WO2022062813A1 - 一种发声装置的振膜及其制备方法、发声装置 - Google Patents

一种发声装置的振膜及其制备方法、发声装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022062813A1
WO2022062813A1 PCT/CN2021/114461 CN2021114461W WO2022062813A1 WO 2022062813 A1 WO2022062813 A1 WO 2022062813A1 CN 2021114461 W CN2021114461 W CN 2021114461W WO 2022062813 A1 WO2022062813 A1 WO 2022062813A1
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Prior art keywords
diaphragm
layer
modifier
membrane
vibrating membrane
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PCT/CN2021/114461
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English (en)
French (fr)
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惠冰
王述强
凌风光
李春
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歌尔股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022062813A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022062813A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B25/08—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/20—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising silicone rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H04R31/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor for diaphragms or their outer suspension
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/025—Diaphragms comprising polymeric materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of acoustic devices, and in particular, the present invention relates to a diaphragm of a sound-generating device, a preparation method thereof, and a sound-generating device.
  • the diaphragm is a very important component, and its material and process directly affect the acoustic effect of the sound-generating device.
  • the diaphragm made of silicone rubber has also been applied in the field of sound devices.
  • the inventor of the present application found that the existing silicone rubber diaphragm has at least the following technical problems: the modulus or hardness of the silicone rubber diaphragm is relatively low, and on the premise of meeting the same F0 requirements It has poor damping performance and high distortion, which cannot meet the requirements of the product for listening performance.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a vibrating membrane of a sound-generating device, a preparation method thereof, and a sound-generating device, which aim to solve the technical problem of poor damping performance of the silicone rubber vibration membrane in the prior art.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a vibrating membrane of a sound-generating device, the vibrating membrane includes at least one modified membrane layer, and the modified membrane layer is formed by blending and modifying a silicone rubber and a modifier.
  • the modifier is at least one of butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, butadiene-styrene copolymer, polysulfide rubber, polyurethane rubber, and polybutadiene .
  • the silicone rubber is liquid silicone rubber
  • the modifier is a liquid modifier
  • the content of the silicone rubber is 40-98% of the total mass of the polymer blend, and the content of the modifier is 2-60% of the total mass of the polymer blend.
  • the loss factor of the modified film layer at room temperature is greater than 0.1.
  • the loss factor of the modified film layer at room temperature is greater than 0.12.
  • the elastic recovery rate of the modified film layer after 10% strain is greater than or equal to 80%.
  • the tensile strength of the modified film layer is 2-45 MPa, and the tear strength of the modified film layer is 15-100 N/mm.
  • the density of the modified film layer is 0.95-1.40 g/cm 3 .
  • the hardness of the modified film layer is 35-80 A, and the room temperature storage modulus of the modified film layer is 0.5-35 MPa.
  • the vibrating membrane is a single-layer vibrating membrane, and the single-layer vibrating membrane is composed of a modified membrane layer; or, the vibrating membrane is a composite vibrating membrane, and the composite vibrating membrane layer, four-layer or five-layer membrane layer, the composite diaphragm includes at least one modified membrane layer.
  • the diaphragm is a composite diaphragm, and the composite diaphragm further includes at least one of a thermoplastic elastomer layer and an engineering plastic layer.
  • the material of the thermoplastic elastomer layer is selected from polyester thermoplastic elastomer, polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide thermoplastic elastomer, polystyrene thermoplastic elastomer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, silicone At least one of thermoplastic elastomers;
  • the material of the engineering plastic layer is polyamide, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyarylsulfone , at least one of polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyphenylate, polyaryletherketone, and polyetheretherketone.
  • a method for preparing a vibrating film of a sounding device comprising the steps of:
  • the polymer blend is cross-linked to form a diaphragm.
  • a sound generating device comprising the above-mentioned diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm provided by the invention is made of a blended polymer formed by blending and modification of silicone rubber and a modifier, and the modifier is butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, butadiene-styrene copolymer, polystyrene At least one of sulfur rubber, polyurethane rubber, and polybutadiene can increase the intermolecular force and/or steric hindrance of silicone rubber, so that the diaphragm has excellent damping performance, and the sound device is consistent during the vibration process Excellent performance, excellent anti-polarization ability, low distortion performance, and higher sound quality.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the effect of the density of different modified membrane layers on the mid-frequency performance of the diaphragm Fr;
  • Fig. 2 is the test curve of the vibration displacement of the different parts of the vibrating membrane of the embodiment 1 of the present invention under different frequencies;
  • Fig. 3 is the test curve of the vibration displacement of the different parts of the vibrating membrane of the comparative example 1 of the present invention under different frequencies;
  • FIG. 4 is a total harmonic distortion test curve of the diaphragm of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
  • the raw materials and equipment used in the present invention are the common raw materials and equipment in the art; the methods used in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are the conventional methods in the art.
