WO2022067778A1 - 电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及系统 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022067778A1
WO2022067778A1 PCT/CN2020/119692 CN2020119692W WO2022067778A1 WO 2022067778 A1 WO2022067778 A1 WO 2022067778A1 CN 2020119692 W CN2020119692 W CN 2020119692W WO 2022067778 A1 WO2022067778 A1 WO 2022067778A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulating member
end cap
battery cell
tab
isolation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/119692
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曾毓群
康文龙
邢承友
王鹏
李全坤
苏华圣
刘文忠
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to AU2020470348A priority Critical patent/AU2020470348B2/en
Priority to JP2022543113A priority patent/JP7446439B2/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2020/119692 priority patent/WO2022067778A1/zh
Priority to CN202080096129.0A priority patent/CN115088132B/zh
Priority to EP20955801.4A priority patent/EP4075588A4/en
Priority to BR112022014375A priority patent/BR112022014375A2/pt
Priority to KR1020227024451A priority patent/KR20220116014A/ko
Publication of WO2022067778A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022067778A1/zh
Priority to US17/815,214 priority patent/US20220359958A1/en
Priority to JP2024027138A priority patent/JP2024059841A/ja
Priority to JP2024027139A priority patent/JP2024059842A/ja

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/533—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/152—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H01M50/593—Spacers; Insulating plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular, to a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a method and system for manufacturing the battery cell.
  • the battery includes battery cells.
  • the battery cells there is a problem of short circuit, which affects the safety of the use of the battery cells.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery, an electrical device, and a manufacturing method and system for the battery cell, which aim to solve the problem that the battery cell has a short circuit and affects the safety of use.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, including a casing, an electrode assembly, and an end cap assembly.
  • the housing has an opening.
  • the electrode assembly is arranged in the casing.
  • the electrode assembly includes a main body portion, a tab, and an isolation portion.
  • the tabs extend from the end of the body portion toward the opening.
  • the isolation part is arranged on the outer periphery of the tab.
  • the end cap assembly is used to close the opening.
  • the end cap assembly includes an end cap and a first insulating member.
  • the end cap is configured to cover the opening and is connected to the housing.
  • the first insulating part is arranged on the side of the end cover close to the inside of the casing.
  • the first insulating member has a concave portion. At least part of the tabs are received within the recesses.
  • the first insulating member is configured to be press-fitted with the isolation portion to isolate the tab from the housing.
  • the first insulator includes a body and an extension part that are connected to each other, the body is configured to connect to the end cap, the extension part extends and protrudes from the body toward the electrode assembly to form a concave part, and the extension part is disposed on the tabs On the outer circumference, the extension part presses against the isolation part.
  • the extension of the first insulator can be inserted into the gap between the tab and the housing, so that the extension can guide the tab to be accurately inserted into the recess of the first insulator
  • the possibility of deformation of the tab caused by the extrusion stress applied to the tab by the first insulating member is reduced, and at the same time, the extension part can protect and limit the tab earlier in the assembly process.
  • the extension portion is located on a side of the isolation portion close to the end cap, and the extension portion presses against the isolation portion in a direction away from the end cap.
  • the extension part can form a limit constraint on the isolation part, reducing the possibility of the isolation part moving toward or away from the end cap, thereby reducing the separation of the extension part and the isolation part due to the movement of the isolation part close to or away from the end cap
  • the extension portion can also form a limit constraint on the electrode assembly, reducing the possibility of the electrode assembly moving toward or away from the end cap.
  • the extension portion is a continuously extending closed-loop structure. Since the end face of the extension portion away from the end cap is in a closed-loop structure, the extension portion can form a protective isolation for the tab at the entire outer circumference of the tab, which is beneficial to further improve the isolation effect.
  • the extension is an annular structure with a gap. The notch of the extension can provide a space for avoidance.
  • the isolation portion is annular.
  • the isolation portion is integrally sleeved on the outer periphery of the tab, so that the isolation portion can form protection for the tab in the entire circumferential direction of the tab.
  • the tab includes a stepped portion, the stepped portion includes a first side surface, a transition surface and a second side surface, the first side surface is close to the main body portion, the transition surface connects the first side surface and the second side surface, and the transition surface faces the end In the cover, the smallest radial dimension of the first side surface is greater than the largest radial dimension of the second side surface, and at least part of the inner wall of the recess surrounds the second side surface.
  • the portion of the tab corresponding to the second side is located in the recess.
  • a part of the tab can be located in the concave portion of the first insulating member, which is beneficial to shorten the overall size of the battery cell in the axial direction of the electrode assembly for battery cells of the same capacity, thereby helping to improve the energy density of the battery cell .
  • the extension portion surrounds the second side surface, and the isolation portion is disposed on the transition surface.
  • the end surface of the extension portion is opposite to the transition surface and pressed against the isolation portion, which can reduce the possibility of the electrode assembly moving toward or away from the end cap.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece, a second pole piece and a separator, the first pole piece and the second pole piece both have a coated area and an uncoated area, and the electrode assembly is connected to the first pole piece and the separator.
  • the part corresponding to the coating area of the piece and the second pole piece is the main body, the uncoated area of the first pole piece or the second pole piece forms a pole lug, and the diaphragm is used to isolate the first pole piece and the second pole piece, and the isolation
  • the diaphragm part is a part of the diaphragm beyond the main body part and located on the outer circumference of the tab, which is beneficial to reduce the number of parts used and the difficulty of assembly, and because the diaphragm is an integral structure, the formed isolation part is not easy to fall off.
  • the electrode assembly further includes a second insulating member, and the second insulating member surrounds the pressing region between the first insulating member and the isolation portion, so as to isolate the pressing region and the casing.
  • the pressing area of the extension part and the isolation part and the second insulating member can form a double isolation and protection structure for the tab, which is beneficial to further reduce the possibility of short circuit between the tab and the housing due to contact between the tab and the housing.
  • the second insulating member is pressed against the outer surface of the first insulating member facing the housing and is in contact with the isolation portion.
  • Contact regions may be formed between the second insulating member and the first insulating member and between the second insulating member and the isolation portion, respectively, so that the second insulating member can block conductive impurities.
  • the outer surface has a guide slope, and in a direction away from the end cap, the guide slope is inclined toward the recess.
  • the second insulating member is adhered to the outer surface, which is beneficial to improve the connection reliability and stability of the second insulating member and the first insulating member.
  • the area where the second insulating member is pressed against the outer surface is closer to the end cap than the tab, which can reduce the possibility of conductive debris that is not in contact with the first insulating member and the second insulating member during the assembly process. The possibility of the gap between the two insulators entering the tabs.
  • the end cap assembly further includes a transition piece, the transition piece is accommodated in the concave portion, the transition piece includes a first transition portion, the first transition portion is configured to be connected to the tab, and the first insulation
  • the parts and the electrode assembly press the first adapter part.
  • the first adapter part is not easy to move relative to the electrode assembly, which is beneficial to reduce the possibility that the first adapter part and the tab are disconnected due to the movement of the first adapter part relative to the electrode assembly.
  • the battery cells of the embodiments of the present application include a casing, an electrode assembly, and an end cap assembly.
  • the recessed portion of the first insulating member of the end cap assembly receives the tab of the electrode assembly.
  • the first insulating member and the isolation portion of the electrode assembly press against each other to form an isolation structure on the periphery of the tab, thereby isolating the tab from the housing.
  • the blocking of the isolation part can effectively reduce the possibility of short circuit caused by the overlapping contact between the tab and the shell; on the other hand, since the first insulating part and the isolation part are pressed against each other, at least part of the tab is accommodated in the first insulating part Therefore, the tabs can be protected by the first insulating member and the isolation part, so that the external conductive debris is not easy to contact with the tabs, which reduces the conductive debris and leads to the conduction between the tabs and the shell. Possibility of short circuit between tabs and housing.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a battery, including the battery cells of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide an electrical device, including the battery cells of the above-mentioned embodiments, and the battery cells are used to provide electrical energy.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide a method for manufacturing a battery cell as described above, including:
  • the electrode assembly having the main body, the tabs and the isolation part into a casing with an opening, wherein the tabs extend from the end of the main body towards the opening, and the isolation part is arranged on the outer periphery of the tabs;
  • the end cap assembly having the end cap and the first insulating member is assembled with the housing, the opening is covered by the end cap and the housing is connected, and the first insulating member is located on the side of the end cap close to the interior of the housing, wherein the first insulating member is
  • the part has a concave part, at least part of the tab is accommodated in the concave part, and the first insulating part is press-fitted with the isolation part to isolate the tab from the shell.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide a system for manufacturing a battery cell as in the foregoing embodiment, including:
  • a first assembling device configured to mount an electrode assembly having a main body portion, a tab and an isolation portion into a housing having an opening, wherein the tab extends from an end portion of the main body portion toward the opening, and the isolation portion is provided on the outer periphery of the tab ;
  • a second assembly device configured to assemble the end cap assembly having the end cap and the first insulator with the housing, cover the opening through the end cap and connect the housing, and locate the first insulator at the end cap near the interior of the housing
  • the first insulating member has a concave portion, at least part of the tab is accommodated in the concave portion, and the first insulating member is press-fitted with the isolation portion to isolate the tab and the housing.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery module disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrode assembly disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic top-view structural diagram of a battery cell disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is the sectional structure schematic diagram along A-A place in Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is an enlarged view at B in Fig. 8;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an end cap assembly disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the battery cell of the embodiment shown in FIG. 12;
  • Figure 14 is an enlarged view at C in Figure 13;
  • 15 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a battery cell disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell disclosed in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the battery cell of the embodiment shown in FIG. 16;
  • Figure 18 is an enlarged view at D in Figure 17;
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing system of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, an electrode assembly, an end cap, an electrode terminal, and a transfer sheet.
