WO2022130753A1 - ドレッグス改質剤、及びドレッグス改質方法 - Google Patents
ドレッグス改質剤、及びドレッグス改質方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022130753A1 WO2022130753A1 PCT/JP2021/037550 JP2021037550W WO2022130753A1 WO 2022130753 A1 WO2022130753 A1 WO 2022130753A1 JP 2021037550 W JP2021037550 W JP 2021037550W WO 2022130753 A1 WO2022130753 A1 WO 2022130753A1
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- dregs
- water content
- residue
- slurry
- present
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Images
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- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/147—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using organic substances
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/02—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters of acid, neutral or alkaline sulfite lye
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dregs modifying agent, a dregs modifying method, and the like.
- the dregs slurry is discharged from the green liquor clarifier, and the solid content concentration of the dregs slurry is 8 to 10% by mass, and about 90% by mass of green liquor is contained. It is strongly alkaline.
- This dregs slurry is not discarded as it is outside the system, but is separated into a filtrate and a dregs residue through a washing step and a concentration step.
- the filtrate is recovered and reused as residual alkaline content (NaOH, Na 2S, Na 2 CO 3 , etc.), but the remaining dregs residue that was not recovered is either sent to a wastewater treatment plant or industrial waste. It is discarded as a thing.
- the Dregs component refers to the inert impurities contained in the Smelt generated from the recovery boiler, and the inert impurities are unburned carbon, SiO 2 , Mg compound, Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , Cr. Contains components such as 2O3 .
- the slurry separated and extracted as waste mud contains a dregs component, and the extracted slurry is sometimes called a dregs slurry. Since this dregs slurry is difficult to filter and is also strongly alkaline, it has poor detergency and dehydration, and the dregs residue after dehydration is also highly alkaline.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 have proposed a method for efficiently treating such a difficult-to-filter and strongly alkaline dregs slurry.
- Patent Document 1 an air pipe having a plurality of air nozzles is attached in the vicinity of the discharge roll of the belt filter, and the filter cake conveyed to the discharge roll by the belt-shaped filter cloth is blown out from the air pipe. Discloses a method of peeling from a belt-shaped filter cloth.
- Patent Document 2 when dehydration cleaning of dregs generated in the kraft pulp manufacturing process, a drum type precoat filter is used, and caustic mud (calcium carbonate) generated in the chemical recovery process is filtered to form a required thickness.
- caustic mud calcium carbonate
- the residual alkali content is removed from the dregs slurry through a concentration step of mechanically removing water from the dregs slurry using a dehydrator to concentrate the solid content of the dregs slurry. It was divided into a filtrate containing and a dregs residue.
- concentration step separation failure in the sedimentation concentration type and dehydration failure in the drum filter type occur, so that the recovery of the residual alkali content from the dregs slurry becomes insufficient, and as a result, the dregs having a large residual alkali content. It was a residue.
- dregs residue is expressed as “dehydrated dregs slurry”. Further, in the present specification, “dregs slurry or dregs residue” is also referred to as “dregs”. Further, in the present specification, “dregs reforming” means that the properties of dregs are improved.
- the "dregs reforming" means, for example, that the dispersibility of the dregs component in the dregs can be improved, the viscosity of the dregs can be reduced, the water content of the dregs can be reduced, the residual alkali content from the dregs can be reduced, and the residual alkali content from the dregs can be reduced.
- the recovery rate of the alkali content can be improved, and the dregs can be used as a reusable recycled material for roadbed materials and the like, and one or more of these can be selected.
- the present inventors have obtained a dregs slurry or dregs residue generated by green liquor treatment by using a dispersant as a drug and / or by monitoring the water content of the dregs residue and adjusting the added drug. It was found that it can be modified better. That is, the present invention is as follows.
- the present invention provides a dregs modifier containing a dispersant.
- the dispersant may be a carboxylic acid compound.
- the dispersant may be a carboxylic acid compound, and the carboxylic acid compound may be a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, and / or a polycarboxylic acid polymer or a salt thereof.
- the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof may be an aldonic acid and / or an intramolecular lactone thereof, or a salt thereof.
- the polycarboxylic acid polymer or a salt thereof may be a (meth) acrylic acid-based polymer or a salt thereof.
- the dispersant may be used to be added to the washed dregs.
- the present invention can provide a dregs modifying method in which the dregs modifier is added to a dregs slurry.
- the method may be a method for reducing the water content of the dregs or a method for improving the recovery rate of the residual alkali content from the dregs.
- the present invention can provide a dregs reforming method in which the water content of a dregs residue is monitored by using a moisture measuring device and the amount of the dregs modifier added to the dregs slurry is controlled from the water content.
- the moisture measuring device may be an optical moisture meter.
- the dregs modifier may be a dregs modifier containing the dispersant.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram showing the results (examples) of the water content of the dregs residue in the drug according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram showing the results of the water content of the dregs residue in the drug according to the present invention.
- the vertical axis is the water content (%), and the horizontal axis is a blank (0 mg / L) from the left, comparative example: polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether (500 mg / L and 5000 mg / L).
- Test Example 2 the relationship between the water content (%) (horizontal axis) of the dregs residue when using a near-infrared moisture meter and the water content (%) (vertical axis) of the dregs residue in the manual analysis is shown. It is a figure.
- the agent such as the Dregs modifier according to the present embodiment preferably contains a dispersant.
- the dispersant is preferably an agent capable of dispersing the inorganic substance contained in the dregs in a liquid or a slurry.
- the dispersant may be a dregs viscosity reducing agent capable of reducing the viscosity of the dregs.
- the dregs using the agent of the present embodiment are preferably dregs slurries drained by a green liquid clarifier, but may be dregs residues.
- the dregs slurry or the dregs residue can be modified.
- the form of the dregs is not particularly limited and may be in the form of a slurry or a solid, but the form of a slurry is preferable.
- the properties of the dregs slurry or dregs residue using the agent of the present embodiment are not particularly limited.
- the pH of the dregs slurry or dregs residue is preferably 11 or more, more preferably 12 or more, still more preferably 13 or more.
- the solid content concentration (evaporation residue) of the dregs slurry is preferably 1 to 40%, more preferably 5 to 40%, still more preferably 8 to 30%.
- the total alkalinity (Na2O conversion value) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 40 g-Na2O / L, and more preferably 10 to 30 g-Na2O / L.
- the funnel viscosity is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 50 seconds, more preferably 10 to 40 seconds when the dregs are heated to 60 ° C.
- Dispersant used in the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is an agent capable of dispersing a dregs component (preferably an inorganic substance in dregs), but is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a carboxylic acid compound and / or a phosphate-based dispersant. Dispersants and the like can be mentioned. Examples of the dispersant include carboxylic acid compounds such as polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a polycarboxylic acid polymer or a salt thereof, and an unsaturated fatty acid salt, and a phosphate-based dispersant, which are selected from these. One kind or two or more kinds can be used.
- the carboxylic acid compound means a compound having one or more substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl groups in the molecule.
- the substituted carboxyl group include a carboxylic acid alkyl ester composed of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, and the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the molecule has 1 or more and 8 or less carboxyl groups, and the molecular weight (MW) is preferably in the range of 50 to 1000, more preferably 90 to 500.
- carboxylic acid compounds are preferred from the viewpoint of better fluidity and dehydration.
- carboxylic acid compounds one or more selected from polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acid polymers, and salts thereof are preferable.
- the carboxylic acid compound is more preferably one or more selected from aldonic acid and / or an intramolecular lactone thereof, a (meth) acrylic acid-based polymer, and salts thereof.
- the salt is not particularly limited, but is, for example, an alkali metal salt (for example, sodium, potassium, etc.), an alkaline earth metal salt (for example, calcium, magnesium, etc.), an ammonium salt (for example, ammonia, organic).
- Alkali for example, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary ammonium salt, etc.
- Alkali for example, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary ammonium salt, etc.
- Alkali for example, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary ammonium salt, etc.
- the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof used in this embodiment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include compounds having a hydroxy group and a carboxyl group and having at least one carboxyl group at the end of the molecule.
- the number of carboxyl groups in the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid molecule may be one or more, more specifically 1 to 3, more preferably 1 to 2, and more specifically poly. Hydroxymonocarboxylic acids and / or polyhydroxydicarboxylic acids are preferred.
- the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid is not particularly limited, but is erythronic acid; aldonic acid such as gluconic acid, mannonic acid, glonic acid and glucuronolactone and its intramolecular lactone; polyhydroxymono such as uronic acid such as glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid.
- the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid one or more selected from these can be used.
- the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid is more preferably a polyhydroxymonocarboxylic acid.
- the polyhydroxymonocarboxylic acid is preferably [Chemical Formula 1]: HO-CH 2- [CH (OH)] n -COOH.
- N in the [Chemical Formula 1] is an integer, and the number is not particularly limited, but an integer from 1 to 8 is preferable.
- aldonic acid is preferable, and among the aldonic acids, gluconic acid is more preferable.
- polycarboxylic acid polymer or its salt examples include water-soluble polymer polymers having a substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl group, and an unsubstituted carboxyl group is preferable.
- the "polymer” may be either a monopolymer or a copolymer. It may be a polycarboxylic acid polymer salt.
- the polycarboxylic acid polymer is not particularly limited, and is, for example, (meth) acrylic acid-based polymer, maleic acid-based polymer, polycitrate, polyasparaginic acid, polyglutamic acid, poly (3-hydroxy) butyric acid, polyitaconic acid and the like. , And one or more selected from these can be used.
- (Meta) acrylic acid refers to acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or a combination thereof.
- the carboxyl group polymer the following (meth) acrylic acid-based polymer and / or maleic acid-based polymer is preferable, and the (meth) acrylic acid-based polymer is more preferable.
- These polymers may be in the form of salts, and examples thereof include polyacrylic acid salts such as sodium polyacrylate.
- the (meth) acrylic acid-based polymer and the maleic acid-based polymer will be described below.
- (Meta) acrylic acid-based polymer As the (meth) acrylic acid-based polymer used in the present embodiment, a (meth) acrylic acid-based monopolymer and / or a (meth) acrylic acid-based copolymer can be used.
- the (meth) acrylic acid-based monopolymer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a (meth) acrylic acid homopolymer and a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester homopolymer.
- the alkyl group in the "(meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester” is not particularly limited, but the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and more specifically, for example, a linear alkyl (carbon) such as methyl, ethyl, and butyl. Numbers 1 to 4 etc.); Branched chain alkyl such as 2-ethylhexyl (carbon number 3 to 8 etc.); Even if it has an amino group such as 2-dimethylaminoethyl or 2-hydroxyethyl, or a substituent such as a hydroxy group. Examples include good alkyl groups.
- the amino group and the hydroxy group may have one or more substituents, and the substituent is preferably an alkyl group (for example, 1 to 3 carbon atoms).
- One or more selected from these (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters can be used.
- the (meth) acrylic acid-based copolymer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a (meth) acrylic acid monomer and another copolymerizable unsaturated monomer or unsaturated oligomer. Be done.
- the (meth) acrylic acid-based polymer used in the present embodiment one or more of the above-mentioned (meth) acrylic acid-based homopolymers and copolymers can be used.
- the copolymerizable unsaturated monomer is not particularly limited, but for example, maleic acid, (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid ester, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy. -3-Acrylic acid-1-propanesulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, acrylamide, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, butylene, isobutylene, hexene, 2-ethylhexene, penten, isopenten, octene, isooctene, vinyl alcohol, Examples thereof include vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and the like and salts thereof.
- the copolymerizable oligomer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include copolymerizable oligomers obtained from one or more selected from the copolymerizable unsaturated monomers.
- the copolymerizable unsaturated monomer and the copolymerizable oligomer one or more selected from these may be used.
