WO2023087899A1 - 一种天线和通信设备 - Google Patents

一种天线和通信设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023087899A1
WO2023087899A1 PCT/CN2022/120215 CN2022120215W WO2023087899A1 WO 2023087899 A1 WO2023087899 A1 WO 2023087899A1 CN 2022120215 W CN2022120215 W CN 2022120215W WO 2023087899 A1 WO2023087899 A1 WO 2023087899A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
fixing frame
feed
radiation unit
antenna according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/120215
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
康伟
李超超
徐春亮
周杰君
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2023087899A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023087899A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of communication, and in particular to an antenna and a communication device.
  • Antennas are widely used in various types of communication devices for transmitting or receiving wireless signals.
  • the antenna can be installed on the signal tower (or pole) of the base station, so as to improve the signal transceiving capability and signal coverage of the antenna.
  • the weight of the antenna determines the ease of installation on the tower (or pole). Specifically, the lighter the weight of the antenna, the easier it is to install on the tower; the heavier the weight of the antenna, the harder it is to install it.
  • a large number of cables and soldering connections are used. Therefore, the number of cables and solders used will increase, which is not conducive to reducing the weight of the antenna.
  • the present application provides an antenna and a communication device capable of simplifying material consumption and overall weight and improving performance.
  • the present application provides an antenna, including a reflector, a fixing frame, a feeding network, and a radiation unit.
  • the reflective plate has a reflective surface; the fixed frame is arranged on one side of the reflective surface, and the fixed frame and the reflective surface form a cavity open toward the first direction.
  • the feeding network is arranged in the cavity, the feeding network has a feeding point, and the projection of the feeding point is located in the opening.
  • the radiation unit is arranged on the one side of the reflective surface, that is, the fixing frame and the reflective surface are located on the same side of the reflective surface. Wherein, the projection of the radiation unit on the fixing frame is located in the opening, and the radiation unit is coupled with the feeding point.
  • the feeding network and the radiating unit are arranged on the same side of the reflecting surface, so that the feeding network and the radiating unit can be fed through coupling.
  • an open (or semi-open) cavity can be formed together with the reflective surface, so as to provide accommodation space for the feeding network.
  • the feeding point of the feeding network and the projection of the radiating unit are all located in the opening, so the coupling between the feeding network and the radiating unit can be realized.
  • the feed network and the radiation unit are arranged on the same side of the reflective surface, so the feed network can feed the radiation unit through coupling, thereby avoiding the use of Extra cables.
  • the amount of material used and the overall weight of the antenna can be simplified.
  • the cable is omitted, or the feeding network is coupled with the radiating unit, the use of welding, screw connection or rivet connection can be avoided, and the introduction of additional network loss and passive intermodulation can be avoided. Deterioration is beneficial to improve the communication quality of the antenna.
  • the feed network is arranged on the reflective surface of the reflective plate, more antennas for realizing other functions can be provided on the back of the reflective plate (the surface facing away from the reflective surface). Devices, which help to improve the functionality and functional density of the antenna.
  • the feed network can be fixedly connected to the fixing frame, so that the feed network can be stably fixed in the cavity.
  • the feeding network is arranged in the cavity means that the main part of the feeding network is located in the cavity.
  • the feeding point of the feeding network since the radiation unit needs to be fed, the feeding point can protrude from the cavity so as to feed the radiation unit.
  • the feed point can protrude from the cavity, or can be located in the cavity and within the projected range of the opening.
  • the fixed connection between the feed network and the fixed frame may include that the feed network is fixedly connected with the fixed frame through an insulating connector, so that the conductive connection between the feed network and the fixed frame can be avoided.
  • the projected overlapping size of the feed point and the radiating unit can be greater than or equal to 1/8 of the working wavelength of the radiating unit, and less than or equal to 1/2 of the working wavelength of the radiating unit, so that the feed The point can effectively feed the radiating element.
  • the working wavelength of the radiation unit refers to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiation unit.
  • the radiation unit When arranging the radiation unit, the radiation unit can be stacked and arranged outside the opening.
  • the projection of the radiating element is located within the opening.
  • the projection of at least a part of the radiating element is within the opening.
  • the entire projection of the radiating element lies within the opening.
  • the feeder network may include a feeder stripline, and one end of the feeder stripline may protrude from the opening.
  • the feeding point may be located at the end protruding from the opening.
  • the feeding stripline may be a microstrip line.
  • the fixing frame can be made of conductive materials.
  • the electromagnetic signal generated may affect the normal operation of the radiation unit. Therefore, after the fixing frame is made of conductive material, it can play an electromagnetic shielding role for the feed network to prevent the feed Electromagnetic signals generated by the network cause undesirable interference to the radiating unit.
  • the structure and composition of the fixing frame can be varied, several examples can be as follows:
  • the fixing frame may include a first frame body and a second frame body, and the first frame body and the second frame body are spaced apart and arranged in parallel.
  • the first frame body, the second frame body and the reflective surface constitute the cavity; the gap between the first frame body and the second frame body constitutes an opening.
  • first frame body and the second frame body can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, so that the size of the cavity and the opening can be changed.
  • first frame body and the second frame body may also be arranged at an angle instead of being parallel. This application is not limited to this.
  • the number of radiating units may be multiple, and correspondingly, the number of feeding points included in the feeding network may also be multiple, and each radiating unit is coupled to a corresponding feeding point.
  • multiple feed points can be set in the feed network, and each feed point can be coupled with the corresponding radiating unit for feeding, that is to say, the radiating unit and the feeding point can be one-to-one set, or one-to-many set.
  • the feed network can have a suspended strip line, the suspended strip line is arranged in the cavity, and there is a gap between the suspended strip line and the inner wall of the cavity, so that the suspended strip line can be prevented from contacting the cavity. Conductive contact with the inner wall of the body.
  • the feed network can have a dielectric phase shifter; the dielectric phase shifter includes a first sliding medium and a second sliding medium, the first sliding medium and the second sliding medium can be arranged on both sides of the suspension strip line, and are connected with the suspension strip line Wire slide connection.
  • the fixing frame may be fixedly connected to the reflection plate through a conductive connector. Therefore, a fixed connection and a conductive connection between the fixing frame and the reflector can be realized.
  • the fixing frame may also be fixedly connected to the reflector through an insulating connector. The weight of the antenna can be advantageously reduced by insulating the connector.
