WO2022153958A1 - 透明導電性フィルム - Google Patents
透明導電性フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022153958A1 WO2022153958A1 PCT/JP2022/000470 JP2022000470W WO2022153958A1 WO 2022153958 A1 WO2022153958 A1 WO 2022153958A1 JP 2022000470 W JP2022000470 W JP 2022000470W WO 2022153958 A1 WO2022153958 A1 WO 2022153958A1
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- transparent conductive
- coating layer
- conductive film
- metal nanowires
- thickness
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
- H01B5/14—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form comprising conductive layers or films on insulating-supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transparent conductive film.
- a transparent conductive film obtained by forming a metal oxide layer such as ITO (indium tin oxide) on a transparent resin film is often used as an electrode of the touch sensor.
- the transparent conductive film provided with this metal oxide layer tends to lose its conductivity due to bending, and has a problem that it is difficult to use in applications requiring flexibility such as a flexible display.
- a transparent conductive film having high flexibility a transparent conductive film containing metal nanowires is known.
- Metal nanowires are wire-like conductive substances having a diameter of nanometers.
- the metal nanowires form a mesh, so that a good electrical conduction path is formed with a small amount of metal nanowires, and an opening is formed in the gap between the meshes. Formed to achieve high light transmittance. Even in a transparent conductive film containing such metal nanowires, improvement of conductivity essentially required for the conductive film is being studied.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a transparent conductive film containing metal nanowires and having excellent conductivity and transparency.
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention is a transparent conductive film comprising a base material and a transparent conductive layer arranged on one side of the base material, wherein the transparent conductive layer contains metal nanowires and is transparent.
- the relationship between the amount x (g / m 2 ) of the metal nanowires in the conductive layer and the conductivity y (1 / ⁇ ) of the transparent conductive film is the relationship of the following formula (1).
- y a ⁇ x ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (1)
- a 0.77 or more.
- the transparent conductive film has a haze value of 20% or less.
- the transparent conductive film has a surface resistance value of 0.1 ⁇ / ⁇ to 1000 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the amount x (g / m 2 ) of the metal nanowires in the transparent conductive layer is 0.005 g / m 2 to 0.05 g / m 2 .
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transparent conductive film obtained by the production method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the transparent conductive film 100 includes a base material 10 and a transparent conductive layer 20 arranged on one side of the base material 10.
- the transparent conductive layer 20 contains metal nanowires (not shown).
- the surface resistance value of the transparent conductive film is preferably 0.1 ⁇ / ⁇ to 1000 ⁇ / ⁇ , more preferably 0.5 ⁇ / ⁇ to 300 ⁇ / ⁇ , and further preferably 1 ⁇ / ⁇ to 200 ⁇ / ⁇ . Yes, particularly preferably 1 ⁇ / ⁇ to 150 ⁇ / ⁇ , and most preferably 20 ⁇ / ⁇ to 100 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the surface resistance value can be measured by "Automatic resistivity measurement system MCP-S620 type / MCP-S521 type" manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech.
- the haze value of the transparent conductive film is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less, still more preferably 0.1% to 5%, still more preferably 0.1% to 3%. It is particularly preferably 0.1% to 1%.
- the total light transmittance of the transparent conductive film is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 35% or more, and particularly preferably 40% or more.
- the transparent conductive layer contains metal nanowires.
- the amount x (g / m 2 ) of the metal nanowires and the conductivity y (1 / ⁇ ) have the above relationship, so that a transparent conductive film having remarkably excellent conductivity can be obtained. ..
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention has high conductivity while using a relatively small amount of metal nanowires.
- Such a transparent conductive film is very advantageous in that both high conductivity and transparency (low haze) can be achieved at the same time.
- a transparent conductive film is formed by applying a composition for forming a transparent conductive layer to form a coating layer, leaving the coating layer for a predetermined time, and then performing a ventilation step in the next step. ,Obtainable.
- the flow of the metal nanowires in the coating layer can be preferably adjusted, and the number of contact points between the metal nanowires is increased, so that the above effect is considered to be obtained.
- a is preferably 0.79 or more, more preferably 0.8 or more, still more preferably 0.85 or more, particularly preferably 0.88 or more, and further. It is preferably 0.9 or more. Within such a range, the above effect becomes more remarkable.
