WO2022124292A1 - 気化器及び気化方法 - Google Patents
気化器及び気化方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022124292A1 WO2022124292A1 PCT/JP2021/044861 JP2021044861W WO2022124292A1 WO 2022124292 A1 WO2022124292 A1 WO 2022124292A1 JP 2021044861 W JP2021044861 W JP 2021044861W WO 2022124292 A1 WO2022124292 A1 WO 2022124292A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- liquefied gas
- boiling point
- vaporizer
- main component
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 117
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 170
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vaporizer and a vaporization method for a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than the boiling point of the main component.
- a vaporizer for vaporizing low-temperature liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas
- This type of vaporizer is an open rack type vaporizer that allows a heat source fluid such as seawater to flow down the outer surface of the heat transfer tube to vaporize the liquefied gas flowing inside the heat transfer tube, and an intermediate that uses an intermediate medium in addition to the heat source fluid.
- a heat source fluid such as seawater
- Patent Document 1 discloses a shell-and-tube type vaporizer, in which industrial water or seawater, which is easily available, is used as a heat source fluid.
- the vaporizer of Patent Document 1 is configured to circulate a liquefied gas in a heat transfer tube and vaporize the liquefied gas by a heating fluid in the shell.
- a heating fluid in the shell On the other hand, when seawater is used as the heat source fluid, liquefied gas is stored in the shell and the liquefied gas is distributed in the heat transfer tube from the viewpoint of preventing crevice corrosion in the shell of the vaporizer and improving cleanability. It can also be vaporized by the heated heat source fluid.
- the liquefied gas includes a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component whose boiling point is higher than the boiling point of the main component. It may be possible to vaporize the liquefied gas using a vaporizer configured to allow this type of liquefied gas to flow into the shell and seawater into the heat transfer tube. In this case, it is presumed that high boiling point components may be accumulated in the shell. That is, since the main component of the liquefied gas in the shell is vaporized preferentially, it is presumed that the high boiling point component tends to be accumulated in the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell.
- An object of the present invention is to prevent the high boiling point component from accumulating in the shell when a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than the boiling point of the main component is vaporized in the shell. It is in.
- the vaporizer according to one aspect of the present invention is a vaporizer that vaporizes a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than the boiling point of the main component, and is contained in a shell and the shell.
- the main component contained in the liquefied gas derived from the shell through the liquid outflow portion is vaporized.
- the vaporization method is a method for vaporizing a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than the boiling point of the main component, and the liquefied gas is contained in a shell.
- a first heating fluid having a temperature for vaporizing the main component of the liquefied gas was introduced into a plurality of heat transfer tubes located in the shell, and the main component vaporized in the shell was introduced into the shell.
- the liquefied gas which was derived from the shell through the lead-out portion of the shell and accumulated in the shell, was discharged from the shell through the liquid outflow portion located at the bottom of the shell, and was led out from the shell through the liquid outflow portion.
- the main component contained in the liquefied gas is vaporized.
- the low-temperature liquefied gas vaporizer (hereinafter referred to as a vaporizer) 10 is a vaporizer for vaporizing the liquefied gas with a heated fluid.
- the liquefied gas is a fluid that is in a gaseous state at room temperature and becomes liquid when cooled to a low temperature.
- liquefied ammonia is used as the liquefied gas, but the present invention is not limited to this, for example, liquefied carbon dioxide and the like. May be.
- Liquefied ammonia contains ammonia, which is the main component, and water, which is a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than the boiling point of the main component.
- liquid ammonia which is the main component of the supplied liquefied gas
- gaseous ammonia is supplied to the demand destination.
- the liquefied carbon dioxide also contains water, which is a high boiling point component, the carbon dioxide is preferentially vaporized when the liquefied carbon dioxide is vaporized in the vaporizer 10. Therefore, water tends to remain in the vaporizer 10.
- the high boiling point component is not limited to water, and other fluids having a boiling point higher than the boiling point of the main component may be used.
