WO2022126643A1 - 天线模块及基站设备 - Google Patents

天线模块及基站设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022126643A1
WO2022126643A1 PCT/CN2020/137742 CN2020137742W WO2022126643A1 WO 2022126643 A1 WO2022126643 A1 WO 2022126643A1 CN 2020137742 W CN2020137742 W CN 2020137742W WO 2022126643 A1 WO2022126643 A1 WO 2022126643A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna unit
resonant
phase adjustment
resonance
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PCT/CN2020/137742
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董文庆
龙科
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN202080105259.6A priority Critical patent/CN116097522A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/137742 priority patent/WO2022126643A1/zh
Publication of WO2022126643A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022126643A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna module and a base station device.
  • the number of antennas is large, the corresponding frequency bands and transceiver channels are large, and the antenna density is large, the spacing between antenna units cannot be guaranteed, and the mutual coupling is too strong, which makes the multi-antenna It is difficult to achieve the required isolation between them, and the circularity of the pattern is seriously deteriorated, which affects the performance of the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system.
  • MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna module and a base station device, which reduce the size of the antenna module while meeting the isolation requirement between antenna units.
  • an antenna module including: a first antenna unit, a second antenna unit, and a first connection structure, where the first connection structure is used to connect the first antenna unit and a first radio frequency circuit ; a second connection structure, the second connection structure is used to connect the second antenna unit and the second radio frequency circuit; the first resonance structure, the first resonance structure and the first connection structure are connected; the second resonance structure, the first resonance structure Two resonant structures are connected to the second connection structure, wherein the first resonant structure is connected to the second resonant structure, and the first resonant structure is used for coupling signals of the second resonant structure, wherein the first resonant structure is The signal coupled from the second resonant structure is used to cancel or attenuate the signal coupled from the second antenna element by the first antenna element; the second resonant structure is used to couple the signal of the first resonant structure, wherein the second resonant structure is from the first resonant structure
  • a signal coupled by the resonance structure is used to cancel or weaken the signal coupled by the second antenna unit from the first antenna unit; a first phase adjustment structure, one end of the first phase adjustment structure is connected to the first connection structure, the first phase adjustment structure The other end of the adjustment structure is connected with the first antenna unit; the second phase adjustment structure, one end of the second phase adjustment structure is connected with the second connection structure, and the other end is connected with the second antenna unit; wherein, the first phase The adjustment structure is used to adjust the signal coupled by the first antenna unit from the second antenna unit to obtain an adjusted first signal, the first signal and the signal coupled by the first resonant structure from the second resonant structure have a different phase or On the contrary; the second phase adjustment structure is used to adjust the signal coupled by the second antenna unit from the first antenna unit to obtain the adjusted second signal, the second signal and the second resonant structure are coupled from the first resonant structure
  • the phases of the signals are different or opposite.
  • the first signal and the signal coupled from the first resonance structure from the second resonance structure can cancel or weaken each other at the port of the first antenna unit, and the second signal can be coupled with the signal from the second resonance structure from the first resonance structure.
  • the ports of the second antenna unit cancel or weaken each other, thereby improving the isolation degree between the ports of the first antenna unit and the ports of the second antenna unit.
  • a resonant structure is arranged between the radio frequency circuit and the antenna unit to generate coupled signals on at least two resonant structures, and at the same time, the signal coupled from the antenna unit from other antenna units is adjusted by the phase adjustment unit, so that the adjustment
  • the resulting signal can cancel or weaken the coupled signal generated on the resonant structure, reducing the influence of the distance between the antennas on the antenna coupling, thereby improving the isolation between the antennas.
  • the requirement of high isolation between two antennas in close proximity reduces the influence of distance on the isolation between antenna units.
  • the electrical length ⁇ of the first phase adjustment structure and the second phase adjustment structure satisfies: Wherein, ⁇ is the phase corresponding to the transfer admittance between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit, and k is a positive integer.
  • the phase of the signal can be adjusted so that the adjusted signal is different from or opposite to the phase of the signal coupled by the resonant structure from other resonant structures, so that the adjusted signal is the same as the The signals coupled from the resonant structure from other resonant structures cancel or weaken each other at the ports, thereby improving the port isolation of the antenna.
  • it further includes: a first printed circuit board PCB, the first connection structure, the second connection structure, the first resonance structure, the second resonance structure, and the first phase adjustment structure , the second phase adjustment structure, the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are all arranged on the first surface of the first PCB. Therefore, the cross-sectional height of the antenna module is lower, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the device.
  • it further includes: a first printed circuit board PCB, the first connection structure, the second connection structure, the first resonance structure, the second resonance structure, and the first phase adjustment structure , and the second phase adjustment structure is arranged on the first surface of the first PCB, and the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are arranged close to the first surface of the first PCB; wherein, the first antenna unit passes through The first probe is electrically connected to the first PCB, and is connected to the first phase adjustment structure through the second probe; the second antenna unit is electrically connected to the first PCB through the third probe, and is connected to the first phase adjustment structure through the fourth probe A needle is connected to the second phase adjustment structure. Therefore, the antenna unit is connected to the first PCB through the probe, so as to realize signal transmission and grounding, and the structure is simple.
  • the method further includes: a second PCB, the second PCB is disposed close to the first surface of the first PCB, and the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are disposed on the second PCB. Therefore, by arranging the second PCB, the antenna unit can be directly molded on the second PCB, and the molding method is more flexible.
  • the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are both planar inverted-F antennas PIFA.
  • both the first resonance structure and the second resonance structure use microstrip lines. Therefore, the cross-sectional height of the microstrip line is low, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna module.
  • the first resonance structure and the second resonance structure are coupled and connected.
  • the first resonance structure and the second resonance structure form an interdigitated structure
  • the first resonance structure includes: a first coupling branch and a first ground branch
  • the second resonance structure includes: a first Two coupling branches and a second ground branch, the first coupling branch and the second coupling branch are coupled, and the first ground branch and the second ground branch are grounded; wherein, the length of the first resonance structure is: Wherein, ⁇ 2 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the second antenna unit; the length of the second resonant structure is equal to: Wherein, ⁇ 1 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the first antenna unit.
  • the resonance frequency of the first resonance unit is located in the working frequency band of the second antenna, and the first resonance unit can couple the signal of the second antenna unit from the second resonance unit, Signals coupled by the first resonant structure from the second resonant structure may be used to cancel or attenuate signals coupled by the first antenna element from the second antenna element.
  • the resonant frequency of the second resonant unit is located within the operating frequency band of the second antenna, the second resonant unit can couple the signal of the first antenna unit from the first resonant unit, and the signal coupled by the second resonant structure from the first resonant structure can For canceling or weakening the signal coupled from the first antenna element by the second antenna element, the isolation between the antenna elements is improved.
  • both the first resonant structure and the second resonant structure use a split resonant ring structure or a stepped impedance resonant structure, and the length of the first resonant structure is: Wherein, ⁇ 1 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit; the length of the second resonant structure is equal to: Wherein, ⁇ 2 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the first antenna unit.
  • the resonance frequency of the first resonance unit is located in the working frequency band of the second antenna, and the first resonance unit can couple the signal of the second antenna unit from the second resonance unit, Signals coupled by the first resonant structure from the second resonant structure may be used to cancel or attenuate signals coupled by the first antenna element from the second antenna element.
  • the resonant frequency of the second resonant unit is located within the operating frequency band of the second antenna, the second resonant unit can couple the signal of the first antenna unit from the first resonant unit, and the signal coupled by the second resonant structure from the first resonant structure can For canceling or weakening the signal coupled from the first antenna element by the second antenna element, the isolation between the antenna elements is improved.
  • the first resonance structure and the second resonance structure are connected, and the sum of the lengths of the first resonance structure and the second resonance structure satisfies: or Wherein, ⁇ is equal to the average value of the wavelength ⁇ 1 corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the first antenna unit and the wavelength ⁇ 2 corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the second antenna unit, and K is a positive integer.
  • the resonance frequency of the first resonance unit is located in the working frequency band of the second antenna, and the first resonance unit can couple the signal of the second antenna unit from the second resonance unit, Signals coupled by the first resonant structure from the second resonant structure may be used to cancel or attenuate signals coupled by the first antenna element from the second antenna element.
  • the resonant frequency of the second resonant unit is located within the operating frequency band of the second antenna, the second resonant unit can couple the signal of the first antenna unit from the first resonant unit, and the signal coupled by the second resonant structure from the first resonant structure can For cancelling or attenuating the signal coupled by the second antenna element from the first antenna element, the isolation between the antenna elements is improved.
  • both the first phase adjustment structure and the second phase adjustment structure use microstrip lines. Therefore, the cross-sectional height of the microstrip line is low, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the antenna module.
  • a base station device which includes a radio frequency circuit and a plurality of antenna modules as described above, where the radio frequency circuit and the antenna modules are electrically connected. Therefore, the base station equipment adopts the above-mentioned antenna module, which can reduce the influence of the distance on the isolation between the antenna units, realize the high-density layout of the antenna units, and facilitate the miniaturization of the equipment.
  • the base station device further includes: a carrier board, on which the antenna module is disposed.
  • the carrier board is made of metal.
