WO2022051984A1 - 吡非尼酮的合成方法 - Google Patents

吡非尼酮的合成方法 Download PDF

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WO2022051984A1
WO2022051984A1 PCT/CN2020/114479 CN2020114479W WO2022051984A1 WO 2022051984 A1 WO2022051984 A1 WO 2022051984A1 CN 2020114479 W CN2020114479 W CN 2020114479W WO 2022051984 A1 WO2022051984 A1 WO 2022051984A1
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methyl
pirfenidone
mmol
formula
pyridone
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PCT/CN2020/114479
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French (fr)
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周丽华
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苏州富德兆丰生化科技有限公司
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Priority to US17/434,820 priority Critical patent/US20220251042A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/114479 priority patent/WO2022051984A1/zh
Publication of WO2022051984A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022051984A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/62Oxygen or sulfur atoms
    • C07D213/63One oxygen atom
    • C07D213/64One oxygen atom attached in position 2 or 6
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/22Organic complexes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D249/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D249/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
    • C07D249/081,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a catalytic system composed of 5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2-pyridone and halogenated benzene (chlorobenzene, bromobenzene or iodobenzene) as raw materials, in copper salt and organic ligands
  • halogenated benzene chlorobenzene, bromobenzene or iodobenzene
  • a process for synthesizing pirfenidone (1) in the presence of a base Compared with 5-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one, 5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2-pyridone is more readily available and less expensive.
  • the process also takes advantage of the high efficiency of a catalytic system consisting of copper(1) salts and organic ligands in the coupling of 5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2-pyridone and halobenzene.
  • copper-catalyzed air oxidation can efficiently convert the structure of 3,4-dihydro-2-pyridone to pyridin-2(1H)-one, enabling the practical synthesis of pirfenidone.
  • Pirfenidone whose chemical name is 5-methyl-1-phenylpyridin-2(1H)-one, is represented by formula (1).
  • Pirfenidone is a drug used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Has anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory activity, prevents collagen production and fibroblast proliferation.
  • Patent DE2362958 discloses an arylation step for the synthesis of pirfenidone from intermediate (3) with iodobenzene, copper powder and inorganic base at reflux temperature in the absence of solvent.
  • Patent CN1817862 discloses that CuCl promotes the pure reaction of (3) and iodobenzene in the presence of potassium carbonate at reflux temperature.
  • WO2003014087 reports the synthesis of (1) by reacting intermediate (3) with bromobenzene at elevated temperature in the presence of potassium carbonate and cuprous oxide.
  • WO201772216 reports the synthesis of intermediate (3) and a catalytic system consisting of copper salts and organic ligands by reacting intermediate (3) with chlorobenzene at elevated temperature in the presence of potassium carbonate (1).
  • 5-Methylpyridin-2(1H)-one is usually prepared from 5-methylpyridin-2-amine or 2-methoxy-5-methylpyridine, both of which require transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions , resulting in a higher total synthesis cost of pirfenidone.
  • room temperature means a temperature from about 15°C to 35°C, preferably a temperature from about 20°C to 30°C, more preferably 25°C.
  • alkyl refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • Representative examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl base, n-hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n- Octyl, n-nonyl and n-decyl.
  • aryl refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic ring system in which one or more of the fused rings is aromatic.
  • Representative examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, anthracenyl, fluoroalkenyl, indolyl, indolyl, naphthyl, and phenyl.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing pirfenidone of formula (1),
  • X is selected from Cl, Br and I.
  • the above-mentioned process can be carried out by separating the intermediate compound, and preferably, the process does not separate the intermediate compound, and most preferably, the above-mentioned process is carried out as a one-pot reaction, that is, it is not necessary to separate the intermediate compound, but directly. Complete conversion to pirfenidone.
  • the present application is based on the discovery of a new, alternative method for the synthesis of pirfenidone of formula (1).
  • the synthetic method described herein enables cost-effective preparation of pirfenidone by using inexpensive and readily available starting materials, novel catalyst systems, and reducing production time and cost.
  • the invention provides a short-step method for the low-cost production of pirfenidone. To achieve a strategy based on cheap, readily available starting materials, step economy, and overall high efficiency, novel reactions are relied on at each synthetic step to build up significant molecular complexity.
  • the first step is copper-catalyzed CN coupling.