- the vaporizer 10 includes a main heat exchanger 11 for heat exchange between the liquefied gas and the first heating fluid, and a heater 12 for heating the liquefied gas flowing out of the main heat exchanger 11.
- the main heat exchanger 11 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and includes a shell 15 and a plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 arranged in the shell 15.
- the shell 15 includes a tubular body portion 21 extending in one direction, a first tube plate 22 located at one end of the body portion 21, and a second tube plate 23 located at the other end of the body portion 21. ..
- the shell 15 is formed in a hollow shape by the body portion 21, the first pipe plate 22, and the second pipe plate 23.
- the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 are bridged between the first tube plate 22 and the second tube plate 23.
- the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 are arranged so as to extend linearly in the horizontal direction.
- the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 are supported by a plurality of holding members 18 arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the shell 15.
- the entrance chamber 25 and the exit chamber 26 are adjacent to the shell 15.
- the entrance chamber 25 is adjacent to the first pipe plate 22, and the exit chamber 26 is adjacent to the second pipe plate 23.
- a hollow entrance chamber 25 is formed at one end of the shell 15.
- a hollow outlet chamber 26 is formed at the other end of the shell 15.
- the inlet chamber 25 and the outlet chamber 26 communicate with each other through a plurality of heat transfer tubes 16.
- the inlet chamber 25 is provided with an inlet port 31, and the first heating fluid is introduced into the inlet chamber 25 from the outside through the inlet port 31.
- the first heating fluid in the inlet chamber 25 is introduced into the outlet chamber 26 through the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16.
- the outlet chamber 26 is provided with an outlet port 32, and the first heating fluid is discharged from the inside of the outlet chamber 26 to the outside through the outlet port 32.
- the first heating fluid is water such as seawater and industrial water. That is, the first heating fluid is a fluid having a temperature higher than the boiling point of the liquefied gas.
- the first heating fluid may have a higher temperature than the boiling point of the high boiling point component. Even in this case, the high boiling point component may accumulate in the shell 15 without being vaporized during continuous operation.
- a supply unit 35 for supplying liquefied gas into the shell 15 is provided in the shell 15.
- the supply unit 35 includes a supply pipe 36 arranged so as to extend in the extending direction of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 in the shell 15, and a connection pipe 37 arranged so as to extend from the supply pipe 36 to the outside of the shell 15. ing.
- the supply pipe 36 is arranged above the plurality of heat transfer pipes 16.
- the supply pipe 36 is provided with a plurality of supply ports 38 arranged at intervals in the longitudinal direction, and the liquefied gas in the supply pipe 36 is discharged into the shell 15 through the plurality of supply ports 38.
- the supply pipe 36 is located above the liquid level of the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell 15. Therefore, the liquefied gas supplied from the plurality of supply ports 38 falls and falls on the liquid surface of the liquefied gas.
- the upper end of the connecting pipe 37 is fixed to the upper part of the body portion 21, and the lower end is connected to the end portion of the supply pipe 36. That is, the connecting pipe 37 supports the supply pipe 36. An external pipe 39 for flowing liquefied gas from the outside of the shell 15 is connected to the upper end of the connecting pipe 37.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration in which the lower end of the connecting pipe 37 is connected to the end portion of the supply pipe 36
- the connecting pipe 37 may be connected to the intermediate portion of the supply pipe 36.
- the supply pipe 36 may be composed of one pipe member, but may be composed of a plurality of pipe members branching from the connecting pipe 37.
- a lead-out unit 41 for leading the vaporized main component gas to the outside of the shell 15 is provided on the upper part of the shell 15.
- a lead-out pipe 42 is connected to the lead-out unit 41, and the main component gas is sent to the demand destination through the lead-out pipe 42.
- a liquid liquefied gas is accumulated in the shell 15, and this liquefied gas contains a high boiling point component that is not vaporized by heat exchange with the first heating fluid.
