WO2022156546A1 - 一种油冷电机冷却系统 - Google Patents

一种油冷电机冷却系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022156546A1
WO2022156546A1 PCT/CN2022/070645 CN2022070645W WO2022156546A1 WO 2022156546 A1 WO2022156546 A1 WO 2022156546A1 CN 2022070645 W CN2022070645 W CN 2022070645W WO 2022156546 A1 WO2022156546 A1 WO 2022156546A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cooling
oil
stator
cooling pipe
end plate
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PCT/CN2022/070645
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏颖颖
于拓舟
高一
王金昊
郭守仑
赵慧超
王宇
孙明冲
林展汐
尹相睿
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中国第一汽车股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022156546A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022156546A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/24—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/04—Balancing means

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and in particular relates to an oil-cooled motor cooling system.
  • the motor generates a lot of heat during operation, which needs to be dissipated through the motor cooling system.
  • the main function of the motor cooling system is to prevent the occurrence of thermal damage caused by heat accumulation and thermal inertia of the motor during the driving process of the vehicle, to ensure the performance output and stable operation of the motor, and to have a long service life.
  • the stator core, coil winding and rotor are motor structures that are prone to local hot spots and high temperature rise, and have stricter heat dissipation requirements.
  • the existing oil cooling spray design cannot take into account the heat dissipation requirements of the stator core, coil windings and rotor, and the thermal uniformity is not high.
  • the prior art discloses an oil-cooled motor structure, a main drive motor and a motor cooling system.
  • the oil-cooled motor structure includes a casing, a stator arranged inside the casing, a rotor arranged inside the stator, a rotating shaft connected to the rotor, and a
  • the oil passage ring assembly and the casing form a plurality of axial oil passages, and the annular oil passage is communicated with the axial oil passage.
  • the cooling oil can directly cool the heating components such as the winding, rotor and bearing of the motor, and the heat dissipation effect is obvious.
  • the cooling system does not perform direct convection heat transfer by spraying cooling oil on the stator iron core, which is likely to cause local hot spots in the stator.
  • the prior art also discloses a motor/generator cooling system for a hybrid vehicle having first and second motor/generators arranged in an axial direction in the transmission, the system may include a cooling duct, the Cooling ducts may be arranged in an axial direction in the transmission along upper outer sides of the first and second motor/generators; and a rear cover may be connected to the downstream side of the cooling ducts such that the cooling duct may be fixed there; an input support may be connected to the upstream side of the cooling duct, forming a cooling oil passage, and rotatably supporting the rotor of the first motor/generator; and a case on which the rear cover and the input support may be mounted, an oil filter connected to the hydraulic pump may be mounted in the case, and a through hole may be formed in the case , the cooling pipe penetrates the through hole to be fixed in the box.
  • the cooling pipes fixed in the cooling system box cannot cool the bearing and the rotor, which may easily cause the rotor temperature to be too high and generate local hot
  • the prior art also discloses a rotating electrical machine including a casing, a cover and a cooling pipe.
  • the casing accommodates the rotor and the stator, and has an opening at one end thereof in the axial direction of the rotor.
  • the cover is fixed on the periphery of the opening of the housing.
  • the cover is configured to cover the opening.
  • the cooling pipe is arranged to adjoin the stator inside the housing.
  • the cooling pipe extends in the axial direction.
  • One end of the cooling pipe is configured to abut on the back of the cover via an elastic member, and the other end of the cooling pipe is fastened and fixed on the housing.
  • the cooling pipe only cools the stator part, which is likely to cause a large temperature rise of the rotor and generate local hot spots.
  • the existing cooling oil circuit structure cannot simultaneously cool the stator core, the coil end, the bearing, and the shaft, and the uniformity of the cooling heat is poor, which is prone to local hot spots.
  • the invention provides an oil-cooled motor cooling system to solve the problem that the existing cooling oil circuit structure cannot simultaneously cool the stator iron core, the coil end, the bearing and the shaft, and the cooling effect is poor.
