WO2022045161A1 - 数値制御装置 - Google Patents
数値制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022045161A1 WO2022045161A1 PCT/JP2021/031069 JP2021031069W WO2022045161A1 WO 2022045161 A1 WO2022045161 A1 WO 2022045161A1 JP 2021031069 W JP2021031069 W JP 2021031069W WO 2022045161 A1 WO2022045161 A1 WO 2022045161A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- point
- work
- bending amount
- fixed cycle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Program-control systems
- G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
- G05B19/4155—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by program execution, i.e. part program or machine function execution, e.g. selection of a program
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Program-control systems
- G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
- G05B19/4093—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part program, for the NC machine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/12—Adaptive control, i.e. adjusting itself to have a performance which is optimum according to a preassigned criterion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment on boring machines for positioning or guiding the drill; Devices for indicating failure of drills during boring; Centering devices for holes to be bored
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/34—Director, elements to supervisory
- G05B2219/34175—Overlap, between two blocks, continuous, smooth speed change, movement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
- G05B2219/35519—Machining data and tool data
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a numerical control device.
- Patent Document 1 a method for controlling a machine tool that speeds up drilling by optimizing the path of relative movement of a tool with respect to a work is known (for example, Patent Document 1).
- a discontinuity such as a corner
- the tool pauses with respect to the workpiece at the discontinuity.
- the vertical movement of the tool and the horizontal movement of the work are temporally overlapped so that the movement path of the tool at the corner portion is an arcuate curved path and the continuous movement of the tool is performed. Is possible.
- the tool pulled out of the hole rises to a return point of a predetermined height. If the radius of curvature of the arcuate curved path is fixed, interference with the tool workpiece may occur. For example, if the horizontal distance from one drilling position to the next drilling position is short, the tool begins descending towards the next drilling position before ascending to the return point. The height of the work may vary from place to place. If there is a high protrusion between one drilling position and the next drilling position, the tool will interfere with the protrusion.
- One aspect of the present disclosure is a numerical control device for a machine tool in which a tool and a work are relatively moved in a first direction and a second direction to make a hole in the work by the tool, and the first direction is the length of the tool.
- the direction along the axis, the second direction intersecting the longitudinal axis of the tool stores the machining program that executes the fixing cycle a plurality of times, and the fixing cycle is the first of the tool and the work.
- a storage unit including a fourth operation of moving the tool from the hole bottom point to the end point on the hole bottom point side of the return point by relative movement in the first direction, and the tool and the tool based on the machining program.
- a control unit that controls the relative movement of the work, the tool is moved along the first curved path by starting the second operation before the end of the first operation, and the end of the second operation.
- the first curve path and the bend amount calculation unit for calculating the bend amount of the second curve path are provided, and the bend amount calculation unit is based on the withdrawal distance and the drilling position in each of the fixed cycles.
- the bending amount of the first curve path and the second curve path is calculated for each fixed cycle, and the control unit calculates the bending amount of the first curve amount calculated by the bending amount calculation unit in each fixed cycle.
- a numerical control device that moves the tool along a curved path and the second curved path.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram of the machine tool which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the fixed cycle program for drilling. It is a figure explaining an example of the drilling process by the fixed cycle for drilling. It is a flowchart which shows the control method of a machine tool. It is a continuation of the flowchart of FIG. It is a figure which shows the modification of the fixed cycle program for drilling. It is a flowchart which shows the modification of the control method of a machine tool. It is a continuation of the flowchart of FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the fixed cycle program for the conventional drilling. It is a figure explaining an example of the drilling process by the conventional fixed cycle for drilling.
- the numerical control device 1 is a numerical control device of a machine tool 10 that processes a work 4 with a tool 2.
- the machine tool 10 has a spindle 3 for holding the tool 2, a table 5 for holding the work 4, a spindle motor 6 for rotating the spindle 3 around the longitudinal axis of the spindle 3, and a spindle 3 with respect to the table 5.
- the Z-axis feed motor 7 that moves in the direction (second direction)
- the X-axis feed motor 8 that moves the table 5 in the X direction (first direction) and the Y direction (first direction) with respect to the spindle 3, respectively.
- the Y-axis feed motor 9 and the numerical control device 1 for controlling the motors 6, 7, 8 and 9 are provided.
- the Z direction is a direction along the longitudinal axis of the tool 2 held by the spindle 3.