- a liquid outflow portion 45 is provided at the bottom of the shell 15 to allow a liquid liquefied gas containing a high boiling point component to flow out from the shell 15.
- the liquid outflow portion 45 may be located at the bottom surface of the body portion 21, but may be located at the lower end portion on the side surface of the body portion 21.
- a connecting pipe 46 is connected to the liquid outflow portion 45, and the connecting pipe 46 is provided with a heater 12 and a pump 47.
- the pump 47 draws the liquid liquefied gas accumulated in the shell 15 into the connecting pipe 46 through the liquid outflow portion 45.
- the liquefied gas flowing through the connecting pipe 46 by the operation of the pump 47 is introduced into the heater 12.
- the pump 47 is set so that a predetermined amount of liquefied gas is led out from the shell 15 through the liquid outflow portion 45. That is, the pump 47 is set so that the liquefied gas containing the high boiling point component having the same flow rate as the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the shell 15 through the supply unit 35 flows out from the shell 15. There is. Therefore, when the pump 47 operates, the liquefied gas containing the high boiling point component having the same flow rate as the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the shell 15 is led out from the shell 15 through the liquid outflow portion 45. .. Therefore, even if continuous operation is continued with the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell 15, it is possible to prevent the amount of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell 15 from gradually increasing. ..
- the pump 47 is supplied with a value of the ratio of the flow rate of the liquefied gas derived from the liquid outflow section 45 to the flow rate of the liquefied gas supplied into the shell 15 through the supply section 35 through the supply section 35.
- the value is set to be equal to or higher than the value of the ratio of the amount of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas to the amount of the liquefied gas.
- the "value of the ratio of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas" here may be a mass-based value (mass%) or a volume-based value (volume%). ..
- the connecting pipe 46 does not have to be provided with the pump 47. In that case, the liquefied gas is generated by the height difference between the liquid level of the liquefied gas in the shell 15 and the liquid level of the liquefied gas in the heater 12. It flows in the connecting pipe 46.
- the heater 12 is a heat exchanger configured to vaporize the liquefied gas introduced through the connecting pipe 46 by a second heating fluid supplied from the outside.
- the second heating fluid is a fluid having a higher temperature than the first heating fluid, and is, for example, hot water, steam, or the like.
- the second heating fluid may be hotter than the boiling point of the high boiling point component.
- the liquefied gas supplied from the external pipe 39 to the supply unit 35 is supplied into the shell 15 from the plurality of supply ports 38, and the liquefied gas in the shell 15 is supplied. It is poured onto the liquid surface.
- the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell 15 exchanges heat with the first heating fluid flowing in the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 and vaporizes. Therefore, the liquefied gas in the shell 15 is in a state of saturation pressure.
- the main component since the boiling point of the main component of the liquefied gas is lower than the boiling point of the high boiling point component, the main component vaporizes preferentially over the high boiling point component.
- the vaporized liquefied gas (main component) flows out to the outlet pipe 42 through the outlet 41.
- the liquefied gas that has not been vaporized accumulates in the shell 15.
- the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell 15 is extracted from the liquid outflow portion 45 at the bottom of the shell 15 by the operation of the pump 47 and sent to the heater 12. At this time, a liquefied gas containing a high boiling point component having a flow rate larger than the flow rate of the high boiling point component supplied into the shell 15 is led out from the shell 15 through the liquid outflow portion 45.
- the liquefied gas flowing into the heater 12 is heated and vaporized by heat exchange with the second heating fluid. At this time, both ammonia, which is the main component of the liquefied gas, and water, which is a high boiling point component, are vaporized.
- the gas vaporized by the heater 12 is supplied to the demand destination through the connecting pipe 46.
- the heater 12 is configured to vaporize the high boiling point component as well, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the heater 12 is set so that the high boiling point component is not vaporized. May be good. In this case, after the main component is separated from the high boiling point component, only the gaseous main component can be supplied to the demand destination.