- the amount x (g / m 2 ) of the metal nanowires is the weight of the metal nanowires present per 1 m 2 of the transparent conductive layer.
- the conductivity is the reciprocal of the surface resistance value.
- the amount x (g / m 2 ) of the metal nanowires in the transparent conductive layer is preferably 0.005 g / m 2 to 0.05 g / m 2 , more preferably 0.008 g / m 2 to 0.03 g / m 2 . It is even more preferably 0.01 g / m 2 to 0.025 g / m 2 , and particularly preferably 0.01 g / m 2 to 0.02 g / m 2 .
- the transparent conductive layer further comprises a polymer matrix.
- metal nanowires are present in the polymer matrix.
- the polymer matrix protects the metal nanowires. As a result, corrosion of the metal nanowires is prevented, and a transparent conductive film having better durability can be obtained.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive layer is preferably 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 ⁇ m to 9 ⁇ m, and further preferably 4 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m.
- the content ratio of the metal nanowires in the transparent conductive layer is preferably 0.1 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin constituting the transparent conductive layer. It is 30 parts by weight. Within such a range, a transparent conductive film having excellent conductivity and light transmittance can be obtained.
- the total light transmittance of the transparent conductive layer is preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and further preferably 95% or more.
- Metal nanowires are conductive substances that are made of metal, have a needle-like or thread-like shape, and have a diameter of nanometers.
- the metal nanowires may be linear or curved. If a transparent conductive layer made of metal nanowires is used, the metal nanowires form a mesh, so that a good electrical conduction path can be formed even with a small amount of metal nanowires, and the transparency has low electrical resistance. A conductive film can be obtained. Further, since the metal nanowires have a mesh shape, an opening can be formed in the gap between the meshes to obtain a transparent conductive film having high light transmittance.
- the ratio (aspect ratio: L / d) of the thickness d to the length L of the metal nanowire is preferably 100 to 100,000, more preferably 50 to 100,000, and particularly preferably 100 to 100. It is 10,000.
- the metal nanowires having such a large aspect ratio are used, the metal nanowires can intersect well and a small amount of metal nanowires can exhibit high conductivity. As a result, a transparent conductive film having high light transmittance can be obtained.
- the "thickness of the metal nanowire” means the diameter of the metal nanowire when it has a circular cross section, and means its minor diameter when it has an elliptical cross section, and is polygonal. In some cases it means the longest diagonal.
- the thickness and length of the metal nanowires can be confirmed by a scanning electron microscope or a transmission electron microscope.
- the thickness of the metal nanowires is preferably less than 500 nm, more preferably less than 200 nm, particularly preferably 10 nm to 100 nm, and most preferably 10 nm to 50 nm. Within such a range, a transparent conductive layer having high light transmittance can be formed.
- the length of the metal nanowires is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. Within such a range, a transparent conductive film having high conductivity can be obtained.
- any suitable metal can be used as long as it is a conductive metal.
- the metal constituting the metal nanowire include silver, gold, copper, nickel and the like. Further, a material obtained by plating (for example, gold plating) these metals may be used. Of these, silver, copper or gold is preferable, and silver is more preferable, from the viewpoint of conductivity.
- any appropriate method can be adopted as the method for producing the metal nanowires.
- Examples thereof include a method of reducing silver nitrate in a solution, a method of applying an applied voltage or a current to the surface of the precursor from the tip of the probe, pulling out a metal nanowire at the tip of the probe, and continuously forming the metal nanowire. ..
- silver nanowires can be synthesized by liquid-phase reducing a silver salt such as silver nitrate in the presence of a polyol such as ethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Uniform size silver nanowires are available, for example, from Xia, Y. et al. et al. , Chem. Mater. (2002), 14, 4736-4745, Xia, Y. et al. et al. , Nano letters (2003) 3 (7), 955-960, can be mass-produced according to the method described.
- Base material Any suitable material can be used as the material constituting the base material. Specifically, for example, a polymer base material such as a film or a plastic base material is preferably used. This is because the smoothness of the base material and the wettability to the composition for forming the transparent conductive layer are excellent, and the productivity can be significantly improved by the continuous production by the roll.