  • compositions and methods/processes of the present invention comprise, consist of, and consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations described herein and any additional or optional ingredients, components, steps or limitations described herein.
  • the silicone rubber diaphragm in the prior art has the technical problems of poor damping performance and high distortion, which cannot meet the requirements of the product on the listening performance.
  • the present invention provides a vibrating film of a sounding device, a preparation method thereof, and a sounding device.
  • a vibrating membrane of a sound-emitting device includes at least one modified membrane layer, and the modified membrane layer is a blended polymer formed by blending and modifying a silicone rubber and a modifier.
  • the modified agent is at least one of butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, butadiene-styrene copolymer, polysulfide rubber, polyurethane rubber, and polybutadiene.
  • the silicone rubber and the modifier are blended and modified creatively, and the modifier adopts butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, butadiene-styrene copolymer, polysulfide rubber, polyurethane rubber, polystyrene At least one of butadiene can increase the intermolecular force and/or steric hindrance of silicone rubber, the prepared diaphragm has excellent damping performance, the sound-emitting device has excellent consistency during vibration, and is anti-polarization Excellent capability, lower distortion, and higher sound quality.
  • the blending modification refers to adding the modifier to the silicone rubber and mixing it uniformly.
  • the silicone rubber is liquid silicone rubber.
  • the modifier is a liquid modifier.
  • the modifier is at least one of liquid butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, liquid butadiene-styrene copolymer, liquid polysulfide rubber, liquid polyurethane rubber, and liquid polybutadiene.
  • the present invention does not have any special limitation on the ratio of each substance, and can be mixed in any ratio.
  • the content of the silicone rubber is 40% to 98% of the total mass of the blended polymer, such as 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 98% and between them any value of .
  • the content of the modifier is 2-60% of the total mass of the polymer blend, such as 2%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% , 35%, 40%, 50%, 60% and any value in between.
  • the inventor found through research that the content of the modifier has an important influence on the damping performance and elasticity of the diaphragm, if the content of the modifier is less than 2% of the total mass of the blended polymer, the silicone rubber In the cross-linked network, an effective inter-transmission network cannot be formed, and the effect of improving damping cannot be achieved; if the content of the modifier is greater than 60% of the total mass of the blend polymer, the diaphragm has higher damping, However, its resilience becomes poor, and during long-term use, the diaphragm is prone to collapse, resulting in poor sound of the module.
  • the content of the modifier is controlled to be 2-60% of the total mass of the blended polymer, which can take into account the damping performance and elasticity of the diaphragm, and ensure the excellent elasticity and damping performance of the diaphragm.
  • the loss factor of the modified film layer at room temperature is greater than 0.1, and more preferably, the loss factor of the modified film layer at room temperature is greater than 0.12.
  • the loss factor can characterize the damping of the material.
  • the loss factor of the commonly used silicone rubber film layer at room temperature is generally less than 0.1, and the damping is small.
  • the silicone rubber and the modifier are blended and modified, and the modifier adopts butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, butadiene-styrene copolymer, polysulfide rubber, polyurethane rubber, polybutadiene
  • At least one of the alkenes the formed polymer blend is in a high elastic state at room temperature, the molecular chain is easy to move, the intermolecular friction is large, and the loss factor of the modified film layer at room temperature is greater than 0.1, which indicates that The diaphragm has excellent damping performance, the vibration system has a strong ability to suppress the polarization phenomenon during the vibration process, and the vibration consistency is good.
  • the elastic recovery rate of the modified film layer after 10% strain is greater than or equal to 80%. Due to the good resilience of the diaphragm, the generating device has better transient response and lower distortion.
  • the tensile strength of the modified film layer is 2-45 MPa, and the tear strength of the modified film layer is 15-100 N/mm.
  • the modified film layer can have suitable mechanical properties, and the diaphragm is not prone to reliability problems such as film rupture during the use of the module.
  • the density of the modified film layer is 0.95-1.40 g/cm 3 .
  • the density of the modified film layer is less than 0.95g/cm 3 , the mechanical properties of the prepared diaphragm are poor, and reliability problems such as collapse and film rupture are likely to occur;
  • the density of the modified film layer is greater than 1.40g/cm 3 , The quality of the prepared diaphragm is much higher than that of the common conventional diaphragm under the same thickness, resulting in low Fr mid-frequency performance.
