment of goods, and stores information of goods to be picked.
- the inventory information 220 stores information regarding the inventory of articles, such as information on shelves where articles are arranged, arrangement positions within the shelves, quantity, weight, and the like.
- the shelf information 230 stores information such as the position and weight of the shelf.
- the floor information 240 stores information indicating the state of the floor for each floor area.
- the map information 250 stores map information in the warehouse.
- the device information 260 stores identification information (identifiers), positions, operating states, and the like for each transport device 1 .
- the route data 270 stores route information for each transport device 1 .
- the measurement data 280 stores sensor data, position information, and the like received from each transport device 1 .
- the input device 130 is composed of a keyboard, mouse, touch panel, or the like.
- the output device 140 is configured by a display or the like.
- the communication interface 170 communicates with the transport apparatus 1 and other computers via the network 90 .
- the transport device 1 automatically transports the shelves loaded with articles in accordance with commands from the warehouse control device 100.
- the transport device 1 is an automatic transport device having a control device (control section) 2 , a storage device 4 , a driving device (driving section) 3 , a sensor 5 and a communication interface 6 .
- the control device 2 includes an arithmetic device 21 and a memory 22.
- a self-position estimation program 23 , a travel control program 24 , a measurement program 25 and a communication program 26 are loaded into the memory 22 and executed by the arithmetic unit 21 .
- the arithmetic unit 21 is composed of a microcomputer and a processor.
- the self-position estimation program 23 calculates the position of the transport device 1 based on sensor data (for example, image data) obtained from the sensor 5.
- the travel control program 24 controls the drive device 3 based on the current position of the transport device 1 and the route data received from the warehouse control device 100 .
- the measurement program 25 acquires sensor data from the sensor 5 and outputs it to the warehouse control device 100.
- the communication program 26 communicates with the warehouse control device 100 via the network 90 .
- the storage device 4 is composed of a non-volatile storage medium and stores each program and data used by each program. Examples of data include route data 41 , map information 42 , measurement data 43 , device information 44 , travel record data 45 , and floor information 46 .
- the route data 41 stores the route data received from the warehouse control device 100.
- the map information 42 stores the map information 250 received from the warehouse control device 100 .
- the measurement data 43 stores sensor data acquired by the sensor 5 .
- the device information 44 stores the identifier (device ID) of the conveying device 1, the state of the device, information on the presence or absence of loading on the shelf, the position of the device, the remaining battery charge, and the like.
- the device information 44 may be information equivalent to the information about the conveying device 1 in the device information 260 (FIG. 10).
- the travel record data 45 stores a history such as the path traveled by the conveying apparatus 1, the state (vibration) of the floor surface for each area, and the mode of movement.
- the floor information 46 stores the floor information 240 received from the warehouse control device 100.
- the control device 2 can determine acceleration conditions for the transport device 1 based on information about the state of the floor on which the transport device 1 moves.
- the driving device 3 supplies electric power to the truck 31, the driving wheels 33, the table 32, the auxiliary wheels (casters) 34, the motor 38 as a power source for driving the driving wheels 33 and the table 32, and the motor 38.
- a battery 39 is included. The configuration of the driving device 3 will be described later.
- the motor 38 for driving the driving wheels 33 and the table 32 can be composed of independent motors.
- the sensor 5 is composed of a camera that photographs the floor, an acceleration sensor that detects vibration, and the like.
- position information and route information such as marks are attached to the floor surface
- the current position can be specified by photographing the floor surface with a camera as the sensor 5 and identifying the marks with the self-position estimation program 23.
- An acceleration sensor as the sensor 5 detects vibration (acceleration) of the transport device 1, and the measurement program 25 can notify the warehouse control device 100 of the magnitude of the vibration as the state of the floor surface.
- the computing device 21 operates as a functional unit that provides a predetermined function by executing processing according to the program of each functional unit.
- the arithmetic unit 21 functions as a travel control unit by executing processing according to the travel control program 24 . The same is true for other programs. Further, the arithmetic unit 21 also operates as a functional unit that provides functions of multiple processes executed by each program.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of the conveying device 1 and the shelf 7.
- the conveying device 1 is an automatic traveling device including a rectangular parallelepiped carriage 31 that can move straight and turn, and a table 32 that is arranged on the upper surface of the carriage 31 and can move up and down and turn.
- the carrier device 1 may be, for example, an automated guided vehicle (AGV) or an autonomous mobile robot (AMR). Bumpers 35 are arranged on the sides of the carriage 31 in the forward direction.
- AGV automated guided vehicle
- AMR autonomous mobile robot
- the shelf 7 for storing articles (or products) is composed of a rectangular parallelepiped having a pair of openings on the side surfaces, and includes a bottom plate 72 supported by legs 71 at a predetermined height from the floor surface, and a 1 on which articles are placed.
- the above shelf board 73 is arranged.
- the transport device 1 After moving the carriage 31 below the bottom plate 72 of the shelf 7 with the table 32 lowered, the transport device 1 raises the table 32 to lift the shelf 7 .
- the transport device 1 transports the shelf 7 by causing the cart 31 to travel while the shelf 7 is lifted by the table 32 .
- the table 32 can turn with respect to the carriage 31, and when the carriage 31 turns on the floor surface, the orientation of the shelf 7 is maintained by rotating the table 32 relative to the carriage 31. can be used to change the traveling direction of the carriage 31 .
- the shelf 7 has two opening surfaces, so that by rotating the table 32 by 180°, different openings can be provided to the picking station.
- the structure of the shelf 7 is not limited to the illustrated example, but may be a box or pallet having openings on four sides or a hanger installed, and having a bottom plate 72 from which the table 32 can be lifted. I wish I had.
- FIG. 3 is a bottom view showing an example of the transport device 1.
- FIG. The bumper 35 side of the bottom surface of the carriage 31 faces forward, and drive wheels 33-L and 33-R are arranged on the left and right sides of the bottom surface in the front-rear direction to move the carriage 31 straight or turn.
- the symbol "33" omitting "-" is used. The same applies to the codes of other constituent elements.
- Auxiliary wheels 34-FL, 34-RL, 34-FR, and 34-RR are arranged in front and behind the drive wheels 33-L and 33-R, respectively, to support the truck 31.
- Each auxiliary wheel 34 is rotatably supported around a shaft 36 provided on the bottom surface of the carriage 31 via a holder 37 .
- Each auxiliary wheel 34 is rotatably supported on the floor by a shaft (not shown) supported by a holder 37 .
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of how the transport device 1 transports the shelf 7.
- FIG. 4 With the table 32 lowered, the transport device 1 moves the carriage 31 below the bottom plate 72 of the shelf 7 and between the legs 71, 71 (A). Next, the conveying device 1 stops the cart 31 with the table 32 facing the bottom plate 72, and then raises the table 32 to lift the bottom plate 72 to a predetermined height (B). It should be noted that the height at which the shelf 7 is lifted is sufficient as long as the carriage 31 can travel without the legs 71 of the shelf 7 coming into contact with the floor 80 .
