WO2022077710A1 - 发动机冷却系统及其冷却方法 - Google Patents

发动机冷却系统及其冷却方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022077710A1
WO2022077710A1 PCT/CN2020/131225 CN2020131225W WO2022077710A1 WO 2022077710 A1 WO2022077710 A1 WO 2022077710A1 CN 2020131225 W CN2020131225 W CN 2020131225W WO 2022077710 A1 WO2022077710 A1 WO 2022077710A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water storage
cylinder head
temperature value
storage chamber
upper water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/131225
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
傅晓磊
荣超
王霞
魏建强
Original Assignee
潍柴动力股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 潍柴动力股份有限公司 filed Critical 潍柴动力股份有限公司
Priority to EP20957484.7A priority Critical patent/EP4219915A1/en
Priority to US18/028,377 priority patent/US11898487B2/en
Publication of WO2022077710A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022077710A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/02—Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/20—Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
    • F01P5/10—Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
    • F01P7/165—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control characterised by systems with two or more loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
    • F02F1/40—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling cylinder heads with means for directing, guiding, or distributing liquid stream 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/02—Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads
    • F01P2003/027—Cooling cylinders and cylinder heads in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/02—Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads
    • F01P2003/028—Cooling cylinders and cylinder heads in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P2007/146—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
    • F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of diesel engines, and in particular relates to an engine cooling system and a cooling method thereof.
  • the combustion chamber is a device in which the engine organizes the combustion of fuel and oxygen to generate a large amount of high-temperature gas (heat). It is mainly a space composed of the top surface of the piston, the bottom surface of the cylinder head and the relevant parts of the cylinder liner, which is located around the top dead center position. . Therefore, the heat taken away by the engine cooling water is mainly obtained from the heat exchange between the bottom plate of the cylinder head, the upper area of the cylinder liner and the high temperature gas in the combustion chamber. Therefore, the bottom plate of the cylinder head and the upper area of the cylinder liner are the key parts of cooling water cooling. The heat on the top surface of the piston is mainly cooled by the lubrication system.
  • the existing engine cooling system cannot simultaneously improve the warm-up effect and precise cooling effect of the engine.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to at least solve the problem that the existing engine cooling system cannot simultaneously improve the warm-up effect and precise cooling effect of the engine. This purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides an engine cooling system, including:
  • the water jacket of the body includes: an upper water jacket of the body, and the upper water jacket of the body is provided with an upper water storage cavity of the body and an upper cooling water cavity of the cylinder liner communicated with the upper water storage cavity of the body;
  • the body also includes: a lower water jacket of the body, a lower water storage cavity of the body and a lower cooling water cavity of the cylinder liner communicated with the lower water storage cavity of the body are arranged on the lower water jacket of the body, and the lower water storage cavity of the body is connected with the lower water storage cavity of the body.
  • a first valve is arranged between the upper water storage chambers of the body, and the first valve is used to control the connection or disconnection of the lower water storage chamber of the body and the upper water storage chamber of the body;
  • the cylinder head water jacket comprises: a cylinder head upper water jacket, a cylinder head upper water storage cavity is provided on the cylinder head upper water jacket, and the cylinder head upper water storage cavity is communicated with the upper cooling water cavity of the cylinder head, A second valve is arranged between the upper water storage cavity of the cylinder head and the upper water storage cavity of the body, and the second valve is used to control the communication between the upper water storage cavity of the cylinder head and the upper water storage cavity of the body or disconnect;
  • the cylinder head water jacket further includes: a cylinder head lower water jacket, the cylinder head lower water jacket is communicated with the cooling water cavity at the lower part of the cylinder liner.
  • the first valve when the engine needs to be warmed up, the first valve is opened, the lower water storage cavity of the body is communicated with the upper water storage cavity of the body, and a part of the cooling water directly flows from the upper water storage cavity of the body into the lower water storage cavity of the body .
  • the cooling water flow into the engine body is reduced. Under the condition that the heat emitted by the engine remains unchanged, the cooling water flowing through the upper cooling water cavity of the cylinder liner, the lower water jacket of the cylinder liner and other engine bodies rises faster, improving the warm-up effect.
  • the water jacket on the cylinder head When cooling is required, the water jacket on the cylinder head is connected to the upper water storage cavity of the body, the cooling water no longer cools the upper part of the cylinder liner and the water storage cavity of the cylinder head, and the temperature is lower, so the cooling water temperature of the water jacket on the cylinder head can be reduced, Improve cooling effect.
  • engine cooling system according to the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the engine cooling system further includes:
  • a first temperature sensor which is used to measure the temperature of the water jacket under the cylinder head
  • the first valve and the second valve are both electronically controlled throttle valves, the controller controls the first valve to open or close according to the signal of the first temperature sensor, or the controller The second valve is controlled to open or close according to the signal of the first temperature sensor.
  • the engine cooling system further includes:
  • the second temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the water storage cavity in the lower part of the body
  • the controller controls the opening of the first valve according to the signal of the first temperature sensor and the signal of the second temperature sensor.
  • the controller controls the opening degree of the second valve according to the signal of the first temperature sensor.
  • a first bypass pipeline is arranged between the lower water storage cavity of the machine body and the upper water storage cavity of the machine body, and the first valve is arranged on the first bypass pipeline ;
  • a second bypass pipeline is arranged between the upper water storage cavity of the cylinder head and the upper water storage cavity of the body, and the second valve is arranged on the second bypass pipeline.
