WO2022063095A1 - 高镍合金材料及其制备方法和铸铁件 - Google Patents

高镍合金材料及其制备方法和铸铁件 Download PDF

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WO2022063095A1
WO2022063095A1 PCT/CN2021/119450 CN2021119450W WO2022063095A1 WO 2022063095 A1 WO2022063095 A1 WO 2022063095A1 CN 2021119450 W CN2021119450 W CN 2021119450W WO 2022063095 A1 WO2022063095 A1 WO 2022063095A1
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nickel alloy
alloy material
aging treatment
temperature
nickel
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PCT/CN2021/119450
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王鑫
雷晓宏
魏民
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北京通嘉宏瑞科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2022063095A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022063095A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/002—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with copper as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of nickel alloys, in particular to a high-nickel alloy material, a preparation method thereof, and a cast iron.
  • Iron castings have long been used by major vacuum pump manufacturers to manufacture the main components of vacuum pumps.
  • relatively corrosive gases that cause serious corrosion of stator and rotor components and relatively short lifespans, such as chlorine, Corrosive gases such as fluorine, silane, hydrogen bromide, chlorine trifluoride and sulfur hexafluoride, so in order to increase the corrosion resistance of components such as stators and rotors of vacuum pumps, it is necessary to have a more corrosion-resistant, high-temperature resistant sexual alloy material.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-nickel alloy material, a preparation method thereof and a cast iron, so as to solve the problems of poor corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance of alloy materials in the prior art.
  • a high-nickel alloy material in weight percentage, the high-nickel alloy material comprises: 64-70% Ni, 26-33% Cu, 0.4-7% % Fe, 0.5-3.15% Al, 0.2-0.8% Mn, 0.35-0.86% Ti, 0.01-0.06% C, 0.01-0.45% Si, 0.01-0.6% Ta and 0.5-0.8% of Pd and other unavoidable impurities.
  • the mass ratio of Ni to Cu is 2:1 to 5:2.
  • the above-mentioned high-nickel alloy material includes 66-70% Ni.
  • the above-mentioned high nickel alloy material includes 28-33% of Cu.
  • the above-mentioned high nickel alloy material includes: 64-70% Ni, 26-33% Cu, 0.6-7% Fe, 0.5-2.0% Al, 0.2-0.5% Mn, 0.35-0.5% Ti, 0.02-0.05% C, 0.05-0.45% Si, 0.01-0.3% Ta, 0.6-0.8% Pd and other unavoidable impurities.
  • a method for preparing the aforementioned high-nickel alloy material comprising: step S1, mixing the high-nickel alloy material according to the percentage of each element and smelting to obtain a billet; step S2, adding The billet is subjected to solid solution treatment to obtain a solid solution; and in step S3, the solid solution is subjected to multiple cooling and aging treatments to obtain a high-nickel alloy material.
  • the temperature of the above smelting is 1200-1850°C
  • the temperature of the solution treatment is preferably 1150-1200°C
  • the time of the solution treatment is preferably 2-4 hours.
  • the process of the above-mentioned multiple cooling and aging treatment includes: performing the first air cooling on the solid solution to obtain an air-cooled material; performing an artificial aging treatment on the material after an air-cooling to obtain an aging-treated material;
  • the post-material is air-cooled for a second time to obtain a post-air-cooled material;
  • the post-air-cooled material is subjected to a secondary artificial aging treatment to obtain a secondary-aged material;
  • the secondary air-cooled material is subjected to a third air-cooling
  • a high-nickel alloy material is obtained, wherein, the temperature of the first artificial aging treatment is preferably 800-830 ° C, the preferred time of the first artificial aging treatment is 20-30 h, the preferred temperature of the second artificial aging treatment is 680-720 ° C, and the preferred second artificial aging treatment temperature is 680-720 ° C.
  • the time of artificial aging treatment is 12-20h.
  • the above preparation method further includes: first air cooling after the solid solution is kept at a temperature of 1000-1050° C. for 4-8 hours.
  • a cast iron comprising the above-mentioned high-nickel alloy material, preferably the cast iron is used as a component of a vacuum pump.
  • the high-nickel alloy material of the present application since nickel has excellent acid and alkali resistance and is difficult to be oxidized in the air, according to the percentage content ratio of each element in the high-nickel alloy material of the present application, taking nickel as the matrix, adding a certain amount of It can significantly improve the acid and alkali corrosion resistance and stress corrosion resistance of the high-nickel alloy material.
  • the high-nickel alloy can be further strengthened. material, so that it has high strength, high temperature resistance (the coefficient of thermal expansion is significantly reduced) and corrosion resistance. This material is used for pumps, pipelines or other equipment raw materials with chemical process gases.
  • this material has excellent corrosion resistance in hydrofluoric acid and fluorine gas, and is also stable in seawater, atmosphere, concentrated lye medium and organic matter. It has excellent corrosion resistance, which can significantly increase the life of pumps, equipment and pipelines.
  • the pump running time of ordinary materials is generally 5,000 to 8,000 hours. After using this high-nickel alloy material, the pump running life will be long Increase to more than 20,000 to 50,000 hours.
  • the present invention provides a high nickel alloy material, a preparation method thereof, and a cast iron.
  • a high-nickel alloy material in weight percentage, includes: 64-70% Ni, 26-33% Cu, 0.4-7% % Fe, 0.5-3.15% Al, 0.2-0.8% Mn, 0.35-0.86% Ti, 0.01-0.06% C, 0.01-0.45% Si, 0.01-0.6% Ta and 0.5-0.8% of Pd and other unavoidable impurities.
