WO2022127643A1 - 一种电致变色器件 - Google Patents

一种电致变色器件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022127643A1
WO2022127643A1 PCT/CN2021/135902 CN2021135902W WO2022127643A1 WO 2022127643 A1 WO2022127643 A1 WO 2022127643A1 CN 2021135902 W CN2021135902 W CN 2021135902W WO 2022127643 A1 WO2022127643 A1 WO 2022127643A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
varnish
conductive
conductive layer
electrochromic device
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PCT/CN2021/135902
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何嘉智
胡国阳
卢雁航
Original Assignee
深圳市光羿科技有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市光羿科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市光羿科技有限公司
Priority to EP21905572.0A priority Critical patent/EP4266118A1/en
Publication of WO2022127643A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022127643A1/zh
Priority to US18/207,310 priority patent/US20230314894A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/161—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
    • G02F2001/1536—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for additional, e.g. protective, layer inside the cell
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • G02F2001/1552—Inner electrode, e.g. the electrochromic layer being sandwiched between the inner electrode and the support substrate

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of electrochromism, and relates to an electrochromic device.
  • optical properties of electrochromic devices can produce stable and reversible color changes under the action of an external electric field, which have a very wide range of applications in automotive, construction and consumer electronics.
  • silver paste bus bars are generally pre-set on ITO by screen printing on the conductive layer, and then the electrochromic layer and the ion storage layer are coated on the conductive layer with the screen-printed silver paste.
  • the electrochromic layer or the ion storage layer at the edge of the ITO is wiped off, and then the electrochromic device is formed by compounding.
  • a sealing member is arranged on the surface where the electrochromic layer or the ion storage layer is removed, so as to ensure that the material inside the electrochromic device is isolated from water and oxygen.
  • the seal will stick to the electrochromic layer or the ion storage layer, and the electrochromic layer or the ion storage layer has a poor mechanical structure and is easy to crack, causing the seal to peel off easily. Moisture easily enters the device from where the seal is peeled off, thereby causing damage to the device.
  • the present application provides an electrochromic device.
  • the electrochromic device of the present application does not require wiping or reduces the difficulty of wiping, and has a good water vapor barrier effect.
  • the present application provides an electrochromic device, the electrochromic device comprising a first substrate layer, a first conductive layer, a solid-state color changing layer, a second conductive layer and a second substrate layer stacked in sequence;
  • a varnish layer is provided on the edge region of the first conductive layer and/or the edge region of the second conductive layer, and the dyne value of the varnish layer is subtracted from the solid color change layer and the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer.
  • the surface tension of the slurry of the structural layer in contact with the layer is ⁇ 5mN/m (for example, it can be 5mN/m, 4.5mN/m, 4mN/m, 3mN/m, 2mN/m, 1mN/m, 0mN/m, -1mN /m, -2mN/m, -3mN/m, etc.).
  • the structural layer in the solid-state color-changing layer that is in contact with the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer mainly refers to the ion storage layer or the electrochromic layer in the solid-state color-changing layer.
  • the slurry of the electrochromic layer is a mixed form in which the material of the electrochromic layer is dispersed in a solvent; the slurry of the ion storage layer is a mixed form in which the material of the ion storage layer is dispersed in a solvent.
  • examples of materials that can be used as the varnish layer include epoxy acrylic resins, urethane acrylic resins, polyester acrylic resins, mixtures thereof, and the like.
  • electrochromic layers examples include, but are not limited to: tungsten trioxide, polydecyl viologen and its derivatives, polyaniline and its derivatives, electrochromic conjugated polymers, or Copolymer
  • the electrochromic conjugated polymer includes polypyrrole and its derivatives, polythiophene and its derivatives, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and its derivatives, poly(propylenedioxythiophene) ) and its derivatives, polyfuran and its derivatives, polyfluorene and its derivatives, polycarbazole and its derivatives and its copolymers, one or a combination of at least two, the copolymer containing acceptor units
  • the compounds include one or a combination of at least two of benzothiadiazole, benzoselenadiazole, benzoxazole, benzotriazole, benzimidazole, quinoxaline and diketopyrrolopyrrole.
  • solvents that can be used as materials to disperse the electrochromic layer include, but are not limited to, ethanol, isopropanol, xylene, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, acetone, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
  • Examples of materials that can be used as ion storage layers include: oxides or complexes formed by metal elements of Groups IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, VIII, IB, and IIB that can store ions during electrochemical reactions one or a combination of at least two; preferably, the metal element is selected from Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Ir, Ni, Cu and Zn; preferably, The complex is selected from one or a combination of at least two of Prussian green, Prussian white, Prussian brown, Prussian blue, KFeFe(CN) 6 , FeNiHCF, FeHCF, NiHCF or XmYn ⁇ Fe(CN) 6 ⁇ , Wherein X is Na + or K + , and Y is Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , Ni + , Mn 2+ , Zn 2+ or Cu 2+ .
  • solvents that can be used as materials to disperse the ion storage layer include, but are not limited to, ethanol, isopropanol, xylene, toluene, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, acetone, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
  • the surface tension of the slurry of the electrochromic layer or the ion storage layer can be adjusted by adjusting the type of solvent, changing the solid content of the electrochromic layer/ion storage layer, adding nano-silica particles and other methods known to those skilled in the art , which is not repeated in this application.
  • a varnish layer (which is a solid-state structure layer) is arranged on the edge region of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, and the dyne value of the varnish and the solid color change layer are guaranteed to be in line with the first conductive layer or the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer.
  • the difference of the surface tension of the slurry of the structural layer in contact with the two conductive layers is ⁇ 5mN/m, so that due to the effect of surface tension, when the solid color-changing layer is applied, the slurry of the solid-state color-changing layer can be prevented from adhering to the varnish.
  • the setting of the varnish also defines the boundary of wiping, ensuring that wiping accuracy.
  • the edge region is a region whose distance from the outer edge of the first conductive layer or the outer edge of the second conductive layer is less than 10 mm, for example, the distance from the outer edge of the first conductive layer or the outer edge of the second conductive layer is less than 10 mm.
  • the distance from the outer edge is an area of 9mm, 8mm, 7mm, 6mm, 5mm, 4mm, 3mm, 2mm or 1mm.
  • the dyne value of the varnish minus the surface tension of the slurry of the structural layer in the solid color-changing layer in contact with the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer is ⁇ 0 mN/m.
  • the contact angle ⁇ between the paste of the structural layer in the solid color-changing layer that is in contact with the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer and the varnish layer is ⁇ 30°, for example, it can be 30°, 35°, 38° , 40°, 45°, 50°, 55°, etc.
  • the contact angle ⁇ between the paste of the structural layer in the solid-state color-changing layer that is in contact with the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer and the varnish layer is greater than or equal to 40°.
  • the paste of the structural layer eg EC (electrochromic layer paste) and/or CE (ion storage layer paste) in the solid-state color-changing layer in contact with the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer
  • the paste of the structural layer eg EC (electrochromic layer paste) and/or CE (ion storage layer paste) in the solid-state color-changing layer in contact with the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer
  • the paste of the structural layer eg EC (electrochromic layer paste) and/or CE (ion storage layer paste) in the solid-state color-changing layer in contact with the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer
  • the structural layers eg EC and/or CE
  • conductive lines are provided on the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.
  • the width of the varnish layer is greater than or equal to the width of the conductive line, and the thickness of the varnish layer is 1 ⁇ m-10 ⁇ m; (for example, 1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 7 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 9 ⁇ m or 10 ⁇ m ).
  • the thickness of the varnish layer is too large, it will affect the coating effect of the solid-state color-changing layer during the preparation of the device, and the electrochromic layer or the ion storage layer is likely to be difficult to make the varnish layer close to the electrochromic layer or the ion storage layer. The problem of complete coverage of the edge on one side, resulting in the absence of the electrochromic layer or ion storage layer at that edge.
  • the width of the varnish layer refers to the length of the varnish layer along the length direction of the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer.
  • the thickness of the conductive line is 1 nm-10 ⁇ m (for example, 1 nm, 3 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 30 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 300 nm, 500 nm, 800 nm, 1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 7 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m) , 9 ⁇ m or 10 ⁇ m),
  • the base layer can be a transparent base and an optical grade transparent material, specifically a flexible base material, including polyester film (Polyester Film, PET), cycloolefin copolymer or triacetate cellulose, etc.;
  • the conductive layer can be selected from indium-tin oxide (ITO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO), silver nanowires, graphene, Conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes, metal grids or silver nanoparticles;
  • the conductive wire can be selected from conductive silver paste, conductive copper paste, conductive carbon paste, nano-silver conductive ink, copper foil, copper wire or conductive film and other conductive materials or a combination of at least two;
  • the same material as the conductive layer can be directly used, and the thickness of the material at the conductive line is larger and the resistance is smaller, so that while ensuring the conductive function, since the material itself is transparent, the visual consistency of the product can be increased.