  • the electrical connection between the fixing frame and the reflection plate can also be realized through coupling.
  • the antenna may further include a radome, and the reflector, the fixing frame, the feeding network and the radiation unit may all be located in the radome.
  • the radome Through the radome, it can provide effective protection for the reflector, the fixed frame, the feed network and the radiating unit, and at the same time, it will not affect the electromagnetic signal sent by the radiating unit to the outside world, or the external electromagnetic signal can also pass through the radome received by the radiating element.
  • the present application also provides a communication device, including any antenna mentioned above.
  • the communication device may be a base station, a radar, etc., and this application does not limit the type of the communication device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a top view of another fixing frame and a reflecting plate provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a top view of another fixing frame and reflector provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a top view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 11 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a feed network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antennas provided in the embodiments of the present application may be applied in communication devices such as base stations and radars to implement wireless communication functions.
  • the application scenario may include a base station and a terminal. Wireless communication can be realized between the base station and the terminal.
  • the base station may be located in a base station subsystem (base bastion subsystem, BBS), a terrestrial radio access network (UMTS terrestrial radio access network, UTRAN) or an evolved terrestrial radio access network (evolved universal terrestrial radio access, E-UTRAN), Cell coverage for wireless signals to enable communication between terminal equipment and wireless networks.
  • BBS base bastion subsystem
  • UMTS terrestrial radio access network UTRAN
  • E-UTRAN evolved terrestrial radio access network
  • the base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a global system for mobile communication (GSM) or (code division multiple access, CDMA) system, or a wideband code division multiple access (CDMA) system.
  • BTS base transceiver station
  • GSM global system for mobile communication
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • CDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • address (wideband code division multiple access, WCDMA) system Node B (NodeB, NB) can also be long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) evolution type Node B (eNB or eNodeB) system, or It may be a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (cloud radio access network, CRAN) scenario.
  • LTE long term evolution
  • eNB evolution type Node B
  • CRAN cloud radio access network
  • the base station can also be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, and a g-node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system or a base station in a future evolved network. Examples are not limited.
  • a base station provided in an embodiment of the present application includes a base station antenna feeder system.
  • the base station antenna feeder system mainly includes an antenna 10, a feeder 02, a grounding device 03, and the like.
  • the antenna 10 is generally fixed on the pole 04 , and the downtilt angle of the antenna 10 can be adjusted through the antenna adjustment bracket 05 , so as to adjust the signal coverage of the antenna 10 to a certain extent.
  • the base station may further include a radio frequency processing unit 06 and a baseband processing unit 20 .
  • the radio frequency processing unit 06 can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna 10, and convert it into an intermediate frequency signal or a baseband signal and send it to the baseband processing unit 20, or the radio frequency processing unit 06 can be used to convert The intermediate frequency signal sent by the baseband processing unit 20 is converted into a wireless signal through the antenna 10 and sent out after up-conversion and amplification processing.
  • the baseband processing unit 20 can be connected to the feeding network of the antenna 10 through the radio frequency processing unit 06 .
  • the radio frequency processing unit 06 may also be called a remote radio unit (remote radio unit, RRU), and the baseband processing unit 20 may also be called a baseband unit (BBU).
  • RRU remote radio unit
  • BBU baseband unit
  • the radio frequency processing unit 06 can be integrated with the antenna 10, and the baseband processing unit 20 is located at the far end of the antenna 10, and the radio frequency processing unit 06 and the baseband processing unit 20 can be connected through a feeder 02 connection.
  • the radio frequency processing unit 06 and the baseband processing unit 20 may also be located at the far end of the antenna 10 at the same time.
  • the antenna 10 applied in the base station may also include a radome 100, a reflector 11 and a feeding network 12 inside the radome 100, where the reflector 11 may also be called a bottom plate.
  • the main function of the feeding network 12 is to feed the signal to the radiation unit 13 according to a certain amplitude and phase, or to send the wireless signal received by the radiation unit 13 to the baseband processing unit 20 of the base station according to a certain amplitude and phase.
  • the feed network 12 may include at least one of devices such as a phase shifter, a combiner, a transmission or calibration network, or a filter. And the functions that can be realized are not limited.
  • the above-mentioned antenna 10 can also be applied to various other types of communication devices, and this application does not limit the application scenarios of the antenna 10 .
  • the radome 100 in terms of electrical performance, the radome 100 has good electromagnetic wave penetration, so that it will not affect the normal transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals between the radiation unit 13 and the outside world. In terms of mechanical properties, the radome 100 has good performances such as force resistance and oxidation resistance, so that it can withstand the erosion of the harsh external environment.
  • the radiating unit 13 can also be called an antenna element, which is a unit constituting the basic structure of the antenna, which can effectively transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. Multiple radiating units 13 can also be used in an array. In specific applications, antenna elements can be divided into single-polarization and dual-polarization types. During specific configuration, the type of antenna dipole can be reasonably selected according to actual requirements.
  • the reflective plate 11 generally has a reflective surface (the upper surface in the figure) and a back surface (the lower surface in the figure).
  • the radiation unit 13 is usually installed on one side of the reflection surface of the reflector 11, and the feed network 12 is installed on the back side, and the feed network 12 and the radiation unit 13 are connected by a cable 01 (such as a coaxial cable) for feeding.
  • a cable 01 such as a coaxial cable
  • the arrangement of the cable 01 not only increases the material cost and weight of the antenna 10, but also requires installation and connection of the cable 01, thus increasing the assembly time and reducing the production efficiency.
  • the cable 01 is connected to the radiating unit 13 and the feed network 12, it is usually welded or screwed. This connection method will introduce network insertion loss, therefore, it is not conducive to ensuring the working performance of the antenna 10 .
  • the antenna 10 includes multiple radiation units 13, the hidden danger of passive intermodulation will also be increased.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna that can reduce the amount of materials used and the overall weight, and is beneficial to improve performance.
  • the antenna 10 may include a reflector 11 , a fixing frame 14 , a feeding network 12 and a radiation unit 13 .
  • the reflective plate 11 has a reflective surface (upper surface in the figure).
  • the fixing frame 14 is disposed on one side of the reflecting surface, and the fixing frame 14 and the reflecting surface form a cavity 140 that is open toward the first direction.
