WO2022083022A1 - 箱体、电池及装置 - Google Patents

箱体、电池及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022083022A1
WO2022083022A1 PCT/CN2021/073916 CN2021073916W WO2022083022A1 WO 2022083022 A1 WO2022083022 A1 WO 2022083022A1 CN 2021073916 W CN2021073916 W CN 2021073916W WO 2022083022 A1 WO2022083022 A1 WO 2022083022A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fire extinguishing
discharge hole
flame
battery
box body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/073916
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱婷婷
姜利文
Original Assignee
江苏时代新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏时代新能源科技有限公司
Priority to EP21881448.1A priority Critical patent/EP4064440A4/en
Priority to KR1020227033423A priority patent/KR20220147644A/ko
Priority to JP2022541263A priority patent/JP7403665B2/ja
Publication of WO2022083022A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022083022A1/zh
Priority to US17/876,031 priority patent/US11799168B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6566—Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular, to a case, a battery and a device.
  • the battery usually includes a box and a plurality of battery cells located in the box. Since the battery cells will generate high-temperature gas and/or flame during thermal runaway, the high-temperature gas and/or flame will be released into the box through the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell. .
  • discharge holes are usually provided on the side wall of the box body, so that the high temperature gas and/or flame is discharged from the outside of the box body through the discharge holes.
  • the exhaust hole discharges the high-temperature gas out of the box body, and also discharges the flame out of the box body, which reduces the safety performance of the battery.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a box body, a battery and a device, which are used for extinguishing and cooling the flame generated when a battery cell is thermally out of control, so as to improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a case body for a battery, the case body is provided with a discharge hole, and the discharge hole is used to discharge the flame generated when the battery cell is thermally out of control from the inside of the case body;
  • a fire extinguishing piece is provided, and the fire extinguishing piece is used to extinguish and cool the flame when the flame passes through the discharge hole.
  • the fire extinguishing member by disposing a discharge hole and a fire extinguishing member on the box body, when the flame generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell passes through the discharge hole, the fire extinguishing member can release the fire extinguishing agent, and the above-mentioned flame can be extinguished and cooled, so as to prevent the flame from being discharged through the discharge hole.
  • the holes are discharged from the inside of the box, which improves the safety performance of the battery.
  • the outer periphery of the discharge hole is provided with a fire extinguishing member.
  • the fire extinguishing member by disposing a fire extinguishing member on the outer periphery of the discharge hole, when the flame passes through the discharge hole, the fire extinguishing member can extinguish the flame in time and reduce the temperature, so as to prevent the flame from being discharged from the discharge hole to the outside of the box, and prevent the use of the battery from being threatened.
  • the safety of the device and the user is improved, and the safety performance of the battery is improved.
  • the fire suppressant is configured to cover a portion of the discharge hole.
  • the fire extinguishing element by configuring the fire extinguishing element to cover part of the discharge hole, when the flame passes through the discharge hole, the flame can quickly contact the fire extinguishing element, so that the fire extinguishing element can extinguish the flame and reduce the temperature in time to prevent the flame from passing through the discharge hole. It is discharged to the outside of the box to prevent threats to the safety of the device using the battery and the user, and to improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • the fire extinguishing element does not cover all the discharge holes, so that when the thermal runaway of the battery cell does not occur, the gas in the accommodating cavity can be discharged from the inside of the box body through the discharge hole, so as to maintain the air pressure balance inside and outside the box, Improves battery safety.
  • the box body includes a bottom wall and a side wall connected to the outer periphery of the bottom wall, the bottom wall and the side wall enclose a receiving cavity for placing battery cells, and the discharge hole is provided on the side wall and/or the bottom wall.
  • the flame can be quickly guided to the discharge hole, preventing the flame from accumulating in the box, and reducing the risk of a battery cell fire.
  • the inside of the side wall and/or the bottom wall has a discharge passage, one end of the discharge passage communicates with the discharge hole, and the other end of the discharge passage communicates with the outside of the case.
  • the inside of the side wall and/or the bottom wall has an exhaust channel, and through the arrangement of the exhaust channel, the gas generated by thermal runaway can be buffered, and the speed of the gas can be prevented from damaging the box.
  • the tank body further includes a pressure relief valve, the other end of the discharge passage communicates with the outside of the case body via the pressure relief valve, and the pressure relief valve is used to release the internal pressure when the internal pressure of the discharge passage reaches a threshold value.
  • the arrangement of the pressure relief valve in this embodiment can facilitate the timely and effective discharge of the discharge of the battery cells to the outside of the box.
  • a fire extinguishing member is disposed within the discharge channel.
  • the fire can be extinguished for the second time by the fire extinguishing element arranged in the discharge channel, so that through the two fire extinguishing, it can be ensured that the gas discharged to the outside of the box contains basically no or very little flame, Improves battery safety.
  • the fire-extinguishing member is configured as a fire-extinguishing panel including a fire-extinguishing agent, the fire-extinguishing panel is fixed in the box, and the fire-extinguishing panel is configured to release the fire-extinguishing agent when the flame passes through the discharge hole, so as to extinguish and cool the flame.
  • the fire-extinguishing element is constructed as a fire-extinguishing board including a fire-extinguishing agent, which is convenient for the setting of the fire-extinguishing agent.
  • the fire-extinguishing agent absorbs a large amount of heat, and physical absorption processes such as thermal melting and gasification occur, so that after gasification, the fire-extinguishing agent absorbs a large amount of heat.
  • the extinguishing agent diffuses through the outlet to the discharge hole to extinguish the flame and cool it down.
  • the fire extinguishing plate is provided with through holes, which communicate with the discharge holes.
  • the box body further includes an accommodating groove, the accommodating groove is used for accommodating the fire extinguishing element, and the groove wall of the accommodating groove is provided with a discharge hole.
  • the placement volume for installing the fire extinguishing element can be increased, and then a plurality of fire extinguishing elements can be installed in the accommodating groove, thereby increasing the fire extinguishing effect of the fire extinguishing element.
  • the accommodating tank can also store water vapor entering the box from the outside of the box, preventing the water vapor from connecting with the positive electrode terminal and/or the negative electrode terminal of the battery cell, causing the battery cell to form a short circuit and affecting the service life of the battery cell.
  • the box body further includes a flow guide member, the flow guide member is connected to the outer periphery of the discharge hole, and the flow guide member is used for guiding the flame to the discharge hole.
  • the flame can be guided to the discharge hole through the arrangement of the flow guide, so as to prevent the flame from gathering in the box and reduce the risk of fire in the battery cell.
  • the flow guide member includes a flow guide channel in communication with the discharge hole, and a fire extinguishing member is disposed in the flow guide channel.
  • the guide member includes a cylinder with two ends open, the inner cavity of the cylinder is used to form a guide channel, and the diameter of the cylinder gradually increases from an end close to the discharge hole to an end away from the discharge hole.
  • the diameter of the cylinder body is designed, so that the eddy current effect can be formed in the cylinder body, and the high temperature and high pressure gas, flame or other substances generated by the battery cell can be conducted to the discharge channel of the box body in a timely and effective manner, which is convenient for High temperature and high pressure gas, flame extinguishing and cooling, improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • the air guide further includes a fan configured to activate in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell to accelerate flame flow to the exhaust aperture.
  • the flames generated when the battery cells are thermally out of control can be quickly conducted to the discharge holes and the discharge channels through the setting of the fans, and the fire extinguishing elements can be used to extinguish the flames and reduce the temperature, thereby improving the safety performance of the batteries.
  • the air guide further includes a fan cover for protecting the fan, the fan cover is fixed in the casing, and the fan is arranged in the fan cover.
  • the fan can be protected by the fan cover, which improves the service life of the fan.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a battery, which includes the aforementioned case body and a battery cell; the case body has a accommodating cavity, and the battery cell is disposed in the accommodating cavity.