- the vaporizer 10 configured as described above, most of the main components of the liquefied gas flowing into the shell 15 are heated and vaporized by heat exchange with the first heating fluid flowing through the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16. ..
- the vaporized main component is derived to the outside of the shell 15 through the extraction unit 41.
- the unvaporized high boiling point component remains in the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell 15.
- the liquefied gas accumulated in the bottom of the shell 15 is extracted to the outside of the shell 15 through the liquid outflow portion 45, it is possible to suppress the accumulation of high boiling point components in the shell 15.
- the heater 12 can also vaporize the liquefied gas containing the high boiling point component that has flowed out from the liquid outflow section 45 and supply it to the demand destination. Further, since the second heating fluid used in the heater 12 heats only the liquefied gas that has not been vaporized in the shell 15, it is possible to prevent the amount of the second heating fluid used from becoming excessive.
- the concentration of the high boiling point component tends to be higher on the lower side than on the upper side, especially at the bottom of the shell 15.
- the concentration of boiling point components tends to increase. Therefore, the liquid outflow portion 45 arranged at the bottom of the shell 15 allows more high boiling point components to be extracted, and the accumulation of the high boiling point components in the shell 15 can be further suppressed.
- the supply port 38 of the supply unit 35 is located above the liquid level of the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell 15, and the liquefied gas supplied through the supply unit 35 is accumulated in the shell 15. It joins the liquefied gas from the liquid surface side. Since the liquid level is located above the heat transfer tube 16, the supplied liquefied gas is prevented from flowing out of the shell 15 through the liquid outflow portion 45 without exchanging heat with the first heating fluid in the heat transfer tube 16. can. Therefore, heat exchange between the first heating fluid and the liquefied gas can be effectively performed in the shell 15.
- the main component and the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas are vaporized by heat exchange with the second heating fluid in the heater 12. Therefore, the gaseous main component and the high boiling point component can be supplied to the demand destination.
- the value of the ratio of the flow rate of the liquefied gas derived from the liquid outflow section 45 to the flow rate of the liquefied gas supplied into the shell 15 through the supply section 35 is supplied through the supply section 35. It is a value equal to or more than the value of the ratio of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas to be produced. Therefore, the flow rate of the high boiling point component flowing out from the shell 15 is the same as or higher than the flow rate of the high boiling point component supplied into the shell 15.
- a liquefied gas containing a high boiling point component having a flow rate equal to or higher than the flow rate corresponding to the ratio of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the shell 15 is derived from the shell 15 through the liquid outflow portion 45. .. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the proportion of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell 15 from increasing indefinitely. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an unlimited concentration of high boiling point components in the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell 15.
- a liquefied gas containing a high boiling point component having the same flow rate as the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the shell 15 is derived from the shell 15, but the present invention is limited to this. do not have.
- the ratio of the high boiling point component in the liquefied gas supplied to the shell 15 and the ratio of the high boiling point component in the liquefied gas flowing out from the shell 15 may be the same ratio (equilibrium state).
- the heater 12 may be provided in the lead-out pipe 42 so as to heat the main component before merging with the connecting pipe 46. Further, the heater 12 may be omitted. In these cases, the liquefied gas flowing through the connecting pipe 46 is vaporized by merging with the main component flowing through the outlet pipe 42.
- the outlet pipe 42 joins the connecting pipe 46 on the upstream side of the heater 12 and on the downstream side of the pump 47. Therefore, the gaseous main component flowing out from the outflow section 41 and the liquefied gas flowing out from the liquid outflow section 45 are introduced into the heater 12 after merging. As a result, in the heater 12, not only the liquefied gas flowing from the liquid outflow section 45 but also the gaseous main component derived from the out-drawing section 41 is heated. Therefore, since the gaseous main component can be raised to a higher temperature, it is possible to meet the demand for high-temperature gas.