- the transport device 1 moves to the destination picking station ST by combining the rotation of the carriage 31 and the straight movement, and moves the table so that the opening of the shelf 7 faces the picking gate 8 . 32 or carriage 31 is turned. Then, the conveying device 1 makes the worker perform the picking work in a stopped state (C).
- the worker takes out the articles to be shipped from the shelf 7 and sorts them out to the sorting shelves.
- the transport device 1 moves to a predetermined storage location where the shelf 7 is stored, and unloads the shelf 7 at the storage location. After unloading the shelf 7, the carriage 31 is moved to a predetermined standby position to wait for the next transportation work.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the order information 200.
- the order information 200 includes a serial number 201, a slip number 202, a store name 203, a store code 204, a product name 205, a product code 206, a quantity 207, a delivery date 208, and an order reception date and time 209.
- a work date and time 210 is included in one record.
- the serial number 201 is a unique number assigned by the warehouse control device 100.
- the slip number 202 is a number assigned by the warehouse control device 100 to each order.
- the store name 203 indicates the shipping destination of the article.
- the quantity 207 indicates the number of ordered products specified by the product name 205 and product code 206 in the slip number 202 of the record.
- the date and time of work 210 stores the scheduled date and time of the picking work for the product name 205 of the slip number 202 .
- the work date and time 210 is based on the customer's request (such as a request for early shipment before the delivery date) and the warehouse situation (such as when there is a reason for wanting to ship the product early). It is determined.
- the work date and time 210 may be determined by other software that cooperates with the warehouse control device 100 (for example, a warehouse management system (WMS: Warehouse Management System)) or the like, or may be set by the user.
- WMS warehouse management system
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the inventory information 220.
- the stock information 220 includes a serial number 221, a product name 222, a product code 223, a stock quantity 224, a shelf ID 225, and a shelf arrangement position 226 in one record.
- the shelf ID 225 stores the identifier of the shelf 7 on which the product is stored.
- the placement position 226 in the shelf stores information used when picking by a person or a robot at the picking station ST, for example. For example, in a record that describes "U3R2", the placement position 226 in the shelf is "the third row from the top (U) and the second position from the right (R)" on the shelf 7. Indicates that the product is placed.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the shelf information 230.
- the shelf information 230 includes serial number 231, shelf ID 232, storage position 233, shelf weight 234, and product weight 235 in one record.
- a unique identifier given to each shelf 7 is stored in the shelf ID 232 .
- the shelf ID 232 for example, an identifier given by the warehouse control device 100 may be stored.
- the storage position 233 stores the information of the position where the shelf 7 is stored, for example, the coordinates of the map information 250 are stored. When the shelf 7 is being transported, the storage position 233 stores “transporting”.
- the shelf weight 234 stores the weight of the shelf 7 itself, and the product weight 235 stores the weight of the goods (products, containers that store the products, etc.) mounted on the shelf 7 .
- the weight of the goods (shelf + product) transported by the transport device 1 is at least the sum of the "shelf weight” and the "product weight”.
- the weight and inventory number of each product may be recorded, and the weight of the transported item (shelf + product) may be calculated.
- the weight of some of the products on the shelf 7 and the products mounted on the shelf 7 may be excluded from the calculation.
- a weight sensor capable of measuring "the weight of the goods (shelf + product)" transported by the transport device 1 is installed, and after the completion of picking, the shelf 7 is returned to the storage position. Weight may be measured on occasion. At this time, the weight measured by the transport device 1 may be received by the warehouse control device 100 and recorded as the “weight of the transported article (shelf + product)” in the shelf information 230 .
- the warehouse control device 100 identifies the storage position 233 of the shelf 7 using the information of the shelf ID 225 obtained from the inventory information 220 of FIG. 6 as a key. For example, the warehouse control device 100 determines the position of the transport device 1 near the storage position of the shelf 7, the storage position 233 of the shelf 7, and the transport of the shelf 7 among the devices in the "standby" state in the transport device 1, for example.
- the moving route of the transport device 1 is calculated from the information of the picking station ST to be the destination.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the floor information 240.
- the floor information 240 includes a serial number 241, an area 242, a floor state 243, an area setting 244, and an accumulated load 245 in one record.
- the floor condition 243 stores information indicating the condition of the floor, especially the damage level. For example, it may be divided into levels such as “normal state”, “low damage level”, “medium damage level”, and “large damage level”. In addition, the floor state 243 may be, for example, "normal state”, “low damage level”, and “medium damage level” as travelable, and "large damage level” as travel disabled (prohibited travel).
- the area setting 244 When the area setting 244 is “aisle area”, it indicates that the transport device 1 can travel, and the shelf 7 can also be transported. When the area setting 244 is “shelf storage area”, it indicates an area where the shelf 7 transported by the transport device 1 is placed or an area secured as a place for placing the shelf 7 .
- the transport device 1 in a state where the shelf 7 is not transported can pass under the shelf 7, so it can travel, but the transport device 1 in a state where the shelf 7 is transported cannot move in the area where the other shelf 7 is located. Do not run to avoid collision with 7.
- the area setting 244 is "travel prohibited area"
- this is an area in which travel of the transport device 1 is restricted.
- an area with “severe damage” may be set as a “no-driving area”.
- an area where an obstacle that hinders travel is detected, an area where people or other devices work, and the like may be set as the "no travel area”.
- An area that satisfies a predetermined condition may automatically be set as the "no-travel area", or the user may set the "no-travel area”.
- the accumulated load 245 is a value obtained by accumulating the load received by the floor of the area from the transport device 1 .
- the load includes the load when the transport device 1 passes (the number of passes, the weight at the time of passage, etc.), the load when the transport device turns (the number of rotations, the weight at the time of rotation), and the acceleration or deceleration of the transport device 1. load (number of times of acceleration, weight when accelerating, number of times of deceleration, weight when decelerating, etc.).
- the cumulative load 245 may be a value calculated based on information on some or all of these loads. For example, it may be a total weight value obtained by accumulating the weight when passing.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the map information 250.
- the map information 250 is information indicating the position of an “area” specified by a row number 251 and a column number 252 . Each area is a rectangular area, and is set to one of the "passage area”, “shelf storage area”, and "travel prohibited area” according to the area setting 244 of the floor information 240 described above.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the device information 260.
- the device information 260 includes a serial number 261, a device ID 262, a device state 263, a rack presence/absence 264, a device position 265, and a remaining battery level 266 in one record.
- the device ID 262 stores a unique identifier given to each transport device 1.
- the device status 263 stores information about the status of each transport device 1 . As the state, for example, states such as “standby”, “moving”, “charging”, and “failure” are input.
- the shelf loading status 264 is information about the loading status of the shelf 7 in the transport device 1 .