- the maleic acid-based polymer used in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and is, for example, maleic anhydride homopolymer, maleic anhydride-vinyl acetate copolymer, maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer, and maleic anhydride-. Examples thereof include an acrylonitrile copolymer.
- the maleic acid-based copolymer include a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a maleic acid monomer and the other copolymerizable unsaturated monomer or unsaturated oligomer.
- the maleic acid-based polymer one or more selected from the above-mentioned maleic acid-based homopolymers and copolymers can be used.
- a (meth) acrylic acid-based polymer is preferable, an acrylic acid-based polymer is more preferable, an acrylic acid homopolymer is more preferable, and sodium polyacrylate is even more preferable. ..
- the polycarboxylic acid polymer preferably has a weight average molecular weight on the order of 10 3rd to 4th, more specifically preferably in the range of 200 to 50,000, and 500 to 30,000. It is more preferably in the range of 800 to 30,000, still more preferably 1,000 to 20,000.
- the weight average molecular weight of the "carboxylic acid polymer” or the water-soluble polymer polymer used in this embodiment can be measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) analysis using standard polystyrene as a standard substance.
- the unsaturated fatty acid salt used in the present embodiment may be, for example, a linear chain, a branched chain or a cyclic chain, and among these, a linear unsaturated fatty acid is preferable.
- the carbon number of the unsaturated fatty acid salt is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 12.
- the linear unsaturated fatty acids oleate, linoleate, linolenate, arachidonic acid and the like can be mentioned, and one or more selected from these can be used.
- phosphate-based dispersant examples include water-soluble phosphates, and the water-soluble phosphates include hexametaphosphate, tripolyphosphate, orthophosphate, metaphosphate, and polyphosphorus. Examples thereof include acid salts, and one or more selected from these can be used. Of these, hexametaphosphate is preferable.
- the agents such as the dregs modifier according to the present embodiment may contain optional components in addition to the above-mentioned dispersant as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the optional component is not particularly limited, but is one or more selected from various water treatment agents such as pH adjusters, antifoaming agents, anticorrosive agents, antiscale agents, fungicides, and algae killing agents. May be used.
- the dispersant used in the present embodiment has a dregs modifying action, a dregs water content reducing action, a dregs dispersing action, a dregs viscosity reducing action, a residual alkali content recovery rate improving action, and the like. Therefore, the dispersant can be contained in chemicals such as a dregs modifier, a dregs water content reducing agent, a dregs dispersant, a dregs viscosity reducing agent, and a residual alkali content recovery improving agent, or can be used in these agents. can do.
- the dispersant itself can also be used as an agent such as the above-mentioned dregs modifier.
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can provide the dispersant or dispersant component or the use thereof, which is used for purposes such as dregs modification, reduction of dregs water content, dregs dispersion, reduction of dregs viscosity, and improvement of residual alkali content recovery rate. ..
- the dispersant or dispersant component can be used for producing a drug or preparation such as the above-mentioned dregs modifier.
- the present invention uses or adds the dispersant to the dregs, a dregs modification method, a dregs water content reduction method, a dregs dispersion method, a dregs viscosity reduction method, and a method for improving the residual alkali content recovery rate from the dregs. It is also possible to provide such as.
- the form of the drug according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited and may be liquid, slurry or powder, and the drug according to the present invention may be a composition.
- the agent according to the present embodiment is preferably added to the dregs slurry and / or the dregs residue, more preferably to the dregs slurry, and more preferably to the green liquid clarifier. It is a dregs slurry after drawing. Usually, the dregs slurry generated by the green liquor treatment is subjected to a dregs dehydration step in order to obtain a dregs residue before disposal.
- the agent of the present embodiment to the dregs slurry in the dregs dehydration step, more preferably to the dregs slurry after washing, and after washing but before concentration.
- the agent according to the present embodiment is added to the dregs slurry after washing and before or during concentration.
- concentration method a sedimentation concentration method, a drum filter method, or a combination method thereof is preferable, but the concentration method is not limited thereto.
- the dregs residue obtained through the dehydration step is taken out of the water system.
- Dregs Modified Using the Agent of the Present Embodiment it is possible to provide a technique for better modifying the dregs generated by the green liquor treatment. Further, the dregs residue obtained by using the agent of the present embodiment is satisfactorily modified, and the modified dregs residue has, for example, a reduced water content and a reduced residual alkali content. It has at least one property because it is present and its viscosity is reduced. As a result, the modified dregs residue of the present embodiment has an advantage that it can be easily reused as a roadbed material or the like and can be easily used as a recycled material. Further, by using the chemical of the present embodiment, the amount of waste of the dregs residue can be further reduced by improving the recovery rate of the residual alkali content and reducing the water content, and the amount of transport and the cost of disposal can also be reduced.
- the dregs modification method according to this embodiment can provide a dregs modification method using a drug.
- the drug is not particularly limited as long as it is a drug capable of modifying Dregs, but it is preferable to use the drug of the present embodiment of the above "1.".
- the dregs reforming method of the present embodiment can provide a technique for better remodeling the dregs generated by the green liquor treatment.
- the dregs modification method according to the present embodiment may be one or more selected from a dregs water content reduction method, a dregs dispersion method, a dregs viscosity reduction method, a method for improving the residual alkali content recovery rate from dregs, and the like. Can also be applied.
- the description of each configuration such as dregs, dispersant, drug, etc., which overlaps with the configurations such as “1.” and “3.” described later, is appropriate. Although omitted, the explanations such as “1.” and “3.” also apply to the present embodiment, and the description can be appropriately adopted.
- the dregs modification method of the present embodiment can provide, as the first embodiment, a dregs modification method characterized by using a drug such as the dregs modifier of the present embodiment.
- a dregs modification method characterized by monitoring the dregs residue can be proposed as the second embodiment.
- the outline of pulp production in the present embodiment, the method of the first embodiment, and the method of the second embodiment will be described below.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the pulp production system 1, but the method of the present embodiment is the pulp production system.
- the application is not limited to 1, and can be applied to various pulp production systems.
- the pulp production system 1 can include a cooking system 10, a black liquor treatment system 20, a green liquor clarification system 30, and a scavenging / caustic system 40. These systems may be communicated with each other by a pipe shown by a solid line in FIG. 1 to form a circulation path as a whole.
- a pipe shown by a solid line in FIG. 1 to form a circulation path as a whole.
- the cooking system 10 has a cooking pot 11, and a pulp refining section may be provided downstream of the cooking pot 11. Wood chips, which are raw materials for pulp, and white liquor containing sodium hydroxide are put into the cooking pot 11, and the wood chips are steamed. The resulting pulp is transferred to the pulp refining section, where it undergoes bleaching and papermaking processes in sequence to produce paper. On the other hand, the black liquor, which is a waste liquid, is transferred to the evaporator 21, which will be described later, for the purpose of recovering sodium hydroxide and the like.
- the black liquor treatment system 20 may have an evaporator 21 and a boiler 22 in order from the upstream.
- the black liquor is concentrated by the evaporator 21 and then transferred to the boiler 22 and burned in the boiler 22.
- the inorganic sodium salts contained in the black liquor are melted and discharged as smelt from the bottom of the boiler 22.
- the discharged smelt is transferred to the melting tank 31.
- the boiler 22 may be provided with a heat recovery system for recovering heat energy.
- a heat recovery system for recovering heat energy.
- a conventionally known one can be used (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-212586).
- the green liquid clarification system 30 may have a dissolution tank 31, a green liquid clarifier 32, and a clear green liquid tank 33 in order from the upstream.
- the smelt is stirred in water in the dissolution tank 31 to dissolve or disperse. This produces a green liquor (also referred to as "crude green liquor") that is rich in sodium carbonate in addition to sodium hydroxide.
- the dissolution tank 31 is provided with a liquid feed pump (not shown), and the crude green liquid is sucked by the liquid feed pump and transferred to the green liquid clarifier 32. In the crude green liquor, the remaining undissolved components are removed by the green liquor clarifier 32. After that, it is transferred to the clear green liquid tank 33 and stored, and then transferred to the caustic system 41.
- Examples of the device used for clarification of the green liquid in the present embodiment include, but are not limited to, a gravity settling type device and a forced filtration type device.
- a typical green liquid clarifier of the gravity settling method is preferable.
- the green liquid clarifier is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a multi-stage clarifier, a unit clarifier, a storage tank combined type clarifier, and a sedimentation concentration type clarifier, and among these, the storage tank combined type is preferable.
- the crude green liquor and the green liquor treatment agent are mixed and solid-liquid separated to perform clarification treatment to remove impurities such as undissolved components remaining in the crude green liquor from the crude green liquor. ing. After this clarification treatment, a clarified green liquor from which impurities have been removed can be obtained.
- sludge green liquid mud
- the green liquid clarification device sludge (green liquid mud) containing dregs such as impurities is generated and accumulated. Therefore, in order to remove the sludge accumulated from the green liquor clarification device at a constant rate (at a constant interval or when a certain amount is reached), the sludge is appropriately extracted using a extraction pump.
- Dregs dehydration process Dregs dehydration system>
- the sludge extracted from the green liquid clarifier is in the form of a viscous slurry containing a dregs component, and by performing a dregs dehydration step of dehydrating the dregs in the form of a dregs, the filtrate and the dregs are removed from the dregs slurry. Separated from the residue, this filtrate is recovered as residual alkali and reused, and the dregs residue containing the dregs component is sent to a drainage facility or discarded as waste.
- the dregs dehydration step in the present embodiment preferably includes at least a concentration step for concentrating the solid content of the dregs, and more preferably, the washing step for washing the dregs and the concentration step are sequentially or simultaneously performed.
- the dregs dehydration system in the present embodiment preferably includes at least a concentrating device configured to concentrate the solid content of the dregs, and more preferably a cleaning device configured to wash the dregs. It is provided with the concentrator.
- the concentration step can reduce the water content of the dregs and the residual alkali content in the dregs, it is preferable to perform the concentration step from the viewpoint of disposal and the like.
- the concentration method performed in the concentration step is not particularly limited, but for example, a sedimentation concentration method, a dregs filter method, and a method in which these are combined are often adopted.
- the device for carrying out these methods include a settling and concentrating device, a dregs filter device, and a device combining these.
- the dregs are configured to be washed with warm water for washing in a dilution tank equipped with a stirrer, concentrated with a dregs washer, and then discarded or transferred to a dregs filter as washing dregs.
- Examples include a sedimentation concentrator.
- the dregs filter method is not particularly limited, and for example, one or more selected from a drum filter method, a belt filter method, and a precoat filter method can be generally adopted.
- the device for carrying out these methods include a drum filter device, a belt filter device, a precoat filter device, and the like.
- a belt filter device configured to form a thin layer of the dregs residue by vibration or the like on a belt for transferring the dregs residue and to strip off the dregs residue and discard it. Can be mentioned.
- the caustic / caustic system 40 may have a caustic system 41, a white liquor clarifier 42, and a white liquor tank 43.
- the caustic / caustic system 40 may further have a lime mud filter 45 and a kiln 44 located downstream of the white liquor clarifier 42.
- the caustic system 41, the white liquor clarifier 42, and the white liquor tank 43 communicate with each other to form a circulation path as a whole.
- the green liquor transferred to the caustic system 41 is mixed with the calcium oxide supplied from the kiln 44 in the caustic system 41. This mixing will be described in more detail.
- the caustic system 41 may have a slaker 411 and a plurality of caustic reaction tanks 412 located downstream of the slaker 411.
- the green liquor (usually 90 to 100 ° C., pH 13 to 14) transferred to the slaker 411 is mixed with calcium oxide also supplied to the slaker 411 and / or calcium oxide from outside the system by purchase or the like.
- calcium oxide is dissolved with water to produce calcium hydroxide.