  • nickel Since nickel has excellent acid and alkali resistance and is difficult to be oxidized in the air, according to the percentage content ratio of each element in the high-nickel alloy material of the present application, using nickel as the matrix and adding a certain amount of copper can significantly improve the The acid and alkali corrosion resistance and stress corrosion resistance of high-nickel alloy materials, combined with other metal elements such as aluminum, iron, titanium, and non-metallic elements such as C and Si, can further strengthen the high-nickel alloy material and make it have higher high strength, high temperature resistance (significantly reduced coefficient of thermal expansion) and corrosion resistance.
  • This material is used for pumps, pipelines or other equipment raw materials with chemical process gases.
  • this material has excellent corrosion resistance in hydrofluoric acid and fluorine gas, and is also stable in seawater, atmosphere, concentrated lye medium and organic matter. It has excellent corrosion resistance, which can significantly increase the life of pumps, equipment and pipelines.
  • the pump running time of ordinary materials is generally 5,000 to 8,000 hours. After using this high-nickel alloy material, the pump running life will be long Increase to more than 20,000 to 50,000 hours.
  • the mass ratio of Ni to Cu is 2:1 to 5:2.
  • the addition of copper to nickel will have a series of effects on various properties of nickel, especially corrosion resistance, mechanical properties and physical properties.
  • the addition of copper can improve the corrosion resistance of nickel in reducing media, while reducing the The corrosion resistance of nickel in oxidizing medium and its oxidizing ability in air are improved.
  • the addition of copper increases the strength, hardness and thermal conductivity of nickel.
  • the mass ratio of Ni to Cu is preferably within the above range.
  • the high-nickel alloy material includes 66-70% Ni by weight percentage.
  • Nickel is an approximately silver-white, hard, ductile and ferromagnetic metal element, which can be highly polished and resistant to corrosion.
  • nickel is used as the base material, and more preferably, Ni with a weight percent content of 66-70%.
  • the high-nickel alloy material includes 28-33% of Cu in terms of weight percentage.
  • the high-nickel alloy material of the present application uses nickel as the base material, in order to further improve the synergistic effect of other elements except nickel and nickel, thereby improving the performance of the high-nickel alloy material, in terms of weight percentage, the preferred high-nickel alloy material includes: 64-70% Ni, 26-33% Cu, 0.6-7% Fe, 0.5-2.0% Al, 0.2-0.5% Mn, 0.35-0.5% Ti, 0.02-0.05% C, 0.05 -0.45% Si, 0.01-0.3% Ta and 0.6-0.8% Pd and other unavoidable impurities.
  • a method for preparing the aforementioned high-nickel alloy material includes: step S1, mixing the high-nickel alloy material according to the percentage of each element and smelting to obtain a billet Step S2, the blank is subjected to solid solution treatment to obtain a solid solution; and step S3, the solid solution is subjected to multiple cooling and aging treatments to obtain a high-nickel alloy material.
  • the high-nickel alloy material is melted into a liquid according to the percentage of each element, and the billet is obtained after quenching and tempering.
  • the solid solution treatment helps to dissolve the carbide and ⁇ ' in the billet matrix to obtain a uniform supersaturated solid solution, which is convenient for re-precipitation during aging treatment.
  • Carbide and ⁇ ' and other strengthening phases with fine particle size and uniform distribution are used to obtain the highest strength and best corrosion resistance; meanwhile, the stress caused by cold and hot working is eliminated, and the alloy is recrystallized.
  • Solution treatment can obtain suitable grain size to ensure the high temperature creep resistance of the alloy.
  • Multiple cooling and aging treatment of the solid solution can further stabilize the properties of the alloy and the size of the parts, and obtain a high-nickel alloy material with controllable appearance and excellent corrosion resistance, temperature resistance and other properties.
  • the smelting temperature is 1200-1850°C, preferably the solution treatment temperature is 1150-1200°C, and the solution treatment time is preferably 2-4 hours.
  • the heating temperature can be determined according to the corresponding phase diagram of the alloy.
  • the upper limit temperature of heating is usually close to the solidus temperature or eutectic temperature. At such a high temperature, the alloy has the largest solid solubility and the diffusion rate is fast, but The temperature should not be too high, otherwise the low melting point eutectic and grain boundary phases will melt, causing overburning, causing quenching cracking and reducing the toughness of the alloy.
  • the lower limit heating temperature should be higher than the solid solubility curve, otherwise the performance after aging will not meet the requirements. In the present application, in order to balance the above two effects and obtain a uniform supersaturated solid solution, the above-mentioned solution treatment temperature and time are preferred.
  • the solute elements dissolved in the solid solution have no time to precipitate and form an unstable supersaturated solid solution.
  • the solid solution after the above-mentioned solution treatment has a supersaturation degree as large as possible, which is beneficial to the alloy obtained after aging to have higher strength and better corrosion resistance. Staged aging treatment, thereby helping to better strengthen the effect of aging treatment.
  • the process of the above-mentioned multiple cooling and aging treatment includes: first air cooling the solid solution to obtain a material after air cooling; Perform one artificial aging treatment to obtain the material after the first aging treatment; perform the second air cooling on the material after the first aging treatment to obtain the material after the second air cooling; perform the second artificial aging treatment on the material after the second air cooling to obtain the second aging treatment and the material after the secondary aging treatment is air-cooled for the third time to obtain a high-nickel alloy material, wherein, preferably the temperature of one artificial aging treatment is 800-830 ° C, and the preferred time of one artificial aging treatment is 20 ⁇ 30h, Preferably, the temperature of the secondary artificial aging treatment is 680 to 720° C., and the preferred time of the secondary artificial aging treatment is 12 to 20 h.
  • the effect of precipitation of the strengthening phase in the solid solution with the prolongation of standing time is called natural aging; when heated to a certain temperature, the precipitation process can be accelerated, and the precipitation phase different from natural aging can be obtained.
  • artificial aging treatment To improve its performance, it is artificial aging treatment.
  • the above artificial aging is more conducive to controlling the type, quantity and precipitation speed of the precipitation phase.
