WO2022054947A1 - ロボット装置およびその制御方法 - Google Patents

ロボット装置およびその制御方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022054947A1
WO2022054947A1 PCT/JP2021/033571 JP2021033571W WO2022054947A1 WO 2022054947 A1 WO2022054947 A1 WO 2022054947A1 JP 2021033571 W JP2021033571 W JP 2021033571W WO 2022054947 A1 WO2022054947 A1 WO 2022054947A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
target
hand
pressure
robot device
robot
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PCT/JP2021/033571
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
雅広 浅井
哲央 梅村
亮 ▲高▼田
仁嗣 辰野
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株式会社アイシン
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Application filed by 株式会社アイシン filed Critical 株式会社アイシン
Priority to JP2022548375A priority Critical patent/JPWO2022054947A1/ja
Publication of WO2022054947A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022054947A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J13/00—Controls for manipulators

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a robot device including at least one artificial muscle that operates by receiving a fluid supply and a control method thereof.
  • a robot that guides a robot with an end effector attached to the tip by a teaching device, teaches the end effector or the work involving contact between the gripping object gripped by the end effector and the work object, and reproduces the taught work.
  • the control device of the above is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • This control device guides the robot by position control when the work is taught and the end effector or the gripping object is not in contact with the work object. Further, the control device determines whether or not the end effector or the gripping object and the work object are in contact with each other based on the detection value of the force sensor provided between the robot tip and the end effector, and the detection value of the force sensor.
  • the control method of the robot is switched from position control to force control, and the robot is guided by force control.
  • the work target is determined from the end effector or the gripping object depending on the aspect of the position control. Excessive force may be applied to the object. It is also conceivable that the moving speed of the end effector or the like may be reduced when the end effector or the gripping object approaches the work object to some extent. Determining whether or not the object has come into contact with the object causes a deterioration in efficiency due to a long working time.
  • the main purpose of the present disclosure is to bring the hand of a robot device including at least one artificial muscle that operates by receiving a fluid supply into contact with the subject properly and promptly.
  • the robot apparatus of the present disclosure is a robot apparatus including a robot body including at least one artificial muscle that operates by receiving a supply of fluid, and a fluid pressure adjusting device that adjusts the pressure of the fluid supplied to the artificial muscle. Therefore, after the contact between the hand and the target, a predetermined pressing force is applied from the hand to the target, and the target reaching position of the hand is set before the hand and the target come into contact with each other.
  • the target pressure of the fluid supplied to the artificial muscle is set based on the difference between the target position forming the trajectory from the position of the hand before contacting the target to the target arrival position and the current position of the hand.
  • the fluid pressure adjusting device is used so that the pressure of the fluid supplied to the artificial muscle becomes the target pressure from before the hand comes into contact with the target until the target position coincides with the target reaching position. It includes a control device to control.
  • the hand of the robot body and the target are connected via a virtual spring and a damper, and the hand is pulled from the current position to the target by the tensile force generated by the virtual spring and the damper.
  • the tensile force due to the virtual spring and damper can be expressed as the sum of the proportional term and the velocity term obtained by multiplying the difference between the target position and the current position of the hand by the gain.
  • the speed of the hand with respect to the target becomes zero, so that the pressing force applied to the target after the contact with the target by the hand being pulled by a virtual spring and damper is after the contact.
  • the target arrival position of the hand to which a predetermined pressing force is applied from the hand to the target after the contact between the hand and the target is set at least before the hand and the target come into contact with each other.
  • the target pressure of the fluid supplied to the artificial muscle is set based on the difference between the target position forming the trajectory from the position of the hand before contacting the target to the target arrival position and the current position of the hand.
  • the fluid pressure adjusting device is controlled so that the pressure of the fluid supplied to the artificial muscle becomes the target pressure from before the contact between the hand and the target until the target position coincides with the target arrival position.
  • the artificial muscle is operated with high accuracy and responsiveness to the request. It becomes possible. As a result, it becomes possible to properly and promptly bring the hand of the robot device including at least one artificial muscle that operates by receiving the supply of the fluid into contact with the target.
  • the hand of the robot body may be a part of the robot device (hand part or the like) or an object gripped by the part, and the target is the object or the mounting surface of the object or the like. It may be.
  • the control method of the robot apparatus of the present disclosure includes a robot body including at least one artificial muscle that operates by receiving a fluid supply, and a fluid pressure adjusting device that adjusts the pressure of the fluid supplied to the artificial muscle.
  • the hand and the target set a target arrival position of the hand to which a predetermined pressing force is applied from the hand to the target after the hand of the robot body comes into contact with the target. It is set before contact and is supplied to the artificial muscle based on the difference between the target position forming the trajectory from the position of the hand before contacting the target to the target arrival position and the current position of the hand.
  • the target pressure of the fluid is set, and the pressure of the fluid supplied to the artificial muscle is the target pressure from before the hand and the target come into contact with each other until the target position coincides with the target arrival position.
  • the fluid pressure adjusting device is controlled so as to be.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the robot device 1 of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing the robot device 1.
  • the robot device 1 shown in these drawings includes a robot arm (robot body) 2, a liquid supply device 10, and a control device 100 that controls the entire device.
  • the robot arm 2 includes a plurality of (three in this embodiment) joints (pin joints) J1, J2, J3, a plurality of (three in this embodiment) arms (links) 3, and joints J1,
  • a plurality of hydraulic actuators (fluid actuators) M as artificial muscles provided for each of J2 and J3, for example, an even number (four in this embodiment), and a grip portion attached to the hand of the arm 3 on the tip side.
  • the hand unit 4 is controlled by the control device 100 so as to grip the target object (hereinafter, referred to as “grasping target”). Further, the liquid supply device 10 is controlled by the control device 100 to supply and discharge hydraulic oil (working fluid) as a liquid to each hydraulic actuator M. As a result, the robot arm 2 can be driven hydraulically (hydraulic pressure) to move the hand portion 4 to a desired position.
  • each hydraulic actuator M of the robot arm 2 is a so-called Macchiben type artificial muscle including a tube T that expands and contracts by the pressure of hydraulic oil and a braided sleeve S that covers the tube T. be.
  • the tube T is formed in a cylindrical shape by an elastic material such as a rubber material having high oil resistance, and both ends of the tube T are sealed by a sealing member C.
  • a hydraulic oil inlet / outlet IO is formed on the sealing member C on the base end side (liquid supply device 10 side, lower end side in FIG. 2) of the tube T.
  • the braided sleeve S is formed in a cylindrical shape by knitting a plurality of cords oriented in a predetermined direction so as to intersect each other, and is retractable in the axial direction and the radial direction.
  • a fiber cord, a high-strength fiber, a metal cord composed of ultrafine filaments, or the like can be adopted.
  • the arm 3 on the most proximal end side (most liquid supply device 10 side) is rotatable by the support member 5 as a link via the joint J1. Be supported. Further, the two arms 3 are rotatably connected to each other via the joint J2 or J3. Further, the connecting member 6 is fixed to the tip ends (ends on the hand side) of the two arms 3 on the liquid supply device 10 side. As shown in the figure, the support member 5 rotatably supports the sealing member C on the proximal end side of the plurality (four) hydraulic actuators M corresponding to the joint J1 on the distal end side.
  • each connecting member 6 rotatably supports the sealing member C on the tip end side (hand side) of the plurality (four) hydraulic actuators M corresponding to the joints J1 or J2 located on the proximal end side. .. Further, each connecting member 6 rotatably supports the sealing member C on the proximal end side of the plurality (four) hydraulic actuators M corresponding to the joints J2 or J3 located on the distal end side.
  • the support member 5 rotatably supports the sealing member C on the proximal end side of the two hydraulic actuators M corresponding to the joint J1 via the first connecting shaft.
  • the connecting member 6 of the arm 3 on the most proximal end side rotatably supports the sealing member C on the tip end side of the two hydraulic actuators M corresponding to the joint J1 via the second connecting shaft. ..
  • the support member 5 can rotate the sealing member C on the proximal end side of the remaining two hydraulic actuators M corresponding to the joint J1 via the third connecting shaft extending in parallel with the first connecting shaft. Support.
  • the connecting member 6 of the arm 3 on the most proximal end side extends the sealing member C on the tip end side of the remaining two hydraulic actuators M corresponding to the joint J1 in parallel with the second connecting shaft. It is rotatably supported via a connecting shaft.
  • the connecting member 6 of the two arms 3 connected to each other via the joint J2 or J3 also has a plurality (four) corresponding to the joint J2 or J3 via the plurality of connecting shafts as described above.
  • the corresponding sealing member C of the hydraulic actuator M is rotatably supported.
  • two hydraulic actuators M are arranged in parallel with the corresponding arms 3 in the present embodiment on both sides of each arm 3 extending from the joint axis of the joints J1-J3 to the hand side (hand portion 4 side).
  • the two hydraulic actuators M arranged on one side of each arm 3 constitute a first artificial muscle (one antagonist muscle) AM1 (see FIG. 3) corresponding to one joint J1, J2 or J3.
  • the two hydraulic actuators M arranged on the other side of each arm 3 are the second artificial muscles (the other) corresponding to one joint J1, J2 or J3 paired with the first artificial muscle AM1.
  • Antagonist muscle constitutes AM2 (see FIG. 3).
  • the first and second artificial muscles AM1 and AM2 may each be composed of a single hydraulic actuator M, and the number of hydraulic actuators M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 and the second The number of hydraulic actuators M constituting the artificial muscle AM2 may be different.
  • the plurality (four) hydraulic actuators M provided for one joint J1, J2 or J3 have the same specifications.
  • the specifications of the plurality of hydraulic actuators M corresponding to one joint J1, J2 or J3 do not necessarily have to be the same.
  • the specifications of the hydraulic actuator M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 may be different.
  • each arm 3 is formed to be hollow, and a plurality of hoses H (see the broken line in FIG. 2) as a liquid supply pipe are arranged inside each arm 3.
  • Each hose H is connected to an inlet / outlet IO formed in a sealing member C on the base end side of the corresponding hydraulic actuator M, and a liquid supply device is provided in the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M via the hose H.
  • the hydraulic oil (hydraulic pressure) from 10 is supplied.
  • the hydraulic pressure in the tube T of the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 is paired with the first artificial muscle AM1.
  • the hydraulic pressure in the tube T of the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the artificial muscle AM2 of 2 can be made different from each other.
  • a force (rotational torque) is transmitted from the four hydraulic actuators M, that is, the paired (pair) of the first and second artificial muscles AM1 and AM2 to each arm 3 via the connecting member 6 to support them. It is possible to change the joint angle of the joints J1-J3 by rotating each arm 3 with respect to the member 5 or the arm 3 on the proximal end side.