  • 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station device
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another base station device
  • Fig. 3a is the top view of another kind of base station equipment
  • Figure 3b is a front view of another base station device
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4b is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4c is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4d is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4e is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4f is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 5a is a schematic structural diagram of a resonance structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5b is a schematic structural diagram of another resonance structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5c is a schematic structural diagram of another resonance structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5d is a schematic structural diagram of another resonance structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5e is a schematic structural diagram of another resonance structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6a is a top view of another antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6b is a perspective view of the antenna module in Figure 6a;
  • Fig. 7 is the radiation direction simulation diagram of the first antenna element and the second antenna element in Fig. 6a;
  • Fig. 8 is the S 21 parameter distribution diagram of the antenna module in Fig. 6a;
  • FIG. 9a is a top view of another antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9b is a perspective view of the antenna module in Figure 9a;
  • Fig. 10 is the radiation direction simulation diagram of the first antenna element and the second antenna element in Fig. 9a;
  • Fig. 11 is the S 21 parameter distribution diagram of the antenna module in Fig. 9a;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station device according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13a is a top view of another base station device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13b is a front view of another base station device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • orientation terms such as “upper” and “lower” are defined relative to the orientation in which the components in the drawings are schematically placed. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, and they are used for relative In the description and clarification of the drawings, it may change correspondingly according to the change of the orientation in which the components are placed in the drawings.
  • Electrical length refers to the ratio of the mechanical length (also known as physical length or geometric length) of the propagation medium and structure to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating on the medium and structure, multiplied by 2 ⁇ (radian) or 360°.
  • connection It can be understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction of components, and it can also be understood as the form of connection between different components in the circuit structure through a physical circuit such as PCB copper foil or wire that can transmit electrical signals. Among them, “connection” refers to the connection of mechanical structure and physical structure.
  • Coupling connection refers to the phenomenon that there is close cooperation and mutual influence between the input and output of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks, and energy is transmitted from one side to the other through interaction.
  • the signal/energy transmission is carried out by making two or more components conduct or communicate through the above “electrical connection” or “coupling connection”, which can be referred to as connecting.
  • Antenna Pattern also known as Radiation Pattern. It refers to the graph of the relative field strength (normalized modulus value) of the antenna radiation field changing with the direction at a certain distance from the antenna. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns in the maximum radiation direction of the antenna.
  • Antenna pattern roundness In the horizontal plane pattern, the out-of-roundness of the horizontal plane pattern of the antenna refers to the deviation of the maximum or minimum level value from the average value in the horizontal plane pattern.
  • the mean value refers to the arithmetic mean of the level (dB) value in the azimuth with the maximum interval not exceeding 5° in the horizontal plane pattern.
  • Antenna isolation refers to the ratio of the signal power transmitted by one antenna to the signal power received by another antenna.
  • Transfer admittance When the transfer admittance parameter is close to 0, it means that there is no energy transmission between the two antennas.
  • VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
  • Antenna return loss It can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port through the antenna circuit to the transmit power of the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the greater the signal radiated to the space through the antenna, and the greater the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated to the space through the antenna, and the smaller the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
  • the antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is usually a negative number.
  • S11 the smaller the return loss of the antenna and the greater the radiation efficiency of the antenna; the larger the parameter S11, the greater the return loss of the antenna and the smaller the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
  • the base station equipment includes: a carrier board 01 , an antenna module 001 and a radio frequency circuit (not shown in the figure).
  • the antenna module 001 and the radio frequency circuit are assembled on the carrier board 01 .
  • the radio frequency circuit is electrically connected to the antenna module 001 for receiving and sending electromagnetic signals to the antenna module 001 through the feeding point.
  • the antenna module 001 can radiate electromagnetic waves according to the received electromagnetic signals or send electromagnetic signals to the radio frequency circuit according to the received electromagnetic waves, so as to realize the sending and receiving of wireless signals.
  • the radio frequency circuit (Radio Frequency module, AF module) is a circuit that can transmit and/or receive radio frequency signals, such as a transceiver (transmitter and/or receiver, T/R).
  • the base station device may be an indoor base station device.
  • the antenna module 001 has an integrated transceiver, the isolation between the transceiver channels is 0dB, and the out-of-band suppression requirement of the duplexer is, for example, AdB. Among them, the antenna module 001 with integrated reception and transmission has poor isolation between the transmission and reception channels.
  • the duplexer consists of two sets of band-pass filters with different frequencies, which are used to improve the isolation between the transceiver channels, isolate the transmit and receive signals, and ensure that both receive and transmit can work normally at the same time.
  • the isolation between the transceiver channels is poor, the isolation required for out-of-band suppression of the duplexer is higher, and the requirements for the duplexer are higher.
  • the antenna module 001 includes: a receiving antenna 002 and a transmitting antenna 003, the receiving antenna 002 and the transmitting antenna 003 are separated, the isolation between the receiving and sending channels is, for example, 15dB, and the duplexer band Out-of-band rejection requirement (A-15) dB, in which the isolation between the transceiver channels is increased, which can reduce the out-of-band rejection requirement of the duplexer.
  • the receiving antenna 002 and the transmitting antenna 003 in FIG. 2 are separated by space, so a high-density layout cannot be realized.
  • the receiving antenna 002 and the transmitting antenna 003 occupy two antenna spaces, and the occupied space is large, which is not conducive to the small size of the equipment. change.
  • the receiving antenna 002 and the transmitting antenna 003 adopt a double-layer layout.
  • the size of the base station equipment is: 200 ⁇ 200 ⁇ (H+10 )mm 3 , where H is the height of the base station equipment in the single-layer layout, and H+10 is the height of the base station equipment in the single-layer layout, specifically: 0.25 ⁇ 0 *0.25 ⁇ 0 *0.1 ⁇ 0 , where ⁇ 0 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band of the receiving antenna 002 and the transmitting antenna 003 .
  • the cost of the base station equipment is increased.
  • the isolation is degraded by 3dB+, and the circularity of the lower-layer antenna pattern is degraded due to the influence of the upper-layer antenna.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna module 001 to reduce the influence of the distance on the isolation between the antenna units.
  • the antenna module 001 includes: a first antenna unit 100 , a second antenna unit 200 , a first connection structure 101 , a second connection structure 201 , a first isolation adjustment unit 1000 and a second isolation adjustment unit 2000 .
  • the first antenna unit 100 is, for example, a receive antenna
  • the second antenna unit 200 is, for example, a transmit antenna
  • the first antenna unit 100 is, for example, a transmit antenna
  • the second antenna unit 200 is, for example, a receive antenna.
  • the working frequency bands of the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 may be the same or different.
  • the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 are both antenna structures with integrated transceivers, and the working frequency bands of the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 are different.
  • the case where the first antenna unit 100 is the transmitting antenna and the second antenna unit 200 is the receiving antenna is used as an example for description.
  • the first connection structure 101 is used to connect the first antenna unit 100 and the first radio frequency circuit, and the first radio frequency circuit can send electromagnetic signals to the first antenna unit 100 through the feeding point, so that the first antenna unit 100 can Electromagnetic signals radiate electromagnetic waves.
  • the second connection structure 201 is used to connect the second antenna unit 200 and the second radio frequency circuit.
  • the second antenna unit 200 can receive electromagnetic waves and send electromagnetic signals to the second radio frequency circuit according to the received electromagnetic waves.
  • the first isolation adjustment unit 1000 includes: a first resonance structure 102 and a first phase adjustment structure 103 .
  • the first resonance structure 102 is connected to the first connection structure 101 .
  • One end of the first phase adjustment structure 103 is connected to the first connection structure 101 , and the other end of the first phase adjustment structure 103 is connected to the first antenna unit 100 .
  • the second isolation adjustment unit 2000 includes: a second resonance structure 202 and a second phase adjustment structure 203 .
  • the second resonant structure 202 is connected to the output end of the radio frequency circuit, and the second resonant structure 202 is connected to the first resonant structure 102 .
  • One end of the second phase adjustment structure 203 is connected to the second connection structure 201 , and the other end is connected to the second antenna unit 200 .
  • the first resonance structure 102 is connected to the second resonance structure 202, the first resonance structure 102 is used for coupling the signal of the second resonance structure 202, and the signal coupled from the second resonance structure 202 by the first resonance structure 102 is used for cancelling or The signal coupled by the first antenna element 100 from the second antenna element 200 is attenuated.
  • the second resonant structure 202 is used to couple the signal of the first resonant structure 102 , and the signal coupled by the second resonant structure 202 from the first resonant structure 102 is used to cancel or weaken the signal coupled by the second antenna unit 200 from the first antenna unit 100 .
  • the isolation adjustment unit can receive the signal output by the radio frequency circuit or received by the antenna array unit, and generate a signal coupled from at least one other resonance structure on one resonant structure, and the coupled signal is used to communicate with the antenna unit on the channel Signals coupled from other antenna elements act.
  • the first phase adjustment structure 103 is used to adjust the signal coupled by the first antenna unit 100 from the second antenna unit 200 to obtain the adjusted first signal, and the first signal is coupled to the first resonant structure 102 from the second resonant structure 202
  • the phases of the signals are different or opposite.
  • the first signal and the signal coupled from the first resonant structure 102 from the second resonant structure 202 can cancel or weaken each other at the port of the first antenna unit 100, thereby improving the port isolation of the antenna.