  • the engine cooling system further includes:
  • the lower water storage cavity of the body is communicated with the thermostat
  • a water pump one end of the water pump is communicated with the upper water storage cavity of the body, and the other end of the water pump is communicated with the thermostat;
  • one end of the heat exchanger is communicated with the thermostat, and the other end of the heat exchanger is communicated with the water pump.
  • the present invention also provides an engine cooling method, applying the above engine cooling system, and the specific steps include:
  • the second set temperature value is greater than the first set temperature value, control the upper water storage cavity of the cylinder head and the The upper water storage cavity of the body is communicated.
  • the controlling the communication between the upper water storage chamber of the cylinder head and the upper water storage chamber of the body includes:
  • the current first temperature value of the water jacket under the cylinder head is greater than the first set temperature value, and the current first temperature value of the water jacket under the cylinder head is not greater than the third set temperature value, the third set temperature value
  • the fixed temperature value is greater than the first set temperature value and less than the second set temperature value; calculate the current second temperature value of the lower water storage chamber of the body and the current second temperature value of the water jacket under the cylinder head. a first difference of temperature values
  • the flow rate between the lower water storage chamber of the body and the upper water storage chamber of the body is controlled to decrease, so as to ensure the current first temperature value of the water jacket under the cylinder head greater than the first set temperature value, and not greater than the third set temperature value;
  • the lower water storage chamber of the body is controlled to be disconnected from the upper water storage chamber of the body.
  • the controlling the communication between the upper water storage chamber of the cylinder head and the upper water storage chamber of the body includes:
  • the current first temperature value of the water jacket under the cylinder head is greater than the third set temperature value and not greater than the second set temperature value; control the upper water storage cavity of the cylinder head and the upper storage chamber of the body The flow rate of the water chamber is increased to ensure that the current first temperature value of the water jacket under the cylinder head is greater than the third set temperature value; the lower water storage chamber of the body is controlled to be disconnected from the upper water storage chamber of the body.
  • controlling the communication between the upper water storage chamber of the cylinder head and the upper water storage chamber of the body further comprises:
  • the upper water storage chamber of the cylinder head is controlled to communicate with the upper water storage chamber of the body; the lower water storage chamber of the body is controlled to be stored The cavity is disconnected from the upper water storage cavity of the body.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a cylinder head water jacket in an engine cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a body water jacket in an engine cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a connection diagram of an engine cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a flowchart of an engine cooling method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a logic diagram of an engine cooling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 The upper water storage cavity of the body; 2: The upper cooling water cavity of the cylinder liner; 3: The cylinder head water storage cavity; 4: The upper water jacket of the cylinder head; 5: The lower water jacket of the cylinder head; 6: The lower cooling water cavity of the cylinder liner; 7 : Water storage chamber at the bottom of the body; 8: ECU controller; 9: The first electronically controlled throttle valve; 10: The second electronically controlled throttle valve; 11: Water pump; 12: Heat exchanger; 13: Thermostat; 14 : the first temperature sensor; 15: the second temperature sensor.
  • first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be restricted by these terms. These terms may only be used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of example embodiments.
  • spatially relative terms may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature as shown in the figures, such as “inner”, “outer”, “inner” “, “outside”, “below”, “below”, “above”, “above”, etc.
  • This spatially relative term is intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation other than the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” or “above the other elements or features" above features". Thus, the example term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below.
  • the device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
  • the engine cooling system in this embodiment includes: a body water jacket and a cylinder head water jacket.
  • the body water jacket includes: an upper body water jacket, and the upper body water jacket is provided with an upper body storage tank.
  • the water cavity 1 and the upper cooling water cavity 2 of the cylinder liner communicated with the upper water storage cavity 1 of the body;
  • the body also includes: a water jacket at the lower part of the body, a water storage cavity 7 at the lower part of the body and a cooling water cavity 6 in the lower part of the cylinder liner communicated with the water storage cavity 7 at the lower part of the body, and a water storage cavity 7 at the lower part of the body and the upper part of the body.
  • a first valve is arranged between the chambers 1, and the first valve is used to control the connection or disconnection of the lower water storage chamber 7 of the body and the upper water storage chamber 1 of the body;
  • the water jacket of the cylinder head includes: a water jacket 4 on the cylinder head, a water storage cavity on the cylinder head is provided on the water jacket 4 on the cylinder head, the water storage cavity on the cylinder head is communicated with the cooling water cavity on the upper part of the cylinder head, and the water storage cavity on the cylinder head is provided
  • a second valve is arranged between the water storage chamber 1 on the upper part of the body, and the second valve is used to control the connection or disconnection of the water storage chamber on the cylinder head and the water storage chamber 1 on the upper body of the body;
  • the water jacket of the cylinder head further includes: a lower water jacket 5 of the cylinder head, and the lower water jacket 5 of the cylinder head is communicated with the cooling water cavity 6 at the lower part of the cylinder liner.
  • a first bypass pipeline is arranged between the lower water storage cavity 7 of the body and the upper water storage cavity 1 of the body, and the first valve body is arranged on the first bypass pipeline.
  • a second bypass pipeline is arranged between the upper water storage cavity of the cylinder head and the upper water storage cavity 1 of the body, and the second valve body is arranged on the second bypass pipeline.