  • the hardness of the modified film layer is 35-80A, and the room temperature storage modulus of the modified film layer is 0.5-35MPa.
  • the F0 of the sounding device is proportional to the Young's modulus and thickness.
  • the change of F0 can be realized by changing the thickness and Young's modulus of the diaphragm of the sounding device.
  • the specific adjustment principle is as follows:
  • Mms is the equivalent vibration mass of the sounding device
  • Cms is the equivalent compliance of the sounding device
  • Cms1 is the elastic wave compliance
  • Cms2 is the diaphragm compliance
  • the equivalent compliance of the sounding device is the diaphragm compliance:
  • W is the total width of the ring part of the diaphragm
  • t is the thickness of the diaphragm
  • dvc is the outer diameter of the diaphragm voice coil fit
  • E is the Young's modulus of the diaphragm material
  • u is the Poisson's ratio of the diaphragm material .
  • the F0 of the sounding device is proportional to the modulus and thickness, while the modulus of the rubber is proportional to its hardness, so the hardness can be used instead of its modulus.
  • the diaphragm should have sufficient stiffness and damping.
  • the hardness is preferably 35-80A, and the room temperature storage modulus is 0.5-35MPa, which enables the F0 of the sounding device to reach 500-1500Hz. The low frequency performance of the sounding device is excellent.
  • the vibrating membrane provided by the present invention may be a single-layer vibrating membrane or a multi-layer composite vibrating membrane.
  • the single-layer vibrating film is a vibrating film composed of one layer of the above-mentioned modified film layer.
  • the composite vibrating membrane is a vibrating membrane formed by stacking multiple layers of the modified membrane layers in sequence.
  • the composite vibrating membrane may include at least one layer of the above-mentioned modified membrane layer and at least one layer of membrane layer made of other materials.
  • the modified membrane layer is bonded and compounded with membrane layers made of other materials to form a composite vibrating membrane made of various materials.
  • the multi-layer film layers can be composited by hot pressing, casting, bonding, etc., to form the composite diaphragm.
  • the composite diaphragm may be a two-layer, three-layer, four-layer or five-layer composite diaphragm, which is not limited in the present invention. At least one membrane layer in the composite vibrating membrane adopts the modified membrane layer provided by the present invention.
  • thermoplastic elastomer layer For film layers made of other materials, preferably, at least one of a thermoplastic elastomer layer and an engineering plastic layer can be used.
  • the structure of the composite diaphragm is not limited to the above embodiment, and those skilled in the art can set it according to actual needs.
  • the material of the thermoplastic elastomer layer is selected from polyester thermoplastic elastomer, polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, polyamide thermoplastic elastomer, polystyrene thermoplastic elastomer, polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer At least one of elastomer and silicone thermoplastic elastomer.
  • the material of the engineering plastic layer is selected from polyamide, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyarylsulfone , at least one of polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyphenylate, polyaryletherketone, and polyetheretherketone.
  • a method for preparing a diaphragm of a sound-emitting device comprising the steps of:
  • the polymer blend is cross-linked to form a diaphragm.
  • a modifier is added to the silicone rubber and blended.
  • the silicone rubber and the modifier are fully mixed to be modified to prepare a blended polymer.
  • the modified film layer is a film layer prepared from a blended polymer through a cross-linking reaction.
  • the silicone rubber and modifier can be added to a mixer, high-speed mixer, kneader or internal mixer for blending. .
  • the diaphragm can be formed by injection molding, the diaphragm can also be formed by compression molding, and the diaphragm can also be formed by air pressure molding.
  • the molding method can be selected according to actual needs, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • the diaphragm is a folded ring diaphragm or a flat diaphragm or the like. Those skilled in the art can make settings according to actual needs.
  • a sound-generating device includes a magnetic circuit system and a vibration system that cooperate with each other, and the vibration system includes the above-mentioned diaphragm.
  • the sound-emitting device may be a sound-emitting device used in portable devices such as earphones, mobile phones, tablet computers, and notebook computers, but is not limited to this, and may also be other sound devices that are not listed in this embodiment but are known by those skilled in the art. well-known sounding device.
  • a vibrating membrane of a sounding device comprises a modified membrane layer, and the modified membrane layer is made of a blended polymer formed by blending and modifying a silicone rubber and a modifier, wherein the The modifier is liquid butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, and the silicone rubber is liquid silicone rubber.
  • the content of the silicone rubber is 60% of the total mass of the polymer blend, and the content of the modifier is 40% of the total mass of the polymer blend.