  • the second phase adjustment structure 203 is used to adjust the signal coupled by the second antenna unit 200 from the first antenna unit 100 to obtain the adjusted second signal, and the second signal is coupled to the second resonance structure 202 from the first resonance structure 102
  • the phases of the signals are different or opposite.
  • the second signal and the signal coupled from the first resonant structure 102 by the second resonant structure 202 can cancel or weaken each other at the port of the second antenna unit 200, thereby improving the port isolation of the antenna.
  • an isolation adjustment unit is added between the radio frequency circuit and the antenna unit to generate coupled signals on at least two resonant structures.
  • the coupled signal is adjusted, so that the adjusted signal can cancel or weaken the coupled signal generated on the resonant structure, reduce the influence of the distance between the antennas on the antenna coupling, and then improve the isolation between the antennas.
  • the requirement of high isolation between two antennas in close distance is realized, and the influence of distance on the isolation between antenna units is reduced.
  • This embodiment of the present application does not limit the feeding manner of the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 .
  • the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 adopt a direct feeding manner, wherein the first antenna unit 100 can pass the first phase adjustment structure 103 , the first The connection structure 101 is connected to the first radio frequency circuit, and the second antenna unit 200 can be connected to the second radio frequency circuit through the second phase adjustment structure 203 and the second connection structure 201 .
  • the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 are fed in a coupled manner, a preset distance is set between the first antenna unit 100 and the feeding end of the first phase adjustment structure 103, and the A preset distance is set between the two antenna units 200 and the feed end of the second phase adjustment structure 203, so that the first radio frequency circuit is coupled to feed the first antenna unit 100 through the first phase adjustment structure 101, and the second radio frequency circuit is coupled to feed the first antenna unit 100.
  • the circuit is coupled and fed to the second antenna unit 200 through the second phase adjustment structure 203 .
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the types of the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 .
  • the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 may be a planar inverted-F antenna PIFA, a monopole antenna, a coupled feed antenna, a dipole antenna, a microstrip patch antenna, and the like.
  • first resonant structure 102 and the second resonant structure 202 are not limited in the embodiments of the present application. In some embodiments of the present application, the first resonant structure 102 and the second resonant structure 202 both use: microstrip lines .
  • the first resonance structure 102 and the second resonance structure 202 are separated by a predetermined distance, and the first resonance structure 102 and the second resonance structure 202 are connected by means of coupling.
  • the first resonant structure 102 and the second resonant structure 202 form an interdigitated structure
  • the first resonant structure 102 includes: a first coupling branch 1021 and a first ground branch 1022 .
  • the two-resonance structure 202 includes: a second coupling branch 2021 and a second ground branch 2022 .
  • the first coupling branch 1021 and the second coupling branch 2021 are coupled, and the first grounding branch 1022 and the second grounding branch 2022 are grounded.
  • the first resonant structure 102 and the second resonant structure 202 are symmetrically arranged to form a symmetrical interdigitated structure.
  • the lengths of the first resonant structure 102 and the second resonant structure 202 are equal, for example, both are
  • ⁇ 0 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 .
  • the first resonant structure 102 and the second resonant structure 202 form an asymmetrical interdigitated structure.
  • the length of the first resonance structure 102 is:
  • ⁇ 1 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit 200 .
  • the length of the second resonant structure 202 is equal to: Wherein, ⁇ 2 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit 100 .
  • the first resonant structure 102 and the second resonant structure 202 adopt split resonant ring structures.
  • the length of the first resonant structure 102 is: Wherein, ⁇ 1 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit 200 .
  • the length of the second resonant structure 202 is equal to: Wherein, ⁇ 2 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit 100 .
  • the first resonance structure 102 and the second resonance structure 202 form a stepped impedance resonance (Stepped Impedance Resonator, SIR) structure.
  • SIR Stepd Impedance Resonator
  • the length of the first resonant structure 102 is: Wherein, ⁇ 1 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit 200 .
  • the length of the second resonant structure 202 is equal to: Wherein, ⁇ 2 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit 100 .
  • the first resonance structure 102 and the second resonance structure 202 are electrically connected.
  • the total length of the first resonant structure 102 and the second resonant structure 202 satisfies: or Among them, K is a positive integer.
  • ⁇ is equal to the average value of the wavelength ⁇ 1 corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit 100 and the wavelength ⁇ 2 corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit 200, and ⁇ satisfies the following formula:
  • the resonance frequency of the first resonance unit 102 is located in the working frequency band of the second antenna 200, and the first resonance unit 102 can be coupled from the second resonance unit 202 to the
  • the signals of the two antenna elements 200 the signals coupled by the first resonant structure 102 from the second resonant structure 202 can be used to cancel or attenuate the signals coupled by the first antenna element 100 from the second antenna element 200 .
  • the resonant frequency of the second resonant unit 202 is located within the operating frequency band of the second antenna 200 , the second resonant unit 202 can couple the signal of the first antenna unit 100 from the first resonant unit 102 , and the second resonant structure 202 can The signal coupled by the resonant structure 102 may be used to cancel or attenuate the signal coupled by the second antenna element 200 from the first antenna element 100 .
  • first phase adjustment structure 103 and the second phase adjustment structure 203 are both microstrip lines, and the microstrip lines are used to delay the phase.
  • the electrical length ⁇ of the first phase adjustment structure 103 and the second phase adjustment structure 203 satisfies:
  • ⁇ is the phase corresponding to the transfer admittance between the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit, and k is a positive integer.
  • the electrical length ⁇ of the first phase adjustment structure 103 and the second phase adjustment structure 203 may have errors, and the error range may be
  • the isolation degree S 21 between the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 is 0, and the isolation degree S 21 is 0. optimization.
  • the conversion relationship between the node admittance Y matrix (Node admittance matrix) of the antenna and the scattering parameter S matrix is as follows:
  • Y 11 is the input admittance of the first antenna unit port when the second antenna unit port is short-circuited.
  • Y 22 is the input admittance of the port of the second antenna unit when the port of the first antenna unit is short-circuited.
  • Y 12 is the transfer admittance from the second antenna unit port to the first antenna unit port when the first antenna unit port is short-circuited.
  • Y 21 is the transfer admittance from the first antenna unit port to the second antenna unit port when the second antenna unit port is short-circuited.
  • setting Y 21 to be zero can make the isolation degree S 21 between the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 equal to 0, so as to realize the optimization of the isolation degree.
  • the transfer admittance Y 21 between the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 satisfies the following formula:
  • ⁇ is the phase corresponding to the transfer admittance between the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 .
  • the electrical length ⁇ of the first phase adjustment structure 103 and the second phase adjustment structure 203 is shown in formula (1):
  • the phase of the signal can be adjusted so that the adjusted signal is different from or opposite to the phase of the signal coupled by the resonant structure from other resonant structures, so that the adjusted signal
  • the signal of the resonant structure and the signal coupled from the resonant structure from other resonant structures cancel or weaken each other at the port, thereby improving the port isolation of the antenna.
  • the matrix coupling cancellation method is to couple and cancel the signal at the connection node between the phase adjustment structure and the resonant structure, and has little influence on the signals on the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 .
  • the signal coupled from the first antenna unit 100 on the second antenna unit 200 still exists. Meanwhile, when the second antenna unit 200 is excited, on the first antenna unit 100 The signal coupled from the second antenna unit 200 still exists, has no obvious influence on the radiation characteristic of the antenna itself, and avoids the deterioration of the pattern.
  • the antenna module 001 further includes: a first printed circuit board PCB10 , and the first PCB 10 is disposed on the first surface of the carrier board 01 .
  • the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 use patch antennas.
  • the first connection structure 101, the second connection structure 201, the first resonance structure 102, the second resonance structure 202, the first phase adjustment structure 103, the second phase adjustment structure 203, the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 are all provided on the first surface of the first PCB 10 .
  • the first connection structure 101 , the second connection structure 201 , the first resonance structure 102 , the second resonance structure 202 , the first phase adjustment structure 103 , the The two-phase adjustment structure 203 is disposed on the first surface of the first PCB 10 , and the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 are disposed close to the first surface of the first PCB 10 .
  • the first antenna unit 100 is electrically connected to the first PCB 10 through the first probe 104, so that the first antenna unit 100 is grounded.
  • the first antenna unit 100 is connected to the first phase adjustment structure 103 through the second probe 105, so that the first antenna unit 100 can be connected to the first radio frequency circuit through the second probe 105 and the first phase adjustment structure 103 in sequence.
  • the second antenna unit 200 is electrically connected to the first PCB 10 through the third probe 204, so that the second antenna unit 200 is grounded.
  • the second antenna unit 200 is connected to the second phase adjustment structure 203 through the fourth probe 205, so that the second antenna unit 200 can be connected to the second radio frequency circuit through the fourth probe 205 and the second phase adjustment structure 203 in sequence.
  • the antenna module 001 further includes: a second PCB 20 , the second PCB 20 is disposed on the side of the first PCB 10 away from the carrier board 01 , and the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 are provided on the second PCB 20 .
  • the spacing between the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 is less than a quarter wavelength.
  • the quarter wavelength is a quarter of the larger value of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit 100 and the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit 200 .
