WO2022127818A1 - 抽油烟机 - Google Patents

抽油烟机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022127818A1
WO2022127818A1 PCT/CN2021/138284 CN2021138284W WO2022127818A1 WO 2022127818 A1 WO2022127818 A1 WO 2022127818A1 CN 2021138284 W CN2021138284 W CN 2021138284W WO 2022127818 A1 WO2022127818 A1 WO 2022127818A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
absorbing material
sound
passage
muffler
housing
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/138284
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄立锡
张洪军
赵宁
Original Assignee
香港大学浙江科学技术研究院
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Application filed by 香港大学浙江科学技术研究院 filed Critical 香港大学浙江科学技术研究院
Publication of WO2022127818A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022127818A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/20—Removing cooking fumes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of noise reduction of range hoods, in particular to a range hood with a noise reduction device.
  • the cooker hood is a kitchen appliance that purifies the kitchen environment, and is usually installed above the kitchen stove or on the side of the wall.
  • the cooker hood can quickly remove the waste from the stove and the harmful fumes generated during the cooking process and discharge them outdoors or partially filter them indoors, while condensing and collecting the fumes, thereby reducing pollution and purifying the air.
  • the noise problem will inevitably occur during the use of the range hood, and the main sources are the aerodynamic noise and structural mechanical noise caused by the fan itself of the range hood.
  • the main sources are the aerodynamic noise and structural mechanical noise caused by the fan itself of the range hood.
  • Sound source noise reduction is mainly achieved by improving the fan structure and design of the range hood.
  • the range hood with the existing structure has been difficult to improve the noise reduction effect of the sound source under the constraints of the process conditions.
  • Active noise cancellation is to use electro-acoustic devices to generate a sound wave with the same magnitude and opposite phase as the noise sound pressure, thereby canceling the noise sound field.
  • active noise cancellation it is difficult to achieve the ideal effect in the medium and high frequency noise components, and its design, manufacturing and maintenance costs are all high.
  • Passive noise reduction is achieved by installing passive mufflers in the intake passage of the range hood to achieve effective noise reduction.
  • the harsh working conditions of the range hood often cause the internal structure of the muffler to fail, thus affecting the use.
  • the task of the present invention is to provide a range hood, whereby the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art are overcome.
  • the present invention provides a range hood, which includes a housing and a smoke collector, the housing defines a channel for communicating with the smoke collector, and is characterized in that: A sound-absorbing device is arranged in the channel along the longitudinal direction of the channel to define a passage for the oil fume to circulate, the sound-absorbing device includes: a sound-absorbing material, the sound-absorbing material is used for noise reduction and is configured to directly or Indirectly attached to the housing; a diaphragm disposed between the sound absorbing material and the passage to block soot from entering the sound absorbing material but not to block sound waves from entering the sound absorbing material.
  • the muffling device further includes a perforated structure member, the perforated structure member is arranged at least on the side of the sound absorbing material facing the oil fume to define a space relative to the channel.
  • the frame of the passage is defined with respect to the shape of the sound absorbing material adjacent thereto, the sound absorbing material and the passage being arranged on both sides with respect to the perforated structure.
  • the membrane is arranged between the perforated structure and the passage.
  • the membrane is arranged between the sound absorbing material and the perforated structure.
  • the muffling means are distributed in a discrete or continuous form within the cross-section of the channel.
  • the muffling device comprises: a first muffling portion attached to the inner wall of the housing and defining an inner space relative to the passage; a second muffling portion The muffling portion, the second muffling portion is positioned in the inner space and is distributed in a matrix, radial or circular pattern in the cross section of the inner space to define the muffler with respect to the first muffling portion. the passage; a connector configured to position the second muffler portion relative to the first muffler portion or the housing.
  • the muffling device is arranged on the inner wall of the housing and defines a plurality of passages spaced apart from each other and arranged side by side with respect to the passage, and the cross-sectional shape of the passages is rectangular .
  • the muffling device is in the shape of a circular arc along the longitudinal direction on the side facing the smoke collector in the cross section of the channel, and is in the shape of an arc on the side away from the smoke collector. Tapered, while the muffler is sealed with baffles on both sides in the longitudinal direction.
  • the perforation rate of the perforated structure may be greater than 20%, and the thickness of the diaphragm is preferably designed to be 10-100 microns.
  • the cross-sectional area of the passage at least accounts for more than 50% of the cross-sectional area of the channel.
  • the muffler device for a range hood and the muffler method for noise reduction of a range hood using the muffler device provided by the present invention use the diaphragm to block the oil fume from contaminating the sound-absorbing material without affecting the sound-absorbing material to attenuate the noise, thereby reducing noise.
  • the possible pollution and even structural failure of the sound-absorbing material caused by oil fume is avoided, so that the sound-absorbing material can effectively exert a good sound-absorbing effect, and the muffler device has good applicability to a kitchen range hood.
  • FIG. 1 exemplarily shows a perspective view of a range hood with a muffler device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along A-A of FIG. 1 , which exemplarily shows the compositional structure of the muffler device for the range hood according to the present invention
  • Figures 3a to 3d exemplarily show schematic cross-sectional views of the muffler device of the cooker hood according to the present invention distributed in discrete and continuous modes;
  • Figures 4a to 4b exemplarily show noise test result graphs of a cooker hood with a muffler device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a cooker hood 1 according to the present invention having a sound-absorbing device 2 as an example.
  • the cooker hood 1 includes a housing 3, which is generally a rectangular tubular member, and in the longitudinal direction of the housing 3 (also the longitudinal direction of the passage 30 mentioned below) extends at one end of the housing 3
  • a smoke collector 4 is provided, and the smoke collector 4 is arranged toward or close to the kitchen stove.
