WO2022120858A1 - 一种阵列天线及基站 - Google Patents

一种阵列天线及基站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022120858A1
WO2022120858A1 PCT/CN2020/135964 CN2020135964W WO2022120858A1 WO 2022120858 A1 WO2022120858 A1 WO 2022120858A1 CN 2020135964 W CN2020135964 W CN 2020135964W WO 2022120858 A1 WO2022120858 A1 WO 2022120858A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
group
ground
radiating
radiating element
radiation
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PCT/CN2020/135964
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王勇
戴作杏
艾伟
施锐
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN202080107763.XA priority Critical patent/CN116569418A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/135964 priority patent/WO2022120858A1/zh
Publication of WO2022120858A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022120858A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/01—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the shape of the antenna or antenna system

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to an array antenna and a base station.
  • satellites and base stations use frequency-division multiplexing in the use of wireless spectrum.
  • the current spectrum can no longer meet the demand, and the demand for spectrum requires larger bandwidth.
  • the previous industry evolution was to give more spectrum to base station applications through satellites.
  • the so-called spectrum sharing As shown in FIG. 1 , the signal of the base station 1 on the ground will leak into the air, causing interference to the satellite 2 .
  • the relative interference is relatively small.
  • the accumulation of the interference energy generated by the millions of base stations 1 will cause strong interference to the satellite 2 and affect the communication of the satellite.
  • the present application provides an array antenna and a base station to reduce the impact on satellite communication.
  • an array antenna is provided, and the array antenna is used to realize wireless communication, and the array antenna is fixed relative to the ground during installation.
  • the structure of the array antenna is described below with the ground as a reference plane.
  • the array antenna includes a plurality of radiating oscillators arranged in an array, wherein each column of radiating oscillators includes a first radiating oscillator group and a second radiating oscillator group, and the distance between the first radiating oscillator group and the ground is greater than the distance between the second radiating oscillator group and the ground.
  • the included angle between the center line of each radiation oscillator in the first radiation oscillator group and the ground is greater than the included angle between the center line of each radiation oscillator in the second radiation oscillator group and the ground.
  • the included angle between the center line of each radiating element in the first radiating element group and the ground gradually increases.
  • the included angle between the center line of each radiating element in the second radiating element group and the ground gradually increases.
  • the energy of the side lobes pointing obliquely upward relative to the ground is reduced by gradually inclining the center line of the radiating element relative to the ground of the base station, thereby improving the interference between the base station and the satellite.
  • the radiation elements in the first radiation element group and the second radiation element group are arranged in a curve.
  • the energy of the side lobe pointing obliquely upward relative to the ground is reduced by the way that the center line of the radiating oscillator is gradually changed relative to the ground, thereby improving the interference between the base station and the satellite.
  • the radiation oscillators in the first radiation oscillator group and the second radiation oscillator group are arranged in a parabola.
  • the energy of the side lobe pointing obliquely upward relative to the ground is reduced by the way that the center line of the radiating oscillator is gradually changed relative to the ground, thereby improving the interference between the base station and the satellite.
  • each column of radiation oscillators further includes a third radiation oscillator group and a fourth radiation oscillator group; wherein the fourth radiation oscillator group, the third radiation oscillator group, and the second radiation oscillator group
  • the oscillator group and the first radiation oscillator group are arranged in a direction away from the ground; the angle between the center line of each radiation oscillator in the fourth radiation oscillator group and the ground is greater than that of each radiation in the third radiation oscillator group The angle between the center line of the vibrator and the ground.
  • the energy of the side lobe pointing obliquely upward relative to the ground is reduced by the way that the center line of the radiating oscillator is gradually changed relative to the ground, thereby improving the interference between the base station and the satellite.
  • the included angle between the center line of each radiating element in the third radiating element group and the fourth radiating element and the ground gradually decreases.
  • the energy of the side lobe pointing obliquely upward relative to the ground is reduced by the way that the center line of the radiating oscillator is gradually changed relative to the ground, thereby improving the interference between the base station and the satellite.
  • the radiation oscillators in the fourth radiation oscillator group, the third radiation oscillator group, the second radiation oscillator group, and the first radiation oscillator group are arranged in an S shape.
  • the energy of the side lobe pointing obliquely upward relative to the ground is reduced by the way that the center line of the radiating oscillator is gradually changed relative to the ground, thereby improving the interference between the base station and the satellite.
  • the center line of each radiating element in the first radiating element group is at the same angle with the ground.
  • the centerline of each radiating element in the second radiating element group is at the same angle with the ground; and the plurality of radiating elements in the first radiating element group
  • the vibrators and the plurality of radiation vibrators in the second radiation vibrator group are arranged in a broken line.
  • the plurality of radiation oscillators are used to transmit satellite frequency signals.
  • the emission frequency band of the plurality of radiation oscillators is between 3 and 40 GHz.
  • the array antenna further includes a carrier, the carrier has a mounting surface for supporting a plurality of radiating elements arranged in the array; wherein, the mounting surface is arranged with each column of radiating elements A surface or folded surface that matches in a way.
  • the arrangement form of the radiation oscillator is realized by the carrier.
  • the array antenna is an antenna structure of PEP plastic integral molding type, or a Patch antenna designed with a flexible PCB.
  • a base station in a second aspect, includes the array antenna described in any of the above and a shaping module, the shaping module is connected to each radiating element in each column of radiating elements, and the shaping The module satisfies: the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element in the first radiating element group is greater than the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element in the second radiating element group.
  • the pointing direction of the side lobes formed by each column of radiating oscillators is changed, reducing the relative The energy of the side lobes pointing diagonally upward on the ground, thereby improving the interference between the base station and the satellite.
  • the shaping module includes a digital shaping module, and the digital shaping module is used to adjust the initial phase of the signal applied to each column of radiating elements, each of the first radiating element group
  • the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element is greater than the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element in the second radiating element group.
  • the initial phase of each radiating element is adjusted by digital shaping.
  • the digital shaping module includes a digital phase shifter for determining the initial phase of each radiating element; and a digital multiplier for determining the amplitude of each radiating element.
  • the initial phase of each radiating element is adjusted by digital shaping.
  • the shaping module includes an analog shaping module, and the analog shaping module is used to adjust the initial phase of the signal applied to each column of radiation oscillators, and each of the first radiation oscillator groups The initial phase of each radiation oscillator is greater than the initial phase of each radiation oscillator in the second radiation oscillator group.
  • the initial phase adjustment of each radiating oscillator is shaped by simulation.
  • the shaping module includes a phase shifter for determining the initial phase of the signal of each radiation element, and a power divider for determining the amplitude of the signal for each radiation element.