  • the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 and the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 paired with the first artificial muscle AM1 are
  • the tube T is antagonistically driven by hydraulic pressure from the liquid supply device 10 with a state in which the tube T contracts in the axial direction by a predetermined amount (for example, about 10% of the natural length) as an initial state.
  • the liquid supply device 10 of the robot device 1 has a tank 11 that defines a hydraulic oil storage section (liquid storage section) and a rotating shaft that extends the tank 11 in the vertical direction (one point in FIG. 1). Includes a base portion 12 that rotatably supports around the chain wire).
  • the tank 11 is, for example, a cylinder whose upper end and lower end are closed, and can store hydraulic oil inside.
  • the support member 5 of the robot arm 2 is fixed to the upper wall portion 11u of the tank 11 via a bolt or the like (not shown). That is, the robot arm 2 is supported by the tank 11 (upper wall portion 11u) of the liquid supply device 10.
  • the base portion 12 is fixed to the installation location of the robot device 1 so as to be located below the robot arm 2 and the tank 11, or is mounted (fixed) on an automatic guided vehicle (AGV or AMR) (not shown). Further, the base portion 12 supports a rotation unit (not shown) that rotates the tank 11 around the rotation shaft. As a result, by operating the rotation unit, the robot arm 2 and the tank 11 can be integrally rotated around the rotation shaft.
  • the rotating unit may be a swing motor driven by hydraulic pressure supplied from the liquid supply device 10, or may include an electric motor or the like.
  • the liquid supply device 10 includes a pump 13 as a liquid supply source, a valve body (not shown) arranged in the tank 11, and a main pressure generation, in addition to the tank 11 and the base portion 12.
  • the pump 13, the first and second linear solenoid valves 151, 152 and the first and second supply isolation valves 161, 162 are all controlled by the control device 100.
  • the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 and the first and second supply cutoff valves 161, 162 are provided one by one for each of the joints J1, J2 and J3.
  • the pump 13 is, for example, an electric pump, which sucks the hydraulic oil stored in the tank 11 and discharges it from the discharge port.
  • the pump 13 includes a pump unit arranged in the tank 11 and a drive unit having an electric motor and a reduction gear mechanism and arranged in the tank 11 or outside the tank 11.
  • the main pressure generation valve 14 drains (adjusts) a part of the hydraulic oil discharged from the pump 13 according to the signal pressure from the signal pressure generation valve (not shown) to generate the main pressure, and the main pressure is generated in the valve body. It is supplied to the oil passage (liquid passage) L0 formed in.
  • the signal pressure generation valve of the main pressure generation valve 14 for example, a linear solenoid valve whose energization is controlled by the control device 100 is used.
  • the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 include a solenoid portion 15e and a spool 15s whose energization is controlled by the control device 100, a spring SP for urging the spool 15s to the solenoid portion 15e side (upper side in FIG. 3), and the like. , Placed inside the valve body. Further, the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 have an input port 15i communicating with the oil passage L0 of the valve body, an output port 15o communicating with the input port 15i, and a feedback port 15f communicating with the output port 15o. And a drain port 15d that can communicate with the output port 15o.
  • the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 are normally closed valves that open when a current is supplied to the solenoid portion 15e, and each solenoid portion 15e responds to the applied current.
  • the spool 15s is moved in the axial direction.
  • the thrust applied to the spool 15s from the solenoid portion 15e by supplying power to the solenoid portion 15e (coil), the urging force of the spring SP, and the hydraulic pressure supplied from the output port 15o to the feedback port 15f to the spool 15s.
  • the hydraulic oil supplied from the main pressure generation valve 14 (pump 13) side to the input port 15i and flowing out from the output port 15o is regulated to a desired pressure. Can be done. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the drain ports 15d of the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 communicate with the hydraulic oil storage portion in the tank 11 via the oil passage L3, respectively.
  • the first and second supply cutoff valves 161, 162 are solenoid spool valves (solenoid valves) having the same structure as each other, and as shown in FIG. 3, the input port 16i, the first and second output ports 16oa, A sleeve having 16 obs, a spool (not shown) slidably (movably) arranged in the sleeve in the axial direction, an electromagnetic unit 16e controlled by the control device 100 to move the spool, and a spool electromagnetically. Each includes a spring (not shown) for urging the portion 16e side.
  • the input port 16i of the first supply cutoff valve 161 is connected to the output port 15o of the first linear solenoid valve 151 via an oil passage formed in the valve body, and the input port 16i of the second supply cutoff valve 162 is a valve. It is connected to the output port 15o of the second linear solenoid valve 152 via an oil passage formed in the body.
  • the first output port 16oa of the first supply isolation valve 161 is an inlet / outlet IO for hydraulic oil of one hydraulic actuator M (tube T) constituting the corresponding first artificial muscle AM1 via the oil passage L11.
  • the second output port 16ob of the first supply isolation valve 161 is connected to the inlet / outlet IO of the hydraulic oil of the other hydraulic actuator M (tube T) constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 via the oil passage L12.
  • the first output port 16oa of the second supply cutoff valve 162 is an inlet / outlet IO for hydraulic oil of one hydraulic actuator M (tube T) constituting the corresponding second artificial muscle AM2 via the oil passage L21.
  • the second output port 16ob of the second supply cutoff valve 162 is connected to the inlet / outlet IO of the hydraulic oil of the other hydraulic actuator M (tube T) constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 via the oil passage L22. Will be done.
  • the first and second supply cutoff valves 161, 162 are in a complete communication state, a first partial communication state, a second partial communication state, and a complete cutoff state according to the current supplied to the electromagnetic unit 16e. Form selectively.
  • the first and second supply cutoff valves 161, 162 form a perfect communication state, both the input port 16i and the first and second output ports 16oa and 16ob communicate with each other.
  • the first and second supply cutoff valves 161, 162 form the first partial communication state, the input port 16i and the second output port 16ob communicate with each other, and the input port 16i and the first output port 16oa communicate with each other. Is blocked.
  • the input port 16i and the first output port 16oa communicate with each other, and the input port 16i and the second output port 16ob communicate with each other. Is blocked.
  • the first and second supply cutoff valves 161, 162 form a complete cutoff state, the communication between the input port 16i and the first and second output ports 16oa and 16ob is cut off.
  • the control device 100 of the robot device 1 includes a microcomputer including a CPU, ROM, RAM, an input / output interface, and various logic ICs (all of which are not shown).
  • the control device 100 includes a main pressure sensor (not shown) that detects the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the oil passage L0 on the upstream side of the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152, the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152, and the first. 1.
  • Input the detection value of a voltage sensor (not shown) that detects the voltage of the power supply of the second supply cutoff valves 161, 162.
  • the control device 100 controls the duty of the pump 13 so that the hydraulic pressure in the oil passage L0 detected by the main pressure sensor becomes a target value, and is supplied to the electromagnetic part of the signal pressure generation valve of the main pressure generation valve 14. Control the current.
  • control device 100 has a current from the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 to the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 so that the hydraulic pressure corresponding to the request is supplied to each hydraulic actuator M.
  • a command value is set, and the current supplied to each solenoid unit 15e is controlled based on the current command value.
  • the control device 100 basically supplies a current to each solenoid unit 16e so that the first and second supply isolation valves 161, 162 form the above-mentioned complete communication state while the robot device 1 is operated. To control.
  • control device 100 includes a current detecting unit that detects a current flowing through the solenoid portion 15e of the first linear solenoid valve 151 and a current detecting unit that detects a current flowing through the solenoid portion 15e of the second linear solenoid valve 152. (Neither is shown), the current detected by each current detector is monitored.
  • control device 100 first and second so as to form the first partial communication state or the second partial communication state according to the detection value from the pressure sensor (not shown) that detects the hydraulic pressure in each hydraulic actuator M. Controls the applicable supply shutoff valves 161, 162. As a result, when hydraulic oil flows out from one of the two hydraulic actuators M corresponding to any of the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 due to damage or the like, the other of the two hydraulic actuators M is affected. It is possible to continuously supply the hydraulic oil to suppress the disturbance of the behavior of the robot arm 2 and to satisfactorily suppress the further outflow of the hydraulic oil from the damaged hydraulic actuator M.
  • the first or second linear solenoid valves 151, 152 correspond to the corresponding ones. It is possible to cut off the supply of hydraulic oil to the two hydraulic actuators M, or to regulate the outflow of hydraulic oil from the two hydraulic actuators M to suppress the occurrence of unintended operation of the robot arm 2. can.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a control unit of the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 in the above-mentioned control device 100.
  • the control device 100 is a target position setting unit constructed by at least one of hardware such as a CPU, ROM, and RAM of a computer and software such as a control program installed in the computer.
  • 101 current position derivation unit 102, target torque setting unit 105 including torque calculation unit 103 and gravity compensation unit 104, target rigidity setting unit 106, contraction rate setting unit 107, contraction force calculation unit 108, and target pressure derivation.
  • a target pressure setting unit 110 including a unit 109, a current command value setting unit 111, and a valve drive unit 112 are included.
  • the target position setting unit 101 is a target that is the final target position of the hand unit 4 based on the position of the gripping target of the hand unit 4 and the target speed and target acceleration of the hand unit 4 during movement given by the user.
  • the arrival position (three-dimensional coordinates) and the trajectory from the initial position of the hand unit 4 to the target arrival position and including a plurality of target positions, that is, transit positions (three-dimensional coordinates) are set.
  • the current position derivation unit 102 is a hand unit 4 based on the joint angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3 of the joints J1-J3 of the robot arm 2 and the specifications (dimensions, etc. of the arm 3) of the robot arm 2 (robot device 1).
  • the current position (three-dimensional coordinates) of (predetermined reference point) is derived.
  • the joint angles ⁇ 1- ⁇ 3 of the joints J1-J3 are detected by any of the corresponding joint angle sensors 7 provided on the robot arm 2.
  • the torque calculation unit 103 of the target torque setting unit 105 has two arms 3 (arm 3 and a support) connected via the joint Ji so that the hand unit 4 moves from the current position to the target position for each joint J1-J3.
  • the joint torque Tj (i) that relatively rotates the member 5) is calculated.
  • the gravity compensating unit 104 of the target torque setting unit 105 determines the robot arm 2 for each joint J1-J3 based on the joint angle ⁇ 1- ⁇ 3 and the specifications of the robot arm 2 (robot device 1) (dimensions of the arm 3, etc.).
  • the gravity compensation torque Tc (i) required to maintain the posture of is calculated.
  • the target torque setting unit 105 is for relatively rotating the sum of the joint torque Tj (i) and the gravity compensation torque Tc (i) so that the two arms 3 and the like connected via the joint Ji are relatively rotated.
  • the target torque Ttag (i) which is the target value (target driving force) of the joint torque Tj (i), is set.