- the presence/absence of loading of the shelf 264 is information indicating whether or not the shelf 7 is loaded on the table 32 of the transport device 1 .
- the warehouse control device 100 selects the transport device 1 that processes a certain transport task (instructs transport), the selection can be made based on the transport efficiency or the like. For example, even if the transport device 1 is in the "moving" state, if the current task is completed early and the next transport task (the above-mentioned certain transport task) can be processed earlier than the others. , may be selected.
- the device position 265 stores information about the position of each transport device 1 .
- the conveying device 1 uses a sensor (camera) to read information (eg, mark) attached to a predetermined position on the floor surface of each area.
- the information read by the conveying device 1 includes information about the position of the area, and the self position can be specified. Note that the self-position specifying method may be based on other techniques.
- the remaining battery capacity 266 is information about the remaining capacity of the battery 39 of each transport device 1 .
- the carrier device 1 may go to the charging station for charging when the remaining battery charge 266 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined remaining battery charge.
- the charging schedule may be determined according to the availability of charging stations (reservation status), the transportation schedule, the remaining battery capacity of each transportation device 1, and the like. For example, if many transport devices 1 are charged at the same timing, the charging station may be crowded and waiting for charging may occur. Therefore, a schedule that takes transport efficiency into consideration is desirable.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of processing performed by the warehouse control device 100.
- This processing is executed at a predetermined timing such as a predetermined period or timing when an order is received.
- the route creation program 161 sorts the order information 200 in ascending order of the work date and time 210, and performs the following processing in order from the top record (S1).
- the route creation program 161 selects the order information 200, searches the inventory information 220 from the product code 206, and determines whether there is an inventory quantity 224 or not. If there is inventory, the route creation program 161 acquires the shelf ID 225 and the arrangement position 226 within the shelf, searches the shelf information 230, and specifies the storage position 233 (S2).
- the route creation program 161 refers to the map information 250, the area setting 244 of the floor information 240, and the device information 260, and as described above, selects the transport device that maximizes the transport efficiency from the storage position 233 to the picking station ST. 1 is selected from the device information 260 .
- the picking station ST as the transport destination may be set in advance according to the shipping destination (the store name 203), or may be set in advance according to the product to be picked and the type of product.
- the route creation program 161 calculates the transport route of the transport device 1 from the map information 250, the area setting 244 of the floor information 240, the information of the storage position 233 and the picking station ST (S3).
- well-known or a well-known method can be employ
- the transport device control program 164 sends a command to the determined transport device 1 to transport the determined shelf 7 using the calculated route information (S4).
- the transport device 1 which has received a transport command from the warehouse control device 100, travels along the accepted route, loads the specified shelf 7, and transports it to a predetermined picking station ST.
- the transport device 1 loads the shelf 7, transports it to the storage location, and unloads the shelf 7 onto the floor 80. After that, the transport device 1 moves to a predetermined waiting place and ends the transport task.
- the position to which the transport device 1 returns the shelf 7 may be the original storage location, or may be stored in a different position based on the frequency of use of the shelf 7 or the like. For example, if the shelf 7 is frequently used, the transport device 1 may place the shelf 7 near the picking station ST.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of processing performed by the transport device 1.
- FIG. This processing shows an example in which the control device 2 executes the travel control program 24 to perform acceleration control, and is executed when the transport device 1 stops and then starts.
- the control device 2 of the conveying device 1 has two movement modes: a straight mode in which the driving wheels 33-L and 33-R are driven at a constant speed, and a turning mode in which the driving wheels 33-L and 33-R are rotated in opposite directions. (or transport mode) to move the carriage 31 .
- a straight mode in which the driving wheels 33-L and 33-R are driven at a constant speed
- a turning mode in which the driving wheels 33-L and 33-R are rotated in opposite directions. (or transport mode) to move the carriage 31 .
- the orientation of the shelf 7 can be maintained by turning the table 32 in the direction opposite to the turning direction of the carriage 31 . If the drive wheels 33-L and 33-R are driven at different speeds in the same rotational direction, the truck 31 can be turned while traveling.
- the turning mode in which the drive wheels 33-L and 33-R are driven in the opposite direction is the spin turn, and for example, it turns around the center of the bottom surface of the carriage 31.
- the pivot turn is simply referred to as a turn.
- the control device 2 determines the movement mode and controls the drive wheels 33 based on the route data 41 received from the warehouse control device 100 and the current position of the carriage 31 detected by the self-position estimation program 23 .
- the control device 2 determines whether or not the shelf 7 is loaded on the table 32 (S11). Regarding the presence or absence of the shelf 7, for example, a sensor for detecting articles such as the shelf 7 is provided on the table 32, and if the output of the sensor satisfies a predetermined condition, the control device 2 loads the shelf 7 on the table 32. It determines that it is, and proceeds to step S12. On the other hand, if the predetermined condition is not satisfied, the control device 2 determines that the table 32 is not loaded with the shelf 7, and proceeds to step S15.
- step S12 the control device 2 determines whether or not the previous travel mode and the next travel mode are the same. This determination is made by the control device 2 referring to the travel performance data 45 to acquire the previous travel mode and comparing the next travel mode determined based on the route data 41 . If the previous travel mode and the next travel mode are the same, the process proceeds to step S13, and if the previous travel mode and the next travel mode are different, the process proceeds to step S14.
- the control device 2 selects the maximum acceleration A to drive the driving wheels 33 or the table 32.
- the controller 2 selects the acceleration B smaller than the acceleration A to drive the drive wheels 33 or the table 32 in step S13.
- the control device 2 selects the minimum acceleration C smaller than the acceleration B to drive the drive wheels 33 or the table 32 in step S14.
- maximum acceleration A indicates that acceleration A is the maximum acceleration among acceleration A, acceleration B, and acceleration C.
- minimum acceleration C indicates that among acceleration A, acceleration B, and acceleration C, acceleration C is the minimum acceleration.
- the accelerations A to C are set in advance to the acceleration during straight running and the angular acceleration during turning.
- a predetermined acceleration A1, a predetermined acceleration B1, and a predetermined acceleration C1 may be set in advance as the acceleration A, the acceleration B, and the acceleration C during straight running.
- a predetermined angular acceleration A2, a predetermined angular acceleration B2, and a predetermined angular acceleration C2 may be set in advance.
- the acceleration during straight running (accelerations A1, B1, C1) and the acceleration during turning (angular accelerations A2, B2, C2) may be different.
- the above processing shows the case where the transport device 1 controls the acceleration mainly, and the acceleration is determined according to the movement mode based on the route data received from the warehouse control device 100 .
- the control device 2 may specify the immediately preceding travel mode from the route data 41 or from the travel record data 45 . Further, the control device 2 may determine the presence or absence of loading on the shelf 7 based on the path data received from the warehouse control device 100 or the device information 44 possessed by the transport device 1 to determine the acceleration.
- the warehouse control device 100 can determine from the route data or the device information 260 whether or not the shelf 7 is loaded on the transport device 1 , determine the acceleration, and issue a command to the transport device 1 .