  • the above preparation method further includes: performing the first air cooling after the solid solution is kept at a temperature of 1000-1050° C. for 4-8 hours.
  • Solution treatment heats the alloy into the single-phase solid solution phase region, maintains it at an appropriate temperature for an appropriate time, which helps to fully dissolve the excess phase into the solid solution, and then rapidly cools to room temperature to obtain a supersaturated solid solution. Aging treatment to prepare for organization.
  • a cast iron is provided, and the cast iron includes the aforementioned high-nickel alloy material, and the cast iron is preferably used as a component of a vacuum pump.
  • the above-mentioned high nickel alloy material of the present application has high strength, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance.
  • this material as a raw material for iron castings such as pumps, pipes or other equipment for chemical process gases can significantly increase the life of pumps, equipment and pipes.
  • the operating time of pumps with ordinary materials is generally 5000-8000 hours .
  • the operating life of the pump will increase to more than 20,000 to 50,000 hours.
  • Using cast iron as a vacuum pump part can fully exert the excellent performance of the above-mentioned high-nickel alloy material of the present application, so that the prepared vacuum pump part has better performance.
  • the preparation of the cast iron of the present application can refer to the conventional preparation method of the cast iron in the prior art.
  • the application preferably adopts the following preparation method:
  • the first step use lathes, boring machines, machining centers, and blanks to complete rough machining, and then perform natural aging treatment to obtain rough machining materials;
  • Step 2 Use CNC lathes, machining centers, boring machines, and four-axis to semi-finish the roughing materials to obtain semi-finishing materials;
  • the third step use CNC lathes, machining centers, boring machines, four-axis, and precision grinders to finish the semi-finished materials to obtain the rotor for the vacuum pump.
  • the high nickel alloy material includes: 64% Ni, 26% Cu, 5% Fe, 2.5% Al, 0.5% Mn, 0.5% Ti, 0.04% C, 0.45% Si , 0.2% Ta and 0.8% Pd and other inevitable impurities.
  • the above-mentioned high-nickel alloy materials are mixed according to the percentage of each element and smelted at 1850° C. to obtain a billet; the billet is subjected to solid solution treatment at 1,200° C. for 2 hours to obtain a solid solution.
  • the solid solution was kept at a temperature of 1050 °C for 4 hours and then air-cooled for the first time to obtain the material after air cooling; the material after the first air cooling was subjected to an artificial aging treatment to obtain the material after the first aging treatment, and the temperature of the first artificial aging treatment was 830 ° C , the time of one artificial aging treatment is 20h; the material after the first aging treatment is subjected to the second air cooling to obtain the material after the second air cooling; the material after the second air cooling is subjected to the second artificial aging treatment to obtain the material after the second aging treatment,
  • the temperature of the secondary artificial aging treatment is 720°C, and the time of the secondary artificial aging treatment is 12 hours;
  • Example 2 The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that,
  • the high nickel alloy material includes: 65% Ni, 33% Cu, 0.4% Fe, 0.5% Al, 0.2% Mn, 0.35% Ti, 0.01% C, 0.01% Si , 0.01% Ta, 0.5% Pd and other unavoidable impurities, and finally a high nickel alloy material 2 is obtained.
  • Example 3 The difference between Example 3 and Example 2 is that,
  • the weight percent content of Ni is 70%, and the weight percent content of Cu is 28%, and finally a high-nickel alloy material 3 is obtained.
  • Example 4 The difference between Example 4 and Example 2 is that,
  • the weight percent content of Ni is 68%, and the weight percent content of Cu is 30%, and finally a high-nickel alloy material 4 is obtained.
  • the high nickel alloy material includes: 70% Ni, 26% Cu, 0.5% Fe, 0.6% Al, 0.5% Mn, 0.5% Ti, 0.45% C, 0.45% Si , 0.1% Ta, 0.8% Pd and other unavoidable impurities, and finally a high nickel alloy material 5 is obtained.
  • Example 6 The difference between Example 6 and Example 1 is that,
  • the high nickel alloy material includes: 64% Ni, 26% Cu, 3.28% Fe, 3.1% Al, 0.8% Mn, 0.86% Ti, 0.06% C, 0.45% Si , 0.6% Ta, 0.8% Pd and other unavoidable impurities, and finally a high nickel alloy material 6 is obtained.
  • Example 7 The difference between Example 7 and Example 1 is that,
  • the high nickel alloy material includes: 64% Ni, 26% Cu, 7% Fe, 1% Al, 0.5% Mn, 0.35% Ti, 0.03% C, 0.2% Si , 0.3% Ta, 0.6% Pd and other unavoidable impurities, and finally a high nickel alloy material 7 is obtained.
  • Example 8 The difference between Example 8 and Example 2 is that,
  • the weight percent content of Ni is 66%, and the weight percent content of Cu is 32%, and finally a high-nickel alloy material 8 is obtained.
  • the high nickel alloy material includes: 65% Ni, 30% Cu, 0.6% Fe, 2% Al, 0.3% Mn, 0.5% Ti, 0.05% C, 0.05% Si , 0.15% Ta, 0.8% Pd and other unavoidable impurities, and finally a high nickel alloy material 9 is obtained.
  • Example 10 The difference between Example 10 and Example 1 is that,
  • the solution treatment temperature is 1150°C, and the solution treatment time is 4 hours.
  • the solid solution is kept at a temperature of 1000°C for 8 hours and then air-cooled for the first time to finally obtain a high-nickel alloy material 10 .
  • Example 11 The difference between Example 11 and Example 1 is that,
  • the temperature of the solution treatment was 1100° C., and the solid solution was kept at a temperature of 900° C. and then air-cooled for the first time to finally obtain a high-nickel alloy material 11 .