- the material constituting the above base material is typically a polymer film containing a thermoplastic resin as a main component.
- the thermoplastic resin include polyester resins; cycloolefin resins such as polynorbornene; acrylic resins; polycarbonate resins; cellulose resins and the like. Of these, polyester-based resins, cycloolefin-based resins, and acrylic-based resins are preferable. These resins are excellent in transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture shielding property and the like.
- the above-mentioned thermoplastic resin may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, it is also possible to use an optical film such as that used for a polarizing plate, for example, a low retardation base material, a high retardation base material, a retardation plate, a brightness improving film, or the like as a base material.
- the thickness of the base material is preferably 20 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
- the total light transmittance of the base material is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 35% or more, and further preferably 40% or more.
- the method for producing a transparent conductive film of the present invention is to apply a composition for forming a transparent conductive layer containing metal nanowires to a base material to form a coating layer. It includes a step, a leaving step of leaving the coating layer for a predetermined time, and a blowing step of blowing air to the coating layer after the leaving step.
- the transparent conductive film that is, a transparent conductive film including a base material and a transparent conductive layer arranged on one side of the base material can be obtained.
- the manufacturing method may include any suitable other steps in addition to the coating step and the blowing step.
- the manufacturing method may further include a drying step of drying the coating layer after the blowing step.
- the blowing step is a step in which the coating layer can be dried, and the transparent conductive layer is formed through the blowing step.
- the manufacturing method can be carried out while transporting a substrate.
- the coating step, the leaving step, and the blowing step (and, if necessary, other steps such as a drying step) are performed while feeding out the rolled base material and transporting the base material.
- a long transparent conductive film including a base material and a transparent conductive layer arranged on one side of the base material is formed.
- the transparent conductive film is wound up after formation.
- Any appropriate method can be adopted as the method for transporting the base material.
- transport by a transport roll, transport by a transport belt, a combination thereof, and the like can be mentioned.
- the transport speed is, for example, 5 m / min to 50 m / min.
- the composition for forming a transparent conductive layer containing metal nanowires is applied to the base material by any suitable method to form a coating layer.
- a composition for forming a transparent conductive layer containing metal nanowires is applied to the base material to form a coating layer.
- the composition for forming a transparent conductive layer contains the above metal nanowires.
- metal nanowires are dispersed in any suitable solvent to prepare a composition for forming a transparent conductive layer.
- the solvent include water, alcohol solvents, ketone solvents, ether solvents, hydrocarbon solvents, aromatic solvents and the like.
- the composition for forming a transparent conductive layer may further contain additives such as a resin (binder resin), a conductive material other than metal nanowires (for example, conductive particles), and a leveling agent.
- the composition for forming a transparent conductive layer includes a plasticizer, a heat stabilizer, a light stabilizer, a lubricant, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a flame retardant, a colorant, an antioxidant, a compatibilizer, a cross-linking agent, and an increase. It may contain additives such as mucilages, inorganic particles, surfactants, and dispersants.
- the viscosity of the composition for forming a transparent conductive layer is preferably 5 mP ⁇ s / 25 ° C. to 300 mP ⁇ s / 25 ° C., more preferably 10 mP ⁇ s / 25 ° C. to 100 mP ⁇ s / 25 ° C. Within such a range, the effect of the present invention becomes remarkable.
- the viscosity of the composition for forming a transparent conductive layer can be measured with a rheometer (for example, MCR302 manufactured by Anton Pearl Co., Ltd.).
- the dispersion concentration of the metal nanowires in the composition for forming the transparent conductive layer is preferably 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight. Within such a range, the effect of the present invention becomes remarkable.
- any suitable method can be adopted as the coating method of the composition for forming the transparent conductive layer.
- the coating method include spray coating, bar coating, roll coating, die coating, inkjet coating, screen coating, dip coating, letterpress printing method, intaglio printing method, gravure printing method and the like.
- the basis weight of the coating layer is preferably 0.3 g / m 2 to 30 g / m 2 , and more preferably 1.6 g / m 2 to 16 g / m 2 .
- the metal nanowires can be satisfactorily dispersed by the ventilation in the ventilation step, and a transparent conductive film having a smaller conductive anisotropic can be produced.