  • the first valve When the machine needs to be warmed up, the first valve is opened, the lower water storage chamber 7 of the body is connected to the upper water storage chamber 1 of the body, and a part of the cooling water directly flows from the upper water storage chamber 1 of the body to the lower water storage chamber of the body through the first bypass pipeline. 7.
  • the cooling water flow into the engine body is reduced. Under the condition that the heat emitted by the engine remains unchanged, the cooling water flowing through the upper cooling water cavity 2 of the cylinder liner, the lower water jacket of the cylinder liner and other engine body temperature rises faster, which improves the warm-up effect. .
  • the upper water jacket 4 of the cylinder head When cooling is required, the upper water jacket 4 of the cylinder head is communicated with the upper water storage chamber 1 of the body, the cooling water no longer cools the upper part of the cylinder liner and the water storage chamber 3 of the cylinder head, and the temperature is lower, so the water jacket 4 on the cylinder head can be reduced. Cooling water temperature to improve cooling effect.
  • the engine cooling system further includes:
  • the first temperature sensor 14, the first temperature sensor 14 is used to measure the temperature of the water jacket 5 under the cylinder head;
  • the controller, the first valve and the second valve are both electronically controlled throttle valves, the controller controls the first valve to open or close according to the signal of the first temperature sensor 14, or the controller controls the second valve according to the signal of the first temperature sensor 14.
  • the valve opens or closes.
  • the current first temperature value T1 is less than the first set temperature value T11, and the lower water storage chamber 7 of the body is controlled to communicate with the upper water storage chamber 1 of the body.
  • the current first temperature value T1 is greater than the second set temperature value T13, the upper water storage chamber of the cylinder head is controlled to communicate with the upper water storage chamber 1 of the body, and the second set temperature value 13 is greater than the first set temperature value 11.
  • the engine cooling system further includes:
  • the second temperature sensor 15, the second temperature sensor 15 is used to measure the temperature of the water storage cavity 7 in the lower part of the body;
  • the controller controls the opening of the first valve according to the signal of the first temperature sensor 14 and the signal of the second temperature sensor 15 .
  • the controller controls the opening degree of the second valve according to the signal of the first temperature sensor 14 .
  • a first bypass pipeline is arranged between the lower water storage cavity 7 of the body and the upper water storage cavity 1 of the body, and the first valve is arranged on the first bypass pipeline;
  • a second bypass pipeline is arranged between the upper water storage cavity of the cylinder head and the upper water storage cavity 1 of the body, and the second valve is arranged on the second bypass pipeline.
  • the engine cooling system further includes:
  • the thermostat 13 the lower water storage cavity 7 of the body communicates with the thermostat 13;
  • the water pump 11, one end of the water pump 11 is communicated with the upper water storage chamber 1 of the body, and the other end of the water pump 11 is communicated with the thermostat 13;
  • the heat exchanger 12 In the heat exchanger 12 , one end of the heat exchanger 12 is communicated with the thermostat 13 , and the other end of the heat exchanger 12 is communicated with the water pump 11 .
  • the water pump 11, the heat exchanger 12 and the thermostat 13 and the engine form the entire cooling system circuit.
  • the large cycle When the temperature is low, the large cycle is closed, and the water only goes through a small cycle, which is convenient for raising the temperature.
  • the temperature is high, take a large cycle and close a small cycle to facilitate heat dissipation.
  • the opening degrees of the first electronically controlled throttle valve 9 and the second electronically controlled throttle valve 10 are controlled by the ECU controller 8 .
  • the first temperature sensor 14 is designed to measure the temperature of the water jacket 5 under the cylinder head in real time
  • the second temperature sensor 15 is designed to measure the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the engine in real time.
  • the upper water storage chamber 1 of the body and the lower water storage chamber 7 of the body are communicated through a first electronically controlled throttle valve 9 and related pipelines.
  • the upper water storage chamber 1 of the body and the upper water jacket 4 of the cylinder head are communicated through the second electronically controlled throttle valve 10 and related pipelines.
  • the second electronically controlled throttle valve 10 is controlled by the ECU controller 8 to control its opening k2 to adjust The flow rate of the water flow in the bypass line.
  • a first temperature sensor 14 is installed on the water jacket 5 under the cylinder head, and its temperature value T1 is read in real time through the ECU controller 8; Its temperature value T2.
  • the engine cooling system provided by the present invention uses a combination of the double-layer water jacket of the body and the double-layered water jacket of the cylinder head, and considers that by adjusting the flow rate and direction of the water flow, more warm-up and cooling effects can be achieved.
  • the present invention also provides an engine cooling method, applying the above engine cooling system, and the specific steps include:
  • controlling the communication between the upper water storage chamber of the cylinder head and the upper water storage chamber of the body includes:
  • the current first temperature value T1 of the water jacket under the cylinder head is greater than the first set temperature value T11, and the current first temperature value T1 of the water jacket under the cylinder head is not greater than the third set temperature value T12, the third set temperature value T12 is greater than the first set temperature value T11 and less than the second set temperature value T13; the first difference between the current second temperature value T2 of the water storage chamber in the lower part of the computer body and the current first temperature value T1 of the water jacket under the cylinder head;
  • the flow rate between the lower water storage chamber of the body and the upper water storage chamber of the body is controlled to decrease to ensure that the current first temperature value T1 of the water jacket under the cylinder head is greater than the first set temperature value T11, and not greater than the third set temperature value T12;
  • the lower water storage chamber of the body is controlled to be disconnected from the upper water storage chamber of the body.