- step S4 of FIG. 11 information on acceleration in movement between areas can be included in the route data and transmitted to the transport device 1.
- Acceleration information is not limited to acceleration itself, but information that can specify acceleration (eg, acceleration mode A, acceleration mode B, acceleration mode C) and information related to acceleration (eg, motor 38 of the drive device). torque, rotation speed, speed at a certain time, speed when passing through a certain area).
- the acceleration and the target speed may be controlled as acceleration conditions.
- the conveying apparatus 1 accelerates under a first acceleration condition (first acceleration and first target speed) and moves in a movement mode different from that before stopping. After that, the transport device 1 may be accelerated under a second acceleration condition (second acceleration and second target speed) that is smaller than the first acceleration condition.
- the speed threshold value it is possible to prevent the speed difference between the left and right wheels from increasing. It is possible to prevent the load from being applied to the floor surface.
- step S15 when the conveying device 1 does not load the shelf 7, the carriage 31 is accelerated at the maximum acceleration A. This is because there is no need to accelerate slowly because the load on the vehicle is small.
- the degree of damage of the floor condition 243 in the floor information 240 shown in FIG. may be used to control the acceleration. Specifically, if the degree of damage to the floor surface is large, if the accumulated load is high, or if there are unevenness (joints or steps) on the floor surface, accelerate more slowly than if there is no damage. Acceleration may be reduced immediately.
- the vehicle is slowly accelerated according to the state of the floor surface.
- efficient operation of the transport system is expected.
- the acceleration may be determined based on the weight, such as the total value of the shelf weight 234 and product weight 235 in the shelf information 230 in FIG. For example, when the weight is heavy, it may be controlled to accelerate more slowly than when it is light.
- the control device 2 when moving in the same movement mode as the movement mode before stopping among the plurality of movement modes, Control the driving device 3 to accelerate at acceleration A (third acceleration or third acceleration condition including third target speed), and move in a different movement mode from the movement mode before stopping among a plurality of movement modes. 19), which is smaller than the acceleration A, or the fourth target speed which is smaller than the third target speed. good.
- acceleration A third acceleration or third acceleration condition including third target speed
- the fourth target speed which is smaller than the third target speed. good.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view showing an example of a movement pattern of the conveying device 1 in which the straight mode and the turning mode are combined.
- the conveying device 1 goes straight, turns by 90 degrees, and then goes straight.
- the conveying device 1 When the shelf 7 is not loaded on the table 32, the conveying device 1 turns at acceleration A (angular acceleration A) to turn the carriage 31 leftward in the drawing, regardless of the previous movement mode.
- the transport apparatus 1 turns with the minimum acceleration C (angular acceleration C) because the immediately preceding movement mode is the straight advance mode and the next movement mode is switched to the turning mode. to turn the carriage 31 to the left in the figure.
- the transport device 1 moves straight from area (A, e) to area (A, c). In this case, when the shelf 7 is not loaded on the table 32, the transport device 1 moves straight with the maximum acceleration A to move the carriage 31 leftward in the figure.
- the transport device 1 is switched to the revolving mode in the previous movement mode and the straight movement mode in the next movement. Move left in the middle direction.
- the conveying apparatus 1 starts moving (or turning) with the minimum acceleration C, thereby reducing the driving force can be reduced to suppress consumption of the battery 39 .
- the load applied to the conveying device 1 and the floor surface can be reduced.
- FIG. 14 is a plan view showing an example of a movement pattern of the conveying device 1 that repeats the straight mode and pause.
- the conveying device 1 goes straight, stops once, and then goes straight again.
- the conveying device 1 moves straight ahead, stops temporarily, and moves straight forward, for example, when another conveying device 1 passes through the destination area first, the other conveying device 1 passes through the area. Pause to wait for it to do so.
- the conveying apparatus 1 is temporarily stopped.
- the transport device 1 travels straight from area (E, c) to area (C, c) and then stops. Then, go straight from area (C, c) to area (A, c).
- area (E, c) When the shelf 7 is not loaded on the table 32, it accelerates at the maximum acceleration A and moves between areas.
- the shelf 7 is loaded on the table 32, it accelerates at an intermediate acceleration B and moves between areas.
- FIG. 15 is a perspective view from above showing an example of a training wheel in the case of switching from the straight mode to the straight mode after turning 90° counterclockwise in the turning mode.
- FIGS. 15A to 15C show changes in movement of the training wheels 34 in the movement pattern of the conveying device 1 shown in FIG.
- Friction between the auxiliary wheels 34 and the floor increases when the transition from the straight mode to the turning mode is started and when the turning mode is changed to the straight mode.
- Fig. 16 is a perspective view from above showing an example of the trajectory of the training wheels when turning 90° counterclockwise in the turning mode from the straight driving mode.
- (A) to (C) in the figure show part of the trajectory of the auxiliary wheel 34 from (A) to (B) in FIG. 15 .
- each auxiliary wheel 34 stops at a position parallel to the drive wheel 33 along with the shaft 36, as shown in (A) in the figure.
- each auxiliary wheel 34 starts moving toward the circle C1 as the shaft 36 turns, as shown in (B) in the drawing.
- P0, P1, and P2 in the drawing indicate the positions of the shaft 36.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-FR which is the right front wheel, rotates on the floor while turning slightly counterclockwise of the shaft 36 toward the circle C1 from the position P0 in the drawing where it stops in the straight-ahead mode, and reaches the circle C1. It gradually moves to a position P2 along the line.
- the safety wheel 34-FR since the safety wheel 34-FR only turns slightly around the shaft 36 while rotating, there is little friction with the floor surface.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-RR which is the right rear wheel, rotates on the floor while turning slightly clockwise about the axis 36 toward the circle C1 from the position P0 where it stopped in the straight-ahead mode, and reaches the position P2 along the circle C1. move up to In this case, since the auxiliary wheels 34-RR only turn slightly around the shaft 36 while rotating, there is little friction with the floor surface.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-FL which is the left front wheel, moves to the inside of the circle C1 so as to be pushed by the shaft 36 in response to the turning of the shaft 36 along the circle C1 at the position P0 in FIG. While rotating the shaft 36 clockwise, it follows the radial direction of the circle C1 at the position P1.
- auxiliary wheel 34-FL turns clockwise about the shaft 36 while being pulled by the shaft 36 from the position P1 in accordance with the turning of the shaft 36 along the circle C1. Then, when the shaft 36 turns on the circle C1 to the position P2, the auxiliary wheel 34-FL finally rotates toward the circle C1.