- the gaseous main component flowing through the lead-out portion 41 and the liquefied gas flowing through the liquid outflow portion 45 merge before being introduced into the heater 12.
- the gaseous main component flowing through the lead-out portion 41 and the liquefied gas flowing through the liquid outflow portion 45 are separately introduced into the heater 12 without merging.
- the heater 12 has a first low temperature layer having a plurality of flow paths communicating with the outlet pipe 42, a second low temperature layer having a plurality of flow paths communicating with the connecting pipe 46, and a plurality of pieces into which the second heating fluid is introduced. It is composed of a laminated heat exchanger having a structure in which a high temperature layer having a flow path of the above is laminated.
- the first low temperature layer the gaseous main component is heated to become a higher temperature main component.
- the second low temperature layer the liquid liquefied gas is vaporized to become a gas.
- the main component heated in the first low temperature layer and the gas vaporized in the second low temperature layer are merged after being taken out from the heater 12 and supplied to the demand destination.
- the main component heated in the first low temperature layer and the gas vaporized in the second low temperature layer may be merged in the heater 12.
- the gaseous main component flowing out from the lead-out unit 41 can be raised to a higher temperature.
- the supply pipe 36 of the supply unit 35 is arranged so as to be located above the liquid level of the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell 15, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the supply pipe 36 is located above the heat transfer tube 16 located at the bottom of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16, it is located below the liquid level of the liquefied gas. You may. Also in this configuration, it is possible to prevent the liquefied gas supplied into the shell 15 through the supply unit 35 from flowing out of the shell 15 through the liquid outflow unit 45 without exchanging heat with the first heating fluid in the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16. .. Therefore, heat exchange between the first heating fluid and the liquefied gas can be effectively performed in the shell 15.
- the position of the supply pipe 36 may be a height position between the heat transfer tube 16 located on the uppermost side and the heat transfer tube 16 located on the lowermost side, and the heat transfer tube 16 and the liquid located on the uppermost side may be located. It may be a height position between the surface and the surface.
- the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 are formed so as to extend in one direction from the first tube plate 22 to the second tube plate 23. It is not limited to this configuration.
- each of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 may be formed in a U shape. In this case, both ends of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 16 are connected to the first tube plate 22, and the inlet chamber 25 and the outlet chamber 26 are adjacent to the ends of the shell 15 on the first tube plate side.
- the vaporizer according to the embodiment is a vaporizer that vaporizes a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than the boiling point of the main component, and is a shell and the inside of the shell.
- the vaporizer vaporizes the main component contained in the liquefied gas derived from the shell through the liquid outflow portion.
- the vaporizer In the vaporizer, most of the main components of the liquefied gas are vaporized by exchanging heat between the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell and the first heating fluid in the heat transfer tube. This vaporized gas is led out of the shell through the lead-out unit. On the other hand, the non-vaporized high boiling point component stays in the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell. However, the liquefied gas accumulated at the bottom of the shell is extracted to the outside of the shell through the liquid outflow portion. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the accumulation of high boiling point components in the shell. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the high boiling point component from being gradually concentrated in the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell. Moreover, since the liquefied gas containing a high boiling point component that has flowed out through the liquid outflow portion is vaporized, the main component extracted from the shell in a liquid state can be obtained in the form of gas.
- the supply unit may have a supply port for supplying the liquefied gas in the shell, in which case the supply port is the lowest of the plurality of heat transfer tubes in the shell. It may be located above the heat transfer tube located at.
- the supply unit may have a supply port for supplying the liquefied gas in the shell, in which case the supply port is the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell in the shell. It may be located above the liquid level.
- the liquefied gas supplied through the supply port of the supply unit joins the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell from the liquid surface side. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the supplied liquefied gas from flowing out of the shell through the liquid outflow portion without exchanging heat with the first heating fluid in the heat transfer tube. As a result, heat exchange between the first heating fluid and the liquefied gas can be effectively performed in the shell.
