WO2022145996A1 - 음극 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
음극 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022145996A1 WO2022145996A1 PCT/KR2021/020088 KR2021020088W WO2022145996A1 WO 2022145996 A1 WO2022145996 A1 WO 2022145996A1 KR 2021020088 W KR2021020088 W KR 2021020088W WO 2022145996 A1 WO2022145996 A1 WO 2022145996A1
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- Prior art keywords
- slurry
- negative electrode
- lower layer
- walled carbon
- weight
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an anode having improved fast charging performance while securing adhesion, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention is an application for priority claiming Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-0185311 filed on December 28, 2020, and all contents disclosed in the specification and drawings of the application are incorporated herein by reference.
- a lithium secondary battery has a structure in which an electrolyte containing lithium salt is impregnated in a negative electrode assembly with a porous separator interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, each of which is coated with an active material on an anode current collector.
- the negative electrode is prepared by applying a slurry in which an active material, a binder, and a conductive material are dispersed in a solvent to a current collector, drying and pressing.
- a secondary battery is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator.
- the negative electrode includes an anode active material for inserting and deintercalating lithium ions from the positive electrode, and as the negative electrode active material, a graphite-based active material, for example, natural graphite or artificial graphite may be used.
- artificial graphite is mainly used in the form of secondary particles.
- artificial graphite in the form of secondary particles may be obtained by generally granulating coke, which is a material of primary particles, to prepare secondary particles, and then graphitizing it through heat treatment.
- the negative electrode adhesive force resistance to the anode active material particles detached from the negative electrode
- the pores of the negative electrode are not uniform, the pore resistance of the negative electrode is increased, and the rapid charging performance of the battery is deteriorated.
- the negative electrode and the positive electrode are coated with the negative electrode slurry once on each negative current collector to constitute each negative electrode.
- the content is high and the binder content is decreased toward the current collector.
- the adhesive strength is decreased due to a decrease in the binder content near the current collector, and thus, in order to improve the adhesive strength decrease problem, the capacity is decreased due to an increase in resistance to increase the binder content.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and to provide an anode and a method for manufacturing the same, which improve fast charging performance while securing adhesion.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode.
- the present invention is to solve the above problems, and according to one aspect of the present invention, a negative electrode of the following embodiment is provided.
- anode active material layer comprising artificial graphite, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and a binder polymer,
- the anode active material layer consists of a lower layer region that interfaces with the current collector and an upper layer region that extends to the surface of the anode active material layer while interfacing with the lower layer region,
- the content of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is 0.003 to 0.07 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the lower layer region, and the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is 0.5 to 15 nm,
- the upper layer region is provided with an anode, characterized in that it does not include single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs).
- SWCNTs single-walled carbon nanotubes
- the content of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 0.005 to 0.045 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the lower layer region.
- the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 1 to 10 nm.
- At least one of the lower layer region and the upper layer region may further include spheroidized natural graphite.
- At least one of the lower layer region and the upper layer region may further include a conductive material other than single-walled carbon nanotubes.
- the content of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is 0.003 to 0.07 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total solid content of the slurry for the lower layer, and the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is 0.5 to 15 nm.
- a method for manufacturing an anode is provided.
- the content of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 0.005 to 0.045 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the lower layer region.
- the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 1 to 10 nm.
- the lower layer slurry may be coated on one surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the upper layer slurry may be coated on the lower layer slurry at the same time or with a time difference of 0.6 seconds or less.
- a lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode of any one of the first to fifth embodiments is provided.
- the binder polymer in the lower region is prevented from migrating to the surface.
- the adhesive strength of the negative electrode active material layer to the current collector can be greatly improved even when a small amount of the binder polymer is used.
- the negative electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention may contain a binder polymer in a small amount, and since the single-walled carbon nanotube is not included in the upper region of the negative electrode active material layer, the single-walled carbon nanotube is agglomerated between the active materials. Since the problem of increasing the pore resistance that suppresses the diffusion of lithium ions by the anode can be prevented, the rapid charging characteristics of the secondary battery employing such a negative electrode can be remarkably improved.
- anode active material layer comprising artificial graphite, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and a binder polymer,
- the anode active material layer consists of a lower layer region that interfaces with the current collector and an upper layer region that extends to the surface of the anode active material layer while interfacing with the lower layer region,
- the content of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is 0.003 to 0.07 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the lower layer region, and the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is 0.5 to 15 nm,
- the upper layer region is provided with an anode, characterized in that it does not include single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs).
- SWCNTs single-walled carbon nanotubes
- the artificial graphite is generally produced by carbonizing raw materials such as coal tar, coal tar pitch, and petroleum heavy products at 2,500° C. or higher, and particle size adjustment such as grinding and secondary particle formation after such graphitization It is then used as an anode active material.