  • An oil-cooled motor cooling system comprising a cooling pipe 1, a casing 2, a balance end plate 7, a bearing 8, an oil return groove 9, a rotor 11, a stator core 12 and a shaft 13;
  • the casing 2 is provided with two sections of tubular cavity 4 for guiding the flow direction of the cooling oil.
  • the casing 2 supports and fixes both ends of the cooling pipe 1, and the two ends of the cooling pipe 1 are respectively communicated with a section of the tubular cavity 4.
  • the cooling pipe 1 is provided with three groups of nozzle holes, namely nozzle hole I3, nozzle hole II5 and nozzle hole III6;
  • the stator iron core 12 is installed in the casing 2, and coil ends 10 are provided at both ends of the stator iron core 12. Inside the stator iron core 12 is a rotor 11 connected to the shaft 13, and two sides of the rotor 11 are provided for maintaining the dynamic balance of the rotor 11.
  • the oil return groove 9 is connected with the opening of the casing 2 at the bottom end of the motor;
  • the cooling oil is introduced into the inlet of the cooling pipe 1 from the section of the tubular cavity 4, and part of the cooling oil is ejected from the three groups of nozzle holes in the cooling pipe 1 in turn. 10 Perform direct convection heat exchange; the remaining cooling oil flows out from the outlet of the cooling pipe 1, flows to the bearing 8 along another section of the tubular cavity 4, and is sprayed to the shaft 13 from the axial oil passage formed by the casing 2 and the bearing 8 , balanced end plate 7 and coil end 10 .
  • the balance end plate 7 is cylindrical, and the grooves 14 in a circular array are arranged along the axial outer side of the balance end plate 7, so that the cooling oil falling on the balance end plate 7 is stored in the grooves 14, The centrifugal force generated by the rotation throws away the stored cooling oil, and the stator coil ends 10 are cooled again.
  • the cooling pipes 1 are two cooling pipes 1, and the two cooling pipes 1 are symmetrically distributed with the axis 13 as the axis of symmetry, and are distributed on the oblique side of the top of the motor.
  • the direction of gravity of 1 is at a certain angle ⁇ .
  • the optimal angle range of ⁇ is 30-50°.
  • the ratio of the distance from the outer diameter of the cooling pipe 1 to the outer diameter of the stator to the outer diameter of the stator is 1:12, and the center of the distribution of each group of orifices is in the normal direction of the stator surface.
  • nozzle hole I3 is located at L/2 of stator iron core 12, and the other two groups of nozzle holes, nozzle hole II5 and nozzle hole III6 are located at L/2 position of coil end 10, respectively.
  • the stator core 12 and the coil windings 10 are cooled.
  • the two groups of nozzle holes 5 and 6 of the cooling coil end 10 on the cooling pipe 1 each contain four nozzle holes, which are not collinearly distributed, and the nozzle holes of the one group of the cooling stator core 12 are cooled.
  • I3 is two, and the two nozzle holes form a certain angle ⁇ with the axis in the circumferential direction.
  • the ⁇ is 90°, and the distribution is symmetrical with the axis 13 as the axis of symmetry.
  • the cooling system of the oil-cooled motor of the present invention is designed to cool the stator core, coil winding, bearing and shaft.
  • the cooling design includes: cooling the cooling pipes for the stator core and coil windings, rationally arranging the nozzle holes on the cooling pipes to improve the uniformity of spray cooling;
  • the cooling oil dripping on the balance end plate is stored and thrown to the coil end again, which increases the splashing range of the cooling oil, makes the cooling oil cool the end of the stator coil again, and improves the cooling efficiency.
  • the cooling design enables the cooling oil to directly cool the stator core, coil end, bearing, shaft and balance end plate and other heating components of the motor, and the shaft has an indirect cooling effect on the rotor, which has a significant heat dissipation effect and prolongs the peak value of the motor.
  • the output power lasts for a long time, and the weakening of the magnetic performance of the permanent magnet of the rotor is suppressed, and the output performance of the motor is guaranteed.