- the X direction and the Y direction are directions orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the tool 2 held by the spindle 3, and are orthogonal to each other.
- the Z direction is the vertical direction
- the X direction and the Y direction are the horizontal directions.
- the spindle 3 is arranged in the vertical direction and is movably supported in the vertical direction by a support mechanism (not shown).
- the tool 2 is held coaxially with the spindle 3 at the lower end of the spindle 3, and rotates and moves integrally with the spindle 3.
- the tool 2 is a drill for drilling a hole 4a in the work 4 in the depth direction (Z direction).
- the tool 2 may be another type of tool for machining the work 4 in the depth direction, such as a milling cutter or an end mill.
- the table 5 is arranged horizontally below the spindle 3.
- the work 4 placed on the upper surface of the table 5 is fixed to the table 5 by a jig (not shown).
- the spindle motor 6 is a spindle motor connected to the upper end of the spindle 3, and rotates the spindle 3 around the longitudinal axis of the spindle 3.
- the feed motors 7, 8 and 9 are servo motors, respectively.
- the numerical control device 1 includes a storage unit 11, a control unit 12, a distance calculation unit 13, and a bending amount calculation unit 14.
- the storage unit 11 has, for example, a RAM, a ROM, and other storage devices, and stores a machining program 11a (see FIG. 2) for making a hole in the work 4 by the relative movement of the tool 2 and the work 4. .
- the numerical control device 1 has a processor such as a central processing unit, and the control unit 12, the distance calculation unit 13, and the bending amount calculation unit 14 are realized by the processor.
- the machining program 11a includes a fixed cycle program 11b for drilling.
- the fixed cycle program 11b is a program that causes the machine tool 10 to execute a fixed cycle including four operations a plurality of times.
- the dashed and solid arrows indicate the path of relative movement of the tool 2 with respect to the work 4.
- the horizontal direction is the X direction
- the direction perpendicular to the paper surface is the Y direction
- the vertical direction is the Z direction.
- the fast-forward speed is the maximum speed of each of the feed motors 7, 8 and 9.
- the cutting feed rate is a speed suitable for drilling a work 4 by the tool 2, and is a command speed set in the machining program.
- the machining program 11a includes a command for designating a W point (work height point), an R point (return point), and a Z point (hole bottom point).
- the W point is the position of the work surface 4b in the Z direction.
- the work surface 4b is the surface of the work 4 from which the tool 2 starts drilling (cutting) the work 4, and is the upper surface of the work 4 in the present embodiment.
- the R point is a position in the Z direction retracted from the work surface 4b in the Z direction, and is, for example, a position separated from the work surface 4b by 1 mm to 5 mm.
- the Z point is the position of the bottom of the hole 4a in the Z direction, and is located on the side opposite to the R point with respect to the work surface 4b.
- the first operation is an operation of moving the tip 2a of the tool 2 to the R point in the Z direction by moving the spindle 3 in the Z direction.
- the paths a'and a are the paths of the tool 2 in the first operation.
- the second operation is an operation in which the work 4 is moved in the XY direction with respect to the tool 2 by moving the table 5 in the XY direction, and the drilling position of the work 4 is positioned in the XY direction with respect to the tool 2.
- the paths a, b, and c are the paths of the tool 2 in the second operation.
- the third operation is an operation in which the tip 2a of the tool 2 is moved in the Z direction from the R point to the Z point by lowering the spindle 3 in the Z direction, and a hole is made at the drilling position of the work 4.
- the paths c and d are the paths of the tool 2 in the third operation.
- the fourth operation is an operation in which the tip 2a of the tool 2 is moved in the Z direction from the Z point to the W point (end point) by raising the spindle 3 in the Z direction, and the tool 2 is pulled out from the hole 4a.
- the path e is the path of the tool 2 in the fourth operation.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a fixed cycle program 11b that repeats a fixed cycle three times.
- "G81” is a code for instructing a fixed cycle for drilling
- "G99” is a code for instructing R point return
- "G80” is a code for instructing cancellation of the fixed cycle.
- "X0 Y0” is the X-direction and Y-direction positioning command of the drilling position
- "Z-10" is the Z-point command, "R5.” Is the R-point command, "W1.” Is the W-point command, and "F1000". Is a command for the cutting feed rate.
- the commands Y, Z, R, W, and F whose command values are the same as those in the first line are omitted.