- raw materials such as coal tar, coal tar pitch, and petroleum heavy products
- particle size adjustment such as grinding and secondary particle formation after such graphitization It is then used as an anode active material.
- crystals are randomly distributed within the particles, and the sphericity is lower than that of natural graphite and has a rather sharp shape.
- Artificial graphite used in one embodiment of the present invention includes commercially widely used MCMB (mesophase carbon microbeads), MPCF (mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber), artificial graphite graphitized in block form, and artificial graphite graphitized in powder form.
- MCMB mesophase carbon microbeads
- MPCF mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber
- artificial graphite graphitized in block form and artificial graphite graphitized in powder form.
- Graphite and the like, and artificial graphite having a sphericity of 0.7 or more, or 0.8 or more, or 0.83 or more is preferable.
- the artificial graphite may be in the form of primary particles, or may be in the form of secondary particles in which a plurality of the primary particles are aggregated.
- the artificial graphite primary particles may have a D50 of 6 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, specifically 6 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and more specifically 6 ⁇ m to 9 ⁇ m.
- the primary particles may be formed to a degree having high graphitization, and the orientation index of the negative active material particles may be appropriately secured to improve the rapid charging performance.
- Particle diameter Dn means a particle diameter at the n% point of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to the particle diameter. That is, D50 is the particle size at 50% of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to the particle size, D90 is the particle size at 90% of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to the particle size, and D10 is 10% of the cumulative distribution of the number of particles according to the particle size It is the particle diameter at the point.
- the Dn may be measured using a laser diffraction method. Specifically, after dispersing the powder to be measured in the dispersion medium, it is introduced into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device (eg, Microtrac S3500) to measure the difference in diffraction pattern depending on the particle size when the particles pass through the laser beam to measure the particle size distribution to calculate D10, D50, and D90 can be measured by calculating the particle diameter at the point used as 10%, 50%, and 90% of the particle number cumulative distribution according to the particle diameter in a measuring apparatus.
- a laser diffraction particle size measuring device eg, Microtrac S3500
- the half width of the artificial graphite may be 6 ⁇ m to 12.5 ⁇ m, specifically 7 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, and more specifically 8 ⁇ m to 11 ⁇ m.
- the full width at half maximum satisfies this range of 6 ⁇ m or more, the fine powder is prevented from being excessively removed, so that it is easy to smoothly granulate the primary particles into secondary particles later, and the structural stability of the manufactured secondary particles is improved, Accordingly, high-temperature storage characteristics of the battery may be improved.
- the half width at half maximum width satisfies this range of 12.5 ⁇ m or less, the pores in the negative electrode are uniformly formed, so the increase in the pore resistance of the negative electrode is suppressed to improve the fast charging performance of the battery, and also, the desorption of fine powder from the negative electrode is prevented. suppressed to improve the high-temperature storage performance of the battery, and furthermore, since it is not necessary to use a large amount of pitch and/or carbon precursor to suppress the desorption of the fine powder, the problem of reducing the capacity of the battery can be prevented.
- the half width corresponds to the width of the horizontal axis at a point corresponding to a half value of the maximum vertical axis value of the highest peak on the particle size distribution diagram.
- the Dmax of the artificial graphite primary particles may be 15 ⁇ m to 44 ⁇ m, specifically 16 ⁇ m to 34 ⁇ m, and more specifically 17 ⁇ m to 29 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the primary particles becomes generally small, so that lithium ions can be easily diffused in the negative electrode active material particles.
- Dmin of the artificial graphite primary particles may be 1.0 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m, specifically 1.3 ⁇ m to 4.6 ⁇ m, and more specifically 1.7 ⁇ m to 4.0 ⁇ m.
- the fine powder may be removed to an appropriate level, thereby improving anode adhesion, high-temperature storage performance of the battery, and fast charging performance.
- the artificial graphite secondary particles may be formed by granulating primary particles. That is, the secondary particles may be a structure formed by agglomeration of the primary particles with each other through a granulation process.
- the secondary particles may include a carbonaceous matrix that allows the primary particles to agglomerate.
- the carbonaceous matrix may include at least one of soft carbon and graphite.
- the soft carbon may be formed by heat-treating the pitch.
- the carbonaceous matrix may be included in an amount of 8 wt% to 16 wt% in the secondary particles, and specifically may be included in an amount of 9 wt% to 12 wt%.
- the range is less than the content of the carbonaceous matrix used for conventional artificial graphite secondary particles. This is because the particle size of the primary particles in the secondary particles is controlled, so that structurally stable secondary particles can be manufactured even if the content of the carbonaceous matrix required for granulation is small, and the amount of primary particles constituting the secondary particles is also can be uniform.
- a carbon coating layer may be included on the surface of the artificial graphite secondary particles, and the carbon coating layer may include at least one of amorphous carbon and crystalline carbon.