  • controlling the communication between the upper water storage chamber of the cylinder head and the upper water storage chamber of the body includes:
  • the current first temperature value T1 of the water jacket under the cylinder head which is greater than the third set temperature value T12 and not greater than the second set temperature value T13; It is ensured that the current first temperature value T1 of the water jacket under the cylinder head is greater than the third set temperature value T12; the lower water storage chamber of the body is controlled to be disconnected from the upper water storage chamber of the body.
  • the method further includes:
  • the upper water storage chamber of the cylinder head is controlled to be connected to the upper water storage chamber of the body; the lower water storage chamber of the body is controlled to be disconnected from the upper water storage chamber of the body .
  • the main logic is as follows: set the target temperatures T11, T12 and T13 of the first temperature sensor installed on the water jacket under the cylinder head, where T11 ⁇ T12 ⁇ T13.
  • the ECU controller After the engine is started, the ECU controller reads the temperature of the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor in real time. Warm-up process: When the engine is in a cold state, that is, when the temperature of the first temperature sensor T1 ⁇ the set target value T11, the ECU controller makes the second valve (the second electronically controlled throttle valve) in a normally closed state, so that the The first valve (the first electronically controlled throttle valve) is in a fully open state. A part of the cooling water directly flows into the lower water storage chamber of the body from the upper water storage cavity of the body through the bypass pipeline.
  • the cooling water flow into the engine body is reduced, and the temperature of the cooling water flowing through the engine body such as the upper cooling water cavity of the cylinder liner and the lower water jacket of the cylinder liner rises faster under the condition that the heat emitted by the engine remains unchanged. Since the combustion chamber is mainly surrounded by the upper cooling water cavity of the cylinder liner and the lower water jacket of the cylinder liner, the warm-up effect is improved.
  • T1 of the first temperature sensor is between T11 and T12, that is, T11 ⁇ T1 ⁇ T12, it is considered that the engine initially achieves the warm-up effect.
  • the difference between T1 and the temperature T2 of the second temperature sensor is calculated and compared with the set value A.
  • T1-T2 ⁇ A adjust the opening of the first electronically controlled throttle valve through the ECU controller (keep the second electronically controlled throttle valve normally closed), so that the flow through the bypass path is reduced, and the flow through the engine body is reduced.
  • the flow rate is increased to ensure that the temperature T1 of the first temperature sensor is between T11 and T12.
  • T1-T2 ⁇ A it is considered that the engine reaches a state where heat dissipation is required, and the first electronically controlled throttle valve is closed through the ECU controller. At this time, all the cooling water flows through the engine body.
  • the ECU controller adjusts the opening degree of the second electronically controlled throttle valve to increase Large (keep the first electronically controlled throttle valve normally closed), make part of the cooling water flow directly to the water jacket on the cylinder head, and keep the temperature T1 of the first temperature sensor between T12 and T13.
  • This part of the cooling water no longer cools the upper cooling water cavity of the cylinder liner and the cylinder head water storage cavity surrounding the exhaust pipe, and the temperature is lower, so the cooling water temperature of the upper water jacket of the cylinder head can be reduced, and then through the top-down flushing Flow effect, better cooling of the bottom plate fire bank at the lower part of the cylinder head, to achieve better cooling effect.
  • the second electronically controlled throttle valve is fully opened by the ECU controller, so as to achieve more accurate cooling of the fire bank of the bottom plate of the cylinder head.
  • the first valve is opened, the lower water storage cavity of the body is communicated with the upper water storage cavity of the body, and a part of the cooling water directly flows from the upper water storage cavity of the body into the lower body storage cavity. water cavity.
  • the cooling water flow into the engine body is reduced. Under the condition that the heat emitted by the engine remains unchanged, the cooling water flowing through the upper cooling water cavity of the cylinder liner, the lower water jacket of the cylinder liner and other engine bodies rises faster, improving the warm-up effect.