  • the housing 3 is communicated with the smoke collector 4 through an air inlet arranged at the junction of the two.
  • An air outlet is arranged at the other end of the housing 3 for discharging oil fumes.
  • the side marked I is the air inlet
  • the side marked O is the air outlet.
  • the fan 5 can be arranged on the side of the casing 3 close to the air outlet.
  • the muffling device 2 is arranged on the side of the casing 3 close to the smoke collector 4 , and is arranged to extend in the longitudinal direction of the casing 3 as required.
  • the arrangement of the muffler device 2 in the housing 3 is such that a passage 260 for the passage of oil fumes is defined in the passage 30 .
  • the muffler device 2 is specifically arranged at a position in the casing 3 between the fan 5 and the smoke collector 4 .
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view along A-A of FIG. 1 , which exemplarily shows a structural diagram of the composition of the muffler device 2 of the range hood 1 according to the present invention.
  • the muffling device 2 includes a sound absorbing material 20 , a diaphragm 24 and an optional perforated structure 22 .
  • the sound absorbing material 20 is optionally a porous sound absorbing material 20 (usually made of foam or fibers) and is used to reduce target noise.
  • the sound absorbing material 20 can be attached directly to the housing 3, for example by means of gluing, etc. known to those skilled in the art, or it can be indirectly attached to the housing 3 or the cooker hood by means of optional perforated structures 22. on other parts.
  • the muffling device 2 may include two parts, which are a first muffling part 26 and a second muffling part 28 , each of which may be composed of a sound absorbing material 20 , a diaphragm 24 and an optional perforated structure 22 .
  • the first muffling part 26 is attached to the inner wall of the casing 3 and defines an interior space with respect to the passage 30 of the casing 3 (in the case of only the second muffling part 28, the inner space is The space is defined by the second muffler part 28 relative to the channel 30 of the housing 3), and the second muffler part 28 can be connected to, for example, the first muffler part 26 or the housing 3 or the cooking fume by means of the connecting piece 29 Therefore, the second muffler part 28 is positioned relative to the first muffler part 26, and at the same time, the two together define a passage 260 relative to the channel 30 for the flow of oil fume.
  • the diaphragm 24 can be coated on the surface of the sound absorbing material 20 facing the passage 260 to prevent oil fume from entering the sound absorbing material 20 .
  • the above-mentioned connecting pieces 29 are arranged between the first muffler portion 26 and the second muffler portion 28 , as shown in FIG. 1 , at positions close to both ends of the second muffler portion 28 .
  • the connecting member 29 may be a solid cylindrical member or a hollow tubular member. Those skilled in the art can think that the arrangement position and shape of the connecting member 29 can be selected according to the consideration of the realized function and cost.
  • the sound absorbing material 20 may be attached directly to the housing 3 itself, as previously described. Whereas in the embodiment in which the muffling device 2 only comprises the second muffling portion 26 , the sound absorbing material 20 may be indirectly connected to the housing 3 , eg by means of a connecting piece 29 , in order to achieve its positioning in the channel 30 . In the above two cases, the diaphragm 24 is covered on the surface of the sound absorbing material 20 facing the channel 260 to prevent oil fume from entering the sound absorbing material 20 .
  • the optional perforated structure 22 is integrally formed as a frame having a plate-like form (eg, a panel).
  • the perforated structure 22 may be disposed between the sound absorbing material 20 and the passageway 260 .
  • the perforated structures 22 are arranged at intervals or continuously with respect to the sound absorbing material 20 in the longitudinal direction of the housing 3 .
  • the perforated structural member 22 can assist the housing 3 to define an inner cavity to accommodate the sound-absorbing material 20 to form the basic frame of the first sound-absorbing portion 26, and can be adjusted relative to each other by changing the perforated structural member 22.
  • the shape of the sound absorbing material 20 is defined by the shape of the housing 3 .
  • the perforated structural member 22 can also independently define the basic frame of the first muffler portion 26 having a cavity of a desired shape.
  • the perforated structural members 22 can also independently define the basic frame of the second muffler portion 28 having a cavity of a desired shape.
  • the perforated structural member 22 assists the housing 3 to form the basic frame of the first sound absorbing part 26 and the basic frame of the second sound absorbing part 28 independently, the perforated structural member 22 can be regarded as being arranged on the face of the sound absorbing material 20 .
  • One side of the oil fume that is, the sound absorbing material 20 and the oil fume are distributed on both sides of the perforated structural member 22 ) and relative to the channel 30 define the structure of the aforementioned passage 260 .
  • the sound absorbing material 20 is accommodated in the inner cavity, and the shape of the sound absorbing material 22 can be defined by changing the shape of the perforated structural member 22 .
  • the perforated structure 22 as the first muffler part 26 can be attached to the housing 3 by means of known means such as welding, gluing, etc., and the perforated structure 22 as the second muffler part 28 by means of a connecting piece 29 is attached to the perforated structure 22 of the first sound-absorbing part 26 or the sound-absorbing material 20 or the shell 3, for example in a known manner by welding, gluing or the like.
  • the perforated structure 22 (frame with panels) can support and protect the sound absorbing material 20 contained in the cavity.
  • the perforated structural member 22 may be a metal, plastic or wood perforated plate, or may be a grid structure of any material capable of providing structural support, such as a metal grid, a plastic grid, and the like.
  • the perforation structure 22 has a perforation rate greater than 20% (the perforation rate can be understood as the ratio of the area of the upper holes to its total surface area), such a perforation rate can ensure that the sound waves pass through the perforated structure 22 unobstructed, thereby being absorbed
  • the acoustic material 20 absorbs for noise reduction purposes.