- the control unit 12 controls the movement of the spindle 3 in the Z direction by controlling the feed motor 7, thereby controlling the movement of the tool 2 in the Z direction. Further, the control unit 12 controls the movement of the table 5 in the XY direction by controlling the feed motors 8 and 9, thereby controlling the movement of the work 4 in the XY direction.
- the control unit 12 causes the machine tool 10 to execute the first operation, the second operation, the third operation, and the fourth operation by controlling the feed motors 7, 8 and 9 based on the machining program 11a.
- control unit 12 starts the third operation before the end of the second operation, so that the movement of the work 4 in the second operation in the XY direction and the movement of the tool 2 in the third operation in the Z direction are timed. Overlap. As a result, the tip 2a of the tool 2 moves along the second curved path c from the R point to the W point. Further, in the second and subsequent fixed cycles, the control unit 12 starts the second operation before the first operation is completed, so that the tool 2 in the first operation moves in the Z direction and the work 4 in the second operation. Overlap with the movement in the XY direction. As a result, the tip 2a of the tool 2 moves along the first curved path a between the W point and the R point.
- the distance calculation unit 13 calculates the distance in the Z direction between the W point and the R point as the evacuation distance in the Z direction from the work 4 to the R point. Specifically, the distance calculation unit 13 reads the machining program 11a from the storage unit 11, acquires the command values of the R point and the W point from the fixed cycle program 11b, and calculates the difference
- is the maximum radius of curvature r of the curved paths a and c.
- the bending amount calculation unit 14 calculates the radius of curvature rn based on the moving distance Ln and the evacuation distance
- the control unit 12 moves the tip 2a of the tool 2 along the curved path c of the radius of curvature rn by controlling the timing of the descent of the tool 2 in the third operation based on the radius of curvature rn. Further, the control unit 12 controls the timing of starting the movement of the work 4 in the second operation to the next drilling position based on the radius of curvature rn, so that the tip of the tool 2 is along the curved path a of the radius of curvature rn. Move 2a.
- the numerical control device 1 first processes modal information such as the R point, the Z point, the command speed, and the operation mode (step S1).
- the distance calculation unit 13 acquires the command values of points R and W from the drilling program 11a, and calculates the retreat distance
- step S2 the distance calculation unit 13 acquires the command values of points R and W from the drilling program 11a, and calculates the retreat distance
- control unit 12 causes the machine tool 10 to execute the first fixed cycle (steps S4 to S7). That is, the control unit 12 causes the spindle 3 to execute the first operation by controlling the feed motor 7, and moves the tip 2a of the tool 2 to the R point along the linear path a'(step S4). Next, the control unit 12 causes the table 5 to start the second operation by controlling the feed motors 8 and 9 (step S5), and positions the first drilling position of the work 4 with respect to the tool 2.
- the control unit 12 causes the spindle 3 to start the third operation by controlling the feed motor 7 (step S6), and drills a hole at the first drilling position by the tool 2.
- the control unit 12 moves the tip 2a of the tool 2 along the curved path c by starting the third operation before the end of the second operation.
- the radius of curvature of the curve path c in the first fixed cycle is the calculated maximum radius of curvature r.
- the control unit 12 causes the spindle 3 to start the fourth operation by controlling the feed motor 7 (step S7), and retracts the tip 2a of the tool 2 from the Z point to the W point.
- the first fixing cycle ends when the tip 2a of the tool 2 retracts to the W point.
- the bending amount calculation unit 14 has the radius of curvature of the next fixed cycle after the start of the fourth operation.
- Calculate r2 (steps S9 to S13). Specifically, the bending amount calculation unit 14 reads the positioning command of the next fixed cycle from the fixed cycle program 11b, calculates the moving distance L2 of the tool 2 to the next drilling position (step S10), and calculates the moving distance L2. And the radius of curvature r2 is calculated based on the evacuation distance
- the control unit 12 causes the machine tool 10 to execute the second fixed cycle (steps S14, S5 to S7). That is, the control unit 12 causes the spindle 3 to execute the first operation by controlling the feed motor 7 (step S14), and moves the tip 2a of the tool 2 from the W point to the R point.
- the control unit 12 starts the second operation before the end of the first operation (step S5).
- the timing of starting the second operation is controlled based on the radius of curvature r2. That is, when the radius of curvature r2 is equal to or greater than the evacuation distance
- the second operation starts when the distance in the Z direction from the tip 2a to the point R becomes equal to the radius of curvature r2 after the start of the first operation. That is, the tip 2a of the tool 2 moves from the W point along the straight path, and then moves to the R point along the curved path a.