  • the water jacket on the cylinder head When cooling is required, the water jacket on the cylinder head is connected to the upper water storage cavity of the body, the cooling water no longer cools the upper part of the cylinder liner and the water storage cavity of the cylinder head, and the temperature is lower, so the cooling water temperature of the water jacket on the cylinder head can be reduced, Improve cooling effect.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于柴油机技术领域，具体涉及一种发动机冷却系统及其冷却方法。本发明的发动机冷却系统中，在需要暖机时，开启第一阀门，机体下部储水腔和机体上部储水腔连通，一部分冷却水直接由机体上部储水腔直接流入机体下部储水腔。进入发动机本体的冷却水流量减少，在发动机散发的热量不变的条件下，流经气缸套上部冷却水腔、气缸套下水套等发动机本体的冷却水温升更快，提高了暖机效果。在需要冷却时，气缸盖上水套和机体上部储水腔连通，冷却水不再冷却气缸套上部和气缸盖储水腔，温度较低，因此可以降低气缸盖上水套的冷却水温度，提高冷却效果。

Description

发动机冷却系统及其冷却方法 技术领域
本发明属于柴油机技术领域，具体涉及一种发动机冷却系统及其冷却方法。
背景技术
燃烧室是发动机组织燃料和氧气在其中燃烧，产生大量高温燃气(热量)的装置，其主要为活塞位于上止点位置左右，由活塞顶面、气缸盖下底面和气缸套相关部位组成的空间。因此，发动机冷却水带走的热量，主要由气缸盖下底板、气缸套上部区域与燃烧室高温燃气换热所得。因此，气缸盖下底板和气缸套上部区域是冷却水冷却的关键部位。活塞顶面热量主要由润滑系统冷却。
随着现代柴油机强化程度的逐渐提高，排放要求越来越高，燃烧热管理技术的逐渐应用，如何缩短发动机冷机状态，尤其是燃烧室的冷机状态对燃烧、排放的影响，以及高热负荷条件下对气缸盖底板、气缸套上部等关键部位的精准冷却，成为一个重要问题。另外，发动机起动阶段的燃烧环境温度和排放水平，对柴油机整体排放的影响越来越来大，提升柴油机的起动阶段的暖机效果，减少暖机时间，成为提升燃烧和排放性能的关键问题。
现有的发动机冷却系统无法同步提升发动机的暖机效果和精准冷却效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是至少解决现有的发动机冷却系统无法同步提升发动机的暖机效果和精准冷却效果的问题。该目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明的第一方面提出了一种发动机冷却系统，其中，包括：
机体水套，
所述机体水套包括：机体上部水套，所述机体上部水套上设置有机体上部储水腔和与所述机体上部储水腔连通的气缸套上部冷却水腔；
所述机体还包括：机体下部水套，所述机体下部水套上设置有机体下部储水腔和与所述机体下部储水腔连通的气缸套下部冷却水腔，所述机体下部储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔之间设置有第一阀门，所述第一阀门用于控制所述机 体下部储水腔和所述机体上部储水腔的连通或断开；
气缸盖水套，
所述气缸盖水套包括：气缸盖上水套，所述气缸盖上水套上设置有气缸盖上储水腔，所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述气缸盖上部冷却水腔连通，所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔之间设置有第二阀门，所述第二阀门用于控制所述气缸盖上储水腔和所述机体上部储水腔的连通或断开；
所述气缸盖水套还包括：气缸盖下水套，所述气缸盖下水套与所述气缸套下部冷却水腔连通。
根据本发明的发动机冷却系统中，在需要暖机时，开启第一阀门，机体下部储水腔和机体上部储水腔连通，一部分冷却水直接由机体上部储水腔直接流入机体下部储水腔。进入发动机本体的冷却水流量减少，在发动机散发的热量不变的条件下，流经气缸套上部冷却水腔、气缸套下水套等发动机本体的冷却水温升更快，提高了暖机效果。在需要冷却时，气缸盖上水套和机体上部储水腔连通，冷却水不再冷却气缸套上部和气缸盖储水腔，温度较低，因此可以降低气缸盖上水套的冷却水温度，提高冷却效果。
另外，根据本发明的发动机冷却系统，还可具有如下附加的技术特征：
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述发动机冷却系统还包括：
第一温度传感器，所述第一温度传感器用于测量所述气缸盖下水套的温度；
控制器，所述第一阀门和所述第二阀门均为电控节流阀，所述控制器根据所述第一温度传感器的信号控制所述第一阀门开启或关闭，或所述控制器根据所述第一温度传感器的信号控制所述第二阀门开启或关闭。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述发动机冷却系统还包括：
第二温度传感器，所述第二温度传感器用于测量所述机体下部储水腔的温度；
所述控制器根据所述第一温度传感器的信号和所述第二温度传感器的信号控制所述第一阀门的开度。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述第二阀门开启后，所述控制器根据所述第一温度传感器的信号控制所述第二阀门的开度。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述机体下部储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔之 间设置有第一旁通管路，所述第一阀门设置于所述第一旁通管路上；
所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔之间设置有第二旁通管路，所述第二阀门设置于所述第二旁通管路上。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述发动机冷却系统还包括：
节温器，所述机体下部储水腔与所述节温器连通；
水泵，所述水泵的一端与所述机体上部储水腔连通，所述水泵的另一端与所述节温器连通；
热交换器，所述热交换器的一端与所述节温器连通，所述热交换器的另一端与所述水泵连通。
本发明还提供了一种发动机冷却方法，应用如上所述发动机冷却系统，具体步骤包括：
获取所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值；
根据所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值小于第一设定温度值，控制所述机体下部储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔连通；
根据所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值大于第二设定温度值，所述第二设定温度值大于所述第一设定温度值，控制所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔连通。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述控制所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔连通包括：