  • the base is any organic and inorganic base selected from TEA, DBU, DIPEA, KOH , K2CO3 , NaOH , Na2CO3 , Cs2CO3 , CsOH , K3PO4 , K2HPO4 , Na 3 PO 4 and Na 2 HPO 4 .
  • the copper catalyst is selected from CuI, CuCl, CuBr, Cu2O, Cu(acac) 2 , CuCl2, CuBr2 , CuI2 , Cu(OAc) 2 , Cu(OTf )2 , Cu ( ClO4 ) 2 and CuSO 4 .
  • the ligand is selected from compounds of formula (7),
  • R is any alkyl and substituted/unsubstituted aryl.
  • R is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and tert-butyl; and substituted/unsubstituted anthracenyl, indenyl, naphthyl and phenyl.
  • the second step in the synthesis is the oxidation of 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one (6) to pirfenidone (1) in the presence of a copper catalyst and an oxidizing reagent .
  • the copper catalyst is selected from any copper salt and its complexes such as CuI, CuCl, CuBr, Cu2O, Cu(acac) 2 , CuCl2, CuBr2 , CuI2 , Cu ( OAc )2 , Cu(OTf ) 2 , Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 and CuSO 4 .
  • Oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxide, inorganic persulfate and inorganic peroxymonosulfate are selected as oxidizing reagents.
  • the overall synthesis of pirfenidone from 5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2-pyridone (4) is accomplished in a one-pot reaction of the same catalytic system (copper salt and ligand). , complete these two steps in a single reaction vessel:
  • the present invention utilizes the compound of formula (7) in the coupling reaction of C-N bond for the first time.
  • the compound of formula (7) is easy to prepare, exhibits excellent selectivity and reaction efficiency in the coupling reaction of C-N bond, and is suitable for a wide range of substrates with different substituents
  • reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic mixture was dried over MgSO4 , filtered and concentrated to give a crude product in vacuo, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate and n-hexane was added to the resulting solution; the mixture was slowly cooled to 5°C while stirring, and stirred at 5°C for 1 hour. The suspension was filtered under vacuum and the resulting solid was washed with n-hexane and dried; crude pirfenidone (1) was obtained with a purity of over 95%. The beige solid was dissolved in hot water and stirred in the presence of activated carbon for 1 hour.
  • the activated carbon is filtered out and washed with hot water.
  • the resulting solution was slowly cooled to room temperature, then stirred at that temperature for 1 hour, cooled to 5°C, and stirred for 1 hour.
  • the resulting off-white solid was filtered under vacuum, washed with cold water and dried.
  • the molar yield from 5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2-pyridone (4) to pirfenidone (1) was 71%.
  • reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL) and water (100 mL). The organic mixture was dried over MgSO4 , filtered and concentrated to give a crude product in vacuo, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate and n-hexane was added to the resulting solution; the mixture was slowly cooled to 5°C while stirring, and stirred at 5°C for 1 hour. The suspension was filtered under vacuum, and the resulting solid was washed with n-hexane and dried; crude pirfenidone (1) was obtained with a purity of over 95%. The beige solid was dissolved in hot water and stirred in the presence of activated carbon for 1 hour.
  • the activated carbon is filtered out and washed with hot water.
  • the resulting solution was slowly cooled to room temperature, then stirred at that temperature for 1 hour, cooled to 5°C, and stirred for 1 hour.
  • the resulting white solid was filtered under vacuum, washed with cold water and dried.
  • the molar yield from 5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2-pyridone (4) to pirfenidone (1) was 72%.