- the control unit 12 starts the third operation before the end of the second operation (step S6).
- the timing of starting the third operation is controlled based on the radius of curvature r2. That is, when the radius of curvature r2 is equal to or greater than the retracted distance
- the third operation starts at the same time as the end of the first operation, and the tip 2a of the tool 2 is a curved path from the R point to the position above the W point. It moves along c, and then moves along a straight path to point Z via point W.
- control unit 12 executes the fourth operation of the second fixed cycle in the same manner as the first fixed cycle, and further executes the third fixed cycle.
- the control unit 12 moves the tip of the tool 2 from the W point to the R point in the Z direction along the linear path f (step S15). End the third fixation cycle.
- the conventional fixed cycle program 11b does not include a command regarding the W point, and the radius of curvature rn of the curved path is determined by the set overlap amount. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, the tip 2a of the tool 2 moves along a curved path having a constant radius of curvature determined by the set overlap amount. Therefore, when the moving distance Ln to the next drilling position is short with the optimum overlap amount set for a certain R point height, the tip 2a of the tool 2 starts descending before rising to the R point. ..
- the height of the upper surface of the work 4 is not always uniform, and the upper surface of the work 4 is higher than the other parts, such as a protrusion between the second drilling position and the third drilling position. May include. Therefore, the tool 2 may interfere with the work 4 before rising to the R point.
- the W point command is added to the fixed cycle program 11b, and in the fixed cycle, the tip 2a of the tool 2 moves in order to the R point, the Z point, and the W point, and the tip 2a of the tool 2 moves.
- One fixed cycle ends when moving to point W.
- the positioning command of the next fixed cycle is read ahead, and the curve path a in the next fixed cycle is based on the moving distance Ln to the next drilling position and the retracting distance
- the appropriate radius of curvature rn is automatically calculated.
- the tip 2a of the tool 2 can be reliably retracted to the R point even when the moving distance Ln is short, and the tool 2 is being moved to the next drilling position. It is possible to prevent the tool 2 and the work 4 from interfering with each other. Further, since the information to be read ahead is only the positioning command of the next fixed cycle, the numerical control device 1 is not required to have a high reading processing ability. That is, it is possible to realize an appropriate calculation of the radius of curvature rn for each drilling position regardless of the reading processing capability of the numerical control device 1.
- the fixed cycle program 11b may be configured so that the operator can make changes.
- a radius of curvature correction command is added to the fixed cycle program 11b.
- an example of the correction command is a command of the magnification P of the radius of curvature.
- the magnification P is set between 0% and 100%.
- the magnification P may be set for each drilling position.
- the bending amount calculation unit 14 corrects the radius of curvature by multiplying the magnification P
- the control unit 12 corrects the radius of curvature of the tool 2 based on the corrected radius of curvature rn. Control the travel path. By adding such a correction command, the movement path of the tool 2 can be managed in more detail.
- the end point which is the position of the tip 2a of the tool 2 at the end of each fixed cycle, is the W point, but the end point may be any position located on the Z point side of the return point. Just do it. That is, the end point may be the Z point, or may be an intermediate position from the Z point to the return point.
- the end point is the Z point
- the fixed cycle ends when the tip 2a of the descending tool 2 reaches the Z point.
- the return point is the R point (reference point), but instead of this, the initial point (I point) may be used. That is, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, instead of the R point return mode of G99, the initial point return mode of G98 that returns the tip 2a of the tool 2 to the initial point may be used.
- the initial point return mode as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, in the first operation steps S4'and 14', the tip 2a of the tool 2 moves to the initial point.
- the end point may be the R point instead of the W point. That is, as shown in steps S7'and S14' in FIG. 7, the fixing cycle may end when the tip 2a of the tool 2 is retracted to the R point. By setting the R point as the end point in this way, it is possible to more reliably prevent the tool 2 from interfering with the work 4.
- the evacuation distance may be the distance in the Z direction between the R point and the initial point, as shown in FIG. That is, in step S2', the evacuation distance
- I is a command value of the initial point.