- sodium carbonate in the green liquor reacts with calcium hydroxide to produce sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate.
- the white liquor obtained in this way is transferred to the white liquor clarifier 42.
- the white liquor clarifier 42 after the insoluble calcium carbonate is settled and separated, the white liquor is stored in the white liquor tank 43 and eventually circulated to the cooking kettle 11 for reuse.
- the separated calcium carbonate is dehydrated by the lime mud filter 45, then recovered in the kiln 44, roasted and returned to calcium oxide, and reused in the caustic system 41.
- Dregs modification method using a drug such as a dregs modifier in the first embodiment In the dregs modification method according to the first embodiment, the above “1.", “2-1.” And “2-2.” , The description of each configuration of dregs, dispersant, drug, etc., which overlaps with the configurations of "2-4.” And “3.” below, will be omitted as appropriate, but the "1.” and “2-1.” The description such as "2-2.” Also applies to the present embodiment, and the description can be appropriately adopted.
- a dregs modifying agent it is preferable to add a dregs modifying agent to the dregs. Further, it is more preferable to add a dregs agent to the dregs after washing in the dehydration step.
- a dispersant is preferable, and a carboxylic acid compound is more preferable, and among them, one or more selected from polyhydroxycarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid polymer, and a salt thereof is more preferable. Is. Further, one or more selected from aldonic acid and its intramolecular lactone, (meth) acrylic acid-based copolymer, and salts thereof are even more suitable.
- the place where the dregs modifier is added may be a place after the sludge (drags slurry) is drawn out from the green liquid clarifier (for example, a pipe, an apparatus, a flow path, etc.), and for example, a line or a flow after the drawing treatment. Examples include, but are not limited to, roads, dehydration sites (eg, cleaning sites, concentration sites), and the like.
- a place where the dregs dehydration step can be carried out or upstream thereof (such as a pipe or a flow path connected to the place where the dehydration is carried out) is preferable.
- these places may be used as an apparatus, and may be a dehydration apparatus provided with, for example, a concentrating device (for example, a sedimentation concentrating device, a dregs filter device, etc.).
- the amount of the drug to be added is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 mg / L or more, more preferably 300 mg / L or more, still more preferably 500 mg / L or more, as a more preferable lower limit value in the treated water containing Dregs. Further, it is more preferably 1000 mg / L or more, more preferably 3000 mg / L or more, more preferably 4000 mg / L or more, and as a more preferable upper limit value, preferably 10000 mg / L or less, more preferably 8000 mg / L or less, and more. It is preferably 7,000 mg / L or less, more preferably 6000 mg / L or less. A more preferable range is more preferably 100 to 10000 mg / L, still more preferably 300 to 8000 mg / L.
- the temperature of the dregs at the time of addition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 ° C. or higher, more preferably 30 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 40 ° C. or higher as a suitable lower limit value, and as a suitable upper limit value. It is preferably 80 ° C. or lower, more preferably 70 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 60 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 40 to 70 ° C. as a more preferable numerical range.
- the pH of the dregs at the time of addition is preferably 11 or more, more preferably 12 or more.
- the green liquor clarification system 30 in the first embodiment clarifies the crude green liquor containing smelt sent from the black liquor treatment system 20, and sends the clarified green liquor to the scavenging / caustic system 40. Specifically, it includes a dissolution tank 31, a green liquid clarifier 32, and a clear green liquid tank 33.
- the green liquid clarification system 30 draws out the sludge (dregs slurry) generated in the green liquid clarifier 32 and dehydrates the dregs slurry to obtain a filtrate and sludge residue, and the filtrate is used as the residual alkali content.
- the dregs dehydration system 50 is configured to be reused in the pulp production system and to dispose of the sludge residue containing the sludge component to the outside of the system.
- the dregs dehydration system 50 of the first embodiment includes a cleaning device (not shown) for cleaning the dregs and a concentrating device 51 for concentrating the solid content of the dregs after cleaning.
- the first embodiment further includes a drug addition section 52 configured to add a drug to the dregs in the dehydration step in order to further improve the reduction of the water content of the dregs.
- the drug addition unit 52 is configured to adjust and control addition conditions such as the type and amount of the drug and the addition temperature so that the amount of the drug is appropriate for the dregs.
- the dregs solid content can be better concentrated in the concentration step, and the water content of the dregs residue can be further reduced.
- the agent of this embodiment it is possible to easily modify the dregs.
- the filtrate obtained by the concentrator 51 is transferred to the clear green liquid tank 33, recovered as the residual alkaline component, and reused in the scavenging / caustic system.
- the dregs residue obtained by the concentrator 51 can be used as a reusable recycled material for roadbed materials and the like as modified dregs, well-dispersed dregs, or dregs with reduced viscosity.
- the amount of dregs residue discarded can be reduced, and the amount of transport and disposal cost can also be reduced.
- Dregs modification method using monitoring of dregs residue according to the second embodiment the above “1.” and “2-1” are used. ”,“ 2-2. ”,“ 2-3. ”,“ 2-5. ”,“ 3. ”, etc.
- the explanation of the configuration etc. will be omitted as appropriate, but the explanations such as "1.", “2-1.”, “2-2.”, “2-3.”, “2-4.”, “3.” It also applies to embodiments, and the description can be adopted as appropriate.
- the concentration of dregs is not appropriate, and the dregs may be taken out of the system with a high water content, and the water content of the dregs residue has not been sufficiently reduced, resulting in industrial waste costs and transportation costs. Was hanging. Further, since the water contained in the dregs also contains the residual alkali content which is a valuable resource, the filtrate containing the residual alkali content could not be sufficiently recovered in the dregs dehydration step, resulting in alkali loss.
- dregs are difficult to handle because they have high viscosity and high alkalinity, and the properties of dregs have been analyzed by hand without a measuring device dedicated to dregs measurement. For this reason, in the past, the number of times of dregs analysis was extremely small, and dregs management was not sufficiently performed. Therefore, the state of the dregs could not be accurately grasped, and the water content of the dregs residue taken out of the system could not be sufficiently reduced in the dregs dehydration step.
- the present inventors monitor the water content of the dregs residue in the concentration step with a water content measuring device in the dregs dehydration step, and adjust and control the amount of the drug added to the dregs from the water content at this time. I was able to come up with the idea of doing it.
- the dregs reforming method according to the second embodiment it is preferable to monitor the water content of the dregs residue using a moisture measuring device. Further, as the dregs reforming method according to the second embodiment, the water content of the dregs residue is monitored by using a moisture measuring device, and the amount of the drug added to the dregs (preferably, the dregs slurry) is controlled from the water content. It is more preferable to do so.
- the agent is preferably the dispersant, more preferably the dregs modifier.
- the monitoring place for monitoring may be any of the dregs dehydration system, that is, the place where the dregs dehydration step can be carried out, but preferably the concentration place and the place after the concentration (concentrator, line or flow path, etc.), and the system. Until it is sent outside.
- the place of concentration and the place after the concentration include a place after the sedimentation concentration device and the sedimentation concentration treatment, and a place after the dregs filter device and the dregs filter treatment.
- a place after concentration more preferably a place after sedimentation concentration, and / or a place after the dregs filter treatment, and further preferably a place after the dregs filter treatment.
- the number of monitoring may be singular or plural. This makes it possible to monitor the water content of the dregs residue more easily and more accurately.
- the water content measuring device or the water content measuring method for measuring the water content is not particularly limited.
- the moisture content of the dregs residue measured by the moisture measuring device is transmitted to the outside or the inside.
- the inside or the outside may be, for example, a computer, a database, a cloud system, a network system, or the like, or may be a storage unit or a control unit provided outside or inside.
- the moisture measuring device is preferably an optical moisture measuring device (optical moisture meter), and examples of the optical moisture measuring device include, but are limited to, a near-infrared moisture meter, a ⁇ -ray densitometer, and the like. Not done.
- the water content measuring device is preferably a non-contact type, and even if it is a non-contact type, it is possible to obtain the same tendency of increase / decrease in water content as in manual analysis (evaporation residue).
- the object it is preferable to install one or more moisture measuring devices above the object.
- the distance between the moisture measuring device and the object can be appropriately set according to the model of the moisture measuring device (for example, a near-infrared moisture meter) to be used.
- the detection unit of the moisture measuring device is not particularly limited, and may be a line sensor camera (CMOS or the like) capable of measuring moisture.
- the operating temperature of the moisture measuring device is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 to 40 ° C, more preferably 5 to 40 ° C, and the operating humidity range is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 to 80% RH.
- the water content measuring device when used in the present embodiment, it is based on the relationship between the measurement result by the manual analysis and the measurement result by the water content measuring device used in the present embodiment (for example, a direct proportional correlation as shown in FIG. 6).
- the measurement result of the moisture measuring device may be converted into the measurement result by manual analysis by the control unit or the like.
- the measurement result by the manual analysis may be stored in the storage unit. By utilizing this conversion, the stock of drug addition data used in the manual analysis can be utilized.
- the measurement result of the manual analysis is not limited to the measurement result of the manual analysis, and the measurement result of another analysis method or the stored past measurement result may be used instead of the measurement result of the manual analysis.
- the control step of increasing the amount of the drug added and decreasing the amount of the drug added when the water content decreases more than the predetermined range (or when the water content becomes less than the predetermined range) is performed by feedback control. It can be carried out. Therefore, in the method of the present embodiment, it is possible to adjust the amount of the drug added based on the measurement result of the moisture measuring device without using the measurement result of the manual analysis.
- the method of the present embodiment preferably includes at least a control step, and the order of the addition step and the measurement step is not particularly limited, and the order of the addition step and then the measurement step, the order of the measurement step and then the addition step, and the same period. Any of them may be used.
- near-infrared method a method using a commercially available product, for example, a near-infrared moisture meter "KJT-130" (trade name) manufactured by Kett Science Institute Co., Ltd., can be adopted. Not particularly limited. Near-infrared light is invisible light (780-2500 nm: NIR) that has a longer wavelength than visible light and is outside the red color. Since it absorbs moisture well, it is irradiated with light containing near-infrared light and its reflectance. The water content can be measured by measuring.
- NIR near-infrared moisture meter
- Examples of the light source include, but are not limited to, a tungsten lamp, an LED, and the like, and a specific near-infrared ray can be obtained by using the light source and a spectroscopic filter.
- the near-infrared reflection method is preferable as the measurement method.
- Examples of the wavelength method include a three-wavelength method and a five-wavelength method, but the three-wavelength method is preferable from the viewpoint of cost and cost.
- the measurement result (Dregs water content) of the method using near infrared rays and the measurement result (Dregs water content) of the method using a dryer (evaporation residue) are shown in FIG. As described above, since it was found that there is a proportional relationship, it is preferable to measure the dregs water content by a method using near infrared rays from the viewpoint of better accuracy.
- the agent used in the second embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is an agent capable of dispersing Dregs, but it is preferable to use the Dregs modifier.
- the amount of the drug added to the dregs is adjusted and controlled from the water content of the dregs residue obtained from the monitoring.
- the control of the addition of the drug in the second embodiment is configured to adjust and control the amount of the drug added to the dregs (preferably the dregs slurry) from the water content of the dregs residue obtained from the monitoring. Is preferable.
- the place where the drug is added is preferably the same as the "place where the dregs modifier is added" in the first embodiment, and more preferably, the drug is allowed to flow into the line, the flow path, or the concentration place after the washing place. Any one or more of the line or flow path for the purpose and the concentration place.
- the apparatus or system in this embodiment can operate or carry out according to the control process of drug addition of this embodiment.
- Example 1 of a more preferable embodiment in the second embodiment will be described below, but the second embodiment is not limited thereto.
- the control unit causes the moisture measuring device to monitor the water content of the dregs residue.
- the control unit may instruct the moisture measuring device to transmit the result of the water content obtained by monitoring to the control unit.