  • the electrode assembly is arranged in the casing.
  • the end cap is connected to the housing.
  • the electrode terminal is arranged on the end cover.
  • the electrode assembly includes a body portion and tabs. The tabs extend from the body portion in a direction away from the body portion.
  • the adapter plate connects the electrode terminals and the tabs of the electrode assembly. The applicant has found that the tabs of the battery cells and the shell are in lap contact, which leads to the short circuit of the battery cells.
  • the tabs of the electrode assembly are processed through a bending process or a flattening process, so that the tabs are deformed to meet the assembly requirements, so the tabs themselves will accumulate elastic restoring force.
  • the tabs are not overlapped with the casing to cause a short circuit.
  • the tabs will release their own elastic restoring force and rebound, so that the problem of short-circuiting of the tabs and the shell will occur.
  • the applicant has improved the structure of the battery cell by press-fitting the insulating part of the end cap assembly with the isolation part outside the tab to reduce the possibility of overlapping the tab and the housing.
  • the embodiments of the present application are further described below.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device using the battery 10 as a power source.
  • the electrical device can be, but not limited to, a vehicle, a ship, or an aircraft.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle. New energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles.
  • the vehicle 1 may include a motor 1 a , a controller 1 b and a battery 10 .
  • the controller 1b is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 1a.
  • the motor 1a is connected to the wheels through a transmission mechanism, thereby driving the vehicle 1 to travel.
  • the battery 10 can be used as a driving power source of the vehicle 1 to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 in place of or partially in place of fuel or natural gas.
  • the battery 10 may be provided at the bottom or at the front or rear of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may be used to power the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1 for the electrical system of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may be used for the operating power requirements of the vehicle 1 for starting, navigating, and operating.
  • the battery 10 includes a case.
  • the type of cabinet is not limited.
  • the case can be a frame-shaped case, a disc-shaped case, a box-shaped case, or the like.
  • the box body includes a first part 11 and a second part 12 that is covered with the first part 11 .
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 are covered to form a receiving part.
  • the battery 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 40 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 40 may form the battery 10 , or the plurality of battery cells 40 may form the battery module 20 first, and then the plurality of battery modules 20 may form the battery 10 .
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a battery module 20 according to an embodiment, and the battery module 20 is disposed in the accommodating portion of the box.
  • the battery 10 may include multiple battery cells 40, wherein the multiple battery cells 40 may be connected in series, in parallel or in a mixed connection, and the mixed connection refers to series and parallel connection the mix of. That is to say, a plurality of battery cells 40 may be directly disposed in the accommodating portion of the case to form the battery 10 .
  • the battery cell 40 may have a cylindrical structure or a square structure with six sides, and the external structure of the battery cell 40 is not limited here. In the embodiments of the present application, the battery cell 40 is exemplarily described as having a cylindrical structure, but it does not limit the protection scope of the present application.
  • the battery module 20 includes a casing 30 and battery cells 40 disposed in the casing 30 .
  • the housing 30 includes a cylinder body 31 , a first cover body 32 and a second cover body 33 .
  • the first cover body 32 and the second cover body 33 are respectively disposed on both ends of the cylinder body 31 .
  • the first cover body 32 and the second cover body 33 are respectively detachably connected to the cylinder body 31 .
  • the first cover body 32 and the second cover body 33 can be respectively snap-connected to the cylinder body 31 or connected with screws.
  • the cylindrical body 31 , the first cover body 32 and the second cover body 33 are assembled to form an accommodation space.
  • the battery cells 40 are arranged in the accommodating space of the casing 30 .
  • the battery cell 40 of the embodiment of the present application includes a casing 41 and an electrode assembly 42 disposed in the casing 41 .
  • the casing 41 in the embodiment of the present application is a cylindrical structure.
  • the case 41 has an inner space for accommodating the electrode assembly 42 and the electrolyte, and an opening 411 communicating with the inner space.
  • the electrode assembly 42 can be loaded into the casing 41 from the opening 411 of the casing 41 .
  • the housing 41 may be made of materials such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, or plastic.
  • the electrode assembly 42 includes a main body portion 421 and a tab 422 .
  • the main body portion 421 has an end portion 421a.
  • the electrode assembly 42 is disposed in the casing 41 , the end 421 a of the main body 421 faces the opening 411 of the casing 41 , and the tabs 422 extend from the end 421 a of the main body 421 towards the opening 411 of the casing 41 .
  • the battery cell 40 of the embodiment of the present application further includes an end cap assembly 43 and a transition piece 44 .
  • the end cap assembly 43 is used to close the opening 411 of the housing 41 .
  • the end cap assembly 43 includes an end cap 431 , a first insulating member 432 and an electrode terminal 433 .
  • the end cap 431 is configured to cover the opening 411 of the housing 41 and is connected to the housing 41 .
  • the end cap 431 may be welded to the housing 41 .
  • the first insulating member 432 and the electrode terminal 433 are both disposed on the end cover 431 .
  • the first insulating member 432 is disposed on a side of the end cover 431 close to the inside of the casing 41 .
  • the first insulating member 432 has a concave portion 432a.
  • the concave portion 432 a is formed by concave formation of the surface of the first insulating member 432 away from the end cap 431 toward the end cap 431 , and the opening of the concave portion faces the electrode assembly 42 .
  • the electrode terminal 433 is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 42 through the adapter plate 44 .
  • the number of end cap assemblies 43 and the number of adapter pieces 44 are both two.
  • Each of the opposite ends of the electrode assembly 42 is provided with an end cap assembly 43 and an adapter plate 44 correspondingly.
  • the electrode assembly 42 of the embodiment of the present application can be formed by winding the first pole piece 42a, the second pole piece 42b and the separator 42c together, wherein the separator 42c is between the first pole piece 42a and the second pole piece 42c.
  • the diaphragm 42c is used for insulating and isolating the first pole piece 42a and the second pole piece 42b, so as to prevent the first pole piece 42a and the second pole piece 42b from contacting.
  • the first pole piece 42a and the second pole piece 42b each include a coated area and an uncoated area.
  • the active material of the first pole piece 42a is coated on the coated area of the first pole piece 42a, and the active material of the second pole piece 42b is coated on the coated area of the second pole piece 42b. On the coated area, the active material is coated on the current collector formed of the metal sheet, while the active material is not coated on the uncoated area.
  • the part of the electrode assembly 42 corresponding to the coating area of the first pole piece 42 a and the second pole piece 42 b is the main body part 421 .
  • the uncoated area of the first pole piece 42a or the uncoated area of the second pole piece 42b forms the tab 422 .
  • the main body portion 421 has two opposite end portions 421a.
  • the tab 422 extends from one end portion 421 a of the main body portion 421 .
  • the tab 422 is a multi-layer structure.
  • the uncoated regions of the first pole piece 42a are stacked to form positive tabs, while the uncoated regions of the second pole piece 42b are stacked to form negative tabs.
  • the positive tab and the negative tab respectively extend from one end portion 421 a of the main body portion 421 .
  • the diaphragm 42c is individually wound for a predetermined number of turns, so as to exceed the first pole piece 42a and the second pole piece
  • the diaphragm 42c of 42b may enclose the first pole piece 42a and the second pole piece 42b.
  • the size of the separator 42c is larger than the size of the coating area of the first pole piece 42a, and also larger than the size of the coating area of the second pole piece 42b. Therefore, along the direction of the winding axis of the electrode assembly 42 , a portion of the separator 42c of the electrode assembly 42 extends beyond the main body portion 421 , and a portion of the separator 42c extending beyond the main body portion 421 is located on the outer periphery of the tab 422 .
  • the end cap 431 is connected to the casing 41 to enclose the electrode assembly 42 within the casing 41 .
  • the first insulating member 432 may isolate the electrode assembly 42 and the end cap 431 .
  • the housing 41 has two opposite openings 411 .
  • the two end caps 431 cover the two openings 411 respectively and are connected with the housing 41 .
  • the electrode assembly 42 has two opposing tabs 422 .
  • the two tabs 422 extend from the two end portions 421 a of the main body portion 421 , respectively.
  • the polarities of the two tabs 422 are opposite.
  • the two electrode terminals 433 are respectively connected to the two tabs 422 .
  • the two first insulating members 432 are respectively connected to the two end caps 431 .
  • the electrode assembly 42 further includes an isolation portion 423 .
  • the isolation portion 423 is disposed on the outer periphery of the tab 422 , so that the tab 422 is located inside the isolation portion 423 .
  • the inner side refers to the side away from the housing 41 .
  • the isolation portion 423 extends along the peripheral side of the tab 422 . In the direction of the winding axis of the electrode assembly 42 , the isolation portion 423 does not extend beyond the tab 422 .
  • the first insulating member 432 in the embodiment of the present application has a concave portion 432a.
  • the tabs 422 extend toward the inside of the recess 432a.