  • Example 12 The difference between Example 12 and Example 1 is that,
  • the temperature of the smelting treatment was 1500° C., and the high-nickel alloy material 12 was finally obtained.
  • Example 13 The difference between Example 13 and Example 1 is that,
  • the temperature of the smelting treatment was 1850° C., and finally the high-nickel alloy material 13 was obtained.
  • Example 14 The difference between Example 14 and Example 1 is that,
  • the temperature of the smelting treatment was 1150° C., and finally the high-nickel alloy material 14 was obtained.
  • Example 15 The difference between Example 15 and Example 1 is that,
  • the temperature of one artificial aging treatment is 800° C., and finally the high-nickel alloy material 15 is obtained.
  • Example 16 The difference between Example 16 and Example 1 is that,
  • the temperature of one artificial aging treatment is 815°C, and finally the high-nickel alloy material 16 is obtained.
  • Example 17 The difference between Example 17 and Example 1 is that,
  • the temperature of one artificial aging treatment is 790°C, and finally the high-nickel alloy material 17 is obtained.
  • Example 18 The difference between Example 18 and Example 1 is that,
  • the time of one artificial aging treatment is 30h, and finally the high-nickel alloy material 18 is obtained.
  • Example 19 The difference between Example 19 and Example 1 is that,
  • the time of one artificial aging treatment is 25h, and finally the high-nickel alloy material 19 is obtained.
  • Example 20 The difference between Example 20 and Example 1 is that,
  • the time of one artificial aging treatment is 15h, and finally the high-nickel alloy material 20 is obtained.
  • Example 21 The difference between Example 21 and Example 1 is that,
  • the temperature of the secondary artificial aging treatment is 680° C., and finally the high-nickel alloy material 21 is obtained.
  • Example 22 The difference between Example 22 and Example 1 is that,
  • the temperature of the secondary artificial aging treatment is 700° C., and finally the high-nickel alloy material 22 is obtained.
  • Example 23 The difference between Example 23 and Example 1 is that,
  • the temperature of the secondary artificial aging treatment is 670° C., and finally the high-nickel alloy material 23 is obtained.
  • Example 24 The difference between Example 24 and Example 1 is that,
  • the time of the secondary artificial aging treatment is 12 hours, and finally the high-nickel alloy material 24 is obtained.
  • Example 25 The difference between Example 25 and Example 1 is that,
  • the time of the secondary artificial aging treatment is 16h, and finally the high-nickel alloy material 25 is obtained.
  • Example 26 The difference between Example 26 and Example 1 is that,
  • the time of the secondary artificial aging treatment is 10h, and finally the high-nickel alloy material 26 is obtained.
  • the high nickel alloy material includes: 55% Ni, 35% Cu, 5% Fe, 2.5% Al, 0.5% Mn, 0.5% Ti, 0.05% C, 0.45% Si , 0.2% Ta, 0.8% Pd and other unavoidable impurities, and finally a high nickel alloy material 27 is obtained.
  • common nickel alloy materials iron-chromium-nickel alloy materials
  • iron-chromium-nickel alloy materials include: 38% Ni, 4% Cu, 25% Fe, 2% Mn, 21% Cr, 3% Mo, 0.07% C, 1% Si, 1% Nb, 0.035% S, 0.045% P and other inevitable impurities.
  • the high-nickel alloy materials 1 to 27 and ordinary nickel alloy materials were processed into the rotors 1 to 28 of the vacuum pump (all thicknesses were 20mm), and the operation test was carried out after assembly. Run in the environment for 6000h, record the thickness of the rotor corroded; and test the linear expansion coefficients of high nickel alloy materials 1 to 27 and ordinary nickel alloy materials at temperatures of 140 ° C, 160 ° C, 180 ° C, and 200 ° C, respectively. The results are listed in Table 1.
  • This alloy has good corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, and is silver-white. Its structure is a high-strength single-phase solid solution.
  • nickel Since nickel has excellent acid and alkali resistance and is difficult to be oxidized in the air, according to the percentage content ratio of each element in the high-nickel alloy material of the present application, using nickel as the matrix and adding a certain amount of copper can significantly improve the The acid and alkali corrosion resistance and stress corrosion resistance of the high-nickel alloy material, combined with other metal elements such as aluminum, iron, titanium, and non-metallic elements such as C and Si, can further strengthen the high-nickel alloy material and make it have higher high strength, high temperature resistance (significantly reduced coefficient of thermal expansion) and corrosion resistance.
  • This material is used for pumps, pipelines or other equipment raw materials with chemical process gases.
  • this material has excellent corrosion resistance in hydrofluoric acid and fluorine gas, and at the same time in seawater, atmosphere, concentrated lye medium and organic matter. It has excellent corrosion resistance, which can significantly increase the life of pumps, equipment and pipelines.