  • a vibrating membrane of a sounding device comprises a modified membrane layer, and the modified membrane layer is made of a blended polymer formed by blending and modifying a silicone rubber and a modifier, wherein the The modifier is liquid butadiene-styrene copolymer, and the silicone rubber is liquid silicone rubber.
  • the content of the silicone rubber is 40% of the total mass of the blended polymer, and the content of the modifier is 60% of the total mass of the blended polymer.
  • a vibrating membrane of a sounding device comprises a modified membrane layer, and the modified membrane layer is made of a blended polymer formed by blending and modifying a silicone rubber and a modifier, wherein the modifiers are liquid polysulfide rubber and liquid polyurethane rubber, and the silicone rubber is liquid silicone rubber.
  • the content of the silicone rubber is 98% of the total mass of the blended polymer, and the content of the modifier is 2% of the total mass of the blended polymer.
  • a vibrating membrane of a sounding device comprises a vulcanized rubber layer and a thermoplastic elastomer layer, and the modified membrane layer is made of a blended polymer formed by blending and modifying a silicone rubber and a modifier.
  • the modifier is liquid butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer and liquid polyurethane rubber
  • the silicone rubber is liquid silicone rubber.
  • the content of the silicone rubber is 50% of the total mass of the blended polymer, and the content of the modifier is 50% of the total mass of the blended polymer.
  • the material of the thermoplastic elastomer layer is selected from polyester thermoplastic elastomer.
  • a vibrating membrane of a sounding device comprises at least one layer of vulcanized rubber and one layer of engineering plastics, and the modified membrane layer is a blended polymer formed by blending and modifying silicone rubber and a modifier.
  • the modifier is liquid polyurethane rubber
  • the silicone rubber is liquid silicone rubber.
  • the content of the silicone rubber is 80% of the total mass of the blended polymer, and the content of the modifier is 20% of the total mass of the blended polymer.
  • the material of the engineering plastic layer is polyether ether ketone.
  • a vibrating membrane of a sounding device comprises a layer of silica gel membrane, and the silica gel membrane layer is made of silicone rubber.
  • FIG. 2 is a test curve of vibration displacement of different parts of the diaphragm at different frequencies according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a test curve of the vibration displacement of different parts of the diaphragm of Comparative Example 1 at different frequencies.
  • the diaphragm is a rectangular folding ring diaphragm.
  • the abscissa is the frequency (Hz), and the ordinate is the loudness displacement (mm).