  • the solid-state color changing layer comprises an ion storage layer, an ion transfer layer and an electrochromic layer stacked in sequence, the ion storage layer is in contact with the first conductive layer, and the electrochromic layer is in contact with the second conductive layer.
  • the edge region of the first conductive layer and the edge region of the second conductive layer are respectively provided with a first varnish layer and a second varnish layer, the first varnish layer is in contact with the ion storage layer, and the first varnish layer is in contact with the ion storage layer.
  • the dip oil layer is in contact with the electrochromic layer.
  • the surface tension of the paste of the ion storage layer or the electrochromic layer is 15-32mN/m, such as 15mN/m, 18mN/m, 20mN/m, 22mN/m, 23mN/m, 24mN/m , 25mN/m, 26mN/m, 26.5mN/m, 27mN/m, 28mN/m, 29mN/m, 30mN/m, 31mN/m or 32mN/m.
  • the surface tension of the paste of the ion storage layer or the electrochromic layer is 20-32 mN/m.
  • the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer are respectively arranged side by side and in direct contact with the conductive lines on the first conductive layer and the conductive lines on the second conductive layer, the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer are flush with the edges of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, respectively.
  • the gap area can be discolored, but the areas of the varnish and conductive wire on both sides of the gap area cannot be discolored, so during the discoloration process, the discoloration of the gap area will be very Obtrusive, so in order to reduce the obtrusive visual effect, the conductive line and the varnish can be directly adjacent to and in contact with each other.
  • the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer respectively cover the conductive lines on the first conductive layer and the conductive lines on the second conductive layer, and the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer are respectively The edges of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are flush.
  • the varnish layer on the conductive wire can be set under the condition that the width of the sealant is equal, the area that cannot be discolored can be reduced, that is, the area of the visible area can be increased. At the same time, it can also protect the conductive wire to a certain extent and prevent the conductive wire from corroding.
  • the width d of the varnish layer is less than 25 mm to ensure that the discoloration area is maximized.
  • the electrochromic device further includes a sealing member disposed around the side surfaces of the electrochromic device.
  • the sealing member is a sealant structure.
  • the bonding effect between the sealant and the varnish layer is good, so that the effective sealing of the electrochromic device can be ensured, and the detachment of the sealant can prevent water and oxygen from entering the material of the electrochromic device.
  • the interface pull-out force of the sealant relative to the varnish surface should be greater than 2.0N/inch, preferably, the interface pull-out force of the sealant relative to the varnish surface should be greater than 4.0N/inch.
  • the varnish can act as a part of the seal, therefore, under the test condition of 60°C and 90% RH, the water vapor permeability of the varnish is not more than 15g/m 2 /24H.
  • the seal includes a structural adhesive layer and a sealant layer located outside the structural adhesive layer.
  • the viscosity of the structural adhesive layer is 300-500000 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the thixotropic index TI ⁇ 0.7 may be 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.8, 3.0, 3.5, etc.
  • the water vapor permeability of the sealant is not greater than 15g/m 2 /24H.
  • examples of materials that can be used as the sealant layer include, but are not limited to: polyepoxy acrylate, polyepoxy, urethane acrylate, polyether acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyacrylic resin, etc., and The mixture of its prepolymer and reactive diluent, the reactive diluent includes but is not limited to (meth)acrylates, vinyls and vinyl ethers, etc., wherein the vinyls include but are not limited to Styrene, the (meth)acrylates include but are not limited to mixtures of butyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate and the like.
  • Examples of materials that can be used as structural bondlines include, but are not limited to, polyepoxyacrylates, polyepoxyacrylates, urethaneacrylates, polyetheracrylates, polyesteracrylates, polyacrylic resins, and the like, and prepolymers thereof Mixtures with reactive diluents, the reactive diluents are mainly multifunctional, such as (meth)acrylates, vinyls and vinyl ethers, etc., wherein the (meth)acrylates include but Not limited to mixtures of tripropylene glycol diacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and the like.
  • the thixotropy of the glue is further improved by adding tackifiers, such as nano-scale fumed silica and organic bentonite.
  • the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer are respectively arranged side by side and in direct contact with the conductive lines on the first conductive layer and the conductive lines on the second conductive layer, the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer respectively flush with the edges of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, and the sealing member is located between the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer.
  • the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer respectively cover the conductive lines on the first conductive layer and the conductive lines on the second conductive layer, and the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer are respectively The edges of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are flush, and the sealing member is located between the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer.
  • the bonding force of the two can be enhanced.
  • the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer respectively cover the conductive lines on the first conductive layer and the conductive lines on the second conductive layer, and the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer are respectively There is a gap between the edges of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, and the seal includes a structural adhesive layer and a sealant layer located outside the structural adhesive layer, and the structural adhesive layer is located on the first varnish layer and the first varnish layer. Between two varnish layers, a part of the sealant layer is located between the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer, and the other part is filled into the gap.
  • the solid-state color changing layer comprises an ion storage layer, an ion transfer layer and an electrochromic layer stacked in sequence, the ion storage layer is in contact with the first conductive layer, the electrochromic layer is in contact with the second conductive layer, The first varnish layer and the second varnish layer cover the conductive wires on the first conductive layer and the conductive wires on the second conductive layer respectively, and the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer are respectively connected with the first varnish layer.
  • the seal includes a structural adhesive layer and a sealant layer located outside the structural adhesive layer, and the sealant layer is located between the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer , a part of the structural adhesive is located between the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer, and the other part is located at the edge of the ion transfer layer.
  • the ion transfer layer is preferably a solid state ion transfer layer.
  • the electrochromic device of this structure needs to be pre-applied with a structural adhesive on the edge of the ITO to form a plastic frame structure, and then drop the electrolyte in the plastic frame, and compound two layers under vacuum ITO, the electrolyte and plastic frame are cured after compounding. Therefore, the structural adhesive needs to have the characteristics of high viscosity and low fluidity to ensure that the original shape of the plastic frame is maintained as far as possible after the structural adhesive is dispensed until the sealant is cured, and the structural adhesive is also required to have a certain sealing ability. Therefore, if only one sealant is provided, the performance requirements of the sealant will be very strict. Therefore, by setting up the structure of two layers of glue, the structural glue has high viscosity and low fluidity, and plays a supporting role; the sealant has good water and oxygen barrier properties, and plays a sealing role.
  • At least one of the first base layer and the first conductive layer is a transparent structure layer
  • at least one of the second conductive layer and the second base layer is a transparent structure layer
  • the first base layer, the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer and the second base layer are all transparent structural layers.
  • the preparation process of the electrochromic device is as follows, and the following preparation methods are exemplarily listed:
  • a transparent conductive layer is formed on the transparent substrate by magnetron sputtering (or vacuum evaporation deposition, sol-gel and chemical vapor deposition, etc.);
  • the conductive wire and the varnish layer are arranged on the transparent conductive layer: the silver wire is formed by screen printing on the transparent conductive layer; and the varnish layer is formed by screen printing on the transparent conductive layer;
  • Forming a sealant layer dispensing glue on the outside of the structural adhesive layer, and curing to form a sealant layer.
  • the electrochromic device of the present application is provided with a varnish layer, so that in the preparation process, the ion storage layer and/or the electrochromic layer need not be wiped or the difficulty of wiping is reduced, labor costs are greatly reduced, and the wiping process is avoided. Therefore, the mass production performance of the electrochromic device can be greatly improved, and the product yield of the electrochromic device can be improved; and the good performance of the electrochromic device can be further ensured.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the electrochromic device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the electrochromic device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the electrochromic device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the electrochromic device provided in Embodiment 4 of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the electrochromic device provided in Embodiment 5 of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the electrochromic device provided in Embodiment 6 of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the electrochromic device provided in Embodiment 7 of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the electrochromic device provided in Embodiment 10 of the present application.
  • 1 is the first transparent base layer
  • 2 is the first transparent conductive layer
  • 3 is the ion storage layer
  • 4 is the ion transfer layer
  • 5 is the electrochromic layer
  • 6 is the second transparent conductive layer
  • 7 is the second transparent base
  • the bottom layer, 8 is the silver wire
  • 9 is the varnish layer
  • 91 is the first varnish layer
  • 92 is the second varnish layer
  • 10 is the seal
  • 11 is the structural adhesive layer
  • 12 is the sealant layer.