  • the pump running time of ordinary materials is generally 5000 to 8000 hours. After using this high nickel alloy material, the pump running life will be shortened. Increase to more than 20,000 to 50,000 hours.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种高镍合金材料及其制备方法和铸铁件。以重量百分比计，该高镍合金材料包括64～70％的Ni、26～33％的Cu、0.4～7％的Fe、0.5～3.15％的Al、0.2～0.8％的Mn、0.35～0.86％的Ti、0.01～0.06％的C、0.01～0.45％的Si、0.01～0.6％的Ta以及0.5～0.8％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质。由于镍具有优良的耐酸碱性，将该材料用于有化学工艺气体的泵、管道或者其他设备原料，可以显著增加泵、设备和管道的寿命，如普通的材料的泵运行时间一般为5000～8000小时，在使用这种高镍合金材料后泵运行寿命会增至20000～50000小时以上。

Description

高镍合金材料及其制备方法和铸铁件
本申请基于申请号为202011010234.6、申请日为2020年09月23日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及镍合金技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种高镍合金材料及其制备方法和铸铁件。
背景技术
用于在腐蚀环境如有化学工艺气体的泵，它的主要零部件有定子、转子和轴，这些零部件都会和泵内部的化学工艺气体接触。这种情况下，这些主要零部件大多都采用耐腐蚀和价格相对便宜的球墨铸铁制成或者将耐腐蚀的硬质材料涂敷零部件的局部表面，以使零部件局部表面具有耐腐蚀性，但是由于泵体温度和转速均较高，使得这些涂层物易掉落，从而导致泵设备出现故障情况。
铸铁件长期以来都被各大真空泵厂家用于制造真空泵的主要零部件，然而在半导体行业会有越来越多的相对腐蚀性的气体导致定转子部件腐蚀严重从而寿命相对较短，例如氯、氟、硅烷、溴化氢、三氟化氯和六氟化硫等腐蚀性气体，因此为了增加类似真空泵的定子、转子等部件的耐腐蚀性，就需要一种更具耐腐蚀性、耐高温性的合金材料。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种高镍合金材料及其制备方法和铸铁件，以解决现有技术中合金材料的耐腐蚀性、耐高温性较差的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种高镍合金材料，以重量百分比计，该高镍合金材料包括：64～70％的Ni、26～33％的Cu、0.4～7％的Fe、0.5～3.15％的Al、0.2～0.8％的Mn、0.35～0.86％的Ti、0.01～0.06％的C、0.01～0.45％的Si、0.01～0.6％的Ta以及0.5～0.8％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质。
进一步地，Ni与Cu的质量比为2:1～5:2。
进一步地，以重量百分比计，上述高镍合金材料包括66～70％的Ni。
进一步地，以重量百分比计，上述高镍合金材料包括28～33％的Cu。
进一步地，以重量百分比计，上述高镍合金材料包括：64～70％的Ni、26～33％的Cu、0.6～7％的Fe、0.5～2.0％的Al、0.2～0.5％的Mn、0.35～0.5％的Ti、0.02～0.05％的C、0.05～0.45％的Si、0.01～0.3％的Ta以及0.6～0.8％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种前述高镍合金材料的制备方法，该制备方法包括：步骤S1，将高镍合金材料按照各元素百分比混合并进行熔炼，得到坯料；步骤S2，将坯料进行固溶处理，得到固溶体；以及步骤S3，将固溶体进行多次冷却和时效处理，得到高镍合金材料。
进一步地，上述熔炼的温度为1200～1850℃，优选固溶处理的温度为1150～1200℃，优选固溶处理的时间为2～4h。
进一步地，上述多次冷却和时效处理的过程包括：将固溶体进行第一次空冷，得到一次空冷后材料；将一次空冷后材料进行一次人工时效处理，得到一次时效处理后材料；将一次时效处理后材料进行第二次空冷，得到二次空冷后材料；将二次空冷后材料进行二次人工时效处理，得到二次时效处理后材料；以及将二次时效处理后材料进行第三次空冷，得到高镍合金材料，其中，优选一次人工时效处理的温度为800～830℃，优选一次人工时效处理的时间为20～30h，优选二次人工时效处理的温度为680～720℃，优选二次人工时效处理的时间为12～20h。
进一步地，上述制备方法还包括：将固溶体在1000～1050℃的温度下保温4～8h后进行第一次空冷。
根据本发明的又一方面，提供了一种铸铁件，该铸铁件包括上述高镍合金材料，优选将铸铁件作为真空泵的零部件。
应用本发明的技术方案，由于镍具有优良的耐酸碱性，且在空气中难以被氧化，按照本申请的高镍合金材料中各元素的百分含量比例，以镍为基体，加入一定量的铜，可以显著提高该高镍合金材料的耐酸碱腐蚀和耐应力腐蚀性，再配合其余铝、铁、钛等金属元素以及C、Si等非金属元素，可进一步地强化该 高镍合金材料，使其具有较高的强度、耐高温(热膨胀系数显著地降低)和耐腐蚀性。将该材料用于有化学工艺气体的泵、管道或者其他设备原料，如该材料在氢氟酸、氟气中具有优良的耐蚀性，同时在海水、大气、浓碱液介质以及有机物中均具有优良的耐蚀性，从而可以显著增加泵、设备和管道的寿命，如一般情况，普通的材料的泵运行时间一般为5000～8000小时，在使用这种高镍合金材料后泵运行寿命会增至20000～50000小时以上。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
如背景技术所分析的，现有技术中存在合金材料的耐腐蚀性、耐高温性较差的问题，为解决该问题，本发明提供了一种高镍合金材料及其制备方法和铸铁件。