  • the feeding network 12 is arranged in the cavity 140, the feeding network 12 has a feeding point 120, and the projection of the feeding point 120 is located in the opening.
  • the radiation unit 13 is also arranged on one side of the reflective surface, wherein the projection of the radiation unit 13 on the fixing frame 14 is located in the opening, and the radiation unit 13 is coupled to the feeding point 120 .
  • the connection between the feed network 12 and the radiation unit 13 can be carried out through coupling. feed.
  • the fixing frame 14 can form an open (or semi-open) cavity 140 together with the reflective surface, so as to provide a space for the feeding network 12 to accommodate.
  • the feeding point 120 of the feeding network 12 and the projection of the radiating unit 13 are all located in the opening, so the coupling between the feeding network 12 and the radiating unit 13 can be realized.
  • the feed network 12 and the radiation unit 13 are arranged on the same side of the reflective surface of the reflector 11, and the feed network 12 can couple to the radiation unit 13 Feed, thus avoiding the use of additional cables. Therefore, the amount of material used and the overall weight of the antenna 10 can be simplified.
  • cables are omitted, or the feeding network 12 and the radiating unit 13 are coupled and fed, it is possible to avoid using connection methods such as welding, screw connection or rivet connection, which can avoid introducing additional network loss and avoid passive interconnection. The deterioration of the tone is beneficial to improve the communication quality of the antenna 10.
  • the projection of the feeding point 120 is located in the opening, which means that the feeding point 120 may be located in the cavity 140 and the projection of the feeding point 120 is located in the opening. Alternatively, the feeding point 120 may protrude from the cavity 140 through the opening, and the projection of the feeding point 120 is located in the opening.
  • the projection of the radiation unit 13 is located in the opening, which means that the projection of at least a part of the radiation unit 13 is in the opening. Alternatively, the entire projection of the radiation unit 13 lies within the opening.
  • the radiation units 13 can be stacked and arranged outside the opening.
  • the radiation unit 13 can be fixed on the reflection plate 11 and arranged directly above the opening.
  • the projected size of the feed point 120 and the radiation unit 13 may be greater than or equal to 1/8 of the working wavelength of the radiation unit 13, and less than or equal to 1/2 of the working wavelength of the radiation unit 13, So that the feeding point 120 can effectively feed the radiation unit 13 .
  • the working wavelength of the radiation unit 13 refers to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiation unit 13 .
  • passive intermodulation is also called passive intermodulation, intermodulation distortion, etc. It means that when two or more different frequency signals are mixed together in a nonlinear device, spurious signals are generated. When the stray signal falls within the receiving frequency band of the radiation unit 13, it will cause interference to the receiving of the signal and reduce the communication quality of the system.
  • the causes of passive intermodulation are complex. For example, passive intermodulation can occur at any junction or interface of two dissimilar metals. For example, at a solder joint, the connection between solder and a cable or other conductive structure. Or, where the screw connects to the cable. Therefore, when the above-mentioned connection methods such as welding, screw connection or rivet connection are used in the antenna 10, passive intermodulation will inevitably be caused, thereby affecting the communication quality of the antenna 10.
  • the feeding network 12 and the radiating unit 13 are fed in a coupling manner, so that the feeding can be effectively avoided by using cables, welding or connectors (such as screws). Feed between network 12 and radiating elements 13 . Therefore, the material consumption of the antenna 10 can be effectively reduced, and zero welding can be easily realized. It is beneficial to ensure the communication quality of the antenna 10 .
  • the feed network 12 is arranged on the reflective surface of the reflector 11, more devices for realizing other functions can be arranged on the back of the reflector 11, thereby having It is beneficial to improve the functionality and functional density of the antenna 10 .
  • the fixing frame 14 can be made of conductive material, so that it can play an electromagnetic shielding role for the feeding network 12, so as to prevent the interference signal generated by the feeding network 12 from affecting the radiating unit 13, which is beneficial to ensure that the radiating unit 13 for normal working performance.
  • the fixing frame 14 can be made of conductive materials such as aluminum or copper.
  • the fixing frame 14 may also be made of insulating materials such as polyimide or nylon, so that the material cost of the fixing frame 14 can be effectively reduced.
  • the fixing frame 14 can also be made of a material with a lower density to reduce weight.
  • a layer of conductive material can be made on the surface of the fixing frame 14, so as to improve the electromagnetic shielding performance.
  • the conductive material formed on the surface of the fixing frame 14 can be produced by chemical vapor deposition or electroplating, and the application does not limit the specific material and preparation process of the conductive material formed on the surface of the fixing frame 14 .
  • the fixed connection between the fixing frame 14 and the reflection plate 11 can be made through a conductive connecting piece, or can be fixedly connected through an insulating connecting piece.
  • the fixing frame 14 and the reflecting plate 11 may be fixedly connected by connecting members such as screws or rivets made of metal materials.
  • the fixed connection and electrical connection between the fixing frame 14 and the reflection plate 11 can be realized by welding.
  • the fixing frame 14 and the reflecting plate 11 may be fixedly connected by connecting members such as screws made of insulating materials such as nylon or polyimide.
  • the fixing frame 14 and the emitting board may also be fixedly connected by bonding.
  • the fixed connection between the fixing bracket 14 and the reflector 11 can be realized by using lighter materials, so as to reduce the overall weight of the antenna 10 .
  • the electrical connection between the fixing frame 14 and the reflection plate 11 can be realized through coupling.
  • the fixing frame 14 may be connected to the reflection plate 11 through a separate cable, so as to realize the grounding of the fixing frame 14 .
  • at least one conductive connecting piece may be used, so as to realize the electrical connection between the fixing frame 14 and the reflecting plate 11 .
  • the shape and structure of the fixing frame 14 can be varied.
  • the fixing frame 14 includes two frame bodies, namely a first frame body 141 and a second frame body 142 .
  • first frame body 141 and the second frame body 142 may both be elongated structures.
  • the first frame body 141 and the second frame body 142 are arranged parallel to each other, and the first frame body 141, the second frame body 142 and the reflecting surface together form the cavity body 140; wherein, between the first frame body 141 and the second frame body 142
  • the gap (or distance) constitutes the opening.
  • the shapes of the first frame body 141 may be varied.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the first frame body 141 is roughly L-shaped.
  • a vertical segment 1411 and a horizontal segment 1412 are included.