  • the initial phase adjustment of each radiating oscillator is shaped by simulation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a scenario of interference between a base station and a satellite in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a base station provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a row of radiating oscillators provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a beam of an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna in the prior art
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a beam of an array antenna in the prior art
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a beam of an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic structural diagram of another array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a column of radiating elements of the array antenna described in Fig. 9;
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of a column of radiating elements of another array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • At least one refers to one, or more than one, that is, including one, two, three and more;
  • Multiple means two, or more than two, that is, including two, three, four and more;
  • Connection refers to coupling, including direct connection or indirect connection via other devices to achieve electrical communication.
  • the array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application is suitable for a mobile communication system, and the mobile communication system here includes but is not limited to: Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA) ) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (Long Term Evolution, LTE) system, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (Frequency Division Duplex) Division Duplex (FDD) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication system, future 5th Generation (5G) system or New Radio (NR) etc.
  • GSM Global System of Mobile communication
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • the array antenna provided in this embodiment of the present application may be applied to a wireless network system, where the array antenna may be applied to a base station subsystem (Base Station Subsystem, BSS), a terrestrial radio access network (UMTS terrestrial radio access network, UTRAN) , UMTS, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) or evolved terrestrial radio access network (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access, E-UTRAN), used for cell coverage of wireless signals to achieve mobile terminals and the wireless network radio frequency connection between ends.
  • BSS Base Station Subsystem
  • UMTS terrestrial radio access network UTRAN
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • E-UTRAN evolved terrestrial radio access network
  • the array antenna involved in this embodiment may be located in a wireless access network device to implement signal transmission and reception.
  • the radio access network equipment may include, but is not limited to, a base station.
  • the base station may be a base station (Base Transceiver Station, BTS) in a GSM or CDMA system, a base station (NodeB, NB) in a WCDMA system, or an evolved base station (Evolutional NodeB, eNB, or eNB) in an LTE system.
  • BTS Base Transceiver Station
  • NodeB, NB base station
  • Evolutional NodeB, eNB, or eNB evolved base station
  • the eNodeB can also be a wireless controller in a Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) scenario, or the base station can be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, and a base station in the future 5G network Or a base station in a future evolved PLMN network, for example, a new wireless base station, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the base station can provide wireless cell signal coverage and serve terminal equipment with one or more cells.
  • a possible structure of the base station may include an array antenna 30, a transceiver (TRX) 20 and a baseband processing unit 10, wherein the TRX is connected to the antenna port of the array antenna 30, so that the antenna port can be used for receiving
  • the signal to be sent sent by the TRX 20 is sent to the radiating element of the array antenna 30, or the received signal received by the radiating element is sent to the TRX 20.
  • the TRX 20 may be a remote radio unit (radio remote unit, RRU), and the baseband processing unit 10 may be a baseband unit (base band unit, BBU).
  • RRU radio remote unit
  • BBU baseband unit
  • the baseband unit can be used to process the baseband optical signal to be sent and transmit it to the RRU, or to receive the baseband signal sent by the RRU (that is, the baseband signal obtained by the RRU's conversion and processing of the received radio frequency signal received by the array antenna 30 during the signal reception process) and Processing; the RRU can convert the baseband signal to be transmitted sent by the BBU into a radio frequency signal to be sent, and the above-mentioned conversion includes performing necessary signal processing on the baseband signal, such as converting the digital signal through a DAC (Digital to analog converter, digital-to-analog converter). Convert it into an electrical signal, amplify the signal through a PA (Power Amplifier, power amplifier), etc.
  • DAC Digital to analog converter, digital-to-analog converter
  • the RRU can send the radio frequency signal to be sent to the array antenna 30 through the antenna port, so that the radio frequency signal is radiated through the array antenna 30, or the RRU can receive
  • the received radio frequency signal sent by the array antenna 30 is converted into a received baseband signal and sent to the BBU.
  • the array antenna provided in this embodiment of the present application may include a radiating element and a feeding network, where the radiating element is used to receive and/or radiate radio waves; one end of the feeding network is connected to the radiating element, and the other end is connected to the RRU, so that the The radiating element is fed, so that the radiating element radiates multiple beams, wherein different beams can cover different ranges.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna 30 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the array antenna 30 includes a carrier 32 and a plurality of radiating elements, wherein the carrier 32 has a mounting surface 321 for supporting the plurality of radiating elements 31 arranged in an array, and the radiating elements 31 are arranged on the mounting surface 321 of the carrier 32 in an array manner.
  • the array antenna 30 may be a PEP plastic integrally formed antenna structure, or may be a Patch antenna designed with a flexible PCB.
  • the carrier 32 is a PEP material or a flexible PCB.
  • the frequency band for which the array antenna 30 is mainly applied is within the range of 3-40 GHz.
  • the frequency bands of the array antenna 30 may be C band (4-6 GHz) and Ku band (12-18 GHz).
  • an XYZ coordinate system is established as a reference coordinate system.
  • OX, OY, and OZ are perpendicular to each other, and OX, OY, and OZ are respectively parallel to the three sides of the carrier 32 carrying the radiation oscillator 31 .
  • the YZ plane is the ground, and the ground is the reference plane.
  • the projections of the radiation oscillators provided in the embodiments of the present application on the XY plane are arranged in an array.
  • the plurality of radiation oscillators 31 are arranged in the OX direction to form a row of radiation oscillators 310 , and the plurality of radiation oscillators 31 are arranged in the OY direction to form a row of radiation oscillators.
  • the multi-radiation oscillators included in the dotted box as shown in FIG. 3 can be a column of radiation oscillators.
  • the mounting surface 321 provided in the embodiment of the present application is a curved surface, so each row of the radiation oscillators 310 on the XZ plane is arranged in a curved manner.
  • the radiation oscillators provided by the embodiments of the present application can be regarded as array arrangement, and due to the undulations of the mounting surface 321 in the Z direction, the radiation oscillators arranged in the array are arranged in a curve in the OZ direction.
  • each row of the radiating elements 310 fluctuates in the same manner in the OZ direction. Therefore, a row of the radiating elements 310 is used as an example to describe the arrangement of the array antenna 30 provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • each column of radiation elements 310 is arranged in an S-shape on the XZ plane.
  • each column of radiation oscillators 310 is divided into a plurality of radiation oscillator groups, and each radiation oscillator group includes a plurality of radiation oscillators arranged along the X direction.
  • each column of radiation oscillator groups includes a first radiation oscillator group 311 , a second radiation oscillator group 312 , a third radiation oscillator group 313 , and a fourth radiation oscillator group 314 .
  • the first radiation oscillator group 311, the second radiation oscillator group 312, the third radiation oscillator group 313, and the fourth radiation oscillator group 314 are arranged along the direction away from the ground (X direction), the first radiation oscillator group 311 is located at the farthest end, and the first radiation oscillator group 311 is located at the farthest end.
  • the four-radiation element group 314 is located at the proximal end.