  • the following different antenna units are taken as examples to simulate the performance of the antenna module 001.
  • the antenna module 001 includes: a first antenna unit 100 , a second antenna unit 200 , and a first printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB) 10 .
  • a first antenna unit 100 As shown in FIG. 6 a and FIG. 6 b , the antenna module 001 includes: a first antenna unit 100 , a second antenna unit 200 , and a first printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB) 10 .
  • PCB printed Circuit Board
  • the first PCB 10 is disposed on the carrier board 01 .
  • the first PCB 10 can be made of FR4 epoxy glass fiber board (epoxy board) with a thickness of 1.6mm.
  • the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 are disposed close to the first surface of the first PCB 10 .
  • both the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 have a bending structure, which can realize miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the antenna module 001 further includes: a first connection structure 101 , a second connection structure 201 , a first resonance structure 102 , a second resonance structure 202 , a first phase adjustment structure 103 and a second phase adjustment structure 203 .
  • the first connection structure 101 , the second connection structure 201 , the first resonance structure 102 , the second resonance structure 202 , the first phase adjustment structure 103 , and the second phase adjustment structure 203 all adopt the microstrip line structure, and are arranged in the first on the first surface of a PCB 10 .
  • the first resonant structure 102 and the second resonant structure 202 are separated by a preset distance, the first resonant structure 102 and the second resonant structure 202 are connected by means of coupling, and the first resonant structure 102 and the second resonant structure 202 are symmetrically arranged, Forms a symmetrical coping structure.
  • the antenna module 001 further includes: a first probe 104 , a second probe 105 , a third probe 204 and a fourth probe 205 .
  • the first antenna unit 100 is electrically connected to the first PCB 10 through the first probe 104, so that the first antenna unit 100 is grounded.
  • the first antenna unit 100 is connected to the first phase adjustment structure 103 through the second probe 105 .
  • the second antenna unit 200 is electrically connected to the first PCB 10 through the third probe 204, so that the second antenna unit 200 is grounded.
  • the second antenna unit 200 is connected to the second phase adjustment structure 203 through the fourth probe 205 .
  • the size of the antenna module 001 is, for example, 0.25 ⁇ 0 *0.25 ⁇ 0 *0.06 ⁇ 0 , where ⁇ 0 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band of the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 .
  • (a) in FIG. 7 is a simulation diagram of the radiation direction of the first antenna element in Example 1
  • (b) in FIG. 7 is a simulation diagram of the radiation direction of the second antenna element in Example 1.
  • FIG. 8 is a distribution diagram of the S 21 parameter of the antenna module in Example 1. As shown in FIG. 8 , within 10% of the standing wave bandwidth (0.9f 0 -1.1f 0 ), the isolation S 21 of the antenna module 001 is greater than 15dB. The wave performance is better.
  • Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 in Example 2 use Taiji dual antennas.
  • the antenna module 001 further includes: a second PCB 20, the second PCB 20 is arranged on the side of the first PCB 10 away from the carrier board 01, and the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 are arranged on the second on PCB20.
  • the second PCB 20 may adopt the same structure as the first PCB 10 .
  • the first antenna unit 100 is electrically connected to the first PCB 10 through the first probe 104, so that the first antenna unit 100 is grounded.
  • the first antenna unit 100 is connected to the first phase adjustment structure 103 through the second probe 105, so that the first antenna unit 100 can be connected to the first radio frequency circuit through the second probe 105 and the first phase adjustment structure 103 in sequence.
  • the second antenna unit 200 is electrically connected to the first PCB 10 through the third probe 204, so that the second antenna unit 200 is grounded.
  • the second antenna unit 200 is connected to the second phase adjustment structure 203 through the fourth probe 205, so that the second antenna unit 200 can be connected to the second radio frequency circuit through the fourth probe 205 and the second phase adjustment structure 203 in sequence.
  • the first antenna unit 100 is, for example, a receiving antenna
  • the second antenna unit 200 is, for example, a transmitting antenna
  • the antenna module 001 implements a design of separation of transceivers in a dual-antenna system.
  • the size of the antenna module 001 satisfies: 0.25 ⁇ 0 *0.25 ⁇ 0 *0.06 ⁇ 0 , where ⁇ 0 is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency bands of the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 .
  • FIG. 10 is a simulation diagram of radiation directions of the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit 200 in Example 2. As shown in FIG. The operating frequency of the first antenna unit 100 is located in the frequency band of 1.8GHz-1.88GHz, and the operating frequency of the second antenna unit 200 is located in the frequency band of 1.71GHz-1.77GHz.
  • FIG. 11 is a distribution diagram of the S 21 parameter of the antenna module in Example 2. As shown in FIG. 11 , in the 6% standing wave bandwidth ( 0.94f0-1.06f0 ), the isolation S21 of the antenna module 001 is greater than 20dB, the standing wave ratio of the antenna module 001 is less than 2.5, and the standing wave performance is good.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a base station device, as shown in FIG. 12 , including the above antenna module 001 , where the antenna module includes a first antenna unit 100 and a second antenna unit 200 .
  • Example 1 and Example 2 it can be seen that the circularity of the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 is good (within 6dB or slightly greater than 6dB), and the isolation between the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 is improved.
  • duplexer out-of-band rejection requirement A-15dB.
  • using the solution of the present application can reduce the out-of-band suppression requirement of the duplexer, which can be reduced by 15dB compared with the antenna with integrated transceiver shown in FIG. 1 . It can be used for the design of a duplex antenna that separates transmission and reception, and solves the difficult problem of out-of-band suppression design of the duplexer.
  • the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 200 in FIG. 12 only occupy the position space of one antenna, which is separated from the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna shown in FIG. 2 by space and needs to occupy two antenna spaces, which cannot be realized Compared with the high-density layout, the density of the antenna is increased, which can solve the problem of high-density antenna layout in the limited space of the module.
  • the solution of the present application can also reduce the insertion loss of the radio frequency line and the insertion loss of the duplexer, and the passive intermodulation gain of the antenna is also more than 15dB.
  • each corner of the carrier board 01 is provided with an antenna module 001 as above, and the base station equipment is provided with a total of 12 antennas. Set the same number of antennas.
  • the size of the base station equipment is (200 ⁇ 200 ⁇ H)mm 3 , where H is the height of the base station equipment with a single-layer antenna, compared with the height of the base station equipment with a double-layer antenna set in the above-mentioned embodiment, which is (H+10) , reducing the profile height and the size of the base station equipment, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the equipment.
  • the antenna module 001 can adopt the structure shown in Example 1.
  • the first antenna unit 100 and the second antenna unit 100 are arranged on the same layer, with a small distance, the isolation can reach more than 18dB, and the antenna pattern is not degraded.
  • the size of the antenna module 001 in the embodiment of the present application is only 0.25 ⁇ 0.25 ⁇ 0.06 ⁇ , which can be reduced by more than 70%, and is easier to integrate into indoor built-in multi-antenna Small base station equipment module, the size of the whole machine will not increase significantly due to the increase in the number of antennas, realizing the miniaturization of base station equipment, and easy integration, reducing the difficulty of processing, and improving the isolation between the transceiver channels and the roundness of the pattern. Better performance.