  • the perforation rate is also affected by the structural stability of the perforated structural member 22 itself, the structural strength required by the perforated structural member 22 to provide support for the sound absorbing material 20, the transmission of sound waves, and other factors such as manufacturing costs and processes. Therefore, the perforation rate of the perforated structural member 22 can be appropriately selected according to the actual situation.
  • the diaphragm 24 is arranged between the sound absorbing material 20 and the passage 260, and the diaphragm 24 can block the oil fume discharged through the passage 260 from entering the sound absorbing material 20 but does not prevent sound waves from entering the sound absorbing material 20, so as to satisfy the While meeting the sound requirements, the sound absorbing material 20 can be prevented from being polluted by oil fume and causing structural failure.
  • the septum 24 is disposed between the perforated structure 22 and the passageway 260 .
  • the membrane 24 may also be arranged between the sound absorbing material 20 and the perforated structure 22 .
  • the membrane 24 may be disposed on the inner or outer surface of the perforated structure 22, such as by adhesively attaching to the surface of the corresponding structure.
  • Diaphragm 24 may be a thin film made of metal (eg, stainless steel), plastic, or other materials. The thickness of the membrane 24 is between 10 and 100 microns. The use of the above-mentioned diaphragm 24 can effectively exert the advantages of the porous sound absorbing material 20 in terms of sound absorbing effect.
  • the diaphragm can in principle be made of any material, where the main acoustic influence is its surface mass density ⁇ m s, where ⁇ m is the diaphragm material density and s is the diaphragm thickness.
  • the damping performance of a single material is usually negligible unless specially designed for that material.
  • the diaphragm function is not sound absorption, and the damping of natural materials contributes little to sound absorption compared to sound absorbing materials. Therefore, the choice of the chemical composition of the diaphragm is not determined by its sound absorption properties, but by other factors such as fire resistance, corrosion resistance, aesthetics, product cost and other considerations.
  • the present invention also considers the following requirements within the range of diaphragm selection, namely (1) within the generally foreseeable range of oil fume temperature, the diaphragm material will not be deformed by more than 1% ; (2) The oil fume will not cause it to be corroded and deteriorated or fail within the general service life of the range hood (such as 5-10 years) (3) It will not be too thin to install and operate within the allowable weight range.
  • the 10-micron diaphragm is acceptable for the high-frequency noise generated by the range hood, but if the diaphragm is made of a material with a larger specific gravity, the thickness needs to be reduced accordingly. Considering cost and installation difficulty, the minimum thickness of the diaphragm can reach 5 microns.
  • Metal films (stainless steel, copper or aluminum alloy, etc.) and heat-resistant plastic films can obviously satisfy the above conditions.
  • a “membrane” may be a continuous and densely extending cover without macroscopically visible holes and capable of separating the sound absorbing material it covers (inner) from the surrounding soot environment (outer).
  • the diaphragm can prevent the fiber or foam material inside the sound-absorbing material from entering the surrounding environment, and on the other hand, it can prevent oil fume (smoke) in the surrounding environment from entering the sound-absorbing material.
  • this does not mean that there is no internal and external communication at the molecular scale of air, so there is no need for air tightness requirements as high as food packaging.
  • the muffler device 2 may be coaxially arranged in the channel 30 defined by the housing 3 , of course, this is not a limitation, and those skilled in the art can adapt the muffler device 2 to the channel 30 according to requirements. in the location.
  • the muffler device 2 in the cross section of the channel 30 in the housing 3, assuming that the cross section is divided into four quadrants using a rectangular coordinate system, the muffler device 2 can have the same cross-sectional area in the above four quadrants , that is to say, in the four quadrants, the divided parts of the muffler device 2 can be evenly distributed, thereby having the same muffling effect, of course, this is not a limitation.
  • the muffling devices 2 may be distributed discretely or continuously.
  • Such an arrangement provides a variety of structural possibilities for the muffler device 2, so as to adapt to the needs of different muffling effects.
  • the discretely distributed structure can maximize the surface area of the muffler device 2, while the continuously distributed structure can effectively save costs.
  • the diaphragm 24 may also have a corrugated configuration to provide more adequate contact between the soot and the sound absorbing material.
  • those skilled in the art can think of other diaphragm designs to increase the contact area between the two under the inspiration of the present application, but such structural designs do not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
  • 3a-3d are schematic cross-sectional views of the muffler device 2 of the cooker hood 1 according to the present invention, which are distributed in a discrete and continuous manner.
  • the muffling device 2 may comprise two muffling parts, namely a first muffling part 26 and a second muffling part 28, as previously described.
  • two muffling portions are provided have been discussed above, in which the descriptions with and without the perforated structure 22 have been referred to. The following description is only for the situation shown in the figure.
  • the first muffling portion 26 is disposed on the inner surface of the housing 3 and conforms to the housing 3, and further defines an interior space within the channel 30 defined by the housing 3.
  • the second muffler portion 28 is positioned in the inner space relative to the first muffler portion 26 by means of the connecting piece 29 and defines a passage 260 together with the first muffler portion 26, while the second muffler portion 28 is in a matrix, radial shape Or circular (on the whole, the first muffler portion 26 and the second muffler portion 28 together form an annular channel 260 ) distributed in the cross section of the channel 30 .
  • each matrix block of the second silencing part 28 may be rectangular, circular or triangular.
  • the circularly distributed second muffler portion 28 can define an annular passage 260 together with the first muffler portion 26 for oil fume to pass through.
  • the passageway 260 defined by the first muffling portion 26 may be rectangular, circular, or other suitable shape as shown. This is also evident in light of the present invention.