- the control unit analyzes the measurement result of the moisture measuring device by hand analysis (evaporation residue) so that the measurement result of the moisture measuring device is consistent with the water content by hand analysis (evaporation residue). It may be converted into a rate conversion.
- the water content by hand analysis (evaporation residue) is transmitted from the storage unit that stores the water content (evaporation residue) of the dregs residue to the control unit in advance, and the control unit sends the water content by hand analysis (evaporation residue).
- the conversion calculation formula may be calculated and used, or the control unit may receive and use the water content conversion calculation formula calculated by another unit.
- the water content conversion calculation formula for converting the water content, which is the measurement result of the water content measuring device, to the water content of the evaporation residue is not particularly limited, and an appropriate calculation formula can be obtained for each site, for example.
- Y aX + b
- a may be set to about 1 to 4, more preferably 2 to 3
- b may be set to about 10 to 40, and more preferably 20 to 30.
- Y aX + b ... Equation 1 Y; Moisture content% by hand analysis (evaporation residue) X; Moisture content% by moisture measuring device a; Slope of linear function b; Intercept of linear function
- the control unit determines whether or not the water content obtained by monitoring has a predetermined water content.
- the timing of this determination can be appropriately set, for example, it may be continuous such as at all times, or it may be periodic such as setting a time interval, a date and time, a day of the week, and the like.
- the control unit can read the "moisture content obtained by monitoring” and / or the "predetermined water content” as a determination criterion from the measurement unit or the storage unit as reference data.
- the storage unit may be provided inside or outside the storage unit.
- the "moisture content obtained by monitoring” may be the “moisture content obtained by the moisture measuring device" in real time continuously or periodically, and continuously or periodically by the moisture measuring device.
- the judgment unit selects "moisture content data" in consideration of the time interval, date and time, day of day, etc., and reads the "moisture content data”. May be.
- the "predetermined water content” may be appropriately changed from the provisionally set one according to the situation at the site (for example, the management situation and operation situation of the water system, the situation of the dregs residue, etc.).
- the data of the predetermined water content may be stored in advance in the storage unit, and may be transmitted to the control unit as needed.
- step 102 the control unit makes a determination based on the first water content set value as the first determination. At this time, if it is determined that the value is higher than the first water content set value (YES), the drug addition unit is instructed to increase the amount of the drug added.
- the first water content setting value it is preferably 60% or less, more preferably 55% or less in terms of water content conversion based on the evaporation residue. When the water content exceeds 60%, the control unit instructs the drug addition unit to increase the amount of the drug added, and returns to step 101.
- step 103 as a second determination, when the control unit determines that the value is lower than the first water content set value (NO), the control unit then determines based on the second water content set value. At this time, if it is determined that the water content is lower than the second water content set value (YES), the drug addition unit is instructed to reduce the amount of the drug added.
- the second water content setting value it is preferably less than 40%, more preferably less than 30% in terms of water content conversion based on the evaporation residue.
- the control unit instructs the drug addition unit to reduce the amount of the drug added, and returns to step 101. If it is determined that the content is higher than the second water content set value (NO), the drug addition section is instructed to keep the drug addition amount as it is, or the drug addition section is not particularly instructed to add the drug. Maintain the amount. Return to step 101.
- the operator can also end the second embodiment by manual input.
- the water content of the dregs residue can be adjusted within an appropriate range.
- the control unit makes a determination based on the water content measured by the evaporation residue, but may make a determination based on the water content measured by the moisture measuring device.
- the user May be converted to the water content by the evaporation residue and the water content conversion by the evaporation residue may be displayed on the display unit so that the water content by the evaporation residue can be confirmed.
- the chemical addition amount is controlled by setting the upper limit of the "predetermined water content" in step 102, and then the chemical addition amount is controlled by setting the lower limit of the "predetermined water content” in step 103.
- the green liquor clarification system in the second embodiment is configured to clarify the crude green liquor containing smelt sent from the black liquor treatment system 20 and send the clarified green liquor to the calming / causticizing system 40. Specifically, it includes a dissolution tank 31, a green liquid clarifier 32, and a clear green liquid tank 33.
- the filtrate and sludge residue are obtained by dehydrating the dregs slurry generated in the green liquid clarifier 32, and the filtrate is reused as residual alkali in the pulp production system and sludge.
- the residue is provided with a dregs dehydration system 50 configured to be discarded outside the system.
- the dregs dehydration system 50 of the second embodiment includes a cleaning device (not shown) for cleaning the dregs slurry and a concentrating device 51 for concentrating the solid content of the dregs slurry after cleaning.
- the second embodiment further includes a drug addition section 52 configured to add a drug to the dregs slurry in the dehydration step in order to further improve the reduction of the water content of the dregs residue.
- the drug addition unit 52 is configured to adjust and control the addition conditions such as the type and amount of the drug and the addition temperature so as to be appropriate for the dregs slurry.
- the second embodiment further comprises a water content measuring device 53 configured to measure the water content of the concentrated dregs residue in order to improve the reduction of the water content of the dregs residue.
- a control unit 55 for controlling the addition of the drug to the drug addition unit 52 is further provided, and the control unit 55 can receive a signal of water content data from the moisture measuring device 53. The moisture measurement of the dregs residue by the moisture measuring device 53 may be controlled.
- the determination step at this time may be, for example, the above-mentioned steps 100 to 105.
- the solid content of the dregs slurry can be better concentrated in the concentration step, and the water content of the dregs residue can be further reduced.
- the dregs residue can be easily modified.
- the filtrate obtained by the concentrator 51 is transferred to the clear green liquid tank 33, recovered as the residual alkaline component, and reused in the scavenging / caustic system.
- the dregs residue obtained by the concentrator 51 can be used as a modified dregs residue, a well-dispersed dregs residue, or a dregs residue having a reduced viscosity, and can be reused as a recycled material for roadbed materials and the like. Can be done.
- the amount of dregs residue discarded can be reduced, and the amount of transport and disposal cost can also be reduced.
- the method of this embodiment is a device for implementing or managing a method such as the above-mentioned dregs reforming method (for example, a computer, a notebook personal computer, a desktop personal computer, a tablet PC, a PLC, a server, a cloud service). Etc.) or a control unit provided in the device (the control unit includes a CPU or the like) can also be realized. Further, the method of this embodiment is programmed into a hardware resource including a recording medium (nonvolatile memory (USB memory, etc.), SSD (Solid State Drive), HDD (Hard Disk Drive), CD, DVD, Blu-ray, etc.).
- a recording medium nonvolatile memory (USB memory, etc.), SSD (Solid State Drive), HDD (Hard Disk Drive), CD, DVD, Blu-ray, etc.
- the management device may be provided with an input unit such as a touch panel or a keyboard, a communication unit such as a network or internal or external access, and a display unit such as a touch panel or a display.
- the present embodiment can provide a computer or the like with a program for realizing a dregs modification including a function of adding a drug to the dregs.
- the present embodiment can provide a program for realizing the dregs modification including the function of adding the dispersant of the present embodiment to the dregs.
- the present embodiment can provide a program for realizing a dregs modification including a function of monitoring the water content of the dregs residue and a function of controlling the amount of a drug added to the dregs from the water content.
- the program of the present embodiment is not limited to these, and as an example, the method of the present embodiment can be implemented by using the program as an apparatus.
- the device for implementing the method of the present embodiment, the program for executing the method of the present embodiment, and the recording medium for storing the program overlap with the configurations of "1.” and "2.” above.
- the description of each configuration such as the dregs dehydration system, the dispersant, the drug, and the dregs modification method is omitted as appropriate, the description of "1.", “2.”, etc. also applies to the present embodiment. The description can be adopted as appropriate.
- Dregs dehydration system In the Dregs dehydration system according to the present embodiment, the Dregs dehydration system, the dispersant, the drug, the Dregs modification method, etc., which overlap with the configurations of "1.” and “2.” above, are used. Although the description of each configuration and the like will be omitted as appropriate, the description of "1.", “2.” and the like also applies to the present embodiment, and the description can be appropriately adopted.
- the dregs dehydration system according to the present embodiment is configured to monitor the water content of the dregs residue using a moisture measuring device and control the amount of the dregs modifier added to the dregs slurry from the water content.
- the dregs dehydration system is provided with a water content measuring device configured so that the water content of the dregs residue after concentration can be monitored.
- the dregs dehydration system preferably includes a concentrating device for concentrating the solid content of the dregs slurry and a drug adding device for adding a drug to the dregs slurry, and further, a cleaning device for cleaning the dregs slurry. It is more preferable to provide.
- the dregs dehydration system of the present embodiment is a dregs dehydration system including a cleaning device for washing the dregs slurry and a concentrating device for concentrating the solid content of the dregs slurry, and further, the dregs residue after concentration.
- a water content measuring device configured to be able to monitor the water content
- a control unit or a control device configured to be able to appropriately adjust the amount of the drug added to the dregs slurry from this water content.
- a prepared can provide a dregs dehydration system. As a result, the drug can be appropriately injected into the dregs, and the dregs can be modified more satisfactorily.
- a dregs modifier containing a dispersant containing a dispersant.
- the dregs modifier may be either a dregs water content reducing agent, a dregs dispersant, a dregs viscosity reducing agent, or a residual alkali content recovery rate improving agent.
- the carboxylic acid compound is one or two selected from carboxylic acid compounds such as polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a polycarboxylic acid polymer or a salt thereof, and an unsaturated fatty acid salt, and a phosphate-based dispersant.
- the above is preferable.
- the dispersant is a carboxylic acid compound.
- the dregs modifier according to any one of the above [1] to [3], wherein the carboxylic acid compound is a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof, and / or a polycarboxylic acid polymer or a salt thereof.
- the polyhydroxycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof is an aldonic acid and / or an intramolecular lactone thereof, or a salt thereof, and / or the polycarboxylic acid polymer or a salt thereof is a (meth) acrylic acid-based polymer or a salt thereof. It is preferably salt.
- the dispersant is a carboxylic acid compound.
- the dregs modifier according to any one of the above [1] to [5] which is used for adding the drug to the dregs after withdrawal. More preferably, the drug is used to be added to the washed dregs.
- -[7] Use of a dispersant or dispersant used to modify the dregs. It is preferable that the dispersant is the one described in any one of the above [1] to [6]. It is preferable that the dregs modification is one or more selected from reducing the dregs water content, dispersing the dregs, reducing the viscosity of the dregs, and improving the recovery rate of the residual alkali content from the dregs. -[8] Use of a dispersant for producing a dregs modifier. It is preferable that the dregs modifier is the one described in any one of the above [1] to [6].
- a dregs reforming method in which the dregs modifier according to any one of the above [1] to [6] is added to the dregs slurry.
- the dregs modification method may be any one of a dregs water content reducing method, a dregs dispersion method, a dregs viscosity reducing method, and a method for improving the residual alkali content recovery rate from the dregs.
- a dregs reforming method in which the water content of a dregs residue is monitored using a water content measuring device, and the amount of the dregs modifier added to the dregs slurry is controlled from the water content. It is preferable that the moisture measuring device is a non-contact type.
- the moisture measuring device is an optical moisture meter (preferably a near-infrared moisture meter) or a ⁇ -ray density meter.
- a moisture measuring device configured to monitor the moisture content of the dregs residue
- a dregs reforming device including a drug adding device configured to add a dregs modifier to the dregs slurry based on the water content.
- the dregs reformer may be a system.
- a control device configured to monitor the water content of the dregs residue using a moisture measuring device and control the amount of the dregs modifier added to the dregs slurry from the water content may be provided.
- the control device may be a device for implementing or managing the dregs reforming method.
- an apparatus for carrying out or managing the dregs reforming method according to the above [10] to [12] may also be provided.