  • an electrochromic device is provided.
  • the electrochromic device includes a first transparent base layer 1 , a first transparent conductive layer 2 , an ion storage layer 3 , an ion
  • the transfer layer 4 the electrochromic layer 5, the second transparent conductive layer 6 and the second transparent base layer 7, the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer are provided with silver wires 8, and the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer are provided with silver wires 8.
  • the edge area of the conductive layer is provided with a varnish layer 9, and a sealing member 10 around the side of the electrochromic device. As shown in FIG.
  • the varnish layer 9 is arranged side by side with the silver wire 8 on the first transparent conductive layer, but does not contact , there is a gap between the two, the varnish layer 9 is flush with the edge of the first transparent conductive layer 2 , and the sealing member 10 is located between the varnish layer 9 and the second transparent conductive layer 7 .
  • the difference obtained by subtracting the surface tension of the slurry of the ion storage layer from the dyne value of the varnish layer is 5 mN/m, and the slurry of the ion storage layer and the varnish layer
  • the contact angle between ⁇ 30.2°.
  • the thickness of the silver wire is 10 ⁇ m, the width of the silver wire is 20 mm, the width of the varnish layer is 25 mm, and the thickness of the varnish layer is 10 ⁇ m.
  • the varnish layer 9 is pre-arranged at the edge of the first transparent conductive layer 2 before coating the ion storage layer, so that when the ion storage layer 3 is coated on the first conductive layer, the surface Due to the effect of tension, the adhesion of the ion storage layer 3 on the surface of the varnish is low, so that although the ion storage layer 3 is coated on the varnish layer 9, compared with the structure without the varnish layer, the difficulty of wiping is significantly reduced, and accurate
  • the boundary of the wiping area is defined to avoid the precision problem caused by wiping.
  • an electrochromic device is provided.
  • the electrochromic device includes a first transparent base layer 1 , a first transparent conductive layer 2 , an ion storage layer 3 , an ion
  • the transfer layer 4 , the electrochromic layer 5 , the second transparent conductive layer 6 and the second transparent base layer 7 , the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 are provided with silver wires 8 .
  • the edge regions of a transparent conductive layer 2 and a second transparent conductive layer 6 are respectively provided with a first varnish layer 91 and a second varnish layer 92, and the sealing member 10 around the side of the electrochromic device, as shown in FIG.
  • the varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 are arranged side by side with the silver wires 8 on the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6, but they are not in contact, and there is a gap between the two.
  • the varnish layer 92 is flush with the edges of the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 respectively, and the sealing member 10 is located between the first varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 .
  • the difference obtained by subtracting the surface tension of the slurry of the ion storage layer from the dyne value of the varnish layer is 0 mN/m, and the slurry of the ion storage layer and the varnish layer
  • the contact angle between ⁇ 40.1°.
  • the thickness of the silver wire is 0.5 ⁇ m, the width of the silver wire is 0.01 mm, the width of the varnish layer is 0.5 mm, and the thickness of the varnish layer is 1 ⁇ m.
  • the first varnish layer 91 is pre-arranged at the edge of the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the edge of the second transparent conductive layer 6
  • the second varnish layer 92 is preset at the place, so that when the ion storage layer 3 is coated on the first conductive layer, and the electrochromic layer 5 is coated on the second conductive layer, due to the effect of surface tension, the ion storage layer 3
  • the edges will almost completely shrink from the first varnish layer 91
  • the edges of the electrochromic layer 5 will almost completely shrink from the second varnish layer 92, so that the ion storage layer 3 hardly covers the first varnish layer 91, and
  • the electrochromic layer 5 hardly covers the second varnish layer 92, thereby reducing the difficulty of wiping, and accurately defining the boundary of the wiping area, avoiding the precision problem caused by wiping.
  • an electrochromic device is provided.
  • the electrochromic device includes a first transparent base layer 1 , a first transparent conductive layer 2 , an ion storage layer 3 , an ion
  • the transfer layer 4 , the electrochromic layer 5 , the second transparent conductive layer 6 and the second transparent base layer 7 , the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 are provided with silver wires 8 .
  • the edge regions of a transparent conductive layer 2 and a second transparent conductive layer 6 are respectively provided with a first varnish layer 91 and a second varnish layer 92, and a sealing member 10 around the sides of the electrochromic device, as shown in FIG.
  • the varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 are arranged side by side and in direct contact with the silver wires 8 on the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6, and the first varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 The edges of a transparent conductive layer 2 and a second transparent conductive layer 6 are flush, and the sealing member 10 is located between the first varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 .
  • the difference obtained by subtracting the surface tension of the paste of the ion storage layer from the dyne value of the varnish layer is -2 mN/m.
  • the thickness of the silver wire is 1 ⁇ m
  • the width of the silver wire is 0.5 mm
  • the width of the varnish layer is 1 mm
  • the thickness of the varnish layer is 5 ⁇ m.
  • the first varnish layer 91 is pre-arranged at the edge of the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the edge of the second transparent conductive layer 6
  • the second varnish layer 92 is preset at the place, so that when the ion storage layer 3 is coated on the first conductive layer, and the electrochromic layer 5 is coated on the second conductive layer, due to the effect of surface tension, the ion storage layer 3
  • the edge will shrink from the first varnish layer 91 to the inner boundary of the first varnish layer 91, and the edge of the electrochromic layer 5 will shrink from the second varnish layer 92 to the inner boundary of the second varnish layer 92, so that the ions
  • the storage layer 3 will not be coated on the first varnish layer 91, and the electrochromic layer 5 will not be coated on the second varnish layer 92, thereby eliminating the need to wipe the edges of the ion storage layer 3 and the electrochromic layer 5.
  • first varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 are arranged side by side and in direct contact with the silver wires 8 on the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6, it is also avoided that the varnish layer and the conductive wires are in contact with each other. Discoloration also occurs in the existing gap, resulting in an abrupt visual effect.
  • an electrochromic device is provided.
  • the electrochromic device includes a first transparent base layer 1 , a first transparent conductive layer 2 , an ion storage layer 3 , an ion
  • the transfer layer 4 , the electrochromic layer 5 , the second transparent conductive layer 6 and the second transparent base layer 7 , the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 are provided with silver wires 8 .
  • the edge regions of a transparent conductive layer 2 and a second transparent conductive layer 6 are respectively provided with a first varnish layer 91 and a second varnish layer 92, and a sealing member 10 around the sides of the electrochromic device, as shown in FIG.
  • the varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 respectively cover the conductive lines on the first conductive layer and the conductive lines on the second conductive layer, and the first varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 are respectively connected with the first conductive layer. flush with the edge of the second conductive layer, the sealing member is located between the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer.
  • the difference obtained by subtracting the surface tension of the slurry of the ion storage layer from the dyne value of the varnish layer is -2 mN/m, the slurry of the ion storage layer and the varnish layer
  • the contact angle between ⁇ 44.5°.
  • the thickness of the silver wire is 2 ⁇ m, the width of the silver wire is 1 mm, the width of the varnish layer is 3 mm, and the thickness of the varnish layer is 3 ⁇ m.
  • the electrochromic device of this embodiment can further reduce the peripheral side of the electrochromic device under the condition that the width of the sealant is equal by disposing the varnish layer on the conductive wire.
  • the area that cannot be discolored, that is, the area of the visible area of discoloration is increased.
  • the varnish layer can also protect the conductive wire to a certain extent and prevent the conductive wire from being oxidized.
  • an electrochromic device is provided. As shown in FIG. 5 , the electrochromic device includes a first transparent base layer 1 , a first transparent conductive layer 2 , an ion storage layer 3 , an ion The transfer layer 4 , the electrochromic layer 5 , the second transparent conductive layer 6 and the second transparent base layer 7 , the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 are provided with silver wires 8 .
  • a first varnish layer 91 and a second varnish layer 92 are respectively disposed on the edge regions of the transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6, and the sealing member 10 around the side of the electrochromic device, the sealing member 10 includes structural adhesive layer 11 and the sealant layer 12 on the outside of the structural adhesive layer, as shown in FIG. 5 , the first varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 respectively cover the conductive lines on the first conductive layer and the conductive wires on the second conductive layer.
  • the first varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 are flush with the edges of the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 respectively, and the seal 10 is located on the first varnish layer 91 and the second transparent conductive layer 6. between the second varnish layers 92 .
  • the difference obtained by subtracting the surface tension of the paste of the ion storage layer from the dyne value of the varnish layer is -2 mN/m.