- the thickness Ts of the coating layer in the coating step is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 13 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, further preferably 13 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 13 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m. Within such a range, a transparent conductive film having particularly excellent conductivity can be obtained.
- the thickness Ts (hereinafter, also referred to as the initial thickness Ts of the coating layer) means the thickness (wet thickness) of the coating layer immediately after the coating.
- the thickness Ts (wet thickness) of the coating layer can be measured by an optical interferometry film thickness meter (for example, "spectrometer FLAME-S" manufactured by ocean insight).
- the leaving step is a step of leaving the coating layer for a predetermined time as described above. More specifically, it is a step of leaving the laminated structure including the base material and the coating layer in an environment where the coating layer is 25 ° C. or lower (preferably 20 ° C. to 25 ° C.) and there is no wind.
- the windless state means a state in which the wind speed (relative wind speed in the case of transporting the base material) is less than 0.5 m / s.
- “leaving” means reducing the thickness of the coating layer in a windless state, and includes an operation of reducing the thickness of the coating layer while conveying the laminated structure including the base material and the coating layer. It is a concept.
- the time for leaving the coating layer is, for example, 1 second to 300 seconds.
- the time for leaving the coating layer to stand corresponds to the time from the formation of the coating layer in the previous step to the start of ventilation in the subsequent step.
- a transparent conductive film having excellent conductivity can be obtained by performing the ventilation step of the next step after leaving the coating layer for a predetermined time.
- the transparency per unit weight of the metal nanowires is superior to that of the transparent conductive film obtained by the above-mentioned production method.
- the production method of the present invention by leaving the coating layer for a predetermined time, the flow of the metal nanowires in the coating layer can be preferably adjusted, and the number of contact points between the metal nanowires increases. It is thought that the effect can be obtained.
- the thickness of the coating layer after the leaving step is preferably more than 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more. That is, it is preferable to end the leaving step before the thickness of the coating layer becomes 1 ⁇ m or less (preferably less than 2 ⁇ m). By doing so, the flow of the metal nanowires in the coating layer can be preferably adjusted, and the number of contact points between the metal nanowires can be increased.
- the standing time is determined based on the thickness Ts of the coating layer in the coating step and the thickness of the coating layer after the leaving step (thickness Tb of the coating layer when the ventilation is started in the ventilation step). Will be done.
- the thickness Tb of the coating layer at the start of ventilation in the blowing step is 25% to 90%, more preferably 27% to 90% with respect to the thickness Ts of the coating layer in the coating step. It is 89%, more preferably 30% to 88%.
- the flow of the metal nanowires in the coating layer can be preferably adjusted, and the number of contact points between the metal nanowires increases. Therefore, a transparent conductive film having high conductivity per unit weight of the metal nanowires. Can be obtained.
- the coating layer is preferably left to stand until the thickness of the coating layer is 2 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m thinner than the initial thickness Ts of the coating layer, and 4 ⁇ m to 11 ⁇ m than the initial thickness Ts of the coating layer. It is more preferable to leave the coating layer until it becomes thin, and it is more preferable to leave the coating layer until it becomes 6 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m thinner than the initial thickness Ts of the coating layer, more preferably than the initial thickness Ts of the coating layer. It is preferable to leave the coating layer until the thickness becomes 6 ⁇ m to 9 ⁇ m thinner. Within such a range, the flow of the metal nanowires in the coating layer can be preferably adjusted, and the number of contact points between the metal nanowires can be increased.
- the coating layer When the initial thickness Ts of the coating layer is 10 ⁇ m to 13 ⁇ m, it is preferable to leave the coating layer until the thickness Tb of the coating layer reaches 2.5 ⁇ m to 9 ⁇ m, and until the thickness Tb of the coating layer reaches 3 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m. It is more preferable to leave the coating layer.
- the initial thickness Ts of the coating layer exceeds 13 ⁇ m and is less than 16 ⁇ m, it is preferable to leave the coating layer until the thickness Tb of the coating layer becomes 4 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, and the thickness Tb of the coating layer becomes 5 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m. It is more preferable to leave the coating layer until.
- the coating layer is left to stand until the thickness Tb of the coating layer reaches 6 ⁇ m to 14 ⁇ m. It is more preferable to leave the coating layer until the thickness Tb of the coating layer reaches 7 ⁇ m to 9 ⁇ m.