  • the present invention also realizes forced oil lubrication by guiding the cooling oil to the bearing, which eliminates the risk of carbonization of the bearing grease and oil seal after long-term operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an oil-cooled motor cooling system of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor balance end plate
  • Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of cooling pipe arrangement
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the cooling pipe part.
  • Cooling pipe 2. Chassis 3. Nozzle I 4. Tubular cavity 5. Nozzle II 6. Nozzle III 7. Balance end plate 8. Bearing 9. Oil return groove 10. Coil end 11. Rotor 12. Stator core 13. Shaft 14. Groove.
  • the oil-cooled motor cooling system of the present invention is mainly composed of a cooling pipe 1, a casing 2, a tubular cavity 4, a balance end plate 7, a bearing 8, an oil return groove 9, a rotor 11, a stator core 12 and a shaft. 13 Compositions.
  • a tubular cavity 4 is arranged inside the casing 2 to guide the flow direction of the cooling oil, guide the cooling oil to the ends of the cooling pipe 1 and the bearing 8, and spray the cooling oil to the stator core 12, the coil end 10, the shaft 13 and balance end plate 7.
  • the casing 2 supports and fixes both ends of the cooling pipe 1 .
  • Both ends of the cooling pipe 1 are communicated with the tubular cavity 4 respectively.
  • the cooling oil is introduced into the cooling pipe 1 from the tubular cavity 4, and the cooling oil flowing out from the outlet of the cooling pipe 1 is again drained to the bearing 8 through the tubular cavity 4, and then sprayed from the axial oil passage formed by the casing 2 and the bearing 8 to the shaft 13.
  • the cooling oil guide bearing not only dissipates heat from the bearing, but also lubricates the bearing.
  • the stator core 12 is installed in the casing 2, and coil ends 10 are provided at both ends of the stator core 12.
  • a rotor 11 is provided inside the stator core 12, the rotor 11 is connected to the shaft 13, and balance end plates 7 are provided on both sides of the rotor 11. .
  • the oil return groove 9 is connected with the opening of the casing 2 at the bottom end of the motor.
  • the balance end plates 7 are cylindrical and are located on both sides of the rotor 11 for maintaining the dynamic balance of the rotor 11 .
  • the recessed surfaces such as grooves 14 or dimples in a circular array are arranged, so that the cooling oil falling on the balance end plate 7 is stored in the grooves 14 or the dimples.
  • the resulting centrifugal force flings the stored cooling oil, cooling the stator coil ends 10 again.
  • the arrangement of the concave surfaces such as the grooves 14 or the pits also increases the angle and range of the cooling oil splashing out, and the cooling oil is repeatedly used for cooling, which improves the cooling efficiency.
  • the present invention is provided with two cooling pipes 1.
  • the two cooling pipes 1 are symmetrically distributed with the axis 13 as the axis of symmetry, and are distributed on the oblique side of the top of the motor.
  • the gravity direction of the tube 1 is at a certain angle ⁇ , and the optimal angle range of ⁇ is 30-50°.
  • the ratio of the distance from the outer diameter of the cooling pipe 1 to the outer diameter of the stator to the outer diameter of the stator is 1:12.
  • the center of the distribution of each group of nozzle holes is in the normal direction of the stator surface. This arrangement makes the surfaces on both sides of the stator more uniform. Contact cooling oil, and make full use of the spray range of the nozzle holes to dissipate heat from the top of the stator, which improves the heat uniformity and heat dissipation efficiency of the stator.
  • the cooling pipe 1 is arranged with three groups of nozzle holes, one group of nozzle holes, nozzle hole I3 is located at L/2 of the stator core 12, and the other two groups of nozzle holes, nozzle hole II5 and nozzle hole III6 are located at the end of the coil 10 respectively.
  • the stator iron core 12 and the coil winding 10 are cooled respectively to reduce the probability of generating local hot spots in the stator.
  • a group of nozzle holes are respectively set in these three parts of the stator, because the unit flow rate of one group of nozzle holes will be larger than that of multiple groups of nozzle holes when the total flow rate is the same, which makes the spraying range in the circumferential direction of the stator wider. Wide, so that the stator cooling is more uniform.