  • the distance between the first radiation oscillator group 311 and the ground is greater than the distance between the second radiation oscillator group 312 and the ground; the distance between the third radiation oscillator group 313 and the ground is greater than the distance between the fourth radiation oscillator group 314 and the ground.
  • FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of a row of radiation oscillators.
  • a coordinate system is established based on the boundary point between the second radiation oscillator group 312 and the third radiation oscillator group 313, and the horizontal direction is the X direction, which can be equivalent to The X direction shown in Figure 3.
  • the vertical direction is the reference ground direction, which can be equivalent to the Z direction in FIG. 3 .
  • the first radiation oscillator group 311 and the second radiation oscillator group 312 are arranged in a curve, specifically a parabolic arrangement.
  • each dot represents a radiating oscillator, and the straight line with an arrow on each dot is the main radiation direction of the radiating oscillator, and is also the center line of the radiating oscillator.
  • the center line of each radiating element refers to a tangent line passing through the center of the radiating element and perpendicular to the mounting surface 321 where the radiating element is located.
  • the included angle between the center line of each radiating element in the first radiating element group 311 and the ground gradually increases.
  • the included angle between the center line of each radiating element in the second radiating element group 312 and the ground gradually increases.
  • the angle between the center line of each radiator in the first radiator group 311 and the ground is greater than the angle between the center line of each radiator in the second radiator group 312 and the ground.
  • a plurality of radiation oscillators of the first radiation oscillator group 311 and the second radiation oscillator group 312 form a parabola.
  • the focus of the formed parabola is f1.
  • M is the number of radiation oscillators in each column, and n is a positive integer.
  • Z(n) is the coordinate of the radiation oscillator in the coordinate system shown in FIG. 4 at the reference ground.
  • X(n) is the X-direction coordinate of the radiation oscillator in the coordinate system shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the included angle between the center line of each radiating element in the fourth radiating element group 314 and the ground gradually increases.
  • the included angle between the center line of each radiating element in the third radiating element group 313 and the ground gradually increases.
  • the angle between the center line of each radiator in the fourth radiator group 314 and the ground is greater than the angle between the center line of each radiator in the third radiator group 313 and the ground.
  • the plurality of radiation oscillators of the fourth radiation oscillator group 314 and the third radiation oscillator group 313 form a parabola.
  • the focus of the formed parabola is f2.
  • M/2 is used as an intermediate point for division, but in the embodiment of the present application, the position of division is not specifically limited, and it can be changed according to the design. shape arrangement.
  • the RRU When transmitting signals, the RRU performs phase adjustment on the corresponding signals of each column of radiating elements, thereby constructing different suppression weighting effects.
  • the RRU includes a shaping module, and the shaping module is used to connect with each radiation oscillator in each column of radiation oscillators.
  • the shaping module When adjusting the phase of each column of radiating elements, the shaping module satisfies that the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element in the first radiating element group 311 is greater than the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element in the second radiating element group 312 .
  • the arrangement of the first radiation oscillator group 311 , the second radiation oscillator group 312 , the third radiation oscillator group 313 , and the fourth radiation oscillator group 314 takes the coordinate system shown in FIG.
  • ⁇ (n) is the initial phase applied to each radiating element.
  • the shaping module includes a digital shaping module, and the digital shaping module is used to adjust the initial phase of the signal applied to each column of radiation oscillators.
  • the initial phase of the signal of each radiation oscillator in the first radiation oscillator group 311 The phase is greater than the initial phase of the signal of each radiation element in the second radiation element group 312 .
  • the digital shaping module may include a digital phase shifter for determining the initial phase of each radiating element, through which the initial phase of the digital signal applied to each radiating element can be adjusted.
  • the digital shaping module may also include a digital multiplier that determines the magnitude of each radiating element.
  • the amplitude of the digital signal applied to each radiating element can be adjusted by a digital multiplier. Thereby adjusting the shape of the side lobes of the formed beam.
  • the shaping module includes an analog shaping module, so as to adjust the initial phase of the signal applied to the radiation vibrator through the analog shaping module.
  • the simulation shaping module is used to adjust the initial phase of the signal applied to each column of radiation oscillators, and the initial phase of each radiation oscillator in the first radiation oscillator group 311 is greater than that of each radiation oscillator in the second radiation oscillator group 312 initial phase.
  • the shaping module includes a phase shifter for determining the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element.
  • the phase shifter can be a microstrip line or a straight wire, or other structures that can realize phase shifting.
  • the analog shaping module may also include a power divider for determining the amplitude of the signal of each radiating element. The amplitude of the signal applied to each radiating element can be adjusted by the power divider, thereby adjusting the shape of the sidelobe of the formed beam.
  • the frequency bands that the antenna array provided in this embodiment of the application mainly focuses on are C band (4-6 GHz) and Ku band (12-18 GHz).
  • the considered satellites are mainly in synchronous orbits. Satellites are the mainstay, and other low-orbit satellites can also reduce interference to orbits at a certain angle.
  • One of the characteristics of coexistence interference between satellites and base stations is that the satellites are located directly above the base station, so only the signals sent in this direction (oblique upward direction) can point to the satellites, so we must try to reduce the signals in these directions as much as possible. .
  • FIG. 5 shows the radiation situation of the array antenna 30 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna 30 in the prior art. It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the radiating element 3 of the array antenna in the prior art is arranged on a plane, and the radiating element 3 is arranged in a two-dimensional plane. As shown in FIG. 7 , the beam formed by the radiating element 3 in the prior art, along the horizontal direction, the side lobes are arranged in a symmetrical manner. The side lobes pointing upward are relatively strong, and are likely to cause interference to satellite signals. Referring to FIG.
  • FIG. 8 shows a beam formed by using the array antenna 30 provided in this embodiment of the present application. It can be seen from FIG. 8 that the beam formed by the array antenna 30 provided in the embodiment of the present application does not need to change the amplitude of the signal applied to the radiating element in the embodiment of the present application, only by improving the arrangement of the radiating element and the applied
  • the initial phase of the signal adjusts the beam's pointing, eliminating the need to reduce the signal's amplitude to improve the beam's pointing.
  • the sidelobes pointing in the diagonally upward direction are greatly attenuated, while the sidelobes pointing to the ground are strengthened. Therefore, the interference to the satellite signal is reduced, and the energy of the signal is more increased to the side lobe toward the ground, which improves the communication effect.
  • each column of radiation oscillators includes a first radiation oscillator group 311 , a second radiation oscillator group 312 , a fifth radiation oscillator group, a third radiation oscillator group 313 and a fourth radiation oscillator group 314 .
  • the fifth radiation oscillator group is located between the second radiation oscillator group 312 and the third radiation oscillator group 313 .
  • the center lines of the radiation oscillators of the fifth radiation oscillator group are parallel to the ground.