- the flow of the metal nanowires in the coating layer can be preferably adjusted, and the number of contact points between the metal nanowires can be increased.
- Ventilation to the coating layer can be performed by any suitable method.
- a blower located above (opposite to the substrate) and / or side of the coating layer may be used to blow air to the coating layer.
- the blowing direction is any suitable direction.
- the air blowing direction may be such that the air is provided at a predetermined angle (for example, 10 ° to 170 °) with respect to the coating layer surface, and the air is blown substantially parallel to the coating layer surface (for example, less than 10 ° with respect to the coating layer surface). May be good.
- a spirally blowing wind may be sent.
- the blowing direction can be adjusted by, for example, providing a louver on the blower and adjusting the blowing direction according to the direction of the louver.
- the blowing direction is defined by the opening direction of the louver.
- a blower having a spiral wind direction plate at the air outlet can be used.
- the wind speed of the above wind is preferably 0.5 m / s to 10 m / s, and more preferably 1 m / s to 5 m / s. Within such a range, the metal nanowires are well dispersed, and a transparent conductive film having excellent conductivity can be produced. In addition, a transparent conductive film having excellent surface smoothness and thickness uniformity can be obtained.
- the wind speed can be appropriately set depending on the solvent and the like contained in the composition for forming the transparent conductive layer. When a composition for forming a transparent conductive layer prepared with water is used, the wind speed is preferably 0.5 m / s to 10 m / s, more preferably 1 m / s to 5 m / s. In the present specification, the wind speed means the wind speed at the time of reaching the coating layer.
- the temperature of the wind is preferably 10 ° C to 50 ° C, more preferably 15 ° C to 30 ° C.
- the wind speed can be appropriately set depending on the solvent and the like contained in the composition for forming the transparent conductive layer.
- the temperature of the wind is preferably 10 ° C. to 50 ° C., more preferably 15 ° C. to 30 ° C.
- the wind temperature means the temperature of the wind at the time of reaching the coating layer.
- the ventilation time is preferably 1 minute to 10 minutes, more preferably 2 minutes to 5 minutes.
- the metal nanowires are well dispersed, and a transparent conductive film having a smaller conductive anisotropy can be produced.
- the metal nanowires can be appropriately dispersed over the entire coating layer.
- a transparent conductive film having excellent surface smoothness and thickness uniformity can be obtained.
- the ventilation may be divided into multiple stages.
- the air may be blown stepwise by dividing into zones so that the wind direction, the wind speed, the temperature, and the like are different.
- any appropriate treatment may be performed.
- a composition for forming a transparent conductive layer containing a binder resin it may be cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays or the like.
- a drying step may be performed after the sending step. Examples of the drying method include oven heating, natural drying and the like.
- the evaluation method in the examples is as follows.
- the thickness was measured with an optical interferometry film thickness meter (“Spectroscope FLAME-S” manufactured by ocean insight).
- Example 1 A PET film (manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics, trade name "S100”) was used as a base material.
- Examples 2 to 8, Comparative Examples 1 to 2 Examples except that the initial thickness Ts of the coating layer (as a result, the amount of metal nanowires x) and the thickness Tb of the coating layer at the start of ventilation in the ventilation process (at the start of ventilation) are as shown in Table 1.
- a transparent conductive film was obtained in the same manner as in 1. The obtained transparent conductive film was subjected to the above evaluations (1) and (2). The results are shown in Table 1.
- the above-mentioned "y " obtained by the formula of ⁇ conductivity y (1 / ⁇ ) / amount of metal nanowires per 1 m 2 x (g / m 2 ) ⁇ .
- a transparent conductive film in which high conductivity and low haze value are well-balanced and well adjusted. can be obtained.
- Such a transparent conductive film can be obtained by producing it through a leaving step. Further, by optimizing the coating layer thickness at the start of ventilation (optimizing the leaving time) according to the initial thickness of the coating layer, the above effect becomes more remarkable.