- the bending amount calculation unit 14 calculates the radius of curvature rn of the second and subsequent fixed cycles based on the evacuation distance and the positioning command, but in addition to this, the radius of curvature of the first fixed cycle. r1 may also be calculated based on at least one of the retracted distance and the positioning command. The calculation of the radius of curvature r1 is performed, for example, between the positioning to the R point (step S4) and the positioning of the drilling position (step S5). The bending amount calculation unit 14 may calculate, for example, the retreat distance
- the radius of curvature r1 may be calculated based on the moving distance L1 in the XY direction from the position of the tool 2 at the start of the above to the drilling position of the first fixed cycle.
- the bending amount calculation unit 14 may calculate the distance in the Z direction between the initial point and the R point as the radius of curvature r1.
- the control unit 12 decides to move the tool 2 and the work 4 relative to each other along the curved paths a and c at a fast-forward speed, but instead, the tool 2 and the work 4 are moved at a speed slower than the fast-forward speed.
- the work 4 may be moved relative to each other.
- the moving speed of the tool 2 in the curved paths a and c may be changeable between the cutting feed speed and the fast feed speed.
- an argument L may be added to the fixed cycle program 11b to specify the speed ratio of the cutting feed rate FC and the fast forward speed FR .
- L is a value in the range of 0% to 100%.
- the moving speed F of the tool 2 is defined by the following equation.
- F FC ⁇ (1- (L / 100)) + FR ⁇ L / 100
- the operator can specify the speed F as an arbitrary speed between the cutting feed speed and the fast feed speed by setting the value of L.
- the curved paths a and c are arcuate and the bending amount is the radius of curvature.
- the curved paths a and c may have a shape other than the arc, and the bending amount is a curve. It may be a parameter according to the shape of the path.
- the curved path may be part of an ellipse.
- the bending amount calculation unit 14 decides to execute the calculation process of the radius of curvature rn of the next fixed cycle after the start of the fourth operation, but the calculation of the radius of curvature rn by the start of the next fixed cycle.
- the calculation process of the radius of curvature rn may be executed at other timings as long as is completed.
- the bending amount calculation unit 14 pre-reads the positioning command of the next fixed cycle during each fixed cycle and calculates the radius of curvature in the next fixed cycle.
- the radius of curvature in each fixed cycle may be calculated by the method of.
- the bending amount calculation unit 14 may read out the positioning commands of all the fixed cycles before the start of the first fixed cycle, and calculate the moving distance for all the fixed cycles. Even in this way, an appropriate radius of curvature can be calculated for each fixed cycle.
- the tool 2 is movable in the Z direction and the work 4 is movable in the XY direction, but the relative movement of the tool 2 and the work 4 is one of the tool 2 and the work 4. Or it may be achieved by both movements.
- the spindle 3 may be movable in the XY direction
- the table 5 may be movable in the Z direction.
- one of the spindle 3 and the table 5 may be movable in the three directions of X, Y, and Z.
- the first direction is the horizontal direction (XY direction) and the second direction is the vertical direction (Z direction), but the specific directions of the first direction and the second direction are. It can be changed as appropriate according to the specifications of the machine tool.
- the second direction may be the horizontal direction
- the first direction may be any direction intersecting the second direction.
- the tool 2 is movable in the Z direction and the work 4 is movable in the XY direction.
- the posture of the tool 2 can be changed, the movement of the tool 2 and the work 4 is possible.