  • the thickness of the silver wire is 2 ⁇ m, the width of the silver wire is 1 mm, the width of the varnish layer is 3 mm, and the thickness of the varnish layer is 3 ⁇ m.
  • the electrochromic device of this embodiment further improves the process production stability and the sealing effect of the electrochromic device by setting the structure of two layers of glue.
  • the structural adhesive has high viscosity and low fluidity.
  • the surface of the first varnish layer 91 or the surface of the second varnish layer 92 is firstly provided with structural adhesive.
  • the structural adhesive layer 11 plays the role of structural support for the electrochromic device and limits the setting range of the electrolyte; finally, a sealant layer 12 is formed on the outside of the structural adhesive layer 11.
  • the sealant has good water and oxygen barrier properties, which can further improve
  • the sealing effect of the electrochromic device can also reduce the requirements of the structural adhesive on the sealing performance, greatly improve the achievability of the process, and save costs.
  • an electrochromic device is provided. As shown in FIG. 6 , the electrochromic device includes a first transparent base layer 1 , a first transparent conductive layer 2 , an ion storage layer 3 , an ion The transfer layer 4 , the electrochromic layer 5 , the second transparent conductive layer 6 and the second transparent base layer 7 , the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 are provided with silver wires 8 .
  • a first varnish layer 91 and a second varnish layer 92 are respectively disposed on the edge regions of the transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6, and the sealing member 10 around the side of the electrochromic device, the sealing member 10 includes structural adhesive layer 11 and the sealant layer 12 located on the outside of the structural adhesive layer, as shown in FIG.
  • the first varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 are flush with the edges of the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 respectively, and the structural adhesive layer is located on the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer.
  • a part of the sealant layer is located between the first varnish layer and the second varnish layer, and the other part is filled into the gap.
  • the difference obtained by subtracting the surface tension of the paste of the ion storage layer from the dyne value of the varnish layer is -2 mN/m.
  • the thickness of the silver wire is 2 ⁇ m, the width of the silver wire is 1 mm, the width of the varnish layer is 3 mm, and the thickness of the varnish layer is 3 ⁇ m. .
  • the electrochromic device of this embodiment has the beneficial effects of Embodiment 5, and at the same time, by partially disposing the sealant layer 12 between the first varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92, and partially disposing the first transparent layer 12 Between the conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6, the contact area of the sealant layer 12 with the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer is increased, thereby further enhancing the sealing effect of the sealing member on the electrochromic device.
  • an electrochromic device is provided. As shown in FIG. 7 , the electrochromic device includes a first transparent base layer 1 , a first transparent conductive layer 2 , an ion storage layer 3 , an ion The transfer layer 4 , the electrochromic layer 5 , the second transparent conductive layer 6 and the second transparent base layer 7 , the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 are provided with silver wires 8 .
  • a first varnish layer 91 and a second varnish layer 92 are respectively disposed on the edge regions of the transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6, and the sealing member 10 around the side of the electrochromic device, the sealing member 10 includes structural adhesive layer 11 and the sealant layer 12 on the outside of the structural adhesive layer 11, as shown in FIG. 7, the first varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 cover the conductive lines on the first conductive layer and the On the conductive lines, the first varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 are flush with the edges of the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the second transparent conductive layer 6 respectively, and the sealant layer 12 is located on the first varnish layer.
  • 91 and the second varnish layer 92 a part of the structural adhesive layer 11 is located between the first varnish layer 91 and the second varnish layer 92 , and the other part is located at the edge of the ion transfer layer 4 .
  • the area corresponding to the electrochromic layer 5 forms a visible area
  • the area corresponding to the sealing member 10 forms an invisible area
  • the difference obtained by subtracting the surface tension of the paste of the ion storage layer from the dyne value of the varnish layer is -2 mN/m.
  • the thickness of the silver wire is 2 ⁇ m, the width of the silver wire is 1 mm, the width of the varnish layer is 3 mm, and the thickness of the varnish layer is 3 ⁇ m.
  • the electrochromic device of this embodiment further improves the process production stability and the sealing effect of the electrochromic device by providing a structure of two layers of glue.
  • the structural adhesive has high viscosity and low fluidity.
  • the surface of the first varnish layer 91 or the surface of the second varnish layer 92 is firstly provided with structural adhesive.
  • the structural adhesive layer 11 plays the role of structural support for the electrochromic device and limits the setting range of the electrolyte; finally, a sealant layer 12 is formed on the outside of the structural adhesive layer 11.
  • the sealant has good water and oxygen barrier properties, which can further improve the
  • the sealing effect of the electrochromic device can also reduce the requirement of the structural adhesive on the sealing performance, greatly improving the practicability of the process and saving the cost.
  • Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the first transparent base layer 1 is replaced with an opaque first base layer 1 .
  • Embodiment 1 The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the sealing member 10 is replaced with the inner structural adhesive layer 11 and the outer sealing adhesive layer 12 .
  • an electrochromic device is provided. As shown in FIG. 8 , the electrochromic device includes a first transparent base layer 1 , a first transparent conductive layer 2 , an ion storage layer 3 , an ion The transfer layer 4 , the electrochromic layer 5 , the second transparent conductive layer 6 and the second transparent base layer 7 , a first varnish layer 91 is provided on the edge region of the first transparent conductive layer 2 , and a first varnish layer 91 is provided on the edge region of the first transparent conductive layer 2 , The edge region of the layer 6 is provided with a second varnish layer 92 .
  • the difference obtained by subtracting the surface tension of the paste of the ion storage layer from the dyne value of the varnish layer is -2 mN/m.
  • the thickness of the silver wire is 2 ⁇ m, the width of the silver wire is 1 mm, the width of the varnish layer is 3 mm, and the thickness of the varnish layer is 3 ⁇ m.
  • the first varnish layer 91 is pre-arranged at the edge of the first transparent conductive layer 2 and the edge of the second transparent conductive layer 6
  • the second varnish layer 92 is preset at the place, so that when the ion storage layer 3 is coated on the first conductive layer, and the electrochromic layer 5 is coated on the second conductive layer, due to the effect of surface tension, the ion storage layer 3
  • the edge will shrink from the first varnish layer 91 to the inner boundary of the first varnish layer 91, and the edge of the electrochromic layer 5 will shrink from the second varnish layer 92 to the inner boundary of the second varnish layer 92, so that the ion
  • the storage layer 3 will not be coated on the first varnish layer 91, and the electrochromic layer 5 will not be coated on the second varnish layer 92, thereby eliminating the need to wipe the edges of the ion storage layer 3 and the electrochromic layer 5. steps to avoid a series of problems caused by wiping.
  • the present application illustrates the process method of the present application through the above-mentioned embodiments, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned process steps, which does not mean that the present application must rely on the above-mentioned process steps to implement.
  • Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvement to the application, the equivalent replacement of the selected raw materials in the application, the addition of auxiliary components, the selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the scope of protection and disclosure of the application.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种电致变色器件，所述电致变色器件包括依次层叠的第一基底层、第一导电层、固态变色层、第二导电层和第二基底层；在所述第一导电层的边缘区域和/或所述第二导电层的边缘区域设置有光油层，所述光油层的达因值减去固态变色层中与第一导电层或第二导电层接触的结构层的浆料的表面张力≤5mN/m。由于光油层的设置，使得在涂布固态变色层时，可以使得固态变色层的浆料无法附着在光油表面，从而直接省去擦拭的步骤，避免了擦拭带来的一系列问题；或者减小固态变色层在光油表面上的附着结合力，同时，光油的设置也限定了擦拭的边界，保证了擦拭的进度。

Description

一种电致变色器件 技术领域
本申请属于电致变色技术领域，涉及一种电致变色器件。
背景技术
电致变色器件的光学属性可以在外加电场的作用下发生稳定且可逆的颜色变化，其在汽车、建筑以及消费电子领域都有着非常广泛的应用。
现有技术中，一般在导电层上通过丝印预先将银浆汇流条设置在ITO上，然后在带有丝印银浆的导电层上涂布电致变色层和离子存储层，此时，需要通过擦拭去除ITO边缘处的电致变色层或离子存储层，再复合形成电致变色器件。然后在电致变色器件的周侧，去除掉电致变色层或离子存储层的表面设置密封件，以保证电致变色器件内部材料隔绝水氧。如果不擦拭直接复合，则密封件就会粘结在电致变色层或离子存储层上，而电致变色层或离子存储层的机械结构较差，很容易开裂，导致密封件容易剥落，则水汽容易从密封件剥落处进入器件内部，从而使得器件损坏。
然而，擦拭存在很多问题：(1)擦拭难度问题：为了保证电致变色薄膜的稳定性，要求电致变色层/离子存储层与ITO之间具有一定的结合力；但结合力越大，擦拭难度也就越大，例如，现有技术中的电致变色层/离子存储层一般很难擦拭干净；同时也增加了擦拭所消耗的时间，降低了产能。(2)擦拭精度问题：对于柔性基底(例如PET)，现有技术中，一般采用手工擦拭，因而很难保证擦拭区和非擦拭区的边界是笔直均匀的，存在严重的擦拭精度问题。
因此，在本领域，期望提供一种可以解决擦拭问题，又能够保证具有良好水汽阻隔作用的方法。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电致变色器件，本申请的电致变色器件无需进行擦拭或者减小了擦拭的难度，并且具有良好的水汽阻隔作用。
一方面，本申请提供一种电致变色器件，所述电致变色器件包括依次层叠的第一基底层、第一导电层、固态变色层、第二导电层和第二基底层；
在所述第一导电层的边缘区域和/或所述第二导电层的边缘区域设置有光油层，所述光油层的达因值减去固态变色层中与第一导电层或第二导电层接触的结构层的浆料的表面张力≤5mN/m(例如可以为5mN/m、4.5mN/m、4mN/m、3mN/m、2mN/m、1mN/m、0mN/m、-1mN/m、-2mN/m、-3mN/m等)。
在本申请中，所述固态变色层中与第一导电层或第二导电层接触的结构层主要是指固态变色层中离子存储层或电致变色层。电致变色层的浆料为将电致变色层的材料分散于溶剂中的混合形态；离子存储层的浆料为将离子存储层的材料分散于溶剂中的混合形态。
在本申请中，可以用作光油层的材料的例子包括：环氧丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酶丙烯酸树脂、聚酯丙烯酸树脂及其混合物等。
可以用作电致变色层的材料的例子包括但不限于：三氧化钨、聚癸基紫精及其衍生物、聚苯胺及其衍生物、电致变色共轭聚合物或含有受体单元的共聚物，所述电致变色共轭聚合物包括聚吡咯及其衍生物、聚噻吩及其衍生物、聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)及其衍生物、聚(丙烯二氧基噻吩)及其衍生物、聚呋喃及其衍生物、聚芴及其衍生物、聚咔唑及其衍生物及其共聚物中的一种或至少两种的组合，所述含有受体单元的共聚物包括苯并噻二唑、苯并硒二唑、苯并噁唑、苯并三唑、苯并咪唑、喹喔啉和吡咯并吡咯二酮中的一种或至少两种的组合。
可以用作分散电致变色层的材料的溶剂的例子包括但不限于：乙醇、异丙醇、二甲苯、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸、丙酮等及其混合物。
可以用作离子存储层的材料的例子包括：第IIIB、IVB、VB、VIB、VIIB、VIII、IB及IIB族中金属元素形成的可以在电化学反应时储蓄离子的氧化物或络合物中的一种或至少两种的组合；优选地，所述金属元素选自Ti、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Mn、Fe、Co、Ir、Ni、Cu和Zn；优选地，所述络合物选自普鲁士绿、普鲁士白、普鲁士棕、普鲁士蓝、KFeFe(CN) 6、FeNiHCF、FeHCF、NiHCF或XmYn{Fe(CN) 6}中的一种或至少两种的组合，其中X为Na +或K +，Y为Fe 3+、Co 3+、Ni +、Mn 2+、Zn 2+或Cu 2+。
可以用作分散离子存储层的材料的溶剂的例子包括但不限于：乙醇、异丙醇、二甲苯、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸、丙酮等及其混合物。
电致变色层或离子存储层的浆料的表面张力可以通过调节溶剂种类、改变电致变色层/离子存储层的固含量、添加纳米二氧化硅颗粒等本领域技术人员所 知晓的方式进行调节，本申请在此不做赘述。
在本申请中，通过在第一导电层和第二导电层的边缘区域设置光油层(其为固态结构层)，并保证光油的达因值与固态变色层中与第一导电层或第二导电层接触的结构层的浆料的表面张力的差值≤5mN/m，使得由于表面张力的作用，在涂布固态变色层时，可以使得固态变色层的浆料不会附着在光油表面，从而直接省去擦拭的步骤，避免了擦拭带来的一系列问题；或者减小固态变色层在光油表面上的附着结合力，同时，光油的设置也限定了擦拭的边界，保证了擦拭的精度。
优选地，所述边缘区域为距离所述第一导电层的外边缘或第二导电层的外边缘的距离小于10mm的区域，例如距离所述第一导电层的外边缘或第二导电层的外边缘的距离为9mm、8mm、7mm、6mm、5mm、4mm、3mm、2mm或1mm的区域。
优选地，所述光油的达因值减去固态变色层中与第一导电层或第二导电层接触的结构层的浆料的表面张力≤0mN/m。
优选地，所述固态变色层中与第一导电层或第二导电层接触的结构层的浆料与光油层之间的接触角θ≥30°，例如可以为30°、35°、38°、40°、45°、50°、55°等。优选地，所述固态变色层中与第一导电层或第二导电层接触的结构层的浆料与光油层之间的接触角θ≥40°。当θ≥30°时，固态变色层中与第一导电层或第二导电层接触的结构层的浆料(例如EC(电致变色层浆料)和/或CE(离子存储层浆料))在涂布时，能在光油上部分覆盖，但涂布结合效果不好，擦拭难度较小；当θ≥40°时，固态变色层中与第一导电层或第二导电层接触的结构层的浆料(例如EC和/或CE)略微覆盖小部分光油层或完全无法涂布在光油层上，这样就可以很容易地清理甚至直接省去擦拭的步骤。
优选地，所述第一导电层和第二导电层上设置有导电线。
优选地，所述光油层的宽度大于等于所述导电线的宽度，所述光油层的厚度为1μm-10μm；(例如1μm、2μm、3μm、4μm、5μm、6μm、7μm、8μm、9μm或10μm)。在本申请中，如果光油层的厚度过大，会影响器件制备时固态变色层涂布的效果，容易出现电致变色层或离子存储层难以将光油层的靠近电致变色层或离子存储层的一侧的边缘完全覆盖的问题，导致该边缘处的电致变色层或离子存储层缺失。
在本申请中，所述光油层的宽度是指光油层在沿第一导电层或第二导电层的长度方向上设置的长度。
优选地，所述导电线的厚度为1nm-10μm(例如1nm、3nm、5nm、10nm、30nm、50nm、100nm、300nm、500nm、800nm、1μm、2μm、3μm、4μm、5μm、6μm、7μm、8μm、9μm或10μm)，
所述基底层可以是一种透明基底，且为光学级透明材料，具体可以是柔性基底材料，包括聚酯薄膜(Polyester Film，PET)、环烯烃共聚物或三醋酸纤维素等；
所述导电层可以选用氧化铟锡(indium-tin oxide，ITO)、氧化锌铝(aluminum zinc oxide，AZO)、氟掺杂氧化锡(fluorine doped tin oxide，FTO)、银纳米线、石墨烯、碳纳米管、金属网格或银纳米颗粒等导电材料；
优选地，所述导电线可以选用导电银浆、导电铜浆、导电碳浆、纳米银导电油墨、铜箔、铜丝或导电胶膜等导电材料中任意一种或至少两种的组合；也可直接采用与导电层相同的材料，且导电线处的材料厚度更大，电阻更小，从而在保证导电功能的同时，由于材料本身是透明的，可以增加产品视觉上的一致性。
优选地，所述固态变色层包括依次层叠的离子存储层、离子转移层和电致变色层，所述离子存储层与第一导电层接触，所述电致变色层与第二导电层接触。
优选地，所述第一导电层的边缘区域和所述第二导电层的边缘区域分别设置有第一光油层和第二光油层，所述第一光油层与离子存储层接触，所述第二光油层与电致变色层接触。
优选地，所述离子存储层或电致变色层的浆料的表面张力为15-32mN/m，例如15mN/m、18mN/m、20mN/m、22mN/m、23mN/m、24mN/m、25mN/m、26mN/m、26.5mN/m、27mN/m、28mN/m、29mN/m、30mN/m、31mN/m或32mN/m。优选地，所述离子存储层或电致变色层的浆料的表面张力为20-32mN/m。
优选地，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线并排设置并直接接触，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与所述第一导电层和第二导电层的边缘平齐。
在本申请中，如果导电线和光油层之间存在间隙，则间隙区可以实现变色，而间隙区两侧的光油和导电线的区域无法变色，因此在变色过程中，间隙区的变色会十分突兀，因此为减弱这种突兀的视觉效果，可使导电线和光油直接相邻并接触设置。