- the crystalline carbon may further improve the conductivity of the negative active material.
- the crystalline carbon may include at least one selected from the group consisting of fluorene, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.
- the amorphous carbon may suppress the expansion of the natural graphite by properly maintaining the strength of the coating layer.
- the amorphous carbon may be a carbon-based material formed by using at least one carbide or hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of tar, pitch, and other organic materials as a source of a chemical vapor deposition method.
- the carbide of the other organic material may be a carbide of an organic material selected from carbides of sucrose, glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, mannose, ribose, aldohexose or kedohexose, and combinations thereof.
- the hydrocarbon may be a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon.
- the aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon of the substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon may be metherine, etherine, ethylene, acetylene, propane, butane, butene, pentane, isobutane or hexane.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon of the substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, ethylbenzene, diphenylmethane, naphthalene, phenol, cresol, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, indene, coumaron, pyridine, anthracene or phenanthrene; and the like.
- the carbon coating layer may be included in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 5.0 wt% based on the total weight of the artificial graphite secondary particles, and specifically may be included in an amount of 1 wt% to 4 wt%. When the above range is satisfied, the conductivity of the negative active material particles may be improved while the capacity per weight of the negative active material particles is secured.
- the artificial graphite secondary particles may have a D50 of 10 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, specifically 12 ⁇ m to 22 ⁇ m, and more specifically 13 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m. When the above range is satisfied, the secondary artificial graphite particles may be evenly dispersed in the slurry, and the charging performance of the battery may be improved.
- the tap density of the artificial graphite secondary particles may be 0.85 g/cc to 1.30 g/cc, specifically 0.90 g/cc to 1.10 g/cc, and more specifically 0.90 g/cc to 1.07 g/cc can be When the above range is satisfied, since packing of the artificial graphite secondary particles in the negative electrode can be made smoothly, it means that the negative electrode adhesion can be improved.
- the negative electrode of the present invention when the average particle diameter and shape of the first active material included in the lower layer region and the second active material included in the upper layer region are different from each other, these different kinds of active materials are added to the portion where the lower layer region and the upper layer region contact each other.
- This is to form an active material layer in such a way that the lower layer slurry containing the first active material and the upper layer slurry containing the second active material are continuously coated on the current collector at the same time or with a very short time difference, and then dried at the same time. This is because, in this case, a predetermined mixing section is generated on the interface between the lower layer slurry and the upper layer slurry before drying, and the mixing section is formed in the form of a layer of the mixing section while drying.
- the artificial graphite in the lower region of the active material layer and the artificial graphite in the upper region of the active material layer may have the same or different physical properties such as average particle diameter and tap density.
- the weight ratio of the artificial graphite in the lower region of the active material layer to the artificial graphite in the upper region of the active material layer may be 25:75 to 50:50, specifically 37.5:62.5 to 50:50.
- this weight ratio range is satisfied, the rapid charging performance of artificial graphite can be maximized without including single-walled carbon nanotubes in the upper layer area while securing improvement in adhesion even with the minimum use of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the lower layer area.
- the weight ratio (or loading amount per unit area) of the upper layer region and the lower layer region may be 25:75 to 50:50, specifically 37.5:62.5 to 50:50.
- the weight ratio of the upper layer region and the lower layer region satisfies this range, the artificial single-wall carbon nanotube is not included in the upper layer region, while securing improvement in adhesion even with the use of a minimum single-wall carbon nanotube in the lower layer region. It is possible to maximize the rapid charging performance of graphite.
- the weight % of the first binder polymer in the lower layer region may be the same as or greater than the weight % of the second binder polymer in the upper layer region.
- the weight% of the first binder polymer in the lower layer region may be 1.0 to 4.2 times, or 1.5 to 3.6 times, or 1.5 to 3 times, than the weight% of the second binder polymer in the upper layer region.
- the binder in the lower layer region is not too small so that the electrode layer is not detached, and the upper layer Since there is not too much binder in the area, the resistance of the upper electrode layer is reduced and the fast charging performance can be advantageous.
- the ratio (wt%) of the first binder polymer in the lower layer of the anode active material layer is 2 to 5 wt%, or 2 to 4.5 wt%, or 2.8 to 4.2 wt%, and the anode active material layer
- the ratio (wt%) of the second binder polymer in the upper layer may be 0.5 to 2 wt%, or 1 to 1.8 wt%.
- the total ratio (wt%) of the first binder polymer and the second binder polymer in the entire negative electrode active material layer may be 1 to 3 wt%, or 2.0 to 2.8 wt%.
- the current collector for a negative electrode used as a substrate for forming the active material layer is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery, for example, copper, stainless steel, Aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., an aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. may be used.