获取所述机体下部储水腔的当前第二温度值；
根据所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值大于所述第一设定温度值，且所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值不大于第三设定温度值，所述第三设定温度值大于所述第一设定温度值，且小于所述第二设定温度值；计算所述所述机体下部储水腔的当前第二温度值与所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值的第一差值；
根据所述第一差值不小于设定目标值，控制所述机体下部储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔之间的流量减小，保证所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值大于所述第一设定温度值，且不大于第三设定温度值；
根据所述第一差值小于设定目标值，控制所述机体下部储水腔与所述机体 上部储水腔断开。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述控制所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔连通包括：
根据所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值大于所述第三设定温度值，且不大于所述第二设定温度值；控制所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔的流量增大，保证所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值大于所述第三设定温度值；控制所述机体下部储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔断开。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述控制所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔连通后还包括：
根据所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值大于所述第二设定温度值13，控制所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔连通；控制所述机体下部储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔断开。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施例的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施例的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的发动机冷却系统中气缸盖水套的内部结构示意图；
图2示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的发动机冷却系统中机体水套的内部结构示意图；
图3示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的发动机冷却系统的连接示意图；
图4示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的发动机冷却方法的流程图；
图5示意性地示出了根据本发明实施例的发动机冷却方法的逻辑图。
1：机体上部储水腔；2：气缸套上部冷却水腔；3：气缸盖储水腔；4：气缸盖上水套；5：气缸盖下水套；6：气缸套下部冷却水腔；7：机体下部储水腔；8：ECU控制器；9：第一电控节流阀；10：第二电控节流阀；11：水泵；12：热交换器；13：节温器；14：第一温度传感器；15：第二温度传感器。
具体实施例
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
应理解的是，文中使用的术语仅出于描述特定示例实施例的目的，而无意于进行限制。除非上下文另外明确地指出，否则如文中使用的单数形式“一”、“一个”以及“所述”也可以表示包括复数形式。术语“包括”、“包含”、“含有”以及“具有”是包含性的，并且因此指明所陈述的特征、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在，但并不排除存在或者添加一个或多个其它特征、步骤、操作、元件、部件、和/或它们的组合。文中描述的方法步骤、过程、以及操作不解释为必须要求它们以所描述或说明的特定顺序执行，除非明确指出执行顺序。还应当理解，可以使用另外或者替代的步骤。
尽管可以在文中使用术语第一、第二、第三等来描述多个元件、部件、区域、层和/或部段，但是，这些元件、部件、区域、层和/或部段不应被这些术语所限制。这些术语可以仅用来将一个元件、部件、区域、层或部段与另一区域、层或部段区分开。除非上下文明确地指出，否则诸如“第一”、“第二”之类的术语以及其它数字术语在文中使用时并不暗示顺序或者次序。因此，以下讨论的第一元件、部件、区域、层或部段在不脱离示例实施例的教导的情况下可以被称作第二元件、部件、区域、层或部段。
为了便于描述，可以在文中使用空间相对关系术语来描述如图中示出的一个元件或者特征相对于另一元件或者特征的关系，这些相对关系术语例如为“内部”、“外部”、“内侧”、“外侧”、“下面”、“下方”、“上面”、“上方”等。这种空间相对关系术语意于包括除图中描绘的方位之外的在使用或者操作中装置的不同方位。例如，如果在图中的装置翻转，那么描述为“在其它元件或者特征下面”或者“在其它元件或者特征下方”的元件将随后定向为“在其它元件或者特征上面”或者“在其它元件或者特征上方”。因此，示例术语“在……下方”可以包括在上和在下的方位。装置可以另外定向(旋转90度或者在其它方 向)并且文中使用的空间相对关系描述符相应地进行解释。
如图1至图3所示，本实施例中的发动机冷却系统，其中，包括：机体水套和气缸盖水套，机体水套包括：机体上部水套，机体上部水套上设置有机体上部储水腔1和与机体上部储水腔1连通的气缸套上部冷却水腔2；
机体还包括：机体下部水套，机体下部水套上设置有机体下部储水腔7和与机体下部储水腔7连通的气缸套下部冷却水腔6，机体下部储水腔7与机体上部储水腔1之间设置有第一阀门，第一阀门用于控制机体下部储水腔7和机体上部储水腔1的连通或断开；
气缸盖水套包括：气缸盖上水套4，气缸盖上水套4上设置有气缸盖上储水腔，气缸盖上储水腔与气缸盖上部冷却水腔连通，气缸盖上储水腔与机体上部储水腔1之间设置有第二阀门，第二阀门用于控制气缸盖上储水腔和机体上部储水腔1的连通或断开；
气缸盖水套还包括：气缸盖下水套5，气缸盖下水套5与气缸套下部冷却水腔6连通。
具体地，机体下部储水腔7与机体上部储水腔1之间设置有第一旁通管路，第一阀体设置于第一旁通管路上。气缸盖上储水腔与机体上部储水腔1之间设置有第二旁通管路，第二阀体设置于第二旁通管路上。
在需要暖机时，开启第一阀门，机体下部储水腔7和机体上部储水腔1连通，一部分冷却水直接由机体上部储水腔1通过第一旁观管路直接流入机体下部储水腔7。进入发动机本体的冷却水流量减少，在发动机散发的热量不变的条件下，流经气缸套上部冷却水腔2、气缸套下水套等发动机本体的冷却水温升更快，提高了暖机效果。在需要冷却时，气缸盖上水套4和机体上部储水腔1连通，冷却水不再冷却气缸套上部和气缸盖储水腔3，温度较低，因此可以降低气缸盖上水套4的冷却水温度，提高冷却效果。