  • the battery in this embodiment includes the above-mentioned box, when the flame generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell passes through the discharge hole, the fire-extinguishing element can release the fire-extinguishing agent, and the above-mentioned flame can be extinguished and cooled, so as to prevent the flame from being discharged through the discharge hole.
  • the holes are discharged from the inside of the box, which improves the safety performance of the battery.
  • a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an apparatus, which includes the above-mentioned battery, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • the device in this embodiment includes the above-mentioned battery, when the flame generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell passes through the discharge hole, the fire extinguishing element can release the fire extinguishing agent, and the above-mentioned flame can be extinguished and cooled to prevent the flame from passing through the discharge hole. It is discharged from the inside of the box to improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is the enlarged schematic diagram of A area in Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram 1 of a box body provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is the enlarged schematic diagram of B area in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is the enlarged schematic diagram of C area in Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of a box body provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is the sectional view of D-D direction in Fig. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a second structural schematic diagram of a box provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is the enlarged schematic diagram of E region in Fig. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a third structural schematic diagram of a box provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged schematic view of the F region in Figure 11;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram 4 of the structure of the box provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is an enlarged schematic view of the G region in FIG. 13 .
  • the battery cell when the battery cell is affected by external collision or the battery cell itself, for example, the battery cell is overcharged and overdischarged or the battery cell is short-circuited, the battery cell will Thermal runaway occurs. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery cells, the battery cells will release a flame, which may cause a fire in the box, threatening the safety of the battery and the safety of the device using the battery.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a case, a battery and a device.
  • a discharge hole and a fire extinguishing member By arranging a discharge hole and a fire extinguishing member on the casing, when the flame generated by the thermal runaway of the battery cell passes through the discharge hole, the fire extinguishing member The fire extinguishing agent can be released, the above-mentioned flame can be extinguished and cooled, and the flame can be prevented from being discharged from the inside of the box through the discharge hole, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery and the safety performance of the device using the battery.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a device 100 including a battery 20, and the battery 20 is used to provide electrical energy to the device 100.
  • the device 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application may be a vehicle, for example, the vehicle may be a Fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • the device 100 may also be other energy storage devices, such as mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, electric toys, electric tools, ships and spacecraft, where the spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles or spacecraft.
  • the battery described in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to be applicable to the device 100 described above, but for the sake of brevity, the following embodiments are all described by taking a vehicle as an example.
  • the vehicle may include a vehicle body 10 and a battery 20 disposed on the vehicle body 10 , wherein the vehicle body 10 may include a vehicle frame, a drive mechanism 30 and wheels 50 disposed on the vehicle frame, and the drive mechanism 30 passes through
  • the transmission mechanism is connected with the wheel 50
  • the battery 20 is electrically connected with the driving mechanism 30 to provide electric energy for the driving mechanism 30, and then provide power for the wheel 50, so that the wheel 50 travels along a predetermined route.
  • a controller 40 may also be provided on the frame, and the controller 40 may be used to control the battery 20 to supply power to the drive mechanism 30 .
  • the battery 20 in the embodiment of the present application is not only used to provide electric power to the driving mechanism 30 and the controller 40 , but also can provide electric power to the navigation system of the vehicle.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery 20 , and the battery 20 can be applied to the above-mentioned device 100 , wherein the battery 20 includes a case 21 and a battery cell 22 .
  • the box body 21 has an accommodating cavity, so that a plurality of battery cells 22 are installed in the accommodating cavity, and the plurality of battery cells 22 are arranged in the box body 21 in an array, and each battery cell 22 usually includes an electrode assembly (not shown). out) and electrolyte (not shown), the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, a separator arranged between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, and the battery cell 22 mainly relies on metal ions (such as lithium ions) It moves between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece to provide electrical energy.
  • an electrode assembly (not shown). out) and electrolyte (not shown)
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, a separator arranged between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece
  • the battery cell 22 mainly relies on metal ions (such as lithium ions) It moves between the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece to provide electrical energy.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode active material layer, and the current collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer, The current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer was used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganate.
  • the negative pole piece includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the current collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that has been coated with the negative electrode active material layer, The current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer was used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the material of the diaphragm can be PP or PE, etc.
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, and the number of electrode assemblies may be one or more, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 22 also includes a casing, the electrode assembly and the electrolyte are encapsulated in the casing, the casing can be a hollow cuboid, a cube or a cylinder, and the material of the casing can be aluminum or steel and its alloys, or it can be plastic material or aluminum plastic film.
  • the casing is also provided with a positive electrode terminal 221 and a negative electrode terminal 222, the positive electrode tab is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal 221, and the negative electrode tab is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal 222 to output electrical energy.
  • the casing is also provided with an explosion-proof valve 223, which can be set at any position of the casing.
  • the explosion-proof valve 223 can be set at the top, bottom or side of the casing, and the explosion-proof valve 223 can also be set at the positive electrode terminal 221. and the negative electrode terminal 222 , this application does not make any specific limitation, as long as the internal pressure of the battery cell 22 can be released.
  • the box 21 may include a bottom wall 211 and a side wall 212 connected to the outer periphery of the bottom wall 211 , and the bottom wall 211 and the side walls 212 are enclosed to accommodate battery cells 22 of the accommodating cavity 213, in this embodiment, the case 21 is used to protect the battery cells 22 accommodated in the accommodating cavity 213, wherein the accommodating cavity 213 may be a regular shape, such as a rectangle, or any other shape irregular shape.
  • the accommodating cavity 213 may include a plurality of sub-accommodating cavities.
  • the accommodating cavity 213 is provided with a plurality of partitions 214, and the plurality of partitions 214 are distributed in the accommodating cavity 213 in a crisscross pattern, so as to divide the accommodating cavity 213 into a plurality of sub-accommodating cavities, so that It can not only increase the structural strength of the box body 21 but also facilitate the placement of the battery cells 22 .
  • the box body 21 may also include a top wall (not shown in the figure), and the top wall cover is provided on the top of the side wall 212 to prevent external debris from entering the accommodating cavity of the box body 21 from the top opening enclosed by the side wall 212. 213, the cleanliness and safety of the accommodating cavity 213 are improved.
  • the side wall 212 in this embodiment may be a split structure, that is, the side wall 212 may be formed by four sub-side walls connected end to end; the side wall 212 may also be an integral piece, when the side wall 212 is integrated When the parts are used, the structural strength of the box body 21 can be improved.
  • the discharge hole 215 may be provided on at least one wall of the box body 21, for example, the discharge hole 215 may be provided on the above-mentioned top wall, bottom wall 211 or side wall 212, and for example, the discharge hole 215 may be provided on the bottom wall at the same time 211 and the side wall 212, or both the side wall 212 and the top wall.
  • the discharge holes 215 When the discharge holes 215 are arranged on the side walls 212, as shown in FIG. 4, the discharge holes 215 may be arranged on two opposite sub-side walls, and the two sub-side walls may be spaced apart along the length direction of the box body.
  • the length direction is the X direction in FIG. 4, and at the same time, the number of the discharge holes 215 on each sub-side wall can be multiple, and the plurality of discharge holes 215 are distributed along the width direction of the box body 21.
  • the width direction of the box body 21 That is, the Y direction in FIG. 4 .
  • the hole 215 is discharged.
  • a fire extinguishing member 23 is provided on the box body 21 in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the fire extinguishing element 23 can extinguish and cool the flame, prevent the flame from spreading to the outside of the box 21 , and ensure the safety of the device 100 using the battery 20 and the user.
  • other substances released by the battery cells 22 may be electrolyte, metal chips or solid particles.
  • the thermal runaway of the battery cells 22 refers to a cumulative enhancement and gradual damage of the battery cells 22 during use.