- the thickness of the current collector is not particularly limited, but may have a commonly applied thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the first binder polymer and the second binder polymer are each independently polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (polyvinylidenefluoride), polyacrylonitrile (polyacrylonitrile) , polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, Various types of binder polymers such as styrene butyrene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, and various copolymers may be used.
- SBR styrene butyrene rubber
- fluororubber various copolymers
- a part of the binder polymer may increase the viscosity of the slurry for the active material layer, thereby serving as a thickener to improve the dispersion characteristics of the active material and single-walled carbon nanotubes.
- the first thickener included in the lower layer region and the second thickener included in the upper layer region may each independently be carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), carboxyethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, or the like.
- Single-walled carbon nanotubes are included in the lower region of the active material layer, and single-walled carbon nanotubes are not included in the upper region of the active material layer.
- the single-walled carbon nanotube is a material in which carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal shape form a tube, and exhibits insulator, conductor, or semiconductor properties according to its unique chirality, and the carbon atoms are connected by strong covalent bonds.
- the tensile strength is about 100 times greater than that of steel, and it has excellent flexibility and elasticity, and is chemically stable.
- the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is 0.5 nm to 15 nm.
- the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be 1 to 10 nm, or 1 nm to 5 nm, or 1 nm to 2 nm.
- the electrical conductivity of the negative electrode can be maintained even when the single-walled carbon nanotube is included in a very small content, and desirable viscosity and solid content can be derived when preparing the conductive material dispersion. do.
- the single-walled carbon nanotubes may exist in an entangled state (aggregate) by agglomeration with each other. Accordingly, the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes constituting the aggregate is determined by checking the diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotube aggregate in an entangled state extracted from the conductive material dispersion by SEM or TEM, and then determining the diameter of the aggregate. It can be derived by dividing by the number of
- the BET specific surface area of the single-walled carbon nanotube may be 500 m 2 /g to 1,500 m 2 /g, or 900 m 2 /g to 1,200 m 2 /g, specifically, 250 m 2 /g to 330 m 2 It can be /g.
- a conductive material dispersion having a desirable solid content is derived, and the viscosity of the negative electrode slurry is prevented from increasing excessively.
- the BET specific surface area may be measured through a nitrogen adsorption BET method.
- the aspect ratio of the single-walled carbon nanotube may be 50 to 20,000, or the length of the single-walled carbon nanotube may be 5 to 100 ⁇ m, or 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the specific surface area is at a high level, so that the single-walled carbon nanotubes in the anode may be adsorbed to the active material particles by strong attractive force. Accordingly, the conductive network may be smoothly maintained even when the anode active material expands in volume.
- the aspect ratio can be confirmed by obtaining the average of the aspect ratios of 15 single-walled carbon nanotubes having a large aspect ratio and 15 single-walled carbon nanotubes having a small aspect ratio when the single-walled carbon nanotube powder is observed through SEM.
- the commercial single-walled carbon nanotube is advantageous in terms of being able to construct an electrical network using only a small amount because of its large aspect ratio, long length, and large volume.
- the content of the single-walled carbon nanotubes is 0.003 to 0.07 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the lower region of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the content of the single-walled carbon nanotube may be 0.005 to 0.045 parts by weight, or 0.010 to 0.040 parts by weight, or 0.015 to 0.030 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the lower layer region of the negative electrode active material layer. have.
- At least one of the lower layer region and the upper layer region may further include a conductive material in addition to the single-walled carbon nanotube.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery.
- carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, Farnes black, lamp black, thermal black carbon black such as; conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; metal powders such as fluorocarbon, aluminum, and nickel powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the content of the single-walled carbon nanotube is 0.003 to 0.07 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total solid content of the slurry for the lower layer, and the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotube is 0.5 to 15 nm.
- a manufacturing method is provided.
- the active material artificial graphite
- the binder polymer the first binder polymer, the second binder polymer contained in the slurry for the lower layer and the slurry for the upper layer
- a thickener the first thickener, the second thickener
- the lower layer slurry Single-walled carbon nanotubes and the like included only in the carbon nanotubes are the same as described above.
- the first dispersion medium and the second dispersion medium as the dispersion medium may each independently use N-methylpyrrolidone, acetone, water, or the like.
- the lower region of the active material layer of the negative electrode of the present invention is formed from the coated lower layer slurry, and the upper region of the active material layer of the negative electrode of the present invention is formed from the upper layer slurry.
- the thickness of the lower layer region and the upper layer region of the active material layer of the negative electrode of the present invention may not completely match the thicknesses of the coated slurry for the lower layer and the coated slurry for the upper layer.
- the ratio of the thickness of the lower layer region and the upper layer region of the active material layer of the negative electrode of the negative electrode of the present invention finally obtained is the thickness of the coated lower layer slurry and the coated upper layer slurry. It can match the ratio.