  • Pirfenidone (1) obtained from the above examples has the following characteristics:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Pyridine Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种以5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮和卤代苯(氯苯、溴苯或碘苯)为原料,在铜盐和有机配体组成的催化体系存在下,在碱存在下合成吡非尼酮(1)的工艺。与5-甲基吡啶-2(1H)-酮相比,5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮更容易获得,成本更低。该工艺还利用了由铜(1)盐和有机配体组成的催化体系在5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮和卤代苯偶联中的高效率。

Description

吡非尼酮的合成方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种以5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮和卤代苯(氯苯、溴苯或碘苯)为原料,在铜盐和有机配体组成的催化体系存在下,在碱存在下合成吡非尼酮(1)的工艺。与5-甲基吡啶-2(1H)-酮相比,5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮更容易获得,成本更低。该工艺还利用了由铜(1)盐和有机配体组成的催化体系在5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮和卤代苯偶联中的高效率。此外,铜催化的空气氧化还能有效地将3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮的结构转化为吡啶-2(1H)-酮,从而实现吡非尼酮的实际合成。
背景技术
吡非尼酮,化学名称为5-甲基-1-苯基吡啶-2(1H)-酮,用公式(1)表示。
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000001
吡非尼酮是治疗特发性肺纤维化的药物。具有抗纤维化和抗炎活性,防止胶原生成和成纤维细胞增殖。
吡非尼酮的合成已在多篇文献中进行了描述,许多例子依赖5-甲基吡啶-2-胺(2)制备5-甲基吡啶-2(1H)-酮(3),后者可通过芳基化转化为吡非尼酮。
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000002
专利DE2362958公开了在回流温度下,在没有溶剂的情况下,用碘苯、铜粉和无机碱从中间体(3)合成吡非尼酮的芳基化步骤。
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000003
专利CNl817862公开了在回流温度下,CuCl在碳酸钾存在下促进(3)和碘苯的纯反应。
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000004
W02003014087报道了在碳酸钾和氧化亚铜存在下,在高温下,中间体(3)与溴苯反应合成(1)。
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000005
在专利CNl01891676中,在溴苯回流温度下,在CuBr和碳酸钾存在下,(3)与溴苯之间的反应是在没有额外溶剂的情况下进行的。
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000006
WO201772216报道了在碳酸钾存在下,通过在高温下与氯苯反应中间体(3)和由铜盐和有机配体组成的催化体系合成(1)。
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000007
上述吡非尼酮的合成路线均涉及5-甲基吡啶-2(1H)-酮与卤代苯的偶联反应。5-甲基吡啶-2(1H)-酮通常是由5-甲基吡啶-2-胺或2-甲氧基-5-甲基吡啶制备的,两者合成都需要过渡金属催化偶联反应,导致吡非尼酮的总合成成本较高。
因此,仍有必要改进这种工艺,并开发一种高效、简单和工业上可行的合成路线,以克服现有技术的缺点。
为了克服与现有技术相关的问题,本文描述了一种新的改进工艺,该工艺使用更便宜的试剂提供了更高的产率。
定义
以下定义与本申请有关,除非另有说明。
“室温”一词是指温度从大约15℃到35℃,最好是温度从大约20℃到30℃,更好是25℃。
“烷基”一词是指含有1至12个碳原子的直链或支链烃。烷基的代表性例子包括但不限于甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、秒丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、3-甲基己基、2,2-二甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基戊基、正庚基、正辛基、正辛基、正壬基和正癸基。
“芳基”一词是指单环体系或多环体系,其中一个或多个熔融环是芳香的。芳基的代表性例子包括但不限于蒽基、氟烯基、吲哚基、吲哚基、萘基和苯基。
缩写
ppy        2-苯基吡啶
bpy        2,2’-联吡啶
bpz        双吡唑
Dtbbpy     4,4-二叔丁基-2,2’-联吡啶
TBHP       叔丁基过氧化氢
发明内容
在一个方面,本发明提供一种制备式(1)的吡非尼酮的方法,
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000008
其步骤包括:
(a)在碱、铜催化剂和配体存在下5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(4)和卤代苯(5)反应形成5-甲基-1-苯基-3,4-二氢吡啶-2(1H)-酮(6),