  • the first insulating member 432 can limit and constrain the electrode assembly 42 to reduce the possibility of the electrode assembly 42 moving in the casing 41 due to shock or vibration of the battery cell 40 .
  • the first insulating member 432 is configured to be press-fitted with the isolation portion 423 to isolate the tab 422 from the housing 41 .
  • the first insulating member 432 and the isolation portion 423 are press-fitted to form a pressing area, and the tabs 422 are located inside the pressing area.
  • the first insulating member 432 and the isolation portion 423 together form an isolation structure on the periphery of the tab 422 , so as to isolate the tab 422 from the housing 41 .
  • the battery cell 40 in the embodiment of the present application includes a casing 41 , an electrode assembly 42 and an end cap assembly 43 .
  • the concave portion 432 a of the first insulating member 432 of the end cap assembly 43 receives the tab 422 of the electrode assembly 42 .
  • the first insulating member 432 and the isolation portion 423 of the electrode assembly 42 press against each other to form an isolation structure on the periphery of the tab 422 , thereby isolating the tab 422 from the housing 41 .
  • the first insulating member 432 includes a body 4321 and an extension portion 4322 that are connected to each other.
  • the first insulating member 432 is connected to the end cover 431 through the body 4321 .
  • a part of the electrode terminal 433 is located on the side of the body 4321 away from the end cap 431 and this part applies a pressing force to the body 4321 towards the end cap 431, so that the first insulation
  • the piece 432 is connected with the end cap 431 .
  • the extension portion 4322 extends and protrudes from the body 4321 toward the electrode assembly 42 .
  • the body 4321 and the extension portion 4322 are intersected.
  • the body 4321 and the extension 4322 form a recess 432a.
  • the extension portion 4322 is disposed on the outer periphery of the tab 422 .
  • the extension portion 4322 extends along the peripheral side of the tab 422 .
  • the first insulating member 432 is press-fitted with the isolation portion 423 through the extending portion 4322 .
  • the first insulating member 432 can be pre-connected and fixed to the end cover 431 through the body 4321 , and then the end cover 431 with the first insulating member 432 is assembled with the housing 41 .
  • the extension portion 4322 of the first insulating member 432 can be inserted into the gap between the tab 422 and the housing 41, so that the extending portion 4322 can guide the tab 422 Accurately inserting into the concave portion 432a of the first insulating member 432 reduces the possibility of deformation of the tab 422 caused by the extrusion stress applied by the first insulating member 432 to the tab 422 during the assembly process.
  • the tabs 422 are shielded and limited early in the assembly process.
  • at least part of the isolation portion 423 is located in the concave portion 432a.
  • the extension part 4322 presses against the surface of the isolation part 423 facing the housing 41 from the outside of the isolation part 423 , so that the extension part 4322 and the isolation part 423 can protect and isolate the tab 422 from the outer periphery of the tab 422 .
  • the outer side refers to the side close to the housing 41 .
  • the isolation portion 423 may be a separate structural piece that needs to be assembled to the periphery of the tab 422 .
  • the isolation portion 423 is a portion of the diaphragm 42c that extends beyond the main body portion 421 and is located on the outer periphery of the tab 422 .
  • a portion of the separator 42c extends beyond the first pole piece 42a and the second pole piece 42b.
  • the part of the separator 42c beyond the first pole piece 42a and the second pole piece 42b that is, at the end of the winding process described above, the separator 42c is individually wound for a predetermined number of turns) and also along the axial direction of the electrode assembly 42. beyond the main body portion 421 .
  • the part of the diaphragm 42c that extends beyond the main body part 421 and is located on the outer circumference of the tab 422 can be used to form the isolation part 423, so that the isolation part 423 does not need to be provided separately, which is beneficial to reduce the number of parts used and the difficulty of assembly, and because the diaphragm 42c is a
  • the overall structure makes the formed isolation portion 423 less likely to fall off.
  • the isolation portion 423 may be an annular structure with a central hole.
  • the tabs 422 pass through the central hole of the isolation portion 423 .
  • the isolation portion 423 is integrally sleeved on the outer periphery of the tab 422 , so that the isolation portion 423 can protect the tab 422 along the entire circumference of the tab 422 .
  • the first insulator 432 may be a spherically structured cover.
  • the surface on which the concave portion 432a is formed on the first insulating member 432 is a spherical surface, that is, the inner wall of the concave portion 432a is a spherical surface.
  • the transfer sheet 44 includes a first transfer portion 441 and a second transfer portion 442 .
  • the first adapter portion 441 and the second adapter portion 442 are connected.
  • the adapter piece 44 is connected to the tab 422 of the electrode assembly 42 through the first adapter portion 441 .
  • the first adapter portion 441 and the tab 422 are connected by welding.
  • the transfer piece 44 is connected to the electrode terminal 433 through the second transfer portion 442 .
  • the second adapter portion 442 and the electrode terminal 433 are connected by rivets. Referring to FIG. 9 , after the battery cells 40 are assembled, the first adapter portion 441 is in a bent state relative to the second adapter portion 442 .
  • the first transition portion 441 is located between the first insulating member 432 and the electrode assembly 42 and is located in the recessed portion 432a.
  • the first insulator 432 and the electrode assembly 42 co-extrude the first adapter portion 441, so that the first adapter portion 441 is not easy to move relative to the electrode assembly 42, which is beneficial to reduce the occurrence of the first adapter portion 441 relative to the electrode assembly 42.
  • the body 4321 of the first insulating member 432 and the electrode assembly 42 co-extrude the first adapter portion 441 .
  • FIG. 10 schematically shows a state in which the transition piece 44 is connected to the electrode terminal 433 but is not bent.
  • the extension portion 4322 is an annular structure with a notch 43221 , so that the end surface of the extension portion 4322 away from the end cap 431 is an open-loop structure.
  • the notch 43221 of the extension part 4322 can avoid the second transfer part 442 .
  • the second adapter portion 442 of the adapter sheet 44 can pass through the gap 43221 , so that during the manufacturing process of the adapter sheet 44 , the first adapter portion 441 and the second adapter portion 442 of the adapter sheet 44 remain In the flat state, the processing steps of the transition piece 44 can be reduced. Parts of the extension portion 4322 other than the notch 43221 can be pressed against the isolation portion 423 .
  • FIG. 11 schematically shows a state in which the transition piece 44 is connected to the electrode terminal 433 but is not bent.
  • the extension portion 4322 is a continuously extending closed-loop structure, so that the end surface of the extension portion 4322 away from the end cap 431 is a closed-loop structure.
  • the first adapter portion 441 and the second adapter portion 442 of the adapter sheet 44 need to be bent during manufacturing, so that after the second adapter portion 442 and the electrode terminal 433 are connected, the adapter sheet 44 can avoid extending Section 4322.
  • the extension portion 4322 can press against the isolation portion 423 , and since the end surface of the extension portion 4322 away from the end cap 431 is in a closed-loop structure, the extension portion 4322 can form a protective isolation for the electrode tab 422 on the entire periphery of the tab 422 , which is beneficial to further improve isolation effect.
  • the isolation portion 423 is also of an annular structure, the extension portion 4322 is pressed against the isolation portion 423 to form a continuously extending closed-loop isolation region, so that the tab 422 is connected to the housing 41 at various positions in the circumferential direction of the tab 422 . isolated.
  • the extension portion 4322 is located on the side of the isolation portion 423 close to the end cap 431. In the direction away from the end cap 431 , the extension portion 4322 presses against the isolation portion 423 . One end of the extension portion 4322 away from the end cap 431 presses against the isolation portion 423 . In this way, the extension portion 4322 can form a limit constraint on the isolation portion 423 , reducing the possibility of the isolation portion 423 moving toward or away from the end cap 431 , thereby reducing the movement of the isolation portion 423 in the direction of approaching or away from the end cap 431 .
  • extension portion 4322 and the isolation portion 423 may be out of the pressing state, and the extension portion 4322 can also form a limit constraint on the electrode assembly 42, reducing the possibility of the electrode assembly 42 moving toward or away from the end cap 431. .
  • the tab 422 includes a stepped portion 422a.
  • the stepped portion 422a includes a first side surface 4221 , a transition surface 4222 and a second side surface 4223 .
  • the tab 422 includes a first extension section corresponding to the first side surface 4221 and a second extension section corresponding to the second side surface 4223 .
  • the first side 4221 is close to the main body portion 421
  • the second side 4223 is close to the end cap 431 .
  • the transition surface 4222 connects the first side surface 4221 and the second side surface 4223 .
  • the transition surface 4222 faces the end cap 431 .
  • the smallest radial dimension of the first side surface 4221 is larger than the largest radial dimension of the second side surface 4223 , that is, the smallest radial dimension of the first extension is larger than the largest radial dimension of the second extension.
  • the portion of the tab 422 corresponding to the second side surface 4223 is located in the recess 432a, that is, the second extension of the tab 422 is located in the recess 432a.
  • the extension 4322 is disposed around the second side 4223 .
  • the portion of the inner wall of the recessed portion 432a corresponding to the extending portion 4322 surrounds the second side surface 4223 .
  • the entire tab 422 is flattened by a flattening process to form the stepped portion 422a.
  • the isolation portion 423 is a separately provided structural member. After the tabs 422 are rubbed flat, the isolation portion 423 is placed on the transition surface 4222 , and the isolation portion 423 is pressed against the first insulating member 432 .