  • the base station equipment proposed in the embodiments of the present application can be used for layout optimization of a multi-antenna system, realizing high-density integrated design of more antennas, and occupying a smaller space with the same number of antennas.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种天线模块和基站设备, 该天线模块包括: 第一天线单元, 第二天线单元, 第一连接结构, 该第一连接结构连接该第一天线单元和第一射频电路; 第二连接结构, 该第二连接结构连接该第二天线单元和第二射频电路; 第一谐振结构, 该第一谐振结构和该第一连接结构连接; 第二谐振结构, 该第二谐振结构和该第二连接结构连接, 第一相位调节结构, 该第一相位调节结构的一端和该第一连接结构连接, 该第一相位调节结构的另一端和该第一天线单元连接; 第二相位调节结构, 该第二相位调节结构一端和该第二连接结构连接, 另一端和该第二天线单元连接; 该天线模块可以降低天线之间距离对天线耦合度的影响, 进而提高了天线之间的隔离度。

Description

天线模块及基站设备 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线模块及基站设备。
背景技术
随着通信系统的发展，用户对室内无线网络的需求日益增加，受室内空间的限制，只能布局尺寸较小的基站设备。
然而，在基站设备的小型化过程中，存在以下问题：天线数量多，对应的频段、收发通道较多，天线密度大，则天线单元之间间距无法保障，相互耦合过强，使得多天线之间的隔离度难以达到要求，方向图圆度恶化严重，影响多进多出(multiple input multiple output，MIMO)系统性能。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种天线模块及基站设备，在满足天线单元间隔离度要求的同时减小了天线模块的尺寸。
为达到上述目的，本申请实施例采用如下技术方案：
本申请实施例的第一方面，提供一种天线模块，包括：第一天线单元，第二天线单元，第一连接结构，该第一连接结构用于连接该第一天线单元和第一射频电路；第二连接结构，该第二连接结构用于连接该第二天线单元和第二射频电路；第一谐振结构，该第一谐振结构和该第一连接结构连接；第二谐振结构，该第二谐振结构和该第二连接结构连接，其中，该第一谐振结构与该第二谐振结构接通，该第一谐振结构用于耦合该第二谐振结构的信号，其中，该第一谐振结构从第二谐振结构耦合的信号用于抵消或者削弱第一天线单元从第二天线单元耦合的信号；该第二谐振结构用于耦合该第一谐振结构的信号，其中，第二谐振结构从第一谐振结构耦合的信号用于抵消或者削弱第二天线单元从第一天线单元耦合的信号；第一相位调节结构，该第一相位调节结构的一端和该第一连接结构连接，该第一相位调节结构的另一端和该第一天线单元连接；第二相位调节结构，该第二相位调节结构一端和该第二连接结构连接，另一端和该第二天线单元连接；其中，该第一相位调节结构用于对该第一天线单元从该第二天线单元耦合的信号进行调节，得到调节后的第一信号，第一信号与第一谐振结构从第二谐振结构耦合的信号的相位不同或相反；该第二相位调节结构用于对该第二天线单元从该第一天线单元耦合的信号进行调节，得到调节后的第二信号，第二信号与第二谐振结构从第一谐振结构耦合的信号的相位不同或相反。由此，第一信号可以和第一谐振结构从第二谐振结构耦合的信号在第一天线单元的端口处相互抵消或者削弱，第二信号可以和第二谐振结构从第一谐振结构耦合的信号在第二天线单元的端口处相互抵消或者削弱，从而提高了第一天线单元和第二天线单元的端口间的隔离度。该天线模块，通过在射频电路和天线单元之间设置谐振结构，以在至少两个谐振结构上产生耦合信号，同时，通过相位调节单元对天线单元从其他天线单元耦合的信号进行调节，使得调节后的信号可以抵消或者削弱与谐振结构上生成的耦合信号， 降低天线之间距离对天线耦合度的影响，进而提高了天线之间的隔离度，在保证天线辐射效率的同时，实现了距离很近的两个天线之间高隔离度的要求，减小了距离对天线单元间隔离度的影响。
一种可选的实现方式中，该第一相位调节结构和该第二相位调节结构的电长度θ满足：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000001
其中，φ为该第一天线单元和该第二天线单元之间的转移导纳对应的相位，k为正整数。通过调节该第一相位调节单元和第二相位调节单元的电长度，可以调节信号相位，使得调节后的信号与谐振结构从其他谐振结构耦合的信号的相位不同或相反，使得调节后的信号与谐振结构从其他谐振结构耦合的信号在端口处相互抵消或者削弱，从而提高了天线的端口隔离度。
一种可选的实现方式中，还包括：第一印制电路板PCB，该第一连接结构、该第二连接结构、该第一谐振结构、该第二谐振结构、该第一相位调节结构、该第二相位调节结构、该第一天线单元和该第二天线单元均设置在该第一PCB的第一表面上。由此，该天线模块剖面高度更低，有利于设备小型化。
一种可选的实现方式中，还包括：第一印制电路板PCB，该第一连接结构、该第二连接结构、该第一谐振结构、该第二谐振结构、该第一相位调节结构，以及该第二相位调节结构设置在该第一PCB的第一表面上，该第一天线单元和该第二天线单元靠近该第一PCB的第一表面设置；其中，该第一天线单元通过第一探针与该第一PCB电连接，并通过第二探针与该第一相位调节结构连接；该第二天线单元通过第三探针与该第一PCB电连接，并通过第四探针与该第二相位调节结构连接。由此，天线单元通过探针与第一PCB连接，实现信号传输和接地，结构简单。
一种可选的实现方式中，还包括：第二PCB，该第二PCB靠近该第一PCB的第一表面设置，该第一天线单元和该第二天线单元设置在该第二PCB上。由此，通过设置第二PCB，可以直接将天线单元成型在第二PCB上，成型方式更灵活。
一种可选的实现方式中，该第一天线单元和该第二天线单元均为平面倒F天线PIFA。
一种可选的实现方式中，该第一谐振结构和该第二谐振结构均采用微带线。由此，微带线剖面高度低，有利于天线模块小型化。
一种可选的实现方式中，该第一谐振结构和该第二谐振结构耦合连接。
一种可选的实现方式中，该第一谐振结构和该第二谐振结构组成交趾结构，所述第一谐振结构包括：第一耦合枝节和第一接地枝节，该第二谐振结构包括：第二耦合枝节和第二接地枝节，该第一耦合枝节和该第二耦合枝节耦合，该第一接地枝节和该第二接地枝节接地；其中，该第一谐振结构的长度为：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000002
其中，λ 2为第二天线单元的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长；该第二谐振结构的长度等于：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000003
其中，λ 1为第一天线单元的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。由此，当第一天线单元和第二天线单元工作时，第一谐振单元的谐振频率位于第二天线的工作频段内，第一谐振单元可以从第二谐振单元耦合第二天线单元的信号，第一谐振结构从第二谐振结构耦合的信号可以用于抵消或者削弱第一天线单元从第二天线单元耦合的信号。同样，第二谐振单元的谐振频率位于第二天线的工作频段内，第二谐振单元可以从第一谐振单元耦合第一天线单元的信号，且第二谐振结构从第一谐振结构耦合的信号可以用于抵消或 者削弱第二天线单元从第一天线单元耦合的信号，提高了天线单元之间的隔离度。
一种可选的实现方式中，该第一谐振结构和该第二谐振结构均采用开口谐振环结构或阶梯阻抗谐振结构，该第一谐振结构的长度为：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000004
其中，其中，λ 1为第二天线单元的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长；该第二谐振结构的长度等于：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000005
其中，λ 2为第一天线单元的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。由此，当第一天线单元和第二天线单元工作时，第一谐振单元的谐振频率位于第二天线的工作频段内，第一谐振单元可以从第二谐振单元耦合第二天线单元的信号，第一谐振结构从第二谐振结构耦合的信号可以用于抵消或者削弱第一天线单元从第二天线单元耦合的信号。同样，第二谐振单元的谐振频率位于第二天线的工作频段内，第二谐振单元可以从第一谐振单元耦合第一天线单元的信号，且第二谐振结构从第一谐振结构耦合的信号可以用于抵消或者削弱第二天线单元从第一天线单元耦合的信号，提高了天线单元之间的隔离度。
一种可选的实现方式中，该第一谐振结构和该第二谐振结构连接，该第一谐振结构和该第二谐振结构的长度之和满足：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000006
或
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000007
其中，λ等于第一天线单元的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长λ 1和第二天线单元的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长λ 2的平均值，K为正整数。由此，当第一天线单元和第二天线单元工作时，第一谐振单元的谐振频率位于第二天线的工作频段内，第一谐振单元可以从第二谐振单元耦合第二天线单元的信号，第一谐振结构从第二谐振结构耦合的信号可以用于抵消或者削弱第一天线单元从第二天线单元耦合的信号。同样，第二谐振单元的谐振频率位于第二天线的工作频段内，第二谐振单元可以从第一谐振单元耦合第一天线单元的信号，且第二谐振结构从第一谐振结构耦合的信号可以用于抵消或者削弱第二天线单元从第一天线单元耦合的信号，提高了天线单元之间的隔离度。
一种可选的实现方式中，该第一相位调节结构和该第二相位调节结构均采用微带线。由此，微带线剖面高度低，有利于天线模块小型化。
本申请实施例的第二方面，提供一种基站设备，包括射频电路和多个如上所述的天线模块，该射频电路和该天线模块电连接。由此，该基站设备采用上述天线模块，可以减小距离对天线单元间隔离度的影响，实现天线单元的高密布局，有利于设备的小型化。
一种可选的实现方式中，该基站设备还包括：承载板，该天线模块设置在该承载板上。
一种可选的实现方式中，该承载板采用金属材质。
附图说明
图1为一种基站设备的结构示意图；
图2为另一种基站设备的结构示意图；
图3a为另一种基站设备的俯视图；
图3b为另一种基站设备的主视图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种天线模块的结构示意图；
图4a为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模块的结构示意图；
图4b为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模块的结构示意图；
图4c为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模块的结构示意图；
图4d为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模块的结构示意图；
图4e为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模块的结构示意图；
图4f为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模块的结构示意图；
图5a为本申请实施例提供的一种谐振结构的结构示意图；
图5b为本申请实施例提供的另一种谐振结构的结构示意图；
图5c为本申请实施例提供的另一种谐振结构的结构示意图；
图5d为本申请实施例提供的另一种谐振结构的结构示意图；
图5e为本申请实施例提供的另一种谐振结构的结构示意图；
图6a为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模块的俯视图；
图6b为图6a中天线模块的立体视图；
图7为图6a中第一天线单元和第二天线单元的辐射方向仿真图；
图8为图6a中天线模块的S 21参数分布图；
图9a为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模块的俯视图；
图9b为图9a中天线模块的立体视图；
图10为图9a中第一天线单元和第二天线单元的辐射方向仿真图；
图11为图9a中天线模块的S 21参数分布图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种基站设备的结构示意图；