  • one end of the vertical section (the lower end in the figure) is set towards the reflective surface, and there is a gap between the horizontal section and the reflective surface, and the gap can constitute a part of the cavity 140 .
  • the first frame body 141 and the second frame body 142 may have approximately the same structure, and the first frame body 141 and the second frame body 142 are arranged mirror-symmetrically.
  • the distance between the first frame body 141 and the second frame body 142 can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, so that the size of the cavity 140 and the opening can be changed.
  • the first frame body 141 and the second frame body 142 may also be arranged at an angle instead of parallel.
  • the fixing frame 14 may also include more frame bodies.
  • the cavity 140 can also be composed of more frames.
  • the fixing frame 14 can also be a single structure.
  • the fixing frame 14 may be a ring structure. For its cross section, it may be L-shaped as shown in FIG. 7 , or other shapes are also possible, and the present application does not limit the cross-sectional shape of the fixing frame 14 .
  • the fixing frame 14 may also be a U-shaped structure as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the fixing frame 14 may also be a rectangular frame structure.
  • the right side can be set in a closed shape to form a rectangular frame structure.
  • the fixing frame 14 may also have other shapes and structures, which is not limited in this application.
  • the fixing frame 14 may separately form an open cavity 140 structure.
  • the fixing frame 14 and the reflective surface of the reflective plate 11 may together form an open cavity 140 structure.
  • the application does not limit the specific shape and structure of the fixing frame 14 and the number of the fixing frame 14 used.
  • the feed network 12 may include a phase shifter, a combiner, a filter, a transmission or a calibration network, etc. during specific implementation.
  • the feed network 12 may include a suspended strip line 121 for transmitting electromagnetic waves.
  • the suspension strip line 121 is a kind of electromagnetic wave transmission line, and its transmission mode is roughly the same as that of the coaxial cable, which is TEM wave.
  • the suspension stripline 121 is mainly composed of an inner conductor and ground wires disposed on two layers above and below the inner conductor. Electromagnetic waves are distributed between the inner conductor and the upper and lower layers, and propagate along the axis (or the length direction of the suspended strip line 121).
  • the suspended strip line 121 may be suspended in the cavity 140 . That is to say, there is a distance between the suspension belt line 121 and the inner wall of the cavity 140, so that the suspension belt line 121 is suspended in the cavity 140 to prevent the suspension belt line 121 from being in conductive contact with the fixing frame 14. . It can be understood that, during specific implementation, the suspension strip line 121 may also be fixed in the cavity 140 through other auxiliary structures (such as insulating support columns). This application is not limited to this.
  • the feeding network 12 may have a phase shifter.
  • the phase shifter is a dielectric phase shifter.
  • the phase shifter may include a first sliding medium 122 and a second sliding medium 123 .
  • the first sliding medium 122 is disposed on the upper side of the suspension wire 121 , and the first sliding medium 122 can slide relative to the suspension wire 121 .
  • the second sliding medium 123 is disposed on the upper side of the suspension wire 121 , and the first sliding medium 122 can slide relative to the suspension wire 121 .
  • the phase of the electromagnetic wave in the suspending strip line 121 can be adjusted to different degrees.
  • the relative positions of the first sliding medium 122 and the second sliding medium 123 can be reasonably adjusted according to actual needs, so as to adjust the phase of the electromagnetic wave.
  • phase shifter can adopt the commonly used adjustable type at present, and of course, the phase shifter can also adopt the non-adjustable type, which will not be repeated here.
  • the number of radiation units 13 included in the antenna 10 may also be varied.
  • the antenna 10 includes seven radiation units, namely radiation unit 13a, radiation unit 13b, radiation unit 13c, radiation unit 13d, radiation unit 13e, radiation unit 13f and radiation unit 13g.
  • the operating frequencies of the seven radiation units may be the same or different.
  • the feeding network 12 is divided into two parts, one part is located under the first fixing frame 14 , and the other part is located under the second fixing frame 14 . Wherein, each part has 7 feeding points for feeding the corresponding radiation unit 13 . Take the part below the first fixing frame 14 as an example.
  • the seven feed points are feed point 120a, feed point 120b, feed point 120c, feed point 120d, feed point 120e, feed point 120f, and feed point 120g, and each feed point is used to Corresponding radiating elements are fed.
  • the feeding point 120a is used for feeding the radiation unit 13a
  • the feeding point 120b is used for feeding the radiation unit 13b.
  • the feeder network 12 may include a feeder stripline, and one end of the feeder stripline may protrude from the opening.
  • the feeding point 120 may be located at one end of the feeding strip line protruding from the opening.
  • the feeder stripline may be a microstrip line, etc., and the present application does not limit the specific type of the feeder stripline.
  • the signal can be input into the feed network 12 through the in port, coupled and fed to the corresponding radiating unit through 7 feeding points, and finally the signal is radiated out through the radiating unit.
  • the in port can be located inside the cavity 140 or outside the cavity 140 .
  • a power divider may also be included, so as to adjust the radiation power of different radiation units.
  • the number and type of power splitters are not limited in this application.
  • the feed network 12 may also include other functional devices, which will not be described in detail here.