  • a transitional radiation oscillator group is added between the second radiation oscillator group 312 and the third radiation oscillator group 313 .
  • the side lobes pointing in the oblique upward direction can also be greatly weakened, while the side lobes pointing to the ground are strengthened. Therefore, the interference to the satellite signal is reduced, and the energy of the signal is more increased to the side lobe toward the ground, which improves the communication effect.
  • FIG. 9 shows another arrangement manner of the array antenna 30 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Each column of radiation oscillators shown in FIG. 9 is arranged in a curve, specifically, the radiation oscillators in the first radiation oscillator group 311 and the second radiation oscillator group 312 are arranged in a curve. More specifically, the radiation oscillators in the first radiation oscillator group 311 and the second radiation oscillator group 312 are arranged in a parabola.
  • the included angle between the center line of each radiating element in the first radiating element group 311 and the ground gradually increases.
  • the included angle between the center line of each radiating element in the second radiating element group 312 and the ground gradually increases.
  • the angle between the center line of each radiator in the first radiator group 311 and the ground is greater than the angle between the center line of each radiator in the second radiator group 312 and the ground.
  • the main radiation direction of the radiating oscillator gradually changes from the direction parallel to the ground to the direction pointing to the ground.
  • a plurality of radiation oscillators of the first radiation oscillator group 311 and the second radiation oscillator group 312 form a parabola.
  • the abscissa is the coordinate of the radiation oscillator along the distance from the ground, and the ordinate is the coordinate in the direction of the ground.
  • the focus of the parabola formed by each row of radiating oscillators is f.
  • M is the number of radiation oscillators in each column, and n is a positive integer.
  • Z(n) is the coordinate of the radiation oscillator in the coordinate system shown in FIG. 4 at the reference ground.
  • the side lobes pointing in the oblique upward direction are greatly weakened, and the side lobes pointing to the ground are strengthened. Therefore, the interference to the satellite signal is reduced, and the energy of the signal is more increased to the side lobe toward the ground, which improves the communication effect.
  • FIG. 11 shows another arrangement of radiation oscillators provided by the embodiment of the present application, and only one column of radiation oscillators is illustrated in FIG. 11 .
  • the first radiation oscillator group 311 and the second radiation oscillator group 312 are arranged in the manner of broken lines. In the direction away from the ground, the center line of each radiating element in the first radiating element group 311 has the same angle with the ground.
  • the angle between the center line of each radiation oscillator in the second radiation oscillator group 312 and the ground is the same; and the plurality of radiation oscillators in the first radiation oscillator group 311 and the plurality of radiation oscillators in the second radiation oscillator group 312 form Folded lines are arranged, and the corresponding mounting surface 321 also adopts a folded surface.
  • the arrangement direction of the second radiation element group 312 is a direction perpendicular to the ground, and the arrangement direction of the first radiation element group 311 is arranged in a straight line and is inclined relative to the ground.
  • the array antenna 30 provided in this embodiment of the present application may also adopt a modified structure based on the arrangement shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the arrangement direction of the first radiation vibrator group 311 is inclined relative to the ground, and the second radiation vibrator group 312 may also be arranged in a manner inclined relative to the ground.
  • the inclination direction of the first radiation element group 311 is the same as the inclination direction of the first radiation element group 311 , but the inclination angle is smaller than the inclination angle of the first radiation element group 311 .
  • the angle between the center line of the radiation element in the first radiation element group 311 and the ground is gradually changed.