图13a为本申请实施例提供的另一种基站设备的俯视图；
图13b为本申请实施例提供的另一种基站设备的主视图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
以下，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
此外，本申请中，“上”、“下”等方位术语是相对于附图中的部件示意置放的方位来定义的，应当理解到，这些方向性术语是相对的概念，它们用于相对于的描述和澄清，其可以根据附图中部件所放置的方位的变化而相应地发生变化。
以下，对本申请实施例可能出现的术语进行解释。
电长度(electrical length)，是指传播媒质和结构的机械长度(也可称物理长度或几何长度)与该媒质和结构上传播电磁波的波长比值，乘以2π(弧度)或者360°。
电连接：可理解为元器件物理接触并电导通，也可理解为线路构造中不同元器件之间通过PCB铜箔或导线等可传输电信号的实体线路进行连接的形式。其中，“连接”则是指的机械构造，物理构造的连接。
耦合连接：指两个或两个以上的电路元件或电网络的输入与输出之间存在紧密配合与相互影响，并通过相互作用从一侧向另一侧传输能量的现象。
接通：通过以上“电连接”或“耦合连接”的方式使得两个或两个以上的元器件之间导通或连通来进行信号/能量传输，都可称为接通。
天线方向图：也称辐射方向图。是指在离天线一定距离处，天线辐射场的相对场强(归一化模值)随方向变化的图形，通常采用通过天线最大辐射方向上的两个相互垂直的平面方向图来表示。
方向图圆度(antenna pattern roundness)：在水平面方向图中，天线的水平面方向图不圆度是指在水平面方向图中，其最大值或最小值电平值与平均值的偏差。其中，平均值是指水平面方向图中最大间隔不超过5°方位上电平(dB)值的算术平均值。
天线隔离度：是指一个天线发射的信号与另一个天线所接收的信号功率的比值。
转移导纳(Transfer admittance)：转移导纳参数接近于0时，说明两个天线之间没有能量传输。
驻波比(Voltage Standing Wave Ratio，VSWR)指驻波波腹电压与波谷电压幅度之比，又称为驻波系数、驻波比。驻波比等于1时，表示馈线和天线的阻抗完全匹配，此时高频能量全部被天线辐射出去，没有能量的反射损耗；驻波比为无穷大时，表示全反射，能量完全没有辐射出去。
天线回波损耗：可以理解为经过天线电路反射回天线端口的信号功率与天线端口发射功率的比值。反射回来的信号越小，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越大，天线的辐射效率越大。反射回来的信号越大，说明通过天线向空间辐射出去的信号越小，天线的辐射效率越小。
天线回波损耗可以用S11参数来表示，S11参数通常为负数。S11参数越小，表示天线回波损耗越小，天线的辐射效率越大；S11参数越大，表示天线回波损耗越大，天线的辐射效率越小。
本申请实施例提供一种基站设备。如图1、图2所示，该基站设备包括：承载板01、天线模块001和射频电路(图中未示出)。该天线模块001和射频电路均装配于承载板01上。射频电路与天线模块001电连接，用以通过馈电点向天线模块001收发电磁信号。天线模块001可以根据接收的电磁信号辐射电磁波或根据接收的电磁波向射频电路发送电磁信号，从而实现无线信号的收发。其中，射频电路(Radio Frequency module，AF module)为收发器(transmitter and/or receiver，T/R)等可以发射和/或接收射频信号的电路。
需要说明的是，该基站设备可以是室内基站设备。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，该天线模块001收发一体，收发通道间的隔离度为0dB，双工器(Duplexer)带外抑制要求例如为AdB。其中，接收和发射一体的天线模块001，收发通道之间的隔离度较差。
需要说明的是，双工器由两组不同频率的带通滤波器组成，用于提高收发通道间的隔离度，将发射和接收讯号相隔离，保证接收和发射都能同时正常工作。当收发通道间的隔离度较差时，双工器带外抑制要求的隔离度较高，对双工器要求较高。
在另一些实施例中，如图2所示，该天线模块001包括：接收天线002和发射天线003，接收天线002和发射天线003分离，收发通道间的隔离度例如为15dB，双 工器带外抑制要求(A-15)dB，其中，收发通道间的隔离度增大，可以降低双工器带外抑制要求。
然而，为了满足隔离度要求，图2中接收天线002和发射天线003通过空间隔离，无法实现高密布局，接收天线002和发射天线003要占据两个天线空间，占用空间大，不利于设备的小型化。
在一些实施例中，如图3a、图3b所示，为了节省空间，接收天线002和发射天线003采用双层布局，天线数量为12时，基站设备尺寸为：200×200×(H+10)mm 3，其中，H为单层布局时的基站设备高度，H+10为单层布局时的基站设备高度，具体可以是：0.25λ 0*0.25λ 0*0.1λ 0，其中，λ 0为接收天线002和发射天线003的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。
与单层布局的基站设备相比，增加了基站设备的成本，同时，由于天线单元间距过近，隔离度恶化3dB+，并且受上层天线影响，下层天线方向图圆度恶化。
根据上述，距离对天线单元间的隔离度影响较大，为此，本申请实施例提供一种天线模块001，以减小距离对天线单元之间隔离度的影响。
如图4所示，该天线模块001包括：第一天线单元100，第二天线单元200，第一连接结构101、第二连接结构201、第一隔离调节单元1000和第二隔离调节单元2000。
在一些实施例中，第一天线单元100例如为接收天线，第二天线单元200例如为发射天线，或者，第一天线单元100例如为发射天线，第二天线单元200例如为接收天线。第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200的工作频段可以相同，也可以不同。
在另一些实施例中，第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200均为收发一体的天线结构，第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200的工作频段不同。
本申请以第一天线单元100为发射天线，第二天线单元200为接收天线的情况为例进行说明。
其中，第一连接结构101用于连接第一天线单元100和第一射频电路，第一射频电路可以通过馈电点向第一天线单元100发送电磁信号，使得第一天线单元100可以根据接收的电磁信号辐射电磁波。
第二连接结构201用于连接第二天线单元200和第二射频电路，第二天线单元200例如可以接收电磁波，并根据接收的电磁波向第二射频电路发送电磁信号。
第一隔离调节单元1000包括：第一谐振结构102和第一相位调节结构103。
其中，第一谐振结构102和第一连接结构101连接。
第一相位调节结构103的一端和第一连接结构101连接，第一相位调节结构103的另一端和第一天线单元100连接。
第二隔离调节单元2000包括：第二谐振结构202和第二相位调节结构203。
第二谐振结构202和射频电路的输出端连接，且第二谐振结构202和第一谐振结构102接通。
第二相位调节结构203一端和第二连接结构201连接，另一端和第二天线单元200连接。
其中，第一谐振结构102与第二谐振结构202接通，第一谐振结构102用于耦合 第二谐振结构202的信号，第一谐振结构102从第二谐振结构202耦合的信号用于抵消或者削弱第一天线单元100从第二天线单元200耦合的信号。
第二谐振结构202用于耦合第一谐振结构102的信号，第二谐振结构202从第一谐振结构102耦合的信号用于抵消或者削弱第二天线单元200从第一天线单元100耦合的信号。
由此，隔离调节单元可以接收射频电路输出的或者天线阵列单元接收的信号，并在一个谐振结构上产生一个从至少一个其他谐振结构耦合的信号，该耦合的信号用于与该通道上天线单元从其他天线单元耦合的信号进行作用。
第一相位调节结构103用于对第一天线单元100从第二天线单元200耦合的信号进行调节，得到调节后的第一信号，第一信号与第一谐振结构102从第二谐振结构202耦合的信号的相位不同或相反。
由此，第一信号可以和第一谐振结构102从第二谐振结构202耦合的信号在第一天线单元100的端口处相互抵消或者削弱，从而提高了天线的端口隔离度。
第二相位调节结构203用于对第二天线单元200从第一天线单元100耦合的信号进行调节，得到调节后的第二信号，第二信号与第二谐振结构202从第一谐振结构102耦合的信号的相位不同或相反。
由此，第二信号可以和第二谐振结构202从第一谐振结构102耦合的信号在第二天线单元200的端口处相互抵消或者削弱，从而提高了天线的端口隔离度。
本申请实施例提供的天线模块001，通过在射频电路和天线单元之间增加一个隔离调节单元，以在至少两个谐振结构上产生耦合信号，同时，通过相位调节单元对天线单元从其他天线单元耦合的信号进行调节，使得调节后的信号可以抵消或者削弱与谐振结构上生成的耦合信号，降低天线之间距离对天线耦合度的影响，进而提高了天线之间的隔离度，在保证天线辐射效率的同时，实现了距离很近的两个天线之间高隔离度的要求，减小了距离对天线单元间隔离度的影响。
本申请实施例对第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200的馈电方式不做限制。在本申请一些实施例中，如图4所示，第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200采用直接馈电的方式，其中，第一天线单元100可以通过第一相位调节结构103、第一连接结构101与第一射频电路连接，第二天线单元200可以通过第二相位调节结构203、第二连接结构201与第二射频电路连接。
如图4a所示，第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200采用耦合的方式馈电，第一天线单元100与第一相位调节结构103的馈电端之间设有预设距离，且第二天线单元200与第二相位调节结构203的馈电端之间设有预设距离，使得第一射频电路通过第一相位调节结构101向第一天线单元100耦合馈电，并使得第二射频电路通过第二相位调节结构203向第二天线单元200耦合馈电。
本申请实施例对该第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200的类型不做限定。如图4b-图4f所示，第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200可以是平面倒F天线PIFA、单极子天线、耦合馈电天线、偶极子天线、微带贴片天线等。
本申请实施例对该第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202的具体结构不做限制，在本申请一些实施例中，该第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202均采用：微带线。
在本申请一些实施例中，第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202之间间隔预设距离，第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202通过耦合的方式接通。
在一些实施例中，如图5a、图5b所示，第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202组成交趾结构，第一谐振结构102包括：第一耦合枝节1021和第一接地枝节1022，第二谐振结构202包括：第二耦合枝节2021和第二接地枝节2022。其中，第一耦合枝节1021和第二耦合枝节2021耦合，第一接地枝节1022和第二接地枝节2022接地。
如图5a所示，当第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200的工作频段相同时，第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202对称设置，组成对称的交趾结构。
此时，第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202的长度相等，例如均为
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000008
其中，λ 0为第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。
如图5b所示，第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202组成非对称交趾结构。
此时，第一谐振结构102的长度为：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000009
其中，λ 1为第二天线单元200的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。
第二谐振结构202的长度等于：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000010