  • FIG. 15 before the pole piece is wound, the part of the pole piece to be formed with the second extension is cut so that the width of the part is smaller than that of other parts on the pole piece. After the pole pieces are wound, the second extension is formed in the cut portion, and the first extension is formed in the uncut portion. A portion of the diaphragm 42c extending beyond the second extension in the axial direction and located at the outer periphery of the first extension may form a partition 423 .
  • the isolation portion 423 is provided on the transition surface 4222 .
  • the end surface of the extension portion 4322 is opposite to the transition surface 4222, and is pressed against the isolation portion 423. Since the isolation portion 423 is located on the transition surface 4222 of the tab 422, when the extension portion 4322 exerts a pressing stress on the isolation portion 423, the isolation portion 423 can transmit the force to the transition surface 4222, so that the tab 422 can absorb the resistance. Compressive stress.
  • the electrode assembly 42 further includes a second insulating member 424 .
  • the second insulating member 424 is disposed around the pressing area of the first insulating member 432 and the isolation portion 423 to isolate the housing 41 from the pressing area of the first insulating member 432 and the insulating portion 423 .
  • the second insulating member 424 forms an isolation structure on the outer side of the extending portion 4322 of the first insulating member 432, so as to reduce the possibility of conductive impurities entering the pressing area of the extending portion 4322 and the isolation portion 423, and also An isolation protection can be formed for the tabs 422 to reduce the possibility that the tabs 422 and the housing 41 come into contact with each other when the extension portion 4322 and the isolation portion 423 are accidentally released from the pressing state.
  • the pressing area of the extension part 4322 and the isolation part 423 and the second insulating member 424 can form a double isolation and protection structure for the tab 422, which is beneficial to further reduce the contact between the tab 422 and the shell 41, which may cause the tab 422 and the Possibility of short circuit in case 41 .
  • the second insulating member 424 is a ring-shaped structure. The second insulating member 424 continuously extends along the peripheral side of the extending portion 4322 , so that the protection can be formed in the entire peripheral direction of the extending portion 4322 .
  • the second insulating member 424 may be a separate structural member.
  • the two second insulating members 424 are respectively disposed corresponding to the two tabs 422 .
  • the second insulating member 424 needs to be assembled to the outer periphery of the tab 422 in advance, and the second insulating member 424 does not cover the main body portion 421 .
  • the electrode assembly 42 with the second insulating member 424 is loaded into the case 41 .
  • the second insulating member 424 may be a separate structural member.
  • the second insulating member 424 has a cylindrical structure.
  • the second insulating member 424 wraps the main body portion 421 and the tabs 422 .
  • the portion of the second insulating member 424 beyond the main body portion 421 surrounds the pressing area between the first insulating member 432 and the isolation portion 423 .
  • the first insulator 432 has an outer surface 432b facing the housing 41 .
  • the second insulating member 424 is pressed against the outer surface 432b of the first insulating member 432 facing the housing 41 and is in contact with the isolation portion 423, so that the second insulating member 424 and the first insulating member 432 and the second insulating member 424 and the Contact areas can be formed between the isolation parts 423 respectively, and the second insulating member 424 can block the conductive impurities, which is beneficial to further reduce the conductive impurities from between the second insulating member 424 and the first insulating member 432 or the second insulating member 432.
  • the space between the insulating member 424 and the isolation portion 423 enters between the second insulating member 424 and the extending portion 4322 , and then enters the pressing area of the extending portion 4322 and the insulating portion 423 .
  • the outer surface 432b of the first insulator 432 has a guide slope. In the direction away from the end cap 431, the guide slope is inclined toward the recess 432a. In this way, when the electrode assembly 42 with the second insulating member 424 is loaded into the housing 41 and then the end cap assembly 43 is assembled, under the guiding action of the guiding slope, the portion of the first insulating member 432 corresponding to the guiding slope can be It is easy to enter the space defined by the second insulating member 424, which is beneficial to reduce the collapse of the second insulating member 424 caused by the first insulating member 432 directly pressing against the second insulating member 424, thereby causing the second insulating member 424 to lose the isolation function possibility.
  • the guide slope provided on the first insulating member 432 makes the outer peripheral surface of the extension portion 4322 tapered.
  • the second insulating member 424 is adhered to the outer surface 432b of the first insulating member 432 , which is beneficial to improve the connection reliability and stability of the second insulating member 424 and the first insulating member 432 and reduce the battery cell 40 During use, there is a possibility that the second insulating member 424 and the first insulating member 432 are out of contact state due to shock, vibration and other working conditions.
  • the second insulating member 424 may be adhered to the outer surface 432b of the first insulating member 432 by tape or adhesive.
  • the area where the second insulating member 424 is pressed against the outer surface 432b of the first insulating member 432 is closer to the end cap 431 than the tab 422 , so that the contact area between the second insulating member 424 and the first insulating member 432 is Closer to end cap 431 .
  • the first insulating member 432 can contact the second insulating member 424 more quickly, so that the first insulating member 432 can contact the second insulating member 424 before the isolation portion 423 is pressed, thereby reducing the During the assembly process, there is a possibility that conductive debris may enter the tab 422 from the gap between the uncontacted first insulating member 432 and the second insulating member 424 .
  • the battery cell 40 of the embodiment of the present application includes an electrode assembly 42 having tabs 422 and isolation portions 423, and a first insulating member 432 having a concave portion 432a.
  • the isolation portion 423 is provided along the peripheral side of the tab 422 .
  • the tab 422 when the tab 422 is deformed by releasing the elastic restoring force accumulated by itself, and the tab 422 encounters the first insulating member 432 and the isolation portion 423, the tab 422 will be subjected to the first The insulator 432 and the isolation portion 423 are limited and restricted, so that the contact with the casing 41 is not easy, and the possibility of short circuit of the battery cells 40 caused by the contact between the tabs 422 and the casing 41 is reduced.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a method for manufacturing the battery cell 40 , including:
  • the electrode assembly 42 having the main body portion 421, the tabs 422 and the isolation portion 423 is put into the casing 41 having the opening 411, wherein the tabs 422 extend from the end portion 421a of the main body portion 421 toward the opening 411, and the isolation portion 423 is provided on the periphery of the polar ear 422;
  • the end cap assembly 43 having the end cap 431 and the first insulating member 432 with the housing 41 , cover the opening 411 and connect the housing 41 through the end cap 431 , and place the first insulating member 432 on the end cap 431 close to the housing 41
  • the first insulating member 432 has a concave portion 432a, and at least part of the tab 422 is accommodated in the concave portion 432a.
  • the electrode assembly 42 having the main body portion 421 , the tab 422 and the isolation portion 423 is put into the case 41 , and the tab 422 faces the case. the opening 411 of the body 41 .
  • Assembling the end cap 431 and the end cap assembly 43 of the first insulating member 432 with the recessed portion 432a and the housing 41, and at least part of the tab 422 is accommodated in the recessed portion 432a of the first insulating member 432, so that the first insulating member 432 is pressed against the isolation portion 423 .
  • the first insulating member 432 and the isolation portion 423 can separate the tabs 422 from the housing 41 through the structural design.