- the first slurry is coated, and the second slurry is coated on the first slurry at the same time or with a predetermined time difference, and according to an embodiment of the present invention, the predetermined time difference is 0.6 seconds or less, or 0.02 seconds to It may be a time difference of 0.6 seconds, or 0.02 seconds to 0.06 seconds, or 0.02 seconds to 0.03 seconds.
- the time difference occurring during the coating of the first slurry and the second slurry is due to the coating equipment, so it may be more preferable to simultaneously coat the first slurry and the second slurry.
- a method of coating the second slurry on the first slurry may use an apparatus such as a double slot die.
- the step of forming the active material layer may further include rolling the active material layer after the drying step.
- the rolling may be performed by a method commonly used in the art, such as roll pressing, for example, may be performed at a pressure of 1 to 20 MPa and a temperature of 15 to 30 °C.
- the step of simultaneously drying the coated slurry for the lower layer and the slurry for the upper layer to form the active material layer is performed by using a combination of hot air drying and infrared drying apparatus (a method commonly used in the art) .
- the weight % of the first binder polymer in the solid content of the slurry for the lower layer may be the same as or greater than the weight % of the second binder polymer in the solid content of the slurry for the upper layer.
- the weight % of the first binder polymer in the solid content of the slurry for the lower layer is 1.0 to 4.2 times, or 1.5 to 3.6 times, than the weight percent of the second binder polymer in the solid content of the upper layer slurry, or 1.5 to 3 times larger.
- the binder in the lower layer region is not too small and the electrode layer is detached. does not occur, and there is not too much binder in the upper layer region, so the resistance of the upper layer of the electrode is reduced and the fast charging performance can be advantageous.
- the weight% of the first binder polymer in the solid content of the slurry for the lower layer is 2 to 5% by weight, or 2 to 4.5% by weight, or 2.8 to 4.2% by weight, and the weight% of the second binder polymer in the solid content of the slurry for the upper layer may be 0.5 to 2% by weight, or 1 to 1.8% by weight.
- the total ratio (wt%) of the first binder polymer and the second binder polymer in the total solid content of the slurry for the lower layer and the slurry for the upper layer may be 1 to 3 wt%, or 2.0 to 2.8 wt%.
- the lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode prepared as described above.
- the lithium secondary battery may be manufactured by injecting a lithium salt-containing electrolyte into a negative electrode assembly including the positive electrode, the negative electrode as described above, and a separator interposed therebetween.
- a slurry is prepared by mixing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder, and a solvent, and the slurry is directly coated on a metal current collector, or a positive electrode active material film, which is cast on a separate support and peeled off the support, is laminated on the metal current collector.
- a positive electrode can be manufactured.
- LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiFePO 4 and LiNi 1-xyz Co x M1 y M2 z O 2 (M1 and M2 are each independently Al, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, V, Cr, Ti, W, Ta, Mg and any one selected from the group consisting of Mo, x, y and z are each independently 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ as the atomic fraction of the oxide composition elements y ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ x+y+z ⁇ 1) may include any one active material particle selected from the group consisting of, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the conductive material, the binder and the solvent may be used in the same manner as used for manufacturing the negative electrode.
- the separator is a conventional porous polymer film used as a conventional separator, for example, an ethylene homopolymer, a propylene homopolymer, an ethylene/butene copolymer, an ethylene/hexene copolymer, and an ethylene/methacrylate copolymer.
- the prepared porous polymer film may be used alone or by laminating them.
- an insulating thin film having high ion permeability and mechanical strength may be used.
- the separator may include a safety reinforced separator (SRS) in which a ceramic material is thinly coated on a surface of the separator.
- a conventional porous nonwoven fabric for example, a nonwoven fabric made of high melting point glass fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, etc. may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the electrolyte includes a lithium salt and an organic solvent for dissolving the lithium salt as an electrolyte.
- the lithium salt may be used without limitation as long as it is commonly used in electrolytes for secondary batteries.
- the organic solvent included in the electrolyte may be used without limitation as long as it is commonly used, and representatively, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide At least one selected from the group consisting of side, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, vinylene carbonate, sulfolane, gamma-butyrolactone, propylene sulfite and tetrahydrofuran may be used.
- ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate which are cyclic carbonates
- an electrolyte having a high electrical conductivity can be prepared, which can be more preferably used.
- the electrolyte stored according to the present invention may further include additives such as an overcharge inhibitor included in a conventional electrolyte.
- a separator is disposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode to form a negative electrode assembly, and the negative electrode assembly is placed in, for example, a pouch, a cylindrical battery case or a prismatic battery case, and then the electrolyte When injected, the secondary battery can be completed.
- a lithium secondary battery may be completed by stacking the negative electrode assembly, impregnating it with an electrolyte, and sealing the resultant product in a battery case.