其中，λ 2为第一天线单元100的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。
在本申请另一些实施例中，如图5c所示，第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202采用开口谐振环结构。
第一谐振结构102的长度为：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000011
其中，其中，λ 1为第二天线单元200的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。
第二谐振结构202的的长度等于：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000012
其中，λ 2为第一天线单元100的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。
在本申请另一些实施例中，如图5d所示，第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202组成阶梯阻抗谐振(Stepped Impedance Resonator，SIR)结构。
第一谐振结构102的长度为：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000013
其中，其中，λ 1为第二天线单元200的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。
第二谐振结构202的的长度等于：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000014
其中，λ 2为第一天线单元100的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。
在本申请另一些实施例中，如图5e所示，第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202电连接。
第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202的总长度满足：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000015
或
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000016
其中，K为正整数。
λ等于第一天线单元100的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长λ 1和第二天线单元200的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长λ 2的平均值，λ满足以下公式：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000017
基于上述，当第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200工作时，第一谐振单元102的谐振频率位于第二天线200的工作频段内，第一谐振单元102可以从第二谐振单元202耦合第二天线单元200的信号，第一谐振结构102从第二谐振结构202耦合的信号可以用于抵消或者削弱第一天线单元100从第二天线单元200耦合的信号。
同样，第二谐振单元202的谐振频率位于第二天线200的工作频段内，第二谐振单元202可以从第一谐振单元102耦合第一天线单元100的信号，且第二谐振结构202从第一谐振结构102耦合的信号可以用于抵消或者削弱第二天线单元200从第一天线单元100耦合的信号。
需要说明的是，上述第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202的长度可以存在误差，误差范围可以是
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000018
本申请实施例对第一相位调节结构103和第二相位调节结构203的具体结构不做限制。在本申请一些实施例中，第一相位调节结构103和第二相位调节结构203均为微带线，该微带线用于延迟相位。
其中，第一相位调节结构103和第二相位调节结构203的电长度θ满足：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000019
其中，φ为第一天线单元和第二天线单元之间的转移导纳对应的相位，k为正整数。
需要说明的是，第一相位调节结构103和第二相位调节结构203的电长度θ可以存在误差，误差范围可以是
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000020
当第一相位调节结构103和第二相位调节结构203的电长度θ满足公式(1)时，第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200之间的隔离度S 21为0，实现隔离度的优化。
该公式推导过程如下：
其中，天线的节点导纳Y矩阵(Node admittance matrix)和散射参数S矩阵的转换关系如下公式：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000021
其中
Y 11为第二天线单元端口短路时，第一天线单元端口的输入导纳。
Y 22为第一天线单元端口短路时，第二天线单元端口的输入导纳。
Y 12为第一天线单元端口短路时，第二天线单元端口至第一天线单元端口的转移 导纳。
Y 21为第二天线单元端口短路时，第一天线单元端口至第二天线单元端口的转移导纳。
S 11：第二天线单元端口匹配时，第一天线单元端口的反射系数，也即回波损耗。
S 22：第一天线单元端口匹配时，第二天线单元端口的反射系数，也即回波损耗。
S 21：第二天线单元端口匹配时，第一天线单元端口到第二天线单元端口的正向传输系数。
根据如上公式可知，令Y 21为零，可以使得第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200之间的隔离度S 21等于0，实现隔离度的优化。
此时，第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200之间的转移导纳Y 21满足如下公式：
Y 21＝|Y 21|e jφ   公式(3)
其中，Y 21为第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200之间的转移导纳，由实数部分(电导G)和虚数部分(电纳B)组成：Y＝G+jB。
φ为第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200之间的转移导纳对应的相位。
令相位调节结构的长度为θ，则有：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000022
其中，Y′ 21满足：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000023
若要使得
re(Y′ 21)＝0     公式(6)
则有：
φ-2θ＝π/2±kπ   公式(7)
第一相位调节结构103和第二相位调节结构203的电长度θ如公式(1)所示：
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000024
其中，k为正整数。
由此，通过调节该第一相位调节单元和第二相位调节单元的电长度，可以调节信号相位，使得调节后的信号与谐振结构从其他谐振结构耦合的信号的相位不同或相反，使得调节后的信号与谐振结构从其他谐振结构耦合的信号在端口处相互抵消或者削弱，从而提高了天线的端口隔离度。
同时，这种通过矩阵耦合对消的方式，是对相位调节结构与谐振结构连接节点处的信号进行耦合对消，对第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200上的信号影响较小。
在第一天线单元100激励的情况下，第二天线单元200上的从第一天线单元100上耦合的信号依旧存在，同时，在第二天线单元200激励的情况下，第一天线单元100上的从第二天线单元200上耦合的信号依旧存在，对天线本身的辐射特性无明显影响，避免了方向图恶化。
此外，如图6a、图6b、图9a、图9b所示，该天线模块001还包括：第一印制电路板PCB10，第一PCB10设置在承载板01的第一表面上。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200采用贴片天线。
第一连接结构101、第二连接结构201、第一谐振结构102、第二谐振结构202、第一相位调节结构103、第二相位调节结构203、第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200均设置在第一PCB10的第一表面上。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图6a、图6b所示，第一连接结构101、第二连接结构201、第一谐振结构102、第二谐振结构202、第一相位调节结构103、第二相位调节结构203设置在第一PCB10的第一表面上，第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200靠近第一PCB10的第一表面设置。
其中，第一天线单元100通过第一探针104与第一PCB10电连接，使得第一天线单元100接地。第一天线单元100通过第二探针105与第一相位调节结构103连接，使得第一天线单元100可以依次通过第二探针105、第一相位调节结构103与第一射频电路连接。
第二天线单元200通过第三探针204与第一PCB10电连接，使得第二天线单元200接地。第二天线单元200通过第四探针205与第二相位调节结构203连接，使得第二天线单元200可以依次通过第四探针205、第二相位调节结构203与第二射频电路连接。
在本申请的另一些实施例中，如图9a、图9b所示，天线模块001还包括：第二PCB20，第二PCB20设置在第一PCB10远离承载板01的一侧，第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200设置在第二PCB20上。
第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200之间的间距小于四分之一波长。其中，四分之一波长为第一天线单元100工作频段的中心频率对应的波长和第二天线单元200的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长中较大值的四分之一。
下面以下不同天线单元为例，对天线模块001的性能进行仿真。
示例一：
如图6a、图6b所示，该天线模块001包括：第一天线单元100，第二天线单元200、第一印制电路板(Printed Circuit Board，PCB)10。
其中，第一PCB10设置在承载板01上。第一PCB10可用FR4环氧玻璃纤维板(环氧板)，厚度1.6mm。
第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200靠近第一PCB10的第一表面设置。该第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200例如均带有一个弯折结构，可以实现天线的小型化。
该天线模块001还包括：第一连接结构101、第二连接结构201、第一谐振结构102、第二谐振结构202、第一相位调节结构103和第二相位调节结构203。
其中，第一连接结构101、第二连接结构201、第一谐振结构102、第二谐振结构202、第一相位调节结构103、第二相位调节结构203均采用微带线结构，且设置在第一PCB10的第一表面上。
第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202之间间隔预设距离，第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202通过耦合的方式接通，第一谐振结构102和第二谐振结构202对称 设置，组成对称的交趾结构。
该天线模块001还包括：第一探针104、第二探针105、第三探针204和第四探针205。
第一天线单元100通过第一探针104与第一PCB10电连接，使得第一天线单元100接地。第一天线单元100通过第二探针105与第一相位调节结构103连接。
第二天线单元200通过第三探针204与第一PCB10电连接，使得第二天线单元200接地。第二天线单元200通过第四探针205与第二相位调节结构203连接。
其中，该天线模块001的尺寸例如为：0.25λ 0*0.25λ 0*0.06λ 0，其中，λ 0为第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000025