  • the arrangement direction of the radiation oscillators of the second radiation oscillator group 312 is perpendicular to the ground, and the arrangement direction of the first radiation oscillator group 311 is arranged in an arc shape, and the concave direction faces the ground.
  • the included angle between the center line of the radiation element of the second radiation element group 312 and the ground may be set in a gradual manner.
  • the center line of the radiation oscillator of the first radiation oscillator group 311 is at the same angle with the ground.
  • the side lobes pointing in the oblique upward direction can also be greatly weakened, and the side lobes pointing to the ground are strengthened. Therefore, the interference to the satellite signal is reduced, and the energy of the signal is more increased to the side lobe toward the ground, which improves the communication effect.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a case where a column of radiation elements only includes the first radiation element group and the second radiation element group.
  • the fourth radiation oscillator can be set similarly to the first radiation oscillator group, And the bending direction of the fourth radiation vibrator group is opposite to the bending direction of the first radiation vibrator group.
  • the structures of the third radiation oscillator group and the second radiation oscillator group are similar. The details are not repeated here.
  • the side lobes pointing in the oblique upward direction can also be greatly weakened, while the side lobes pointing to the ground are strengthened. Therefore, the interference to the satellite signal is reduced, and the energy of the signal is more increased to the side lobe toward the ground, which improves the communication effect.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种阵列天线及基站，阵列天线包括阵列排列的多个辐射振子，其中，每列辐射振子包括第一辐射振子组和第二辐射振子组，第一辐射振子组与地面的距离大于所述第二辐射振子组与地面的距离；其中，所述第一辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角大于所述第二辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角。在采用上述结构时，通过采用将部分辐射振子的中心线与阵列天线的地面成角度设置，从而改变了每列辐射振子形成的副瓣的指向方向，降低相对地面斜向上指向的副瓣的能量，从而改善阵列天线与卫星之间的干扰。

Description

一种阵列天线及基站 技术领域
本申请涉及到通信技术领域，尤其涉及到一种阵列天线及基站。
背景技术
目前卫星和基站在无线频谱的利用上是通过频率区分复用的。但是随着基站传输带宽业务的增加，卫星业务走向宽带互联网的发展，当前的频谱已经无法满足需求，频谱上的诉求需要更大的带宽。以前的行业演进是通过卫星退让更多的频谱给基站应用。但目前卫星也没有更多的频谱可以完全的释放，因此行业演进上趋向卫星和基站来共享共用部分相同的频谱。
由于卫星接收频谱和地面基站采用相同的频率，即所谓的频谱共享。如图1所示，地面上基站1的信号会泄露到空中，对卫星2形成干扰。对单一的基站1而言，由于其功率比较小，而且距离卫星2足够的远，所以相对干扰较小。但是由于卫星2覆盖的一定范围内具有数百万计的基站1，那么数百万的基站1产生的干扰能量累加起来，则会对卫星2构成很强的干扰，影响卫星的通信。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种阵列天线及基站，用以减少对卫星通信的影响。
第一方面，提供了一种阵列天线，该阵列天线用于实现无线通信，阵列天线在设置时相对地面固定。下面以地面为参考面描述阵列天线的结构。阵列天线包括阵列排列的多个辐射振子，其中，每列辐射振子包括第一辐射振子组和第二辐射振子组，第一辐射振子组与地面的距离大于所述第二辐射振子组与地面的距离；其中，所述第一辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角大于所述第二辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角。在采用上述结构时，通过采用将部分辐射振子的中心线与阵列天线的地面成角度设置，从而改变了每列辐射振子形成的副瓣的指向方向，降低相对地面斜向上指向的副瓣的能量，从而改善阵列天线与卫星之间的干扰。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，沿远离地面方向，所述第一辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角逐渐增大。通过辐射振子中心线相对基站的地面逐渐倾斜的方式降低相对地面斜向上指向的副瓣的能量，从而改善基站与卫星之间的干扰。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，沿远离地面方向，所述第二辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角逐渐增大。过辐射振子中心线相对基站的地面逐渐倾斜的方式降低相对地面斜向上指向的副瓣的能量，从而改善基站与卫星之间的干扰。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，所述第一辐射振子组和第二辐射振子组中的辐射振子呈曲线排列。通过辐射振子中心线相对地面渐变的方式实现降低相对地面斜向上指向的副瓣的能量，从而改善基站与卫星之间的干扰。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，所述第一辐射振子组和第二辐射振子组中的辐射振子成抛物线排列。通过辐射振子中心线相对地面渐变的方式实现降低相对地面斜向上指向的副瓣的能量，从而改善基站与卫星之间的干扰。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，每列辐射振子还包括第三辐射振子组和第四辐射振子组；其中，所述第四辐射振子组、所述第三辐射振子组、所述第二辐射振子组及所述第一辐射振子组沿远离地面方向排列；所述第四辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角大于所述第三辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角。通过辐射振子中心线相对地面渐变的方式实现降低相对地面斜向上指向的副瓣的能量，从而改善基站与卫星之间的干扰。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，沿远离地面方向，所述第三辐射振子组和所述第四辐射振子中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角逐渐减小。通过辐射振子中心线相对地面渐变的方式实现降低相对地面斜向上指向的副瓣的能量，从而改善基站与卫星之间的干扰。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，所述第四辐射振子组、所述第三辐射振子组、所述第二辐射振子组及所述第一辐射振子组中的辐射振子呈S形排布。通过辐射振子中心线相对地面渐变的方式实现降低相对地面斜向上指向的副瓣的能量，从而改善基站与卫星之间的干扰。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，沿远离地面方向，所述第一辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角相同。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，沿远离地面方向，所述第二辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角相同；且所述第一辐射振子组中的多个辐射振子与所述第二辐射振子组中的多个辐射振子呈折线排布。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，所述多个辐射振子用于发射卫星频段信号。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，所述多个辐射振子的发射频段介于3～40GHz。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，所述阵列天线还包括载体，所述载体具有用于承载所述阵列排列的多个辐射振子的装配面；其中，所述装配面为与每列辐射振子排列方式匹配的曲面或折面。通过载体实现辐射振子的排列形式。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，所述阵列天线为PEP塑料一体成型类的天线结构，或柔性PCB设计的Patch天线。