- the lithium secondary battery may be a stack type, a wound type, a stack and fold type, or a cable type.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention can be used not only in a battery cell used as a power source for a small device, but can also be preferably used as a unit cell in a medium or large battery module including a plurality of battery cells.
- Preferred examples of the mid-to-large device include electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and power storage systems. In particular, it is useful in areas requiring high output such as hybrid electric vehicles and new and renewable energy storage batteries. can be used
- D50 is 16.7 ⁇ m
- tap density is 94.9 parts by weight of artificial graphite having a tap density of 0.91 g/cc
- 0.995 parts by weight of carbon black as a conductive material and 0.005 parts by weight of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) having an average diameter of 1 nm
- first binder polymer 3.0 parts by weight of raw styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and 1.1 parts by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were mixed, and water was added as a first dispersion medium to prepare a lower layer slurry.
- the solid content of the slurry for the lower layer was 48 wt%.
- D50 is 16.7 ⁇ m
- tap density is 94.9 parts by weight of artificial graphite having a tap density of 0.91 g/cc
- 1.0 parts by weight of carbon black as a conductive material 3.0 parts by weight of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as a second binder polymer, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ) 1.1 parts by weight was mixed, and water was added as a second dispersion medium to prepare a slurry for an upper layer.
- the solid content of the slurry for the upper layer was 49% by weight.
- the lower layer slurry was coated on one surface of a copper (Cu) thin film serving as a negative current collector having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, and the upper layer slurry was coated on the lower layer slurry at the same time.
- the loading amount of the slurry for the lower layer and the slurry for the upper layer was 0.0053 mg/cm 2 and 0.0053 g/cm 2 , respectively.
- the coated slurry for the lower layer and the slurry for the upper layer were simultaneously dried using a combined hot air drying and infrared drying method to form an active material layer.
- the drying room of the drying apparatus had 10 drying zones from the first drying zone to which the slurry-coated current collector enters for the first time to the 10th drying zone, and at this time, 8 hot air fans only from the first drying zone to the third drying zone IR heaters were respectively disposed between the and the hot air blowers, so that a total of 8 IR heaters were provided.
- the hot air flow of the hot air machine is controlled only in such a way that it proceeds from the upper part to the lower part of the dryer, and in the seventh drying zone to the tenth drying zone, the hot air flow proceeds from the upper part to the lower part of the dryer.
- the hot air blower and the hot air fan that flowed from the bottom to the top were alternately arranged and operated.
- a stage was positioned on the lower surface of the slurry-coated current collector (electrode sheet) in the drying apparatus to move the slurry-coated current collector, and the running speed of the slurry-coated current collector was 50 m/min.
- the speed of the air supply fan forming the air supply flow from the outside of the drying chamber was 1000 rpm
- the speed of the exhaust fan forming the exhaust air flow from the inside of the drying chamber was 1000 rpm.
- the temperature of the hot air blower was 140°C in the first drying zone, 130°C in the second drying zone, 120°C in the third to eighth drying zones, 90°C in the ninth drying zone, and 50°C in the tenth drying zone.
- the IR heaters installed in the first to third drying zones emit near-infrared rays having a wavelength of 0.7 ⁇ m, and the irradiation length of the IR heater is 30 cm per heater (the length of the lamp irradiated with near-infrared rays from the IR heater is 30 cm), Twenty-four IR heaters (8 per drying zone, 24 in 3 zones) were evenly spaced throughout the three drying zones. At this time, only three IR heaters were used while maintaining a uniform spacing among all 24 IR heaters. That is, the IR heater was operated with an efficiency of 12.5% based on the efficiency when all the IR heaters were used.
- the active material layers in the upper and lower regions thus formed were simultaneously rolled by a roll pressing method to prepare a negative electrode having a double-layered active material layer having a thickness of 78 ⁇ m and an upper/lower region.
- LiPF 6 was dissolved to a concentration of 1.0M in an organic solvent mixed with ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) in a composition of 3:7 (volume ratio), and an additive of 0.5wt% of vinylene carbonate (VC) was added. It was dissolved to prepare an electrolyte solution.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- VC vinylene carbonate
- the electrolyte was injected to prepare a coin-type half secondary battery.
- a negative electrode and a secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conductive material added to the lower layer slurry was changed to 0.005 parts by weight of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having an average diameter of 10 nm.
- SWCNTs single-walled carbon nanotubes
- a negative electrode and a secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conductive material added to the lower layer slurry was changed to 0.955 parts by weight of carbon black and 0.045 parts by weight of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having an average diameter of 1 nm. did
- the negative electrode, the positive electrode, and the secondary were in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conductive material added to the lower layer slurry was changed to 0.955 parts by weight of carbon black and 0.045 parts by weight of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having an average diameter of 10 nm.