优选地，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别覆盖在第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线上，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与所述第一导电层和第二导电层的边缘平齐。
或将光油层设置在导电线上，可以在密封胶宽度相等的情况下，减小无法变色的面积，即增大可视区的面积。同时，还能对导电线起一定的保护作用，防止导电线腐蚀。
在本申请中，光油层的宽度d小于25mm，以保证变色面积最大化。
优选地，所述电致变色器件还包括设置在所述电致变色器件侧面四周的密封件。
优选地，所述密封件为密封胶结构。
在本申请中，密封胶与光油层的粘结效果较好，从而可以确保对电致变色器件的有效密封，避免密封胶的脱落导致水氧进入电致变色器件的材料中，根据跌落实验测试标准，密封胶相对光油表面的界面拉拔力应大于2.0N/inch，优选地，密封胶相对光油表面的界面拉拔力应大于4.0N/inch。
在本申请中，光油可充当着一部分密封的作用，因此，在60℃90％RH的测试条件下，光油的水汽渗透率不大于15g/m 2/24H。
优选地，所述密封件包括结构胶层和位于结构胶层外侧的密封胶层。
优选地，所述结构胶层的粘度为300-500000mPa·s。
优选地，触变指数TI≥0.7，例如可以为0.7、1.0、1.5、1.8、2.0、2.2、2.4、2.8、3.0、3.5等。
优选地，在60℃90％RH的测试条件下，所述密封胶的水汽渗透率不大于15g/m 2/24H。
本申请中，可以用做密封胶层的材料的例子包括但不限于：聚环氧丙烯酸酯、聚环氧树脂、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、聚醚丙烯酸酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸树脂等，及其预聚物与活性稀释剂的混合物，所述活性稀释剂包括但不限于如(甲基)丙烯酸酯类、乙烯基类和乙烯基醚类等，其中，所述乙烯基类包括但 不限于苯乙烯，所述(甲基)丙烯酸酯类包括但不限于丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸异冰片酯等混合物。
可以用作结构胶层的材料的例子包括但不限于：聚环氧丙烯酸酯、聚环氧树脂、聚氨酯丙烯酸酯、聚醚丙烯酸酯、聚酯丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸树脂等，及其预聚物与活性稀释剂的混合物，所述活性稀释剂以多官能团为主，如(甲基)丙烯酸酯类、乙烯基类和乙烯基醚类等，其中，所述(甲基)丙烯酸酯类包括但不限于二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、已二醇二丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯等的混合物。同时，通过添加增粘剂，如纳米级气相二氧化硅、有机膨润土来进一步提高胶水的触变性。
优选地，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线并排设置并直接接触，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与所述第一导电层和第二导电层的边缘平齐，所述密封件位于第一光油层和第二光油层之间。
优选地，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别覆盖在第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线上，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与所述第一导电层和第二导电层的边缘平齐，所述密封件位于所述第一光油层和第二光油层之间。
进一步地，可以通过增大胶与第一导电层和第二导电层的接触面积，以增强二者的结合力。
优选地，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别覆盖在第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线上，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与所述第一导电层和第二导电层的边缘之间存在间隙，所述密封件包括结构胶层和位于结构胶层外侧的密封胶层，所述结构胶层位于所述第一光油层和第二光油层之间，所述密封胶层的一部分位于所述第一光油层和第二光油层之间，另一部分填充至所述间隙内。
优选地，所述固态变色层包括依次层叠的离子存储层、离子转移层和电致变色层，所述离子存储层与第一导电层接触，所述电致变色层与第二导电层接触，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别覆盖在第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线上，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与所述第一导电层和第二导电层的边缘平齐，所述密封件包括结构胶层和位于结构胶层外侧的密封胶 层，所述密封胶层位于所述第一光油层和第二光油层之间，所述结构胶的一部分位于所述第一光油层和所述第二光油层之间，另一部分位于离子转移层的边缘。
在本申请中，所述离子转移层优选为固态离子转移层。
在本申请中，由于该结构的电致变色器件需要在涂布电解质之前，预先将结构胶设置在ITO的边缘形成一个胶框的结构，然后在胶框内滴电解质，在真空下复合两层ITO，复合完毕后再固化电解质和胶框。因此该结构胶需要具有高粘度、低流动性的特点，以保证在点完结构胶一直到固化密封胶之前尽可能维持胶框的原形状，并且，还要求该结构胶具有一定的密封能力。因此，倘若只设置一个密封胶，对该密封胶的性能要求会十分苛刻。所以，通过设置两层胶的结构，其中，结构胶具有高粘度、低流动性，起到支撑作用；密封胶具有好的水氧阻隔性，起到密封作用。
优选地，所述第一基底层和第一导电层中至少有一者是透明结构层，所述第二导电层和第二基底层中至少有一者是透明结构层。
优选地，所述第一基底层、第一导电层、第二导电层和第二基底层均为透明结构层。
在本申请中，所述电致变色器件的制备过程如下，示例性地列举如下制备方法：
(1)在透明基底上形成透明导电层：在透明基底上通过磁控溅射法(或真空蒸发沉积、溶胶凝胶和化学气相沉积法等)形成透明导电层；
(2)在透明导电层上设置导电线和光油层：在透明导电层上通过网版丝印法形成银线；以及在透明导电层上通过丝印形成光油层；
(3)在透明导电层上涂布电致变色层：将500mg聚(3-己基噻吩)(P3HT)溶于10mL邻二甲苯中，磁力搅拌10h，之后将得到的溶液滴到镀在第二透明基底上的ITO层(第二透明导电层)上，旋涂，形成电致变色层；
(4)在透明导电层上涂布离子存储层：将500mg三氧化钨溶于20mL去离子水中，经过搅拌和过滤之后，将得到的溶液滴到镀在第一透明基底上的ITO层(第一透明导电层)上，旋涂，形成三氧化钨涂层，得到离子存储层；
(5)在离子存储层周围形成胶框：将UV固化的结构胶点在离子存储层上的光油处，形成一环形胶框；
(6)整个电致变色器件制备：在真空环境下，将质量百分数为20wt％的高氯酸锂、质量百分数为59.9wt％的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、20％碳酸丙烯酯和质量百分数为0.1wt％偶氮二异丁腈混合，滴在离子存储层上的框胶围成的区域内部；然后将上述电致变色材料层(连同第二基底层)覆盖在电解质涂层上，形成一个由两层基底和胶框共同围成的腔室；待电解质在压力作用下流平均匀填充满整个腔室，紫外固化使电解质形成全固态离子转移层的同时，固化结构胶形成结构胶层；以及
(7)形成密封胶层：在结构胶层外侧点胶，固化形成密封胶层。
相对于现有技术，本申请具有以下有益效果：
本申请的电致变色器件通过设置光油层，使得在制备过程中，无需对离子存储层和/或电致变色层进行擦拭或者减小了擦拭的难度，大大减少了人工支出，避免擦拭过程造成的产品不良，从而可以大大提高电致变色器件的量产性能，以及提高电致变色器件的产品良率；并进一步保证了电致变色器件具有良好的性能。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例1提供的电致变色器件的剖面结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例2提供的电致变色器件的剖面结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例3提供的电致变色器件的剖面结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例4提供的电致变色器件的剖面结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例5提供的电致变色器件的剖面结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例6提供的电致变色器件的剖面结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例7提供的电致变色器件的剖面结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例10提供的电致变色器件的剖面结构示意图；
其中1为第一透明基底层、2为第一透明导电层、3为离子存储层、4为离子转移层、5为电致变色层、6为第二透明导电层，7为第二透明基底层，8为银线，9为光油层，91为第一光油层，92为第二光油层，10为密封件，11为结构胶层，12为密封胶层。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本申请的技术方案。本领域技术人员 应该明了，所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本申请，不应视为对本申请的具体限制。
实施例1
在本实施例中，提供一种电致变色器件，如图1所示，所述电致变色器件包括依次层叠的第一透明基底层1、第一透明导电层2、离子存储层3、离子转移层4、电致变色层5、第二透明导电层6和第二透明基底层7，所述第一透明导电层和第二透明导电层上设置有银线8，在所述第一透明导电层的边缘区域设置有光油层9，以及电致变色器件侧面四周的密封件10，如图1所示，光油层9与第一透明导电层上的银线8并排设置，但是并不接触，二者间存在间隙，光油层9与第一透明导电层2的边缘平齐，所述密封件10位于光油层9和第二透明导电层7之间。