  • the muffling means 2 are arranged on the inner surface of the casing 3 and conform to the casing 3, while the muffling means 2 define with respect to the channel 30 at least two spaced apart from each other And the vias 260 are arranged in parallel.
  • the muffler devices 2 are distributed in the channels 30 in a substantially sheet-like manner at the intervals of the passages 260 .
  • the number of the passages 260 is optionally four, and the cross-sectional shape of the passages 260 is rectangular. It should be understood that the number and shape of the passages 260 can be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to actual needs, which obviously does not depart from the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the cross-sectional area of the passage 260 formed by the muffler device 2 in the housing 3 relative to the passage 30 accounts for at least 50% of the cross-sectional area of the passage 30, so that the The average flow rate and pressure loss of oil fume are controlled within a reasonable range, which can advantageously take into account the sound absorption performance and flow resistance.
  • the muffler device 2 is in the cross section of the channel 30, and its upstream starting end (also called the intake end, which is the end close to the smoke collector 4) is rounded It is arc-shaped, and tapered (conical) at the downstream end (ie, the end away from the smoke collector 4, and the end shown in the figure is close to the fan 5).
  • the sound-absorbing material 20 can be sealed by using the partition plate to match the diaphragm 24 or the perforated structural member 22 .
  • the above arrangement of the muffler device 2 and the specific structure of the muffler device 2 effectively increase the surface area of the muffler device 2 , which significantly improves the muffler effect of the muffler device 2 .
  • the length of the channel 30 defined by the housing 3 can be appropriately extended, so that the sound-absorbing device 2 arranged therein is also appropriately extended, so that a larger sound-absorbing capacity can be obtained and the sound-absorbing effect can be further enhanced.
  • the length of the channel 30 can design the length of the channel 30 according to the desired noise reduction effect, for example, 70-80 cm, preferably 40-70 cm.
  • increasing the cross-sectional area of the muffler device 2 is also an option to obtain a large amount of muffling.
  • a muffler device 2 is provided, the length of the muffler device 2 is 50 cm, and its cross-sectional area accounts for 56% of the cross-sectional area of the channel 30, which can achieve a noise reduction effect of 8 decibels. It is conceivable that an increase in the length of the muffler device 2 is beneficial for noise reduction.
  • the noise in this frequency band can directly penetrate the diaphragm 24 and enter the sound-absorbing material, thereby being attenuated and absorbed. Therefore, if the noise generated by the range hood 1 is in this frequency band, the muffler device 2 provided by the present invention can effectively muffle the sound.