  • the target rigidity setting unit 106 has the rigidity that the joint Ji should have for each joint J1-J3, that is, two arms 3 connected via the joint Ji, etc., at least based on the target position of the robot device 1, that is, the hand unit 4. It is a force (torque) required to rotate (link) relatively by a unit angle, and makes it difficult for the joint Ji to move with respect to an external force that tries to relatively rotate the two arms 3 and the like.
  • the indicated target stiffness R (i) is set. More specifically, when the target rigidity setting unit 106 moves the hand unit 4 or the like to the gripping object or the like, the target rigidity R (i) is changed according to the positional relationship between the hand unit 4 or the like and the gripping object or the like.
  • the target rigidity R (i) is lowered before the hand portion 4 or the like comes into contact with the gripping object or the like. Further, the target rigidity setting unit 106 changes the target rigidity R (i) according to at least one of the moving speed and the acceleration of the hand unit 4, and the target rigidity R (i) is arranged around the robot device 1 (for example, the robot device 1 is arranged). When there is a person in the room or the area including the operating range of the robot arm 2 such as the inside of the fence, the target rigidity R (i) is lowered.
  • the target rigidity R (i) of each joint Ji may be set at least based on the current position of the robot device 1, that is, the hand portion 4.
  • the contraction rate setting unit 107 of the target pressure setting unit 110 is the first artificial artificial muscle corresponding to the joint Ji based on the joint angle ⁇ i of the joint Ji according to the current position of the hand unit 4 for each joint J1-J3.
  • the contraction rate Cr1 (i) of the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the muscle AM1 and the contraction rate Cr2 (i) of the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 corresponding to the joint Ji are obtained.
  • the contraction force calculation unit 108 of the target pressure setting unit 110 has a target torque Ttag (i) set by the target torque setting unit 105 and a target rigidity R (target rigidity R) set by the target rigidity setting unit 106 for each joint J1-J3. Based on i), a plurality of (pair) hydraulic actuators corresponding to the joint Ji when the two arms 3 and the like connected via the joint Ji are relatively rotated by the target torque Ttag (i). The contraction forces Fc1 (i) and Fc2 (i) required for M are calculated.
  • the contraction force Fc1 (i) is a force to be generated by the contraction of the tubes T of the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 corresponding to each joint Ji
  • the contraction force Fc2 (i) is It is a force to be generated by the contraction of the tube T of the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 corresponding to each joint Ji.
  • the target pressure derivation unit 109 of the target pressure setting unit 110 has the contraction rate Cr1 (i) and the contraction force set by the contraction rate setting unit 107 from the static characteristics of the hydraulic actuator M as an artificial muscle for each joint J1-J3.
  • the pressure corresponding to the contraction force Fc1 (i) calculated by the calculation unit 108 is derived and set to the target pressure Ptag1 (i) of the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1.
  • the target pressure derivation unit 109 has a contraction rate Cr2 (i) set by the contraction rate setting unit 107 and a contraction force Fc2 (i) calculated by the contraction force calculation unit 108 from the static characteristics for each joint J1-J3.
  • the target pressure Ptag2 (i) of the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 by deriving the pressure corresponding to the above.
  • the current command value setting unit 111 sets the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) set by the target pressure setting unit 110 to the solenoid units 15e of the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 (current command value setting unit 111). Convert directly to the target current).
  • the valve drive unit 112 sets a target voltage by feed-forward control (or feed-forward control and feedback control) so that the current detected by the above-mentioned current detection unit (not shown) matches the current command value, and sets the target voltage. Convert to PWM signal.
  • valve drive unit 112 controls switching of a switching element (transistor) (not shown) based on the PWM signal to apply a current to the solenoid units 15e of the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152.
  • a switching element transistor
  • the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 are controlled to generate hydraulic pressure according to the target pressure Ptag1 (i) or Ptag2 (i).
  • control procedure of the above-mentioned robot device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 10.
  • control procedure of the robot device 1 will be described by taking as an example a case where the hand portion 4 of the robot device 1 is moved to the gripping target and the hand portion 4 grips and transfers the gripping target.
  • the hand of the robot arm 2 that is, the hand portion 4, and the gripping target are connected via a virtual spring and a damper, and the virtual spring and the damper are generated.
  • the tensile force Ft (f x , f y , f z ) due to the virtual spring and damper is the target position (xd (t), of the hand portion 4 (predetermined reference point).
  • the gripping target is pulled by the virtual spring and damper according to the above equation (1).
  • the position (contact position) of the gripping object (x o , yo , z o ) and the gains K px , K py , K pz can be expressed as the following equation (2).
  • the routine of FIG. 5 is executed by the target position setting unit 101 of the control device 100, and the final of the hand unit 4 is executed.
  • a target arrival position (x r , y r , z r ) and a target trajectory of the hand unit 4 from the initial position to the target arrival position (x r , y r , z r ) are set.
  • the target position setting unit 101 of the control device 100 determines the position (x o , yo , z o ) of the gripping target and the target speed of the hand unit 4 given by the user during movement.
  • the position (x o , yo , z o ) of the gripping object may be input to the control device 100 by the user of the robot device 1 if it is known in advance, and the camera may be input to the control device 100 before the operation of the robot arm 2 is started. It may be derived from the data acquired by the above.
  • the target position setting unit 101 reaches the target of the hand unit 4 in which a predetermined pressing force Fp is applied from the hand unit 4 to the gripping object after the contact between the hand unit 4 and the gripping object according to the above equation (2).
  • the position (x r , y r , z r ) is set (step S2).
  • the pressing force Fp (f px , f py , f pz ) in the equation (2) is based on the specifications such as the material, strength, and size of the gripping object, without destroying the gripping object.
  • the target position setting unit 101 is based on the target speed and target acceleration of the hand unit 4 acquired in step S1 and the target arrival position (x r , y r , z r ) set in step S2.
  • a target trajectory of the hand unit 4 including a predetermined number (plural) target positions, that is, transit positions (three-dimensional coordinates) is set (step S3), and the routine of FIG. 5 is terminated.
  • the target arrival position and the target trajectory are set according to the transfer destination (the mounting surface of the grip target) of the grip target.
  • the routine of FIG. 5 is executed again by the target position setting unit 101.
  • the target position setting unit 101 is placed on the mounting surface (target) from the hand unit 4 via the gripping target after the contact between the gripping target (hand) gripped by the hand unit 4 and the mounting surface (target).
  • the target arrival position (x r , y r , z r ) of the hand unit 4 to which the predetermined pressing force Fp is applied is set.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a robot arm control routine executed by the control device 100 after the target arrival position and the target trajectory are set. After the routine of FIG. 5 is completed, the routine of FIG. 6 is repeatedly executed by the control device 100 at predetermined time (for example, about 10 ms) in response to an execution instruction by the user.
  • predetermined time for example, about 10 ms
  • the torque calculation unit 103 (target torque setting unit 105) and the target rigidity setting unit 106 of the control device 100 each acquire the target position set by the target position setting unit 101 (step S10). ..
  • the target position acquired in step S10 is the first target position in the target trajectory or the target position acquired at the time of the previous execution of the routine of FIG.
  • the current position derivation unit 102 and the gravity compensation unit 104 of the control device 100 acquire the joint angles ⁇ 1- ⁇ 3 of the joints J1-J3 acquired by the plurality of joint angle sensors 7 (step S20).
  • the current position deriving unit 102 derives the current position (three-dimensional coordinates) of the hand unit 4 based on the acquired joint angle ⁇ 1- ⁇ 3 and the specifications of the robot arm 2 (robot device 1) (step S30). The derived current position is given to the torque calculation unit 103.
  • the torque calculation unit 103 (target torque setting unit 105) of the control device 100 determines whether or not the current position of the hand unit 4 has changed from the previous position (whether or not the hand unit 4 has moved) (step). S40). When the torque calculation unit 103 determines that the current position of the hand unit 4 has changed from the previous position (step S40: YES), it further determines whether or not the current position substantially matches the target position. Determination (step S50). When it is determined that the current position substantially matches the target position (step S50: YES), the torque calculation unit 103 acquires the target position next to the target position acquired in step S10 (step S60). ..
  • the next target position is also given to the target rigidity setting unit 106, and the target rigidity setting unit 106 sets the target rigidity R (i) of each joint Ji based on the acquired target position and the like. Further, if the current position of the hand unit 4 does not substantially match the target position, the process of step S60 is skipped.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for setting the target torque Ttag (i) by the target torque setting unit 105 in step S70.
  • the torque calculation unit 103 of the target torque setting unit 105 first sets the above-mentioned gains K px , K py and K pz based on the target position of the hand unit 4 acquired in step S10. (Step S700).
  • step S700 the torque calculation unit 103 has gains K px , K py and K pz until the target position acquired in step S10 reaches a predetermined target position (for example, a position where the hand unit 4 starts decelerating). After each is set to a predetermined normal value and the target position acquired in step S10 becomes the predetermined target position, each of the gains K px , K py and K pz is smaller than the above normal value. Set to a value.
  • the torque calculation unit 103 describes the above-mentioned virtual from the above equation (1) based on the target position of the hand unit 4 acquired in step S10 and the current position of the hand unit 4 acquired in step S30.
  • the movement of the robot arm 2 (each joint Ji) can be made smoother.
  • the torque calculation unit 103 acquires a separately set human feeling flag (step S720), and determines whether or not the human feeling flag is turned off (step S730).
  • the human sensor is turned on or off by the control device 100 based on a signal from at least one motion sensor 8 (see FIG. 1) arranged at the installation location of the robot device 1 or an automatic guided vehicle. .. That is, when the presence of a person is not detected within a predetermined range centered on the motion sensor 8, the control device 100 turns off the motion flag and at least one person. When the presence of a person is detected within the predetermined range by the motion sensor 8, the motion flag is turned on.
  • step S730: YES When the torque calculation unit 103 determines that the human feeling flag is turned off (step S730: YES), the torque calculation unit 103 sets the first force (vector) Fu1 to the upper limit value Fu of the tensile force Ft (step S740). Further, when the torque calculation unit 103 determines that the human feeling flag is turned on (step S730: NO), the torque calculation unit 103 sets the second force (vector) Fu2, which is smaller than the first force Fu1, to the upper limit of the tensile force Ft. Set to the value Fu (step S745). After the process of step S740 or S745, the torque calculation unit 103 sets (resets) the smaller of the tensile force Ft and the upper limit value Fu set in step S710 to the tensile force Ft (step S750).
  • the torque calculation unit 103 has a hand unit 4 for each joint J1-J3 from the tensile force Ft set in step S750 and the Jacobian determinant shown in the following equation (5).