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种天线和通信设备，涉及通信技术领域，以解决天线线缆和焊点用量大，不利于降低天线重量、提升天线性能的技术问题。本申请提供的天线包括反射板、固定架、馈电网络和辐射单元，反射板具有反射面；固定架设置在反射面的一侧，且固定架和反射面构成朝第一方向敞口的腔体，馈电网络设置在腔体内，馈电网络具有馈电点，且馈电点的投影位于敞口内，辐射单元设置在反射面的一侧；其中，辐射单元在固定架的投影位于敞口内，且辐射单元与馈电点耦合。在本申请提供的天线中，将馈电网络和辐射单元设置在反射面的同一侧，因此，馈电网络可以通过耦合的方式对辐射单元进行馈电，能够简化天线的材料用量和整体重量，有利于提升天线的通信质量。

Description

一种天线和通信设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2021年11月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111365994.3、申请名称为“一种天线和通信设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线和通信设备。
背景技术
天线广泛的应用在多种不同类型的通信设备中，用于实现无线信号的发送或接收。例如，天线可以安装在基站的信号塔(或杆)上，从而能够提升天线的信号收发能力和信号覆盖范围等。在实际应用中，天线的重量决定了上塔(或杆)安装的难易程度。具体来说，天线的重量越小越容易上塔安装；天线的重量越大越不容易安装。在目前的天线中，会大量的使用线缆和焊接的连接方式，因此，会增加线缆和焊料的使用数量，不利于降低天线的重量。另外，当线缆和焊点数量增加后，会降低恶化无源互调，从而影响天线的信号收发性能。因此，在天线的实际应用中，较小重量、较低成本和较好性能的天线一直是行业内需要不断进行改进和完善的工作。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种能够简化物料用量和整体重量，有利于提升性能的天线和通信设备。
一方面，本申请提供了一种天线，包括反射板、固定架、馈电网络和辐射单元。反射板具有反射面；固定架设置在反射面的一侧，且固定架和反射面构成朝第一方向敞口的腔体。馈电网络设置在腔体内，馈电网络具有馈电点，且馈电点的投影位于敞口内。辐射单元设置在反射面的所述一侧，即固定架和反射面位于反射面的同一侧。其中，辐射单元在固定架的投影位于敞口内，且辐射单元与馈电点耦合。
在本申请提供的天线中，通过将馈电网络和辐射单元均设置在反射面的同一侧，从而使得馈电网络和辐射单元之间能够通过耦合的方式进行馈电。另外，通过固定架，可以与反射面共同构成敞口(或半开放)的腔体，从而可以为馈电网络提供容纳的空间。馈电网络的馈电点和辐射单元的投影均位于敞口内，则可以实现馈电网络和辐射单元之间的耦合。或者，可以理解的是，在本申请提供的天线中，将馈电网络和辐射单元设置在反射面的同一侧，因此，馈电网络可以通过耦合的方式对辐射单元进行馈电，从而避免使用额外的线缆。因此，能够简化天线的材料用量和整体重量。另外，由于省略了线缆，或者，馈电网络与辐射单元耦合馈电，因此，可以避免使用焊接、螺钉连接或铆钉连接等连接方式，能够避免引入额外的网络损耗并避免无源互调的恶化，有利于提升天线的通信质量。
另外，在本申请提供的天线中，由于将馈电网络设置在了反射板的反射面，因此，在反射板的背面(与反射面相背离的表面)可以设置更多的用于实现其他功能的器件，从而 有利于提升天线的功能性和功能密度。
在一种实现方式中，馈电网络可以与固定架固定连接，从而可以将馈电网络稳定的固定在腔体内。其中，馈电网络设置在腔体内指的是，馈电网络的主体部分位于腔体内。对于馈电网络的馈电点，由于需要对辐射单元进行馈电，因此，馈电点可以伸出于腔体，以便对辐射单元进行馈电。其中，馈电点可以伸出于腔体，也可以位于腔体内，并位于敞口的投影范围内。
另外，馈电网络与固定架固定连接可以包括，馈电网络通过绝缘的连接件与固定架固定连接，从而可以避免馈电网络与固定架导电连接。
在对馈电点进行设置时，馈电点与辐射单元的投影重叠尺寸可以大于或等于辐射单元工作波长的1/8，且小于或等于辐射单元的工作波长的1/2，以使馈电点能够有效的对辐射单元进行馈电。其中，辐射单元的工作波长指的是辐射单元所产生电磁波的波长。
在对辐射单元进行设置时，辐射单元可以堆叠设置在敞口的外侧。或者，可以理解的是，辐射单元的投影位于敞口内。具体来说，可以是辐射单元的至少一部分的投影在敞口内。或者，辐射单元的整个投影位于敞口内。
在对馈电网络进行设置时，馈电网络可以包括馈电带线，馈电带线的一端可以伸出于敞口。其中，馈电点可以位于该伸出于敞口的一端。示例性的，馈电带线可以是微带线。
另外，在具体应用时，固定架可以由导电材料制成。当馈电网络在正常工作时，所产生的电磁信号可能会影响到辐射单元的正常工作，因此，固定架由导电材料制成后，可以对馈电网络起到电磁屏蔽的作用，防止馈电网络产生的电磁信号对辐射单元造成不良干扰。
在具体应用时，固定架的结构和组成可以是多样的，几种示例可以如下：
例如，固定架可以包括第一架体和第二架体，第一架体和第二架体间隔且平行设置。其中，第一架体、第二架体和反射面构成所述腔体；第一架体和第二架体之间的空隙构成敞口。
可以理解的是，在具体实施时，可以根据实际需求对第一架体和第二架体之间的距离进行灵活调整，从而可以改变腔体以及敞口的大小。或者，在一些实施方式中，第一架体和第二架体也可以是呈夹角设置的，而非平行设置。本申请对此不作限定。
在一种实现方式中，辐射单元的数量可以为多个，相应的，馈电网络中包括的馈电点的数量也可以为多个，且每个辐射单元与对应的馈电点耦合。或者，可以理解的是，在馈电网络中可以设置多个馈电点，每个馈电点可与对应的辐射单元进行耦合馈电，也就是说辐射单元和馈电点可以是一对一设置的，也可以是一对多设置的。
在一种实现方式中，馈电网络可以具有悬置带线，悬置带线设置在腔体内，并且悬置带线与腔体的内壁之间具有间隙，从而可以防止悬置带线与腔体的内壁导电接触。
馈电网络可以具有介质移相器；介质移相器包括第一滑动介质和第二滑动介质，第一滑动介质和第二滑动介质可以设置在悬置带线的两侧，并与悬置带线滑动连接。
在一种实现方式中，固定架可以通过导电连接件与反射板固定连接。从而可以实现固定架与反射板之间的固定连接和导电连接。或者，固定架也可以通过绝缘连接件与反射板固定连接。通过绝缘连接件可利于降低天线的重量。另外，固定架与反射板之间也可以通过耦合的方式实现电连接。