  • the noise can be scattered by appropriately reducing the thickness of the diaphragm 24, appropriately bending the diaphragm 24, or the surface area of the muffler device 2 can be increased by using a matrix distribution as shown in FIG. 3c , so as to achieve the purpose of effective noise reduction.
  • FIG. 4a-4b schematically show the noise test result diagram of the range hood 1 with the muffler device 2 according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 4a is a spectrum diagram of sound wave transmission loss, and FIG.
  • the results in the above figure are derived from a cooker hood 1 using a muffler device 2 with a discrete circular structure (as shown in Figure 3a).
  • the muffling device 2 has two muffling parts, ie, a first muffling part 26 and a second muffling part 28 .
  • the length of the muffler device 2 is 50 cm, and its cross-sectional area accounts for 56% of the cross-sectional area of the channel 30 .
  • the range hood 1 provided by the present invention has a good noise reduction effect in the range of 125Hz to 4000Hz. As a result, the noise energy of the range hood 1 is significantly reduced after noise reduction.
  • the range hood provided by the present invention uses the diaphragm to block the oil fume from contaminating the sound-absorbing material without affecting the noise attenuation of the sound-absorbing material, thereby avoiding possible pollution of the sound-absorbing material or even structural failure caused by the oil fume, so that the sound-absorbing material can effectively Playing a good sound absorption effect, the muffler device has good applicability to kitchen range hoods.

Abstract

一种抽油烟机(1)，包括壳体(3)和集烟器(4)，所述壳体(3)限定出用于连通所述集烟器(4)的通道(30)，在所述通道(30)内沿通道(30)的纵向布置有消声装置(2)以限定出供油烟流通的通路(260)，所述消声装置(2)包括吸声材料(20)和隔膜(24)，所述吸声材料(20)用于降噪并被构造成直接地或间接地附接至所述壳体(3)，所述隔膜(24)布置在所述吸声材料(20)和所述通路(260)之间以阻隔油烟进入但不阻碍声波进入所述吸声材料(20)。该抽油烟机(1)在利用隔膜(24)阻挡油烟污染吸声材料(20)的同时不影响吸声材料(20)衰减噪声，从而避免油烟导致的吸声材料(20)的污染甚至结构失效，使得吸声材料(20)能够有效发挥吸声作用。

Description

抽油烟机 技术领域
本发明涉及抽油烟机降噪技术领域，尤其涉及具有消声装置的抽油烟机。
背景技术
抽油烟机属于净化厨房环境的厨房电器，其通常安装在厨房炉灶上方或侧边安装在壁面上。抽油烟机能将炉灶燃烧的废物和烹饪过程中产生的对人体有害的油烟迅速抽走并排出室外或部分在室内过滤处理，同时将油烟冷凝收集，从而减少污染、净化空气。
然而，抽油烟机在使用过程中难以避免地会出现噪声问题，其主要来源是抽油烟机的风扇本身导致的气动噪声和结构机械噪声。现有的降噪研究主要存在三个方面，即声源降噪、有源消声以及被动消声。
声源降噪主要通过改进抽油烟机的风扇结构和设计来实现。但是由于需要保证抽油烟机的风量和风压，现有结构的抽油烟机在工艺条件的约束下已经难以提高声源降噪效果。
有源消声是利用电声器件产生一个与噪声声压大小相等、相位相反的声波，从而抵消噪声声场。对于有源消声而言，其在中高频噪声成分难以达到理想效果，而且其设计、制造和维护成本均较高。
被动消声是通过在抽油烟机进气通道内加装被动消声器来实现有效降噪的，然而抽油烟机的恶劣工作条件却经常会导致消声器内部结构失效，从而影响使用。
基于此，相关技术人员致力于设计一种用于抽油烟机的消声装置及消声方法，进而改善消声装置的性能，从而克服现有技术存在的缺陷。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是提供一种抽油烟机，借此克服上述现有技术的缺点。