在本申请的一种典型的实施方式中，提供了一种高镍合金材料，以重量百分比计，该高镍合金材料包括：64～70％的Ni、26～33％的Cu、0.4～7％的Fe、0.5～3.15％的Al、0.2～0.8％的Mn、0.35～0.86％的Ti、0.01～0.06％的C、0.01～0.45％的Si、0.01～0.6％的Ta以及0.5～0.8％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质。
由于镍具有优良的耐酸碱性，且在空气中难以被氧化，按照本申请的高镍合金材料中各元素的百分含量比例，以镍为基体，加入一定量的铜，可以显著提高该高镍合金材料的耐酸碱腐蚀和耐应力腐蚀性，再配合其余铝、铁、钛等金属元素以及C、Si等非金属元素，可进一步地强化该高镍合金材料，使其具有较高的强度、耐高温(热膨胀系数显著地降低)和耐腐蚀性。将该材料用于有化学工艺气体的泵、管道或者其他设备原料，如该材料在氢氟酸、氟气中具有优良的耐蚀性，同时在海水、大气、浓碱液介质以及有机物中均具有优良的耐蚀性，从而可以显著增加泵、设备和管道的寿命，如一般情况，普通的材料的泵运行时间一般为5000～8000小时，在使用这种高镍合金材料后泵运行寿命会增至20000～50000小时以上。
在本申请的一种实施例中，上述Ni与Cu的质量比为2:1～5:2。
在镍中加入铜，会对镍的各种性能，特别是耐蚀性能、力学性能和物理性能产生一系列的影响，一般铜的加入能够提高镍在还原性介质中的耐蚀性，而 降低镍在氧化性介质中的耐蚀性以及提高其在空气中的氧化性，此外，铜的加入使镍的强度增加、硬度提高、导热系数增加，本申请为了提高铜和镍的协同作用，从而得到性能优良的高镍合金材料，优选Ni与Cu的质量比在上述范围内。
在本申请的一种实施例中，以重量百分比计，高镍合金材料包括66～70％的Ni。
镍为近似银白色、硬而有延展性以及铁磁性的金属元素，其可被高磨光和抗腐蚀，本申请为了得到具有耐腐蚀性且具有较高强度和耐高温的高镍合金材料，优选以镍为基材，进一步地优选重量百分含量为66～70％的Ni。
为提高镍与铜的协同作用，以重量百分比计，优选高镍合金材料包括28～33％的Cu。
本申请的高镍合金材料以镍为基材，为进一步提高除镍之外的其它元素与镍的协同作用，从而提高高镍合金材料的性能，以重量百分比计，优选高镍合金材料包括：64～70％的Ni、26～33％的Cu、0.6～7％的Fe、0.5～2.0％的Al、0.2～0.5％的Mn、0.35～0.5％的Ti、0.02～0.05％的C、0.05～0.45％的Si、0.01～0.3％的Ta以及0.6～0.8％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质。
在本申请的另一种典型的实施方式中，提供了一种前述高镍合金材料的制备方法，该制备方法包括：步骤S1，将高镍合金材料按照各元素百分比混合并进行熔炼，得到坯料；步骤S2，将坯料进行固溶处理，得到固溶体；以及步骤S3，将固溶体进行多次冷却和时效处理，得到高镍合金材料。
将高镍合金材料按照各元素百分比熔化为液体并调质后得到坯料，固溶处理有助于溶解坯料基体内碳化物、γ’相等以得到均匀的过饱和固溶体，从而便于时效处理时重新析出颗粒细小、分布均匀的碳化物和γ’等强化相，以获得最高的强度和最好的耐蚀性；同时消除由于冷热加工产生的应力，使合金发生再结晶。固溶处理可以获得适宜的晶粒度以保证合金高温抗蠕变性能。对固溶体进行多次冷却和时效处理可以进一步地稳定合金的性能及零件尺寸，得到外观可控且耐蚀性、耐温性等性能优良的高镍合金材料。
在本申请的一种实施例中，上述熔炼的温度为1200～1850℃，优选固溶处理的温度为1150～1200℃，优选固溶处理的时间为2～4h。
对坯料进行固溶处理时，对加热温度进行严格控制有利于使溶质原子能最大限度地固溶到固溶体中，同时又不致使合金发生熔化。且加热温度原则上可根据合金相应的相图来确定，加热的上限温度通常接近于固相线温度或共晶温度，在这样高的温度下合金具有最大的固溶度且扩散速度快，但温度不能过高，否则将导致低熔点共晶和晶界相熔化，使其产生过烧现象，引起淬火开裂并降低合金的韧性。下限加热温度应高于固溶度曲线，否则时效后性能达不到要求。本申请为使上述两个作用达到平衡，从而得到均匀的过饱和固溶体，优选为上述的固溶处理温度和时间。
合金经固溶处理后因溶解在固溶体中的溶质元素来不及沉淀析出，形成不稳定过饱和固溶体。经过上述固溶处理后的固溶体具有尽可能大的过饱和度，从而有利于时效后获得的合金具有更高的强度和更好的耐蚀性，同时为了稳定铸件尺寸，优选采用分段冷却和分段时效处理，从而有助于更好的强化时效处理效果，进一步地优选上述多次冷却和时效处理的过程包括：将固溶体进行第一次空冷，得到一次空冷后材料；将一次空冷后材料进行一次人工时效处理，得到一次时效处理后材料；将一次时效处理后材料进行第二次空冷，得到二次空冷后材料；将二次空冷后材料进行二次人工时效处理，得到二次时效处理后材料；以及将二次时效处理后材料进行第三次空冷，得到高镍合金材料，其中，优选一次人工时效处理的温度为800～830℃，优选一次人工时效处理的时间为20～30h，优选二次人工时效处理的温度为680～720℃，优选二次人工时效处理的时间为12～20h。在室温下，固溶体中强化相随放置时间延长而沉淀析出的效应称自然时效；当加热至一定温度保温时，可加速其沉淀析出过程，得到不同于自然时效的沉淀析出相，使合金强韧化，改善其使用性能，即为人工时效处理。上述的人工时效更有利于对沉淀析出相类型、数量和析出速度等进行控制。
在本申请的一种实施例中，上述制备方法还包括：将固溶体在1000～1050℃的温度下保温4～8h后进行第一次空冷。
固溶处理将合金加热到单相固溶体相区内，在适当的温度保持适当的时间，有助于使过剩相充分溶解到固溶体中，随后迅速冷却到室温以获得过饱和固溶体，该处理后为时效处理做组织准备。
在本申请的又一种典型的实施方式中，提供了一种铸铁件，该铸铁件包括前 述高镍合金材料，优选将铸铁件作为真空泵的零部件。
本申请的上述高镍合金材料具有较高的强度、耐高温和耐腐蚀性。将该材料用作铸铁件如有化学工艺气体的泵、管道或者其他设备的原料，可以显著增加泵、设备和管道的寿命，如一般情况，普通的材料的泵运行时间一般为5000～8000小时，在使用这种高镍合金材料后泵运行寿命会增至20000～50000小时以上。将铸铁件作为真空泵的零部件，可充分的发挥本申请的上述高镍合金材料的优良性能，使制得的真空泵的零部件具有更好的性能。本申请的铸铁件的制备可以参考现有技术中常规的铸铁件制备方法，本申请为提高真空泵关键零部件的加工效率，如真空泵用转子的制备方法，优选采用下述制备方法：