- the safety wheel 34-FL is pushed by the shaft 36 from position P0 to position P1, rotates clockwise about the shaft 36 and is pushed inside the circle C1, and is pushed inside the circle C1 from position P1 to position P2. Rotate clockwise about axis 36 while being pulled by 36 . Therefore, the auxiliary wheel 34-FL turns on the floor surface without rotating, and the friction with the floor surface becomes large.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-RL which is the left rear wheel, is pushed by the shaft 36 while moving to the outside of the circle C1 in response to the turning of the shaft 36 along the circle C1 from the position P0 in the drawing where it stops in the straight-ahead mode. , orbits the axis 36 clockwise. After traveling along the radial direction of the circle C1, the auxiliary wheel 34-RL is pulled by the shaft 36 at the position P1 and turns clockwise around the shaft 36 while heading toward the circle C1.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-RL rotates while turning clockwise around the shaft 36 while being pulled by the shaft 36 from the position P1.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-RL follows the circle C1.
- the safety wheel 34-RL is pushed by the shaft 36 from the position P0 to the vicinity of the position P1, moves to the outside of the circle C1 while rotating clockwise about the shaft 36, and moves from the vicinity of the position P1 to the vicinity of the position P2. It is pulled by the shaft 36 until it rotates while rotating clockwise of the shaft 36 . Therefore, the auxiliary wheel 34-RL rotates after turning on the floor surface, and the friction with the floor surface becomes large.
- the control device 2 switches to the minimum acceleration C (angular acceleration C), thereby suppressing an increase in the driving force according to the increase in friction.
- the load on the motor 38 and the consumption of the battery 39 can be suppressed.
- the load applied to the conveying device 1 and the floor surface can be reduced.
- FIG. 17 is a perspective view from above showing an example of the trajectory of the training wheels when going straight from the turning mode to the straight running mode.
- (A) to (C) in the drawing show part of the trajectory of the auxiliary wheel 34 from (B) to (C) in FIG. 15 .
- each auxiliary wheel 34 stops at a position along the circle C1 as shown in (A) in the figure.
- each auxiliary wheel 34 is pulled by the shaft 36 and starts to move away from the circle C1 as shown in (B) in the figure.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-FR which is the right front wheel, is pulled by the shaft 36 from the position P0 in the drawing where it is stopped in the turning mode, and rotates slightly in the clockwise direction of the shaft 36 toward the inside of the truck 31 on the floor. to rotate.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-FR is pulled by the shaft 36 and gradually becomes parallel to the drive wheel 33 while moving from position P1 to position P2. Since the training wheels 34-FR only turn slightly around the shaft 36 while rotating, there is little friction between them and the floor surface.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-RR which is the right rear wheel, rotates on the floor while rotating slightly counterclockwise of the shaft 36 toward the outside of the carriage 31 from the position P0 where it stops in the straight traveling mode, and is pulled by the shaft 36. and moves to positions P1 and P2. In this case, since the auxiliary wheels 34-RR only turn slightly around the shaft 36 while rotating, there is little friction with the floor surface.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-FL which is the left front wheel, moves to the inside of the carriage 31 so as to be pushed by the shaft 36 in response to the straight movement of the shaft 36 upward in the drawing at the position P0 in the drawing where it stops in the straight traveling mode. While rotating the shaft 36 counterclockwise, it crosses the straight direction at a position P1.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-FL rotates counterclockwise of the shaft 36 while being pulled by the shaft 36 from the position P1 in accordance with the straight movement of the shaft 36.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-FL finally rotates upward in the figure.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-FL rotates in parallel with the drive wheel 33. As shown in FIG.
- the safety wheels 34-FL are pushed by the shaft 36 from the position P0 to the position P1, turn counterclockwise about the shaft 36, are pushed inward of the carriage 31, and are pushed inward from the carriage 31 from the position P1 to the position P2. It rotates counterclockwise of the shaft 36 while being pulled by the shaft 36 . Therefore, the auxiliary wheel 34-FL turns on the floor surface without rotating, and the friction with the floor surface becomes large.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-RL which is the left rear wheel, moves to the outside of the truck 31 so as to be pushed by the shaft 36 in accordance with the straight movement of the shaft 36 upward in the drawing from the position P0 in the drawing where it is stopped in the turning mode. , orbits the axis 36 counterclockwise. Then, after the auxiliary wheel 34-RL is substantially perpendicular to the straight-ahead direction at the position P1, it is pulled by the shaft 36 this time to turn the shaft 36 counterclockwise.
- auxiliary wheel 34-RL is pulled by the shaft 36 from the position P1, rotates counterclockwise of the shaft 36, and gradually moves toward the inner side of the carriage 31. Then, when the shaft 36 goes straight to the position P2, the auxiliary wheel 34-RL rotates in parallel with the drive wheel 33. As shown in FIG.
- the auxiliary wheel 34-RL is pushed by the shaft 36 from the position P0 to the vicinity of the position P1, moves to the outside of the carriage 31 while rotating counterclockwise of the shaft 36, and moves from the vicinity of the position P1 to the position P1. Up to P2, it is towed by the shaft 36, rotates while turning counterclockwise of the shaft 36, and heads toward the inside of the carriage 31. - ⁇ Therefore, the auxiliary wheel 34-RL starts rotating after turning on the floor surface, and the friction with the floor surface becomes large.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the relationship between speed and time, showing an example of acceleration switching patterns (acceleration conditions) performed by the control device 2 . As shown in FIG. 12, when the shelf 7 is not loaded, the control device 2 accelerates the carriage 31 to the target speed Vt at the maximum acceleration A ( ⁇ A in the figure).
- the control device 2 accelerates the carriage 31 to the target speed Vt at an intermediate acceleration B ( ⁇ B in the figure).
- the control device 2 moves the cart 31 up to the target speed Vt at the minimum acceleration C ( ⁇ C in the figure). to accelerate.
- the target velocity Vt shall be replaced with the target angular velocity.
- the transport device 1 of the present embodiment suppresses the acceleration when starting the transport device 1 after the movement mode is switched, thereby reducing the driving force at the time of starting and reducing the load on the motor 38. and the consumption of the battery 39 can be suppressed. Moreover, the load applied to the conveying device 1 and the floor surface can be reduced.
- control device 2 of the transport device 1 estimates the state of the floor surface for each area from the vibration (acceleration) of the running performance data 45, and starts or turns in an area where the magnitude of the vibration is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value. In this case, the acceleration C can be suppressed to the minimum even if the movement mode is not switched.
- control device 2 of the transport device 1 acquires the floor information 240 from the warehouse control device 100, and starts in an area where the floor condition 243 satisfies predetermined conditions such as "low damage level” or "medium damage level".
- predetermined conditions such as "low damage level” or "medium damage level”.
- the warehouse control device 100 updates the accumulated load 245 of the floor information 240 from the route of each transport device 1, and when the transport device 1 starts or turns in an area where the value of the accumulated load 245 exceeds a predetermined threshold value, , to switch the acceleration to the acceleration C.
- a command for switching acceleration can be added to the route data 270 .
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the relationship between speed and time, showing an example of the switching pattern of acceleration performed by the control device 2, according to the second embodiment.