  • the nozzle holes II5 and III6 at the end of the cooling coil on the cooling pipe 1 each contain four nozzle holes, which are not collinearly distributed.
  • the number of nozzle holes I3 for cooling the stator core 12 is two.
  • the circumferential direction forms a certain angle ⁇ with the axis.
  • ⁇ is 90°, which is symmetrically distributed with the axis 13 as the axis of symmetry. This arrangement makes the injection range larger, the cooling oil distribution on the stator is relatively more uniform, and the thermal uniformity is improved.
  • the cooling oil first enters from the oil inlet of the tubular cavity 4 inside the casing 2, flows to the inlet of the cooling pipe 1, and enters the cooling pipe 1, and part of the cooling oil sequentially flows from the cooling pipe 1
  • the three groups of nozzle holes are sprayed out, and under the dual action of pressure and gravity, direct convection heat exchange is carried out with the stator core 12 and the coil end 10 .
  • the remaining part of the cooling oil flows out from the cooling pipe 1, enters the tubular cavity 4 inside the casing 2, flows along the tubular cavity 4 to the bearing, and is sprayed from the tubular cavity 4 to the shaft 13, the rotor balance end plate 7 and The coil end 10, this part of the oil directly cools the casing 2, the bearing 8, the shaft 13, the coil end 10 and the balance end plate 7 at the same time by convection heat transfer.
  • the cooling oil sprayed through the nozzle holes of the cooling pipe 1, after cooling the coil end 10, will flow from a part to the balance end plate 7, and this part of the cooling oil will be thrown out by the centrifugal force generated by the rotating balance end plate 7 , and conduct heat exchange and cooling with the stator coil end 10 again.
  • the cooling oil after heat exchange falls back to the oil return tank 9 under the action of gravity, so as to facilitate the next cooling cycle.