- Diagonal or lateral For example, when an angle head is used in which the tool 2 is tilted with respect to the spindle 3, the tool 2 may be tilted in the horizontal direction to machine the work 4.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、一の穴あけ位置から次の穴あけ位置までの水平方向の距離が短い場合、工具は、復帰点まで上昇する前に、次の穴あけ位置に向かって下降を開始する。ワークの高さは場所によって異なることがある。一の穴あけ位置と次の穴あけ位置との間に高い突出部が存在する場合、工具が突出部に干渉する。
図1に示されるように、数値制御装置1は、工具2によってワーク4を加工する工作機械10の数値制御装置である。
工作機械10は、工具2を保持する主軸3と、ワーク4を保持するテーブル5と、主軸3を該主軸3の長手軸回りに回転させる主軸モータ6と、主軸3をテーブル5に対してZ方向(第2方向)に移動させるZ軸送りモータ7と、テーブル5を主軸3に対してX方向(第1方向)およびY方向(第1方向)にそれぞれに移動させるX軸送りモータ8およびY軸送りモータ9と、モータ6,7,8,9を制御する数値制御装置1と、を備える。
主軸3は、鉛直方向に配置され、図示しない支持機構によって鉛直方向に移動可能に支持されている。工具2は、主軸3の下端部に主軸3と同軸に保持され、主軸3と一体的に回転し移動する。工具2は、ワーク4に深さ方向(Z方向)に穴4aを開けるドリルである。工具2は、ワーク4を深さ方向に加工する他の種類の工具、例えば、フライスまたはエンドミル等であってもよい。
主軸モータ6は、主軸3の上端に接続されたスピンドルモータであり、主軸3の長手軸回りに主軸3を回転させる。
送りモータ7,8,9は、それぞれサーボモータである。
記憶部11は、例えば、RAM、ROMおよびその他の記憶装置を有し、工具2およびワーク4の相対移動によってワーク4に穴をあけるための加工プログラム11a(図2参照。)を記憶している。
数値制御装置1は、中央演算処理装置のようなプロセッサを有し、制御部12、距離算出部13および曲り量算出部14は、プロセッサによって実現される。
第2動作は、テーブル5のXY方向の移動によってワーク4を工具2に対してXY方向に移動させ、ワーク4の穴あけ位置を工具2に対してXY方向に位置決めする動作である。経路a,b,cが、第2動作における工具2の経路である。
第3動作は、主軸3のZ方向の下降によって工具2の先端2aをR点からZ点までZ方向に移動させ、ワーク4の穴あけ位置に穴をあける動作である。経路c,dが、第3動作における工具2の経路である。
第4動作は、主軸3のZ方向の上昇によって工具2の先端2aをZ点からW点(終点)までZ方向に移動させ、工具2を穴4aから引き抜く動作である。経路eが、第4動作における工具2の経路である。
「G81」は、穴あけ用の固定サイクルを命令するコードであり、「G99」は、R点復帰を命令するコードであり、「G80」は、固定サイクルのキャンセルを命令するコードである。「X0 Y0」は穴あけ位置のX方向およびY方向の位置決め指令、「Z-10」はZ点の指令、「R5.」はR点の指令、「W1.」はW点の指令、「F1000」は切削送り速度の指令である。すなわち、R点はZ=5mmに設定され、Z点はZ=-10mmに設定され、W点はZ=1mmに設定されている。2行目および3行目において、指令値が1行目と同一である指令Y,Z,R,W,Fは省略されている。
制御部12は、加工プログラム11aに基づいて送りモータ7,8,9を制御することによって、第1動作、第2動作、第3動作および第4動作を工作機械10に実行させる。
また、2回目以降の固定サイクルにおいて、制御部12は、第1動作が終了する前に第2動作を開始させることによって、第1動作の工具2のZ方向の移動と第2動作のワーク4のXY方向の移動とを時間的にオーバラップさせる。これにより、工具2の先端2aは、W点からR点までの間において第1曲線経路aに沿って移動する。
具体的には、曲り量算出部14は、現在の固定サイクルの位置決め指令の指令値Xn-1,Yn-1と、次の固定サイクルの位置決め指令の指令値Xn,Ynとから、移動距離Lnを算出する。移動距離Lnは、現在の固定サイクルの穴あけ位置から次の固定サイクルの穴あけ位置までのXY方向の工具2の移動距離であり、下式から算出される。
Ln={(Xn-1-Xn)2+(Yn-1-Yn)2}1/2
また、制御部12は、曲率半径rnに基づいて次の穴あけ位置への第2動作のワーク4の移動開始のタイミングを制御することによって、曲率半径rnの曲線経路aに沿って工具2の先端2aを移動させる。
固定サイクルプログラム11bを開始すると、数値制御装置1は、まず、R点、Z点、指令速度、動作モード等のモーダル情報を処理する(ステップS1)。
次に、距離算出部13は、穴あけ加工プログラム11aからR点およびW点の指令値を取得し、曲線経路a,cの最大曲率半径rである退避距離|R-W|を算出する(ステップS2)。