其中，表1为示例一中第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200工作频率位于1.71GHz-1.88GHz频段，Theta＝80°时的方向图截面圆度参考表。图7中的(a)为示例一中第一天线单元的辐射方向仿真图，图7中的(b)为示例一中第二天线单元的辐射方向仿真图。
如图7中的(a)和表1所示，第一天线单元100Theta＝80°截面圆度的平均值为3.4dB，最大值为3.6dB，均小于6dB，可见，第一天线单元100的方向图的圆度性能较好。
其中，圆度是指，在Theta＝80°的方向图截面中，最大电平值与最小电平值的差值。
如图7中的(b)和表1所示，第二天线单元200Theta＝80°截面圆度的平均值为2.85dB，最大值为3.5dB，均小于6dB。可见，第二天线单元200的方向图的圆度性能较好。
图8为示例一中天线模块的S 21参数分布图。如图8所示，在10％的驻波带宽(0.9f 0-1.1f 0)内，天线模块001的隔离度S 21大于15dB，此时，该天线模块001的驻波比小于2.5，驻波性能较好。
示例二：
与示例一不同之处在于：示例二中的第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200采用太极双天线。
如图9a、图9b所示，天线模块001还包括：第二PCB20，第二PCB20设置在 第一PCB10远离承载板01的一侧，第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200设置在第二PCB20上。第二PCB20可采用与第一PCB10相同的结构。
第一天线单元100通过第一探针104与第一PCB10电连接，使得第一天线单元100接地。第一天线单元100通过第二探针105与第一相位调节结构103连接，使得第一天线单元100可以依次通过第二探针105、第一相位调节结构103与第一射频电路连接。
第二天线单元200通过第三探针204与第一PCB10电连接，使得第二天线单元200接地。第二天线单元200通过第四探针205与第二相位调节结构203连接，使得第二天线单元200可以依次通过第四探针205、第二相位调节结构203与第二射频电路连接。
其中，第一天线单元100例如为接收天线，第二天线单元200例如为发射天线，该天线模块001实现双天线系统的收发分离的设计。
该天线模块001的尺寸满足：0.25λ 0*0.25λ 0*0.06λ 0，其中，λ 0为第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。
表2
Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-000026
表2为在1.71GHz-1.88GHz频段内，Theta＝80°时的方向图截面圆度参考表。图10为示例二中第一天线单元和第二天线单元200的辐射方向仿真图。其中，第一天线单元100工作频率位于1.8GHz-1.88GHz频段，第二天线单元200的工作频率位于1.71GHz-1.77GHz频段。
如图10中的(a)和表2所示，第一天线单元100的方向图在Theta＝80°的截面圆度的平均值约为5.5dB，小于6dB。可见，第一天线单元100的方向图的圆度性能较好。
如图10中的(b)和表2所示，第二天线单元200的方向图在Theta＝80°的截面圆度的平均值为6.2dB，接近于6dB。可见，第二天线单元200的方向图的圆度性能较好。
图11为示例二中天线模块的S 21参数分布图。如图11所示，在6％的驻波带宽(0.94f0-1.06f0)内，天线模块001的隔离度S 21大于20dB，该天线模块001的驻波比小于2.5，驻波性能较好。
本申请实施例还提供一种基站设备，如图12所示，包括如上的天线模块001， 该天线模块包括第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200。
参见示例一和示例二可知，第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200方向图圆度良好(6dB以内或略大于6dB)，同时第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200间的隔离度提升至20dB，双工器带外抑制要求(A-15)dB。在射频小系统里，使用本申请方案可以降低双工器带外抑制要求，与图1所示收发一体的天线相比，可降低15dB。可用于收发分离的双工天线的设计，解决双工器带外抑制设计困难的问题。
此外，图12中第一天线单元100和第二天线单元200只占用一个天线的位置空间，与图2所示的接收天线和发射天线之间通过空间隔离，需要占据两个天线空间，无法实现高密布局相比，增大了天线的密度，可解决在模块有限空间上的天线高密布局问题。
同时，本申请的方案同时还可以降低射频走线插损和双工器插损，并且对天线无源互调收益也在15dB以上。
如图13a、图13b所示，承载板01的每个角设有一个如上的天线模块001，该基站设备上共设有12个天线，与图3a、图3b设置双层天线的基站设备上设置的天线数量相等。其中，基站设备尺寸为(200×200×H)mm 3，其中，H为设置单层天线的基站设备高度，与上述实施例中设置双层天线的基站设备高度为(H+10)相比，降低了剖面高度，减小了基站设备尺寸，有利于设备的小型化。
天线模块001例如可以采用如示例一所示的结构，第一天线单元100和第二天线单元100同层设置，间距小，隔离度达到18dB以上，并且对天线方向图无恶化。
与传统双天线0.65λ×0.65λ×0.1λ的天线尺寸相比，本申请实施例天线模块001尺寸仅为0.25λ×0.25λ×0.06λ，可以缩减70％以上，更易集成于室内内置多天线小基站设备模块，整机尺寸不会因为天线数量增多而明显增加，实现了基站设备的小型化，且易于集成，降低了加工难度，同时提高了收发通道间的隔离度，且方向图圆度性能较好。
本申请实施例提出的基站设备，可以用于多天线系统的布局优化，实现更多天线的高密集成设计，相同数量的天线个数，占用空间更小。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何在本申请揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种天线模块，其特征在于，包括：
    第一天线单元，
    第二天线单元，
    第一连接结构，所述第一连接结构用于连接所述第一天线单元和第一射频电路；
    第二连接结构，所述第二连接结构用于连接所述第二天线单元和第二射频电路；
    第一谐振结构，所述第一谐振结构和所述第一连接结构连接；
    第二谐振结构，所述第二谐振结构和所述第二连接结构连接，其中，所述第一谐振结构与所述第二谐振结构接通，所述第一谐振结构用于耦合所述第二谐振结构的信号，所述第二谐振结构用于耦合所述第一谐振结构的信号；
    第一相位调节结构，所述第一相位调节结构的一端和所述第一连接结构连接，所述第一相位调节结构的另一端和所述第一天线单元连接；
    第二相位调节结构，所述第二相位调节结构一端和所述第二连接结构连接，另一端和所述第二天线单元连接；
    其中，所述第一相位调节结构用于对所述第一天线单元从所述第二天线单元耦合的信号进行调节；所述第二相位调节结构用于对所述第二天线单元从所述第一天线单元耦合的信号进行调节。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线模块，其特征在于，所述第一相位调节结构和所述第二相位调节结构的电长度θ满足：
    Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-100001
    其中，φ为所述第一天线单元和所述第二天线单元之间的转移导纳对应的相位，k为正整数。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线模块，其特征在于，还包括：第一印制电路板PCB，所述第一连接结构、所述第二连接结构、所述第一谐振结构、所述第二谐振结构、所述第一相位调节结构、所述第二相位调节结构、所述第一天线单元和所述第二天线单元均设置在第一PCB的第一表面上。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线模块，其特征在于，还包括：第一印制电路板PCB，所述第一连接结构、所述第二连接结构、所述第一谐振结构、所述第二谐振结构、所述第一相位调节结构，以及所述第二相位调节结构设置在第一PCB的第一表面上，所述第一天线单元和所述第二天线单元靠近所述第一PCB的第一表面设置；
    其中，所述第一天线单元通过第一探针与所述第一PCB电连接，并通过第二探针与所述第一相位调节结构连接；
    所述第二天线单元通过第三探针与所述第一PCB电连接，并通过第四探针与所述第二相位调节结构连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线模块，其特征在于，还包括：第二PCB，所述第二PCB靠近所述第一PCB的第一表面设置，所述第一天线单元和所述第二天线单元设置在所述第二PCB上。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的天线模块，其特征在于，所述第一天线单元 和所述第二天线单元均为平面倒F天线PIFA。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的天线模块，其特征在于，所述第一谐振结构和所述第二谐振结构均采用微带线。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的天线模块，其特征在于，所述第一谐振结构和所述第二谐振结构耦合。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天线模块，其特征在于，所述第一谐振结构和所述第二谐振结构组成交趾结构，其中，所述第一谐振结构包括：第一耦合枝节和第一接地枝节，所述第二谐振结构包括：第二耦合枝节和第二接地枝节，所述第一耦合枝节和所述第二耦合枝节耦合，所述第一接地枝节和所述第二接地枝节接地；
    其中，所述第一谐振结构的长度为：
    Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-100002
    其中，λ 2为第二天线单元的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长；
    所述第二谐振结构的长度等于：
    Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-100003
    其中，λ 1为第一天线单元的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的天线模块，其特征在于，所述第一谐振结构和所述第二谐振结构均采用开口谐振环结构或阶梯阻抗谐振结构，所述第一谐振结构的长度为：
    Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-100004
    其中，其中，λ 1为第二天线单元的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长；
    所述第二谐振结构的长度等于：
    Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-100005
    其中，λ 2为第一天线单元的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长。
  11. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的天线模块，其特征在于，所述第一谐振结构和所述第二谐振结构连接，所述第一谐振结构和所述第二谐振结构的长度之和满足：
    Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-100006
    或
    Figure PCTCN2020137742-appb-100007
    其中，λ等于第一天线单元的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长λ 1和第二天线单元的工作频段的中心频率对应的波长λ 2的平均值，K为正整数。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的天线模块，其特征在于，所述第一相位调节结构和所述第二相位调节结构均采用微带线。
  13. 一种基站设备，其特征在于，包括射频电路和多个如权利要求1-12任一项所述的天线模块，所述射频电路和所述天线模块电连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的基站设备，其特征在于，还包括：承载板，所述天线模块设置在所述承载板上。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的基站设备，其特征在于，所述承载板采用金属材质。
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