  • the present invention directly cools the stator iron core 12, the coil end 10, the bearing 8 and the shaft 13, and indirectly cools the iron core of the rotor 11, magnetic steel and other heating elements by cooling the shaft 13 and the balance end plate 7,
  • the cooling effect is better.
  • the arrangement of the cooling pipe and the arrangement of the spray holes on it are optimized, so that the cooling oil is sprayed more evenly to the stator core 12 and the coil end 10, which improves the cooling uniformity and avoids local high temperature.
  • the outside of the balance end plate 7 is treated with surface grooves or circular pits, which increases the splashing range of the cooling oil, cools the ends of the stator coils again, and has a higher cooling efficiency.
  • the cooling oil can also lubricate the internal components at the same time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种油冷电机冷却系统，包括冷却管、机壳、平衡端板、轴承、回油槽、转子、定子铁芯以及轴，机壳内部设置管状腔体，冷却管上开设有三组喷孔，冷却油从管状腔体引入冷却管，部分冷却油依次从冷却管的三组喷孔喷出，与定子铁芯和线圈端部进行直接对流换热；剩下的冷却油从冷却管出口流出，沿管状腔体流到轴承，并喷淋到轴、平衡端板和线圈端部。本发明以冷却轴和平衡端板的方式间接冷却转子的铁芯、磁钢等发热体，冷却效果更好；冷却管布置和其上的喷孔排布得到优化，使冷却油更为均匀地喷洒至定子铁芯和线圈端部处，提高了冷却均匀性；对平衡端板外侧采取表面凹槽处理，增加了冷却油的飞溅范围，再次冷却定子线圈端部，冷却效率更高。

Description

一种油冷电机冷却系统 技术领域
本发明属于电机技术领域，具体涉及一种油冷电机冷却系统。
背景技术
近年来，混合动力车辆已广泛使用，对混合动力车辆中驱动电机的要求也越来越高。电机低成本、小型化和高功率密度的需求使得对电机散热要求增高。现有常用的水冷和空冷冷却技术，散热效率低，占用空间大，难以满足要求。为了克服上述问题，可以采用油冷喷洒散热技术对电机进行散热。
电机在工作过程中会产生大量的热，需要通过电机冷却系统散出。电机冷却系统的主要作用就是在车辆行驶过程中防止电机出现热积累和热惯性等导致的热害发生，保障电机性能输出和稳定工作，同时有较长的使用寿命。定子铁芯、线圈绕组和转子是较容易产生局部热点且温升较高的电机结构，对散热要求也较为严苛。现有油冷喷洒设计无法兼顾定子铁芯、线圈绕组和转子的散热需求，并且热均匀性不高。
现有技术公开了一种油冷电机结构、主驱电机及电机冷却系统，油冷电机结构包括机壳，设置在机壳内部的定子，设置在定子内部的转子，与转子连接的转轴，设置在定子两端的绕组线包，设置在机壳内的油道环组件，油道环连接于机壳的内壁，定子设置于油道环组件内部，油道环组件与定子、机壳构成环形油道，油道环组件与机壳构成多个轴向油道，且环形油道和轴向油道连通。 该技术中冷却油可以直接冷却电机的绕组、转子、轴承等发热部件，散热效果明显。但是，冷却系统未对定子铁芯进行喷洒冷却油的直接对流换热，容易造成定子局部热点。
现有技术还公开了一种混合动力车辆的电动机/发电机冷却系统，具有在变速器中沿轴向方向上布置的第一和第二电动机/发电机，该系统可以包括：冷却管道，所述冷却管道可以在所述变速器中沿着所述第一和第二电动机/发电机的上外侧布置在轴向方向；后罩，所述后罩可以连接至所述冷却管道的下游侧，从而使得所述冷却管道可以固定在那里；输入支撑件，所述输入支撑件可以连接至所述冷却管道的上游侧，形成冷却油通道，并且可旋转地支撑所述第一电动机/发电机的转子；以及箱体，所述后罩和所述输入支撑件可以安装在所述箱体上，连接至液压泵的滤油器可以安装在所述箱体中，通孔可以形成在所述箱体中，所述冷却管道穿透所述通孔以固定在所述箱体中。但是，冷却系统箱体固定的冷却管道不能对轴承和转子进行冷却，容易造成转子温度过高，产生局部热点。