  • FIG. 4 is the total harmonic distortion test curve of the diaphragm of the embodiment 1 of the present invention and the comparative example 1, wherein the dotted line is the total harmonic distortion test curve of the diaphragm provided by the embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the solid line is the comparative example 1
  • the total harmonic distortion test curve of the conventional silicone rubber diaphragm It can be seen from FIG. 4 that the diaphragm of Example 1 of the present invention has lower THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) than the conventional silicone rubber diaphragm of Comparative Example 1. This shows that the diaphragm of Example 1 of the present invention has better anti-polarization capability and better sound quality.
  • THD Total Harmonic Distortion

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种发声装置的振膜及其制备方法、发声装置，所述振膜包括至少一层改性膜层，所述改性膜层由硅橡胶与改性剂共混改性后形成的共混聚合物制成，其中，所述改性剂为丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚硫橡胶、聚氨酯类橡胶、聚丁二烯中的至少一种。发明提供的振膜采用由硅橡胶与改性剂共混改性后形成的共混聚合物制成，改性剂采用丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚硫橡胶、聚氨酯类橡胶、聚丁二烯中的至少一种，可以增大硅橡胶的分子间作用力和/或空间位阻，使振膜具有优良的阻尼性能，发声装置在振动过程中一致性优，抗偏振能力优，降低失真性能，具有更高的音质。

Description

一种发声装置的振膜及其制备方法、发声装置 技术领域
本发明涉及声学器件技术领域，具体地，本发明涉及一种发声装置的振膜及其制备方法、发声装置。
背景技术
在发声装置中，振膜是非常重要的部件，它的制作材料和工艺直接影响着发声装置的声学效果。随着高功率化、防水以及高音质要求的提高，硅橡胶材质的振膜在发声装置领域也得到了应用。
但本申请的发明人在实现本申请实施例的过程中，发现现有的硅橡胶振膜至少存在如下技术问题：硅橡胶振膜的模量或硬度相对较低，在满足相同F0要求的前提下，其阻尼性能较差，失真较高，不能满足产品对听音性能的要求。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提出一种发声装置的振膜及其制备方法、发声装置，旨在解决现有技术中硅橡胶振膜阻尼性能较差的技术问题。
为本发明所要解决的技术问题通过以下技术方案予以实现：
本发明的第一方面，提供了一种发声装置的振膜，所述振膜包括至少一层改性膜层，所述改性膜层由硅橡胶与改性剂共混改性后形成的共混聚合物制成，其中，所述改性剂为丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚硫橡胶、聚氨酯类橡胶、聚丁二烯中的至少一种。
可选地，所述硅橡胶采用液态硅橡胶，所述改性剂为液态改性剂。
可选地，所述硅橡胶的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的40～98％，所述改性剂的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的2～60％。
可选地，所述改性膜层在室温下的损耗因子大于0.1。
可选地，所述改性膜层在室温下的损耗因子大于0.12。
可选地，所述改性膜层10％应变后的弹性回复率≥80％。
可选地，所述改性膜层的拉伸强度为2～45MPa，所述改性膜层的撕裂强度为15～100N/mm。
可选地，所述改性膜层的密度为0.95～1.40g/cm 3。
可选地，所述改性膜层的硬度为35～80A，所述改性膜层的室温储能模量为0.5～ 35MPa。
可选地，所述振膜为单层振膜，所述单层振膜采用一层改性膜层构成；或者，所述振膜为复合振膜，所述复合振膜包括两层、三层、四层或五层膜层，所述复合振膜至少包括一层改性膜层。
可选地，所述振膜为复合振膜，所述复合振膜还包括热塑性弹性体层、工程塑料层中的至少一种。
可选地，所述热塑性弹性体层的材料选用聚酯类热塑性弹性体、聚氨酯类热塑性弹性体、聚酰胺类热塑性弹性体、聚苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体、聚烯烃类热塑性弹性体、有机硅热塑性弹性体中的至少一种；所述工程塑料层的材料选用聚酰胺，聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚芳砜、聚醚砜、聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、聚芳酯、聚苯酯、聚芳醚酮、聚醚醚酮中的至少一种。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了发声装置的振膜的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
将硅橡胶与改性剂进行共混改性，制成共混聚合物；
将所述共混聚合物进行交联成型，以形成振膜。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种发声装置，包括上述振膜。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