在一种实现方式中，天线还可以包括天线罩，上述反射板、固定架、馈电网络和辐射单元均可以位于天线罩内。通过天线罩，可以为反射板、固定架、馈电网络和辐射单元提 供有效的保护作用，同时，也不会影响辐射单元向外界发送电磁信号，或者，外界的电磁信号也可以穿过天线罩被辐射单元所接收。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种通信设备，包括上述任一种天线。在具体应用时，通信设备可以是基站、雷达等，本申请对通信设备的类型不作限制。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种天线的应用场景示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种基站的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种天线的结构框图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种天线结构简图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种天线的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种天线的局部结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种天线的截面结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的另一种固定架和反射板的俯视图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的另一种固定架和反射板的俯视图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种天线的俯视图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种馈电网络的部分结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
本申请实施例提供的天线可以应用在基站、雷达等通信设备中，以实现无线通信功能。如图1所示，该应用场景可以包括基站和终端。基站和终端之间可以实现无线通信。该基站可以位于基站子系统(base bastion subsystem，BBS)、陆地无线接入网(UMTS terrestrial radio access network，UTRAN)或者演进的陆地无线接入网(evolved universal terrestrial radio access，E-UTRAN)中，用于进行无线信号的小区覆盖以实现终端设备与无线网络之间的通信。具体来说，基站可以是全球移动通信系统(global system for mobile communication，GSM)或(code division multiple access,CDMA)系统中的基地收发台(base transceiver station，BTS)，也可以是宽带码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)系统中的节点B(NodeB，NB)，还可以是长期演进(long term evolution,LTE)系统中的演进型节点B(evolutional NodeB，eNB或eNodeB)，还可以是云无线接入网络(cloud radio access network，CRAN)场景下的无线控制器。或者该基站也可以为中继站、接入点、车载设备、可穿戴设备以及新无线(new radio,NR)系统中的g节点(gNodeB或者gNB)或者未来演进的网络中的基站等，本申请实施例并不限定。
如图2所示，在本申请实施例提供的一种基站中，包括基站天馈系统。在实际应用中，基站天馈系统主要包括天线10、馈线02和接地装置03等。天线10一般固定在抱杆04上，并且可以通过天线调整固定架05来调节天线10的下倾角，以对天线10的信号覆盖范围进行一定程度的调整。
另外，基站还可以包括射频处理单元06和基带处理单元20。例如，射频处理单元06 可用于对天线10接收到的信号进行选频、放大以及下变频处理，并将其转换成中频信号或基带信号发送给基带处理单元20，或者射频处理单元06用于将基带处理单元20发出的中频信号经过上变频以及放大处理通过天线10转换成无线信号发送出去。基带处理单元20可通过射频处理单元06与天线10的馈电网络连接。在一些实施方式中，射频处理单元06又可称为射频拉远单元(remote radio unit，RRU)，基带处理单元20又可称为基带单元(baseband unit，BBU)。
如图2所示，在一种可能的实施例中，射频处理单元06可以与天线10一体设置，而基带处理单元20位于天线10的远端，射频处理单元06与基带处理单元20可以通过馈线02连接。在另外的实施例中，还可以使射频处理单元06和基带处理单元20同时位于天线10的远端。
请结合参阅图2和图3所示，应用在基站中的天线10还可以包括天线罩100和位于天线罩100内的反射板11和馈电网络12，其中反射板11也可以称为底板。馈电网络12的主要功能是把信号按照一定的幅度、相位馈送到辐射单元13，或者将辐射单元13接收到的无线信号按照一定的幅度、相位发送到基站的基带处理单元20。可以理解的是，具体实施时，馈电网络12可以包括移相器、合路器、传动或校准网络、或滤波器等器件中的至少一个，本申请对馈电网络12的组成部件、类型和所能实现的功能不作限制。
当然，上述的天线10还可以应用到多种其他类型的通信设备中，本申请对天线10的应用场景不作限制。
对于天线罩100，在电气性能上，天线罩100具有良好的电磁波穿透性，从而不会影响到辐射单元13与外界之间电磁信号的正常收发。在机械性能上，天线罩100具有良好的受力性和抗氧化等性能，从而能够经受外界恶劣环境的侵蚀。
对于辐射单元13，也可以称为天线振子，是构成天线基本结构的单元，它能有效的发射或接收电磁波，多个辐射单元13也可以组成阵列进行使用。在具体应用中，天线振子可以分为单级化和双极化等类型。在具体配置时，可以根据实际需求对天线振子的类型进行合理选择。
如图4所示，反射板11一般具有反射面(如图中的上表面)和背面(如图中的下表面)。
在目前的一些天线中，通常将辐射单元13安装在反射板11的反射面的一侧，将馈电网络12安装在背面的一侧，馈电网络12和辐射单元13之间通过线缆01(如同轴线缆)进行馈电。以使馈电网络12把信号按照一定的幅度、相位馈送到辐射单元13。线缆01的设置不仅增加了天线10的材料成本和重量，还需要对线缆01进行安装和连接，因此，增加了装配时间，降低了制作效率。另外，线缆01在与辐射单元13和馈电网络12进行连接时，通常采用焊接或螺接的方式。这种连接方式会引入网络插损，因此，不利于保证天线10的工作性能。另外，当天线10中包括多个辐射单元13时，还会增加无源互调的隐患。
为此，本申请实施例提供了一种能够简化物料用量和整体重量，有利于提升性能的天线。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图和具体实施例对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
以下实施例中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在作为对本申请的限制。如在本申请的说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数表达形式“一个”、 “一种”和“该”旨在也包括例如“一个或多个”这种表达形式，除非其上下文中明确地有相反指示。还应当理解，在本申请以下各实施例中，“至少一个”是指一个、两个或两个以上。