第一步：使用车床、镗床、加工中心、毛坯完成粗加工，随后进行自然时效处理，得到粗加工材料；
第二步：使用数控车床、加工中心、镗床、四轴对粗加工材料进行半精加工，得到半精加工材料；
第三步：使用数控车床、加工中心、镗床、四轴、精密磨床对半精加工材料进行精加工，得到真空泵用转子。
以下将结合具体实施例和对比例，对本申请的有益效果进行说明。
实施例1
以重量百分比计，高镍合金材料包括：64％的Ni、26％的Cu、5％的Fe、2.5％的Al、0.5％的Mn、0.5％的Ti、0.04％的C、0.45％的Si、0.2％的Ta以及0.8％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质。
将上述高镍合金材料按照各元素百分比混合并在1850℃下进行熔炼，得到坯料；将坯料在1200℃下进行2h的固溶处理，得到固溶体。将固溶体在1050℃的温度下保温4h后进行第一次空冷，得到一次空冷后材料；将一次空冷后材料进行一次人工时效处理，得到一次时效处理后材料，一次人工时效处理的温度为830℃，一次人工时效处理的时间为20h；将一次时效处理后材料进行第二次空冷，得到二次空冷后材料；将二次空冷后材料进行二次人工时效处理，得到二次时效处理后材料，二次人工时效处理的温度为720℃，二次人工时效处理的时间为12h；将二次时效处理后材料进行第三次空冷，得到高镍合金材料1。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1的区别在于，
以重量百分比计，高镍合金材料包括：65％的Ni、33％的Cu、0.4％的Fe、0.5％的Al、0.2％的Mn、0.35％的Ti、0.01％的C、0.01％的Si、0.01％的Ta以及0.5％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质，最终得到高镍合金材料2。
实施例3
实施例3与实施例2的区别在于，
Ni的重量百分含量为70％，Cu的重量百分含量为28％，最终得到高镍合金材料3。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例2的区别在于，
Ni的重量百分含量为68％，Cu的重量百分含量为30％，最终得到高镍合金材料4。
实施例5
以重量百分比计，高镍合金材料包括：70％的Ni、26％的Cu、0.5％的Fe、0.6％的Al、0.5％的Mn、0.5％的Ti、0.45％的C、0.45％的Si、0.1％的Ta以及0.8％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质，最终得到高镍合金材料5。
实施例6
实施例6与实施例1的区别在于，
以重量百分比计，高镍合金材料包括：64％的Ni、26％的Cu、3.28％的Fe、3.1％的Al、0.8％的Mn、0.86％的Ti、0.06％的C、0.45％的Si、0.6％的Ta以及0.8％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质，最终得到高镍合金材料6。
实施例7
实施例7与实施例1的区别在于，
以重量百分比计，高镍合金材料包括：64％的Ni、26％的Cu、7％的Fe、1％的Al、0.5％的Mn、0.35％的Ti、0.03％的C、0.2％的Si、0.3％的Ta以及0.6％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质，最终得到高镍合金材料7。
实施例8
实施例8与实施例2的区别在于，
Ni的重量百分含量为66％，Cu的重量百分含量为32％，最终得到高镍合金材 料8。
实施例9
以重量百分比计，高镍合金材料包括：65％的Ni、30％的Cu、0.6％的Fe、2％的Al、0.3％的Mn、0.5％的Ti、0.05％的C、0.05％的Si、0.15％的Ta以及0.8％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质，最终得到高镍合金材料9。
实施例10
实施例10与实施例1的区别在于，
固溶处理的温度为1150℃，固溶处理的时间为4h，将固溶体在1000℃的温度下保温8h后进行第一次空冷，最终得到高镍合金材料10。
实施例11
实施例11与实施例1的区别在于，
固溶处理的温度为1100℃，将固溶体在900℃的温度下保温后进行第一次空冷，最终得到高镍合金材料11。
实施例12
实施例12与实施例1的区别在于，
熔炼处理的温度为1500℃，最终得到高镍合金材料12。
实施例13
实施例13与实施例1的区别在于，
熔炼处理的温度为1850℃，最终得到高镍合金材料13。
实施例14
实施例14与实施例1的区别在于，
熔炼处理的温度为1150℃，最终得到高镍合金材料14。
实施例15
实施例15与实施例1的区别在于，
一次人工时效处理的温度为800℃，最终得到高镍合金材料15。
实施例16
实施例16与实施例1的区别在于，
一次人工时效处理的温度为815℃，最终得到高镍合金材料16。
实施例17
实施例17与实施例1的区别在于，
一次人工时效处理的温度为790℃，最终得到高镍合金材料17。
实施例18
实施例18与实施例1的区别在于，
一次人工时效处理的时间为30h，最终得到高镍合金材料18。
实施例19
实施例19与实施例1的区别在于，
一次人工时效处理的时间为25h，最终得到高镍合金材料19。
实施例20
实施例20与实施例1的区别在于，
一次人工时效处理的时间为15h，最终得到高镍合金材料20。
实施例21
实施例21与实施例1的区别在于，
二次人工时效处理的温度为680℃，最终得到高镍合金材料21。
实施例22
实施例22与实施例1的区别在于，
二次人工时效处理的温度为700℃，最终得到高镍合金材料22。
实施例23
实施例23与实施例1的区别在于，
二次人工时效处理的温度为670℃，最终得到高镍合金材料23。
实施例24
实施例24与实施例1的区别在于，
二次人工时效处理的时间为12h，最终得到高镍合金材料24。
实施例25
实施例25与实施例1的区别在于，
二次人工时效处理的时间为16h，最终得到高镍合金材料25。
实施例26
实施例26与实施例1的区别在于，
二次人工时效处理的时间为10h，最终得到高镍合金材料26。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于，