现有技术还公开了一种旋转电机包括外壳、罩盖和冷却管。外壳收纳转子和定子，并且外壳在其在转子的轴线方向上的一端处具有开口。罩盖固定在外壳的开口的周缘上。罩盖构造成覆盖开口。冷却管配置成在外壳的内部与定子邻接。冷却管沿所述轴线方向延伸。冷却管的一端构造成经由弹性部件靠接在罩盖的背面上，且冷却管的另一端紧固并固定在外壳上。但是，冷却管仅对定子部分进行冷却，容易造成转子温升较大，产生局部热点。
综上，现有冷却油路结构无法同时对定子铁芯、线圈端部和轴承、轴都进行冷却，且冷却热均匀性差，易产生局部热点。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种油冷电机冷却系统，以解决现有冷却油路结构无法同时对定子铁芯、线圈端部和轴承、轴进行冷却，冷却效果差的问题。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种油冷电机冷却系统，包括冷却管1、机壳2、平衡端板7、轴承8、回油槽9、转子11、定子铁芯12以及轴13；
所述机壳2内部设置两段用于引导冷却油流动方向的管状腔体4，机壳2对冷却管1两端进行支撑固定，冷却管1的两端分别与一段管状腔体4连通，冷却管1上开设有三组喷孔，分别为喷孔Ⅰ3、喷孔Ⅱ5和喷孔Ⅲ6；
所述定子铁芯12安装在机壳2内，其两端设有线圈端部10，定子铁芯12内部设有与轴13相连的转子11，转子11两侧设有用于保持转子11动态平衡的平衡端板7；
所述回油槽9与电机底端的机壳2开孔相连；
冷却油从所述一段管状腔体4引入冷却管1入口，部分冷却油依次从冷却管1的三组喷孔喷出，在压力和重力的双重作用下，与定子铁芯12和线圈端部10进行直接对流换热；剩下的冷却油从冷却管1出口流出，沿另一段管状腔体4流到轴承8，并从机壳2与轴承8构成的轴向油道喷淋到轴13、平衡端板7和线圈端部10。
进一步地，所述平衡端板7呈柱状，沿平衡端板7轴向外侧排布着呈圆形阵列的凹槽14，使落到平衡端板7的冷却油被存储在凹槽14内，通过转动产生的离心力将存储的冷却油甩飞出去，再次冷却定子线圈端部10。
进一步地，所述冷却管1为两根冷却管1，两根冷却管1以轴13为对称轴 呈对称分布，分布在电机顶部斜侧，冷却管1与轴13的法向方向和冷却管1的重力方向呈一定角度θ。
更进一步地，所述θ最优角度范围为30-50°。
进一步地，所述冷却管1外径到定子外径的距离与定子外径的比值为1:12，每组喷孔分布的中心在定子表面的法线方向。
进一步地，所述一组喷孔，喷孔Ⅰ3位于定子铁芯12的L/2处，另外两组喷孔，喷孔Ⅱ5和喷孔Ⅲ6分别位于线圈端部10的L/2处，分别冷却定子铁芯12和线圈绕组10。
更进一步地，所述冷却管1上的冷却线圈端部10的两组喷孔5和6各含四个喷孔，呈不共线分布，冷却定子铁芯12的一组喷孔，喷孔Ⅰ3为两个，两个喷孔在周向方向上与轴线呈一定夹角α。
更进一步地，所述α为90°，以轴13为对称轴呈对称分布。
进一步地，经冷却管1的喷孔喷射出来的冷却油，在冷却线圈端部10后，会从有一部分流到平衡端板7上，这部分冷却油会被转动的平衡端板7产生的离心力甩出去，再次与定子线圈端部进行换热冷却；进行换热后的冷却油在重力作用下回落至回油槽9。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1、本发明油冷电机冷却系统，针对定子铁芯、线圈绕组、轴承和轴均进行了冷却设计。冷却设计包括：冷却定子铁芯和线圈绕组的冷却管，将冷却管上的喷孔进行合理排布，提升了喷洒冷却均匀性；还包括在固定转子的平衡端板表面进行结构处理，能将滴落在平衡端板上的冷却油存储并重新甩到线圈端部，增加了冷却油的飞溅范围，使冷却油再次冷却定子线圈端部，提高了冷却效率。
2、冷却设计使冷却油可以直接冷却电机的定子铁芯、线圈端部、轴承、轴和平衡端板等发热部件，并且轴对转子具有间接冷却的作用，散热效果明显，延长了电机的峰值输出功率持续时间，且抑制了转子的永磁体磁性能的弱化，保证了电机的输出性能。
3、本发明还通过将冷却油导向轴承实现强制油润滑，消除了轴承油脂、油封长期运行后出现碳化的风险。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本发明油冷电机冷却系统的结构示意图；