  • the target torque setting unit 105 sums the joint torque Tj (i) calculated by the torque calculation unit 103 as described above and the gravity compensation torque Tc (i) separately calculated by the gravity compensation unit 104.
  • the target torque Ttag (1) -Ttag (3) for relatively rotating the two arms 3 and the like is set (step S770).
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating the setting procedure of the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) by the target pressure setting unit 110 in step S80.
  • the target pressure setting unit 110 first sets the variable i, that is, the joint number to the value 1 (step S800).
  • the contraction force calculation unit 108 of the target pressure setting unit 110 has a target torque Ttag (i) for the joint Ji set by the target torque setting unit 105 and a target rigidity of the joint Ji set by the target rigidity setting unit 106.
  • Acquire R (i) step S810).
  • the contraction rate setting unit 107 of the target pressure setting unit 110 acquires the current joint angle ⁇ i of the joint Ji detected by the corresponding joint angle sensor 7.
  • the contraction rate setting unit 107 of the target pressure setting unit 110 that has acquired the joint angle ⁇ i has the contraction rate Cr1 (i) of the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 corresponding to the joint Ji, and the joint.
  • the contraction rate Cr2 (i) of the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 corresponding to Ji is set (step S820).
  • the contraction rate setting unit 107 configures the first artificial muscle AM1 based on the joint angle ⁇ i of the joint Ji, the specifications of the robot arm 2 (robot device 1) (dimensions of the arm 3 and the like), and the like.
  • the contraction rate Cr1 (i) of the two hydraulic actuators M and the contraction rate Cr2 (i) of the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 are derived and set.
  • the contraction force calculation unit 108 of the target pressure setting unit 110 is the first artificial muscle corresponding to the joint Ji based on the target torque Ttag (i) acquired in step S810 and the target rigidity R (i) of the joint Ji.
  • the contraction force (tensile force) Fc1 (i) required for the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the muscle AM1 and the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 corresponding to the joint Ji are required.
  • the contraction force (tensile force) Fc2 (i) to be generated is calculated (step S830).
  • step S830 the contraction force calculation unit 108 solves the simultaneous equations obtained from these two relational expressions, and thereby, the contraction force Fc1 corresponding to the target torque Ttag (i) and the target rigidity R (i) of the joint Ji. (I), Fc2 (i) is calculated.
  • the target pressure derivation unit 109 of the target pressure setting unit 110 has a pressure corresponding to the contraction rate Cr1 (i) and the contraction force Fc1 (i) from the target pressure setting map illustrated in FIG. Is appropriately linearly interpolated and set to the target pressure Ptag1 (i) of the two hydraulic actuators M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 (step S840). Further, in step S840, the target pressure derivation unit 109 derives the pressure corresponding to the contraction rate Cr2 (i) and the contraction force Fc2 (i) from the target pressure setting map to form the second artificial muscle AM2. The target pressure Ptag2 (i) of the two hydraulic actuators M is set.
  • the target pressure setting map of FIG. 9 shows the static characteristics of the hydraulic actuator M as an artificial muscle, and the contraction rate of the tube T and the tube T are generated for each hydraulic pressure supplied to the hydraulic actuator M. It was created through experiments and analysis in advance so as to define the relationship with the contraction force. In this way, the pressure corresponding to the contraction rates Cr1 (i) and Cr2 (i) and the contraction forces Fc1 (i) and Fc2 (i) of the tube T is set to the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i). Therefore, the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) can be set accurately according to the request to the robot arm 2.
  • the target pressure setting unit 110 increments the variable i (step S850) and determines whether or not the variable i is a value N + 1 or more. Determination (step S860).
  • the target pressure setting unit 110 determines that the variable i is less than the value N + 1 (step S860: NO)
  • the target pressure setting unit 110 re-executes the process of the above steps S810-S860.
  • the target pressure setting unit 110 determines that the variable i is the value N + 1 or more (step S860: YES), as shown in FIG.
  • the current command value setting unit 111 of the control device 100 displays a map or the like (not shown). Using, each of the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) of each joint Ji is directly converted into a current command value (step S90).
  • the current command value derived by the current command value setting unit 111 is given to the valve drive unit 112 of the control device 100, and the valve drive unit 112 has a plurality of first and second linear solenoids, respectively, based on the current command.
  • the valves 151 and 152 are controlled (PWM control) (step S100).
  • the current command value to the liquid supply device 10 according to the target torque Ttag (i) is easily and quickly set, and the first and second linears of the liquid supply device 10 are controlled based on the current command value.
  • Each of the solenoid valves 151 and 152 produces a hydraulic pressure corresponding to the corresponding target pressure Ptag1 (i) or Ptag2 (i). Further, the hydraulic oil regulated by the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 is supplied to the tube T of the corresponding hydraulic actuator M via the first and second supply cutoff valves 161, 162.
  • the flow rate control valve adjusts the flow rate of the hydraulic oil and supplies it into the tube T, or the hydraulic pressure supplied to the tube T is detected by the pressure sensor so that the actual hydraulic pressure matches the target pressure.
  • the hydraulic pressure supplied to each tube T within a short time from the setting of the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) is applied to the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i), as compared with the case of feedback control. It is possible to substantially match i) so that the actual shrinkage rate of each tube T can be made to follow the required value with good responsiveness and high accuracy.
  • the control device 100 temporarily terminates the routine of FIG. 6, and executes the process of step S10 and subsequent steps again according to the arrival of the next execution timing.
  • step S40 of FIG. 6 determines that the current position is from the previous position. It is determined whether or not a predetermined relatively short time (predetermined time) has elapsed since the change substantially stopped (step S55). When it is determined that the predetermined time has not elapsed since the current position does not substantially change (step S55: NO), the torque calculation unit 103 determines, for example, the difference between the target arrival position and the current position and the said. The target position of the hand unit 4 is set based on the predetermined time (step S65).
  • predetermined time a predetermined relatively short time
  • step S65 for example, the torque calculation unit 103 sets the target position so that the target position coincides with the target arrival position shortly before the predetermined time elapses after the current position does not substantially change. And change at a constant rate.
  • the processes after step S70 are executed. Further, the target position set in step S65 is also given to the target rigidity setting unit 106, and the target rigidity setting unit 106 sets the target rigidity R (i) of each joint Ji based on the acquired target position and the like. Set.
  • step S55 the control device 100 ends the routine of FIG. 6 and causes the hand unit 4 to grip the gripping object. Executes the hand control routine of. Further, the target position setting unit 101 of the control device 100 executes the routine of FIG. 5 until the gripping target is gripped by the hand unit 4, and sets the target arrival position and the target trajectory according to the mounting position of the gripping target. Set. Further, when the gripping target is gripped by the hand unit 4 and the hand control routine is completed, the control device 100 re-executes the routine of FIG. 6 in order to convey the gripping target to the mounting position by the robot arm 2.
  • the target position of the hand unit 4 may be set to change at a predetermined rate from the current position to the target arrival position, and the target position is one to the target arrival position.
  • the routine of FIG. 6 may be terminated when a predetermined time has elapsed.
  • the target position setting unit 101 of the control device 100 of the robot device 1 mounts the gripping target (hand) gripped by the hand portion 4 of the robot device 1 or the hand portion 4 on the gripping target or the gripping target.
  • the gripping object or mounting from the hand unit 4 A target reaching position of the hand portion 4 to which a predetermined pressing force Fp is applied to the surface is set (step S2 in FIG. 5). That is, as shown in FIG. 10, the target position setting unit 101 sets a position slightly ahead of the position of the pinching target or the like to the target arrival position of the hand unit 4.
  • the control device 100 has a target torque Ttag (i) for each joint Ji of the robot arm 2 based on the target position forming the target trajectory set based on the target arrival position and the current position of the hand unit 4. (Step S70 in FIG. 6), and the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) of the plurality of hydraulic actuators M corresponding to each joint Ji are set based on the target torque Ttag (i) (FIG. 6). Step S80 of 6. Further, in the control device 100, the pressure of the hydraulic oil supplied to each hydraulic actuator M is applied from before the hand portion 4 comes into contact with the gripping object or the mounting surface until the target position coincides with the target arrival position. The first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 of the liquid supply device 10 are controlled so as to have the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) (steps S90-S100 in FIG. 6).
  • the above-mentioned pushing is performed in consideration of variations in the position of the gripping object or the like so that the hand portion 4 or the gripping object (hand) is brought into contact with the gripping object or the mounting surface (object) without destroying the gripping object.
  • the pressure Fp is set, the moving speed of the hand unit 4 is reduced when the hand unit 4 or the like approaches the gripping object to some extent, or the sensor detects the contact between the hand unit 4 or the like and the gripping object or the like. It is possible to bring the hand portion 4 or the like of the robot device 1 into contact with the gripping object or the like without causing the trouble.
  • the target torque (target driving force) Ttag (i) based on the target position of the hand unit 4 according to the target arrival position and the current position of the hand unit 4, and more specifically, the target torque Ttag (i).
  • the liquid supply device 10 By controlling the liquid supply device 10 based on the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) based on, each liquid without using a sensor for detecting the hydraulic pressure supplied to each hydraulic actuator M as an artificial muscle. It is possible to operate the pressure actuator M with high accuracy and responsiveness to the request.
  • the target position setting unit (target arrival position setting unit and target trajectory setting unit) 101 of the control device 100 sets the target arrival position, and is based on the target arrival position, the target speed of the hand unit 4, and the target acceleration.
  • the target trajectory of the hand unit 4 including the plurality of target positions is set (steps S1-S3 in FIG. 5).
  • the target torque setting unit 105 calculates the tensile force (driving force) Ft for moving the hand unit (hand) 4 of the robot device 1 from the current position to the target position, and determines the joint Ji based on the tensile force Ft.
  • the target torque Ttag (i) for relatively rotating the two arms (links) 3 and the like connected via the beam is set (step S70 in FIG.
  • the target pressure setting unit 110 sets the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) based on the target torque Ttag (i) (step S80 in FIG. 6). Further, the current command value setting unit 111 directly converts the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) into current command values to the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 of the liquid supply device 10 (FIG. 6). Step S90).
  • the current command values from the target torque Ttag (i) to the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 are easily and quickly set to respond to the hydraulic pressure supplied to each hydraulic actuator M as an artificial muscle.
  • the hand portion 4 of the robot device 1 is moved so as to follow a target trajectory by a plurality of hydraulic actuators M so that the hand portion 4 is brought into contact with the gripping target, or the gripping target is brought into contact with the mounting surface. It is possible to make it.
  • the target position setting unit 101 may set only the target arrival position without setting the target trajectory. In this case, the target torque setting unit 105 determines the difference between the target arrival position and the current position.
  • the target Ttag (i) may be set based on the above.