第二方面，提供了一种基站，该基站包括上述任一项所述的阵列天线以及赋形模块，所述赋形模块与每列辐射振子中的每个辐射振子连接，且所述赋形模块满足：第一辐射振子组中每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位大于第二辐射振子组中每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位。通过采用将部分辐射振子的中心线与地面成角度设置，并通过赋形模块根据辐射振子的位置调整对应的信号的初始相位，从而改变了每列辐射振子形成的副瓣的指向方向，降低相对地面斜向上指向的副瓣的能量，从而改善基站与卫星之间的干扰。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，所述赋形模块包括数字赋形模块，所述数字赋形模块用于调整施加到每列辐射振子的信号的初始相位，所述第一辐射振子组中每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位大于所述第二辐射振子组中每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位。通过数字赋形对每个辐射振子的初始相位调整。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，所述数字赋形模块包括用于确定每个辐射振子的初始相位的数字移相器；以及确定每个辐射振子的幅度的数字乘法器。通过数字赋形对每个辐射振子的初始相位调整。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，所述赋形模块包括模拟赋形模块，所述模拟赋形模块用于调整施加到每列辐射振子的信号的初始相位，所述第一辐射振子组中每个辐射振子的初 始相位大于所述第二辐射振子组中每个辐射振子的初始相位。通过模拟赋形对每个辐射振子的初始相位调整。
在一个具体的可实施方案中，所述赋形模块包括用于确定每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位的移相器，以及用于确定每个辐射振子的信号的幅度的功分器。通过模拟赋形对每个辐射振子的初始相位调整。
附图说明
图1示出现有技术中基站与卫星干扰的场景示意图；
图2示出本申请实施例提供的基站的结构示意图；
图3示出了本申请实施例提供的阵列天线的结构示意图；
图4示出了本申请实施例提供的一列辐射振子的排布示意图；
图5示出了本申请实施例提供的阵列天线的波束示意图；
图6示出了现有技术中的阵列天线的结构示意图；
图7示出了现有技术中的阵列天线的波束示意图；
图8示出了本申请实施例提供的阵列天线的波束示意图；
图9示出了本申请实施例提供的另一种阵列天线的结构示意图；
图10示出了图9所述阵列天线的一列辐射振子的排布示意图；
图11示出了本申请实施例提供的另一种阵列天线的一列辐射振子的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本申请涉及或可能涉及的词语进行解释：
1、至少一个，是指一个，或一个以上，即包括一个、两个、三个及以上；
2、多个，是指两个，或两个以上，即包括两个、三个、四个及以上；
3、连接，是指耦合，包括直接相连或经由其他器件间接相连以实现电连通。
下面结合附图对本发明实施例进行详细说明。首先，介绍本发明实施例提供的阵列天线所应用的场景，之后，介绍本发明实施例提供的阵列天线的具体结构。
本申请实施例提供的阵列天线适用于移动通信系统，这里的移动通信系统，包括但不限于：全球移动通讯(Global System of Mobile communication，GSM)系统、码分多址(Code Division Multiple Access，CDMA)系统、宽带码分多址(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access，WCDMA)系统、通用分组无线业务(General Packet Radio Service，GPRS)、长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)系统、LTE频分双工(Frequency Division Duplex，FDD)系统、LTE时分双工(Time Division Duplex，TDD)、通用移动通信系统(Universal Mobile Telecommunication System，UMTS)、全球互联微波接入(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access，WiMAX)通信系统、未来的第五代(5th Generation，5G)系统或新无线(New Radio，NR)等。
示例性的，本申请实施例提供的阵列天线可以应用于无线网络系统，其中，阵列天线可以应用于基站子系统(Base Station Subsystem，BSS)、陆地无线接入网(UMTS terrestrial radio access network，UTRAN，UMTS，Universal Mobile Telecommunications System，通用移动通信系统)或者演进的陆地无线接入网(Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access， E-UTRAN)，用于进行无线信号的小区覆盖实现移动终端与所述无线网络射频端之间的衔接。
本实施例涉及的阵列天线可以位于无线接入网设备中，实现信号收发。具体来说，无线接入网设备可包括但不限于基站。所述基站可以是GSM或CDMA系统中的基站(Base Transceiver Station，BTS)，也可以是WCDMA系统中的基站(NodeB，NB)，还可以是LTE系统中的演进型基站(Evolutional NodeB，eNB或eNodeB)，还可以是云无线接入网络(Cloud Radio Access Network，CRAN)场景下的无线控制器，或者该基站可以为中继站、接入点、车载设备、可穿戴设备以及未来5G网络中的基站或者未来演进的PLMN网络中的基站等，例如，新无线基站，本申请实施例并不限定。所述基站可以提供无线小区信号覆盖，并以一个或多个小区为终端设备服务。
如图2所示，基站的一种可能的结构可以包括阵列天线30、收发信机(TRX)20和基带处理单元10，其中，TRX与阵列天线30的天线端口连接，从而天线端口可用于接收TRX 20发送的待发送信号到阵列天线30的辐射振子，或将辐射振子接收的接收信号发送至TRX 20。
在实施中，TRX 20可以是射频拉远单元(radio remote unit，RRU)，基带处理单元10可以是基带单元(base band unit，BBU)。
基带单元可用于对待发送的基带光信号进行处理并传输至RRU，或者接收RRU发送的接收基带信号(即信号接收过程中阵列天线30接收的接收射频信号经过RRU的转化处理得到的基带信号)并进行处理；RRU可将BBU发送的待传输的基带信号转换成待发送射频信号，上述转换包括对基带信号进行必要的信号处理，如通过DAC(Digital to analog converter，数字模拟转换器)将数字信号转换成电信号，通过PA(PowerAmplifier，功率放大器)将信号放大等，此后RRU可以将待发送射频信号通过天线端口发送至阵列天线30，使得射频信号通过阵列天线30进行辐射，或者，RRU可以接收阵列天线30发送的接收射频信号，将其转化为接收基带信号并发送至BBU。
本申请实施例提供的阵列天线可以包括辐射振子以及馈电网络，辐射振子用于接收和/或辐射无线电波；馈电网络的一端与辐射振子连接，另一端与RRU连接，以用于对个辐射振子进行馈电，使得辐射振子辐射多个波束，其中不同波束可以覆盖不同的范围。
参考图3，图3示出了本申请实施例提供的阵列天线30的结构示意图。阵列天线30包含载体32以及多个辐射振子，其中，载体32具有用于承载阵列排列的多个辐射振子31的装配面321，辐射振子31呈阵列方式排布设置在载体32的装配面321。示例性的，阵列天线30可以是PEP塑料一体成型类的天线结构，也可以是柔性PCB设计的Patch天线。其中，载体32即为PEP材料或柔性PCB。阵列天线30主要应用的频段是3～40GHz以内的范围。示例性的，阵列天线30的频段可以为C band(4～6GHz)和Ku band(12～18GHz)。
为方便理解本申请实施例提供的辐射振子的排布方式，建立XYZ坐标系作为参考坐标系。其中，OX、OY、OZ相互垂直，且OX、OY、OZ分别平行于承载辐射振子31的载体32的三条侧边。其中，YZ面即为地面，地面作为参考面。
本申请实施例提供的辐射振子在XY平面上的投影成阵列排列。多个辐射振子31沿OX方向排列形成一列辐射振子310，多个辐射振子31沿OY方向排列形成一行辐射振子。如图3中所示的虚线框包含的多辐射振子即可一列辐射振子。另外，本申请实施例提供的装配面321为曲面，因此在XZ平面上行每列辐射振子310呈曲线的方式排布。由上述描 述可看出，本申请实施例提供的辐射振子可看做是阵列排列，且由于装配面321在Z方向的起伏，使得阵列排列的辐射振子在OZ方向呈曲线排布。
在本申请实施例中，每列辐射振子310沿OZ方向的起伏方式相同，因此以一列辐射振子310为例说明本申请实施例提供的阵列天线30的排布方式。在本申请实施例中，每列辐射振子310在XZ面呈S形排布。为方便描述每列辐射振子310的排布方式，将每列辐射振子310划分为多组辐射振子组，每个辐射振子组中包含有多个沿X方向排列的辐射振子。示例性的，每列辐射振子组包括第一辐射振子组311、第二辐射振子组312、第三辐射振子组313、第四辐射振子组314。第一辐射振子组311、第二辐射振子组312、第三辐射振子组313及第四辐射振子组314沿远离地面的方向排列(X方向)，第一辐射振子组311位于最远端，第四辐射振子组314位于最近端。且第一辐射振子组311与地面的距离大于第二辐射振子组312与地面的距离；第三辐射振子组313与地面的距离大于第四辐射振子组314与地面的距离。