图2为转子平衡端板的结构示意图；
图3为冷却管布置的示意图；
图4为冷却管部分的结构示意图。
图中，1.冷却管 2.机壳 3.喷孔Ⅰ 4.管状腔体 5.喷孔Ⅱ 6.喷孔Ⅲ 7.平衡端板 8.轴承 9.回油槽 10.线圈端部 11.转子 12.定子铁芯 13.轴 14.凹槽。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明，而非对本发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与本发明相关的部分而非全部结构。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。同时，在本发明的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
如图1所示，本发明油冷电机冷却系统，主要由冷却管1、机壳2、管状腔体4、平衡端板7、轴承8、回油槽9、转子11、定子铁芯12以及轴13构成。
所述机壳2内部设置管状腔体4，用于引导冷却油流动方向，将冷却油导流至冷却管1和轴承8端并喷淋冷却油到定子铁芯12、线圈端部10、轴13和平衡端板7。所述机壳2对冷却管1两端进行支撑固定。
所述冷却管1两端分别与管状腔体4连通。冷却油从管状腔体4引入冷却管1，从冷却管1出口流出的冷却油再次通过管状腔体4引流至轴承8，接着从机壳2与轴承8构成的轴向油道喷淋到轴13、平衡端板7和线圈端部10。冷却油导向轴承在给轴承散热的同时，还起到了润滑轴承的作用。
所述定子铁芯12安装在机壳2内，其两端设有线圈端部10，定子铁芯12内部设有转子11，转子11与轴13相连，转子11两侧设有平衡端板7。
所述回油槽9与电机底端机壳2开孔相连。
如图2所述，所述平衡端板7呈柱状，位于转子11两侧，用于保持转子11动态平衡。沿平衡端板7轴向外侧，排布呈圆形阵列的凹槽14或凹坑等凹陷的表面，使落到平衡端板7的冷却油被存储在凹槽14或凹坑内，在通过转动产生 的离心力将存储的冷却油甩飞出去，再次冷却定子线圈端部10。凹槽14或凹坑等凹陷表面的设置，也增加了冷却油飞溅出去的角度和范围，多次重复利用冷却油冷却，提高了冷却效率。
如图3所示，本发明共设置两根冷却管1，两根冷却管1以轴13为对称轴呈对称分布，分布在电机顶部斜侧，冷却管1与轴13的法向方向和冷却管1的重力方向呈一定角度θ，θ最优角度范围为30-50°。冷却管1外径到定子外径的距离与定子外径的比值为1:12，每组喷孔分布的中心在定子表面的法线方向，这种布置方式使定子两侧表面更为均匀的接触冷却油，并且充分利用了喷孔喷射范围给定子顶部散热，提高了定子热均匀性和散热效率。
所述冷却管1布置三组喷孔，一组喷孔，喷孔Ⅰ3位于定子铁芯12的L/2处，另外两组喷孔，喷孔Ⅱ5和喷孔Ⅲ6分别位于线圈端部10的L/2处，分别冷却定子铁芯12和线圈绕组10，减小定子局部热点的产生概率。在定子的这三个部位分别各设置一组喷孔，是因为在总流量相同的情况下，一组喷孔会比多组喷孔的单位流量大，使得定子周向方向上的喷洒范围更广，从而使定子冷却更为均匀。
所述冷却管1上的冷却线圈端部的喷孔Ⅱ5和喷孔Ⅲ6各含四个喷孔，呈不共线分布，冷却定子铁芯12的喷孔Ⅰ3为两个，两个喷孔在周向方向上与轴线呈一定夹角α，本发明实施案例中α为90°，以轴13为对称轴呈对称分布。这种布置方式使喷射范围更大，定子上冷却油分布相对更均匀，提高了热均匀性。
具体工作时，在动力装置的驱动下，冷却油先从机壳2内部的管状腔体4的进油口进入，流动到冷却管1入口，进入冷却管1，部分冷却油依次从冷却管1的三组喷孔喷出，在压力和重力的双重作用下，与定子铁芯12和线圈端部10 进行直接对流换热。剩下一部分冷却油从冷却管1流出，进入机壳2内部的管状腔体4，沿管状腔体4流到轴承，并从管状腔体4中喷淋到轴13、转子平衡端板7和线圈端部10，这部分油同时对流换热直接冷却了机壳2、轴承8、轴13、线圈端部10和平衡端板7。经冷却管1的喷孔喷射出来的冷却油，在冷却线圈端部10后，会从有一部分流到平衡端板7上，这部分冷却油会被转动的平衡端板7产生的离心力甩出去，再次与定子线圈端部10进行换热冷却。进行换热后的冷却油在重力作用下回落至回油槽9，以便于进行下一次的冷却循环。
本发明对定子铁芯12、线圈端部10、轴承8及轴13都进行了直接冷却处理，以冷却轴13和平衡端板7的方式间接冷却转子11的铁芯、磁钢等发热体，冷却效果更好。冷却管布置和其上的喷孔排布得到优化，使冷却油更为均匀地喷洒至定子铁芯12和线圈端部10处，提高了冷却均匀性，避免产生局部高温。同时，对平衡端板7外侧采取表面凹槽或圆坑的凹陷处理，增加了冷却油的飞溅范围，再次冷却定子线圈端部，冷却效率更高。本实施例中，冷却油还能同时对内部部件起到润滑作用。