  • the position of the gripping object cannot be accurately acquired at the start of starting the robot device 1, the position of the gripping object acquired by a camera or the like at predetermined time intervals after the hand unit 4 approaches the gripping object.
  • the target arrival position may be derived from the predetermined time intervals.
  • the torque calculation unit 103 of the target torque setting unit 105 calculates the tensile force Ft so as not to exceed a predetermined upper limit value Fu (Fu1 or Fu2) (step S750 in FIG. 7).
  • the torque calculation unit 103 has a person around the robot device 1 (for example, an area including an operating range of the robot arm 2 such as a room where the robot device 1 is arranged or the inside of a fence).
  • the upper limit value Fu is made smaller than when there is no person around the robot device 1 (FIG. 7). Step S720-S745).
  • the target position setting unit (target trajectory setting unit) 101 determines in step S40 of FIG. 6 that the current position of the hand unit 4 has not substantially changed from the previous position.
  • the target position of the hand unit 4 may be set at predetermined time intervals while limiting the target acceleration separately given so as not to exceed a predetermined upper limit acceleration.
  • the target position setting unit 101 may be configured so that when there is a person around the robot device 1, the upper limit acceleration is smaller than when there is no person around the robot device 1. Even with this aspect, even if a person comes into contact with the robot device 1 while the hand portion 4 of the robot device 1 moves along the target trajectory, the force received by the person after the contact can be satisfactorily relaxed. Become.
  • the torque calculation unit 103 of the target torque setting unit 105 includes a relational expression of feedback control including a proportional term obtained by multiplying the difference between the target position and the current position by the gains K px , K py , and K pz .
  • the tensile force Ft is calculated according to 1), and the gains K px , K py , and K pz are changed according to the target position of the hand portion 4 (step S700 in FIG. 7). This makes it possible to change the followability of the hand unit 4 to the target trajectory and the degree of increase of the pressing force Fp applied from the hand unit 4 or the like to the gripping object or the like after contact.
  • the gain K px , K py , and K pz are increased, the followability of the hand portion 4 to the target trajectory is improved, while after the contact between the hand portion 4 and the gripping target or between the gripping target and the mounting surface.
  • the increasing gradient of the pressing force Fp after the contact is increased.
  • the gains K px , K py , and K pz are reduced, the followability of the hand portion 4 to the target trajectory becomes gentle, but after the contact between the hand portion 4 and the gripping target or on the gripping target.
  • the increasing gradient of the pressing force Fp after contact with the mounting surface can be reduced.
  • the gains K px , K py , and K pz are made smaller than the previous values when the hand portion 4 approaches the gripping object or the mounting surface to some extent, the responsiveness of the robot device 1 is achieved. And safety can be further improved.
  • the gains K px , K py , and K pz may be changed according to the current position of the hand unit 4.
  • the torque calculation unit 103 of the target torque setting unit 105 calculates the joint torque Tj (i) for moving the hand unit 4 of the robot device 1 from the current position to the target position for each joint J1-J3. do. Further, the gravity compensating unit 104 of the target torque setting unit 105 calculates the gravity compensating torque Tc (i) required to maintain the posture of the robot arm 2 (robot device 1) for each of the joints J1-J3. Further, the target torque setting unit 105 is for relatively rotating the sum of the joint torque Tj (i) and the gravity compensation torque Tc (i) so that the two arms 3 and the like connected via the joint Ji are relatively rotated.
  • the target torque Ttag (i) is set (step S70 in FIG. 6 and step S770 in FIG. 7). This makes it possible to move the hand portion 4 of the robot device 1 by the plurality of hydraulic actuators M while suppressing the disturbance of the behavior of the robot arm 2 (robot device 1).
  • control device 100 corresponds to the target rigidity setting unit 106 that sets the target rigidity R (i) of each joint Ji based on at least the target position of the hand unit 4 of the robot device 1 and the current position of the robot device 1.
  • the contraction rate setting unit 107 that sets the contraction rates Cr1 (i) and Cr2 (i) of each hydraulic actuator M based on each joint angle ⁇ i, and the target torque Ttag (i) and the target rigidity R (i).
  • the contraction force calculation unit 108 that calculates the contraction forces Fc1 (i) and Fc2 (i) required for the plurality of (pair) hydraulic actuators M corresponding to the joint Ji, and the contraction rate Cr1 (i) from the target pressure setting map.
  • the pressure corresponding to the contraction force Fc1 (i) and the contraction rate Cr2 (i) and the pressure corresponding to the contraction force Fc2 (i) are derived and set to the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i).
  • a target pressure derivation unit 109 the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) are accurately set according to the requirements of each hydraulic actuator M as an artificial muscle, and the robot device 1 including the plurality of hydraulic actuators M is responsively stable. It becomes possible to operate.
  • the robot device 1 of the present disclosure includes a robot arm (robot body) 2 including a plurality of hydraulic actuators (artificial muscles) M that are operated by being supplied with hydraulic oil (fluid), and the plurality of robot devices 1.
  • a control device 100 for controlling is included.
  • the control device 100 Prior to the start of operation of the robot arm 2 (start of movement of the hand unit 4), the control device 100 has a pressing force Fp predetermined from the hand unit 4 to the gripping object or the like after the contact between the hand unit 4 or the like and the gripping object or the like. Is set for the target arrival position of the hand portion 4 to which is added (steps S1-S3 in FIG. 5). Further, the control device 100 is based on the difference between the target position forming the target trajectory from the initial position of the hand unit 4 (the position before contacting the gripping object or the like) to the target arrival position and the current position of the hand unit 4. The target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) of the hydraulic oil supplied to each hydraulic actuator M are set (step S80 in FIG.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic oil supplied to each hydraulic actuator M is the target pressure Ptag1 from before the hand portion 4 comes into contact with the gripping object or the like until the target position coincides with the target arrival position.
  • the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 of the liquid supply device 10 are controlled so as to be (i) and Ptag2 (i) (steps S90-S100 in FIG. 6).
  • the hand portion 4 or the like can be set.
  • the hand unit of the robot device 1 does not reduce the moving speed of the hand unit 4 when the robot device 1 or the like approaches the gripping object or the like to some extent, or detects contact between the hand unit 4 or the like and the gripping object or the like by a sensor.
  • the 4th magnitude and the gripping object can be brought into contact with each other.
  • each hydraulic actuator M is responsive to a request without using a sensor for detecting the hydraulic pressure supplied to each hydraulic actuator M as an artificial muscle. It is possible to operate it with high accuracy.
  • the hand portion 4 or the like of the robot device 1 including a plurality of hydraulic actuators as artificial muscles that operate by receiving the supply of hydraulic oil can be brought into contact with the gripping object or the like appropriately and promptly.
  • the target arrival position does not necessarily have to be set before the start of operation of the robot arm 2 (start of movement of the hand portion 4), and before the hand portion 4 and the gripping object or the like come into contact with each other. It may be set. That is, when the moving distance of the hand portion 4 is relatively long, the target arrival position may be set after the hand portion 4 is brought close to the gripping target to some extent by, for example, position control.
  • the control device 100 gradually changes the target position of the hand unit 4 to the target arrival position after the current position of the hand unit 4 does not change (steps S55 and S65 in FIG. 6). ..
  • the force applied to the gripping object or the like from the hand portion 4 after the contact between the hand portion 4 and the gripping object or the like can be made equal to or less than the pressing force Fp.
  • the target position while the current position of the hand unit 4 changes is the target arrival position and the hand unit according to the gripping target and the like.
  • a plurality of settings are made based on the target speed and the target acceleration of 4 (FIG. 5). This makes it possible to move the hand portion 4 smoothly and stably to the gripping target or the like.
  • the plurality of target positions may be set based on one of the target arrival position and the target speed and the target acceleration of the hand unit 4.
  • the control device 100 calculates the tensile force Ft for moving the hand portion 4 from the current position to the target position, and based on the tensile force Ft, the two arms (links) 3 and the like connected via the joint Ji, etc.
  • the target torque setting unit 105 for setting the target torque Ttag (i) for relatively rotating the target torque, and the target for setting the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) based on the target torque torque Ttag (i). Includes a pressure setting unit 110.
  • the target torque setting unit 105 (torque calculation unit 103) of the control device 100 calculates the tensile force Ft so as not to exceed a predetermined upper limit value Fu (Fu1 or Fu2), and at the same time, around the robot device 1.
  • the upper limit value Fu is made smaller than when there is no person around the robot device 1 (steps S720-S750 in FIG. 7).
  • the target torque setting unit 105 (torque calculation unit 103) is pulled according to the feedback control relational expression (1) including a proportional term obtained by multiplying the difference between the target position and the current position by the gains K px , K py , and K pz .
  • the force Ft is calculated, and the gains K px , K py , and K pz are changed according to the target position of the hand unit 4 (step S700 in FIG. 7). This makes it possible to change the followability of the hand unit 4 to the target trajectory and the degree of increase of the pressing force Fp applied from the hand unit 4 or the like to the gripping object or the like after contact.
  • the robot device 1 includes a plurality of joints Ji, a plurality of arms 3 as a plurality of links, and a support member 5, and the hydraulic actuator M includes two arms 3 and the like connected via the joints Ji.
  • the two arms 3 and the like constitute two hydraulic actuators M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 and a second artificial muscle AM2 arranged so as to antagonize the two hydraulic actuators M. It is rotated relative to the other two hydraulic actuators M. This makes it possible to rotate one of the two arms 3 and the like connected via the joint Ji by a plurality of paired hydraulic actuators M with high accuracy and responsiveness to the other.
  • the hydraulic actuator M of the above may be connected to an elastic body such as a spring or a rubber material arranged so as to antagonize the hydraulic actuator M.
  • first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 include a solenoid portion 15e, a spool 15s, a spring SP for urging the spool 15s, an input port 15i to which hydraulic oil is supplied, an output port 15o, and an output port 15o. It includes a feedback port 15f that communicates with the input port 15i and a drain port 15d that can communicate with the input port 15i and the output port 15o. Further, the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 are added to the spool 15s by the thrust generated by the solenoid portion 15e, the urging force of the spring SP, and the action of the hydraulic pressure supplied from the output port 15o to the feedback port 15f. The pressure of the hydraulic oil is adjusted by balancing the thrust.
  • At least one of the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 may be a normally open valve.
  • the normally open valve balances the thrust from the solenoid part and the thrust due to the hydraulic pressure supplied to the feedback port so as to act in the same direction as the thrust from the solenoid part with the urging force of the spring.
  • at least one of the linear solenoid valves 151-156 does not have a dedicated feedback port, and is configured so that the output pressure (driving pressure) acts on the spool as a feedback pressure inside the sleeve accommodating the spool. (For example, see JP-A-2020-41687).