本实施例中提供的电致变色器件中，所述光油层达因值减去离子存储层的浆料的表面张力得到的差值为5mN/m，所述离子存储层的浆料与光油层之间的接触角θ＝30.2°。所述银线的厚度为10μm，银线的宽度为20mm，所述光油层的宽度为25mm，光油层的厚度为10μm。
该实施例的电致变色器件通过在涂布离子存储层之前，在第一透明导电层2的边缘处预先设置光油层9，使得在第一导电层上涂布离子存储层3时，由于表面张力的作用，离子存储层3在光油表面的附着力较低，使得离子存储层3虽然涂布到光油层9上，但是相较于未设置光油层的结构，擦拭难度显著降低，且准确地限定了擦拭区域的边界，避免了擦拭带来的精度问题。
为了说明光油层达因值减去离子存储层的浆料的表面张力得到的差值对于涂布效果的影响，在本实施例中选择不同的光油达因值、EC浆料/CE浆料表面张力和接触角θ进行了验证，结果如下表1所示：
表1
Figure PCTCN2021135902-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021135902-appb-000002
实施例2
在本实施例中，提供一种电致变色器件，如图2所示，所述电致变色器件包括依次层叠的第一透明基底层1、第一透明导电层2、离子存储层3、离子转移层4、电致变色层5、第二透明导电层6和第二透明基底层7，所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6上设置有银线8，在所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6的边缘区域分别设置有第一光油层91和第二光油层92，以及电致变色器件侧面四周的密封件10，如图2所示，第一光油层91和第二光油层92与第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6上的银线8并排设置，但是并不接触，二者间存在间隙，第一光油层91和第二光油层92分别与所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6的边缘平齐，所述密封件10位于所述第一光油层91和第二光油层92之间。
本实施例中提供的电致变色器件中，所述光油层达因值减去离子存储层的浆料的表面张力得到的差值为0mN/m，所述离子存储层的浆料与光油层之间的接触角θ＝40.1°。所述银线的厚度为0.5μm，银线的宽度为0.01mm，所述光油层的宽度为0.5mm，光油层的厚度为1μm。
该实施例的电致变色器件通过在涂布离子存储层3和电致变色层5之前，在第一透明导电层2边缘处预先设置第一光油层91和在第二透明导电层6的边缘处预先设置第二光油层92，使得在第一导电层上涂布离子存储层3，以及在第二导电层上涂布电致变色层5时，由于表面张力的作用，离子存储层3的边缘会从第一光油层91上几乎完全收缩，电致变色层5的边缘会从第二光油层92上几乎完全收缩，使得离子存储层3几乎不会覆盖到第一光油层91上，且电致变色层5几乎不会覆盖到第二光油层92上，从而降低了擦拭难度，且准确地限定了擦拭区域的边界，避免了擦拭带来的精度问题。
实施例3
在本实施例中，提供一种电致变色器件，如图3所示，所述电致变色器件包括依次层叠的第一透明基底层1、第一透明导电层2、离子存储层3、离子转移层4、电致变色层5、第二透明导电层6和第二透明基底层7，所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6上设置有银线8，在所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6的边缘区域分别设置有第一光油层91和第二光油层92，以及电致变色器件侧面四周的密封件10，如图3所示，第一光油层91和第二光油层92与第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6上的银线8并排设置并直接接触，第一光油层91和第二光油层92分别与所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6的边缘平齐，所述密封件10位于所述第一光油层91和第二光油层92之间。
本实施例中提供的电致变色器件中，所述光油层达因值减去离子存储层的浆料的表面张力得到的差值为-2mN/m，所述离子存储层的浆料与光油层之间的接触角θ＝44.5°。银线的厚度为1μm，银线的宽度为0.5mm，所述光油层的宽度为1mm，光油层的厚度为5μm。
该实施例的电致变色器件通过在涂布离子存储层3和电致变色层5之前，在第一透明导电层2边缘处预先设置第一光油层91和在第二透明导电层6的边缘处预先设置第二光油层92，使得在第一导电层上涂布离子存储层3，以及在第二导电层上涂布电致变色层5时，由于表面张力的作用，离子存储层3的边缘会从第一光油层91上收缩至第一光油层91的内侧边界处，电致变色层5的边缘会从第二光油层92上收缩至第二光油层92的内侧边界处，使得离子存储层3不会涂布到第一光油层91上，且电致变色层5不会涂布到第二光油层92上，从而省去擦拭离子存储层3和电致变色层5的边缘的步骤，避免了擦拭带 来的一系列问题。且由于第一光油层91和第二光油层92与第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6上的银线8并排设置并直接接触，也避免了由于光油层和导电线之间的存在的间隙也发生变色现象，而导致的突兀的视觉效果。
实施例4
在本实施例中，提供一种电致变色器件，如图4所示，所述电致变色器件包括依次层叠的第一透明基底层1、第一透明导电层2、离子存储层3、离子转移层4、电致变色层5、第二透明导电层6和第二透明基底层7，所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6上设置有银线8，在所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6的边缘区域分别设置有第一光油层91和第二光油层92，以及电致变色器件侧面四周的密封件10，如图4所示，第一光油层91和第二光油层92分别覆盖在第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线上，第一光油层91和第二光油层92分别与所述第一导电层和第二导电层的边缘平齐，所述密封件位于所述第一光油层和第二光油层之间。
本实施例中提供的电致变色器件中，所述光油层达因值减去离子存储层的浆料的表面张力得到的差值-2mN/m，所述离子存储层的浆料与光油层之间的接触角θ＝44.5°。银线的厚度为2μm，银线的宽度为1mm，所述光油层的宽度为3mm，光油层的厚度为3μm。
该实施例的电致变色器件在具有实施例3的有益效果的基础上，进一步通过将光油层设置在导电线上，可以在密封胶宽度相等的情况下，减小电致变色器件的周侧无法变色的面积，即增大变色可视区的面积。同时，光油层还能对导电线起一定的保护作用，防止导电线被氧化。
实施例5
在本实施例中，提供一种电致变色器件，如图5所示，所述电致变色器件包括依次层叠的第一透明基底层1、第一透明导电层2、离子存储层3、离子转移层4、电致变色层5、第二透明导电层6和第二透明基底层7，所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6上设置有银线8，在所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6的边缘区域分别设置有第一光油层91和第二光油层92，以及电致变色器件侧面四周的密封件10，所述密封件10包括结构胶层11和位于结构胶层外侧的密封胶层12，如图5所示，第一光油层91和第二光油层92分别覆盖在第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线上，第一光油层91和第二光 油层92分别与所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6的边缘平齐，所述密封件10位于所述第一光油层91和第二光油层92之间。
本实施例中提供的电致变色器件中，所述光油层达因值减去离子存储层的浆料的表面张力得到的差值为-2mN/m，所述离子存储层的浆料与光油层之间的接触角θ＝44.5°。银线的厚度为2μm，银线的宽度为1mm，所述光油层的宽度为3mm，光油层的厚度为3μm。
该实施例的电致变色器件在具有实施例4的有益效果的基础上，进一步通过设置两层胶的结构，提高了工艺生产稳定性和电致变色器件的密封效果。其中，结构胶具有高粘度、低流动性，在涂布了离子存储层3以及电致变色层5之后，先在第一光油层91表面或在第二光油层92表面设置由结构胶形成的结构胶层11，从而对电致变色器件起到结构支撑以及限定电解质设置范围的作用；最后再在结构胶层11外侧形成密封胶层12，密封胶具有好的水氧阻隔性，能够进一步提升电致变色器件的密封效果，同时可以降低结构胶对密封性能的要求，大大提高了工艺的可实现性，节约成本。
实施例6
在本实施例中，提供一种电致变色器件，如图6所示，所述电致变色器件包括依次层叠的第一透明基底层1、第一透明导电层2、离子存储层3、离子转移层4、电致变色层5、第二透明导电层6和第二透明基底层7，所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6上设置有银线8，在所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6的边缘区域分别设置有第一光油层91和第二光油层92，以及电致变色器件侧面四周的密封件10，所述密封件10包括结构胶层11和位于结构胶层外侧的密封胶层12，如图6所示，第一光油层91和第二光油层92分别覆盖在第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线上，第一光油层91和第二光油层92分别与所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6的边缘平齐，所述结构胶层位于所述第一光油层和第二光油层之间，所述密封胶层的一部分位于所述第一光油层和第二光油层之间，另一部分填充至所述间隙内。
本实施例中提供的电致变色器件中，所述光油层达因值减去离子存储层的浆料的表面张力得到的差值为-2mN/m，所述离子存储层的浆料与光油层之间的接触角θ＝44.5°。银线的厚度为2μm，银线的宽度为1mm，所述光油层的宽度为3mm，光油层的厚度为3μm。。
该实施例的电致变色器件在具有实施例5的有益效果的基础上，同时通过将密封胶层12部分设置在第一光油层91和第二光油层92之间，部分设置在第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6之间，增大密封胶层12与第一导电层和第二导电层的接触面积，从而进一步增强密封件对电致变色器件的密封效果。
实施例7