  • the tabs 422 release their own accumulated elastic restoring force, the Deformation, when the tab 422 encounters the first insulating member 432 and the isolation portion 423, the tab 422 will be limited by the first insulating member 432 and the isolation portion 423, so that the tab 422 is not easily contacted with the housing 41, The possibility of short circuit of the battery cells 40 due to contact between the tabs 422 and the casing 41 is reduced.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a manufacturing system 50 for the battery cell 40, including:
  • the first assembly device 51 is configured to mount the electrode assembly 42 having the main body portion 421 , the tabs 422 and the isolation portion 423 into the housing 41 having the opening 411 , wherein the tabs 422 extend from the end portion 421 a of the main body portion 421 . Extending toward the opening 411, the isolation portion 423 is disposed on the outer periphery of the tab 422;
  • the second assembly device 52 is configured to assemble the end cap assembly 43 having the end cap 431 and the first insulating member 432 with the housing 41, cover the opening 411 through the end cap 431 and connect the housing 41, and make the first insulating member 432 is located on the side of the end cap 431 close to the inside of the housing 41, wherein the first insulating member 432 has a recess 432a, at least part of the tab 422 is accommodated in the recess 432a, and the first insulating member 432 is press-fitted with the isolation portion 423 to The tabs 422 are isolated from the housing 41 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Multi-Process Working Machines And Systems (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及系统。电池单体包括壳体、电极组件以及端盖组件。壳体具有开口。电极组件设置于壳体内。电极组件包括主体部、极耳以及隔离部。极耳从主体部的端部朝开口延伸。隔离部设置于极耳外周。端盖组件用于封闭开口。端盖组件包括端盖以及第一绝缘件。端盖被配置为覆盖开口并连接于壳体。第一绝缘件设置于端盖靠近壳体内部的一侧。第一绝缘件具有凹部。至少部分极耳容纳于凹部内。第一绝缘件被配置为与隔离部抵压配合，以隔离极耳与壳体。本申请实施例的电池单体，旨在解决电池单体存在短路而影响使用安全性的问题。

Description

电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及系统 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及系统。
背景技术
由于可充放电的电池具有能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多和存储时间长等优点，在电动汽车、移动设备或电动工具上面已普遍应用。电池包括电池单体。然而，电池单体在使用过程中，存在短路的问题，影响电池单体的使用安全性。
发明内容
本申请实施例一种电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及系统，旨在解决电池单体存在短路而影响使用安全性的问题。
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括壳体、电极组件以及端盖组件。壳体具有开口。电极组件设置于壳体内。电极组件包括主体部、极耳以及隔离部。极耳从主体部的端部朝开口延伸。隔离部设置于极耳外周。端盖组件用于封闭开口。端盖组件包括端盖以及第一绝缘件。端盖被配置为覆盖开口并连接于壳体。第一绝缘件设置于端盖靠近壳体内部的一侧。第一绝缘件具有凹部。至少部分极耳容纳于凹部内。第一绝缘件被配置为与隔离部抵压配合，以隔离极耳与壳体。
本申请的一个实施例中，第一绝缘件包括相互连接的本体和延伸部，本体被配置为连接端盖，延伸部从本体上朝电极组件延伸凸出以形成凹部，延伸部设置于极耳外周，延伸部抵压隔离部。由于第一绝缘件具有延伸部，因此在进行组装时，第一绝缘件的延伸部可以插入极耳和壳体之间的间隙中，从而延伸部可以引导极耳准确插入第一绝缘件的凹部内，降低在组装过程中，第一绝缘件对极耳施加挤压应力而导致极耳发生变形的可能性，同时也使得延伸部可以在组装过程中较早地对极耳形成防护和限位。
本申请的一个实施例中，延伸部位于隔离部靠近端盖的一侧，延伸部沿远离端盖的方向抵压隔离部。延伸部可以对隔离部形成限位约束，降低隔离部朝靠近或远离端盖的方向发生移动的可能性，从而降低因隔离部靠近或远离端盖的方向发生移动而导致延伸部和隔离部脱离抵压状态的可能性，同时延伸部也可以对电极组件形成限位约束，降低电极组件朝靠近或远离端盖的方向发生移动的可能性。
本申请的一个实施例中，延伸部为连续延伸的闭环结构。由于延伸部远离端盖的端面呈闭环结构，因此延伸部可以在极耳的整个外周对极耳形成防护隔离，有利于进一步提高隔离效果。或者，延伸部为具有缺口的环形结构。延伸部的缺口可以提供避让空间。
本申请的一个实施例中，隔离部为环形。隔离部整体套设在极耳的外周，从而隔离部可以在极耳的整个周向上对极耳形成防护。
本申请的一个实施例中，极耳包括台阶部，台阶部包括第一侧面、过渡面和第二侧面，第一侧面靠近主体部，过渡面连接第一侧面和第二侧面，过渡面朝向端盖，第一侧面的最小径向尺寸大于第二侧面的最大径向尺寸，凹部的至少部分内壁环绕第二侧面。极耳上与第二侧面对应的部分位于凹部内。这样，极耳的一部分可以位于第一绝缘件的凹部内，对于同等容量的电池单体有利于缩短电池单体在电极组件的轴向上的整体尺寸，从而有利于提高电池单体的能量密度。
本申请的一个实施例中，延伸部环绕第二侧面，隔离部设置于过渡面。延伸部的端面与过渡面相对，并抵压于隔离部，可以降低电极组件朝靠近或远离端盖的方向发生移动的可能性。
本申请的一个实施例中，电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片以及隔膜，第一极片和第二极片均具有涂覆区和未涂覆区，电极组件上与第一极片和第二极片的涂覆区对应的部分为主体部，第一极片或第二极片的未涂覆区形成极耳，隔膜用于隔离第一极片和第二极片，隔离部为隔膜超出主体部并且位于极耳外周的一部分，有利于减少零部件使用数量和装配难度，并且由于隔膜是一整体结构，使得形成的隔离部不易发生脱落。
本申请的一个实施例中，电极组件还包括第二绝缘件，第二绝缘件环绕第一绝缘件与隔离部的抵压区域，以隔离抵压区域与壳体。延伸部和隔离部的抵压区域以及第二绝缘件可以对极耳形成双重隔离和防护结构，有利于进一步降低极耳和壳体发生接触而导致极耳和壳体发生短路的可能性。
本申请的一个实施例中，第二绝缘件抵压于第一绝缘件朝向壳体的外表面并且与隔离部相接触。第二绝缘件与第一绝缘件之间以及第二绝缘件与隔离部之间分别可以形成接触区域，从而第二绝缘件可以阻挡可导电性杂物。
本申请的一个实施例中，外表面具有导向斜面，沿远离端盖的方向，导向斜面朝向凹部倾斜。在将带有第二绝缘件的电极组件装入壳体后再装配端盖组件时，在导向斜面的引导作用下，第一绝缘件上与导向斜面对应的部分可以容易地进入第二绝缘件所限定的空间内。
本申请的一个实施例中，第二绝缘件粘接于外表面，有利于提高第二绝缘件和第一绝缘件的连接可靠性和稳定性。
本申请的一个实施例中，第二绝缘件抵压于外表面的区域相对于极耳更靠近端盖，可以降低在装配过程中，可导电性杂物从未接触的第一绝缘件和第二绝缘件之间的间隙进入到极耳处的可能性。
本申请的一个实施例中，端盖组件还包括转接片，转接片容纳于凹部内，转接 片包括第一转接部，第一转接部被配置为连接极耳，第一绝缘件和电极组件挤压第一转接部。第一转接部不易相对电极组件发生位置移动，有利于降低因第一转接部相对电极组件发生移动而导致第一转接部和极耳脱离连接的可能性。
本申请实施例的电池单体包括壳体、电极组件和端盖组件。端盖组件的第一绝缘件的凹部收纳电极组件的极耳。同时，第一绝缘件和电极组件的隔离部相互抵压，以在极耳的外围形成隔离结构，从而将极耳和壳体隔离开。这样，一方面，在电池单体使用过程中，极耳在释放自身的弹性回复力而发生变形时，如果极耳接触到第一绝缘件和隔离部，则极耳会受到第一绝缘件和隔离部的阻挡，从而有效降低极耳与壳体搭接接触而发生短路的可能性；另一方面，由于第一绝缘件和隔离部相互抵压，而至少部分极耳收纳于第一绝缘件的凹部内，因此极耳可以受到第一绝缘件和隔离部的防护，从而外部的可导电性杂物不容易与极耳接触，降低可导电性杂物将极耳和壳体导通而导致极耳和壳体发生短路的可能性。
本申请实施例还提供一种电池，包括如上述实施例的电池单体。
本申请实施例还提供一种用电装置，包括如上述实施例的电池单体，电池单体用于提供电能。
本申请实施例还提供一种如上述实施例的电池单体的制造方法，包括：