  • At least one of the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 (for example, the maximum value of the required output (product of contraction force and contraction speed) is all hydraulic actuators M.
  • the linear solenoid valve (or on / off solenoid valve) that outputs the signal pressure according to the current supplied to the solenoid part and the one corresponding to the hydraulic actuator M, which is the largest in the above, operates according to the signal pressure. It may be replaced with a control valve that regulates the pressure of oil.
  • the control valve includes a spool arranged in the valve body, a spring for urging the spool, an input port, an output port, a feedback port, a signal pressure input port, and a drain port. It may be configured so that the output pressure (driving pressure) acts on the spool as a feedback pressure inside the spool.
  • At least one of the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 is a flow control valve in which the hydraulic pressure (hydraulic pressure) supplied to the corresponding hydraulic actuator M is controlled to be the target pressure. It may be replaced. Further, the original pressure generation valve 14 may be omitted from the liquid supply device 10. Further, an accumulator (accumulator) for storing the hydraulic pressure generated by the pump 13 may be provided in the liquid supply device 10. Further, the liquid supply device 10 may be configured to supply a liquid other than hydraulic oil such as water to the hydraulic actuator M. In addition, the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 may be omitted from the liquid supply device 10, and a pump as a hydraulic pressure adjusting device may be provided for each of the plurality of hydraulic actuators M.
  • the hydraulic actuator M as an artificial muscle includes a tube T to which hydraulic oil is supplied to the inside and contracts in the axial direction while expanding in the radial direction in response to an increase in the hydraulic pressure inside.
  • the hydraulic actuator M may include a tube that expands in the radial direction and contracts in the axial direction when the liquid is supplied.
  • an inner tubular member formed of an elastic body and an elastic body.
  • Axial fiber reinforced liquid containing an outer tubular member and a fiber layer arranged between the inner tubular member and the outer tubular member.
  • the hydraulic actuator M may be a liquid cylinder including a cylinder and a piston.
  • the artificial muscle of the robot device 1 may use a gas such as air as a working fluid.
  • the robot arm 2 of the robot device 1 may include a swing motor (for example, a swing motor that rotates the base (wrist portion) of the hand portion 4) as a hydraulic actuator (fluid actuator). That is, the robot arm 2 (robot body) may include at least one of a hydraulic actuator as an artificial muscle and a swing motor. Further, the robot arm 2 of the robot device 1 may include a fluid pressure cylinder such as an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder as a hydraulic actuator. Further, in the robot device 1, the tank 11 may be supported by a robot body such as a robot arm 2.
  • the robot device 1 may include only one joint, or may include only one or two hydraulic actuators M as artificial muscles. Further, the robot device 1 is not limited to those including a robot arm 2 having at least one hydraulic actuator M or the like and a hand portion 4, and the robot device 1 includes at least one hydraulic actuator, a tool such as a drill bit, or a switch or the like. An element other than the hand portion 4 such as a pressing member that presses the robot arm may include a robot arm attached to the hand. Further, the robot device 1 may be a walking robot, a wearable robot, or the like.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing another control device 100B applicable to the robot device 1.
  • the same elements as those of the control device 100 described above are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted.
  • the control device 100B shown in FIG. 11 is also constructed by at least one of hardware such as a computer CPU, ROM, and RAM, and software such as a control program installed in the computer. As shown in the figure, the control device 100B has a target position setting unit 101, a current position derivation unit 102, a target torque setting unit 105 (torque calculation unit 103 and a gravity compensation unit 104), and a target, similarly to the control device 100. The rigidity setting unit 106 and the valve drive unit 112 are included. Further, the control device 100B includes a contraction rate setting unit 107, a contraction force calculation unit 108, and a target pressure setting unit 110B including a target pressure derivation unit 109B different from that of the control device 100, and the control device 100. It includes a different current command value setting unit 111B, a volume estimation unit 118, and a flow rate estimation unit 119.
  • the contraction rate setting unit 107 of the target pressure setting unit 110B is the first artificial muscle corresponding to the joint Ji based on the joint angle ⁇ i of the joint Ji according to the current position of the hand unit 4 for each joint J1-J3.
  • the contraction rate Cr1 (i) of each hydraulic actuator M constituting AM1 and the contraction rate Cr2 (i) of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 corresponding to the joint Ji are set.
  • the contraction force calculation unit 108 of the target pressure setting unit 110B has a target torque Ttag (i) set by the target torque setting unit 105 and a target rigidity set by the target rigidity setting unit 106 for each joint J1-J3.
  • the target pressure derivation unit 109B has a target torque Ttag (2) indicating a force required for each hydraulic actuator M based on the contraction rates Cr1 (i) and Cr2 (i) and the contraction forces Fc1 (i) and Fc2 (i).
  • the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) according to i) are configured to be changed between when the tube T contracts in the axial direction and when the tube T expands in the axial direction.
  • the volume estimation unit 118 is set by the previous value of the target pressure Ptag1 (i) set (derived) by the target pressure setting unit 110 (target pressure derivation unit 109) and the contraction rate setting unit 107 for each joint J1-J3. Based on the contraction rate Cr1 (i), the volume V1 (i) of the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 corresponding to the joint Ji is estimated (derived). Further, the volume estimation unit 118 has the previous value of the target pressure Ptag2 (i) set (derived) by the target pressure setting unit 110 (target pressure derivation unit 109) and the contraction rate setting unit 107 for each of the joints J1-J3. Based on the contraction rate Cr2 (i) set by, the volume V2 (i) of the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 corresponding to the joint Ji is estimated (derived).
  • the flow rate estimation unit 119 is the first artificial muscle AM1 corresponding to the joint Ji based on the previous value and the current value of the volume V1 (i) estimated (derived) by the volume estimation unit 118 for each joint J1-J3.
  • the flow rate Q1 (i) of the hydraulic oil supplied to the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the above is estimated (calculated).
  • the flow rate estimation unit 119 is a second artificial muscle corresponding to the joint Ji based on the previous value and the current value of the volume V2 (i) estimated (derived) by the volume estimation unit 118 for each joint J1-J3.
  • the flow rate Q2 (i) of the hydraulic oil supplied to the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the muscle AM2 is estimated (calculated).
  • the current command value setting unit 111 is the first unit corresponding to the joint Ji based on the target pressure Ptag1 (i) set by the target pressure setting unit 110 and the flow rate Q1 (i) estimated by the flow rate estimation unit 119.
  • a current command value (target current) for the first linear solenoid valve 151 (solenoid portion 15e) for adjusting the hydraulic pressure to each hydraulic actuator M constituting the artificial muscle AM1 is set.
  • the current command value setting unit 111 corresponds to the joint Ji based on the target pressure Ptag2 (i) set by the target pressure setting unit 110 and the flow rate Q2 (i) estimated by the flow rate estimation unit 119.
  • a current command value (target current) is set for the second linear solenoid valve 152 (solenoid portion 15e) that adjusts the hydraulic pressure to each hydraulic actuator M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2.
  • control procedure of the robot device 1 by the control device 100B will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 17.
  • control procedure of the robot device 1 will be described by taking as an example a case where the hand portion 4 of the robot device 1 is moved to the gripping target and the hand portion 4 grips and transfers the gripping target.
  • the control device 100B Prior to the start of operation of the robot arm 2, the control device 100B executes the routine of FIG. 5 in the same manner as the control device 100 (before the start of movement of the hand unit 4) to reach the final target arrival position of the hand unit 4. (X r , y r , z r ) and the target trajectory of the hand unit 4 from the initial position to the target arrival position (x r , y r , z r ) are set. After setting the target arrival position and the target trajectory, the control device 100B repeatedly executes the robot arm control routine shown in FIG. 12 at predetermined time (for example, about 10 ms) in response to an execution instruction by the user.
  • the processing of steps S10-S70 in the robot arm control routine of FIG. 12 is the same processing as the processing of steps S10-S70 in the robot arm control routine of FIG.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for setting the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) by the target pressure setting unit 110B in step S80B.
  • the target pressure setting unit 110B first sets the variable i, that is, the joint number to the value 1 (step S801).
  • the contraction force calculation unit 108 of the target pressure setting unit 110B has the target torque Ttag (i) for the joint Ji set by the target torque setting unit 105 and the target rigidity of the joint Ji set by the target rigidity setting unit 106.
  • Acquire R (i) step S802.
  • the contraction rate setting unit 107 of the target pressure setting unit 110B acquires the current joint angle ⁇ i of the joint Ji detected by the corresponding joint angle sensor 7.
  • the contraction rate setting unit 107 of the target pressure setting unit 110B that has acquired the joint angle ⁇ i sets the contraction rate Cr1 (i) of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 corresponding to the joint Ji and the joint Ji.
  • the contraction rate Cr2 (i) of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the corresponding second artificial muscle AM2 is calculated (step S803).
  • the contraction rate setting unit 107 contracts based on the joint angle ⁇ i of the joint Ji, the specifications of the robot arm 2 (robot device 1) (dimensions of the arm 3 and the like), and the like, as in step S820.
  • the rates Cr1 (i) and Cr2 (i) are derived and set.
  • the contraction force calculation unit 108 of the target pressure setting unit 110B is the first artificial muscle corresponding to the joint Ji based on the target torque Ttag (i) acquired in step S802 and the target rigidity R (i) of the joint Ji.
  • the contraction force (tensile force) Fc1 (i) required for each hydraulic actuator M constituting the muscle AM1 and each hydraulic actuator M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 corresponding to the joint Ji are required.
  • the contraction force (tensile force) Fc2 (i) is calculated (step S804).
  • step S804 the contraction force calculation unit 108 solves the simultaneous equations for the target torque Ttag (i), the target rigidity R (i), the contraction force Fc1 (i), and the Fc2 (i) to obtain the target torque Ttag (
  • the contraction forces Fc1 (i) and Fc2 (i) corresponding to the target rigidity R (i) of i) and the joint Ji are calculated.
  • the target pressure derivation unit 109B of the target pressure setting unit 110B changes the contraction rate Cr1 (i) of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 corresponding to the joint Ji ⁇ Cr1.
  • (I) and the change amount ⁇ Cr2 (i) of the contraction rate Cr2 (i) of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 corresponding to the joint Ji are acquired (step S805).
  • the amount of change ⁇ Cr1 (i) is the difference between the current value and the previous value (current value-previous value) of the shrinkage rate Cr1 (i) calculated in step S803, that is, the calculation cycle of the shrinkage rate Cr1 (i), that is, FIG.
  • the change amount ⁇ Cr2 (i) is obtained by gradually increasing the difference (current value-previous value) between the current value and the previous value of the shrinkage rate Cr2 (i) calculated in step S803 in the execution cycle dt. It is a thing.