注意，上述仅为本发明的较佳实施例及所运用技术原理。本领域技术人员会理解，本发明不限于这里所述的特定实施例，对本领域技术人员来说能够进行各种明显的变化、重新调整和替代而不会脱离本发明的保护范围。因此，虽然通过以上实施例对本发明进行了较为详细的说明，但是本发明不仅仅限于以上实施例，在不脱离本发明构思的情况下，还可以包括更多其他等效实施例，而本发明的范围由所附的权利要求范围决定。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种油冷电机冷却系统，其特征在于：包括冷却管(1)、机壳(2)、平衡端板(7)、轴承(8)、回油槽(9)、转子(11)、定子铁芯(12)以及轴(13)；
    所述机壳(2)内部设置两段用于引导冷却油流动方向的管状腔体(4)，机壳(2)对冷却管(1)两端进行支撑固定，冷却管(1)的两端分别与一段管状腔体(4)连通，冷却管(1)上开设有三组喷孔，分别为喷孔Ⅰ(3)、喷孔Ⅱ(5)和喷孔Ⅲ(6)；
    所述定子铁芯(12)安装在机壳(2)内，其两端设有线圈端部(10)，定子铁芯(12)内部设有与轴(13)相连的转子(11)，转子(11)两侧设有用于保持转子(11)动态平衡的平衡端板(7)；
    所述回油槽(9)与电机底端的机壳(2)开孔相连；
    冷却油从所述一段管状腔体(4)引入冷却管(1)入口，部分冷却油依次从冷却管(1)的三组喷孔喷出，在压力和重力的双重作用下，与定子铁芯(12)和线圈端部(10)进行直接对流换热；剩下的冷却油从冷却管(1)出口流出，沿另一段管状腔体(4)流到轴承(8)，并从机壳(2)与轴承(8)构成的轴向油道喷淋到轴(13)、平衡端板(7)和线圈端部(10)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种油冷电机冷却系统，其特征在于：所述平衡端板(7)呈柱状，沿平衡端板(7)轴向外侧排布着呈圆形阵列的凹槽(14)，使落到平衡端板(7)的冷却油被存储在凹槽(14)内，通过转动产生的离心力将存储的冷却油甩飞出去，再次冷却定子线圈端部(10)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种油冷电机冷却系统，其特征在于：所述冷却管(1)为两根，两根冷却管(1)以轴(13)为对称轴呈对称分布，分布在电机顶部斜侧，冷却管(1)与轴(13)的法向方向和冷却管(1)的重力方向呈一定角度θ。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种油冷电机冷却系统，其特征在于：所述θ角度范围为30-50°。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种油冷电机冷却系统，其特征在于：所述冷却管(1)外径到定子外径的距离与定子外径的比值为1:12，每组喷孔分布的中心在定子表面的法线方向。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种油冷电机冷却系统，其特征在于：所述一组喷孔，喷孔Ⅰ(3)位于定子铁芯(12)的L/2处，另外两组喷孔，喷孔Ⅱ(5)和喷孔Ⅲ(6)分别位于线圈端部(10)的L/2处，分别冷却定子铁芯12和线圈绕组(10)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种油冷电机冷却系统，其特征在于：所述冷却管(1)上的冷却线圈端部(10)的喷孔Ⅱ(5)和喷孔Ⅲ(6)各含四个喷孔，呈不共线分布，冷却定子铁芯(12)的喷孔Ⅰ(3)为两个，两个喷孔在周向方向上与轴线呈一定夹角α。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种油冷电机冷却系统，其特征在于：所述α为90°，以轴(13)为对称轴呈对称分布。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种油冷电机冷却系统，其特征在于：经冷却管(1)的喷孔喷射出来的冷却油，在冷却线圈端部(10)后，会从有一部分流到平衡端板(7)上，这部分冷却油会被转动的平衡端板(7)产生的离心力甩出去，再次与定子线圈端部进行换热冷却；进行换热后的冷却油在重力作用下回落至回油槽(9)。
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