为了完成上述任务，本发明提供一种抽油烟机，所述抽油烟机包括壳 体和集烟器，所述壳体限定出用于连通所述集烟器的通道，其特征在于，在所述通道内沿所述通道的纵向布置有消声装置以限定出供油烟流通的通路，所述消声装置包括：吸声材料，所述吸声材料用于降噪并被构造成直接地或间接地附接至所述壳体；隔膜，所述隔膜布置在所述吸声材料和所述通路之间以阻隔油烟进入所述吸声材料但不阻碍声波进入所述吸声材料。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述消声装置还包括穿孔结构件，所述穿孔结构件至少布置在所述吸声材料的面向所述油烟的一侧而形成相对于所述通道限定出所述通路的框架并且针对其邻近的所述吸声材料的形状进行限定，所述吸声材料和所述通路关于所述穿孔结构件布置在两侧。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述隔膜布置在所述穿孔结构件和所述通路之间。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述隔膜布置在所述吸声材料和所述穿孔结构件之间。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述消声装置在所述通道的横截面内呈离散或连续的形式分布。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述消声装置包括：第一消声部分，所述第一消声部分附接在所述壳体的内壁并相对于所述通道限定出内部空间；第二消声部分，所述第二消声部分定位在所述内部空间中并在所述内部空间的横截面内呈矩阵式、放射状或圆形分布以相对于所述第一消声部分限定出所述通路；连接件，所述连接件被构造成相对于所述第一消声部分或所述壳体定位所述第二消声部分。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述消声装置布置在所述壳体的内壁上并相对于所述通道限定出彼此间隔且并列排布的多个通路，所述通路的横截面形状呈矩形。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述消声装置沿所述纵向在所述通道的横截面内朝向所述集烟器的一侧呈圆弧状，在远离所述集烟器的一侧呈渐缩状，同时所述消声装置在所述纵向的两侧利用隔板密封。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述穿孔结构件的穿孔率可以大于20％，并且所述隔膜的厚度最好被设计为10-100微米。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述通路的横截面积至少占所述通道的横截面积的50％以上。
本发明提供的用于抽油烟机的消声装置及使用该消声装置对抽油烟机进行降噪的消声方法在利用隔膜阻挡油烟污染吸声材料的同时不影响吸声材料衰减噪声，从而避免了可能的由油烟导致的吸声材料的污染甚至结构失效，使得吸声材料能够有效发挥良好的吸声作用，该消声装置对厨房抽油烟机具有良好的适用性。
本发明的其它特征和优点的一部分将会是本领域技术人员在阅读本发明后显见的，另一部分将在下文的具体实施方式中结合附图描述。
附图说明
以下，结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施例，其中：
图1示例性示出本发明具有消声装置的抽油烟机的立体示意图；
图2是图1沿A-A的剖视图，其示例性示出根据本发明的抽油烟机的消声装置的组成结构图；
图3a至3d示例性示出根据本发明的抽油烟机的消声装置以离散式和连续式进行分布的截面示意图；
图4a至4b示例性示出根据本发明的具有消声装置的抽油烟机的噪声测试结果图。
附图标记说明
1-抽油烟机 2-消声装置 20-吸声材料 22-穿孔结构件 24-隔膜 26-第一消声部分 260-通路 28-第二消声部分 29-连接件 3-壳体 30-通道 4-集烟器 5-风扇
具体实施方式
现参考附图来详细说明根据本发明的用于抽油烟机的示例性方案。提供附图是为了呈现本发明的多个实施方式，但附图不必按具体实施方案的尺寸绘制，并且某些特征可被放大、移除或局剖以更好地示出和解释本发明的公开内容。附图中的部分构件可在不影响技术效果的前提下根据实际需求进行位置调整。在说明书中出现的短语“在附图中”或类似用语不必参考所有的附图或示例。
在下文中被用于描述附图的某些方向性术语，例如“内”、“外”、“上”、“下”和其它方向性术语将被理解为具有其正常含义且指正常观看附图时所涉及的那些方向。除非另有指明，否则本说明书所述方向性术语基本按 照本领域技术人员所理解的常规方向。
本发明中所使用的术语“第一”、“第一个”、“第二”、“第二个”及其类似术语在本发明中并不表示任何顺序、数量或重要性，而是用于将一个零部件与其它零部件区分开。
图1示例性示出本发明具有消声装置2的抽油烟机1的立体示意图。在这里，抽油烟机1包括壳体3，壳体3通常为矩形管状件，并且在壳体3的纵向(也为下文提及的通道30的纵向)延伸方向上，在壳体3的一端设置有集烟器4，集烟器4朝向或者说靠近厨房炉灶布置。壳体3与集烟器4通过布置在二者接合处的进风口相连通。在壳体3的另一端布置有出风口用于排出油烟。如图1所示，标记I的一侧为进风口，标记O的一侧为出风口。风扇5可以布置在壳体3内靠近出风口的一侧。消声装置2布置在壳体3内靠近集烟器4的一侧，并且在壳体3的纵向上根据需要延伸布置。消声装置2在壳体3中的布置使得在通道30中限定出供油烟通过的通路260。如图1所示，消声装置2具体布置在壳体3内风扇5和集烟器4之间的位置。
图2是图1沿A-A的剖视图，其示例地示出根据本发明的抽油烟机1的消声装置2的组成结构图。如图2所示，消声装置2包括吸声材料20、隔膜24以及可选的穿孔结构件22。
吸声材料20可选地为多孔吸声材料20(通常由泡沫或纤维制成)并用于对目标噪声进行降噪。吸声材料20可以例如通过粘接等本领域技术人员已知的方式直接附接至壳体3，也可以借助可选的穿孔结构件22被间接地附接至壳体3或者抽油烟机的其它部件上。
优选地，消声装置2可以包括两部分，它们分别为第一消声部分26和第二消声部分28，各部分均可由吸声材料20、隔膜24以及可选的穿孔结构件22构成。在两部分同时存在的情况下，第一消声部分26被附接于壳体3的内壁并相对于壳体3的通道30限定出内部空间(在仅有第二消声部分28时，内部空间则是由第二消声部分28相对于壳体3的通道30来限定)，而第二消声部分28可利用连接件29连接至例如第一消声部分26或壳体3或抽油烟机的其它部件，从而第二消声部分28相对于第一消声部分26实现定位，同时二者相对于通道30共同限定出通路260以供油烟流通。在前述消声装置不使用穿孔结构件22的情况下，隔膜24可以包覆在吸声材料20面向通路260侧的表面上以阻挡油烟进入吸声材料20内。上述连接件29布置在第一消声部分26和第二消声部分28之间，如图1所示，布置在第二消声部分28 的靠近两端的位置。连接件29可以是实心柱状件或空心管状件。本领域技术人员可以想到，连接件29的布置位置和形状可以根据实现的功能及成本等考量进行选择。
在消声装置2仅包括第一消声部分26的实施例中，吸声材料20可以如前所述自身直接附接至壳体3。而在消声装置2仅包括第二消声部分26的实施例中，吸声材料20可以例如借助连接件29与壳体3间接连接，以实现其在通道30内的定位。在上述两种情况下，隔膜24均包覆在吸声材料20面向通路260侧的表面上以阻挡油烟进入吸声材料20内。