- a device for controlling the dregs reforming which is configured to monitor the water content of the dregs residue using a moisture measuring device and control the amount of the dregs modifier added to the dregs slurry from the water content. ..
- the control device is preferably a computer or the like.
- a dregs dehydration system or a dregs dewatering apparatus comprising the dregs reforming apparatus according to the above [13] or the dregs reforming control apparatus according to [14].
- the dregs dehydration system or the dregs dehydration apparatus may be a green liquid treatment system or a green liquid treatment apparatus, or a pulp production system or a production apparatus.
- dregs slurry a drug-free dregs slurry collected from a caustic step of a certain paper mill was used, and the properties of the dregs slurry are shown in Table 1.
- the pH of the dregs slurry was measured with a handy pH meter manufactured by HRBA.
- the water content of the dregs slurry the water content of the dregs residue was determined from the evaporation residue. Specifically, 100 mL of the sample is placed in an evaporating dish (before drying) to which a constant weight has been obtained by weighing in advance, dried in a dryer at 105 ° C to 110 ° C until the constant amount is reached, and then allowed to cool in a desiccator. The amount of the evaporating dish was increased (after drying) to obtain the evaporation residue.
- Example mass before drying-Sample mass after drying / Sample mass before drying ⁇ 100 (%) was used to determine the water content (%).
- the total alkalinity (Na2O conversion value) of the dregs slurry was determined according to SCAN-N 30:85 ("Total, active and effective alkali", SCAN-N 30:85, Scandinavian pulp, paper and. board testing committee.).
- the viscosity (funnel viscosity) of the dregs slurry was measured by heating the slurry to 60 ° C. using a funnel viscometer S-251 / flow-down viscometer of West Japan Testing Machine, and measuring the passage time of 500 mL.
- Agent 1 Sodium gluconate
- Agent 2 Acrylic acid homopolymer (Na) (Weight average molecular weight 1,000 to 20,000 according to the above ⁇ Method for measuring weight average molecular weight of carboxylic acid polymer>)
- Agent 3 Nonionic surfactant Polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether
- FIG. 5 shows the evaluation of the water content in the dehydrated cake after the addition of the agents 1 to 3 to each dregs slurry.
- the polyoxyalkyrenyl kill ether of the nonionic surfactant type agent 3 used for dehydrating the lime mud was added to the dregs slurry and mixed, but the water content of the dregs was reduced. I was not able to admit.
- the water content of the dregs when the polyoxyalkyrenylquil ethers of 500 mg / L and 5000 mg / L of the drug used were used was higher than the water content of the dregs when the blank (additive-free) was used. did. That is, the polyoxyalkyrenylquil ether, which is a nonionic surfactant having an effect of lowering the water content of lime mud, did not show a decrease in the water content of Dregs, but rather increased.
- both the drug 1 and the drug 2 can be said to be dispersion type drugs, and good dispersibility was confirmed when mixed with the dregs slurry.
- the water content of the dregs can be reduced more satisfactorily and the dregs. Was able to reduce the viscosity of. Therefore, the properties of Dregs could be modified by a dispersant such as gluconate and acrylic acid homopolymer. Furthermore, by reducing the water content of the dregs, the amount of the filtrate recovered from the dregs could be increased, and as a result, the recovery rate of the filtrate, that is, the residual alkali content could be improved better.
- a dispersant such as gluconate or acrylic acid homopolymer
- dregs residue As the dregs residue, a drug-free dregs residue (drags slurry 1 in Table 1) collected from a caustic step of a certain paper mill was used. Tap water was added to the dregs residue to prepare three samples in which the water content was arbitrarily changed, and these three samples were measured by hand analysis (evaporation residue) and a near-infrared moisture meter, and these were measured. The results are shown in FIG.
- the water content of the dregs slurry was determined by substituting the dregs slurry with the dregs residue in the above-mentioned "moisture content of the dregs slurry (evaporation residue)".
- a can be set to about 1 to 4, more preferably 2 to 3, b can be set to about 10 to 40, and more preferably 20 to 30.
- rice field As a result, it can be confirmed that the obtained measurement result correlates with the measurement result of the water content of the dregs residue by hand analysis even in a non-contact type moisture measuring device such as a near-infrared moisture meter. rice field. As a result, it was confirmed that the increase / decrease in the water content of the dregs residue can be measured even with a non-contact type moisture measuring device such as a near-infrared moisture meter.
- the non-contact type moisture measuring device has an advantage that the measurement can be performed more easily than the manual analysis and the monitoring which is difficult by the manual analysis can be performed. Further, by using a non-contact type moisture measuring device, it is possible to monitor the dregs slurry and the dregs residue at an arbitrary period such as continuous or intermittent.
- 1a, 1b pulp production system 10 dewatering system; 11 dewatering kettle; 20 black liquor treatment system; 21 evaporator; 22 boiler; 30a, 30b green liquor clarification (coarse green liquor treatment) system; 31 dissolution tank (dispersion); 32 Green liquor clarifier (clear); 33 clarified green liquor tank; 40 dewatering / caustic system; 41 caustic system; 42 white liquor clarifier; 43 white liquor tank; 44 kiln; 411 slaker; 412 caustic reaction tank; 45 Lime mud filter; 50a, 50b Dregs dewatering system (dewatering device); 51 Concentrating part (; 52 Drug addition part; 53 Moisture measuring part; 55 Control part; 56 Cleaning part (Dregs diluting tank); 57 First concentrating part (; Dregs washer); 58 Second concentrator (Dlegs filter); 60 Dregs residue (dehydrated cake)