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000009
其中X选自Cl、Br和I。
(b)5-甲基-1-苯基-3,4-二氢吡啶-2(1H)-酮(6)在铜催化剂和氧化剂存在下氧化为吡非尼酮(1)。
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000010
上述过程可以是通过分离中间化合物来进行的,也优选地,所述过程在没有分离中间化合物,最优选的是,上述过程是作为一锅反应进行的,即不需要分离中间化合物,而是直接完成对吡非尼酮的整个转化。
本应用是基于一种新的、替代的合成式(1)的吡非尼酮的方法的发现。本文所述的合成方法通过使用廉价易得的原料,新的催化剂体系,减少生产时间和成本,使吡非尼酮的制备具有成本效益。
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000011
该发明为吡非尼酮的低成本生产提供了一种步骤简短的方法。 为了实现一种基于廉价、易于获得的原料、步骤经济和整体高效的策略,在每个合成步骤上都依赖于新的反应来建立显著的分子复杂性。
在第一个方面,提供了如下所述的合成方法:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000012
在碱、铜催化剂和配体存在下,5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(4)和卤代苯(5)偶联形成5-甲基-1-苯基-3,4-二氢吡啶-2(1H)-酮(6)。所述卤代苯选自氯苯、溴苯和碘苯。
第一步是铜催化的C-N偶联。所述碱是任何有机和无机碱,选自TEA、DBU、DIPEA、KOH、K 2CO 3、NaOH、Na 2CO 3、Cs 2CO 3、CsOH、K 3PO 4、K 2HPO 4、Na 3PO 4以及Na 2HPO 4。所述铜催化剂选自CuI、CuCl、CuBr、Cu 2O、Cu(acac) 2、CuCl 2、CuBr 2、CuI 2、Cu(OAc) 2、Cu(OTf) 2、Cu(ClO 4) 2和CuSO 4。所述配体选自式(7)的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000013
其中R是任何烷基和取代/未取代的芳基。优选地,R选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基和叔丁基;以及取代/非取代蒽基、茚基、萘基和苯基。式(7)的一些实例如下(L1-L10):
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000014
通过醛、草酰肼和乙酸氨的反应可以制备式(7)的化合物,如以下方案所示:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000015
合成的第二步是5-甲基-1-苯基-3,4-二氢吡啶-2(1H)-酮(6)在铜催化剂和氧化试剂存在下氧化为吡非尼酮(1)。铜催化剂是从任何铜盐及其配合物中选择的,例如CuI、CuCl、CuBr、Cu 2O、Cu(acac) 2、CuCl 2、CuBr 2、CuI 2、Cu(OAc) 2、Cu(OTf) 2、Cu(ClO 4) 2和CuSO 4。氧化试剂选用氧气、过氧化氢、有机过氧化物、无机过硫酸盐和无机过氧单硫酸盐。
较佳地,从5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(4)合成吡非尼酮的总合成是在同一催化体系(铜盐和配体)一锅反应中完成的,在一个单一的反应容器中完成这两个步骤:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000016
首先,在含有5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(4)和卤代苯(5)的混合物中加入碱、铜催化剂和配体。在5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(4)和卤苯(5)偶联反应完成后,在同一反应容器中加入氧化试剂。同一铜催化剂应促进中间体(6)氧化为吡非尼酮(1)。这样就不需要分离中间体(6),并且节约了一个步骤,这意味着较少的技术操作和化学投入。其次,本发明系首次将式(7)的化合物利用于C-N键的偶联反应中。式(7)的化合物制备方便,在C-N键的偶联反应中表现出了优异的选择性和反应效率,并且适用于很广范围的、具有不同取代基的底物
具体实施方式
如下图所示,吡非尼酮的例子合成是在同一催化体系(铜盐和配体)的一锅反应中完成的,在一个单一的反应容器中促进了这两个步骤:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000017
下面的例子提供了适用于根据本发明制备吡非尼酮的详细实验参数,其目的是为了说明而不是限制。
除非另有说明,所有材料、溶剂和试剂,包括DMF和DMSO等无水溶剂,都是从商业供应商那里获得的,等级最好,无需进一步净化即可使用。所有涉及空气或水分敏感化合物的反应都是在氮气或氩气气氛下进行的,除非另有说明。5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(4)是根据J.Org.Chem.1991,56,2024-2030.中描述的程序制备的。
1H(400MHz)和 13C NMR(100MHz)数据使用CDCl 3或者DMSO-D 6作为溶剂在Bruker AVANCEⅡ400MHz上获得。化学位移(δ)以ppm为单位,耦合常数(J)以Hz为单位。 1H NMR谱以四甲基硅烷(δ=0.00ppm)为内部参照记录; 13C NMR谱用CDCl 3(δ=77.00p pm)或DMSO-D 6(δ=39.5ppm)作为内部参照记录。
合成L1:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000018