参考图4，图4示出了一列辐射振子的排布方式，以第二辐射振子组312和第三辐射振子组313之间分界点，建立坐标系，水平方向为X方向，可等效为图3中所示的X方向。竖直方向为参考地方向，可等效为图3中的Z方向。第一辐射振子组311和第二辐射振子组312呈曲线排列，具体为抛物线排列。如图4中所示的每个圆点代表一个辐射振子，每个圆点上的带箭头的直线即为辐射振子的主辐射方向，也为辐射振子的中心线。每个辐射振子的中心线指代的是，穿过该辐射振子的中心，且垂直于辐射振子所在的装配面321的切线。
参考图4中所示的带箭头的直线的指向方向可看出，沿远离地面方向，第一辐射振子组311中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角逐渐增大。且沿远离地面方向，第二辐射振子组312中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角逐渐增大。另外，按照组划分的情况，第一辐射振子组311中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角大于第二辐射振子组312中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角。从而形成沿远离地面的方向，辐射振子的主辐射方向逐渐由平行于地面的方向朝向指向地面的方向渐变。第一辐射振子组311和第二辐射振子组312的多个辐射振子组成抛物线。形成的抛物线的焦点为f1。第一辐射振子组311和第二辐射振子组312中的辐射振子满足：Z(n)＝4*f1*x(n)^2；(n＝1～M/2)。其中，M为每列辐射振子的个数，n为正整数。Z(n)为辐射振子在图4所示坐标系中的在参考地方向坐标。X(n)为辐射振子在图4所示坐标系中的X方向坐标。
同理，沿远离地面方向，第四辐射振子组314中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角逐渐增大。且沿远离地面方向，第三辐射振子组313中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角逐渐增大。另外，按照组划分的情况，第四辐射振子组314中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角大于第三辐射振子组313中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角。从而形成沿远离地面的方向，辐射振子的主辐射方向逐渐由相对地面斜向下的方向朝向平行于地面的方向渐变。第四辐射振子组314和第三辐射振子组313的多个辐射振子组成抛物线。形成的抛物线的焦点为f2。第三辐射振子组313和第四辐射振子组314中的辐射振子满足：Z(n)＝4*f2*x(n)^2；(n＝M/2+1～M)。
参考图4中所示的结构，第一辐射振子组311和第二辐射振子组312形成的抛物线的凹陷方向，与第三辐射振子组313和第四辐射振子组314形成的抛物线的凹陷方向相反，且f2＝f1。但应理解，在上述实施例中以M/2为中介点进行了划分，但是在本申请实施例 中并不具体限定划分的位置，可以根据设计进行更改，只需保证每列辐射振子形成S形的排布即可。
在发射信号时，RRU对每列辐射振子的对应的信号进行相位调整，从而构造出不同的抑制加权效果。其中，RRU中包含赋形模块，赋形模块用于与每列辐射振子中的每个辐射振子连接。在对每列辐射振子进行相位调整时，赋形模块满足：第一辐射振子组311中每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位大于第二辐射振子组312中每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位。第一辐射振子组311、第二辐射振子组312、第三辐射振子组313和第四辐射振子组314的排布方式以图4所示的坐标系为例。其中，第一辐射振子组311和第二辐射振子组312施加的相位调整满足：θ(n)＝4*f1*x(n)^2/λ*π。θ(n)为施加到每个辐射振子上的初始相位。第一辐射振子组311和第二辐射振子组312施加的相位调整满足：θ(n)＝4*f2*x(n)^2/λ*π。
在具体给每个辐射振子赋形时，可采用数字赋形或模拟赋形，或者同时采用数字赋形和模拟赋形。下面逐一进行说明。作为一个可选的方案，赋形模块包括数字赋形模块，数字赋形模块用于调整施加到每列辐射振子的信号的初始相位，第一辐射振子组311中每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位大于第二辐射振子组312中每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位。更具体的，数字赋形模块可包括用于确定每个辐射振子的初始相位的数字移相器，通过数字移相器可实现调整施加给每个辐射振子的数字信号的初始相位。另外，数字赋形模块还可包括确定每个辐射振子的幅度的数字乘法器。通过数字乘法器可调整施加到每个辐射振子的数字信号的幅度。从而调整形成的波束的副瓣的形状。
作为一个可选的方案，赋形模块包括模拟赋形模块，以通过模拟赋形模块调整施加到辐射振子的信号的初始相位。在使用时，模拟赋形模块用于调整施加到每列辐射振子的信号的初始相位，第一辐射振子组311中每个辐射振子的初始相位大于第二辐射振子组312中每个辐射振子的初始相位。具体的，赋形模块包括用于确定每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位的移相器，如移相器可以为微带线或者直导线，或者其他可以实现移相的结构。模拟赋形模块还可包括用于确定每个辐射振子的信号的幅度的功分器。通过功分器可调整施加到每个辐射振子的信号的幅度，从而调整形成的波束的副瓣的形状。
本申请实施例提供的天线阵列主要聚焦的频段是C band(4～6GHz)和Ku band(12～18GHz)，在这一段频谱内，考虑基站和卫星的共存应用，考虑的卫星主要以同步轨道卫星为主，其它的低轨卫星也可以对一定角度的轨道降低干扰。因为卫星和基站共存干扰的一个特征就是卫星都是处于基站的正上方的，所以只有发向这个方向(斜向上方向)的信号才有可能指向卫星，所以要想办法尽量降低这些方向上的信号。参考图5，图5示出了本申请实施例提供的阵列天线30的辐射情况。由图5可看出，波束的指向方向朝向地面。且朝向斜向上的副瓣被大幅度压缩，而朝向地面的副瓣被加强。通过降低朝向斜向上方向的副瓣，极大的降低了对卫星的干扰。
下面将本申请实施例提供的阵列天线30与现有技术中的阵列天线30进行对比，以进一步说明本申请实施例提供的阵列天线30的效果。如图6所示，图6示出了现有技术中的阵列天线30的结构示意图。由图6可看出，现有技术中阵列天线的辐射振子3设置在一平面上，辐射振子3呈二维的平面方式设置。现有技术中的辐射振子3形成的波束如图7所示，沿水平方向，副瓣呈对称方式排布。指向上方的副瓣的强度比较大，容易对卫星信号造成干扰。参考图8，图8示出了在采用本申请实施例提供的阵列天线30形成的波束。由图8可看出，本申请实施例提供的阵列天线30形成的波束，在本申请实施例中无需改 变施加到辐射振子的信号的幅度，仅通过改善辐射振子的排布方式，以及施加的信号的初始相位即可调整波束的指向，从而无需通过降低信号的幅度来改善波束指向。参考图8所示的波束，指向斜向上方向的副瓣被大幅度削弱，而指向地面的副瓣的被加强。从而降低对卫星信号的干扰，并且将信号的能量更多的增加到朝向地面的副瓣，提高了通信的效果。
本申请实施例提供的阵列天线30的辐射振子的排布方式还可采用基于图3所示天线的变形形式。如每列辐射振子包含第一辐射振子组311、第二辐射振子组312、第五辐射振子组、第三辐射振子组313和第四辐射振子组314。第五辐射振子组位于第二辐射振子组312和第三辐射振子组313之间。且第五辐射振子组的辐射振子的中心线平行于地面。即在第二辐射振子组312合第三辐射振子组313之间增加了一段过渡的辐射振子组。在采用上述结构时，同样可实现指向斜向上方向的副瓣被大幅度削弱，而指向地面的副瓣的被加强。从而降低对卫星信号的干扰，并且将信号的能量更多的增加到朝向地面的副瓣，提高了通信的效果。
参考图9，图9示出了本申请实施例提供的另一种阵列天线30的排列方式。图9所示的每列辐射振子呈曲线排列，具体为第一辐射振子组311和第二辐射振子组312中的辐射振子呈曲线排列。更具体的，第一辐射振子组311和第二辐射振子组312中的辐射振子成抛物线排列。沿远离地面方向，第一辐射振子组311中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角逐渐增大。且沿远离地面方向，第二辐射振子组312中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角逐渐增大。另外，按照组划分的情况，第一辐射振子组311中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角大于第二辐射振子组312中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角。从而形成沿远离地面的方向，辐射振子的主辐射方向逐渐由平行于地面的方向朝向指向地面的方向渐变。第一辐射振子组311和第二辐射振子组312的多个辐射振子组成抛物线。如图10所示，横坐标为辐射振子沿远离地面的坐标，纵坐标为地面方向的坐标。每列辐射振子组形成的抛物线的焦点为f。第一辐射振子组311和第二辐射振子组312中的辐射振子满足：Z(n)＝4*f*x(n)^2；(n＝1～M)。其中，M为每列辐射振子的个数，n为正整数。Z(n)为辐射振子在图4所示坐标系中的在参考地方向坐标。
在采用上述结构时，指向斜向上方向的副瓣被大幅度削弱，而指向地面的副瓣的被加强。从而降低对卫星信号的干扰，并且将信号的能量更多的增加到朝向地面的副瓣，提高了通信的效果。