将具有主体部、极耳以及隔离部的电极组件装入具有开口的壳体内，其中，极耳从主体部的端部朝开口延伸，隔离部设置于极耳外周；
将具有端盖和第一绝缘件的端盖组件与壳体组装，通过端盖覆盖开口并连接壳体，并且使第一绝缘件位于端盖靠近壳体内部的一侧，其中，第一绝缘件具有凹部，至少部分极耳容纳于凹部内，第一绝缘件与隔离部抵压配合，以隔离极耳与壳体。
本申请实施例还提供一种如上述实施例的电池单体的制造系统，包括：
第一装配装置，被配置为将具有主体部、极耳以及隔离部的电极组件装入具有开口的壳体内，其中，极耳从主体部的端部朝开口延伸，隔离部设置于极耳外周；
第二装配装置，被配置为将具有端盖和第一绝缘件的端盖组件与壳体组装，通过端盖覆盖开口并连接壳体，并且使第一绝缘件位于端盖靠近壳体内部的一侧，其中，第一绝缘件具有凹部，至少部分极耳容纳于凹部内，第一绝缘件与隔离部抵压配合，以隔离极耳与壳体。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例公开的一种车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池模组的结构示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池模组的分解结构示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图6是本申请一实施例公开的一种电极组件的结构示意图；
图7是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池单体的俯视结构示意图；
图8是图7中沿A-A处的剖视结构示意图；
图9是图8中B处放大图；
图10是本申请一实施例公开的一种端盖组件的结构示意图；
图11是本申请另一实施例公开的一种端盖组件的结构示意图；
图12是本申请另一实施例公开的一种电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图13是图12所示实施例的电池单体的剖视结构示意图；
图14是图13中C处放大图；
图15是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池单体的局部剖视结构示意图；
图16是本申请又一实施例公开的一种电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图17是图16所示实施例的电池单体的剖视结构示意图；
图18是图17中D处放大图；
图19是本申请一实施例的一种电池单体的制造方法流程图；
图20是本申请一实施例的一种电池单体的制造系统示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
申请人在注意到现有电池单体存在短路的问题之后，对电池单体的结构进行研究分析。电池单体包括壳体、电极组件、端盖、电极端子以及转接片。电极组件设置于壳体内。端盖连接于壳体。电极端子设置于端盖。电极组件包括主体部以及极耳。极耳从主体部上向远离主体部的方向延伸。转接片连接电极端子和电极组件的极耳。申请人发现电池单体的极耳和壳体存在搭接接触的情况而导致电池单体发生短路。申请人进一步研究发现，电极组件的极耳会经过折弯工序或者揉平工序处理，使得极耳发生变形以满足装配需求，因此极耳自身会蓄积弹性回复力。在电池单体完成装配时，极耳并未与壳体搭接而出现短路的情况。然而在使用一段时间后，极耳会释放自身蓄积的弹性回复力而发生回弹，从而会出现极耳与壳体搭接发生短路的问题。
基于申请人发现的上述问题，申请人对电池单体的结构进行改进，将端盖组件的绝缘件和极耳外侧的隔离部抵压配合，以减少极耳与壳体搭接的可能性。下面对本申请实施例进行进一步描述。
为了更好地理解本申请，下面结合图1至图20对本申请实施例进 行描述。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池10作为电源的用电装置。该用电装置可以但不仅限于为车辆、船舶或飞行器等。参见图1所示，本申请的一个实施例提供一种车辆1。车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车。新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。在本申请一实施例中，车辆1可以包括马达1a、控制器1b以及电池10。控制器1b用来控制电池10为马达1a供电。马达1a通过传动机构与车轮连接，从而驱动车辆1行进。电池10可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。在一个示例中，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于为车辆1供电。在一个示例中，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统。示例性地，电池10可以用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。
参见图2和图3所示，电池10包括箱体。箱体的类型不受限制。箱体可为框状箱体、盘状箱体或盒状箱体等。示例性地，箱体包括第一部分11和与第一部分11盖合的第二部分12。第一部分11和第二部分12盖合后形成容纳部。电池10包括多个电池单体40。多个电池单体40可以组成电池10，也可以是多个电池单体40先组成电池模组20，多个电池模组20再组成电池10。图3示意性显示了一实施例的电池模组20，该电池模组20设置于箱体的容纳部内。
在一些实施例中，为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池10可以包括多个电池单体40，其中，多个电池单体40之间可以串联、并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。也就是说，多个电池单体40可以直接设置于箱体的容纳部内以组成电池10。电池单体40可以是圆柱形结构，也可以是具有六面的方形结构，这里不对电池单体40的外形结构做限定。在本申请实施例中，示例性地以电池单体40是圆柱形结构来进行说明，但并不对本申请的保护范围构成限定。
参见图3和图4所示，电池模组20包括外壳30以及设置于外壳30内的电池单体40。在一个示例中，外壳30包括筒体31、第一盖体32和 第二盖体33。第一盖体32和第二盖体33分别设置于筒体31的两端。第一盖体32和第二盖体33分别与筒体31可拆卸连接。例如，可以第一盖体32和第二盖体33分别与筒体31卡接或者使用螺钉连接。筒体31、第一盖体32和第二盖体33组装后形成容纳空间。电池单体40设置于外壳30的容纳空间内。
参见图5所示，本申请实施例的电池单体40包括壳体41以及设置于壳体41内的电极组件42。本申请实施例的壳体41为筒状结构。壳体41具有容纳电极组件42和电解液的内部空间以及与内部空间相连通的开口411。电极组件42可以从壳体41的开口411处装入壳体41内。壳体41可以由例如铝、铝合金或塑料等材料制造。电极组件42包括主体部421以及极耳422。主体部421具有端部421a。电极组件42设置于壳体41内，主体部421的端部421a朝向壳体41的开口411，而极耳422从主体部421的端部421a朝壳体41的开口411延伸。
参见图5所示，本申请实施例的电池单体40还包括端盖组件43和转接片44。端盖组件43用于封闭壳体41的开口411。端盖组件43包括端盖431、第一绝缘件432以及电极端子433。端盖431被配置为覆盖壳体41的开口411并且连接于壳体41。例如，端盖431可以与壳体41焊接连接。第一绝缘件432以及电极端子433均设置于端盖431上。第一绝缘件432设置于端盖431靠近壳体41内部的一侧。第一绝缘件432具有凹部432a。凹部432a是第一绝缘件432远离端盖431的表面朝向端盖431凹陷形成，凹部的开口朝向电极组件42。电极端子433通过转接片44与电极组件42电连接。在一个示例中，端盖组件43的数量以及转接片44的数量均为两个。电极组件42相对的两端中的每一端对应设置一个端盖组件43以及一个转接片44。
参见图6所示，本申请实施例的电极组件42可通过将第一极片42a、第二极片42b以及隔膜42c一同卷绕形成，其中，隔膜42c是介于第一极片42a和第二极片42b之间的绝缘体。隔膜42c用于绝缘隔离第一极片42a和第二极片42b，避免第一极片42a和第二极片42b接触。第一极片42a和第二极片42b均包括涂覆区和未涂覆区。第一极片42a的活性 物质被涂覆在第一极片42a的涂覆区上，而第二极片42b的活性物质被涂覆在第二极片42b的涂覆区上。在涂覆区上，活性物质被涂覆在由金属薄板形成的集流体上，而在未涂覆区上没有涂覆活性物质。电极组件42上与第一极片42a和第二极片42b的涂覆区对应的部分为主体部421。第一极片42a的未涂覆区或第二极片42b的未涂覆区形成极耳422。主体部421具有相对设置的两个端部421a。极耳422从主体部421的一个端部421a延伸。极耳422为多层结构。示例性地，第一极片42a的未涂覆区层叠形成正极耳，而第二极片42b的未涂覆区层叠形成负极耳。正极耳和负极耳分别从主体部421的一个端部421a上延伸。第一极片42a、第二极片42b以及隔膜42c一同卷绕时，在卷绕工序的末段，使隔膜42c单独多卷绕预定圈数，从而超出第一极片42a和第二极片42b的隔膜42c可以包裹第一极片42a和第二极片42b。沿电极组件42的卷绕轴线的方向，隔膜42c的尺寸大于第一极片42a的涂覆区的尺寸，也大于第二极片42b的涂覆区的尺寸。因此，沿电极组件42的卷绕轴线的方向，电极组件42的隔膜42c的一部分超出主体部421，且超过主体部421的隔膜42c有部分位于极耳422外周。
参见图7和图8所示，端盖431和壳体41连接以将电极组件42封闭在壳体41内。第一绝缘件432可以将电极组件42和端盖431隔离开。示例性地，壳体41具有相对的两个开口411。两个端盖431分别覆盖两个开口411并均与壳体41相连接。电极组件42具有相对的两个极耳422。两个极耳422分别从主体部421的两个端部421a延伸出去。两个极耳422的极性相反。两个电极端子433分别与两个极耳422相连接。两个第一绝缘件432分别连接于两个端盖431。
参见图8和图9所示，电极组件42还包括隔离部423。隔离部423设置于极耳422的外周，从而使极耳422位于隔离部423的内侧。这里，内侧指的是远离壳体41的一侧。隔离部423沿极耳422的周侧延伸。沿电极组件42的卷绕轴线的方向，隔离部423不超出极耳422。本申请实施例的第一绝缘件432具有凹部432a。极耳422朝向凹部432a内延伸。至少部分极耳422容纳于第一绝缘件432的凹部432a内。第一绝缘件432 可以对电极组件42起到限位约束作用，降低因电池单体40受到冲击或振动而导致电极组件42在壳体41内发生移动的可能性。第一绝缘件432被配置为与隔离部423抵压配合，以隔离极耳422与壳体41。第一绝缘件432和隔离部423抵压配合后形成抵压区域，而极耳422位于抵压区域的内侧。第一绝缘件432和隔离部423共同在极耳422的外围形成隔离结构，从而将极耳422与壳体41隔离开。