  • the change amounts ⁇ Cr1 (i) and ⁇ Cr2 (i) are calculated by the shrinkage rate setting unit 107, and the target pressure derivation unit 109B changes the change amounts ⁇ Cr1 (i) and ⁇ Cr2 (from the shrinkage rate setting unit 107). i) Get.
  • the target pressure derivation unit 109B is a map for setting the target pressure Ptag1 (i) based on the sign of the change amount ⁇ Cr1 (i), which is the first target pressure setting map and the figure shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG.
  • Select one of the target pressure setting maps step S806).
  • each hydraulic actuator M of the robot device 1 includes a tube T that expands in the radial direction and contracts in the axial direction in response to an increase in the pressure of the hydraulic oil inside.
  • each hydraulic actuator M has when the tube T contracts in the axial direction and when it expands in the axial direction (when it returns to the natural length side). It has a so-called hysteresis characteristic that the contraction force generated by and is different. That is, the hydraulic pressure supplied to the tube T that contracts in the axial direction (see the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 14) and the hydraulic pressure supplied to the tube T that extends in the axial direction (see the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 14) are the same.
  • the first and second target pressure setting maps are tested in advance as maps showing the static characteristics of the hydraulic actuator M for setting the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i). ⁇ Prepared after analysis.
  • the first target pressure setting map defines the relationship between the contraction rate of the tube T that contracts in the axial direction and the contraction force generated by the tube T for each hydraulic pressure supplied to the tube T of the hydraulic actuator M. There is (see the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 14).
  • the second target pressure setting map defines the relationship between the contraction rate of the tube T extending in the axial direction and the contraction force generated by the tube T for each hydraulic pressure supplied to the tube T of the hydraulic actuator M. (See the two-dot chain line in FIG. 14).
  • the first target pressure setting map considers the hysteresis characteristics of the fluid actuator M and sets the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) when the contraction rate and the contraction force are the same. It is created to be larger than the second target pressure setting map.
  • step S806 when the target pressure derivation unit 109B has a positive sign of the change amount ⁇ Cr1 (i), that is, when the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 is contracted.
  • the first target pressure setting map is selected and the sign of the change amount ⁇ Cr1 (i) is negative, that is, when the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 is extended, the first 2 Select the target pressure setting map.
  • step S806 in the target pressure derivation unit 109B, when the sign of the change amount ⁇ Cr2 (i) is positive, that is, the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 is contracted.
  • the first target pressure setting map is selected and the sign of the change amount ⁇ Cr2 (i) is negative, that is, when the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 is extended.
  • Select the second target pressure setting map when the target pressure derivation unit 109B has a positive sign of the change amount
  • the target pressure derivation unit 109B has a shrinkage rate Cr1 (i) calculated in step S803 from the first or second target pressure setting map selected according to the sign of the change amount ⁇ Cr1 (i) in step S804.
  • Target pressure Ptag1 (i) of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 corresponding to the joint Ji by deriving the pressure corresponding to the calculated contraction force Fc1 (i) while performing linear interpolation as appropriate.
  • the target pressure derivation unit 109B has the shrinkage rate Cr1 (i) calculated in step S803 from the first or second target pressure setting map selected according to the sign of the change amount ⁇ Cr2 (i).
  • the pressure corresponding to the contraction force Fc1 (i) calculated in step S804 is derived while performing linear interpolation as appropriate, and the target pressure of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 corresponding to the joint Ji Set to Ptag2 (i).
  • the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 are set to the pressures corresponding to the contraction rates Cr1 (i) and Cr2 (i) and the contraction forces Fc1 (i) and Fc2 (i) of the tube T while considering the above-mentioned hysteresis characteristics.
  • step S809: NO the target pressure setting unit 110B determines that the variable i is less than the value N + 1 (step S809: NO)
  • step S809 NO
  • step S809 determines that the variable i is the value N + 1 or more
  • step S809 YES
  • the control device 100B sets the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i), or partially in parallel with step S80B, for each joint J1-J3, the first artificial device 100B.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating the estimation procedure of the flow rates Q1 (i) and Q2 (i) in step S85.
  • the volume estimation unit 118 of the control device 100B first sets the variable i, that is, the joint number to the value 1 in order to estimate the flow rates Q1 (i) and Q2 (i) (step S851). ).
  • the volume estimation unit 118 has the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i), that is, the target, for the joint Ji set by the target pressure setting unit 110B at the time of the previous execution of the robot arm control routine of FIG.
  • the previous values of the pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) and the shrinkage rates Cr1 (i) and Cr2 (i) set by the shrinkage rate setting unit 107 in step S803 of FIG. 13 are acquired (step S852). .
  • the previous values of the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) are the current hydraulic pressure in the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 corresponding to the joint Ji, or the second artificial muscle. It is used to indicate the current hydraulic pressure in the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M constituting AM2.
  • the volume estimation unit 118 uses the volume estimation map illustrated in FIG. 16 to obtain the volume V1 (i) of the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1 corresponding to the joint Ji.
  • the volume V2 (i) of the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2 corresponding to the joint Ji is estimated (step S853).
  • the volume estimation map is experimentally and analyzed in advance so as to define the relationship between the pressure (internal pressure) of the hydraulic oil in the tube T and the volume of the tube T for each contraction rate of the tube T. It was created through.
  • step S853 the volume estimation unit 118 appropriately performs linear interpolation from the volume estimation map, and sets the volume corresponding to the previous value of the target pressure Ptag1 (i) and the shrinkage rate Cr1 (i) acquired in step S852 as the volume V1 ( Derived as i). Further, in step S853, the volume estimation unit 118 sets the volume corresponding to the previous value of the target pressure Ptag2 (i) and the shrinkage rate Cr2 (i) acquired in step S852 while performing linear interpolation as appropriate from the volume estimation map. It is derived as the volume V2 (i).
  • step S854 the flow rate estimation unit 119 estimates the current values of the volumes V1 (i) and V2 (i) estimated by the volume estimation unit 118 in step S853, and the volume estimation at the time of the previous execution of the robot arm control routine of FIG.
  • step S856 determines that the variable i is the value N + 1 or more (step S856: YES)
  • the flow rates of the hydraulic oil supplied to the tube T of each hydraulic actuator M Q1 (i), Q2 step S856: YES). i) The estimation is completed.
  • the control device 100B sets the current command value for the solenoid units 15e of the plurality of first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152, respectively, by using the current command value setting map illustrated in FIG. 17 (step). S90B).
  • the current command value setting map shows the flow rate of the hydraulic oil supplied to the tube T (Q1 (i), Q2 (i)) and the tube for each current value applied to the electromagnetic part 15e.
  • the current command value setting map becomes the same target pressure Ptag1 (i), Ptag2 (i) as the flow rate (Q1 (i), Q2 (i)) increases (as the flow rate changes from negative to positive). Created to increase the corresponding current value.
  • the current command value setting unit 111B has a current value corresponding to the target pressure Ptag1 (i) set in step S80B from the current command value setting map and the flow rate Q1 (i) estimated in step S85. Is derived while performing linear interpolation as appropriate, and is set to the current command value to each first linear solenoid valve 151 corresponding to each hydraulic actuator M constituting the first artificial muscle AM1. Further, in step S90B, the current command value setting unit 111B corresponds to the target pressure Ptag2 (i) set in step S80B from the current command value setting map and the flow rate Q2 (i) estimated in step S85.
  • the current value is derived while performing linear interpolation as appropriate, and is set to the current command value for each second linear solenoid valve 152 corresponding to each hydraulic actuator M constituting the second artificial muscle AM2.
  • the current command value derived by the current command value setting unit 111B is given to the valve drive unit 112 of the control device 100B, and the valve drive unit 112 has a plurality of first and second linear solenoids, respectively, based on the current command.
  • the valves 151 and 152 are controlled (PWM control) (step S100).
  • the current command value to the liquid supply device 10 according to the target torque Ttag (i) is easily and quickly set, and the first and second linears of the liquid supply device 10 are controlled based on the current command value.
  • Each of the solenoid valves 151 and 152 produces a hydraulic pressure corresponding to the corresponding target pressure Ptag1 (i) or Ptag2 (i).
  • the hydraulic oil regulated by each of the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 is supplied to the tube T of the corresponding hydraulic actuator M.
  • the flow rate control valve adjusts the flow rate of the hydraulic oil and supplies it into the tube T, or the hydraulic pressure supplied to the tube T is detected by the pressure sensor so that the actual hydraulic pressure matches the target pressure.
  • the hydraulic pressure supplied to each tube T within a short time from the setting of the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) is applied to the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i), as compared with the case of feedback control. It is possible to substantially match i) so that the actual shrinkage rate of each tube T can be made to follow the required value with good responsiveness and high accuracy.
  • step S100 the control device 100B temporarily terminates the routine of FIG. 12, and executes the process of step S10 and subsequent steps again according to the arrival of the next execution timing.
  • step S40 of FIG. 16 when it is determined by the torque calculation unit 103 that the current position of the hand unit 4 has not substantially changed from the previous position, it is determined after the current position does not substantially change.
  • the processes of steps S65 and S70-S100 are executed until the time elapses.
  • the control device 100B ends the routine shown in FIG. 12 and executes a hand control routine for causing the hand unit 4 to grip the gripping object. Then, when the gripping target is gripped by the hand unit 4 and the hand control routine is completed, the control device 100B re-executes the routine of FIG. 12 in order to convey the gripping target to the mounting position by the robot arm 2.
  • the control device 100B sets the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) of the hydraulic oil supplied to each hydraulic actuator M (step S80B in FIG. 12, FIG. 13), and the target pressure.
  • the current command value is set based on Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) and the flow rates Q1 (i) and Q2 (i) of the hydraulic oil supplied to each hydraulic actuator M (step S90B in FIG. 12).
  • Each of the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 is controlled based on the current command value (step S100 in FIG. 12).
  • each The hydraulic oil having a pressure corresponding to the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) can be supplied to the hydraulic actuator M. That is, according to the research and analysis by the present inventors, the current command value is set based on the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) and the flow rates Q1 (i) and Q2 (i).
  • the responsiveness of the operation of each hydraulic pressure actuator M Compared with the case where the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) are directly converted into the current command value without considering the flow rates Q1 (i) and Q2 (i), the responsiveness of the operation of each hydraulic pressure actuator M and It has been confirmed that the followability of the hydraulic pressure in each tube T to the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) can be improved.
  • the robot device 1 including the control device 100B it is possible to operate a plurality of hydraulic actuators M that are operated by receiving the supply of hydraulic oil with good responsiveness and high accuracy, and the robot arm 2 is responsive and stable. Can be activated.
  • each hydraulic actuator M of the robot device 1 includes a tube T to which hydraulic oil is supplied to the inside and contracts in the axial direction while expanding in the radial direction in response to an increase in internal pressure.