- the first embodiment an example was shown in which the acceleration up to the target velocity (or target angular velocity) is switched depending on whether the shelf 7 is present and whether the movement mode is switched.
- This embodiment shows an example of switching the target velocity (target angular velocity) in addition to the acceleration.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- control device 2 accelerates the carriage 31 to the maximum acceleration A ( ⁇ A in the figure) and to the maximum target speed Vt1.
- the control device 2 accelerates the carriage 31 to the second target speed Vt2 at the second acceleration B ( ⁇ B in the figure) when the shelf 7 is loaded and there is no change from the previous movement mode. do. Then, when the shelf 7 is loaded and when the previous movement mode and the next movement mode are different, the control device 2 sets a smaller acceleration C ( ⁇ C in the figure) and a lower target speed. The truck 31 is accelerated to Vt3.
- the acceleration B and the target speed Vt2 when the shelf 7 is loaded are set as a first acceleration condition, and the acceleration C and the target speed Vt3 when the previous movement mode and the next movement mode are different are set as a second acceleration condition,
- the acceleration A and the target speed Vt1 when the shelf 7 is not loaded can be set as the third acceleration condition.
- the transport device 1 accelerates under the second acceleration condition (acceleration B, target speed Vt3), instead of accelerating at an acceleration lower than the acceleration C or lower than the target speed Vt3.
- the driving device 3 can be controlled to accelerate under acceleration conditions including the target speed.
- the target speed is replaced with the target angular speed.
- the acceleration smaller than the acceleration C may be, for example, the acceleration D of ⁇ D in the figure.
- the target speed smaller than the target speed Vt3 may be, for example, the target speed Vt4 in the figure.
- This acceleration D is the minimum acceleration among acceleration A, acceleration B, acceleration C, and acceleration D, and is sometimes referred to as "minimum acceleration D" in the following description.
- the transport device 1 when the acceleration is large, the transport device 1 also sets the target speed high to shorten the movement time of the carriage 31 to improve the transport efficiency, and when the acceleration is small, the target speed is set low. , it is possible to suppress an increase in driving force due to friction of the auxiliary wheels 34 and vibration in an area where the floor condition is poor. Moreover, the load applied to the conveying device 1 and the floor surface can be reduced.
- control device 2 can change the acceleration and the target speed according to the movement distance between areas. For example, in FIG. 9, when moving only to the next area, the vehicle may be gradually accelerated and then decelerated, and the target speed may be set low. On the other hand, the control device 2 can move at a higher speed when the moving distance between areas is sufficiently long (at least a predetermined distance or at least a predetermined number of squares).
- the entity that controls the acceleration and target speed is not limited to the transport device 1, and the warehouse control device 100 may determine the acceleration and target speed, add them to the route data, and issue a command.
- the transport device 1 may acquire the damage state of the floor surface from the floor information 46 (or the floor information 240), but if the floor surface has an accumulated running performance (cumulative load 245) that exceeds a predetermined standard, or if the floor surface has unevenness, Even when moving on a certain floor surface, instead of accelerating under the second acceleration condition as a damaged floor surface, control is performed under an acceleration condition including an acceleration smaller than the acceleration B or a target speed smaller than the target speed Vt. good too.
- FIG. 20 is a graph showing the relationship between speed and time, showing an example of a switching pattern of acceleration performed by the control device 2, according to the second embodiment.
- the acceleration up to the target velocity (or target angular velocity) is switched depending on whether the shelf 7 is present and whether the movement mode is switched.
- the acceleration is increased to shorten the time required to reach the target speed (target angular speed).
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment. Note that the maximum acceleration A and the intermediate acceleration B are the same as those in the first embodiment, so redundant description will be omitted.
- the transport device 1 drives the carriage 31 by selecting the minimum acceleration C ( ⁇ C in the figure) when the shelf 7 is loaded and the straight mode and the next movement mode are different.
- the conveying device 1 accelerates at a minimum acceleration C until the predetermined time t1 elapses, but increases the acceleration after the elapse of the predetermined time t1.
- the transport device 1 can increase the acceleration C to an intermediate acceleration B to shorten the time required for the truck 31 to reach the target speed Vt.
- the time t1 is set, for example, to the time at which the axis 36 passes through the position P2 with the minimum acceleration C, as shown in FIGS.
- the transfer device 1 increases the acceleration to B after the friction between the training wheels 34 and the floor surface decreases, thereby smoothly increasing the speed of the carriage 31 while reducing the load applied to the transfer device 1 and the floor surface.
- the acceleration when starting straight movement from a stopped state, in the section where the load due to acceleration is large (moving distance, number of moving areas, time, etc. determined), accelerate slowly and reduce the target speed, and pass the section Alternatively, if the load associated with acceleration decreases, the acceleration may be increased and the target speed may be set high.
- the conveying apparatus 1 of Examples 1 to 3 can be configured as follows.
- a conveying device (1) for conveying an article comprising a drive section (drive device 3) that loads and moves the article, and a control section (control device 2) that controls the drive section (3).
- the transport device (1) has a movement mode (straight forward mode) in which the transport device (1) moves straight in a predetermined direction, and a movement mode (turning mode) in which the transport device (1) rotates so as to face a different direction.
- the control unit (2) controls the acceleration conditions when the conveying device (1) loaded with the articles moves from a stopped state, when the conveying device (1) is a first acceleration including a first acceleration (acceleration B) or a first target velocity (Vt2) when moving in the same movement mode as the movement mode before stopping among the plurality of movement modes;
- the driving unit (3) is controlled to accelerate under certain conditions, and when moving in a moving mode different from the moving mode before stopping among the plurality of moving modes, a first acceleration (B) smaller than the first acceleration (B) controlling the drive unit (3) to accelerate under a second acceleration condition including a second acceleration (acceleration C) or a second target speed (Vt3) smaller than the first target speed (Vt2);
- a transport device characterized by:
- the transport device 1 suppresses the acceleration when starting the cart 31 after the movement mode is switched, thereby reducing the driving force at the time of starting and reducing the load on the transport device 1 and the floor surface. can be reduced.
- the drive unit (3) includes a drive wheel (33) connected to a power source (motor 38) and the conveying apparatus (1). and auxiliary wheels (34) for supporting the
- the drive section (3) can load a shelf (7) for storing the article, and the control section (2) , the acceleration condition when the conveying device (1) on which the article is not loaded moves from the stopped state is a third acceleration (B) that is greater than the first acceleration (B) regardless of the movement mode before the stop.
- the driving unit (3) is controlled to accelerate under a third acceleration condition including acceleration (acceleration A) or a third target speed (Vt1) greater than the first target speed (Vt2). and transport device.
- the transport device 1 when the shelf 7 is not loaded, the transport device 1 can move the carriage 31 at the maximum acceleration A regardless of whether the movement mode is switched or not, and the transport efficiency of the transport system is considered. It is possible to effectively reduce the load applied to the conveying device 1 and the floor surface while reducing the load.