可选的穿孔结构件22整体形成为具有板状形式(例如面板)的框架。穿孔结构件22可以布置在吸声材料20和通路260之间。本领域技术人员可以想到，穿孔结构件22在壳体3的纵向上相对于吸声材料20间隔地或连续地布置。在使用穿孔结构件22的情况下，穿孔结构件22可以辅助壳体3限定出内腔来容纳吸声材料20从而形成第一消声部分26的基本框架，并且能够通过改变穿孔结构件22相对于壳体3的形状来限定吸声材料20的形状。当然，穿孔结构件22也可以独立地限定出具有所需形状内腔的第一消声部分26的基本框架。另外，穿孔结构件22也可以独立限定出具有所需形状内腔的第二消声部分28的基本框架。在穿孔结构件22辅助壳体3形成第一消声部分26的基本框架和独立形成第二消声部分28的基本框架的情况下，穿孔结构件22可以看作是布置在吸声材料20面向油烟的一侧(即吸声材料20与油烟关于穿孔结构件22分布在其两侧)并相对于通道30限定出前述通路260的结构。在上述情况下，吸声材料20容纳在内腔中，通过改变穿孔结构件22的形状能够实现对吸声材料22形状的限定。其中作为第一消声部分26的穿孔结构件22可以借助于例如焊接、粘接等已知方式附接至壳体3，而作为第二消声部分28的穿孔结构件22可以借助于连接件29例如以焊接、粘接等已知方式附接至第一消声部分26的穿孔结构件22或吸声材料20或壳体3。
穿孔结构件22(具有面板的框架)能够对内腔中容纳的吸声材料20起到支撑和保护的作用。具体说，穿孔结构件22可以是金属、塑料或木质的穿孔板，也可以是能够提供结构支撑的任何材料的网格结构例如金属栅格、塑料网格等。穿孔结构件22具有大于20％的穿孔率(穿孔率可以理解为其上孔的面积占其总表面积的比值)，这样的穿孔率可以保证声波不受阻拦地通过穿孔结构件22，从而被吸声材料20吸收以达到降噪目的。本领域技术人 员可以想到，穿孔率还受到穿孔结构件22本身的结构稳定性、穿孔结构件22为吸声材料20提供支撑所需的结构强度、声波透过情况以及其它制造成本和工艺等因素的影响，因此可以结合实际情况对穿孔结构件22的穿孔率进行相适应的选择。
优选地，隔膜24布置在吸声材料20和通路260之间，隔膜24能够阻隔经由通路260排放的油烟进入吸声材料20中但不会阻碍声波进入所述吸声材料20，从而在满足消声要求的同时可以避免吸声材料20受到油烟的污染而出现结构失效的问题。具体地，隔膜24布置在穿孔结构件22和通路260之间。替代地，隔膜24也可以布置在吸声材料20和穿孔结构件22之间。换言之，隔膜24可以布置在穿孔结构件22的内表面或外表面，如利用粘接方式附接至相应结构的表面。隔膜24可以是由金属(例如不锈钢)、塑料或其它材质制成的薄膜。隔膜24的厚度在10至100微米之间。采用如上所述的隔膜24能够有效地发挥多孔吸声材料20在吸声效果方面的优势。
如上所述，隔膜原则上可由任何材料制成，此时主要声学影响考虑在于其表面质量密度ρ m s，其中，ρ m表示隔膜材料密度，s表示隔膜厚度。除非对该材料进行特殊设计，否则单一材料的阻尼性能通常可以忽略不计。在本发明中，隔膜功能不是声音吸收，与吸声材料相比，天然材料的阻尼对于吸声的贡献很小。因此，隔膜的化学组分的选择并非是由其吸声性能决定，而是可由其它因素如耐火性、抗腐蚀性、美观性、产品成本等考虑来决定。
不过考虑到本发明中隔膜的使用环境，本发明也将以下几点要求考量在隔膜选择的范围内，即(1)在一般可预见的油烟温度范围内不会导致隔膜材料超过1％的变形；(2)油烟不会导致它在抽油烟机的一般使用寿命范围内(比如5-10年)被侵蚀而变质或失效(3)在重量许可范围内不至于太薄而难以安装操作，对此，以不锈钢金属薄膜为例，10微米隔膜对抽油烟机产生的高频噪声是可接受的，但若隔膜采用比重更大的材质，厚度则需相应降低。考虑到成本和安装难度，隔膜的最低厚度可达到5微米。金属膜(不锈钢、铜或铝合金等)和经过耐热处理的塑料膜显然可以满足以上述条件。
在本文中，“隔膜”可以是连续且致密地延伸的覆盖件，其上不带有宏观可见的孔洞并能够将其包覆的吸声材料(内)与周围油烟环境(外)分开。隔膜一方面可以防止吸声材料内部纤维或泡沫材料进入周围环境，另一方面可以防止周围环境中的油烟(烟尘)进入吸声材料内。然而，这并不表示没有空气分子尺度的内外沟通，因此不需要如食品封装那样高的气密要求。在本发明 的启示下，如果需要满足内外空气压力平衡的要求必须开设几处通气孔而不会影响上述内外分隔的功能，那么这样的结构也应该视为本发明的隔膜。
可选地，消声装置2可以相对于壳体3限定的通道30同轴地布置在其中，当然这并非是限制性的，本领域技术人员可以根据需求适应性调整消声装置2在通道30中的位置。如图1所示，在壳体3内的通道30的横截面中，假设利用直角坐标系将该截面划分为四个象限，那么消声装置2在上述四个象限内可以具有相同的截面积，就是说，在四个象限内，划分出的消声装置2的各个部分可以均匀分布，由此具有相同的消声效果，当然这并非是限制性的。
替代地或可选地，在通道30的横截面中，消声装置2可以呈离散式或连续式分布。这样的布置为消声装置2提供多种结构可能性，从而适应不同消声效果的需求。离散式分布的结构可以最大化消声装置2的表面积，而连续式分布的结构可以有效地节约成本。同时隔膜24也可以是具有褶皱状构型的结构以提供油烟与吸声材料更充分地接触。当然，本领域技术人员可以在本申请的启示下想到其它增大二者接触面积的隔膜设计，但是这样的结构设计均未脱离本发明的精神。
图3a-3d是根据本发明的抽油烟机1的消声装置2以离散式和连续式进行分布的截面示意图。
在离散式分布的情况下，例如参见图3a、3c和3d，消声装置2可以包括如前所述的两个消声部分，即第一消声部分26和第二消声部分28。上文中已针对两个消声部分设置的几种情况进行了讨论，其中已涉及设置和未设置穿孔结构件22的说明。以下仅针对图中所示情形进行说明。参见图3a、3c和3d，第一消声部分26布置在壳体3的内表面上并适形于壳体3，并进一步在壳体3限定的通道30内限定出内部空间。第二消声部分28借助于连接件29相对于第一消声部分26定位在内部空间中并与第一消声部分26共同限定出通路260，同时第二消声部分28呈矩阵式、放射状或圆形(整体来看，第一消声部分26和第二消声部分28共同形成圆环形的通路260)分布在通道30的截面内。具体地，在矩阵式分布的消声装置2中，第二消声部分28的每个矩阵块可以呈矩形、圆形或三角形。对于放射状分布的第二消声部分28，其在截面中可以显示为“米”字型结构，当然本领域技术人员也可以在其启示下想到其它结构，但这仍落入本文范围内。对于圆形分布的第二消声部分28，如前所示，其可以与第一消声部分26共同限定出圆环状通路260 供油烟通过。当然，本领域技术人员可以预见，任何适用的形状都在本发明的启示下能够轻易获得。另外，第一消声部分26限定的通路260可以是如图所示的矩形、圆形或其它合适的形状。这在本发明的启示下也是显而易见的。
在连续式分布的情况下，例如参见图3b，消声装置2布置在壳体3的内表面上并适形于壳体3，同时消声装置2相对于通道30限定出至少两个彼此间隔且并列排布地通路260。换言之，也可以这样理解，即消声装置2在通路260的间隔下基本呈片状地分布在通道30中。在如图所示的具体实施例中，通路260的个数可选地为四个，通路260的截面形状呈矩形。应当理解，通路260的个数和形状均可以由本领域技术人员根据实际需要进行调整，而这显然不脱离本发明的保护范围。