向环己烷醛(11.2g,100mmol)、草酰肼(6.5g,55mmol)和乙酸氨(8.5g,110mmol)的甲醇(200mL)溶液中加入碘(2.5g,10mmol)。反应混合物回流20h后再过滤。所得固体用甲醇(50mL)和乙醚(50mL)洗涤三次,然后在真空下干燥,得到所需的L1为黄色固体。产量:12g,80%。 1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ11.12(brs,2H),2.69-2.75(m,2H),1.61-1.86(m,8H),1.33-1.63(m,12H)。 13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl 3)δ163.5,159.3,39.5,33.0,26.1,26.4。ESI-TOF-HRMS计算 C 16H 24N 6Na(M+Na)323.1960分子量,测得323.1924。
合成L5:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000019
向2-苯乙醛(12g,100mmol)、草酰肼(6.5g,55mmol)和乙酸氨(8.5g,110mmol)的甲醇(200mL)溶液中加入碘(2.5g,10mmol)。反应混合物回流20h后再过滤。所得固体用甲醇(50mL)和乙醚(50mL)洗涤三次,然后在真空下干燥,得到所需的L1为黄色固体。产量:12g,80%。 1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ11.12(brs,2H),7.26-7.30(m,4H),7.18-7.25(m,6H),4.02(s,4H)。 13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl 3)δ163.5,159.6,136.5,129.1,128.6,125.5,34.2。ESI-TOF-HRMS计算C 18H 16N 6Na(M+Na)339.1329分子量,测得339.1313。
L6的合成:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000020
向苯甲醛(10.6g,100mmol)、草酰肼(6.5g,55mmol)和乙酸氨(8.5g,110mmol)的甲醇(200mL)溶液中加入碘(2.5g,10mmol)。反应混合物回流18h后再过滤。所得固体用甲醇(50mL)和乙醚(50mL)洗涤三次,然后在真空下干燥,得到所需的L6为黄色固体。产量:11克,77%。 1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ11.12(brs,2H),85-89(m,4h),7.43-7.51(m,6h)。 13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl 3)δ163.5,157.6,132.5,131.1,129.2,127.5。ESI-TOF-HRMS计算C 16H 12N 6Na(M+Na)311.1021分子量,测得311.1003。
L7的合成:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000021
向2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醛(14.8g,100mmol)、草酰肼(6.5g,55mmol)和乙酸氨(8.5g,110mmol)的甲醇(200mL)溶液中加入碘(2.5g,10mmol)。反应混合物回流24h后再过滤。所得固体用甲醇(50mL)和乙醚(50mL)洗涤三次,然后在真空下干燥,得到所需的L7为黄色固体。产量:12克,65%。 1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ11.12(brs,2H),7.01(s,4H),2.57(s,12H),2.48(s,6H)。 13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl 3)δ163.5,157.6,138.2,136.1,128.2,122.5,21.9,19.3。ESI-TOF-HRMS计算C 22H 24N 6Na(M+Na)395.1960分子量,测得395.1932。
用碘苯、O 2和L1合成吡非尼酮:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000022
向5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(11.1g,100mmol),碘苯(22.4克,110mmol)和K 3PO 4(23.3g,110mmol)的DMF(100mL)溶液中加入CuI(1.9g,10mmol)和L1(3g,10mmol)。反应混合物在100℃下搅拌10h,然后通入氧气。然后将反应混合物在100℃下搅拌8h,O 2压力保持在1atm。最后,将反应混合物冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯(300mL)和水(100mL)进行萃取分离。有机混合物在MgSO 4上干燥过滤并浓缩,在真空中得到一个粗产品,将该产品溶解在乙酸乙酯中,并将正己烷加入到得到的溶液中;混合物在搅拌时缓慢冷却至5℃,并在5℃下搅拌1小时。悬浮液在真空下过滤,所得固体用正己烷洗涤并干燥;得到纯度超过95%的粗吡非尼酮(1)。将米黄色固体溶于热水中搅拌,在活性炭存在下搅拌1小时。活性炭过滤出来,用热水清洗。将得到的溶液缓慢冷却至室温,然后在该温度下搅拌1小时,冷却至5℃,搅拌1小时。所得的白色固体在真空下过滤,用冷水洗涤,干燥。从5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(4)到吡非尼酮(1)的摩尔收率为78%。
用碘苯、O 2和L5合成吡非尼酮:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000023