第3動作の終了後、制御部12は、送りモータ7を制御することによって主軸3に第4動作を開始させ(ステップS7)、工具2の先端2aをZ点からW点まで退避させる。工具2の先端2aがW点まで退避したときに1回目の固定サイクルが終了する。
制御部12は、第1動作の終了前に、第2動作を開始する(ステップS5)。第2動作の開始のタイミングは、曲率半径r2に基づいて制御される。すなわち、曲率半径r2が退避距離|R-W|以上である場合、第1動作の開始と同時に第2動作が開始し、工具2の先端2aは、W点からR点まで曲線経路aに沿って移動する。曲率半径r2が退避距離|R-W|未満である場合、第1動作の開始後に先端2aからR点までのZ方向の距離が曲率半径r2と等しくなったときに第2動作が開始する。すなわち、工具2の先端2aは、W点から直線経路に沿って移動し、続いてR点まで曲線経路aに沿って移動する。
また、先読みする情報は次の固定サイクルの位置決め指令のみであるので、数値制御装置1には、高い読み込み処理の能力が要求されない。すなわち、数値制御装置1の読み込み処理の能力に関わらず、穴あけ位置毎の適切な曲率半径rnの算出を実現することができる。
一例において、固定サイクルプログラム11bに曲率半径の補正指令が追加される。図6に示されるように、補正指令の一例は、曲率半径の倍率Pの指令である。倍率Pは、0%~100%の間で設定される。倍率Pは、穴あけ位置毎に設定可能であってもよい。図8のステップS12’,S13’に示されるように、曲り量算出部14は、倍率Pの乗算によって曲率半径を補正し、制御部12は、補正された曲率半径rnに基づいて工具2の移動経路を制御する。このような補正指令の追加によって、工具2の移動経路をより細かく管理することができる。
また、イニシャル点復帰モードを使用する場合、図8に示されるように、退避距離が、R点とイニシャル点との間のZ方向の距離であってもよい。すなわち、ステップS2’において、退避距離|I-R|を最大曲率半径rとして算出し、ステップS11’において、|I-R|を判断基準として使用してもよい。ここでのIは、イニシャル点の指令値である。
曲率半径r1の計算は、例えば、R点への位置決め(ステップS4)と穴あけ位置の位置決め(ステップS5)との間で実行される。曲り量算出部14は、曲率半径r1として、例えば、R点とW点との間のZ方向の退避距離|R-W|を曲率半径r1として算出してもよく、または、固定サイクルプログラム11bの開始時の工具2の位置から1回目の固定サイクルの穴あけ位置までのXY方向の移動距離L1に基づいて曲率半径r1を算出してもよい。イニシャル点復帰モードの場合、曲り量算出部14は、イニシャル点とR点との間のZ方向の距離を曲率半径r1として算出してもよい。
例えば、図6に示されるように、切削送り速度FCおよび早送り速度FRの速度比率を指定する引数Lが固定サイクルプログラム11bに追加されてもよい。Lは、0%~100%の範囲内の値である。工具2の移動速度Fは、下式によって定義される。
F=FC×(1-(L/100))+FR×L/100
作業者は、Lの値を設定することによって、速度Fを切削送り速度と早送り速度との間の任意の速度に指定することができる。
本実施形態において、曲り量算出部14が、第4動作の開始後に次の固定サイクルの曲率半径rnの計算処理を実行することとしたが、次の固定サイクルの開始までに曲率半径rnの算出が終了する限りにおいて他のタイミングで曲率半径rnの計算処理を実行してもよい。
また、本実施形態において、第1方向が水平方向(XY方向)であり、第2方向が鉛直方向(Z方向)であることとしたが、第1方向および第2方向の具体的な方向は工作機械の仕様に応じて適宜変更可能である。例えば、主軸3が水平に配置される工作機械の場合、第2方向が水平方向であり、第1方向が、第2方向に交差する任意の方向であってもよい。
11 記憶部
11a 加工プログラム
11b 固定サイクルプログラム
12 制御部
13 距離算出部
14 曲り量算出部
2 工具
4 ワーク
4a 穴
10 工作機械
Claims (11)
- 工具およびワークを第1方向および第2方向に相対移動させ前記ワークに前記工具によって穴をあける工作機械の数値制御装置であって、前記第1方向が前記工具の長手軸に沿う方向であり、前記第2方向が前記工具の長手軸に交差する方向であり、
固定サイクルを複数回実行させる加工プログラムを記憶し、前記固定サイクルが、前記工具および前記ワークの前記第1方向の相対移動によって前記工具を前記ワークから前記第1方向に退避した復帰点に移動させる第1動作と、前記工具および前記ワークの前記第2方向の相対移動によって前記ワークの穴あけ位置を前記工具に対して位置決めする第2動作と、前記工具および前記ワークの前記第1方向の相対移動によって前記工具を前記復帰点から穴底点に移動させる第3動作と、前記工具および前記ワークの前記第1方向の相対移動によって前記工具を前記穴底点から前記復帰点よりも前記穴底点側の終点に移動させる第4動作とを含む、記憶部と、