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Abstract
Description
このような難ろ過性で強アルカリ性のドレッグススラリーを効率よく処理する方法が、例えば、特許文献1及び特許文献2に、提案されている。
また、本明細書において、「ドレッグススラリー又はドレッグス残渣」を「ドレッグス」ともいう。
また、本明細書において、「ドレッグス改質」とは、ドレッグスの性質が改良されていることをいう。当該「ドレッグス改質」とは、例えば、ドレッグス中のドレッグス成分の分散性を向上できること、ドレッグスの粘度を低減できること、ドレッグスの含水率を低減できること、ドレッグスから残アルカリ分を低減できること、ドレッグスから残アルカリ分の回収率を向上できること、ドレッグスを路盤材などに再利用可能な再生材料にできることなどが挙げられ、これらから1種又は2種以上を選択することができる。
すなわち、本発明は、以下のとおりである。
前記分散剤が、カルボン酸化合物であってもよい。
前記分散剤が、カルボン酸化合物であり、当該カルボン酸化合物が、ポリヒドロキシカルボン酸もしくはその塩、及び/又は、ポリカルボン酸ポリマーもしくはその塩であってもよい。
前記ポリヒドロキシカルボン酸もしくはその塩が、アルドン酸及び/又はその分子内ラクトン、もしくはその塩であってもよい。
前記ポリカルボン酸ポリマーもしくはその塩が、(メタ)アクリル酸系重合体もしくはその塩であってもよい。
前記分散剤は、洗浄後のドレッグスに添加するために用いるものであってもよい。
前記方法は、ドレッグス含水率低減方法、又は、ドレッグスからの残アルカリ分回収率向上方法であってもよい。
前記水分測定装置が、光学式水分計であってもよい。
前記ドレッグス改質剤が、前記分散剤を含有するドレッグス改質剤であってもよい。
なお、本発明の効果は、ここに記載された効果に必ずしも限定されるものではなく、本明細書中に記載されたいずれかの効果であってもよい。
本実施形態に係るドレッグス改質剤などの薬剤は、分散剤を含有することが好適である。当該分散剤は、ドレッグスに含まれる無機物質を液体中又はスラリー中に分散可能な剤であることが好適である。当該分散剤は、ドレッグスの粘度を低減可能なドレッグス粘度低減剤であってもよい。
本実施形態の薬剤を使用するドレッグスは、緑液クラリファイヤにより排泥されたドレッグススラリーが好ましいが、ドレッグス残渣であってもよい。本実施形態の薬剤を、ドレッグススラリー又はドレッグス残渣に対して、添加し混合することで、ドレッグススラリー又はドレッグス残渣の改質が可能である。ドレッグスの形態は、特に限定されず、スラリー状、固形状などいずれでもよいが、スラリー状が好ましい。
ドレッグススラリー又はドレッグス残渣のpHは、好ましくは11以上、より好ましくは12以上、さらに好ましくは13以上である。
また、ドレッグススラリーの固形分濃度(蒸発残分)は、好ましくは1~40%、より好ましくは5~40%、さらに好ましくは8~30%である。全アルカリ度(Na2O換算値)は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは5~40g-Na2O/L、より好ましくは10~30g-Na2O/Lである。ファンネル粘度は、特に限定されないが、ドレッグスを60℃に加温したときに、好ましくは5~50秒、より好ましくは10~40秒である。
本実施形態に用いる分散剤として、ドレッグス成分(好適にはドレッグス中の無機物質)を分散可能な剤であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、カルボン酸化合物、及び/又は、リン酸塩系分散剤などが挙げられる。
分散剤として、例えば、ポリヒドロキシカルボン酸又はその塩、ポリカルボン酸ポリマー又はその塩、及び不飽和脂肪酸塩などのカルボン酸化合物、並びに、リン酸塩系分散剤などが挙げられ、これらから選択される1種又は2種以上を使用することができる。これら分散剤として、公知の製造方法にて製造可能なもの又は市場において入手可能なものを用いることができる。
本実施形態において、カルボン酸化合物とは、分子内に1つ又は2つ以上の置換又は非置換のカルボキシル基を有する化合物をいう。置換のカルボキシル基として、カルボン酸とアルコールから成るカルボン酸アルキルエステルなどが挙げられ、当該アルキル基の炭素数は1~8が好ましい。分子内に1個以上8個以下のカルボキシル基を有し、分子量(M.W.)として、好ましくは50~1000、より好ましくは90~500の範囲のものである。
カルボン酸化合物のうち、ポリヒドロキシカルボン酸、ポリカルボン酸ポリマー、及びこれらの塩から選択される1種又は2種以上が、好ましい。
カルボン酸化合物として、さらに好ましくは、アルドン酸及び/又はその分子内ラクトン、(メタ)アクリル酸系重合体、並びにこれらの塩から選択される1種又は2種以上である。
本実施形態に用いるポリヒドロキシカルボン酸又はその塩は、特に限定されないが、ヒドロキシ基及びカルボキシル基を有し、分子の末端にカルボキシル基を少なくとも1つ有する化合物が挙げられる。
ポリヒドロキシカルボン酸のうち、アルドン酸が好ましく、このアルドン酸のうち、グルコン酸がより好ましい。
本実施形態に用いるポリカルボン酸ポリマーとは、置換又は非置換のカルボキシル基を有する水溶性高分子重合体が挙げられ、非置換のカルボキシル基が好ましい。当該「重合体」は、モノポリマー又はコポリマーのいずれでもよい。ポリカルボン酸ポリマー塩であってもよい。
ポリカルボン酸ポリマーとして、特に限定されないが、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸系重合体、マレイン酸系重合体、ポリクエン酸、ポリアスパラギン酸、ポリグルタミン酸、ポリ(3-ヒドロキシ)酪酸、及びポリイタコン酸などが挙げられ、これらから選択される1種又は2種以上を使用することができる。(メタ)アクリル酸とは、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、又はこれらの組み合わせのことをいう。
以下に(メタ)アクリル酸系重合体、マレイン酸系重合体について説明する。
本実施形態に用いる(メタ)アクリル酸系重合体として、(メタ)アクリル酸系モノポリマー及び/又は(メタ)アクリル酸系コポリマーを使用することができる。
(メタ)アクリル酸系モノポリマーとして、特に限定されないが、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸単独重合体、(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル単独重合体などが挙げられる。
本実施形態に用いる(メタ)アクリル酸系重合体として、上述した(メタ)アクリル酸系の単独重合体及び共重合体から1種又は2種以上を使用することができる。
本実施形態に用いるマレイン酸系重合体として、特に限定されないが、例えば、無水マレイン酸単独重合体、無水マレイン酸-酢酸ビニル共重合体、無水マレイン酸-スチレン共重合体、及び無水マレイン酸-アクリロニトリル共重合体などが挙げられる。
マレイン酸系共重合体は、マレイン酸の単量体と、これ以外の前記共重合可能な不飽和単量体又は不飽和オリゴマーとが重合した共重合体が挙げられる。
マレイン酸系重合体として、上述したマレイン酸系の単独重合体及び共重合体から選択される1種又は2種以上を使用することができる。
本実施形態に用いる「カルボン酸ポリマー」又は水溶性高分子重合体の重量平均分子量は、標準ポリスチレンを標準物質として、GPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー)分析により、測定することができる。
本実施形態に用いる不飽和脂肪酸塩として、例えば、直鎖、分岐鎖又は環状鎖のいずれでもよく、このうち、直鎖不飽和脂肪酸が好ましい。また、不飽和脂肪酸塩の炭素数は、特に限定されないが、5~12が好ましい。直鎖不飽和脂肪酸のうち、オレイン酸塩、リノール酸塩、リノレン酸塩、アラキドン酸塩などが挙げられ、これらから選択される1種又は2種以上を使用することができる。
本実施形態に用いるリン酸塩系分散剤として、例えば、水溶性リン酸塩などが挙げられ、当該水溶性リン酸塩として、ヘキサメタリン酸塩、トリポリリン酸塩、オルトリン酸塩、メタリン酸塩、ポリリン酸塩などが挙げられ、これらから選択される1種又は2種以上を使用することができる。このうち、ヘキサメタリン酸塩が好ましい。
本実施形態に係るドレッグス改質剤などの薬剤には、上記分散剤以外に、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲内で、適宜、任意成分を含んでもよい。当該任意成分として、特に限定されないが、例えば、pH調整剤、消泡剤、防食剤、スケール防止剤、殺菌剤、殺藻剤などの種々の水処理薬剤から選択される1種又は2種以上を使用してもよい。
本実施形態に用いる分散剤は、ドレッグス改質作用、ドレッグス含水率低減作用、ドレッグス分散作用、ドレッグス粘度低減作用、及び残アルカリ分回収率向上作用などを有するので、当該分散剤を、ドレッグス改質剤、ドレッグス含水率低減剤、ドレッグス分散剤、ドレッグス粘度低減剤、残アルカリ分回収率向上剤などの薬剤に含有させることができ、又はこれら薬剤に使用することができる。本発明は、前記分散剤自体を、上述したドレッグス改質剤などの薬剤として使用することもできる。本発明は、ドレッグス改質、ドレッグス含水率低減、ドレッグス分散、ドレッグス粘度低減、残アルカリ分回収率向上などの目的のために用いる、前記分散剤もしくは分散剤成分又はその使用を提供することができる。また、前記分散剤又は分散剤成分は、上述したドレッグス改質剤などの薬剤又は製剤を製造するために使用することができる。また、本発明は、前記分散剤をドレッグスに対して使用する又は添加する、ドレッグス改質方法、ドレッグス含水率低減方法、ドレッグス分散方法、ドレッグス粘度低減方法、ドレッグスからの残アルカリ分回収率向上方法などを提供することも可能である。
本実施形態に係る薬剤を、ドレッグススラリー及び/又はドレッグス残渣に対して添加することが好ましく、より好適にはドレッグススラリーに対して添加することであり、さらに好適には、緑液クラリファイヤでの引抜き以降のドレッグススラリーである。
通常、緑液処理により発生したドレッグススラリーに対して、廃棄の前に、ドレッグス残渣を得るために、ドレッグス脱水工程が行われる。このため、本実施形態の薬剤を、ドレッグス脱水工程におけるドレッグススラリーに対して添加することが好ましく、より好ましくは、洗浄後のドレッグススラリーに対して添加することが好ましく、洗浄後であって濃縮前、濃縮中若しくは濃縮後のドレッグススラリー、又はシャワーラインのドレッグススラリーのいずれでもよい。さらにより好ましくは、本実施形態で係る薬剤を、洗浄後であって濃縮前又は濃縮中のドレッグススラリーに対して添加することである。当該濃縮方法として、沈降濃縮方法、ドラムフィルター方法、又はこれらの組み合わせた方法が好ましいが、これらに限定されない。
通常、脱水工程を経て得られたドレッグス残渣は、水系外に出される。
本実施形態の薬剤を用いることによって、緑液処理で発生したドレッグスをより良好に改質する技術を提供することができる。
さらに、本実施形態の薬剤を用いて得られたドレッグス残渣は良好に改質されており、改質されたドレッグス残渣は、例えば、含水率が低減されていること、残アルカリ分が低減されていること、粘度が低減されていることなどから少なくも1つの性質を有する。このことにより、本実施形態の改質されたドレッグス残渣は、路盤材などに再利用可能は再生材料にしやすいなどの利点も有する。また、本実施形態の薬剤を使用することによって、残アルカリ分の回収率向上、含水率低減によって、ドレッグス残渣の廃棄量をより低減でき、搬送量及び廃棄コストも低減できる。
2-1.本実施形態に係るドレッグス改質方法の概要
本実施形態に係るドレッグス改質方法は、薬剤を用いるドレッグス改質方法を提供することができる。当該薬剤は、ドレッグスを改質可能な薬剤であれば特に限定されないが、上記「1.」の本実施形態の薬剤を用いることが好ましい。
このように、本実施形態のドレッグス改質方法によって、緑液処理で発生したドレッグスをより良好に改質する技術を提供することができる。
また、本実施形態に係るドレッグス改質方法は、ドレッグス含水率低減方法、ドレッグス分散方法、ドレッグス粘度低減方法、ドレッグスからの残アルカリ分回収率向上方法などから選択される1種又は2種以上にも適用することができる。
なお、本発明の実施形態に係るドレッグス改質方法では、上記「1.」や後述する「3.」などの構成と重複する、ドレッグス、分散剤、薬剤などの各構成などの説明については適宜省略するが、当該「1.」「3.」などの説明が、本実施形態にも当てはまり、当該説明を適宜採用することができる。
本実施形態のドレッグス改質方法は、本第一実施形態として、本実施形態のドレッグス改質剤などの薬剤を用いることを特徴とするドレッグス改質方法を提供することができる。
本実施形態のドレッグス改質方法は、本第二実施形態として、ドレッグス残渣をモニタリングすることを特徴とするドレッグス改質方法を提要することができる。
以下に、本実施形態におけるパルプ製造の概要、本第一実施形態の方法、本第二実施形態の方法について、説明する。
本実施形態の方法が適用可能なパルプ製造系の一例として、図1に、パルプ製造系1の概略構成図を示すが、本実施形態の方法はこのパルプ製造系1の適用に限定されず、様々なパルプ製造系に適用することができる。
パルプ製造系1は、蒸解系10と、黒液処理系20と、緑液清澄化系30と、消和・苛性化系40と、を備えることができる。これら系は、図1において実線で示される管で互いに連通され、全体として循環路を構成してもよい。
以下、各構成要素について詳細に説明する。