发明提供的振膜采用由硅橡胶与改性剂共混改性后形成的共混聚合物制成，改性剂采用丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚硫橡胶、聚氨酯类橡胶、聚丁二烯中的至少一种，可以增大硅橡胶的分子间作用力和/或空间位阻，使振膜具有优良的阻尼性能，发声装置在振动过程中一致性优，抗偏振能力优，降低失真性能，具有更高的音质。
附图说明
图1是不同改性膜层的密度对振膜Fr中频性能的影响关系图；
图2是本发明的实施例1的振膜不同部位在不同频率下振动位移的测试曲线；
图3是本发明对比例1的振膜不同部位在不同频率下振动位移的测试曲线；
图4是本发明实施例1和对比例1的振膜的总谐波失真测试曲线。
具体实施方式
本发明中所用原料、设备，若无特别说明，均为本领域的常用原料、设备；本发明中所用方法，若无特别说明，均为本领域的常规方法。
如无特殊说明，本说明书中的术语的含义与本领域技术人员一般理解的含义相同，但如有冲突，则以本说明书中的定义为准。
本文中“包括”、“包含”、“含”、“含有”、“具有”或其它变体意在涵盖非封闭式包括，这些术语之间不作区分。术语“包含”是指可加入不影响最终结果的其它步骤和成分。术语“包含”还包括术语“由…组成”和“基本上由…组成”。本发明的组合物和方法/工艺包含、由其组成和基本上由本文描述的必要元素和限制项以及本文描述的任一的附加的或任选的成分、组分、步骤或限制项组成。
在说明书和权利要求书中使用的涉及组分量、工艺条件等的所有数值或表述在所有情形中均应理解被“约”修饰。涉及相同组分或性质的所有范围均包括端点，该端点可独立地组合。由于这些范围是连续的，因此它们包括在最小值与最大值之间的每一数值。还应理解的是，本申请引用的任何数值范围预期包括该范围内的所有子范围。
正如背景技术所描述的，现有技术中的硅橡胶振膜存在阻尼性能较差，失真较高，不能满足产品对听音性能的要求的技术问题。为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种发声装置的振膜及其制备方法、发声装置。
第一方面，提供了一种发声装置的振膜，所述振膜包括至少一层改性膜层，所述改性膜层由硅橡胶与改性剂共混改性后形成的共混聚合物制成，其中，所述改性剂为丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚硫橡胶、聚氨酯类橡胶、聚丁二烯中的至少一种。
本发明中，创造性的将硅橡胶与改性剂进行共混改性，改性剂采用丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚硫橡胶、聚氨酯类橡胶、聚丁二烯中的至少一种，可以增大硅橡胶的分子间作用力和/或空间位阻，制备的振膜获得了极好的阻尼性能，发声装置在振动过程中一致性优，抗偏振能力优，失真较低，具有更高的音质。
需要说明的是，所述共混改性是指将改性剂添加到硅橡胶中，并混合均匀。
高分子聚合物的改性方法多种多样，总体上可划分为共混改性、填充改性、复合材料、化学改性、表面改性几大类。本发明中，将硅橡胶与改性剂进行共混改性，改性最为简便，工艺过程易于实施和调控。发明人发现，在本发明中并非所有的共聚物作为改性剂与硅橡胶进行共混改性，均可以提高阻尼性能，有些共聚物与硅橡胶的相容性较差，共混物性能不理想。发明人通过广泛而深入的研究，意外发现采用本发明特定的改性剂与硅橡胶进行共混改性，制备的振膜获得了极好的阻尼性能，取得了预料不到的技术效果。
本发明中，所述硅橡胶采用液态硅橡胶。
本发明中，所述改性剂为液态改性剂。具体的，所述改性剂为液态丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、液态丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、液态聚硫橡胶、液态聚氨酯类橡胶、液态聚丁二烯中的 至少一种。当所述改性剂为上述具体选择中的两种以上时，本发明对各物质的比例没有任何特殊的限定，可按任意比例进行混合。
本发明中，所述硅橡胶的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的40～98％，例如40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％、98％以及它们之间的任意值。
本发明中，所述改性剂的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的2～60％，例如2％、5％、8％、10％、15％、20％、25％、30％、35％、40％、50％、60％以及它们之间的任意值。发明人经过研究发现，所述改性剂的含量对振膜的阻尼性能和弹性有着重要的影响，若所述改性剂的含量小于所述共混聚合物总质量的2％，在硅橡胶的交联网络中无法形成有效的互传网络，而达不到提高阻尼的效果；若所述改性剂的含量大于所述共混聚合物总质量的60％，振膜具有较高阻尼，但其回弹性变差，长期使用过程中，振膜易出现塌陷，造成模组发声变差。本发明中，控制所述改性剂的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的2～60％，可以同时兼顾振膜的阻尼性能和弹性，保证了振膜优良的弹性和阻尼性能。
本发明中，所述改性膜层在室温下的损耗因子大于0.1，更优选地，所述改性膜层在室温下的损耗因子大于0.12。
损耗因子能够表征材料的阻尼性大小。常用的硅橡胶膜层在室温下的损耗因子一般小于0.1，阻尼性较小。本发明中，将硅橡胶与改性剂进行共混改性，改性剂采用丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚硫橡胶、聚氨酯类橡胶、聚丁二烯中的至少一种，所形成的共混聚合物在室温下处于高弹态，分子链易于运动，分子间摩擦力大，所述改性膜层在室温下的损耗因子大于0.1，这表明振膜具有优异的阻尼性能，振动系统在振动过程中可抑制偏振现象的能力强，振动一致性良好。
本发明中，所述改性膜层10％应变后的弹性回复率≥80％。由于振膜的回弹性良好，故使得发生装置具有较好的瞬态响应和较低的失真。
本发明中，所述改性膜层的拉伸强度为2～45MPa，所述改性膜层的撕裂强度为15～100N/mm。通过控制改性膜层的拉伸强度和撕裂强度在上述范围内，可以使得改性膜层具有合适的力学性能，振膜在模组使用中，不易出现破膜等可靠性问题。
本发明中，所述改性膜层的密度为0.95～1.40g/cm 3。当改性膜层的密度小于0.95g/cm 3，所制备的振膜力学性能较差，容易出现塌陷、破膜等可靠性问题；当改性膜层的密度大于＞1.40g/cm 3，所制备的振膜在相同厚度下，质量远高于普通常规振膜，导致其Fr中频性能低。