在本说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中的不同之处出现的语句“在一个实施例中”、“在一些实施方式中”、“在另外的实施方式中”等不是必然都参考相同的实施例，而是意味着“一个或多个但不是所有的实施例”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。术语“包括”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。
如图5和图6所示，在本申请提供的一个实施例中，天线10可以包括反射板11、固定架14、馈电网络12和辐射单元13。反射板11具有反射面(图中的上表面)。固定架14设置在反射面的一侧，且固定架14和反射面构成朝第一方向敞口的腔体140。馈电网络12设置在腔体140内，馈电网络12具有馈电点120，且馈电点120的投影位于敞口内。辐射单元13也设置在反射面的一侧，其中，辐射单元13在固定架14的投影位于敞口内，且辐射单元13与馈电点120耦合。在本申请提供的天线10中，通过将馈电网络12和辐射单元13均设置在反射板11的反射面的一侧，从而使得馈电网络12和辐射单元13之间能够通过耦合的方式进行馈电。另外，通过固定架14，可以与反射面共同构成敞口(或半开放)的腔体140，从而可以为馈电网络12提供容纳的空间。馈电网络12的馈电点120和辐射单元13的投影均位于敞口内，则可以实现馈电网络12和辐射单元13之间的耦合。或者，可以理解的是，在本申请提供的天线10中，将馈电网络12和辐射单元13设置在反射板11的反射面的同一侧，馈电网络12可以通过耦合的方式对辐射单元13进行馈电，从而避免使用额外的线缆。因此，能够简化天线10的材料用量和整体重量。另外，由于省略了线缆，或者，馈电网络12与辐射单元13耦合馈电，因此，可以避免使用焊接、螺钉连接或铆钉连接等连接方式，能够避免引入额外的网络损耗并避免无源互调的恶化，有利于提升天线10的通信质量。
需要说明的是，馈电点120的投影位于敞口内，指的是馈电点120可以位于腔体140内，且馈电点120的投影位于敞口内。或者，馈电点120可以由敞口伸出于腔体140，且馈电点120的投影位于敞口内。辐射单元13的投影位于敞口内，指的是辐射单元13的至少一部分的投影在敞口内。或者，辐射单元13的整个投影位于敞口内。或者，可以理解为，辐射单元13可以堆叠设置在敞口的外侧。例如，辐射单元13可以固定在反射板11上，并设置在敞口的正上方。
在对馈电点120进行设置时，馈电点120与辐射单元13的投影尺寸可以大于或等于辐射单元13工作波长的1/8，且小于或等于辐射单元13的工作波长的1/2，以使馈电点120能够有效的对辐射单元13进行馈电。其中，辐射单元13的工作波长，指的是辐射单元13所产生电磁波的波长。
其中，无源互调(Passive Intermodulation，PIM)又称无源交调、互调失真等。指得是，当两个或两个以上不同频率信号在非线性器件中混合在一起变产生了杂散信号。当杂散信号落在辐射单元13的接收频段内，会对信号的接收造成干扰，降低系统通信质量。无源互调的引发因素比较繁杂。例如，无源互调可以发生在任何两种不同金属的连接点或接口处。例如，在焊接处，焊料与线缆或其他导电结构之间的连接处。或者，螺钉与线缆的连接处。因此，在天线10中使用上述的焊接、螺钉连接或铆钉连接等连接方式时，会不可 避免的引发无源互调，从而影响天线10的通信质量。
因此，在本申请提供的实施例中，馈电网络12与辐射单元13之间采用耦合的方式进行馈电，从而能够有效避免使用线缆、焊接或连接件(如螺钉)的方式实现馈电网络12和辐射单元13之间的馈电。从而能够有效降低天线10的材料用量，便于实现零焊接。有利于保证天线10的通信质量。
另外，在本申请提供的天线10中，由于将馈电网络12设置在了反射板11的反射面，因此，在反射板11的背面可以设置更多的用于实现其他功能的器件，从而有利于提升天线10的功能性和功能密度。
如图5所示。在一些实施方式中，固定架14可以采用导电材料进行制作，从而可以为馈电网络12起到电磁屏蔽作用，以防止馈电网络12产生的干扰信号影响到辐射单元13，有利于保证辐射单元13的正常工作性能。在具体实施时，固定架14可以采用铝或铜等导电材料进行制作。或者，在另外的实施方式中，固定架14也可以采用聚酰亚胺或尼龙等绝缘材料进行制备，从而可以有效降低固定架14的材料成本。或者，固定架14也可以采用密度较低的材料进行制作，以降低重量。最后，可以在固定架14的表面制作一层导电材料，从而可以提升电磁屏蔽性能。其中，成型在固定架14表面的导电材料可以采用化学气相沉积或电镀等方式进行制作，本申请对成型在固定架14表面的导电材料的具体材质和制备工艺不作限制。
在一些实施方式中，固定架14与反射板11之间可以通过导电连接件进行固定连接，也可以采用绝缘的连接件进行固定连接。
一种可能的实现方式中，固定架14与反射板11之间可以通过由金属材料制成的螺钉或铆钉等连接件进行固定连接。或者，固定架14与反射板11之间可以通过焊接的方式实现固定连接和电连接。或者，可以理解的是，通过导电连接件不仅可以实现固定架14与反射板11之间的固定连接，还可以实现固定架14与反射板11之间的导电连接，以使固定架14能够通过反射板11进行接地。
另一种可能的实现方式中，固定架14与反射板11之间可以通过由尼龙或聚酰亚胺等绝缘材料制成的螺钉等连接件进行固定连接。或者，固定架14与发射板之间也可以通过粘接的方式进行固定连接。或者，可以理解的是，可以通过质量较轻的材料实现固定架14与反射板11之间的固定连接，从而便于降低天线10的整体重量。
另外，固定架14与反射板11之间可以通过耦合的方式实现电连接。或者，固定架14可以通过单独的线缆与反射板11进行连接，以便于实现固定架14的接地。或者，当固定架14与反射板11之间通过多个连接件进行连接时，可以至少采用一个导电连接件，从而可以实现固定架14与反射板11之间的电连接。
在对固定架14进行设置时，固定架14的形状和构造可以是多样的。例如，如图5所示，在本申请提供的一个实施例中，固定架14包括两个架体，分别为第一架体141和第二架体142。
具体来说，第一架体141和第二架体142可以均为长条状结构。第一架体141和第二架体142相互平行设置，第一架体141、第二架体142和反射面共同构成腔体140；其中，第一架体141和第二架体142之间的空隙(或距离)构成敞口。
在具体实施时，第一架体141的形状可以是多样的。例如，如图7所示，以第一架体141为例，第一架体141的截面形状大致为L形。具体来说，包括竖直段1411和水平段 1412。其中，竖直段的一端(图中的下端)朝向反射面设置，水平段与反射面之间具有空隙，该空隙便可构成腔体140的一部分。
对于第二架体142，在本申请提供的实施例中，第一架体141和第二架体142可以为大致相同的结构，且第一架体141和第二架体142镜像对称设置。
可以理解的是，在具体实施时，可以通过实际需求对第一架体141和第二架体142之间的距离进行灵活调整，从而可以改变腔体140以及敞口的大小。在一些实施方式中，第一架体141和第二架体142也可以是呈夹角设置的，而非平行设置。在一些实施方式中，固定架14也可以包括更多个架体。或者可以理解的是，腔体140也可以由更多个架体组成。在另一些实施方式中，固定架14也可以是单体结构。