蒸解系10は、蒸解釜11を有し、この蒸解釜11の下流にはパルプ精製部が設けられていてもよい。蒸解釜11には、パルプの原料である木材チップと、水酸化ナトリウムを含有する白液とが投入され、木材チップの蒸解が行われる。
これによって生じたパルプはパルプ精製部へと移送され、漂白、抄紙工程などを順次受け、紙が製造される。一方で、廃液である黒液は、水酸化ナトリウムの回収などのため、後述するエバポレータ21へと移送される。
黒液処理系20は、上流から順に、エバポレータ21と、ボイラ22と、を有してもよい。黒液は、エバポレータ21で濃縮された後、ボイラ22へと移送され、このボイラ22内で燃焼される。これにより、黒液に含有されていた無機ナトリウム塩が溶融し、ボイラ22の底部からスメルトとして排出される。排出されたスメルトは、溶解タンク31へと移送される。
緑液清澄化系30は、上流から順に、溶解タンク31と、緑液クラリファイヤ32と、清澄緑液タンク33と、を有してもよい。スメルトは、溶解タンク31において水に撹拌され、溶解又は分散する。これにより、水酸化ナトリウムに加え、炭酸ナトリウムを豊富に含有する緑液(「粗緑液」ともいう。)が生成される。溶解タンク31には、図示しない送液ポンプが設けられており、粗緑液はこの送液ポンプに吸引され、緑液クラリファイヤ32へと移送される。粗緑液は、残存する未溶解成分が、緑液クラリファイヤ32において除去される。その後、清澄緑液タンク33へと移送されて貯留され、やがて苛性化系41へと移送される。
緑液クラリファイヤとして、特に限定されないが、例えば、多段クラリファイヤ、ユニットクラリファイヤ、貯槽兼用型クラリファイヤ、沈降濃縮式クラリファイヤなどが挙げられ、このうち、貯槽兼用型が好ましい。
一般的に、緑液クラリファイヤから引抜かれたスラッジは、ドレッグス成分を含み粘性のあるスラリー状であり、このスラリー状のドレッグスを脱水するドレッグス脱水工程を行うことで、ドレッグススラリーからろ液とドレッグス残渣とに分離し、このろ液は残アルカリ分として回収されて再利用され、ドレッグス成分を含むドレッグス残渣は排水設備へ送られるか、廃棄物として廃棄されている。
また、本実施形態におけるドレッグス脱水系は、ドレッグスの固形分を濃縮するように構成されている濃縮装置を少なくとも備えることが好ましく、より好ましくは、ドレッグスを洗浄するように構成されている洗浄装置と当該濃縮装置とを備えることである。
また、濃縮工程により、ドレッグス含水率低減、及びドレッグス中の残アルカリ分の低減ができるので、廃棄などの観点から、濃縮工程を行うことが好ましい。
例えば、沈降濃縮装置の一例として、ドレッグスを撹拌機付きの希釈タンクで洗浄用温水で洗浄した後に、ドレッグスウォッシャーで濃縮し、さらに洗浄ドレッグスとして廃棄又はドレッグスフィルターに移送されるように構成されている沈降濃縮装置などが挙げられる。
例えば、ドレッグスフィルター方法として、特に限定されないが、例えば、ドラムフィルター方法、ベルトフィルター方法、及びプレコートフィルター方法から選択される1種又は2種以上が一般的に採用されうる。これら方法を実施する装置として、ドラムフィルター装置、ベルトフィルター装置、プレコートフィルター装置などが挙げられる。
例えば、ベルトフィルター装置の一例として、ドレッグス残渣を移送するベルト上で、振動などにてドレッグス残渣の薄い層を形成させ、このドレッグス残渣を剥ぎ取って廃棄するように構成されているベルトフィルター装置が挙げられる。
消和・苛性化系40は、苛性化系41と、白液クラリファイヤ42と、白液タンク43と、を有してもよい。消和・苛性化系40は、この白液クラリファイヤ42の下流に位置するライムマッドフィルター45、キルン44をさらに有してもよい。苛性化系41、白液クラリファイヤ42、白液タンク43は、互いに連通され、全体として循環路を構成する。
本第一実施形態に係るドレッグス改質方法では、上記「1.」「2-1.」「2-2.」、下記「2-4.」「3.」などの構成と重複する、ドレッグス、分散剤、薬剤などの各構成などの説明については適宜省略するが、当該「1.」「2-1.」「2-2.」などの説明が、本実施形態にも当てはまり、当該説明を適宜採用することができる。
本第一実施形態に係るドレッグス改質方法は、上記「1.」のドレッグス改質剤などの薬剤を、ドレッグスに対して添加することが好適である。
当該薬剤として、分散剤が好適であり、カルボン酸化合物がより好適であり、このうち、ポリヒドロキシカルボン酸、ポリカルボン酸ポリマー、及びその塩から選択される1種又は2種以上が、より好適である。さらに、アルドン酸及びその分子内ラクトン、(メタ)アクリル酸系共重合体、及びこれらの塩から選択される1種又は2種以上が、さらにより好適である。
添加する際のドレッグスのpHは、好ましくは11以上、より好ましくは12以上である。
図1を参照して、本第一実施形態におけるドレッグス改質方法の一例を説明するが、本実施形態はこれに限定されない。なお、上記「2-2-3.緑液清澄化系」などの構成と重複する説明は適宜省略する。
本第一実施形態における緑液清澄化系30は、黒液処理系20から送られてきた、スメルトを含む粗緑液を清澄化し、消和・苛性化系40に清澄緑液を送るように構成されており、具体的には、溶解タンク31と、緑液クラリファイヤ32と、清澄緑液タンク33とを備える。さらに、緑液清澄化系30は、緑液クラリファイヤ32で発生するスラッジ(ドレッグススラリー)を引抜き、このドレッグススラリーを脱水することで、ろ液とスラッジ残渣を得、ろ液は残アルカリ分としてパルプ製造系内で再利用し、スラッジ成分を含むスラッジ残渣は系外に廃棄するように構成されているドレッグス脱水系50を備える。
なお、本第二実施形態に係るドレッグス残渣のモニタリングを用いる、ドレッグス改質方法では、上記「1.」、「2-1.」「2-2.」、「2-3.」、下記「2-5.」「3.」などの構成と重複する、ドレッグス脱水系、分散剤、薬剤、ドレッグス改質方法などの各構成などの説明については適宜省略するが、当該「1.」「2-1.」「2-2.」「2-3.」「2-4.」「3.」などの説明が、本実施形態にも当てはまり、当該説明を適宜採用することができる。
しかしながら、従来、ドレッグスは、高粘度であってかつ高アルカリであるため取り扱いも難しく、ドレッグス測定専用の測定装置もなく手分析でドレッグスの性状を分析していた。このため、従来、ドレッグス分析の回数は極めて少なく、ドレッグスの管理は十分に行われてこなかった。このため正確にドレッグスの状態が把握できず、ドレッグス脱水工程において、系外に出すドレッグス残渣の含水率が十分に低減できない状態にあった。
モニタリングをする監視場所は、ドレッグス脱水系、すなわちドレッグス脱水工程を実施できる場所のいずれでもよいが、好ましくは、濃縮場所及び当該濃縮以降の場所(濃縮装置、ライン又は流路など)であり、系外に送られるまでである。濃縮場所及び当該濃縮以降の場所として、例えば、沈降濃縮装置及び沈降濃縮処理以降の場所、ドレッグスフィルター装置及びドレッグスフィルター処理以降の場所が挙げられる。さらに、好ましくは濃縮以降の場所であり、より好ましくは、沈降濃縮以降の場所、及び/又はドレッグスフィルター処理以降後の場所であり、さらに好ましくは、ドレッグスフィルター処理以降の場所である。また、モニタリング数は、単数又は複数のいずれでもよい。これにより、より簡便に、より精度よく、ドレッグス残渣の含水率をモニタリングすることができる。
ドレッグス残渣の含水率をモニタリングする際に、当該含水率を測定するための水分測定装置又は水分測定方法は、特に限定されない。水分測定装置にて、測定されたドレッグス残渣の含水率は、外部又は内部に送信される。当該内部又は外部は、例えば、コンピュータ、データベース、クラウドシステム、ネットワークシステムなどであってもよく、外部又は内部に備えられた記憶部又は制御部であってもよい。
水分測定装置として、好ましくは光学式水分測定装置(光学式水分計)であり、当該光学式水分測定装置として、例えば、近赤外水分計、γ線密度計などが挙げられるが、これに限定されない。また、水分測定装置は、非接触型が好ましく、非接触型であっても、手分析(蒸発残分)と同様の含水率の増減の傾向を得ることができる。
水分測定装置と対象物との距離は、使用する水分測定装置(例えば、近赤外水分計など)の機種に応じて適宜設定することができる。また、水分測定装置の検出部は、特に限定されず、水分測定可能なラインセンサカメラ(CMOSなど)であってもよい。
水分測定装置の使用温度は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは0~40℃、より好ましくは5~40℃であり、使用湿度範囲は、特に限定されないが、好ましくは30~80%RHである。
また、後記〔実施例〕に示すように、近赤外線による方法の測定結果(ドレッグス含水率)と、乾燥機による方法(蒸発残分)の測定結果(ドレッグス含水率)とは、図6に示すように、比例関係にあることが認められたため、ドレッグス含水率を近赤外線による方法にて測定することが、より良好な精度の観点から、好ましい。
本第二実施形態で使用する薬剤は、ドレッグスが分散可能な剤であれば特に限定されないが、前記ドレッグス改質剤を用いることが好ましい。
本第二実施形態では、前記モニタリングから得られたドレッグス残渣の含水率から、ドレッグスに対する薬剤の添加量を調整し制御する。本第二実施形態における薬剤の添加の制御は、前記モニタリングから得られたドレッグス残渣の含水率から、ドレッグス(好適にはドレッグススラリー)に対する薬剤の添加量を調整し制御するように構成されていることが好ましい。
薬剤の添加場所は、本第一実施形態の「ドレッグス改質剤を添加する場所」と同じであることが好ましく、より好ましくは、洗浄場所後のライン又は流路、濃縮場所に薬剤を流入させるためのライン又は流路、及び濃縮場所のいずれか1種又は2種以上である。
また、本実施形態における装置又はシステムは、本実施形態の薬剤添加の制御工程に従って動作又は実施を行うことができる。
ステップ100において、制御部は、水分測定装置にドレッグス残渣の含水率をモニタリングさせる。制御部は、水分測定装置に対して、モニタリングにて得られた含水率の結果を、制御部に送信させるように指示してもよい。なお、制御部は、水分測定装置の測定結果と、手分析(蒸発残分)による含水率との整合性をとるように、水分測定装置の測定結果を、手分析(蒸発残分)による含水率換算に変換してもよい。手分析(蒸発残分)による含水率は、予めドレッグス残渣の含水率(蒸発残分)を記憶されている記憶部から制御部に送信し、制御部が手分析(蒸発残分)による含水率換算の演算式を算出しこれを用いてもよく、他の部で算出された含水率換算の演算式を、制御部が受信しこれを用いてもよい。水分測定装置の測定結果である含水率を、蒸発残分の含水率にするための含水率換算演算式として、特に限定されず、現場ごとに適切な演算式を求めることもできるが、例えば式1;Y=aX+bの演算式において、aを1~4程度、より好ましくは2~3、bを10~40程度、より好ましくは20~30を設定してもよい。
Y=aX+b・・・式1
Y;手分析(蒸発残分)による含水率%
X;水分測定装置による含水率%
a;一次関数の傾き
b;一次関数の切片
「モニタリングにて得られた含水率」は、連続的に又は定期的に水分測定装置にてリアルタイムに「得られた含水率」であってもよく、また、水分測定装置にて連続的に又は定期的に測定され、記憶部に記憶されている含水率のデータから、判定部によって、時間間隔や日時、曜日等を考慮して「含水率データ」を選択し、読み込まれた「含水率データ」であってもよい。
「所定の含水率」は、仮設定していたものを、現場の状況(例えば、水系の管理状況や運転状況、ドレッグス残渣の状況など)に応じて、適宜変更してもよい。所定の含水率のデータは、記憶部に予め記憶していたものであってもよく、必要に応じて制御部に送信されうる。
第二含水率設定値より高い(NO)と判定した場合には、薬剤添加量をそのままの状態にするように薬剤添加部に指示する、又は、薬剤添加部に特に指示をせず、薬剤添加量を維持する。ステップ101に戻る。
このようにすることによって、ドレッグス残渣の含水率を適切な範囲内に調整することができる。これにより、ドレッグス改質、ドレッグス含水率低減、ドレッグス分散、ドレッグス粘度低減、ドレッグスからの残アルカリ分回収率向上などが良好に行うことができる。
また、上記には、ステップ102にて「所定の含水率」の上限設定による薬剤添加量の制御、次いで、ステップ103にて「所定の含水率」の下限設定による薬剤添加量の制御を行っているが、「所定の含水率」の下限設定による薬剤添加量の制御、次いで「所定の含水率」の上限設定による薬剤添加量の制御の順でも行うことも可能である。
図2及び図3を参照して、本第二実施形態におけるドレッグス改質方法の一例を説明するが本実施形態はこれに限定されない。なお、上記「2-2-3.緑液清澄化系」などの構成と重複する説明は適宜省略する。
本第二実施形態における緑液清澄化系は、黒液処理系20から送られてきた、スメルトを含む粗緑液を清澄化し、消和・苛性化系40に清澄緑液を送るように構成されており、具体的には、溶解タンク31と、緑液クラリファイヤ32と、清澄緑液タンク33とを備える。さらに、緑液清澄化系は、緑液クラリファイヤ32で発生するドレッグススラリーを脱水することで、ろ液とスラッジ残渣を得、ろ液は残アルカリ分としてパルプ製造系内で再利用し、スラッジ残渣は系外に廃棄するように構成されているドレッグス脱水系50を備える。
本第二実施形態では、さらに、ドレッグス残渣の含水率の低減を向上させるために、脱水工程におけるドレッグススラリーに対して薬剤を添加するように構成されている薬剤添加部52を備える。当該薬剤添加部52は、ドレッグススラリーに対して、適切になるように、薬剤の種類及び添加量、添加温度などの添加条件を調整し制御するように構成されている。
本実施形態では、さらに、薬剤添加部52の薬剤添加を制御する制御部55が備えられており、当該制御部55は、水分測定装置53からの含水率データの信号を受信することができ、水分測定装置53によるドレッグス残渣の水分測定を制御してもよい。