  • the flow rate estimation unit 119 of the control device 100B calculates the volume change amount (dV1 / dt, dV2 / dt) of the tube T as the flow rates Q1 (i) and Q2 (i) (steps S85 and 14 in FIG. 12).
  • the current command value setting unit 111B of the control device 100B has a current command value for each first linear solenoid valve 151 corresponding to the first artificial muscle AM1 based on the target pressure Ptag1 (i) and the flow rate Q1 (i).
  • the current command value for each second linear solenoid valve 152 corresponding to the second artificial muscle AM2 based on the target pressure Ptag2 (i) and the flow rate Q2 (i) (step S90B in FIG. 12).
  • the current command value is appropriately set according to the flow rates Q1 (i) and Q2 (i) of the hydraulic oil supplied to each hydraulic actuator M, and the first and second linear solenoid valves 151 and 152 are set. It is possible to accurately adjust the pressure of the hydraulic oil supplied to each hydraulic actuator M so as to be the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i).
  • control device 100B repeatedly executes the robot arm control routine of FIG. 12 at predetermined time (for example, about 10 ms) to set the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i). Further, the volume estimation unit 118 of the control device 100B is based on the previous values of the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) and the shrinkage rates Cr1 (i) and Cr2 (i) of the tube T this time. Volumes V1 (i) and V2 (i) are calculated (step S85 in FIG. 12, steps S852 and S853 in FIG. 15).
  • the flow rate estimation unit 119 of the control device 100B divides the difference between the current value and the previous value of the volumes V1 (i) and V2 (i) of the tube T by the predetermined time (execution cycle dt of the routine in FIG. 8). Then, the flow rates Q1 (i) and Q2 (i) are calculated (step S85 in FIG. 8 and step S854 in FIG. 15). This makes it possible to appropriately calculate the flow rates Q1 (i) and Q2 (i) of the hydraulic oil supplied to each hydraulic actuator M.
  • the target pressure setting unit 110B of the control device 100B sets the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) according to the target torque Ttag (i) indicating the force required for each hydraulic pressure actuator M by the tube T. It is changed between when it contracts in the axial direction and when the tube T expands in the axial direction (steps S805-S807 in FIG. 13). This makes it possible to satisfactorily suppress the deviation between the force (torque) output from each hydraulic actuator M and the required force (torque) due to the hysteresis characteristic.
  • the target pressure derivation unit 109B of the target pressure setting unit 110B has the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 based on the contraction rates Cr1 (i) and Cr2 (i) and the contraction forces Fc1 (i) and Fc2 (i). (I) is derived and set (step S807 in FIG. 13). Further, the target pressure derivation unit 109B of the hydraulic oil supplied to the tube T when the changes in the shrinkage rates Cr1 (i) and Cr2 (i) ⁇ Cr1 (i) and ⁇ Cr2 (i) are positive values.
  • a first target pressure setting map (first target pressure setting map) that defines the relationship between the contraction rates Cr1 (i) and Cr2 (i) of the tube T that contracts in the axial direction for each pressure and the contraction forces Fc1 (i) and Fc2 (i).
  • the target pressures Ptag1 (i) and Ptag2 (i) are set using the constraint) (steps S805-S807 in FIG. 13). Further, the target pressure derivation unit 109B contracts the tube T that extends axially according to the pressure of the hydraulic oil supplied to the tube T when the changes ⁇ Cr1 (i) and ⁇ Cr2 (i) are negative values.
  • the target pressure Ptag1 (i), using the second target pressure setting map (second constraint) that defines the relationship between the rates Cr1 (i), Cr2 (i) and the contraction forces Fc1 (i), Fc2 (i), Ptag2 (i) is set (steps S805-S807 in FIG. 13).
  • the contraction rate setting unit 107 of the tube T has contraction rates Cr1 (i) and Cr2 (i) based on the target angle of each joint Ji according to the target position of the hand unit 4 (robot device 1). ) May be set.
  • the robot apparatus includes a robot body (2) including at least one artificial muscle (M, AM1, AM2) that operates by receiving a fluid supply, and the artificial muscle. It is a robot device (1) including a fluid pressure adjusting device (151, 152) for adjusting the pressure of the fluid supplied to (M, AM1, AM2), and is a hand (4) of the robot main body (2).
  • the hand (4) and the target come into contact with each other at the target arrival position of the hand (4) to which a predetermined pressing force (Fp) is applied from the hand (4) to the target after the contact with the target.
  • Fp predetermined pressing force
  • the artificial The target pressures (Ptag1 (i), Ptag2 (i)) of the fluid supplied to the muscles (M, AM1, AM2) are set, and the target position is the target position before the hand (4) and the target come into contact with each other.
  • the fluid pressure is adjusted so that the pressure of the fluid supplied to the artificial muscles (M, AM1, AM2) becomes the target pressure (Ptag1 (i), Ptag2 (i)) until the target arrival position is matched.
  • the hand can be brought close to the target to some extent. It is possible to bring the hand of the robot device into contact with the target without reducing the moving speed or detecting the contact between the hand and the target by the sensor. Furthermore, by controlling the fluid pressure adjusting device based on the target pressure based on the difference between the target position according to the target arrival position and the current position of the hand, the artificial muscle is operated with high accuracy and responsiveness to the request. Is possible.
  • the hand of the robot body may be a part of the robot device (hand part or the like) or an object gripped by the part, and the target is the object or the mounting surface of the object or the like. It may be.
  • control device may set the target arrival position prior to the start of operation of the robot body (2).
  • the target arrival position does not necessarily have to be set before the start of operation of the robot body (start of movement of the hand), but may be set before the hand and the target come into contact with each other.
  • control device may gradually change the target position to the target arrival position after the current position of the hand (4) does not change.
  • the target position while the current position of the hand (4) changes is at least one of the target arrival position and the target speed and target acceleration of the hand (4) according to the target.
  • Multiple settings may be made based on the above.
  • the plurality of target positions may be set based on the target arrival position and either the target speed or the target acceleration of the hand.
  • control device sets the target position while limiting the target acceleration of the hand so as not to exceed a predetermined upper limit acceleration while the current position of the hand (4) changes. It may be set at predetermined time intervals.
  • control device determines whether or not the presence of a person is detected around the robot device (1), and the presence of a person is detected around the robot device (1).
  • the upper limit acceleration may be made smaller than in the case where the presence of a person is not detected around the robot device (1).
  • control device (100, 100B) calculates the tensile force (Ft) for moving the hand (4) from the current position to the target position, and also calculates the tensile force (Ft) based on the tensile force (Ft).
  • the target torque setting unit (103) calculates the tensile force (Ft) so as not to exceed a predetermined upper limit value (Fu), and when there is a person around the robot device (1).
  • the upper limit value (Fr) may be made smaller than when there is no person around the robot device (1).
  • the target torque setting unit (103) is pulled according to a feedback control relational expression including a proportional term obtained by multiplying the difference between the target position and the current position by a gain (gain K px , K py , K pz ).
  • the gain (gain K px , K py , K pz ) of the proportional term may be changed according to the target position or the current position of the hand (4). ..
  • the hydraulic pressure adjusting device (151, 152) may be one that adjusts the pressure of the liquid supplied to the artificial muscles (M, AM1, AM2) by receiving the supply of current, and the control may be performed.
  • the device (100B) has a target pressure (Ptag1 (i), Ptag2 (i)) and a flow rate of the liquid supplied to the artificial muscles (M, AM1, AM2) (Q1 (i), Q2 (i). )
  • the current command value may be set, and the hydraulic pressure adjusting device (151, 152) may be controlled based on the current command value.
  • the artificial muscle (M) includes a tube (T) to which the liquid is supplied to the inside and contracts in the axial direction while expanding in the radial direction in response to an increase in the pressure inside the artificial muscle (M). good.
  • the tube (T) applies the target pressures (Ptag1 (i), Ptag2 (i)) according to the force required for the artificial muscles (M, AM1, AM2). It may be changed between when the tube (T) contracts in the axial direction and when the tube (T) expands in the axial direction.
  • the fluid pressure adjusting device includes an electromagnetic part (15e), a spool (15s), a spring (SP) for urging the spool (15s), an input port (15i) to which the fluid is supplied, and an output port (15o). ), A feedback port (15f) communicating with the output port (15o), and a solenoid valve (151, 152) including a drain port (15d) capable of communicating with the input port (15i) and the output port (15o).
  • the solenoid valve (151, 152) may be the thrust generated by the solenoid portion (15e), the urging force of the spring (SP), and the feedback port (15f) from the output port (15o). ),
  • the pressure of the fluid may be adjusted by balancing the thrust applied to the spool (15s) by the action of the fluid pressure supplied to the spool (15s).
  • the robot body (2) may include at least one joint (J1, J2, J3, Ji) and a plurality of links (3, 5), and the artificial muscle (M, AM1) may be included.
  • AM2 may relatively rotate the two links (3, 5) connected via the joints (J1, J2, J3, Ji).
  • the two links (3, 5) may be relatively rotated by a pair of artificial muscles (M, AM1, AM2) arranged so as to antagonize each other.
  • the robot body (2) may be a robot arm (2) having at least one artificial muscle (M, AM1, AM2) and a hand portion (4).
  • the control method of the robot device includes a robot body (2) including at least one artificial muscle (M, AM1, AM2) that operates by receiving a fluid supply, and the artificial muscle (M, AM1). , AM2), the control method of the robot device (1) including the fluid pressure adjusting device (151, 152) for adjusting the pressure of the fluid, and the hand (4) of the robot main body (2).
  • the artificial muscle The target pressures (Ptag1 (i), Ptag2 (i)) of the fluid supplied to (M, AM1, AM2) are set, and the target position is the target before the hand (4) and the target come into contact with each other.
  • the fluid pressure adjusting device so that the pressure of the fluid supplied to the artificial muscles (M, AM1, AM2) becomes the target pressure (Ptag1 (i), Ptag2 (i)) until the arrival position is matched. It controls (151, 152).
  • the invention of the present disclosure can be used in the manufacturing industry of robot devices including artificial muscles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
PCT/JP2021/033571 2020-09-14 2021-09-13 ロボット装置およびその制御方法 WO2022054947A1 (ja)

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JPH0161713U (zh) * 1987-10-08 1989-04-19
JPH01257583A (ja) * 1988-04-04 1989-10-13 Bridgestone Corp ロボットの制御装置
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JP2006018791A (ja) * 2004-06-04 2006-01-19 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 弾性体アクチュエータ駆動型可動機構の制御装置及び制御方法
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114789444A (zh) * 2022-05-05 2022-07-26 山东省人工智能研究院 一种基于深度强化学习和阻抗控制的柔顺人机接触方法

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