以重量百分比计，高镍合金材料包括：55％的Ni、35％的Cu、5％的Fe、2.5％的Al、0.5％的Mn、0.5％的Ti、0.05％的C、0.45％的Si、0.2％的Ta以及0.8％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质，最终得到高镍合金材料27。
对比例2
以重量百分比计，普通镍合金材料(铁铬镍合金材料)包括：38％的Ni、4％的Cu、25％的Fe、2％的Mn、21％的Cr、3％的Mo、0.07％的C、1％的Si、1％的Nb、0.035％的S、0.045％的P以及其它不可避免的杂质。
将工业纯铁、金属铬和金属镍粉放入中频感应炉中进行一次熔炼后进行排渣，在除渣后的钢水中加入镍粉粉体进行二次熔炼，将二次熔炼后得到的熔液浇铸成铁铬镍合金锭。将铁铬镍合金锭包埋在镍粉粉体中并放入到真空感应炉中进行第三次熔炼40～60min后将三次熔炼后得到的熔液迅速冷却至1200～1300℃，并在此温度下烧结30～40min，冷却后得到铁铬镍合金材料。
将高镍合金材料1至27、普通镍合金材料分别加工为真空泵的转子1至28(厚度均为20mm)，装配后进行运转测试，在包括SiH 4、PH 3、NH 3、NF 3的腐蚀环境下运行6000h，记录转子被腐蚀的厚度；并在140℃、160℃、180℃、200℃的温度下分别测试高镍合金材料1至27、普通镍合金材料的线性膨胀系数，并将测试结果列于表1。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021119450-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021119450-appb-000002
此镍合金明显比普通镍合金热膨胀系数小很多，在真空泵运行状态下，变形量更小，不会造成变形卡泵的结果。
这种合金耐腐蚀性好，耐高温性好，呈银白色，它的组织为高强度的单相固溶体。
从以上的描述中，可以看出，本发明上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果：
由于镍具有优良的耐酸碱性，且在空气中难以被氧化，按照本申请的高镍合金材料中各元素的百分含量比例，以镍为基体，加入一定量的铜，可以显著提高该高镍合金材料的耐酸碱腐蚀和耐应力腐蚀性，再配合其余铝、铁、钛等金属元素以及C、Si等非金属元素，可进一步地强化该高镍合金材料，使其具有较高的强度、耐高温(热膨胀系数显著地降低)和耐腐蚀性。将该材料用于有化学工 艺气体的泵、管道或者其他设备原料，如该材料在氢氟酸、氟气中具有优良的耐蚀性，同时在海水、大气、浓碱液介质以及有机物中均具有优良的耐蚀性，从而可以显著增加泵、设备和管道的寿命，如一般情况，普通的材料的泵运行时间一般为5000～8000小时，在使用这种高镍合金材料后泵运行寿命会增至20000～50000小时以上。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种高镍合金材料，其特征在于，以重量百分比计，所述高镍合金材料包括：64～70％的Ni、26～33％的Cu、0.4～7％的Fe、0.5～3.15％的Al、0.2～0.8％的Mn、0.35～0.86％的Ti、0.01～0.06％的C、0.01～0.45％的Si、0.01～0.6％的Ta以及0.5～0.8％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高镍合金材料，其特征在于，Ni与Cu的质量比为2:1～5:2。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的高镍合金材料，其特征在于，以重量百分比计，所述高镍合金材料包括66～70％的所述Ni。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的高镍合金材料，其特征在于，以重量百分比计，所述高镍合金材料包括28～33％的所述Cu。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的高镍合金材料，其特征在于，以重量百分比计，所述高镍合金材料包括：64～70％的Ni、26～33％的Cu、0.6～7％的Fe、0.5～2.0％的Al、0.2～0.5％的Mn、0.35～0.5％的Ti、0.02～0.05％的C、0.05～0.45％的Si、0.01～0.3％的Ta以及0.6～0.8％的Pd以及其它不可避免的杂质。
  6. 一种权利要求1至5中任一项所述高镍合金材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：
    步骤S1，将所述高镍合金材料按照各元素百分比混合并进行熔炼，得到坯料；
    步骤S2，将所述坯料进行固溶处理，得到固溶体；以及
    步骤S3，将所述固溶体进行多次冷却和时效处理，得到所述高镍合金材料。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述熔炼的温度为1200～1850℃，优选所述固溶处理的温度为1150～1200℃，优选所述固溶处理的时间为2～4h。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述多次冷却和时效处理的过程包括：
    将所述固溶体进行第一次空冷，得到一次空冷后材料；
    将所述一次空冷后材料进行一次人工时效处理，得到一次时效处理后材料；
    将所述一次时效处理后材料进行第二次空冷，得到二次空冷后材料；
    将所述二次空冷后材料进行二次人工时效处理，得到二次时效处理后材料；以及
    将所述二次时效处理后材料进行第三次空冷，得到所述高镍合金材料，
    其中，优选所述一次人工时效处理的温度为800～830℃，优选所述一次人工时效处理的时间为20～30h，优选所述二次人工时效处理的温度为680～720℃，优选所述二次人工时效处理的时间为12～20h。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法还包括：
    将所述固溶体在1000～1050℃的温度下保温4～8h后进行所述第一次空冷。
  10. 一种铸铁件，其特征在于，所述铸铁件包括权利要求1至5中任一项所述高镍合金材料，优选将所述铸铁件作为真空泵的零部件。
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