前記加工プログラムに基づいて前記工具および前記ワークの相対移動を制御する制御部であって、前記第1動作の終了前に前記第2動作を開始することによって第1曲線経路に沿って前記工具を移動させ、前記第2動作の終了前に前記第3動作を開始することによって第2曲線経路に沿って前記工具を移動させる制御部と、
前記ワークから前記復帰点までの前記第1方向の退避距離を算出する距離算出部と、
前記第1曲線経路および前記第2曲線経路の曲り量を算出する曲り量算出部と、を備え、
該曲り量算出部が、前記退避距離と各前記固定サイクルにおける穴あけ位置とに基づいて、前記固定サイクル毎に前記第1曲線経路および前記第2曲線経路の前記曲り量を算出し、
前記制御部が、各前記固定サイクルにおいて、前記曲り量算出部によって算出された前記曲り量の前記第1曲線経路および前記第2曲線経路に沿って前記工具を移動させる、数値制御装置。 - 前記曲り量算出部が、
一の固定サイクルが終了する前に、次の固定サイクルにおける穴あけ位置の位置決め指令を前記加工プログラムから読み込み、
読み込んだ前記位置決め指令と前記退避距離とに基づいて前記次の固定サイクルにおける前記第1曲線経路および前記第2曲線経路の前記曲り量を算出する、請求項1に記載の数値制御装置。 - 前記曲り量算出部が、前記一の固定サイクルにおける穴あけ位置から前記次の固定サイクルにおける穴あけ位置までの前記第2方向の移動距離を算出し、前記退避距離および前記移動距離に基づいて前記曲り量を算出する、請求項2に記載の数値制御装置。
- 前記曲り量が、前記第1曲線経路および前記第2曲線経路の曲率半径であり、
前記曲り量算出部は、
前記移動距離の半分が前記退避距離未満である場合、前記移動距離の半分を前記曲率半径として算出し、
前記移動距離の半分が前記退避距離以上である場合、前記退避距離を前記曲率半径として算出する、請求項3に記載の数値制御装置。 - 前記制御部が、前記工具を早送り速度で前記第1曲線経路および前記第2曲線経路に沿って移動させる、請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の数値制御装置。
- 前記制御部が、前記工具を、早送り速度と切削送り速度との間の速度で前記第1曲線経路および前記第2曲線経路に沿って移動させる、請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の数値制御装置。
- 前記第1曲線経路および前記第2曲線経路における前記工具の移動速度を、早送り速度と切削送り速度との間の任意の速度に変更可能である、請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の数値制御装置。
- 前記加工プログラムに前記曲り量の補正指令を追加可能であり、
前記制御部が、前記補正指令によって補正された曲り量の前記第1曲線経路および前記第2曲線経路に沿って前記工具を移動させる、請求項1から請求項7のいずれかに記載の数値制御装置。 - 前記終点が、前記工具によって穴あけが開始されるワーク面、前記穴底点、または、前記ワーク面と前記穴底点との間の途中位置である、請求項1から請求項8のいずれかに記載の数値制御装置。
- 前記終点が、前記ワークから前記第1方向に退避した基準点であり、
前記復帰点が、前記基準点よりも前記ワークから前記第1方向に退避したイニシャル点である、請求項1から請求項8のいずれかに記載の数値制御装置。 - 前記曲り量算出部が、1回目の固定サイクルにおける前記第1曲線経路および前記第2曲線経路の曲り量を、前記退避距離および前記1回目の固定サイクルにおける穴あけ位置の位置決め指令の少なくとも一方に基づいて算出する、請求項1から請求項10のいずれかに記載の数値制御装置。
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- 2021-08-25 WO PCT/JP2021/031069 patent/WO2022045161A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2021-08-25 DE DE112021003126.0T patent/DE112021003126T5/de active Pending
- 2021-08-25 US US18/007,161 patent/US12585245B2/en active Active
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| JP7015423B1 (ja) | 2022-02-02 |
| US12585245B2 (en) | 2026-03-24 |
| CN116057484A (zh) | 2023-05-02 |
| US20230236574A1 (en) | 2023-07-27 |
| DE112021003126T5 (de) | 2023-03-23 |
| JPWO2022045161A1 (ja) | 2022-03-03 |
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