- the control unit (2) moves from a state in which the conveying apparatus (1) without the articles (7) is stopped. with respect to the acceleration condition when the transport device (1) moves in the same movement mode as the movement mode before stopping among the plurality of movement modes, a third acceleration (B) larger than the first acceleration (B) controlling the driving unit (3) to accelerate under a third acceleration condition including acceleration (A) or a third target speed (Vt1) greater than the first target speed (Vt2);
- the fourth acceleration (D) smaller than the third acceleration (A) or smaller than the third target velocity (Vt1) when moving in a movement mode different from the movement mode before stopping among the movement modes and a fourth acceleration condition including a fourth target speed (Vt4).
- the carrier device can be used. 1 and the load on the floor can be reduced.
- the first target speed (Vt2) is set as the first acceleration condition
- the second acceleration condition is set as the second acceleration condition.
- the control unit (2) controls the driving unit (3) so that the target speed is achieved at the acceleration set in the acceleration condition.
- the transport device 1 when the movement mode is switched, the transport device 1 suppresses an increase in the driving force due to the friction of the training wheels 34 by setting the target speed for acceleration to a low value. This load can be reduced.
- a first acceleration (B) is set as the first acceleration condition
- a second acceleration is set as the second acceleration condition
- (C) is set, and the control section (2) controls the driving section (3) so as to achieve a predetermined target speed.
- the transport device 1 sets a low acceleration during acceleration to suppress an increase in the driving force due to the friction of the auxiliary wheels 34, and the driving force is applied to the transport device 1 and the floor surface. It becomes possible to reduce the load.
- the first acceleration condition is to accelerate to a first target speed (Vt2) at the first acceleration (B). and wherein the second acceleration condition is to accelerate to the second target speed (Vt3) at the second acceleration (C).
- the transport device 1 sets both the acceleration and the target speed at the time of acceleration to be low, thereby suppressing an increase in the driving force due to the friction of the training wheels 34. and the load on the floor can be reduced.
- control unit (2) controls the movement of the second acceleration (C) after a predetermined time (t1) has passed. 2.
- the transport device 1 sets the predetermined time t1 to the time required for the axis 36 to pass through the position P2 with the minimum acceleration C, or the like.
- the transfer device 1 increases the acceleration to B after the friction between the training wheels 34 and the floor surface decreases, thereby smoothly increasing the speed of the carriage 31 while reducing the load applied to the transfer device 1 and the floor surface.
- the transport device (1) according to (1) above, further comprising a storage unit (storage device 4) for storing information on the state of the floor on which the transport device (1) moves, A conveying device, wherein the control unit (2) determines an acceleration condition of the conveying device (1) based on information (floor information 46) on the state of the floor surface.
- a storage unit storage device 4 for storing information on the state of the floor on which the transport device (1) moves
- the control unit (2) determines an acceleration condition of the conveying device (1) based on information (floor information 46) on the state of the floor surface.
- the load applied to the floor surface can be reduced by changing the acceleration conditions.
- the information on the state of the floor includes information on the presence or absence of damage to the floor (floor information 46), ), regarding the acceleration conditions when the conveying device (1) loaded with the articles moves from a stopped state, when moving in a moving mode different from the moving mode before stopping among the plurality of moving modes, damage
- a conveying apparatus characterized by controlling the driving section (3) so as to accelerate under a fourth acceleration condition including:
- the load applied to the floor surface can be reduced by, for example, starting with the minimum acceleration D. .
- the information (46) on the state of the floor surface is the cumulative travel record (accumulated load 245), and the control unit (2) selects one of the plurality of movement modes for acceleration conditions when the conveying device (1) loaded with the article moves from a stopped state.
- the second acceleration condition is used.
- a conveying apparatus characterized in that the driving section (3) is controlled to accelerate under an acceleration condition including an acceleration smaller than the acceleration (C) or a target speed smaller than the second target speed (Vt3).
- the load applied to the floor surface is reduced by, for example, starting with the minimum acceleration D. can be reduced.
- the information (47) on the state of the floor includes information (243) on the presence or absence of unevenness on the floor, and the control unit (2) moves in a moving mode different from the moving mode before stopping among the plurality of moving modes with respect to an acceleration condition when the conveying device (1) loaded with the article (7) moves from a stopped state;
- acceleration smaller than the second acceleration (C) or the second target speed (Vt3) instead of accelerating under the second acceleration condition, acceleration smaller than the second acceleration (C) or the second target speed (Vt3) and controlling the drive unit (3) so as to accelerate under acceleration conditions including a target speed smaller than the target speed.
- the load applied to the floor surface is reduced by, for example, starting with the minimum acceleration D. can be reduced.
- the conveying device (1) described in (1) above stores conveyed article information (shelf information 230) including weight information (product weight 235) of articles to be loaded by the conveying device (1). , wherein the second acceleration (C) and the second target velocity (Vt3) are set based on at least the conveyed article information (230).
- the transport device 1 can reduce the load on the floor surface by, for example, starting with a small acceleration C.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications.
- the above embodiments are described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the described configurations.
- addition, deletion, or replacement of other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment can be applied singly or in combination.
- each of the above configurations, functions, processing units, processing means, etc. may be implemented in hardware, for example, by designing them in integrated circuits, in part or in whole.
- each of the above configurations, functions, etc. may be realized by software by a processor interpreting and executing a program for realizing each function.
- Information such as programs, tables, and files that implement each function can be placed in a recording device such as a memory, hard disk, SSD (Solid State Drive), or recording medium such as an IC card, SD card, or DVD.
- control lines and information lines indicate what is considered necessary for explanation, and not all control lines and information lines are necessarily indicated on the product. In practice, it may be considered that almost all configurations are interconnected.