- the vaporizer may include a heater that vaporizes the main component contained in the liquefied gas derived from the shell through the liquid outflow portion by heat exchange with the second heating fluid.
- the heater may also heat the gaseous main component derived through the outlet.
- the temperature of the main component of the liquefied gas derived from the out-licensing unit can be raised to a higher temperature, so that it is possible to meet the demand for high-temperature gas.
- the vaporizer may vaporize the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas derived from the shell through the liquid outflow portion.
- the gaseous main component and the high boiling point component can be supplied to the demand destination.
- the vaporizer may include a heater that vaporizes the main component contained in the liquefied gas derived from the shell through the liquid outflow portion by heat exchange with the second heating fluid.
- the main component contained in the liquefied gas can be vaporized by the heat of the second heating fluid.
- the value of the ratio of the flow rate of the liquefied gas derived from the liquid outflow section to the flow rate of the liquefied gas supplied into the shell through the supply section is supplied through the supply section. It may be a value equal to or higher than the value of the ratio of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas.
- the liquefied gas containing the high boiling point component in a proportion equal to or higher than the proportion of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the shell is derived from the shell through the liquid outflow portion. Therefore, the amount of the high boiling point component derived from the shell can be made larger than the amount of the high boiling point component supplied into the shell. Therefore, since it is possible to prevent the proportion of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell from increasing indefinitely, it is possible to prevent the high boiling point component from being indefinitely concentrated in the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell.
- the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the shell through the supply section is the same as the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas flowing out from the liquid outflow section. But it may be.
- the liquefied gas may be liquefied ammonia containing water, and the first heating fluid may be water.
- liquefied ammonia can be heated with water such as seawater or industrial water to obtain ammonia gas. Therefore, it is possible to obtain ammonia gas while preventing the running cost from becoming excessive.
- the vaporization method of the embodiment is a method of vaporizing a liquefied gas containing a main component and a high boiling point component having a boiling point higher than the boiling point of the main component, and the liquefied gas is supplied into the shell. Then, a first heating fluid having a temperature for vaporizing the main component of the liquefied gas is introduced into a plurality of heat transfer tubes located in the shell, and heat is exchanged with the first heating fluid in the shell. The vaporized main component is led out from the shell through the outlet of the shell, and the liquefied gas accumulated in the shell is discharged from the shell through the liquid outflow portion located at the bottom of the shell, and the liquid outflow is performed. The main component contained in the liquefied gas derived from the shell is vaporized through the unit.
- the value of the ratio of the flow rate of the liquefied gas derived from the liquid outflow portion to the flow rate of the liquefied gas supplied in the shell is the liquefied gas supplied in the shell.
- the liquefied gas may be derived from the liquid outflow portion so as to have a value equal to or higher than the value of the ratio of the high boiling point components contained.
- the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas supplied into the shell is the same as the flow rate of the high boiling point component contained in the liquefied gas flowing out from the liquid outflow portion.