在本发明的一些实施例中，发动机冷却系统还包括：
第一温度传感器14，第一温度传感器14用于测量气缸盖下水套5的温度；
控制器，第一阀门和第二阀门均为电控节流阀，控制器根据第一温度传感器14的信号控制第一阀门开启或关闭，或控制器根据第一温度传感器14的信号控制第二阀门开启或关闭。
当前第一温度值T1小于第一设定温度值T11，控制机体下部储水腔7与机体上部储水腔1连通。当前第一温度值T1大于第二设定温度值T13，控制气缸盖上储水腔与机体上部储水腔1连通，第二设定温度值13大于第一设定温度值11。
在本发明的一些实施例中，发动机冷却系统还包括：
第二温度传感器15，第二温度传感器15用于测量机体下部储水腔7的温度；
控制器根据第一温度传感器14的信号和第二温度传感器15的信号控制第一阀门的开度。
在本发明的一些实施例中，第二阀门开启后，控制器根据第一温度传感器14的信号控制第二阀门的开度。
在本发明的一些实施例中，机体下部储水腔7与机体上部储水腔1之间设置有第一旁通管路，第一阀门设置于第一旁通管路上；
气缸盖上储水腔与机体上部储水腔1之间设置有第二旁通管路，第二阀门设置于第二旁通管路上。
在本发明的一些实施例中，发动机冷却系统还包括：
节温器13，机体下部储水腔7与节温器13连通；
水泵11，水泵11的一端与机体上部储水腔1连通，水泵11的另一端与节温器13连通；
热交换器12，热交换器12的一端与节温器13连通，热交换器12的另一端与水泵11连通。水泵11、热交换器12和节温器13与发动机组成整个冷却系统回路。温度低的时候，封闭大循环，水只走小循环，便于提升温度。温度高的时候，走大循环，封闭小循环，便于散热。
本发明提供的发动机冷却系统中，通过ECU控制器8控制第一电控节流阀9和第二电控节流阀10的开度。设计第一温度传感器14实时测量气缸盖下水套5温度，第二温度传感器15实时测量流出发动机的冷却液温度。机体上部储水腔1和机体下部储水腔7通过第一电控节流阀9及相关管路连通，第一电控节流阀9通过ECU控制器8控制其开度k1，调整第一旁通管路的水流流量。机体上部储水腔1和气缸盖上水套4通过第二电控节流阀10及相关管路连通， 第二电控节流阀10通过ECU控制器8控制其开度k2，调整此条旁通管路的水流流量。在气缸盖下水套5安装第一温度传感器14，通过ECU控制器8实时读取其温度值T1；在机体下部储水腔7出水口安装第二温度传感器15，通过ECU控制器8实时读取其温度值T2。本发明提供的发动机冷却系统将机体双层水套和缸盖双层水套结构进行组合使用，考虑通过调整水流流量和流向，实现更加的暖机和冷却效果。
如图4和图5所示，本发明还提供了一种发动机冷却方法，应用如上发动机冷却系统，具体步骤包括：
S1、获取气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值T1；
S21、根据气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值T1小于第一设定温度值T11，控制机体下部储水腔与机体上部储水腔连通；
S22、根据气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值T1大于第二设定温度值T13，第二设定温度值T13大于第一设定温度值T11，控制气缸盖上储水腔与机体上部储水腔连通。
在本发明的一些实施例中，控制气缸盖上储水腔与机体上部储水腔连通包括：
获取机体下部储水腔的当前第二温度值T2；
根据气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值T1大于第一设定温度值T11，且气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值T1不大于第三设定温度值T12，第三设定温度值T12大于第一设定温度值T11，且小于第二设定温度值T13；计算机体下部储水腔的当前第二温度值T2与气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值T1的第一差值；
根据第一差值不小于设定目标值A，控制机体下部储水腔与机体上部储水腔之间的流量减小，保证气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值T1大于第一设定温度值T11，且不大于第三设定温度值T12；
根据第一差值小于设定目标值A，控制机体下部储水腔与机体上部储水腔断开。
在本发明的一些实施例中，控制气缸盖上储水腔与机体上部储水腔连通包括：
根据气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值T1大于第三设定温度值T12，且不大 于第二设定温度值T13；控制气缸盖上储水腔与机体上部储水腔的流量增大，保证气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值T1大于第三设定温度值T12；控制机体下部储水腔与机体上部储水腔断开。
在本发明的一些实施例中，控制气缸盖上储水腔与机体上部储水腔连通后还包括：
根据气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值T1大于第二设定温度值T13，控制气缸盖上储水腔与机体上部储水腔连通；控制机体下部储水腔与机体上部储水腔断开。
本发明的发动机冷却系统中，主要逻辑如下：设定气缸盖下水套安装的第一温度传感器的目标温度T11，T12和T13，其中T11<T12<T13。
发动机启动后，ECU控制器实时读取第一温度传感器和第二温度传感器的温度。暖机过程：当发动机处于冷机状态时，即第一温度传感器的温度T1<设定目标值T11时，ECU控制器使第二阀门(第二电控节流阀)处于常闭状态，使第一阀门(第一电控节流阀)处于全开状态。一部分冷却水直接由机体上部储水腔通过旁观管路直接流入机体下部储水腔。进入发动机本体的冷却水流量减少，在发动机散发的热量不变的条件下，流经气缸套上部冷却水腔、气缸套下水套等发动机本体的冷却水温升更快。由于燃烧室主要由气缸套上部冷却水腔和气缸套下水套包围，提高了暖机效果。
随着发动机水温提升，当第一温度传感器的温度T1处于T11和T12之间时，即T11<T1≤T12，认为发动机初步达到暖机效果。此时，计算T1与第二温度传感器的温度T2的差值，并与设定值A做比较。当T1-T2≥A时，通过ECU控制器调整第一电控节流阀的开度(保持第二电控节流阀常闭)，使通过旁通之路的流量减少，通过发动机本体的流量增加，保证第一温度传感器的温度T1处于T11和T12之间。当T1-T2<A时，认为发动机达到需向外散热的状态，通过ECU控制器使第一电控节流阀关闭。此时，全部冷却水流过发动机本体。
如果发动机负荷持续升高，当第一温度传感器的温度T1上升至T12和T13之间时，即T12<T1≤T13，此时，通过ECU控制器调整第二电控节流阀的开度增大(保持第一电控节流阀常闭)，使部分冷却水直接流向气缸盖上水套，并保持第一温度传感器的温度T1处于T12和T13之间。此部分冷却水不再冷却 气缸套上部冷却水腔和包围排气管道的气缸盖储水腔，温度较低，因此可以降低气缸盖上部水套的冷却水温度，进而通过自顶而下的冲流作用，更好的冷却气缸盖下部的底板火力岸，实现更好的冷却效果。
当第一温度传感器的温度T1大于T13时，通过ECU控制器使第二电控节流阀全部打开，实现更加精准的气缸盖下部底板火力岸的冷却。