  • the battery cells 22 will generate heat during the working process. Under normal conditions, the heat generated by the battery cells 22 is controllable. However, under abnormal conditions, such as collision and overcharge, the heat generated by the battery cells 22 is controllable. The heat is uncontrollable, resulting in thermal runaway.
  • the fire extinguishing member 23 is used to extinguish and cool the flame when the flame passes through the discharge hole 215. Therefore, the fire extinguishing member 23 needs to correspond to the discharge hole 215, that is, as shown in FIG. There is a fire extinguishing piece 23, when the flame passes through the discharge hole, the fire extinguishing piece 23 can extinguish the flame in time, prevent the flame from being discharged from the discharge hole 215 to the outside of the box 21, and prevent threats to the device 100 using the battery 20 and the user. The safety of the battery 20 is improved.
  • the outer circumference in this embodiment can be understood as the area on the side wall 212 of the box body 21 near the edge of the discharge hole 215 , or the area on the bottom wall 211 of the box body 21 near the edge of the discharge hole 215 .
  • the fire extinguishing member 23 may be a separate structure, that is, the fire extinguishing member 23 may be composed of a plurality of sub-extinguishing members, and the sub-extinguishing members are arranged at intervals along the edge of the discharge hole 215; the fire-extinguishing member 23 may also be a single piece, for example , the shape of the discharge hole 215 may be circular, and correspondingly, the fire extinguishing member 23 may be a circular ring, and the annular fire extinguishing member 23 is arranged around the discharge hole 215 .
  • the fire extinguishing member 23 is configured to cover part of the discharge hole 215, that is, the edge of the fire extinguishing member 23 close to the discharge hole 215 may coincide with the edge of the discharge hole 215, or the fire extinguishing member 23 is close to the discharge hole
  • the edge of the 215 and a part of the fire extinguishing element 23 are located in the discharge hole 215, but do not cover the entire discharge hole 215. In this way, when the flame passes through the discharge hole 215, the flame can quickly contact the fire extinguishing element 23, and the fire extinguishing element 23 can timely respond to the fire extinguishing element 23.
  • the flame is extinguished and cooled to prevent the flame from being discharged from the discharge hole 215 to the outside of the box 21 , preventing threats to the safety of the device 100 using the battery 20 and the user, and improving the safety performance of the battery 20 .
  • the fire extinguishing element 23 does not cover the entire discharge hole 215 .
  • the gas in the accommodating cavity 213 can be discharged from the inside of the box body 21 through the discharge hole 215 to maintain the air pressure inside and outside the box body 21 balance. , the safety of the battery 20 is improved.
  • the inside of the side wall 212 and/or the bottom wall 211 has a discharge channel 216 , that is, at least one of the side wall 212 and the bottom wall 211 has a hollow inner cavity, and the hollow inner cavity constitutes the discharge Passage 216, one end of the discharge passage 216 is communicated with the discharge hole 215, and the other end of the discharge passage 216 is communicated with the outside of the casing 21, so that when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 22 reaches a threshold value, the battery cell 22 generates a flame and passes through it. After the fire is extinguished and cooled, it is first discharged into the discharge channel 216 , and then discharged to the outside of the box 21 through the other end of the discharge channel 216 .
  • the flames generated by the battery cells 22 are extinguished and cooled to form low-temperature gas.
  • the discharge channel 216 can be arranged to buffer the above-mentioned gas to prevent the low-temperature gas from damaging the box 21 due to excessive velocity.
  • the discharge channel 216 may be a regular shape, for example, a hollow cuboid, or any other irregular shape.
  • the discharge channel 216 is provided with a fire extinguishing member 23, and the flame generated when the battery cell 22 is thermally out of control will preferentially be transmitted to the fire extinguishing member 23 on the outer periphery of the discharge hole 215, and the fire extinguishing member 23 on the outer circumference of the discharge hole 215 is used to extinguish the flame.
  • the gas formed after some of the flames are extinguished and the unextinguished flame will enter the discharge channel 216 through the discharge hole 215.
  • the fire extinguishing element 23 disposed in the discharge channel 216 will carry out the second fire on the flame. Extinguishing fire, in this embodiment, by twice extinguishing the fire, it can be ensured that the gas discharged to the outside of the box body 21 basically contains no or very little flame, which improves the safety of the battery 20 .
  • the casing 21 provided in this embodiment further includes a pressure relief valve 217 , and the other end of the discharge passage 216 passes through the pressure relief valve 217 .
  • the valve 217 communicates with the outside of the case 21, and the pressure relief valve 217 is used to release the inner pressure when the inner pressure of the discharge passage 216 reaches a threshold value.
  • the setting position of the pressure relief valve 217 can be described by the following embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiment is only an example to provide a feasible implementation, rather than the pressure relief valve 217 of the tank. limited.
  • the side wall 212 has a first side surface 2121 and a second side surface 2122 arranged opposite to each other, wherein the first side surface 2121 is close to the accommodating cavity 213 of the box body 21 , and the discharge hole 215 is provided on the first side surface 2121 Accordingly, the pressure relief valve 217 is arranged on the second side 2122, and the projection of the pressure relief valve 217 on the first side 2121 may be located in the discharge hole 215, that is, the discharge hole 215 is opposite to the pressure relief valve 217 In this way, the discharge of the battery cells 22 can be discharged to the outside of the box 21 in a timely and effective manner.
  • a connecting plate 218 may also be provided on the box body 21, and the battery 20 may be installed on the device 100 through the connecting plate 218, for example, the battery 20 may be installed on the frame of the vehicle through the connecting plate 218.
  • the connecting plate 218 is provided with a reinforcing plate 219 , and one end of the reinforcing plate 219 facing away from the connecting plate 218 is connected to the side wall 212 of the box body 21 to improve the structural strength of the connecting plate 218 .
  • the fire-extinguishing member 23 is configured as a fire-extinguishing board including a fire-extinguishing agent, and the fire-extinguishing board is fixed in the box 21, that is, the fire-extinguishing board can be fixed on the bottom wall 211 and/or the side wall by means of bonding
  • the fire extinguishing panel is configured to release a fire extinguishing agent when the flame passes through the discharge hole 215, so as to extinguish and cool the flame.
  • the setting methods of the fire extinguishing board and the fire extinguishing agent can be described by the following two embodiments. It should be noted that the following two embodiments are only exemplified to provide two feasible embodiments, and There are no restrictions on how to set up fire extinguishing panels and fire extinguishing agents.
  • the fire extinguishing member 23 may be a fire extinguishing panel with a cavity, and the fire extinguishing agent may be arranged in the inner cavity of the fire extinguishing panel.
  • a plurality of outlets may be provided on the fire extinguishing panel.
  • the fire-extinguishing element 23 is pressed by a fire-extinguishing agent to form a dense fire-extinguishing board, wherein the fire-extinguishing agent contains metal salt fine particles, so that the metal salt ions have physical temperature reduction inhibition, gas-phase chemical inhibition, solid-phase chemical inhibition and reduction function of oxygen concentration.
  • the fire extinguishing agent absorbs a large amount of heat, and physical absorption processes such as hot melting and gasification occur, so that the gasified fire extinguishing agent diffuses to the discharge hole to extinguish the flame and reduce the temperature.
  • the fire extinguishing agent can decompose and generate vaporized metal ions, or the cations that lose electrons will have an affinity reaction with the active groups in the combustion, which will consume a large amount of active groups and reduce free radicals.
  • the fire extinguishing agent will produce a large amount of inert gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide, which can reduce the oxygen concentration in combustion and prevent further combustion.
  • a through hole (not shown in the figure) is also provided on the fire extinguishing plate, and the through hole communicates with the discharge hole 215 to increase the contact area between the flame and the fire extinguishing plate and increase the fire extinguishing effect of the fire extinguishing plate.