在本实施例中，提供一种电致变色器件，如图7所示，所述电致变色器件包括依次层叠的第一透明基底层1、第一透明导电层2、离子存储层3、离子转移层4、电致变色层5、第二透明导电层6和第二透明基底层7，所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6上设置有银线8，在所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6的边缘区域分别设置有第一光油层91和第二光油层92，以及电致变色器件侧面四周的密封件10，所述密封件10包括结构胶层11和位于结构胶层11外侧的密封胶层12，如图7所示，第一光油层91和第二光油层92分别覆盖在第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线上，第一光油层91和第二光油层92分别与所述第一透明导电层2和第二透明导电层6的边缘平齐，所述密封胶层12位于所述第一光油层91和第二光油层92之间，所述结构胶层11的一部分位于所述第一光油层91和所述第二光油层92之间，另一部分位于离子转移层4的边缘。
其中，如图7所示，沿着器件总长度方向，电致变色层5对应的区域形成可视区，密封件10对应的区域形成不可视区。
本实施例中提供的电致变色器件中，所述光油层达因值减去离子存储层的浆料的表面张力得到的差值为-2mN/m，所述离子存储层的浆料与光油层之间的接触角θ＝44.5°。银线的厚度为2μm，银线的宽度为1mm，所述光油层的宽度为3mm，光油层的厚度为3μm。
该实施例的电致变色器件在具有实施例4的有益效果的基础上，进一步通过设置两层胶的结构，提高了工艺生产稳定性和电致变色器件的密封效果。其中，结构胶具有高粘度、低流动性，在涂布了离子存储层3以及电致变色层5之后，先在第一光油层91表面或在第二光油层92表面设置由结构胶形成的结构胶层11，从而对电致变色器件起到结构支撑以及限定电解质设置范围的作用；最后再在结构胶层11外侧形成密封胶层12，密封胶具有好的水氧阻隔性，能够进一步提升电致变色器件的密封效果，同时可以降低结构胶对密封性能的要求， 大大提高了工艺的可实现性，节约成本。
实施例8
与实施例1不同之处是，将所述第一透明基底层1替换为不透明的第一基底层1。
实施例9
与实施例1不同之处是，将所述密封件10替换为内侧的结构胶层11和外侧的密封胶层12。
实施例10
在本实施例中，提供一种电致变色器件，如图8所示，所述电致变色器件包括依次层叠的第一透明基底层1、第一透明导电层2、离子存储层3、离子转移层4、电致变色层5、第二透明导电层6和第二透明基底层7，在所述第一透明导电层2的边缘区域设置有第一光油层91，在所述第二透明层6的边缘区域设置有第二光油层92。
本实施例中提供的电致变色器件中，所述光油层达因值减去离子存储层的浆料的表面张力得到的差值为-2mN/m，所述离子存储层的浆料与光油层之间的接触角θ＝44.5°。银线的厚度为2μm，银线的宽度为1mm，所述光油层的宽度为3mm，光油层的厚度为3μm。
该实施例的电致变色器件通过在涂布离子存储层3和电致变色层5之前，在第一透明导电层2边缘处预先设置第一光油层91和在第二透明导电层6的边缘处预先设置第二光油层92，使得在第一导电层上涂布离子存储层3，以及在第二导电层上涂布电致变色层5时，由于表面张力的作用，离子存储层3的边缘会从第一光油层91上收缩至第一光油层91的内侧边界处，电致变色层5的边缘会从第二光油层92上收缩至第二光油层92的内侧边界处，使得离子存储层3不会涂布到第一光油层91上，且电致变色层5不会涂布到第二光油层92上，从而省去擦拭离子存储层3和电致变色层5的边缘的步骤，避免了擦拭带来的一系列问题。
申请人声明，本申请通过上述实施例来说明本申请的工艺方法，但本申请并不局限于上述工艺步骤，即不意味着本申请必须依赖上述工艺步骤才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了，对本申请的任何改进，对本申请所选用原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等，均落在本申请的保护范 围和公开范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电致变色器件，其包括依次层叠的第一基底层、第一导电层、固态变色层、第二导电层和第二基底层；
    在所述第一导电层的边缘区域和/或所述第二导电层的边缘区域设置有光油层，所述光油层的达因值减去固态变色层中与第一导电层或第二导电层接触的结构层的浆料的表面张力≤5mN/m。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电致变色器件，其中，所述边缘区域为距离所述第一导电层的外边缘或第二导电层的外边缘的距离小于10mm的区域。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电致变色器件，其中，所述光油的达因值减去固态变色层中与第一导电层或第二导电层接触的结构层的浆料的表面张力≤0mN/m。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电致变色器件，其中，所述固态变色层中与第一导电层或第二导电层接触的结构层的浆料与光油层之间的接触角θ≥30°，优选θ≥40°。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电致变色器件，其中，所述第一导电层和第二导电层上设置有导电线；
    优选地，所述光油层的宽度大于等于所述导电线的宽度，所述光油层的厚度为1μm-10μm；
    优选地，所述光油层的宽度大于等于所述导电线的宽度并小于等于25mm；
    优选地，所述导电线的宽度为0.01mm-20mm；
    优选地，所述导电线的厚度为1nm-10μm；
    优选地，所述导电线的导电材料为银线、导电铜浆、导电碳浆、纳米银导电油墨、铜箔、铜丝或导电胶膜。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电致变色器件，其中，所述固态变色层包括依次层叠的离子存储层、离子转移层和电致变色层，所述离子存储层与第一导电层接触，所述电致变色层与第二导电层接触；
    优选地，所述第一导电层的边缘区域和所述第二导电层的边缘区域分别设置有第一光油层和第二光油层，所述第一光油层与离子存储层接触，所述第二光油层与电致变色层接触。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电致变色器件，其中，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线并排设置并直接接 触，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与所述第一导电层和第二导电层的边缘平齐；
    优选地，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别覆盖在第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线上，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与所述第一导电层和第二导电层的边缘平齐。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电致变色器件，其中，所述电致变色器件还包括设置在所述电致变色器件侧面四周的密封件；
    优选地，所述密封件为密封胶结构；
    优选地，所述密封件包括结构胶层和位于结构胶层外侧的密封胶层；
    优选地，所述结构胶层的粘度为300-500000mPa·s；
    优选地，所述结构胶层的触变指数TI≥0.7；
    优选地，在60℃90％RH的测试条件下，所述密封胶层的水汽渗透率不大于15g/m 2/24H；
    优选地，密封胶层相对光油表面的界面拉拔力大于2.0N/inch，优选地，密封胶层相对光油表面的界面拉拔力大于4.0N/inch。
  9. 根据权利要求6或7所述的电致变色器件，其中，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线并排设置并直接接触，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与所述第一透明导电层和第二透明导电层的边缘平齐，所述密封件位于第一光油层和第二光油层之间；
    优选地，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别覆盖在第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线上，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与所述第一导电层和第二导电层的边缘平齐，所述密封件位于所述第一光油层和第二光油层之间。
  10. 根据权利要求6或7所述的电致变色器件，其中，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别覆盖在第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线上，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与所述第一导电层和第二导电层的边缘之间存在间隙，所述密封件包括结构胶层和位于结构胶层外侧的密封胶层，所述结构胶层位于所述第一光油层和第二光油层之间，所述密封胶层的一部分位于所述第一光油层和第二光油层之间，另一部分填充至所述间隙内；
    优选地，所述固态变色层包括依次层叠的离子存储层、离子转移层和电致 变色层，所述离子存储层与第一导电层接触，所述电致变色层与第二导电层接触，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别覆盖在第一导电层上的导电线和第二导电层上的导电线上，所述第一光油层和第二光油层分别与所述第一导电层和第二导电层的边缘平齐，所述密封件包括结构胶层和位于结构胶层外侧的密封胶层，所述密封胶层位于所述第一光油层和第二光油层之间，所述结构胶的一部分位于所述第一光油层和所述第二光油层之间，另一部分位于离子转移层的边缘。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的电致变色器件，其中，所述第一基底层和第一导电层中至少有一者是透明结构层，所述第二导电层和第二基底层中至少有一者是透明结构层；
    优选地，所述第一基底层、第一导电层、第二导电层和第二基底层均为透明结构层。
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