- the liquefied gas may be derived from the liquid outflow portion.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、第1実施形態に係る低温液化ガス気化器(以下、気化器と称する)10は、液化ガスを加熱流体によって気化させるための気化器である。ここで、液化ガスとは常温で気体状態であって低温に冷却することで液状となる流体であり、本実施形態では液化ガスとして液化アンモニアを用いるが、これに限らず、例えば液化二酸化炭素等であってもよい。
第2実施形態に係る気化器10について、図2を参照しながら説明する。ここでは、第1実施形態と同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付し、その詳細な説明を省略する。
第3実施形態に係る気化器10について、図3を参照しながら説明する。ここでは、第1実施形態と同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付し、その詳細な説明を省略する。
今回開示された実施形態は、全ての点で例示であって、制限的なものではないと解されるべきである。本発明の範囲は、上述した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲により示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内での全ての変更が含まれることが意図される。
Claims (12)
- 主成分と、前記主成分の沸点よりも高い沸点を有する高沸点成分とを含む液化ガスを気化させる気化器であって、
シェルと、
前記シェル内に前記液化ガスを供給する供給部と、
前記シェル内に配置され、前記液化ガスの前記主成分を気化させる温度を有する第1加熱流体が導入される複数の伝熱管と、
前記シェル内で気化した前記主成分を前記シェルから導出させる導出部と、
前記シェルの底部に配置され、前記シェル内に溜まった前記液化ガスを前記シェルから流出させる液流出部と、を備え、
前記液流出部を通して前記シェルから導出された前記液化ガスに含まれる前記主成分を気化させる、気化器。 - 請求項1に記載の気化器において、
前記供給部は、前記シェル内に前記液化ガスを供給する供給口を有しており、
前記供給口は、前記シェル内において、前記複数の伝熱管のうち最も下に位置する伝熱管よりも上に位置する、気化器。 - 請求項1に記載の気化器において、
前記供給部は、前記シェル内に前記液化ガスを供給する供給口を有しており、
前記供給口は、前記シェル内において、前記シェル内に溜まった液化ガスの液面よりも上に位置する、気化器。 - 請求項1から請求項3の何れか1項に記載の気化器において、
前記液流出部を通して前記シェルから導出された前記液化ガスに含まれる前記主成分を、第2加熱流体との熱交換により気化させる加熱器を備え、
前記加熱器は、前記導出部を通して導出されたガス状の前記主成分をも加熱する、気化器。 - 請求項1から請求項3の何れか1項に記載の気化器において、
前記液流出部を通して前記シェルから導出された前記液化ガスに含まれる前記高沸点成分を気化させる、気化器。 - 請求項1から請求項3の何れか1項に記載の気化器において、
前記液流出部を通して前記シェルから導出された前記液化ガスに含まれる前記主成分を、第2加熱流体との熱交換により気化させる加熱器を備えている、気化器。 - 請求項1から請求項3の何れか1項に記載の気化器において、
前記供給部を通して前記シェル内に供給される液化ガスの流量に対する、前記液流出部から導出される液化ガスの流量の割合の値は、前記供給部を通して供給される前記液化ガスに含まれる前記高沸点成分の割合の値以上の値である、気化器。 - 請求項1から請求項3の何れか1項に記載の気化器において、
前記供給部を通して前記シェル内に供給される液化ガスに含まれる高沸点成分の流量は、前記液流出部から流出する液化ガスに含まれる高沸点成分の流量と同じである気化器。 - 請求項1から請求項3の何れか1項に記載の気化器において、
前記液化ガスは、水分を含む液化アンモニアであり、前記第1加熱流体は水である、気化器。 - 主成分と、前記主成分の沸点よりも高い沸点を有する高沸点成分とを含む液化ガスを気化させる方法であって、
シェル内に前記液化ガスを供給し、
前記シェル内に位置する複数の伝熱管内に、前記液化ガスの前記主成分を気化させる温度を有する第1加熱流体を導入し、
前記第1加熱流体との熱交換によって前記シェル内で気化した前記主成分を、前記シェルの導出部を通して前記シェルから導出し、
前記シェル内に溜まった前記液化ガスを、前記シェルの底部に位置する液流出部を通して前記シェルから流出させ、
前記液流出部を通して前記シェルから導出された前記液化ガスに含まれる前記主成分を気化させる、気化方法。 - 請求項10に記載の気化方法であって、
前記シェル内に供給される液化ガスの流量に対する、前記液流出部から導出される液化ガスの流量の割合の値が、前記シェル内に供給される前記液化ガスに含まれる前記高沸点成分の割合の値以上の値になるように、前記液流出部から前記液化ガスを導出する、気化方法。 - 請求項10に記載の気化方法であって、
前記シェル内に供給される液化ガスに含まれる高沸点成分の流量と、前記液流出部から流出する液化ガスに含まれる高沸点成分の流量とが同じになるように、前記液流出部から前記液化ガスを導出する、気化方法。
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