例如，如图8所示，固定架14可以是环形结构。对于其横截面，可以是如图7中所示的L形，或者，也可以其他的形状，本申请对固定架14的截面形状不作限制。或者，固定架14也可以是如图9所示的U形结构。或者，固定架14也可以是矩形框结构。例如，可以在图9中所示出的U形结构的基础上，将右侧设置成封闭状，以形成矩形框结构。当然，在其他的实施方式中，固定架14也可以是其他的形状结构，本申请对此不作限定。
可以理解的是，在具体实施时，固定架14可以单独构成具有敞口的腔体140结构。或者，固定架14可以与反射板11的反射面共同构成具有敞口的腔体140结构。本申请对固定架14的具体形状、构造和固定架14的使用数量不作限制。
对于馈电网络12，在具体实施时，可以包括移相器、合路器、滤波器、传动或校准网络等。如图7所示，在实际应用中，馈电网络12中可以包括用于传输电磁波的悬置带线121。其中，悬置带线121是一种电磁波传输线，其传输模式与同轴线缆大致相同，为TEM波。在结构上，悬置带线121主要由内导体和设置于内导体上、下两层的地线构成。电磁波分布在内导体和上、下两层第之间，沿轴线(或悬置带线121的长度方向)进行传播。
在本申请提供的实施例中，悬置带线121可以悬置在腔体140内。也就是说，悬置带线121与腔体140的内壁之间具有距离，以使悬置带线121呈悬置状设置在腔体140内，防止悬置带线121与固定架14导电接触。可以理解的是，在具体实施时，悬置带线121也可以通过其他的辅助结构(如绝缘的支撑柱)固定在腔体140内。本申请对此不作限定。
另外，如图7和图11所示，在本申请提供的实施例中，馈电网络12可以具有移相器。具体的，移相器为介质移相器。具体来说，移相器可以包括第一滑动介质122和第二滑动介质123。第一滑动介质122设置在悬置带线121的上侧，且第一滑动介质122能够相对于悬置带线121进行滑动。第二滑动介质123设置在悬置带线121的上侧，且第一滑动介质122能够相对于悬置带线121进行滑动。当第一滑动介质122和第二滑动介质123滑动至悬置带线121的不同位置时，可对悬置带线121内的电磁波的相位进行不同程度的调整。在具体应用时，可以根据实际需求对第一滑动介质122和第二滑动介质123的相对位置进行合理调整，以调整电磁波的相位。
可以理解的是，在具体应用时，移相器可以采用目前较为常用的可调类型，当然，移相器也可以采用不可调的类型，在此不作赘述。
另外，在实际应用中，天线10中所包含的辐射单元13的数量也可以是多样的。例如，如图10所示。在本申请提供的实施例中，天线10中包括7个辐射单元，分别为辐射单元13a、辐射单元13b、辐射单元13c、辐射单元13d、辐射单元13e、辐射单元13f和辐射单元13g。其中，7个辐射单元的工作频率可以相同也可以不同。
另外，为了对每个辐射单元进行馈电。馈电网络12分为两个部分，一个部分位于第一固定架14的下方，另一部分位于第二固定架14的下方。其中，每个部分均具有7个馈电点，用于对对应的辐射单元13进行馈电。以位于第一固定架14下方的一部分为例。7个馈电点分别为馈电点120a、馈电点120b、馈电点120c、馈电点120d、馈电点120e、馈电点120f和馈电点120g，每个馈电点用于对相应的辐射单元进行馈电。例如，馈电点120a用于对辐射单元13a进行馈电，馈电点120b用于对辐射单元13b进行馈电。其中，馈电网络12可以包括馈电带线，馈电带线的一端可以伸出于敞口。其中，馈电点120可以位于馈电带线的伸出于敞口的一端。在具体应用时，馈电带线可以是微带线等，本申请对馈电带线的具体类型不作限制。
在实际应用中，信号可由in口输入馈电网络12，分别经7个馈电点耦合馈电到对应的辐射单元中，最终通过辐射单元把信号辐射出去。可以理解的是，在具体实施时，in口可以位于腔体140内，也可以位于腔体140的外部。另外，在馈电网络12中，还可以包括功率分配器，从而对不同辐射单元的辐射功率进行调整。其中，功率分配器的数量和类型本申请不作限制。当然，在其他的实施方式中，馈电网络12中还可以包括其他的功能器件，在此不作赘述。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括：
    反射板，具有反射面；
    固定架，设置在所述反射面的一侧，且所述固定架和所述反射面构成朝第一方向敞口的腔体；
    馈电网络，设置在所述腔体内，所述馈电网络具有馈电点，且所述馈电点的投影位于所述敞口内；
    辐射单元，设置在所述反射面的所述一侧；
    其中，所述辐射单元在所述固定架的投影位于所述敞口内，且所述辐射单元与所述馈电点耦合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述馈电网络与所述固定架固定连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述辐射单元堆叠设置在所述敞口的外侧。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述馈电点与所述辐射单元的投影尺寸大于或等于所述辐射单元工作波长的1/8，且小于或等于所述辐射单元的工作波长的1/2。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述馈电网络包括馈电带线，所述馈电带线的一端伸出于所述敞口；
    其中，所述馈电点位于所述馈电带线的所述一端。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述固定架由导电材料制成。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述固定架包括第一架体和第二架体；
    所述第一架体和所述第二架体间隔且平行设置；
    其中，所述第一架体、所述第二架体和所述反射面构成所述腔体；
    所述第一架体和所述第二架体之间的空隙构成所述敞口。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述辐射单元的数量为多个；
    所述馈电点的数量为多个，且每个所述辐射单元与对应的所述馈电点耦合。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述馈电网络还具有悬置带线；所述悬置带线设置在所述腔体内，且所述悬置带线与所述腔体的内壁之间具有间隙。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的天线，其特征在于，所述馈电网络还具有介质移相器；
    所述介质移相器包括第一滑动介质和第二滑动介质，所述第一滑动介质和所述第二滑动介质设置在所述悬置带线的两侧，并与所述悬置带线滑动连接。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述固定架通过导电连接件与所述反射板固定连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述固定架通过绝缘连接件与所述反射板固定连接固定架。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括天线罩， 所述反射板、所述固定架、所述馈电网络和所述辐射单元位于所述天线罩内。
  14. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的天线。
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