  • the number of through holes may be multiple, and the through holes are arranged on the fire extinguishing plate in a honeycomb shape, and the through holes are communicated with the discharge holes 215 , so that before the thermal runaway of the battery cells 22 occurs, the accommodating cavity 213 The gas inside can be discharged to the outside of the box 21 through the through hole and the discharge hole 215.
  • the battery cell 22 is thermally out of control, when the flame passes through the fire extinguishing plate, the contact area between the flame and the fire extinguishing plate can be increased. Increase the fire extinguishing effect of the fire extinguishing board.
  • the box body 21 further includes an accommodating groove 24 for accommodating the fire extinguishing element 23 , and the groove wall of the accommodating groove 24 is provided with a discharge hole 215 .
  • the accommodating groove 24 may be provided on the side wall 212 and/or the bottom wall 211, wherein, when the accommodating groove 24 is provided on the side wall 212, the accommodating groove 24 may be provided on any sub-side wall, for example, as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the accommodating groove 24 is arranged on the left side wall, and the side of the left side wall close to the accommodating cavity 213 includes two adjacent sub-sides, one of which is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and the other sub-side It is inclined relative to the horizontal direction, that is, there is a preset angle between the two adjacent sub-sides, so that the accommodation groove 24 enclosed by the two adjacent sub-sides can increase the size of the fire-extinguishing element 23 Therefore, a plurality of fire-extinguishing elements 23 can be installed in the accommodating groove 24, thereby increasing the fire-extinguishing effect of the fire-extinguishing elements 23.
  • the water vapor from the outside may enter the inside of the box body 21 through the discharge hole 215.
  • the accommodating groove 24 can also store the water vapor entering the box body 21 from the outside of the box body 21 to prevent water vapor from entering the box body 21.
  • the connection with the positive electrode terminal 221 and/or the negative electrode terminal 222 of the battery cell 22 causes the battery cell 22 to form a short circuit, which affects the service life of the battery cell 22 .
  • the preset angle may be an acute angle, so that two adjacent sub-sides form a V-shaped accommodating groove 24; in order to increase the area of the V-shaped accommodating groove 24, two adjacent sub-surfaces can be A smooth transition is formed between the side surfaces, so that two adjacent sub-side surfaces form a U-shaped accommodating groove 24 .
  • the number of the discharge holes 215 may be multiple, and the plurality of discharge holes 215 are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the side wall 212 .
  • the box body 21 further includes a flow guide 25 , and the flow guide 25 is connected to the outer periphery of the discharge hole 215 , that is, the flow guide 25 is arranged around the discharge hole 215 , and the flow guide 25 is used for In order to guide the flame to the discharge hole 215, the flame is prevented from gathering in the box body 21, and the risk of fire of the battery cells 22 is reduced.
  • the diversion member 25 includes a diversion channel 252 which is communicated with the discharge hole 215, and the fire extinguishing member 23 is arranged in the diversion channel 252.
  • the flame is transmitted to the diversion channel 252, the flame is quickly connected to the diversion channel 252.
  • the fire extinguishing element 23 is in contact, the flame can be extinguished and cooled in a timely and effective manner.
  • the guide member 25 includes a cylindrical body 251 with open ends at both ends, and the inner cavity of the cylindrical body 251 is used to form the guide channel 252.
  • One end of the 25 can be fixed on the side wall 212 and make the guide channel 252 communicate with the discharge hole 215 .
  • the outer surface of the air guide member 25 can also be fixedly connected to the groove wall of the accommodating groove 24, wherein the fixed connection in this embodiment can be welding or bonding.
  • the diameter of the cylinder body 251 gradually increases from the end close to the discharge hole 215 to the end away from the discharge hole 215 , that is, the cylinder body 251 is in the shape of a truncated cone, similar to a chimney structure, and accordingly, a vortex effect can be formed in the cylinder body 251 , which can timely and effectively conduct the high temperature and high pressure gas, flame or other substances generated by the battery cell 22 into the discharge channel 216 of the box 21, which is convenient for the fire extinguishing and cooling of the high temperature and high pressure gas and flame, and improves the safety performance of the battery 20.
  • the flow guide 25 can timely and effectively conduct the flame generated by the battery cell 22 into the flow guide channel 252, so that the flame can quickly interact with the flame located in the cylinder.
  • the fire extinguishing element 23 in 251 is in contact, and the flame is extinguished and cooled in a timely and effective manner, so as to prevent the flame from being transmitted to other battery cells 22 adjacent to the out-of-control battery cell 22, and prevent the thermal runaway of other battery cells 22 from causing heat spread.
  • the safety performance of the battery 20 is improved.
  • the number of the air guides 25 is the same as the number of the discharge holes 215 , for example, when there is one discharge hole 215 , the number of the air guides 25 is also one correspondingly.
  • the plurality of discharge holes 215 are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the side wall 212, and each discharge hole 215 is provided with a flow guide 25 to pass through the plurality of discharge holes 215.
  • the arrangement of the air guide 25 can enhance the guiding effect of the air guide 25 .
  • the air guide member 25 further includes a fan 253, and the fan 253 can be fixed on the side wall 212 and/or the bottom wall 211, and Fan 253 is configured to activate in the event of thermal runaway of battery cell 22 to accelerate flame flow to exhaust hole 215 .
  • the side wall 212 close to the accommodating cavity 213 includes two adjacent sub-sides, one of the sub-sides is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and the other sub-side is parallel to the horizontal direction, forming the structure shown in FIG. 13 or FIG. 14 . , so that the fan 253 can be fixed on the sub-side surface parallel to the horizontal direction, and the outlet of the fan 253 corresponds to the discharge hole 215 .
  • the discharge holes 215 may be arranged on the sub-sides perpendicular to the horizontal direction, or may be arranged on the sub-sides parallel to the horizontal direction, or the discharge holes 215 may be arranged on two sub-sides at the same time, so that The circulation path of the flame can be increased, and the number of the fire extinguishing elements 23 can be increased, so as to improve the fire extinguishing speed and improve the safety performance of the battery 20 .
  • the fan 253 can also be electrically connected to the battery management system (not shown in the figure), and the battery management system provides power for the fan and controls the working state of the fan.
  • the battery management system will receive The early warning signal is sent, and the fan is controlled to start to work, so as to quickly conduct the flame generated when the battery cell 22 is thermally out of control to the discharge hole 215 and the discharge channel 216, and use the fire extinguishing element 23 to extinguish the flame and reduce the temperature to improve the safety of the battery 20. performance.
  • the air guide 25 also includes a fan cover (not shown in the figure), wherein the fan 253 is arranged in the fan cover, and the fan 253 is protected by the fan cover.
  • the fan cover is fixed in the box body 21, that is, the fan cover can be fixed on the side wall 212 and/or the bottom wall 211. It should be understood that in this embodiment, the fan cover can be directly fixed on the side of the box body 21.
  • the wall 212 and/or the bottom wall 211 can also be fixed on the side wall 212 and/or the bottom wall 211 of the box body through brackets.
  • the fan cover has an air inlet and an air outlet that are connected to each other.
  • the air inlet constitutes a diversion channel 252
  • the air outlet is located above the discharge hole 215 , so that the flame generated by the battery cell 22 can be conducted to the diversion channel 252 in a timely and effective manner.
  • the fire extinguishing member 23 can be arranged in the air outlet, and the fire extinguishing member 23 is in the shape of a honeycomb.
  • the fan 253 can timely and effectively conduct the gas in the box 21 to the air outlet.
  • the gas is then discharged to the outside of the box body 21 , so as to maintain the pressure balance inside and outside the box body 21 .