- SWCNTs single-walled carbon nanotubes
- a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that 95.4 parts by weight of artificial graphite added to the lower layer slurry and 2.5 parts by weight of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as the first binder polymer were changed.
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- D50 is 16.7 ⁇ m
- tap density is 94.9 parts by weight of artificial graphite having a tap density of 0.91 g/cc
- carbon black as a conductive material
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- the slurry was coated on one surface of a 10 ⁇ m-thick copper (Cu) thin film serving as an anode current collector. At this time, the loading amount of the slurry was 0.0105 mg/cm 2 .
- Example 2 the coated slurry was dried using a combination of hot air drying and infrared drying to form an active material layer having a single layer structure, and the active material layer thus formed was rolled by a roll pressing method. was rolled to prepare a negative electrode having an active material layer having a thickness of 78 ⁇ m.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the negative electrode thus prepared was used.
- An anode and a secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the conductive material added to the slurry was changed to 0.005 parts by weight of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) having an average diameter of 1.0 nm.
- SWCNT single-walled carbon nanotube
- a negative electrode and a secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conductive material added to the lower layer slurry was changed to 0.998 parts by weight of carbon black and 0.002 parts by weight of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having an average diameter of 1.0 nm. did
- a negative electrode and a secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conductive material added to the lower layer slurry was changed to 0.998 parts by weight of carbon black and 0.002 parts by weight of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having an average diameter of 10 nm. .
- SWCNTs single-walled carbon nanotubes
- a negative electrode and a secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conductive material added to the lower layer slurry was changed to 0.9 parts by weight of carbon black and 0.1 parts by weight of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) having an average diameter of 10 nm. .
- SWCNTs single-walled carbon nanotubes
- a negative electrode and a secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conductive material added to the lower layer slurry was changed to 0.955 parts by weight of carbon black and 0.045 parts by weight of carbon nanotubes (CNT) having an average diameter of 20 nm.
- CNT carbon nanotubes
- a negative electrode and a secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conductive material added to the lower layer slurry was changed to 0.7 parts by weight of carbon black and 0.3 parts by weight of carbon nanotube (CNT) having an average diameter of 20 nm.
- CNT carbon nanotube
- the conductive material added to the slurry for the lower layer and the slurry for the upper layer was changed to 0.955 parts by weight of carbon black and 0.005 parts by weight of carbon nanotubes (CNT) having an average diameter of 1 nm.
- CNT carbon nanotubes
- a negative electrode and a secondary battery were prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that a slurry was prepared using 0.955 parts by weight of carbon black as a conductive material and 0.045 parts by weight of carbon nanotubes (CNT) having an average diameter of 10 nm.
- CNT carbon nanotubes
- a negative electrode and a secondary battery were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the upper and lower layers were changed and coated using the slurry for the lower layer and the slurry for the upper layer of Example 3. Specifically, while using the same slurry for the lower layer and the slurry for the upper layer of Example 3, using a double slot die, the upper layer of the slurry is coated on one surface of the copper (Cu) thin film that is the negative electrode current collector having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m. At the same time, it was coated by coating the lower layer slurry on the upper layer slurry. At this time, the loading amount of the slurry for the upper layer and the slurry for the lower layer was 0.0053 mg/cm 2 and 0.0053 g/cm 2 , respectively.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- a lithium (Li) metal thin film cut into a circle of 1.7671 cm 2 was used as the positive electrode.
- a separator of porous polyethylene is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode (the negative electrode of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10, respectively), and the mixing volume ratio of methylethyl carbonate (EMC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) is 7:3
- EMC methylethyl carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- the output voltage according to the SOC change was expressed in a graph while charging in CC mode (3C) for 15 minutes. .
- the X-axis is SOC and the Y-axis is displayed on the graph to indicate the measured output voltage, and then the rapid charging performance was evaluated by finding the slope change point through dV/dQ differentiation to determine the Li plating SOC. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the negative electrode was punched with 20mm ⁇ 150mm and fixed using a tape at the center of a 25mm ⁇ 75mm slide glass, and then the 90 degree peel strength was measured while peeling off the current collector using UTM.
- the evaluation was determined as an average value by measuring the peel strength of 5 or more.
- the negative electrode prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and the secondary battery using the same have excellent adhesion to the negative electrode as compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 10, and at the same time, the 3.0 C Li plating SOC value is also greatly increased. Therefore, it was found that the fast charging performance was also remarkably improved.