如图1所示，为改性膜层的密度对振膜Fr中频性能的影响，从图1中可以看出随着 改性膜层的密度的增加，中频响度降低，性能下降。
本发明中，所述改性膜层的硬度为35～80A，所述改性膜层的室温储能模量为0.5～35MPa。
该发声装置的F0正比于杨氏模量和厚度，可以通过改变发声装置振膜的厚度以及杨氏模量来实现F0的变化，具体调节原理如下：
Figure PCTCN2021114461-appb-000001
其中Mms为发声装置的等效振动质量，Cms为发声装置的等效顺性：
Figure PCTCN2021114461-appb-000002
其中，Cms1为弹波顺性,Cms2为振膜顺性。无弹波设计时，发声装置的等效顺性即为振膜顺性：
Figure PCTCN2021114461-appb-000003
其中W为振膜的折环部的总宽度，t为膜片厚度；dvc为振膜音圈贴合外径；E为振膜材质的杨氏模量；u为振膜材质的泊松比。
可见，发声装置的F0正比于模量和厚度，而橡胶的模量正比于其硬度，因此可以采用硬度替代其模量。为得到饱满的低音和舒适的听感，在发声装置具有较低的F0的同时，应使振膜具有足够的刚度和阻尼。本领域技术人员可以通过调节振膜的硬度来调节F0的大小。优选地，硬度为优选35～80A，室温储能模量在0.5～35MPa，这使得发声装置的F0的能够达到500～1500Hz。发声装置的低频性能优良。
本发明提供的振膜可以为单层振膜，也可以为多层的复合振膜。
其中，所述单层振膜是由一层上述改性膜层构成的振膜。
所述复合振膜则是由多层上述改性膜层依次层叠形成的振膜。或者，所述复合振膜可以包括至少一层上述改性膜层和至少一层其它材料制成的膜层。该改性膜层与其它材料制成的膜层粘接复合，构成多种材料制成的复合振膜。另外，多层膜层之间可以通过热压、流延、粘结等方式进行复合，进而构成上述复合振膜。所述复合振膜可以为两层、三层、四层或五层复合振膜，本发明对此不进行限制。所述复合振膜中至少有一层膜层是采用本发明提供的改性膜层。
对于其它材料制成的膜层，作为优选，可以为热塑性弹性体层、工程塑料层中的至少一种。
当然，复合振膜的结构不限于上述实施例，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行 设置。
本发明实施例中，作为举例，所述热塑性弹性体层的材料选用聚酯类热塑性弹性体、聚氨酯类热塑性弹性体、聚酰胺类热塑性弹性体、聚苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体、聚烯烃类热塑性弹性体、有机硅热塑性弹性体中的至少一种。
本发明实施例中，作为举例，所述工程塑料层的材料选用聚酰胺，聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚芳砜、聚醚砜、聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、聚芳酯、聚苯酯、聚芳醚酮、聚醚醚酮中的至少一种。
第二方面，提供了发声装置的振膜的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
将硅橡胶与改性剂进行共混改性，制成共混聚合物；
将所述共混聚合物进行交联成型，以形成振膜。
本发明中，向硅橡胶中加入改性剂，并进行共混，在共混过程中，硅橡胶和改性剂充分混合，以进行改性，制成共混聚合物。本发明中，所述改性膜层为由共混聚合物通过交联反应制备而成的膜层。
本发明对共混的具体方式不作特别限定，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择，作为举例，可将硅橡胶和改性剂加入混合机、高混机、捏合机或密炼机共混。
本发明中，可以通过注塑成型的方式形成振膜，也可以通过模压成型的方式形成振膜，也可以通过气压成型的方式形成振膜。当然，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择成型方式，本发明对此不做限定。
所述振膜为折环振膜或者平板振膜等。本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行设置。
第三方面，一种发声装置，包括相互配合的磁路系统和振动系统，所述振动系统包括上述的振膜。
所述发声装置可以是用于耳机、手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等便携式设备中的发声装置，但不局限于此，也可以是其他未列举在本实施例中的但被本领域技术人员所熟知的发声装置。
为了更好的理解上述技术方案，下面将结合具体的实施例对上述技术方案进行详细的说明，实施例仅是本发明的优选实施方式，不是对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种发声装置的振膜，所述振膜包括一层改性膜层，所述改性膜层由硅橡胶与改性剂共混改性后形成的共混聚合物制成，其中，所述改性剂为液态丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物，所述硅橡胶 采用液态硅橡胶。
所述硅橡胶的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的60％，所述改性剂的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的40％。
实施例2
一种发声装置的振膜，所述振膜包括一层改性膜层，所述改性膜层由硅橡胶与改性剂共混改性后形成的共混聚合物制成，其中，所述改性剂为液态丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物，所述硅橡胶采用液态硅橡胶。
所述硅橡胶的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的40％，所述改性剂的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的60％。
实施例3
一种发声装置的振膜，所述振膜包括一层改性膜层，所述改性膜层由硅橡胶与改性剂共混改性后形成的共混聚合物制成，其中，所述改性剂为液态聚硫橡胶和液态聚氨酯类橡胶，所述硅橡胶采用液态硅橡胶。
所述硅橡胶的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的98％，所述改性剂的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的2％。
实施例4