  • the fan 253 can timely and effectively conduct the flame generated by the battery cell 22 into the diversion channel 252, so that the flame can be quickly extinguished with the flame located in the fan cover. 23, the flame can be extinguished and cooled in a timely and effective manner, so as to prevent the flame from being transmitted to other battery cells 22 adjacent to the runaway battery cell 22, and prevent the thermal runaway of other battery cells 22 from causing thermal spread, thereby improving the battery life. 20 safety features.

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Abstract

一种箱体（21）、电池（20）及装置（100）。该箱体（21）上设有排放孔（215），所述排放孔（215）用于将电池单体（22）热失控时产生的火焰从所述箱体（21）内部排出；所述箱体（21）上还设有灭火件（23），所述灭火件（23）用于在所述火焰经过所述排放孔（215）时，对所述火焰进行灭火降温。通过在箱体（21）上设置排放孔（215）和灭火件（23），当电池单体（22）热失控时产生的火焰经过排放孔（215）时，灭火件（23）能够释放出灭火剂，对上述的火焰进行灭火降温，防止火焰经由排放孔（215）从箱体（21）内部排出，提高了电池（20）的安全性能。

Description

箱体、电池及装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2020年10月19日提交的名称为“箱体、电池及装置”的中国专利申请202011120254.9的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种箱体、电池及装置。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车的广泛应用，电池被广泛地应用在新能源汽车中，以作为新能源汽车的动力输出装置。
电池通常包括箱体以及位于箱体内的多个电池单体，由于电池单体在热失控时会产生高温气体和/或火焰，高温气体和/或火焰通过电池单体的防爆阀释放到箱体内。为了将高温气体和/或火焰传递至箱体的外部，通常是在箱体的侧壁上设置排放孔，使得高温气体和/或火焰经由排放孔排出箱体的外部。
但是，排放孔在将高温气体排出箱体的外部同时，也会将火焰排出箱体，降低电池的安全性能。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种箱体、电池及装置，用于对电池单体热失控时产生的火焰进行灭火降温，提高电池的安全性能。
为了实现上述目的，本申请实施例提供如下技术方案：
本申请实施例的第一方面提供一种箱体，用于电池，箱体上设有排放 孔，排放孔用于将电池单体热失控时产生的火焰从箱体内部排出；箱体上还设有灭火件，灭火件用于在火焰经过排放孔时，对火焰进行灭火降温。
本实施例通过在箱体上设置排放孔和灭火件，当电池单体热失控时产生的火焰经过排放孔时，灭火件能够释放出灭火剂，对上述的火焰进行灭火降温，防止火焰经由排放孔从箱体内部排出，提高了电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，排放孔的外周设置有灭火件。
本实施例中，通过在排放孔的外周设置灭火件，当火焰经过排放孔时，灭火件能够及时对火焰进行灭火降温，避免火焰从排放孔排放到箱体的外部，防止威胁到使用该电池的装置和使用者的安全，提高了电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，灭火件被配置为覆盖部分排放孔。
在本实施例中，通过将灭火件配置为覆盖部分排放孔，当火焰经过排放孔时，火焰可以与灭火件快速地接触，以使灭火件能够及时对火焰进行灭火降温，避免火焰从排放孔排放到箱体的外部，防止威胁到使用该电池的装置和使用者的安全，提高了电池的安全性能。
此外，本实施例中灭火件并未覆盖全部的排放孔，这样在电池单体没有发生热失控时，容纳腔内的气体能够经由排放孔排出箱体内部，以保持箱体内外的气压平衡，提高了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，箱体包括底壁以及连接于底壁外周的侧壁，底壁与侧壁围成用于放置电池单体的容纳腔，排放孔设置于侧壁和/或底壁。
在本实施例中，通过将排放孔设置在侧壁和/或底壁上，可以快速将火焰引导至排放孔，防止火焰在箱体内聚集，降低电池单体发生火灾的风险。
在一些实施例中，侧壁和/或底壁的内部具有排放通道，排放通道的一端与排放孔连通，排放通道的另一端与箱体的外部连通。
在本实施例中，侧壁和/或底壁的内部具有排放通道，通过排放通道的设置，可以对热失控产生的气体进行缓冲，防止上述气体的速度过大破坏箱 体。
在一些实施例中，箱体还包括泄压阀，排放通道的另一端经由泄压阀与箱体的外部连通，泄压阀用于在排放通道的内部压力达到阈值时泄放内部压力。
本实施例中通过泄压阀的设置可以便于电池单体的排放物及时有效的排放到箱体的外部。
在一些实施例中，排放通道内设置有灭火件。
在本实施例中，可以通过设置在排放通道内的灭火件对火焰进行第二次灭火，这样通过两次灭火，可以保证排放到箱体外部的气体中基本不含有或含有极少的火焰，提高了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，灭火件被构造为包括灭火剂的灭火板，灭火板固定于箱体内，且灭火板被配置为在火焰经过排放孔时释放灭火剂，以对火焰进行灭火降温。
本实施例将灭火件构造为包括灭火剂的灭火板，便于灭火剂的设置，当火焰经过排放孔时，灭火剂吸收大量的热量，发生热熔、气化等物理吸收过程，使得气化后的灭火剂通过出口扩散至排放孔处，以对火焰进行灭火降温。
在一些实施例中，灭火板设置有通孔，通孔与排放孔连通。
本实施例通过在灭火板上设置与排放孔连通的通孔，可以便于灭火剂的释放，提高灭火件灭火降温的效果。
在一些实施例中，箱体还包括容纳槽，容纳槽用于容纳灭火件，且容纳槽的槽壁设置有排放孔。
本实施例通过容纳槽的设置，可以增大用于安装灭火件的放置体积，进而可以在容纳槽内安装多个灭火件，增加了灭火件的灭火效果。
另外，容纳槽还可以存储从箱体外部进入箱体内的水汽，防止水汽与电池单体的正电极端子和/或负电极端子连接，造成电池单体形成短路，影响 电池单体的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，箱体还包括导流件，导流件连接于排放孔的外周，导流件用于将火焰引导至排放孔。
本实施例通过导流件的设置，可以将火焰引导至排放孔，防止火焰在箱体内聚集，降低电池单体发生火灾的风险。
在一些实施例中，导流件包括与排放孔连通的导流通道，导流通道内设置有灭火件。
在本实施例中，通过在导流件内设置具有灭火件的导流通道，当火焰传递至导流通道时，火焰快速地与灭火件接触，可以及时有效对火焰进行灭火降温。
在一些实施例中，导流件包括两端开口的筒体，筒体的内腔用于形成导流通道，且筒体的直径从靠近排放孔的一端向远离排放孔的一端逐渐增大。
本实施例通过对筒体的直径的进行设计，使得筒体内可以形成涡流效应，能够及时有效地将电池单体产生的高温高压气体、火焰或者其他物质，传导至箱体的排放通道内，便于高温高压气体、火焰的灭火降温，提高了电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，导流件还包括风扇，风扇被配置为在电池单体热失控时启动以加快火焰流向排放孔。
在本实施例中，通过风扇的设置可以将电池单体发生热失控时产生的火焰快速地传导至排放孔以及排放通道内，利用灭火件对火焰进行灭火降温，提高电池的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，导流件还包括风扇罩，用于防护风扇，风扇罩固定于箱体内，风扇设置在风扇罩内。
在本实施例中，可以通过风扇罩对风扇进行防护，提高了风扇的使用寿命。