参考图11，图11示出了本申请实施例提供的另一种辐射振子的排布方式，在图11中仅示例出了一列辐射振子。其中，第一辐射振子组311和第二辐射振子组312采用折线的方式排布。沿远离地面方向，第一辐射振子组311中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角相同。且第二辐射振子组312中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角相同；且第一辐射振子组311中的多个辐射振子与第二辐射振子组312中的多个辐射振子呈折线排布，对应的装配面321也采用折面。
在图11中第二辐射振子组312的排列方向为垂直地面的方向，第一辐射振子组311的排列方向呈直线排布，且相对地面倾斜。但是本申请实施例提供的阵列天线30同样可采用基于图11所示的排布方式的变形结构。
示例性的，第一辐射振子组311的排布方向相对地面倾斜，第二辐射振子组312也可采用相对地面倾斜的方式设置。其中第一辐射振子组311排列时的倾斜方向与第一辐射振子组311的倾斜方向相同，但是倾斜角度小于第一辐射振子组311的倾斜角度。
示例性的，第一辐射振子组311中的辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角逐渐渐变的方式设置。此时，第二辐射振子组312的辐射振子的排列方向垂直于地面，第一辐射振子组311的排列方向呈弧形排布，且内凹方向朝向地面。
示例性的，第二辐射振子组312的辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角可采用渐变的方式设置。第一辐射振子组311的辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角相同。
在采用图11所示的结构及其对应的变形结构时，同样可实现指向斜向上方向的副瓣被大幅度削弱，而指向地面的副瓣的被加强。从而降低对卫星信号的干扰，并且将信号的能量更多的增加到朝向地面的副瓣，提高了通信的效果。
图11中示例了一列辐射振子仅包含第一辐射振子组和第二辐射振子组的情况。在每列辐射振子组包含第一辐射振子组、第二辐射振子组、第三辐射振子组和第四辐射振子组的情况时，第四辐射振子可采用类似第一辐射振子组的情况设置，且第四辐射振子组的折弯方向与第一辐射振子组的折弯方向相反。第三辐射振子组和第二辐射振子组的结构相类似。在此不再详细赘述。在采用上述结构时，同样可实现指向斜向上方向的副瓣被大幅度削弱，而指向地面的副瓣的被加强。从而降低对卫星信号的干扰，并且将信号的能量更多的增加到朝向地面的副瓣，提高了通信的效果。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种阵列天线，其特征在于，包括：阵列排列的多个辐射振子，每列辐射振子包括第一辐射振子组和第二辐射振子组，第一辐射振子组与地面的距离大于所述第二辐射振子组与地面的距离；其中，所述第一辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角大于所述第二辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，沿远离地面方向，所述第一辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角逐渐增大。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，沿远离地面方向，所述第二辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角逐渐增大。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述第一辐射振子组和第二辐射振子组中的辐射振子呈曲线排列。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述第一辐射振子组和第二辐射振子组中的辐射振子成抛物线排列。
  6. 如权利要求1～5任一项所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，每列辐射振子还包括第三辐射振子组和第四辐射振子组；其中，所述第四辐射振子组、所述第三辐射振子组、所述第二辐射振子组及所述第一辐射振子组沿远离地面方向排列；所述第四辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角大于所述第三辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，沿远离地面方向，所述第三辐射振子组和所述第四辐射振子中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角逐渐减小。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述第四辐射振子组、所述第三辐射振子组、所述第二辐射振子组及所述第一辐射振子组中的辐射振子呈S形排布。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，沿远离地面方向，所述第一辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角相同。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，沿远离地面方向，所述第二辐射振子组中的每个辐射振子的中心线与地面的夹角相同；且所述第一辐射振子组中的多个辐射振子与所述第二辐射振子组中的多个辐射振子呈折线排布。
  11. 如权利要求1～10任一项所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述阵列天线还包括载体，所述载体具有用于承载所述阵列排列的多个辐射振子的装配面；其中，
    所述装配面为与每列辐射振子排列方式匹配的曲面或折面。
  12. 如权利要求1～11任一项所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述多个辐射振子用于发射卫星频段信号。
  13. 一种基站，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1～12任一项所述的阵列天线以及赋形模块，所述赋形模块与每列辐射振子中的每个辐射振子连接，且所述赋形模块满足：第一辐射振子组中每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位大于第二辐射振子组中每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的基站，其特征在于，所述赋形模块包括数字赋形模块，所述数字赋形模块用于调整施加到每列辐射振子的信号的初始相位，所述第一辐射振子组中每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位大于所述第二辐射振子组中每个辐射振子的信号的初始 相位。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的基站，其特征在于，所述数字赋形模块包括用于确定每个辐射振子的初始相位的数字移相器；以及确定每个辐射振子的幅度的数字乘法器。
  16. 如权利要求13～15任一项所述的基站，其特征在于，所述赋形模块包括模拟赋形模块，所述模拟赋形模块用于调整施加到每列辐射振子的信号的初始相位，所述第一辐射振子组中每个辐射振子的初始相位大于所述第二辐射振子组中每个辐射振子的初始相位。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的基站，其特征在于，所述赋形模块包括用于确定每个辐射振子的信号的初始相位的移相器，以及用于确定每个辐射振子的信号的幅度的功分器。
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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101826662A (zh) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-08 日立电线株式会社 移动通信用基站天线
JP2016092726A (ja) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-23 株式会社東芝 アンテナ装置
CN106129638A (zh) * 2016-07-21 2016-11-16 华为技术有限公司 天线和基站
US20180097558A1 (en) * 2016-05-04 2018-04-05 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Beam forming using an antenna arrangement
WO2019225141A1 (ja) * 2018-05-25 2019-11-28 株式会社フジクラ アンテナ
CN111769372A (zh) * 2019-10-22 2020-10-13 华为技术有限公司 天线组件和无线设备

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101826662A (zh) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-08 日立电线株式会社 移动通信用基站天线
JP2016092726A (ja) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-23 株式会社東芝 アンテナ装置
US20180097558A1 (en) * 2016-05-04 2018-04-05 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Beam forming using an antenna arrangement
CN106129638A (zh) * 2016-07-21 2016-11-16 华为技术有限公司 天线和基站
WO2019225141A1 (ja) * 2018-05-25 2019-11-28 株式会社フジクラ アンテナ
CN111769372A (zh) * 2019-10-22 2020-10-13 华为技术有限公司 天线组件和无线设备

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