向5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(11.1g,100mmol),碘苯(22.4克,110mmol)和K 3PO 4(23.3g,110mmol)的DMF(100mL)溶液中加入CuI(1.9g, 10mmol)和L5(3.1g,10mmol)。反应混合物在100℃下搅拌11h,然后通入氧气。然后将反应混合物在100℃下搅拌8h,O 2压力保持在1atm。最后,将反应混合物冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯(300mL)和水(100mL)进行萃取分离。有机混合物在MgSO 4上干燥过滤并浓缩,在真空中得到一个粗产品,将该产品溶解在乙酸乙酯中,并将正己烷加入到得到的溶液中;混合物在搅拌时缓慢冷却至5℃,并在5℃下搅拌1小时。悬浮液在真空下过滤,所得固体用正己烷洗涤并干燥;得到纯度超过95%的粗吡非尼酮(1)。将米黄色固体溶于热水中搅拌,在活性炭存在下搅拌1小时。活性炭过滤出来,用热水清洗。将得到的溶液缓慢冷却至室温,然后在该温度下搅拌1小时,冷却至5℃,搅拌1小时。所得的灰白色固体在真空下过滤,用冷水洗涤,干燥。从5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(4)到吡非尼酮(1)的摩尔收率为75%。
用溴苯、H 2O 2和L6合成吡非尼酮:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000024
向5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(11.1g,100mmol),溴苯(17.2g,110mmol)和K 2CO 3(15.2g,110mmol)的DMSO(100mL)溶液中加入Cu(OTF) 2(3.6g,10mmol)和L6(2.9g,10mmol)。反应混合物在110℃下搅拌9h,然后加入20mL 35%H 2O 2水溶液。然后将反应混合物在80℃ 下搅拌8h。最后,将反应混合物冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯(300mL)和水(100mL)进行萃取分离。有机混合物在MgSO 4上干燥过滤并浓缩,在真空中得到一个粗产品,将该产品溶解在乙酸乙酯中,并将正己烷加入到得到的溶液中;混合物在搅拌时缓慢冷却至5℃,并在5℃下搅拌1小时。悬浮液在真空下过滤,所得固体用正己烷洗涤并干燥;得到纯度超过95%的粗吡非尼酮(1)。将米黄色固体溶于热水中搅拌,在活性炭存在下搅拌1小时。活性炭过滤出来,用热水清洗。将得到的溶液缓慢冷却至室温,然后在该温度下搅拌1小时,冷却至5℃,搅拌1小时。所得的灰白色固体在真空下过滤,用冷水洗涤,干燥。从5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(4)到吡非尼酮(1)的摩尔收率为71%。
用溴苯、TBHP和L6合成吡非尼酮:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000025
向5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(11.1g,100mmol),溴苯(17.2g,110mmol)和Cs 2CO 3(35.8g,110mmol)的DMSO(100mL)溶液中加入Cu(acac) 2(2.6g,10mmol)和L6(2.9g,10mmol)。反应混合物在110℃下搅拌10h,然后加入TBHP(9.9g,110mmol)。然后将反应混合物在80℃下搅拌8h。最后,将反应混合物冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯(300mL)和水(100mL)进行萃取分离。有机混合物在MgSO 4上干燥过滤并浓缩,在 真空中得到一个粗产品,将该产品溶解在乙酸乙酯中,并将正己烷加入到得到的溶液中;混合物在搅拌时缓慢冷却至5℃,并在5℃下搅拌1小时。悬浮液在真空下过滤,所得固体用正己烷洗涤并干燥;得到纯度超过95%的粗吡非尼酮(1)。将米黄色固体溶于热水中搅拌,在活性炭存在下搅拌1小时。活性炭过滤出来,用热水清洗。将得到的溶液缓慢冷却至室温,然后在该温度下搅拌1小时,冷却至5℃,搅拌1小时。所得的白色固体在真空下过滤,用冷水洗涤,干燥。从5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(4)到吡非尼酮(1)的摩尔收率为72%。
用氯苯、KHSO 5和L7合成吡非尼酮:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000026
向5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(11.1g,100mmol),氯苯(12.4g,110mmol)和K 2CO 3(15.2g,110mmol)的CH 3CN(100mL)溶液中加入CuCl(1.0g,10mmol)和L7(3.7g,10mmol)。反应混合物在100℃下搅拌10h,然后加入KHSO 5(16.7g,110mmol)。然后将反应混合物在90℃下搅拌8h。最后,将反应混合物冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯(300mL)和水(100mL)进行萃取分离。有机混合物在MgSO 4上干燥过滤并浓缩,在真空中得到一个粗产品,将该产品溶解在乙酸乙酯中,并将正己烷加入到得到的溶液中;混合物在搅拌时缓慢冷却至5℃,并在5℃下搅拌 1小时。悬浮液在真空下过滤,所得固体用正己烷洗涤并干燥;得到纯度超过95%的粗吡非尼酮(1)。将米黄色固体溶于热水中搅拌,在活性炭存在下搅拌1小时。活性炭过滤出来,用热水清洗。将得到的溶液缓慢冷却至室温,然后在该温度下搅拌1小时,冷却至5℃,搅拌1小时。所得的白色固体在真空下过滤,用冷水洗涤,干燥。从5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(4)到吡非尼酮(1)的摩尔收率为70%。