本申请实施例的第二方面提供一种电池，其包括上述的箱体和电池单体；箱体具有容纳腔，电池单体设置于容纳腔内。
由于本实施例中电池包括上述的箱体，因此，可以在电池单体热失控时产生的火焰经过排放孔时，灭火件能够释放出灭火剂，对上述的火焰进行灭火降温，防止火焰经由排放孔从箱体内部排出，提高了电池的安全性能。
本申请实施例的第三方面提供一种装置，其包括上述的电池，电池用于提供电能。
由于本实施例中装置包括上述的电池，因此，可以在电池单体热失控时产生的火焰经过排放孔时，灭火件能够释放出灭火剂，对上述的火焰进行灭火降温，防止火焰经由排放孔从箱体内部排出，提高了电池的安全性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的装置的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的电池的结构示意图；
图3是图2中A区域的放大示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的箱体的结构示意图一；
图5是图4中B区域的放大示意图；
图6是图4中C区域的放大示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的箱体的俯视图；
图8是图7中D-D方向的剖视图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的箱体的结构示意图二；
图10是图9中E区域的放大示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的箱体的结构示意图三；
图12是图11中F区域的放大示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的箱体的结构示意图四；
图14是图13中G区域的放大示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：
100：装置；10：车辆主体；20：电池；21：箱体；211：底壁；212：侧壁；2121：第一侧面；2122：第二侧面；213：容纳腔；214：隔板；215：排放孔；216：排放通道；217：泄压阀；218：连接板；219：加强板；22：电池单体；221：正电极端子；222：负电极端子；223：防爆阀；23：灭火件；24：容纳槽；25：导流件；251：筒体；252：导流通道；253：风扇；30：驱动机构；40：控制器；50：车轮。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况 理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请的申请人在实际工作过程中发现：当电池单体受到外界的碰撞或者是电池单体自身的影响，例如，电池单体存在过充过放或者电池单体发生短路，电池单体就会发生热失控，当电池单体发生热失控时，电池单体会释放出火焰，该火焰可能会致使箱体内发生火灾，威胁到电池的安全以及使用该电池的装置的安全。
针对上述的技术问题，本申请实施例提供了一种箱体、电池以及装置，通过在箱体上设置排放孔和灭火件，当电池单体热失控时产生的火焰经过排放孔时，灭火件能够释放出灭火剂，对上述的火焰进行灭火降温，防止火焰经由排放孔从箱体内部排出，提高了电池的安全性能和使用该电池的装置的安全性能。
在一种具体实施例中，本申请实施例提供一种装置100包括电池20，电池20用于给装置100提供电能，本申请实施例中提供的装置100，可以为车辆，例如：车辆可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，且新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。
此外，装置100还可以为其他储能装置，比如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、船舶及航天器等，其中，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机或者宇宙飞船。
本申请实施例描述的电池不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的装置100，但是为了描述简洁，下述实施例均以车辆为例进行说明。
如图1所示，车辆可以包括车辆主体10以及设置在车辆主体10上的电池20，其中，车辆主体10可以包括车架以及设置在车架上的驱动机构30和车轮50，驱动机构30通过传动机构与车轮50连接，电池20与驱动机构30电连接，以为驱动机构30提供电能，进而为车轮50提供动力，使得车轮50沿着预定的路线进行行驶。
车架上还可以设置控制器40，控制器40可以用来控制电池20为驱动机构30进行供电。
本申请实施例中的电池20除了用于给驱动机构30和控制器40提供电能之外，还可以为车辆的导航系统提供电能。
如图2和图3所示，本申请实施例提供了一种电池20，电池20可以应用于上述的装置100中，其中，电池20包括箱体21和电池单体22。
该箱体21具有容纳腔，以将多个电池单体22安装在容纳腔内，多个电池单体22阵列排布在箱体21内，每个电池单体22通常包括电极组件(未示出)和电解液(未示出)，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片、设置在正极极片和负极极片之间的隔膜组成，电池单体22主要依靠金属离子(例如锂离子)在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来提供电能。
正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。
负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。
隔膜的材质可以为PP或PE等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，电极组件的数量可以为一个或多个，本申请实施例对此不做具体限制。
电池单体22还包括壳体，电极组件和电解液均封装在壳体内，壳体可以为中空的长方体、正方体或圆柱体，壳体的材质可以为铝或钢及其合金，也可以是塑料材质或者铝塑膜。
壳体上还设置有正电极端子221和负电极端子222，正极极耳与正电极端子221电连接，负极极耳与负电极端子222电连接，以输出电能。
壳体上还设置有防爆阀223，防爆阀223可以设置在壳体的任意位置，例如防爆阀223可以设置在壳体的顶部、底部或侧部，防爆阀223也可以设置在正电极端子221和负电极端子222之间，本申请对此不做具体的限制，只要可以实现释放电池单体22的内部压力即可。
在一些实施例中，如图4至图7所示，箱体21可以包括底壁211以及连接在底壁211外周的侧壁212，底壁211与侧壁212围合成用于容纳电池单体22的容纳腔213，本实施例中，利用箱体21对容置于容纳腔213内的电池单体22进行保护，其中，容纳腔213可以为规则形状，例如，长方形，也可以为其他任意不规则形状。
容纳腔213可以包括多个子容纳腔，例如，容纳腔213内设置有多个隔板214，多个隔板214纵横交错分布在容纳腔213内，以将容纳腔213分割多个子容纳腔，这样既可以增加箱体21的结构强度，也可以便于电池单体22的放置。
箱体21还可以包括顶壁(图中未示出)，顶壁盖设在侧壁212的顶部，防止外界的杂物从侧壁212围成的顶部开口处，进入箱体21的容纳腔213内，提高了容纳腔213清洁度和安全性。
需要理解的是，本实施例中的侧壁212可以为分体结构，即侧壁212可以由四个子侧壁首尾相连围合形成；侧壁212也可以是一体件，当侧壁212为一体件时，可以提高箱体21的结构强度。
电池单体22在发生热失控时，会产生高温高压气体、火焰或者其他排放物，上述的物质会从电池单体22的防爆阀223排放到容纳腔213内，为了将这些高温高压气体、火焰或者其他排放物排放到箱体21的外部，通常在箱体21上设置排放孔215，排放孔215用于将高温高压气体、火焰以及其他排放物排放到箱体21外。
其中，排放孔215可以设置在箱体21的至少一个壁上，例如，排放孔215可以设置上述的顶壁、底壁211或者侧壁212上，又例如，排放孔215可以同时设置在底壁211和侧壁212上，或者是同时设置在侧壁212和顶壁上。
当排放孔215设置在侧壁212上时，如图4所示，排放孔215可以设置在相对设置两个子侧壁上，这两个子侧壁可以沿箱体的长度方向间隔分布，箱体21的长度方向即图4中X方向，同时，每个子侧壁上的排放孔215的个数可以为多个，多个排放孔215沿箱体21的宽度方向间隔分布，箱体21的宽度方向即图4中Y方向。