また、本実施形態の方法を、上述したドレッグス改質方法などの方法を実施又は管理するための装置(例えば、コンピュータ、ノートパソコン、デスクトップパソコン、タブレットPC、PLC、サーバ、クラウドサービスなど)又は当該装置に備える制御部(当該制御部はCPUなどを含む)によって実現させることも可能である。また、本実施形態の方法を、記録媒体(不揮発性メモリ(USBメモリなど)、SSD(Solid State Drive)、HDD(Hard Disk Drive)、CD、DVD、ブルーレイなど)などを備えるハードウェア資源にプログラムとして格納し、前記制御部によって実現させることも可能である。前記制御部によって、上述したドレッグス改質、残アルカリ分回収率向上などのシステムなど、当該制御部もしくは当該システムを備える装置を提供することも可能である。また、当該管理装置には、タッチパネルやキーボードなどの入力部、ネットワークや内部もしくは外部アクセスなどの通信部、タッチパネルやディスプレイなどの表示部などを備えてもよい。
本実施形態は、ドレッグスに対して本実施形態の分散剤を添加する機能を含むドレッグス改質を実現させるプログラムを提供することができる。
本実施形態は、ドレッグス残渣の含水率をモニタリングする機能と、当該含水率からドレッグスに対する薬剤の添加量を制御する機能とを含むドレッグス改質を実現させるプログラムを提供することができる。
本実施形態のプログラムはこれらに限定されず、一例として、当該プログラムを装置にて本実施形態の方法を実施することもできる。
本実施形態に係るドレッグス脱水系では、上記「1.」、「2.」などの構成と重複する、ドレッグス脱水系、分散剤、薬剤、ドレッグス改質方法などの各構成などの説明については適宜省略するが、当該「1.」、「2.」などの説明が、本実施形態にも当てはまり、当該説明を適宜採用することができる。
本実施形態に係るドレッグス脱水系は、水分測定装置を用いてドレッグス残渣の含水率をモニタリングし、当該含水率からドレッグススラリーに対するドレッグス改質剤の添加量を制御するように構成されている、ドレッグス改質を制御する装置を備えることが、この含水率からドレッグススラリーに対する薬剤の添加量を適切に調整するように制御できるので、好ましい。これにより、ドレッグス残渣の含水率を低減できるとともに、さらにドレッグススラリーの状態に適合した薬剤添加量にし、薬剤使用量を低減することも可能である。
さらに、本実施形態に係るドレッグス脱水系は、濃縮後のドレッグス残渣の含水率をモニタリング可能なように構成されている水分測定装置を備えることが好ましい。
さらに、本実施形態に係るドレッグス脱水系は、ドレッグススラリーの固形分を濃縮する濃縮装置及び、ドレッグススラリーに対して薬剤を添加する薬剤添加装置を備えることが好ましく、さらにドレッグススラリーを洗浄する洗浄装置を備えることがより好ましい。
・〔1〕 分散剤を含有するドレッグス改質剤。
・〔2〕 前記分散剤が、カルボン酸化合物、及び/又は、リン酸塩系分散剤である、前記〔1〕に記載のドレッグス改質剤。当該ドレッグス改質剤は、ドレッグス含水率低減剤、ドレッグス分散剤、ドレッグス粘度低減剤、又は残アルカリ分回収率向上剤のいずれかであってもよい。
・〔3〕 前記分散剤が、カルボン酸化合物である、前記〔1〕に記載のドレッグス改質剤。
前記カルボン酸化合物は、ポリヒドロキシカルボン酸又はその塩、ポリカルボン酸ポリマー又はその塩、及び不飽和脂肪酸塩などのカルボン酸化合物、並びに、リン酸塩系分散剤から選択される1種又は2種以上であることが好適である。
・〔4〕 前記分散剤が、カルボン酸化合物であり、
当該カルボン酸化合物が、ポリヒドロキシカルボン酸もしくはその塩、及び/又は、ポリカルボン酸ポリマーもしくはその塩である、前記〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれか1つに記載のドレッグス改質剤。
前記ポリヒドロキシカルボン酸もしくはその塩が、アルドン酸及び/又はその分子内ラクトン、もしくはその塩である、及び/又は、前記ポリカルボン酸ポリマーもしくはその塩が、(メタ)アクリル酸系重合体もしくはその塩である、ことが好適である。
・〔5〕 前記分散剤が、カルボン酸化合物であり、
当該カルボン酸化合物が、グルコン酸もしくはその塩、及び/又は、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸塩である、前記〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれか一項に記載のドレッグス改質剤。
・〔6〕 前記薬剤が、引抜き後以降のドレッグスに添加するために用いるものである、前記〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれか一項に記載のドレッグス改質剤。より好適には、前記薬剤が、洗浄後のドレッグスに添加するために用いるものであることが好適である。
・〔8〕 ドレッグス改質剤を製造するための分散剤の使用。当該ドレッグス改質剤は、前記〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれか1つに記載されたものであることが好適である。
前記水分測定装置が、非接触型であることが好適である。
・〔11〕 前記水分測定装置が、光学式水分計(好適には近赤外水分計)又はγ線密度計である、前記〔10〕に記載のドレッグス改質方法。
・〔12〕 前記ドレッグス改質剤が、前記〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれか一つに記載のドレッグス改質剤である、前記〔10〕又は〔11〕に記載のドレッグス改質方法。
・〔13〕 ドレッグス残渣の含水率をモニタリングするように構成されている水分測定装置と、
当該含水率からドレッグススラリーに対してドレッグス改質剤を添加するように構成されている薬剤添加装置とを備える、ドレッグス改質装置。当該ドレッグス改質装置はシステムであってもよい。
さらに、水分測定装置を用いてドレッグス残渣の含水率をモニタリングし、当該含水率からドレッグススラリーに対するドレッグス改質剤の添加量を制御するように構成されている制御装置を備えてもよい。当該制御装置は、ドレッグス改質方法を実施又は管理するための装置であってもよい。また、前記〔10〕~〔12〕に記載のドレッグス改質方法を実施又は管理するための装置も提供されうる。
・〔14〕 水分測定装置を用いてドレッグス残渣の含水率をモニタリングし、当該含水率からドレッグススラリーに対するドレッグス改質剤の添加量を制御するように構成されている、ドレッグス改質を制御する装置。当該制御装置は、好適には、コンピュータ等である。
・〔15〕 前記〔13〕に記載のドレッグス改質装置又は〔14〕に記載のドレッグス改質制御装置を備える、ドレッグス脱水系又はドレッグス脱水装置。当該ドレッグス脱水系又はドレッグス脱水装置は、緑液処理系もしくは緑液処理装置、又は、パルプ製造系もしくは製造装置であってもよい。
ドレッグススラリーとして、某製紙工場の苛性化工程から採取した薬剤無添加のドレッグススラリーを用い、このドレッグススラリーの性状を表1に示した。
ドレッグススラリーの含水率は、蒸発残分にて、ドレッグス残渣の含水率を求めた。具体的には、試料100mLを、予め質量をはかり恒量を得た蒸発皿(乾燥前)にとり、これを105℃~110℃の乾燥器で恒量に達するまで乾燥し、デシケーター中で放冷した後蒸発皿の増量(乾燥後)をはかって、蒸発残分とした。〔乾燥前の試料質量-乾燥後の試料質量/乾燥前の試料質量〕×100(%)から、含水率(%)を求めた。
ドレッグススラリーの全アルカリ度(Na2O換算値)とは、SCAN-N 30:85に準じて求めたものである("Total, active and effective alkali", SCAN-N 30:85, Scandinavian pulp, paper and board testing committee.)。
ドレッグススラリーの粘性(ファンネル粘度)の測定は、西日本試験機のファンネル粘度計 S-251/流下型粘度計を使い、スラリーを60℃に加温し、500mL通過時間を測定した。
ドレッグススラリーをポリ瓶に50mL採取し、温浴中で所定温度(60℃)まで加熱した。このドレッグススラリー中に、薬剤500mg/L、及び5000mg/Lの所定量になるように薬剤を添加し、均一になるよう十分混合した。混合したスラリー全量を吸引濾過器(最大吸引圧力:-0.070MPa)でNo.5Aろ紙 6mmを入れた桐山漏斗にスラリーを投入、60秒間吸引濾過した。
濾過後の脱水ケーキ全量を取り出し、ろ紙を剥がし湿潤質量を測定した(Ww)。
その後、105℃の乾燥器内で12時間以上乾燥し、放冷後に乾燥質量を測定した(Wd)。脱水ケーキ中の含水率を次式より求めた。
脱水ケーキ中の含水率(質量%)=[(Ww-Wd)/Ww]×100
薬剤1:グルコン酸ナトリウム
薬剤2:アクリル酸単独重合体(Na)(上記<カルボン酸ポリマーの重量平均分子量の測定方法>による重量平均分子量1,000~20,000)
薬剤3:ノニオン性界面活性剤 ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテル
図5に、薬剤1~薬剤3を各ドレッグススラリーに対して添加した場合、その添加後の脱水ケーキ中の含水率の評価を示した。
石灰泥フィルター処理の際に、石灰泥の脱水に使用されているノニオン性界面活性剤タイプの薬剤3のポリオキシアルキレナルキルエーテルをドレッグススラリーに添加し混合したが、ドレッグスの含水率の低減が認められなかった。逆に、薬剤使用量500mg/Lと5000mg/Lのポリオキシアルキレナルキルエーテルを使用したときのドレッグス含水率は、ブランク(無添加)のときのドレッグスの含水率よりも、上昇したことを確認した。すなわち、石灰泥の含水率低下作用を有するノニオン性界面活性剤であるポリオキシアルキレナルキルエーテルに、ドレッグスの含水率の低減が認められず、かえって上昇が認められた。
薬剤2のアクリル酸単独重合体を、粘性のあるドレッグススラリーに添加し混合した場合でも、ドレッグスの含水率の低減を確認したが、グルコン酸ナトリウムを使用した方がドレッグスの含水率低下作用に優れた効果を示した。
薬剤無添加の場合この粘性は26.8秒であったが、薬剤1及び薬剤2ともに、粘性のあるドレッグススラリーに対してそれぞれを添加し混合した場合、それぞれの粘性度は、5000mg/L添加で26.0秒及び26.5秒であり、ドレッグス固形分の分散性が向上したため、ドレッグスの粘度低下が認められた。
このように、薬剤1及び薬剤2ともに分散タイプの薬剤といえ、ドレッグススラリーに混合したときに良好な分散性も確認できた。
ドレッグス残渣として、某製紙工場の苛性化工程から採取した薬剤無添加のドレッグス残渣(表1のドレッグススラリー1)を用いた。
ドレッグス残渣に、水道水を添加して、含水率を任意に代えた試料を3つ作成し、この3つについて、手分析(蒸発残分)及び近赤外水分計にて測定し、これらの結果を図5に示す。
ドレッグス残渣の含水率を、株式会社ケット科学研究所製の近赤外水分計「KJT-130」(商品名)にて、上方から、測定した。
<近赤外水分計KJT-130>
測定方式:近赤外線反射方式(3波長方式)
再現性:0±0.O05(校正板使用時)
測定距離:本体より150±25mm
測定径:約φ25mm
応答時間:約2秒
使用温度範囲:10℃~40℃
使用湿度範囲:O%~80%(結露なきこと)
これにより、近赤外水分計のような非接触型の水分測定装置であっても、得られた測定結果は、手分析によるドレッグス残渣の含水率の測定結果と相関関係にあることが確認できた。これにより、近赤外水分計のような非接触型の水分測定装置でも、ドレッグス残渣の含水率の増減も測定できることが確認できた。さらに、非接触型の水分測定装置は、手分析よりも簡便に測定でき、さらに手分析では難しいモニタリングもできるという利点を有する。また、非接触型の水分測定装置を用いることで、連続的又は断続的といった任意の期間でのドレッグススラリー及びドレッグス残渣のモニタリングも可能である。
Claims (11)
- 分散剤を含有するドレッグス改質剤。
- 前記分散剤が、カルボン酸化合物である、請求項1に記載のドレッグス改質剤。
- 前記分散剤が、カルボン酸化合物であり、
当該カルボン酸化合物が、ポリヒドロキシカルボン酸もしくはその塩、及び/又は、ポリカルボン酸ポリマーもしくはその塩である、請求項1又は2に記載のドレッグス改質剤。 - 前記ポリヒドロキシカルボン酸もしくはその塩が、アルドン酸及び/又はその分子内ラクトン、もしくはその塩である、請求項3に記載のドレッグス改質剤。
- 前記ポリカルボン酸ポリマーもしくはその塩が、(メタ)アクリル酸系重合体もしくはその塩である、請求項3に記載のドレッグス改質剤。
- 洗浄後のドレッグスに添加するために用いるものである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のドレッグス改質剤。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のドレッグス改質剤をドレッグススラリーに対して添加する、ドレッグス改質方法。
- ドレッグス含水率低減方法、又は、ドレッグスからの残アルカリ分回収率向上方法である、請求項7に記載のドレッグス改質方法。
- 水分測定装置を用いてドレッグス残渣の含水率をモニタリングし、当該含水率からドレッグススラリーに対するドレッグス改質剤の添加量を制御する、ドレッグス改質方法。
- 前記水分測定装置が、光学式水分計である、請求項9に記載のドレッグス改質方法。
- 前記ドレッグス改質剤が、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のドレッグス改質剤である、請求項9又は10に記載のドレッグス改質方法。
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