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Abstract
Description
3.0 C Li plating SOC (%) | 접착력(gf/10mm) | |
실시예 1 | 34 | 23 |
실시예 2 | 34 | 20 |
실시예 3 | 34 | 30 |
실시예 4 | 34 | 22 |
실시예 5 | 37 | 18 |
비교예 1 | 34 | 17 |
비교예 2 | 29 | 23 |
비교예 3 | 34 | 18 |
비교예 4 | 34 | 17 |
비교예 5 | 34 | 18 |
비교예 6 | 34 | 17 |
비교예 7 | 34 | 19 |
비교예 8 | 29 | 22 |
비교예 9 | 31 | 22 |
비교예 10 | 30 | 17 |
Claims (10)
- 집전체; 및상기 집전체의 적어도 일면에 위치하고, 인조흑연, 단일벽 카본나노튜브(SWCNT), 및 바인더 고분자를 포함하는 음극활물질층을 구비하고,상기 음극활물질층이 상기 집전체와 면접하는 하층 영역과 상기 하층 영역과 면접하면서 음극활물질층의 표면까지 연장되는 상층 영역으로 이루어지고,상기 단일벽 카본나노튜브의 함량이 상기 하층 영역 100 중량부 기준으로 0.003 내지 0.07 중량부이고, 상기 단일벽 카본나노튜브의 평균직경이 0.5 내지 15nm이며,상기 상층 영역에는 단일벽 카본나노튜브(SWCNT)를 포함하지 않는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 단일벽 카본나노튜브의 함량이 상기 하층 영역 100 중량부 기준으로 0.005 내지 0.045 중량부인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 단일벽 카본나노튜브의 평균직경이 1 내지 10nm인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 하층 영역 및 상층 영역 중 1 이상의 영역이 구형화 천연 흑연을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 하층 영역 및 상층 영역 중 1 이상의 영역이 단일벽 카본나노튜브 이외의 다른 도전재를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극.
- 인조흑연, 제1 바인더 고분자, 단일벽 카본나노튜브 및 제1 분산매를 포함하는 하층용 슬러리;와, 인조흑연, 제2 바인더 고분자, 및 제2 분산매를 포함하되 단일벽 카본나노튜브(SWCNT)를 포함하지 않는 상층용 슬러리;를 준비하는 단계;음극 집전체의 일면에 상기 하층용 슬러리를 코팅하고, 동시에 또는 소정의 시간차를 두고 상기 하층용 슬러리 위에 상기 상층용 슬러리를 코팅하는 단계; 및상기 코팅된 하층용 슬러리 및 상층용 슬러리를 동시에 건조하여 활물질층을 형성하는 단계;를 포함하고,상기 단일벽 카본나노튜브의 함량이 상기 하층용 슬러리의 전체 고형분 100 중량부 기준으로 0.003 내지 0.07 중량부이고, 상기 단일벽 카본나노튜브의 평균직경이 0.5 내지 15nm인 것을 특징으로 하는 제1항의 음극의 제조방법.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 단일벽 카본나노튜브의 함량이 상기 하층 영역 100 중량부 기준으로 0.005 내지 0.045 중량부인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극의 제조방법.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 단일벽 카본나노튜브의 평균직경이 1 내지 10nm인 것을 특징으로 하는 음극의 제조방법.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 음극 집전체의 일면에 상기 하층용 슬러리를 코팅하고, 동시에 또는 0.6초 이하의 시간차를 두고 상기 하층용 슬러리 위에 상기 상층용 슬러리를 코팅하는 것을 특징으로 하는 음극의 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제5항 중 어느 한 항의 음극을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
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CN202180049267.8A CN115836404A (zh) | 2020-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | 负极及其制造方法 |
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KR20130116027A (ko) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-22 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전극의 제조방법 및 이를 사용하여 제조되는 전극 |
CN104425825A (zh) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-03-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种锂离子电池电极结构及其制备方法 |
KR20190117387A (ko) * | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전극, 상기 전극을 포함하는 이차 전지, 및 상기 전극의 제조 방법 |
KR20200018531A (ko) | 2020-02-10 | 2020-02-19 | 봉평메밀에프앤비 영농조합법인 | 커피제조용 메밀 및 그 제조방법 |
JP2020087653A (ja) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-06-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 負極 |
CN112018328A (zh) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-01 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | 一种掺硅负极片及包括该负极片的锂离子电池 |
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KR20130116027A (ko) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-10-22 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전극의 제조방법 및 이를 사용하여 제조되는 전극 |
CN104425825A (zh) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-03-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种锂离子电池电极结构及其制备方法 |
KR20190117387A (ko) * | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 전극, 상기 전극을 포함하는 이차 전지, 및 상기 전극의 제조 방법 |
JP2020087653A (ja) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-06-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 負極 |
KR20200018531A (ko) | 2020-02-10 | 2020-02-19 | 봉평메밀에프앤비 영농조합법인 | 커피제조용 메밀 및 그 제조방법 |
CN112018328A (zh) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-01 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | 一种掺硅负极片及包括该负极片的锂离子电池 |
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