当电池单体22受到外界的碰撞或者是电池单体22自身的影响(例如过充或短路)，会发生热失控，进而电池单体22会释放出火焰或者其他物质，该火焰也会从排放孔215排出，为了防止箱体21内发生火灾，威胁到电池20的安全以及使用该电池20的装置100的安全，本申请实施例在箱体21上设有灭火件23，当火焰经过排放孔215时，灭火件23能够对火焰进行灭火降温，防止火焰蔓延至箱体21外，保证了使用该电池20的装置100和使用者的安全。
在本实施例中，电池单体22释放出的其他物质，可以为电解液、金属屑或者固体颗粒物。
电池单体22的热失控是指电池单体22在使用过程中发生的一种积累性的增强作用并逐步损坏。比如，电池单体22在工作过程中会产生热量，在常态下，电池单体22产生的热量是可控的，但是，在非常态，如碰撞、过充电状态下，电池单体22产生的热量是不可控的，导致发生热失控。
灭火件23用于在火焰经过排放孔215时，对火焰进行灭火降温，因此，灭火件23需要与排放孔215相对应，也就是说，如图5所示，可以在排放孔215的外周设置有灭火件23，当火焰经过排放孔时，灭火件23能够及时对火焰进行灭火降温，避免火焰从排放孔215排放到箱体21的外部，防止威胁到使用该电池20的装置100和使用者的安全，提高了电池20的安全性能。
需要说明的是，本实施例中的外周可以理解为，箱体21的侧壁212上靠近排放孔215边缘的区域，或者是，箱体21的底壁211上靠近排放孔215边缘的区域。
在本实施例中，灭火件23可以为分体结构，即灭火件23可以由多个子灭火件构成，多个子灭火件沿排放孔215的边缘间隔设置；灭火件23也可以为一体件，例如，排放孔215的形状可以为圆形，相应地，灭火件23可以为圆环形，圆环形的灭火件23环绕排放孔215设置。
在一些实施例中，灭火件23被配置为覆盖部分排放孔215，也就是说，灭火件23靠近排放孔215的边缘可以与排放孔215的边缘重合，也可以是，灭火件23靠近排放孔215的边缘且有一部分灭火件23位于排放孔215内，但并未覆盖整个排放孔215，这样，当火焰经过排放孔215时，火焰可以与灭火件23快速地接触，灭火件23能够及时对火焰进行灭火降温，避免火焰从排放孔215排放到箱体21的外部，防止威胁到使用该电池20的装置100和使用者的安全，提高了电池20的安全性能。
此外，灭火件23并未覆盖整个排放孔215，在电池单体22没有发生热失控时，容纳腔213内的气体能够经由排放孔215排出箱体21内部，以保持箱体21内外的气压平衡，提高了电池20的安全性。
在一些实施例中，如图8所示，侧壁212和/或底壁211的内部具有排放通道216，即侧壁212和底壁211中至少一个具有中空内腔，该中空内腔 构成排放通道216，排放通道216的一端与排放孔215连通，排放通道216的另一端与箱体21的外部连通，进而使得电池单体22的内部压力或者温度达到阈值时，电池单体22产生火焰经过灭火降温后，先排放到排放通道216中，再通过排放通道216的另一端排放到箱体21的外部。
电池单体22产生的火焰经过灭火降温后，形成低温的气体，本实施例通过排放通道216的设置，可以对上述的气体进行缓冲，防止低温的气体的速度过大破坏箱体21。
需要说明的是，本实施例中排放通道216可以是规则的形状，例如，中空长方体；也可以为其他任意不规则的形状。
进一步地，排放通道216内设置有灭火件23，电池单体22发生热失控时产生的火焰，会优先传递至排放孔215外周的灭火件23，利用排放孔215外周的灭火件23对火焰进行第一次灭火，部分火焰被灭火后形成的气体和未被灭火的火焰会通过排放孔215进入排放通道216中，此时，设置在排放通道216内的灭火件23会对火焰进行第二次灭火，本实施例通过两次灭火，可以保证排放到箱体21外部的气体中基本不含有或含有极少的火焰，提高了电池20的安全性。
在一些实施例中，为了便于电池单体22的排放物及时有效的排放到箱体21的外部，本实施例提供的箱体21还包括泄压阀217，排放通道216的另一端经由泄压阀217与箱体21的外部连通，泄压阀217用于在排放通道216的内部压力达到阈值时泄放内部压力。
泄压阀217的设置位置可以通过以下的实施方式进行描述，需要说明的是，下面实施方式仅是示例性的给出了一种可行的实施方式，而不是对箱体的泄压阀217进行限定。
如图4和图6所示，侧壁212具有相对设置的第一侧面2121和第二侧面2122，其中，第一侧面2121靠近箱体21的容纳腔213，排放孔215设置在第一侧面2121上，相应地，泄压阀217设置在第二侧面2122上，且泄压阀217在第一侧面2121上的投影可以位于排放孔215内，也就是说，排放孔215与泄压阀217相对设置，这样能够便于电池单体22的排放物及时有效的排放到箱体21的外部。
在本实施例中，箱体21上还可以设置连接板218，可以通过连接板218将电池20安装在装置100上，例如，通过连接板218将电池20安装在 车辆的车架上。
连接板218上设有加强板219，加强板219背离连接板218的一端连接在箱体21的侧壁212上，以提高连接板218的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，灭火件23被构造为包括灭火剂的灭火板，灭火板固定于箱体21内，也就是说，灭火板可以通过粘结的方式固定在底壁211和/或侧壁212上，灭火板被配置为在火焰经过排放孔215时释放灭火剂，以对火焰进行灭火降温。
其中，灭火板与灭火剂的设置方式，可以通过下述的两种实施方式进行描述，需要说明的是，下面的两种实施例方式仅是示例性地给出两种可行的实施方式，而不是对灭火板和灭火剂的设置方式进行限定。
在一种实施方式中，灭火件23可以为具有空腔的灭火板，灭火剂可以设置在灭火板的内腔中，相应地，灭火板上可以设置多个出口，当火焰经过排放孔215时，灭火剂吸收大量的热量，发生热熔、气化等物理吸收过程，使得气化后的灭火剂通过出口扩散至排放孔215处，以对火焰进行灭火降温。
在另一种实施方式中，灭火件23由灭火剂压制形成致密的灭火板，其中，灭火剂中包含金属盐微粒子，这样金属盐离子具有物理降温抑制、气相化学抑制、固相化学抑制以及降低氧浓度的功能。
当火焰经过排放孔215时，灭火剂吸收大量的热量，发生热熔、气化等物理吸收过程，使得气化后的灭火剂扩散至排放孔处，以对火焰进行灭火降温。
同时在热作用下，灭火剂能够分解产生气化的金属离子，或者失去电子的阳离子会与燃烧中的活性基团发生亲和反应，会大量消耗活性基团，减少自由基。
灭火剂中具有大量的微粒，这些微粒具有很大的表面积和表面能，可吸附燃烧中的活性基团，并发生化学作用，大量消耗活性基团，减少燃烧自由基。
另外，灭火剂会产生大量的氮气、二氧化碳等惰性气体，可降低燃烧中氧浓度，阻止进一步燃烧。
进一步地，灭火板上还设置有通孔(图中未示出)，通孔与排放孔215连通，以增加火焰与灭火板之间的接触面积，增加灭火板灭火效果。
其中，通孔的个数可以为多个，多个通孔呈蜂窝状排布在灭火板上，且通孔与排放孔215连通，这样当电池单体22未发生热失控之前，容纳腔213内的气体可以通过通孔和排放孔215，排放到箱体21的外部，当电池单体22发生热失控时，火焰在经过灭火板时，可以增加火焰与灭火板之间的接触面积，进而增加灭火板灭火效果。
在一些实施例中，如图9和图10所示，箱体21还包括容纳槽24，容纳槽24用于容纳灭火件23，且容纳槽24的槽壁设置有排放孔215。
容纳槽24可以设置在侧壁212和/或底壁211上，其中，当容纳槽24设置在侧壁212上时，容纳槽24可以设置在任意一个子侧壁上，例如，以图9所示的方位为例，容纳槽24设置在左侧壁上，且该左侧壁靠近容纳腔213的侧面包括两个相邻接的子侧面，其中一个子侧面与水平方向垂直，另一个子侧面相对于水平方向倾斜设置，即两个相邻接的子侧面之间具有预设夹角，使得两个相邻接的子侧面围成的容纳槽24，这样可以增大用于安装灭火件23的放置体积，进而可以在容纳槽24内安装多个灭火件23，增加了灭火件23的灭火效果。
此外，在实际的应用过程中，外界的水汽可能会通过排放孔215进入箱体21内部，本实施例中，容纳槽24还可以存储从箱体21外部进入箱体21内的水汽，防止水汽与电池单体22的正电极端子221和/或负电极端子222连接，造成电池单体22形成短路，影响电池单体22的使用寿命。
在本实施例中，预设夹角可以为锐角，以使得两个相邻接的子侧面形成V型容纳槽24；为了增加V型容纳槽24的面积，可以使两个相邻接的子侧面之间形成平滑过渡，以使得两个相邻接的子侧面形成U型容纳槽24。
需要说明的是，排放孔215的个数可以为多个，多个排放孔215沿侧壁212的宽度方向间隔设置。
在一些实施例中，如图11所示，箱体21还包括导流件25，导流件25连接于排放孔215的外周，即导流件25环绕排放孔215设置，导流件25用于将火焰引导至排放孔215，防止火焰在箱体21内聚集，降低电池单体22发生火灾的风险。