在如上图3a-3d所示的截面中，消声装置2在壳体3中相对于通道30形成的通路260的截面积至少占通道30横截面积的50％以上，从而将流经其的油烟的平均流速和压力损失控制在合理范围内，这样可以有利地兼顾吸声性能和流动阻力。
除此之外，在通道30的纵向(长度)方向上，消声装置2在通道30的横截面内，其上游始端(也称进气端，其为靠近集烟器4的一端)呈圆弧状，而在下游末端(即远离集烟器4的一端，图中示出为靠近风扇5的一端)呈渐缩状(锥形)。这样的结构设计能够有效减少流经其间的油烟的流动损失。在消声装置2的两端，可以利用隔板配合隔膜24或者穿孔结构件22来密封吸声材料20。
上述消声装置2的布置方式和消声装置2所具有的特定结构有效地增加了消声装置2的表面积，这使得消声装置2的消声效果显著提高。
优选地，壳体3限定的通道30长度可以适当延长，使得其中布置的消声装置2也相适应地延长，从而能够获得更大的消声量，进一步增强消声作用。本领域技术人员可以根据想要实现的降噪效果来设计通道30的长度，例如70-80厘米，优选40-70厘米。同样地，可以理解，除了延长消声装置2的长度外，增大消声装置2的截面积也是获得大消声量的一种选择。优选地提供一种消声装置2，该消声装置2的长度为50cm，其截面积占通道30截面积的56％，其可以达到8分贝的降噪效果。可以想到，消声装置2的长度增加有利于降噪。
在应对中低频噪声(通常为500Hz以下)的情况下，处于该频段的噪声 能够直接穿透隔膜24进入吸声材料中，从而被衰减吸收。因此，如果抽油烟机1产生的噪声处于该频段，那么本发明提供的消声装置2能够实现有效地消声。
在应对中高频噪声的情况下，可以通过适当减小隔膜24的厚度、适当弯曲隔膜24来使噪声发生散射，或者可以通过使用如图3c所示的矩阵式分布来增加消声装置2的表面积，从而达到有效降噪的目的。
图4a-4b示意性地示出了根据本发明的具有消声装置2的抽油烟机1的噪声测试结果图，其中图4a为声波传递损失频谱图，图4b为频率累积噪声能量谱。
上图中的结果来源于采用离散型圆形结构的消声装置2(如图3a所示)的抽油烟机1。在这种消声装置2中，消声装置2具有两个消声部分，即第一消声部分26和第二消声部分28。该消声装置2的长度为50cm，其截面积占通道30截面积的56％。
参见图4a和4b，本发明提供的抽油烟机1在125Hz至4000Hz范围内具有良好的消声效果，结果，抽油烟机1在经过消声后噪声能量显著降低。
本发明提供的抽油烟机在利用隔膜阻挡油烟污染吸声材料的同时不影响吸声材料衰减噪声，从而避免了可能的由油烟导致的吸声材料的污染甚至结构失效，使得吸声材料能够有效发挥良好的吸声作用，该消声装置对厨房抽油烟机具有良好的适用性。
虽然仅用有限数量的实施例详述了本发明，但应当容易理解的是本发明不限于所公开的这样的实施例。相反，可通过合并任何数量的此前未描述的变化、改变、替代或等同来修改本发明，这与本发明的精神和范围相当。此外，虽然已描述了本发明的各不同实施例，但可以理解的是本发明的方面可仅包括实施例中的一些。因此，本发明不应被视为受以上说明的限制，而仅受所附权利要求限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种抽油烟机(1)，所述抽油烟机(1)包括壳体(3)和集烟器(4)，所述壳体(3)限定出用于连通所述集烟器(4)的通道(30)，其特征在于，在所述通道(30)内沿所述通道(30)的纵向布置有消声装置(2)以限定出供油烟流通的通路(260)，所述消声装置(2)包括：
    吸声材料(20)，所述吸声材料(20)用于降噪并被构造成直接地或间接地附接至所述壳体(3)；
    隔膜(24)，所述隔膜(24)布置在所述吸声材料(20)和所述通路(260)之间以阻隔油烟进入所述吸声材料(20)但不阻碍声波进入所述吸声材料(20)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的抽油烟机(1)，其特征在于，所述消声装置(2)还包括穿孔结构件(22)，所述穿孔结构件(22)至少布置在所述吸声材料(20)的面向所述油烟的一侧而形成相对于所述通道(30)限定出所述通路(260)的框架并且针对其邻近的所述吸声材料(20)的形状进行限定，所述吸声材料(20)和所述通路(260)关于所述穿孔结构件(22)布置在两侧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的抽油烟机(1)，其特征在于，所述隔膜(24)布置在所述穿孔结构件(22)和所述通路(260)之间。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的抽油烟机(1)，其特征在于，所述隔膜(24)布置在所述吸声材料(20)和所述穿孔结构件(22)之间。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的抽油烟机(1)，其特征在于，所述消声装置(2)在所述通道(30)的横截面内呈离散或连续的形式分布。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的抽油烟机(1)，其特征在于，所述消声装置(2)包括：
    第一消声部分(26)，所述第一消声部分(26)附接在所述壳体(3)的内壁并相对于所述通道(30)限定出内部空间；
    第二消声部分(28)，所述第二消声部分(28)定位在所述内部空间中并在所述内部空间的横截面内呈矩阵式、放射状或圆形分布以相对于所述第一消声部分(26)限定出所述通路(260)；
    连接件(29)，所述连接件(29)被构造成相对于所述第一消声部分(26)或所述壳体(30)定位所述第二消声部分(28)。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的抽油烟机(1)，其特征在于，所述消声装置(2)布置在所述壳体(3)的内壁上并相对于所述通道(30)限定出彼此间隔且并列排布的多个通路(260)，所述通路(260)的横截面形状呈矩形。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的抽油烟机(1)，其特征在于，所述消声装置(2)沿所述纵向在所述通道(30)的横截面内朝向所述集烟器(4)的一侧呈圆弧状，在远离所述集烟器(4)的一侧呈渐缩状，同时所述消声装置(2)在所述纵向的两侧利用隔板密封。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的抽油烟机(1)，其特征在于，所述穿孔结构件(22)的穿孔率大于20％，并且所述隔膜(24)的厚度被设计为10-100微米。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的抽油烟机(1)，其特征在于，所述通路(260)的横截面积至少占所述通道(30)的横截面积的50％以上。
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