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Abstract
Description
以上のように、上記実施例1~3の搬送装置1は、以下のような構成とすることができる。
Claims (15)
- 物品を搬送する搬送装置であって、
前記物品を積載して移動する駆動部と、
前記駆動部を制御する制御部と、を有し、
前記搬送装置は、所定の方向へ直進して移動する移動モードと、前記搬送装置が異なる方向へ向くように回転移動する移動モードとを含む複数の移動モードで移動可能であり、
前記制御部は、
前記物品を積載した前記搬送装置が停止した状態から移動する場合の加速条件について、前記搬送装置が、前記複数の移動モードのうち停止前の移動モードと同じ移動モードで移動する場合に、第1の加速度又は第1の目標速度を含む第1の加速条件で加速するように前記駆動部を制御し、
前記複数の移動モードのうち停止前の移動モードと異なる移動モードで移動する場合に、前記第1の加速度よりも小さい第2の加速度又は前記第1の目標速度よりも小さい第2の目標速度を含む第2の加速条件で加速するように前記駆動部を制御することを特徴とする搬送装置。 - 請求項1に記載の搬送装置であって、
前記駆動部は、
動力源に接続された駆動輪と、前記搬送装置を支持する補助輪と、を有することを特徴とする搬送装置。 - 請求項1に記載の搬送装置であって、
前記駆動部は、
前記物品を格納する棚を積載可能であって、
前記制御部は、
前記物品を積載していない前記搬送装置が停止した状態から移動する場合の加速条件について、
停止前の移動モードによらず、前記第1の加速度よりも大きい第3の加速度又は前記第1の目標速度よりも大きい第3の目標速度を含む第3の加速条件で加速するように前記駆動部を制御することを特徴とする搬送装置。 - 請求項1に記載の搬送装置であって、
前記制御部は、前記物品を積載していない前記搬送装置が停止した状態から移動する場合の加速条件について、
前記搬送装置が、前記複数の移動モードのうち停止前の移動モードと同じ移動モードで移動する場合に、前記第1の加速度よりも大きい第3の加速度又は前記第1の目標速度よりも大きい第3の目標速度を含む第3の加速条件で加速するように前記駆動部を制御し、
前記複数の移動モードのうち停止前の移動モードと異なる移動モードで移動する場合に、前記第3の加速度よりも小さい第4の加速度又は前記第3の目標速度よりも小さい第4の目標速度を含む第4の加速条件とを含む加速条件で加速するように前記駆動部を制御することを特徴とする搬送装置。 - 請求項1に記載の搬送装置であって、
前記第1の加速条件には前記第1の目標速度が設定され、前記第2の加速条件には前記第2の目標速度が設定され、
前記制御部は、
前記加速条件に設定された加速度で目標速度となるように前記駆動部を制御することを特徴とする搬送装置。 - 請求項1に記載の搬送装置であって、
前記第1の加速条件には前記第1の加速度が設定され、前記第2の加速条件には前記第2の加速度が設定され、
前記制御部は、所定の目標速度となるように前記駆動部を制御することを特徴とする搬送装置。 - 請求項1に記載の搬送装置であって、
前記第1の加速条件は、前記第1の加速度で前記第1の目標速度となるように加速するものであり、
前記第2の加速条件は、前記第2の加速度で前記第2の目標速度となるように加速するものであることを特徴とする搬送装置。 - 請求項1に記載の搬送装置であって、
前記制御部は、
前記第2の加速度で移動を開始してから所定時間後に前記第2の加速度よりも大きい所定の加速度に切り替えることを特徴とする搬送装置。 - 請求項1に記載の搬送装置であって、
前記搬送装置が移動する床面の状態の情報を記憶する記憶部を、さらに有し、
前記制御部は、
前記床面の状態の情報に基づいて、前記搬送装置の加速条件を決定することを特徴とする搬送装置。 - 請求項9に記載の搬送装置であって、
前記床面の状態の情報は、前記床面の損傷の有無の情報を含み、
前記制御部は、前記物品を積載した前記搬送装置が停止した状態から移動する場合の加速条件について、
前記複数の移動モードのうち停止前の移動モードと異なる移動モードで移動する場合に、
損傷の有る前記床面で加速する場合は、前記第2の加速条件で加速する代わりに、前記第2の加速度よりも小さい加速度又は前記第2の目標速度よりも小さい目標速度を含む加速条件で加速するように前記駆動部を制御することを特徴とする搬送装置。 - 請求項9に記載の搬送装置であって、
前記床面の状態の情報は、前記床面上を前記搬送装置が走行した累積走行実績の情報を含み、
前記制御部は、前記物品を積載した前記搬送装置が停止した状態から移動する場合の加速条件について、
前記複数の移動モードのうち停止前の移動モードと異なる移動モードで移動する場合に、
前記累積走行実績が所定の基準を超える前記床面で加速する場合は、前記第2の加速条件で加速する代わりに、前記第2の加速度よりも小さい加速度又は前記第2の目標速度よりも小さい目標速度を含む加速条件で加速するように前記駆動部を制御することを特徴とする搬送装置。 - 請求項9に記載の搬送装置であって、
前記床面の状態の情報は、前記床面上の凹凸の有無の情報を含み、
前記制御部は、前記物品を積載した前記搬送装置が停止した状態から移動する場合の加速条件について、
前記複数の移動モードのうち停止前の移動モードと異なる移動モードで移動する場合に、
凹凸の有る前記床面で加速する場合は、前記第2の加速条件で加速する代わりに、前記第2の加速度よりも小さい加速度又は前記第2の目標速度よりも小さい目標速度を含む加速条件で加速するように前記駆動部を制御することを特徴とする搬送装置。 - 請求項1に記載の搬送装置であって、
前記搬送装置が積載する物品の重量の情報を含む搬送物情報を記憶する記憶部をさらに有し、
前記第2の加速度及び前記第2の目標速度は、少なくとも前記搬送物情報に基づいて設定されることを特徴とする搬送装置。 - 物品を搬送する搬送装置と、
前記搬送装置の走行を制御する制御装置と、を有する搬送システムであって、
前記搬送装置は、所定の方向へ直進して移動する移動モードと、前記搬送装置が異なる方向へ向くように回転移動する移動モードとを含む複数の移動モードで移動可能であり、
前記制御装置は、
前記物品を積載した前記搬送装置が停止した状態から移動する場合の加速条件について、前記搬送装置が、前記複数の移動モードのうち停止前の移動モードと同じ移動モードで移動する場合に、第1の加速度又は第1の目標速度を含む第1の加速条件で加速するように前記搬送装置を制御し、
前記複数の移動モードのうち停止前の移動モードと異なる移動モードで移動する場合に、前記第1の加速度よりも小さい第2の加速度又は前記第1の目標速度よりも小さい第2の目標速度を含む第2の加速条件で加速するように前記搬送装置を制御することを特徴とする搬送システム。 - 搬送装置が停止した状態から移動する場合、所定の方向へ直進して移動する移動モードと前記搬送装置が異なる方向へ向くように回転移動する移動モードとを含む複数の移動モードのうち、停止前の移動モードと同じ移動モードで移動するか否かを判定するステップと、
前記搬送装置が前記複数の移動モードのうち停止前の移動モードと同じ移動モードで移動する場合に、第1の加速度又は第1の目標速度を含む第1の加速条件で加速するように前記搬送装置を制御し、前記搬送装置が前記複数の移動モードのうち停止前の移動モードと異なる移動モードで移動する場合に、前記第1の加速度よりも小さい第2の加速度又は前記第1の目標速度よりも小さい第2の目標速度を含む第2の加速条件で加速するように前記搬送装置を制御するステップと、を備えることを特徴とする搬送装置の制御方法。
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US10209682B1 (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2019-02-19 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Autonomous traction measurement of a surface |
US10336150B1 (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2019-07-02 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Determining payload properties using actuator parameter data |
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WO2015136627A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-11 | 2015-09-17 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 移動型x線撮影装置 |
US10336150B1 (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2019-07-02 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Determining payload properties using actuator parameter data |
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