- Base material 20 Transparent conductive layer 100 Transparent conductive film
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Abstract
Description
y=a×x ・・・(1)
式(1)において、aは、0.77以上である。
1つの実施形態においては、上記透明導電性フィルムは、ヘイズ値が、20%以下である。
1つの実施形態においては、上記透明導電性フィルムは、表面抵抗値が、0.1Ω/□~1000Ω/□である。
1つの実施形態においては、上記透明導電層中の金属ナノワイヤの量x(g/m2)が、0.005g/m2~0.05g/m2である。
図1は、本発明の1つの実施形態による製造方法により得られた透明導電性フィルムの概略断面図である。透明導電性フィルム100は、基材10と、該基材10の片側に配置される透明導電層20とを含む。透明導電層20は、金属ナノワイヤを含む(図示せず)。
上記のとおり、透明導電層は、金属ナノワイヤを含む。
y=a×x ・・・(1)
式(1)において、aは、0.77以上である。本発明においては、金属ナノワイヤの量x(g/m2)と、導電率y(1/Ω)とが上記関係にあることにより、導電性に顕著に優れる透明導電性フィルムを得ることができる。本発明の透明導電性フィルムは、金属ナノワイヤの使用量を比較的少なくしつつも、高い導電性を有する。このような透明導電性フィルムは、高導電性と透明性(低ヘイズ)とが両立され得る点で非常に有利である。このような透明導電性フィルムは、後述のように、透明導電層形成用組成物を塗布して塗布層を形成し、当該塗布層を所定時間放置した後に、次工程の送風工程を行うことにより、得ることができる。塗布層を所定時間放置することにより、塗布層中の金属ナノワイヤの流動を好ましく調整することができ、金属ナノワイヤ同士の接触点が多くなるために上記のような効果が得られると考えられる。
上記基材を構成する材料は、任意の適切な材料が用いられ得る。具体的には、例えば、フィルムやプラスチックス基材などの高分子基材が好ましく用いられる。基材の平滑性および透明導電層形成用組成物に対する濡れ性に優れ、また、ロールによる連続生産により生産性を大幅に向上させ得るからである。
1つの実施形態においては、本発明の透明導電性フィルムの製造方法は、基材に金属ナノワイヤを含む透明導電層形成用組成物を塗布して塗布層を形成する塗布工程と、塗布層を所定時間放置する放置工程と、放置工程後に当該塗布層に送風する送風工程とを含む。このような製造方法によれば、上記透明導電性フィルム、すなわち、基材と基材の片側に配置された透明導電層とを備える透明導電性フィルムが得られる。上記製造方法は、上記塗布工程および送風工程の他、任意の適切なその他の工程を含んでいてもよい。1つの実施形態においては、上記製造方法は、送風工程後に塗布層を乾燥させる乾燥工程をさらに含み得る。別の実施形態においては、上記送風工程が上記塗布層を乾燥させ得る工程であり、送風工程を経て透明導電層が形成される。
上記のとおり、塗布工程においては、任意の適切な方法により、上記基材に、金属ナノワイヤを含む透明導電層形成用組成物を塗布して塗布層を形成する。1つの実施形態においては、長尺状の基材を搬送しながら、当該基材に金属ナノワイヤを含む透明導電層形成用組成物を塗布して塗布層を形成する。
放置工程は、上記のとおり、塗布層を所定時間放置する工程である。より具体的には、塗布層を25℃以下(好ましくは20℃~25℃)かつ無風状態の環境に、基材と塗布層とを含む積層構成を放置する工程である。本明細書において、無風状態とは風速(基材を搬送する場合においては、相対風速)0.5m/s未満の状態をいう。また、本明細書において、「放置」とは、無風状態下で塗布層厚みを減ずることを意味し、基材と塗布層とを含む積層構成を搬送しながら、塗布層厚みを減ずる操作も含む概念である。
塗布層への送風は、任意の適切な方法により行うことができる。1つの実施形態においては、塗布層の上方(基材とは反対側)、および/または側方に配置された送風機を用いて、塗布層への送風が行われ得る。送風方向は、任意の適切な方向とされる。例えば、塗布層面に対して所定の角度(例えば、10°~170°)を有するような送風方向としてもよく、塗布層面に略平行(例えば、塗布層面に対して10°未満)に送風してもよい。また、らせん状に吹く風を送ってもよい。送風方向は、例えば、送風機にルーバーを設け、当該ルーバーの方向により調整することができる。1つの実施形態においては、送風方向はルーバーの開口方向により規定される。また、らせん状の風を送る場合には、送風口に螺旋状の風向板を備える送風機が用いられ得る。