综上，本发明的发动机冷却系统中，在需要暖机时，开启第一阀门，机体下部储水腔和机体上部储水腔连通，一部分冷却水直接由机体上部储水腔直接流入机体下部储水腔。进入发动机本体的冷却水流量减少，在发动机散发的热量不变的条件下，流经气缸套上部冷却水腔、气缸套下水套等发动机本体的冷却水温升更快，提高了暖机效果。在需要冷却时，气缸盖上水套和机体上部储水腔连通，冷却水不再冷却气缸套上部和气缸盖储水腔，温度较低，因此可以降低气缸盖上水套的冷却水温度，提高冷却效果。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施例，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种发动机冷却系统，其特征在于，包括：
    机体水套，
    所述机体水套包括：机体上部水套，所述机体上部水套上设置有机体上部储水腔和与所述机体上部储水腔连通的气缸套上部冷却水腔；
    所述机体还包括：机体下部水套，所述机体下部水套上设置有机体下部储水腔和与所述机体下部储水腔连通的气缸套下部冷却水腔，所述机体下部储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔之间设置有第一阀门，所述第一阀门用于控制所述机体下部储水腔和所述机体上部储水腔的连通或断开；
    气缸盖水套，
    所述气缸盖水套包括：气缸盖上水套，所述气缸盖上水套上设置有气缸盖上储水腔，所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述气缸盖上部冷却水腔连通，所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔之间设置有第二阀门，所述第二阀门用于控制所述气缸盖上储水腔和所述机体上部储水腔的连通或断开；
    所述气缸盖水套还包括：气缸盖下水套，所述气缸盖下水套与所述气缸套下部冷却水腔连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机冷却系统，其特征在于，所述发动机冷却系统还包括：
    第一温度传感器，所述第一温度传感器用于测量所述气缸盖下水套的温度；
    控制器，所述第一阀门和所述第二阀门均为电控节流阀，所述控制器根据所述第一温度传感器的信号控制所述第一阀门开启或关闭，或所述控制器根据所述第一温度传感器的信号控制所述第二阀门开启或关闭。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的发动机冷却系统，其特征在于，所述发动机冷却系统还包括：
    第二温度传感器，所述第二温度传感器用于测量所述机体下部储水腔的温度；
    所述控制器根据所述第一温度传感器的信号和所述第二温度传感器的信号控制所述第一阀门的开度。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的发动机冷却系统，其特征在于，所述第二阀门开启后，所述控制器根据所述第一温度传感器的信号控制所述第二阀门的开度。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机冷却系统，其特征在于，所述机体下部储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔之间设置有第一旁通管路，所述第一阀门设置于所述第一旁通管路上；
    所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔之间设置有第二旁通管路，所述第二阀门设置于所述第二旁通管路上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机冷却系统，其特征在于，所述发动机冷却系统还包括：
    节温器，所述机体下部储水腔与所述节温器连通；
    水泵，所述水泵的一端与所述机体上部储水腔连通，所述水泵的另一端与所述节温器连通；
    热交换器，所述热交换器的一端与所述节温器连通，所述热交换器的另一端与所述水泵连通。
  7. 一种发动机冷却方法，应用如权利要求1-6任一项所述发动机冷却系统，具体步骤包括：
    获取所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值；
    根据所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值小于第一设定温度值，控制所述机体下部储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔连通；
    根据所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值大于第二设定温度值，所述第二设定温度值大于所述第一设定温度值，控制所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔连通。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的发动机冷却方法，其特征在于，所述控制所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔连通包括：
    获取所述机体下部储水腔的当前第二温度值；
    根据所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值大于所述第一设定温度值，且所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值不大于第三设定温度值，所述第三设定温度值大于所述第一设定温度值，且小于所述第二设定温度值；计算所述所述机体下部储水腔的当前第二温度值与所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值的第一差值；
    根据所述第一差值不小于设定目标值，控制所述机体下部储水腔与所述机 体上部储水腔之间的流量减小，保证所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值大于所述第一设定温度值，且不大于第三设定温度值；
    根据所述第一差值小于设定目标值，控制所述机体下部储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔断开。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的发动机冷却方法，其特征在于，所述控制所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔连通包括：
    根据所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值大于所述第三设定温度值，且不大于所述第二设定温度值；控制所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔的流量增大，保证所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值大于所述第三设定温度值；控制所述机体下部储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔断开。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的发动机冷却方法，其特征在于，所述控制所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔连通后还包括：
    根据所述气缸盖下水套的当前第一温度值大于所述第二设定温度值，控制所述气缸盖上储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔连通；控制所述机体下部储水腔与所述机体上部储水腔断开。
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