本申请实施例的电池单体40包括壳体41、电极组件42和端盖组件43。端盖组件43的第一绝缘件432的凹部432a收纳电极组件42的极耳422。同时，第一绝缘件432和电极组件42的隔离部423相互抵压，以在极耳422的外围形成隔离结构，从而将极耳422和壳体41隔离开。这样，一方面，在电池单体40使用过程中，极耳422在释放自身的弹性回复力而发生变形时，如果极耳422接触到第一绝缘件432和隔离部423，则极耳422会受到第一绝缘件432和隔离部423的阻挡，从而有效降低极耳422与壳体41搭接接触而发生短路的可能性；另一方面，由于第一绝缘件432和隔离部423相互抵压，而至少部分极耳422收纳于第一绝缘件432的凹部432a内，因此极耳422可以受到第一绝缘件432和隔离部423的防护，从而外部的可导电性杂物不容易与极耳422接触，降低可导电性杂物将极耳422和壳体41导通而导致极耳422和壳体41发生短路的可能性。
在一些实施例中，参见图9所示，第一绝缘件432包括相互连接的本体4321和延伸部4322。第一绝缘件432通过本体4321连接于端盖431。示例性地，电极端子433与端盖431连接固定后，电极端子433的一部分位于本体4321远离端盖431的一侧并且该部分朝向端盖431对本体4321施加压紧力，从而使得第一绝缘件432与端盖431实现连接。延伸部4322从本体4321上朝向电极组件42延伸凸出。本体4321和延伸部4322相交设置。本体4321和延伸部4322形成凹部432a。延伸部4322设置于极耳422外周。延伸部4322沿极耳422的周侧延伸。第一绝缘件432通过延伸部4322与隔离部423抵压配合。第一绝缘件432可以通过本体4321预先与端盖431连接固定，然后再将带有第一绝缘件432的端盖431 与壳体41进行组装。由于第一绝缘件432具有延伸部4322，因此在进行组装时，第一绝缘件432的延伸部4322可以插入极耳422和壳体41之间的间隙中，从而延伸部4322可以引导极耳422准确插入第一绝缘件432的凹部432a内，降低在组装过程中，第一绝缘件432对极耳422施加挤压应力而导致极耳422发生变形的可能性，同时也使得延伸部4322可以在组装过程中较早地对极耳422形成防护和限位。本实施例中，至少部分隔离部423位于凹部432a内。延伸部4322从隔离部423的外侧抵压在隔离部423朝向壳体41的表面，从而延伸部4322和隔离部423可以从极耳422的外周对极耳422进行防护隔离。这里，外侧指的是靠近壳体41的一侧。
在一些示例中，隔离部423可以是单独的结构件，需要将隔离部423装配到极耳422的外周。或者，隔离部423为隔膜42c超出主体部421并且位于极耳422外周的一部分。在卷绕工序中，隔膜42c的一部分会超出第一极片42a和第二极片42b。隔膜42c超出第一极片42a和第二极片42b的部分(即上文中描述的在卷绕工序的末段，单独多卷绕预定圈数的隔膜42c)同时沿电极组件42的轴向也超出主体部421。隔膜42c超出主体部421且位于极耳422外周的部分可以用于形成隔离部423，从而不再需要额外单独设置隔离部423，有利于减少零部件使用数量和装配难度，并且由于隔膜42c是一整体结构，使得形成的隔离部423不易发生脱落。
在一些示例中，隔离部423可以是具有中心孔的环形结构。极耳422从隔离部423的中心孔穿过。隔离部423整体套设在极耳422的外周，从而隔离部423可以在极耳422的整个周向上对极耳422形成防护。
在一些示例中，第一绝缘件432可以是球形结构的罩体。第一绝缘件432上形成凹部432a的表面为球形面，也即凹部432a的内壁为球形面。
在一些实施例中，参见图9和图10所示，转接片44包括第一转接部441和第二转接部442。第一转接部441和第二转接部442相连接。转接片44通过第一转接部441与电极组件42的极耳422相连接。例如，第 一转接部441和极耳422焊接连接。转接片44通过第二转接部442与电极端子433相连接。例如，第二转接部442和电极端子433通过铆钉连接。参见图9所示，在电池单体40完成装配后，第一转接部441相对于第二转接部442处于折弯状态。第一转接部441位于第一绝缘件432和电极组件42之间并且位于凹部432a内。第一绝缘件432和电极组件42共同挤压第一转接部441，从而第一转接部441不易相对电极组件42发生位置移动，有利于降低因第一转接部441相对电极组件42发生移动而导致第一转接部441和极耳422脱离连接的可能性。在一个示例中，第一绝缘件432的本体4321和电极组件42共同挤压第一转接部441。
在一些实施例中，图10示意性地显示了转接片44与电极端子433相连接但未折弯的状态。参见图10所示，延伸部4322为具有缺口43221的环形结构，使得延伸部4322远离端盖431的端面呈开环结构。延伸部4322的缺口43221可以避让第二转接部442。转接片44的第二转接部442可以从该缺口43221处穿过，从而在转接片44加工制造过程中，转接片44的第一转接部441和第二转接部442保持平整状态，可以减少转接片44的加工工序。延伸部4322上除缺口43221之外的部分均可以抵压于隔离部423。
在一些实施例中，图11示意性地显示了转接片44与电极端子433相连接但未折弯的状态。参见图11所示，延伸部4322为连续延伸的闭环结构，使得延伸部4322远离端盖431的端面呈闭环结构。转接片44的第一转接部441和第二转接部442在加工制造时需要进行折弯，以在第二转接部442和电极端子433相连接后，转接片44可以避让延伸部4322。延伸部4322可以抵压于隔离部423，并且由于延伸部4322远离端盖431的端面呈闭环结构，因此延伸部4322可以在极耳422的整个外周对极耳422形成防护隔离，有利于进一步提高隔离效果。在隔离部423也为环形结构的实施例中，延伸部4322与隔离部423抵压后形成连续延伸的闭环隔离区域，从而在极耳422的周向上的各个位置将极耳422与壳体41隔离开。
在一些实施例中，参见图12至图14所示，延伸部4322位于隔离 部423靠近端盖431的一侧。沿远离端盖431的方向，延伸部4322抵压隔离部423。延伸部4322远离端盖431的一端抵压隔离部423。这样，延伸部4322可以对隔离部423形成限位约束，降低隔离部423朝靠近或远离端盖431的方向发生移动的可能性，从而降低因隔离部423靠近或远离端盖431的方向发生移动而导致延伸部4322和隔离部423脱离抵压状态的可能性，同时延伸部4322也可以对电极组件42形成限位约束，降低电极组件42朝靠近或远离端盖431的方向发生移动的可能性。
在一些实施例中，参见图14所示，极耳422包括台阶部422a。台阶部422a包括第一侧面4221、过渡面4222和第二侧面4223。极耳422包括与第一侧面4221对应的第一延伸段和与第二侧面4223相对应的第二延伸段。第一侧面4221靠近主体部421，而第二侧面4223靠近端盖431。过渡面4222连接第一侧面4221和第二侧面4223。过渡面4222朝向端盖431。第一侧面4221的最小径向尺寸大于第二侧面4223的最大径向尺寸，也即第一延伸段的最小径向尺寸大于第二延伸段的最大径向尺寸。极耳422上与第二侧面4223对应的部分位于凹部432a内，也即极耳422的第二延伸段位于凹部432a内。这样，极耳422的一部分可以位于第一绝缘件432的凹部432a内，对于同等容量的电池单体40有利于缩短电池单体40在电极组件42的轴向上的整体尺寸，从而有利于提高电池单体40的能量密度。在一个示例中，延伸部4322环绕第二侧面4223设置。凹部432a的内壁上与延伸部4322对应的部分环绕第二侧面4223。
在一个示例中，参见图14所示，极耳422整体通过揉平工艺揉平以形成台阶部422a。隔离部423是单独设置的结构件。在极耳422揉平后，将隔离部423放置于过渡面4222上，并通过第一绝缘件432抵压隔离部423。另一个示例中，参见图15所示，在极片未卷绕之前，对极片上待形成第二延伸段的部分进行切割，使得该部分的宽度小于极片上其它部分的宽度。在极片完成卷绕后，第二延伸段形成于切割后的部分，而第一延伸段形成于未切割的部分。隔膜42c在轴向上超出第二延伸段且位于第一延伸段外周的部分可以形成隔离部423。
在一个示例中，隔离部423设置于过渡面4222。延伸部4322的端 面与过渡面4222相对，并抵压于隔离部423。由于隔离部423位于极耳422的过渡面4222上，因此在延伸部4322对隔离部423施加抵压应力时，隔离部423可以将作用力传递至过渡面4222，从而极耳422可以吸收该抵压应力。这样，一方面，降低电极组件42朝靠近或远离端盖431的方向发生移动的可能性；另一方面，降低延伸部4322对隔离部423的抵压应力直接作用于主体部421上而导致主体部421的隔膜42c发生错位，从而导致第一极片42a和第二极片42b相互接触而发生短路的可能性。
在一些实施例中，参见图16至图18所示，电极组件42还包括第二绝缘件424。第二绝缘件424环绕第一绝缘件432与隔离部423的抵压区域设置，以将壳体41与第一绝缘件432和隔离部423的抵压区域隔离开。在一个示例中，第二绝缘件424在第一绝缘件432的延伸部4322的外侧形成隔离结构，从而可以降低导电性杂物进入延伸部4322和隔离部423的抵压区域的可能性，也可以对极耳422形成隔离防护，降低延伸部4322和隔离部423因意外脱离抵压状态时极耳422与壳体41发生接触的可能性。这样，延伸部4322和隔离部423的抵压区域以及第二绝缘件424可以对极耳422形成双重隔离和防护结构，有利于进一步降低极耳422和壳体41发生接触而导致极耳422和壳体41发生短路的可能性。在一个示例中，第二绝缘件424为环形结构。第二绝缘件424沿延伸部4322的周侧连续延伸，从而可以在延伸部4322的整个周向上形成防护。
在一些示例中，第二绝缘件424可以是单独的结构件。两个第二绝缘件424分别对应两个极耳422设置。在装配工序中，需要预先将第二绝缘件424装配到极耳422的外周，并且第二绝缘件424不覆盖主体部421。然后，将带有第二绝缘件424的电极组件42装入壳体41内。或者，第二绝缘件424可以是单独的结构件。第二绝缘件424为筒状结构。第二绝缘件424将主体部421和极耳422包裹。第二绝缘件424超出主体部421的部分环绕第一绝缘件432与隔离部423的抵压区域。
在一些实施例中，第一绝缘件432具有朝向壳体41的外表面432b。第二绝缘件424抵压于第一绝缘件432朝向壳体41的外表面432b并且与隔离部423相接触，从而第二绝缘件424与第一绝缘件432之间以 及第二绝缘件424与隔离部423之间分别可以形成接触区域，进而第二绝缘件424可以阻挡可导电性杂物，有利于进一步降低可导电性杂物从第二绝缘件424与第一绝缘件432之间或第二绝缘件424与隔离部423之间进入到第二绝缘件424和延伸部4322之间，然后进入延伸部4322和隔离部423的抵压区域的可能性。