透明導電性フィルムの表面抵抗値(MDおよびTDの表面抵抗値)を、ナプソン株式会社製の非接触表面抵抗計 商品名「EC-80」を用いて、渦電流法により測定した。測定温度は23℃とした。また、表面抵抗値の逆数を求め、導電率とした。
また、{導電率y(1/Ω)/1m2あたりの金属ナノワイヤの量x(g/m2)}の式により、上記「y=a×x ・・・(1)」のa(m2/Ω・g)を求めた。
透明導電性フィルムのヘイズ値を、JIS 7136で定める方法により、ヘイズメーター(村上色彩科学研究所社製、商品名「HN-150」)を用いて測定した。
Chem.Mater.2002,14,4736-4745に記載の方法に基づいて、銀ナノワイヤを合成した。
純水に、上記で得られた銀ナノワイヤを0.2重量%、および、ドデシル-ペンタエチレングリコールを0.1重量%の濃度となるように分散し、透明導電層形成用組成物を得た。
基材としてPETフィルム(三菱樹脂製、商品名「S100」)を用いた。この基材を搬送ロールを用いて搬送しながら、当該基材上に、バーコーター(第一理科株式会社製、製品名「バーコーター No.6」)を用いて製造例1で調製した透明導電層形成用組成物を塗布して厚み(塗布層の初期厚みTs)13μmの塗布層を形成した(すなわち、1m2あたりの金属ナノワイヤの量x(g/m2)=0.012g/m2)。その後、塗布層の厚み(送風工程において送風を開始する際の塗布層の厚みTb)が9.1μm(すなわち、Tb/Ts=0.7)になるまで放置した(放置工程)。次いで、基材の中央から両端に幅方向内側から幅方向両外側へ向けた方向に送風を行った。基材の搬送方向と送風方向(塗布層面側から見た送風方向)とのなす角は90°とし、基材の搬送方向と送風方向(塗布層側方から見た送風方向)とのなす角は0°とした。また、風速は、2m/sとし、風の温度は25℃とした。また、送風時間(乾燥時間)は2分とした。
得られた透明導電性フィルムを上記評価(1)および(2)に供した。結果を表1に示す。
塗布層の初期厚みTs(結果として、金属ナノワイヤの量x)、送風工程において送風を開始する際(送風開始時)の塗布層の厚みTbを、表1に示すとおりとしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、透明導電性フィルムを得た。得られた透明導電性フィルムを上記評価(1)および(2)に供した。結果を表1に示す。
基材としてPETフィルム(三菱樹脂製、商品名「S100」)を用いた。この基材を搬送ロールを用いて搬送しながら、当該基材上に、バーコーター(第一理科株式会社製、製品名「バーコーター No.6」)を用いて製造例1で調製した透明導電層形成用組成物を塗布して厚み13μmの塗布層を形成した(すなわち、1m2あたりの金属ナノワイヤの量x(g/m2)=0.012g/m2)。その後、塗布層が形成された基材を炉内温度100℃のオーブンに2分間投入して、透明導電性フィルムを得た。得られた透明導電性フィルムを上記評価(1)および(2)に供した。結果を表1に示す。
20 透明導電層
100 透明導電性フィルム
Claims (4)
- 基材と、該基材の片側に配置される透明導電層とを備る、透明導電性フィルムであって、
該透明導電層が金属ナノワイヤを含み、
該透明導電層中の該金属ナノワイヤの量x(g/m2)と、透明導電性フィルムの導電率y(1/Ω)との関係が、下記式(1)の関係にある、
透明導電性フィルム:
y=a×x ・・・(1)
式(1)において、aは、0.77以上である。 - ヘイズ値が、20%以下である、請求項1に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 表面抵抗値が、0.1Ω/□~1000Ω/□である、請求項1または2に記載の透明導電性フィルム。
- 前記透明導電層中の金属ナノワイヤの量x(g/m2)が、0.005g/m2~0.05g/m2である、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の透明導電性フィルム。
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