用氯苯、Na 2S 2O 8和L7合成吡非尼酮:
Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-000027
向5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(11.1g,100mmol),氯苯(12.4g,110mmol)和K 2CO 3(15.2g,110mmol)的DMF(100mL)溶液中加入CuCl(1.0g,10mmol)和L7(3.7g,10mmol)。反应混合物在100℃下搅拌9h,然后加入Na 2S 2O 8(26.2g,110mmol)。然后将反应混合物在90℃下搅拌7h。最后,将反应混合物冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯(300mL)和水(100mL)进行萃取分离。有机混合物在MgSO 4上干燥过滤并浓缩,在真空中得到一个粗产品,将该产品溶解在乙酸乙酯中,并将正己烷加入到得到的溶液中;混合物在搅拌时缓慢冷却至5℃,并在5℃下搅拌1小时。悬浮液在真空下过滤,所得固体用正己烷洗涤并干燥;得到纯度超过95%的粗吡非尼酮(1)。将米黄色固体溶于热水中搅拌,在活 性炭存在下搅拌1小时。活性炭过滤出来,用热水清洗。将得到的溶液缓慢冷却至室温,然后在该温度下搅拌1小时,冷却至5℃,搅拌1小时。所得的白色固体在真空下过滤,用冷水洗涤,干燥。从5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(4)到吡非尼酮(1)的摩尔收率为70%。
从上述例子中得到的吡非尼酮(1)具有以下特征:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.50-7.44(m,2H),7.43-7.35(m,3H),7.26(dd,J=2.8Hz and J=9.3Hz,1H),7.12-7.10(m,1H),6.60(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),2.10(s,3H); 13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ161.6,142.5,141.0,135.2,129.2,128.2,126.5,121.4,114.7,16.9;ESI-TOF-HRMS计算C 12H 12NO +(M+H +)186.0913分子量,测得186.0901。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种制备式(1)吡非尼酮的方法,其特征在于,
    Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-100001
    其步骤包括:
    (a)在碱、铜催化剂和配体存在下,5-甲基-3,4-二氢-2-吡啶酮(4)和卤代苯(5)偶联形成5-甲基-1-苯基-3,4-二氢吡啶-2(1H)-酮(6),所述卤代苯选自氯苯、溴苯和碘苯,
    Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-100002
    (b)5-甲基-1-苯基-3,4-二氢吡啶-2(1H)-酮(6)在铜催化剂和氧化剂存在下氧化为吡非尼酮(1),
    Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-100003
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)所述碱是选自TEA、DBU、DIPEA、KOH、K 2CO 3、NaOH、Na 2CO 3、Cs 2CO 3、CsOH、K 3PO 4、K 2HPO 4、Na 3PO 4以及Na 2HPO 4
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法,所述步骤(a)和(b)的铜催化剂相同或不同,选自CuI、CuCl、CuBr、Cu 2O、Cu(acac) 2、CuCl 2、CuBr 2、CuI 2、Cu(OAc) 2、Cu(OTf) 2、Cu(ClO 4) 2和CuSO 4
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)所述氧化剂选自氧气、过氧化氢、有机过氧化物、无机过硫酸盐和无机过氧单硫酸盐。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)所述配体选自式(7)的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-100004
    其中R是烷基和取代/未取代的芳基。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述R选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基和叔丁基;以及取代/非取代的蒽基、茚基、萘基和苯基。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,式(7)的化合物选自以下化合物的一种或多种:
    Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-100005
  8. 一种如权利要求1-7任一项的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(a) 和步骤(b)采用一锅法进行。
  9. 一种制备如权利要求4-7所述的式(7)化合物的方法,其特征在于,通过取代的醛、草酰肼和乙酸氨反应制备得到式(7)的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2020114479-appb-100006
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