一种发声装置的振膜，所述振膜包括一层硫化橡胶层和一层热塑性弹性体层，所述改性膜层由硅橡胶与改性剂共混改性后形成的共混聚合物制成，其中，所述改性剂为液态丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物和液态聚氨酯类橡胶，所述硅橡胶采用液态硅橡胶。
所述硅橡胶的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的50％，所述改性剂的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的50％。
所述热塑性弹性体层的材料选用聚酯类热塑性弹性体。
实施例5
一种发声装置的振膜，所述振膜包括至少至少一层硫化橡胶层和一层工程塑料层，所述改性膜层由硅橡胶与改性剂共混改性后形成的共混聚合物制成，其中，所述改性剂为液态聚氨酯类橡胶，所述硅橡胶采用液态硅橡胶。
所述硅橡胶的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的80％，所述改性剂的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的20％。
所述工程塑料层的材料选用聚醚醚酮。
对比例1
一种发声装置的振膜，所述振膜包括一层硅胶膜层，所述硅胶膜层由硅橡胶制成。
为验证本发明产品性能，对实施例1-5所制得的振膜分别进行了相关性能测试，测试结果表明：所述改性膜层在室温下的损耗因子大于0.1；所述改性膜层10％应变后的弹性回复率≥80％；所述改性膜层的拉伸强度为2～45MPa，所述改性膜层的撕裂强度为15～100N/mm；所述改性膜层的密度为0.95～1.40g/cm 3；所述改性膜层的硬度为35～80A，所述振膜的室温储能模量为0.5～35MPa。
图2是根据本发明的实施例1的振膜不同部位在不同频率下振动位移的测试曲线。图3是对比例1的振膜不同部位在不同频率下振动位移的测试曲线。其中，振膜为矩形折环振膜。横坐标为频率(Hz),纵坐标为响度位移量(mm)。在振膜的中心部的边缘位置以及中心位置取点进行测试。
可以看出，图2中的各个曲线更集中，而图3中的各个曲线较为分散。这表明，本发明实施例1的振膜的各个部分的振动一致性更好，在振动过程中，振膜的摇摆真的少，音质和听音稳定性更加优良。
图4是本发明实施例1和对比例1的振膜的总谐波失真测试曲线，其中，虚线为本发明实施例1提供的振膜的总谐波失真测试曲线，实线为对比例1中常规的硅橡胶振膜的总谐波失真测试曲线。由图4可以看出，本发明实施例1的振膜相对于对比例1中的常规硅橡胶振膜具有更低的THD(总谐波失真)。这表明，本发明实施例1的振膜具有更优的抗偏振能力，并且音质更佳。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制，但凡采用等同替换或等效变换的形式所获得的技术方案，均应落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述振膜包括至少一层改性膜层，所述改性膜层由硅橡胶与改性剂共混改性后形成的共混聚合物制成，其中，所述改性剂为丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚硫橡胶、聚氨酯类橡胶、聚丁二烯中的至少一种。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述硅橡胶采用液态硅橡胶，所述改性剂为液态改性剂。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述硅橡胶的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的40～98％，所述改性剂的含量为所述共混聚合物总质量的2～60％。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述改性膜层在室温下的损耗因子大于0.1。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述改性膜层在室温下的损耗因子大于0.12。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述改性膜层10％应变后的弹性回复率≥80％；所述改性膜层的拉伸强度为2～45MPa，所述改性膜层的撕裂强度为15～100N/mm。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述改性膜层的密度为0.95～1.40g/cm 3。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述改性膜层的硬度为35～80A，所述改性膜层的室温储能模量为0.5～35MPa。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述振膜为单层振膜，所述单层振膜采用一层改性膜层构成；或者，所述振膜为复合振膜，所述复合振膜包括两层、三层、四层或五层膜层，所述复合振膜至少包括一层改性膜层。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述振膜为复合振膜，所述复合振膜还包括热塑性弹性体层、工程塑料层中的至少一种。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述热塑性弹性体层的材料选用聚酯类热塑性弹性体、聚氨酯类热塑性弹性体、聚酰胺类热塑性弹性体、聚苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体、聚烯烃类热塑性弹性体、有机硅热塑性弹性体中的至少一种；所述工程塑料层的材料选用聚酰胺，聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚芳砜、聚醚砜、聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚、聚芳酯、聚苯酯、聚芳醚酮、聚醚醚酮中的至少一种。
  12. 如权利要求1-11任一项所述的发声装置的振膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    将硅橡胶与改性剂进行共混改性，制成共混聚合物；
    将所述共混聚合物进行交联成型，以形成振膜。
  13. 一种发声装置，其包括权利要求1-11任一项所述的振膜。
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