为了加快灭火件23的灭火速度，导流件25包括与排放孔215连通的导流通道252，该导流通道252内设置灭火件23，当火焰传递至导流通道 252时，火焰快速地与灭火件23接触，可以及时有效对火焰进行灭火降温。
作为导流件25的一种可选地实施方式，如图12所示，导流件25包括两端开口的筒体251，筒体251的内腔用于形成导流通道252，导流件25的一端可以固定在侧壁212上，并使导流通道252与排放孔215连通。
为了提高导流件25的稳固性，导流件25的外表面还可以固定连接在容纳槽24的槽壁上，其中，本实施例中的固定连接，可以为焊接或者是粘结。
筒体251的直径从靠近排放孔215的一端向远离排放孔215的一端逐渐增大，也就是说，筒体251为圆台形，类似于烟囱结构，相应地，筒体251内可以形成涡流效应，能够及时有效地将电池单体22产生的高温高压气体、火焰或者其他物质，传导至箱体21的排放通道216内，便于高温高压气体、火焰的灭火降温，提高了电池20的安全性能。
此外，当某个电池单体22发生热失控，形成火焰时，导流件25能够及时有效地将电池单体22产生的火焰，传导至导流通道252内，使得火焰快速地与位于筒体251内灭火件23接触，及时有效对火焰进行灭火降温，避免该火焰传递至与该失控的电池单体22临近的其他电池单体22处，防止其他电池单体22发生热失控引发热蔓延，提高了电池20的安全性能。
在本实施例中，导流件25的个数与排放孔215的个数一致，例如，当排放孔215的是一个时，相应地，导流件25的个数也为一个。又例如，当排放孔215的个数为多个时，多个排放孔215沿着侧壁212的宽度方向间隔设置，且每个排放孔215上均设有一个导流件25，通过多个导流件25的设置，可以增强导流件25的引导作用。
作为导流件25的另一种可选地实施方式，如图13和图14所示，导流件25还包括风扇253，风扇253可以固定在侧壁212和/或底壁211上，且风扇253被配置为在电池单体22热失控时启动以加快火焰流向排放孔215。
当侧壁212靠近容纳腔213的侧面包括两个相邻接的子侧面，其中一个子侧面与水平方向垂直，另一个子侧面相对于水平方向平行，形成如图13或图14所示的结构，这样风扇253可以固定在与水平方向平行的子侧面上，且风扇253的出口与排放孔215相对应。
在本实施例中，排放孔215可以设置在与水平方向垂直的子侧面 上，也可以是设置在与水平方向平行的子侧面上，或者是，排放孔215同时设置在两个子侧面上，这样可以增加火焰的流通路径，并可以增加灭火件23的设置个数，以提高灭火速度，提高电池20的安全性能。
风扇253还可以与电池管理系统(图中未示出)电连接，通过电池管理系统为风扇提供电力，并控制风扇的工作状态，当电池单体22发生热失控时，电池管理系统会接收到预警信号，并控制风扇开始工作，以将电池单体22发生热失控时产生的火焰快速地传导至排放孔215以及排放通道216内，利用灭火件23对火焰进行灭火降温，提高电池20的安全性能。
进一步地，导流件25还包括风扇罩(图中未示出)，其中，风扇253设置在风扇罩内，利用风扇罩对风扇253进行防护。
风扇罩固定于箱体21内，也就是说，风扇罩可以固定于侧壁212和/或底壁211上，需要理解的是，本实施例中，风扇罩可以直接固定在箱体21的侧壁212和/或底壁211上，也可以通过支架固定在箱体的侧壁212和/或底壁211上。
风扇罩具有相互连通的进风口和出风口，进风口构成了导流通道252，出风口位于排放孔215的上方，这样能够及时有效地将电池单体22产生的火焰，传导至导流通道252内。
在本实施例中，灭火件23可以设置在出风口内，且灭火件23呈蜂窝状，当电池单体22未发生热失控时，风扇253能够及时有效地将箱体21内的气体传导至箱体21的排放通道216内，进而排放到箱体21外部，保持箱体21内外的压力平衡。
此外，当某个电池单体22发生热失控，形成火焰时，风扇253能够及时有效地将电池单体22产生的火焰，传导至导流通道252内，使得火焰快速地与位于风扇罩内灭火件23接触，及时有效对火焰进行灭火降温，避免该火焰传递至与该失控的电池单体22临近的其他电池单体22处，防止其他电池单体22发生热失控引发热蔓延，提高了电池20的安全性能。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种箱体，用于电池，包括：所述箱体上设有排放孔，所述排放孔用于将电池单体热失控时产生的火焰从所述箱体内部排出；
    所述箱体上还设有灭火件，所述灭火件用于在所述火焰经过所述排放孔时，对所述火焰进行灭火降温。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的箱体，其中，所述排放孔的外周设置有所述灭火件。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的箱体，其中，所述灭火件被配置为覆盖部分所述排放孔。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的箱体，其中，所述箱体包括底壁以及连接于所述底壁外周的侧壁，所述底壁与所述侧壁围成用于放置电池单体的容纳腔，所述排放孔设置于所述侧壁和/或所述底壁。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的箱体，其中，所述侧壁和/或所述底壁的内部具有排放通道，所述排放通道的一端与所述排放孔连通，所述排放通道的另一端与所述箱体的外部连通。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的箱体，其中，所述箱体还包括泄压阀，所述排放通道的所述另一端经由所述泄压阀与所述箱体的外部连通，所述泄压阀用于在所述排放通道的内部压力达到阈值时泄放所述内部压力。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的箱体，其中，所述排放通道内设置有所述灭火件。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的箱体，其中，所述灭火件被构造为包括灭火剂的灭火板，所述灭火板固定于所述箱体内，且所述灭火板被配置为在所述火焰经过所述排放孔时释放所述灭火剂，以对所述火焰进行灭火降温。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的箱体，其中，所述灭火板设置有通孔，所述通孔与所述排放孔连通。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的箱体，其中，所述箱体还包括容纳槽，所述容纳槽用于容纳所述灭火件，且所述容纳槽的槽壁设置有所述排放孔。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的箱体，其中，所述箱体还包括导流件，所述导流件连接于所述排放孔的外周，所述导流件用于将所述火焰引导至所述排放孔。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的箱体，其中，所述导流件包括与所述排放孔连通的导流通道，所述导流通道内设置有所述灭火件。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的箱体，其中，所述导流件包括两端开口的筒体，所述筒体的内腔用于形成所述导流通道，且所述筒体的直径从靠近所述排放孔的一端向远离所述排放孔的一端逐渐增大。
  14. 根据权利要求11-13任一项所述的箱体，其中，所述导流件还包括风扇，所述风扇被配置为在所述电池单体热失控时启动以加快所述火焰流向所述排放孔。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的箱体，其中，所述导流件还包括风扇罩，用于防护所述风扇，所述风扇罩固定于所述箱体内，所述风扇设置在所述风扇罩内。
  16. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1-15任一项所述的箱体和电池单体；
    所述箱体具有容纳腔，所述电池单体设置于所述容纳腔内。
  17. 一种装置，包括权利要求16所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2021/073916 2020-10-19 2021-01-27 箱体、电池及装置 WO2022083022A1 (zh)

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