在一些示例中，第一绝缘件432的外表面432b具有导向斜面。沿远离端盖431的方向，导向斜面朝向凹部432a倾斜。这样，在将带有第二绝缘件424的电极组件42装入壳体41后再装配端盖组件43时，在导向斜面的引导作用下，第一绝缘件432上与导向斜面对应的部分可以容易地进入第二绝缘件424所限定的空间内，有利于降低第一绝缘件432直接抵压第二绝缘件424而导致第二绝缘件424发生塌陷，从而导致第二绝缘件424失去隔离功能的可能性。第一绝缘件432包括本体4321和延伸部4322的实施例中，第一绝缘件432设置的导向斜面，使得延伸部4322外周面呈锥形。
在一些示例中，第二绝缘件424粘接于第一绝缘件432的外表面432b，有利于提高第二绝缘件424和第一绝缘件432的连接可靠性和稳定性，降低电池单体40在使用过程中，由于存在冲击、振动等工况，而导致第二绝缘件424与第一绝缘件432脱离接触状态的可能性。示例性地，第二绝缘件424可以通过胶带或者粘接剂粘接于第一绝缘件432的外表面432b。
在一些示例中，第二绝缘件424抵压于第一绝缘件432的外表面432b的区域相对于极耳422更靠近端盖431，从而第二绝缘件424和第一绝缘件432的接触区域更加接近端盖431。在装配过程中，第一绝缘件432可以更快地与第二绝缘件424接触，使得第一绝缘件432在与隔离部423抵压之前就可以与第二绝缘件424接触，从而可以降低在装配过程中，可导电性杂物从未接触的第一绝缘件432和第二绝缘件424之间的间隙进入到极耳422处的可能性。
本申请实施例的电池单体40包括具有极耳422和隔离部423的电极组件42以及具有凹部432a的第一绝缘件432。隔离部423沿极耳422 的周侧设置。在电池单体40完成装配后，至少部分极耳422容纳于凹部432a内，而第一绝缘件432抵压于隔离部423，从而第一绝缘件432和隔离部423可以将极耳422和壳体41隔离开。这样，在电池单体40的使用过程中，当极耳422因释放自身蓄积的弹性回复力而发生变形，极耳422遇到第一绝缘件432和隔离部423时，极耳422会受到第一绝缘件432和隔离部423的限位约束，从而不容易与壳体41发生接触，降低极耳422和壳体41发生接触而导致电池单体40发生短路的可能性。
参见图19所示，基于上述实施例的电池单体40，本申请实施例还提供一种电池单体40的制造方法，包括：
将具有主体部421、极耳422以及隔离部423的电极组件42装入具有开口411的壳体41内，其中，极耳422从主体部421的端部421a朝开口411延伸，隔离部423设置于极耳422外周；
将具有端盖431和第一绝缘件432的端盖组件43与壳体41组装，通过端盖431覆盖开口411并连接壳体41，并且使第一绝缘件432位于端盖431靠近壳体41内部的一侧，其中，第一绝缘件432具有凹部432a，至少部分极耳422容纳于凹部432a内，第一绝缘件432与隔离部423抵压配合，以隔离极耳422与壳体41。
本申请实施例的电池单体40的制造方法制造的电池单体40，将具有主体部421、极耳422和隔离部423的电极组件42装入壳体41内，并且使得极耳422朝向壳体41的开口411。将端盖431和具有凹部432a的第一绝缘件432的端盖组件43与壳体41组装，并且使至少部分极耳422容纳于第一绝缘件432的凹部432a内，而使得第一绝缘件432抵压于隔离部423。通过第一绝缘件432和隔离部423可以将极耳422和壳体41隔离开的结构设计，可以在电池单体40的使用过程中，当极耳422因释放自身蓄积的弹性回复力而发生变形，极耳422遇到第一绝缘件432和隔离部423时，极耳422会受到第一绝缘件432和隔离部423的限位约束，从而极耳422不容易与壳体41发生接触，降低极耳422和壳体41发生接触而导致电池单体40发生短路的可能性。
参见图20所示，基于上述实施例的电池单体40，本申请实施例还 提供一种电池单体40的制造系统50，包括：
第一装配装置51，被配置为将具有主体部421、极耳422以及隔离部423的电极组件42装入具有开口411的壳体41内，其中，极耳422从主体部421的端部421a朝开口411延伸，隔离部423设置于极耳422外周；
第二装配装置52，被配置为将具有端盖431和第一绝缘件432的端盖组件43与壳体41组装，通过端盖431覆盖开口411并连接壳体41，并且使第一绝缘件432位于端盖431靠近壳体41内部的一侧，其中，第一绝缘件432具有凹部432a，至少部分极耳422容纳于凹部432a内，第一绝缘件432与隔离部423抵压配合，以隔离极耳422与壳体41。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种电池单体，包括：
    壳体，具有开口；
    电极组件，设置于所述壳体内，所述电极组件包括主体部、极耳以及隔离部，所述极耳从所述主体部的端部朝所述开口延伸，所述隔离部设置于所述极耳外周；
    端盖组件，用于封闭所述开口，所述端盖组件包括端盖以及第一绝缘件，所述端盖被配置为覆盖所述开口并连接于所述壳体，所述第一绝缘件设置于所述端盖靠近所述壳体内部的一侧，所述第一绝缘件具有凹部，至少部分所述极耳容纳于所述凹部内，所述第一绝缘件被配置为与所述隔离部抵压配合，以隔离所述极耳与所述壳体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一绝缘件包括相互连接的本体和延伸部，所述本体被配置为连接所述端盖，所述延伸部从所述本体上朝所述电极组件延伸凸出以形成所述凹部，所述延伸部设置于所述极耳外周，所述延伸部抵压所述隔离部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池单体，其中，所述延伸部位于所述隔离部靠近所述端盖的一侧，所述延伸部沿远离所述端盖的方向抵压所述隔离部。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电池单体，所述延伸部为连续延伸的闭环结构或者为具有缺口的环形结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述隔离部为环形。
  6. 根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述极耳包括台阶部，所述台阶部包括第一侧面、过渡面和第二侧面，所述第一侧面靠近所述主体部，所述过渡面连接所述第一侧面和所述第二侧面，所述过渡面朝向所述端盖，所述第一侧面的最小径向尺寸大于所述第二侧面的最大径向尺寸，所述凹部的至少部分内壁环绕所述第二侧面。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池单体，其中，所述延伸部环绕所述第二侧面，所述隔离部设置于所述过渡面。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片以及隔膜，所述第一极片和所述第二极片均具有涂覆区和未涂覆区，所述电极组件上与所述第一极片和所述第二极片的涂覆区相对应的部分为所述主体部，所述第一极片或所述第二极片的未涂覆区形成所述极耳，所述隔膜用于隔离所述第一极片和所述第二极片，所述隔离部为所述隔膜超出所述主体部并且位于所述极耳外周的一部分。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述隔离部为所述隔膜超出所述第一侧面并且位于所述第二侧面外周的一部分。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件还包括第二绝缘件，所述第二绝缘件环绕所述第一绝缘件与所述隔离部的抵压区域，以隔离所述抵压区域与所述壳体。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二绝缘件抵压于所述第一绝缘件朝向所述壳体的外表面并且与所述隔离部相接触。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其中，所述外表面具有导向斜面，沿远离所述端盖的方向，所述导向斜面朝向所述凹部倾斜。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二绝缘件粘接于所述外表面。
  14. 根据权利要求11至13任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二绝缘件抵压于所述外表面的区域相对于所述极耳更靠近所述端盖。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述端盖组件还包括转接片，所述转接片容纳于所述凹部内，所述转接片包括第一转接部，所述第一转接部被配置为连接所述极耳，所述第一绝缘件和所述电极组件挤压所述第一转接部。
  16. 一种电池，包括如权利要求1至15任一项所述的电池单体。
  17. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求1至15任一项所述的电池单体，所述电池单体用于提供电能。
  18. 一种电池单体的制造方法，包括：
    将具有主体部、极耳以及隔离部的电极组件装入具有开口的壳体内，其中，所述极耳从所述主体部的端部朝所述开口延伸，所述隔离部设置于所述极耳外周；
    将具有端盖和第一绝缘件的端盖组件与所述壳体组装，通过所述端盖覆盖所述开口并连接所述壳体，并且使所述第一绝缘件位于所述端盖靠近所述壳体内部的一侧，其中，所述第一绝缘件具有凹部，至少部分所述极耳容纳于所述凹部内，所述第一绝缘件与所述隔离部抵压配合，以隔离所述极耳与所述壳体。
  19. 一种电池单体的制造系统，包括：
    第一装配装置，被配置为将具有主体部、极耳以及隔离部的电极组件装入具有开口的壳体内，其中，所述极耳从所述主体部的端部朝所述开口延伸，所述隔离部设置于所述极耳外周；
    第二装配装置，被配置为将具有端盖和第一绝缘件的端盖组件与所述壳体组装，通过所述端盖覆盖所述开口并连接所述壳体，并且使所述第一绝缘件位于所述端盖靠近所述壳体内部的一侧，其中，所述第一绝缘件具有凹部，至少部分所述极耳容纳于所述凹部内，所述第一绝缘件与所述隔离部抵压配合，以隔离所述极耳与所述壳体。
PCT/CN2020/119692 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 电池单体、电池、用电装置、电池单体的制造方法及系统 WO2022067778A1 (zh)

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