WO2022042191A1 - 夹针装置、腿支架装置 - Google Patents

夹针装置、腿支架装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022042191A1
WO2022042191A1 PCT/CN2021/109000 CN2021109000W WO2022042191A1 WO 2022042191 A1 WO2022042191 A1 WO 2022042191A1 CN 2021109000 W CN2021109000 W CN 2021109000W WO 2022042191 A1 WO2022042191 A1 WO 2022042191A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inner shaft
needle
clamping
locking sleeve
hole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/109000
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李书纲
Original Assignee
北京和华瑞博医疗科技有限公司
北京和华瑞博科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202010885394.9A external-priority patent/CN111803200B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202110120633.6A external-priority patent/CN114366530A/zh
Application filed by 北京和华瑞博医疗科技有限公司, 北京和华瑞博科技有限公司 filed Critical 北京和华瑞博医疗科技有限公司
Priority to JP2022525474A priority Critical patent/JP2023501247A/ja
Priority to EP21860031.0A priority patent/EP4029465A4/en
Priority to KR1020227012783A priority patent/KR20220065820A/ko
Publication of WO2022042191A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022042191A1/zh
Priority to US17/709,232 priority patent/US20220218436A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/50—Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms
    • A61B90/57—Accessory clamps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/74—Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur
    • A61B17/742—Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur having one or more longitudinal elements oriented along or parallel to the axis of the neck
    • A61B17/744—Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur having one or more longitudinal elements oriented along or parallel to the axis of the neck the longitudinal elements coupled to an intramedullary nail
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B17/64—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned
    • A61B17/6408—Devices not permitting mobility, e.g. fixed to bed, with or without means for traction or reduction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3472—Trocars; Puncturing needles for bones, e.g. intraosseus injections
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B17/64—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned
    • A61B17/645—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned comprising a framework
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B17/64—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned
    • A61B17/6466—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned with pin-clamps movable along a solid connecting rod
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/10—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges for stereotaxic surgery, e.g. frame-based stereotaxis
    • A61B90/14—Fixators for body parts, e.g. skull clamps; Constructional details of fixators, e.g. pins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/50—Supports for surgical instruments, e.g. articulated arms
    • A61B90/57—Accessory clamps
    • A61B2090/571—Accessory clamps for clamping a support arm to a bed or other supports

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a needle clip device and a leg support device.
  • the fixed device can effectively reduce the physical exertion of the doctor and reduce the instability of manual operation.
  • the fixation method of the fixation device may be to bind the affected limb to the support, or to establish a rigid connection with the bone of the affected limb through instruments such as threaded needles, and to fix the threaded needle on the support.
  • the use of immobilization devices increases the number of steps involved in the procedure, increases the duration of the procedure, and results in increased exposure of the affected area.
  • the above operations are not conducive to reducing the complexity of the operation.
  • the present application provides a needle clip device and a leg support device to at least partially solve the above technical problems.
  • the present application proposes a needle clamping device for clamping an orthopedic needle, the needle clamping device comprising: a first part having a shaft part; a second part hinged with the shaft part, and the second part includes a relative position A variable first part and a second part, the first part and the second part are arranged to clamp the shaft part when the relative position changes; a clamping mechanism for clamping the needle, the clamping mechanism is connected to the second part, the clamp The tightening mechanism is configured to at least partially clamp the first part and the second part, and drives the first part and the second part to change the relative position during the process of clamping the orthopaedic needle, so that the second part clamps the shaft part.
  • the first part and the second part of the second component are a first clamping arm and a second clamping arm arranged side by side, and the first end of the first clamping arm is connected to the second clamping arm.
  • the first end of the holding arm is connected, the second end of the first holding arm and the second end of the second holding arm have a predetermined distance, and there is also a gap between the first holding arm and the second holding arm.
  • a shaft hole is formed; the second part is rotatably connected with the shaft part of the first part through the shaft hole.
  • the clamping mechanism includes: an inner shaft that penetrates through the second end of the first clamping arm and the second end of the second clamping arm, and the inner shaft The first end and the second end are distributed on both sides of the second part, and the first end is provided with a first limiting surface; the handle piece is movably arranged on the second end of the inner shaft, and the handle piece is movable relative to the inner shaft At least part of the structure can move axially on the inner shaft; the locking sleeve has a through hole and is sleeved on the outside of the first end of the inner shaft, the locking sleeve can move relative to the inner shaft, and the locking sleeve has a first Two limiting surfaces, the second limiting surface and the first limiting surface of the inner shaft are arranged face to face or diagonally opposite; wherein, the second component constitutes the axial limit of the handle piece and the locking sleeve on the inner shaft.
  • a first radial hole is opened at the first end of the inner shaft along the radial direction, and the hole wall portion of the end face of the first radial hole facing away from the first end It is the first limiting surface, the locking sleeve is provided with a second radial hole along the radial direction, and the hole wall part of the second radial hole that is in the same direction as the end face of the first end of the inner shaft is the second limiting surface.
  • a limit surface is arranged diagonally opposite to the second limit surface.
  • the first end of the inner shaft is located in the locking sleeve, and the locking sleeve is provided with a limit rod.
  • a flange is radially protruded from the first end of the inner shaft, and the flange is located on the side of one end of the locking sleeve facing away from the second component, and the flange is protruded.
  • the handle member includes a barrel portion and a handle portion, the barrel portion and the handle portion are connected, the handle portion radially protrudes out of the barrel portion, and the barrel portion and the handle portion It is sleeved outside the second end of the inner shaft, and is threadedly connected with the second end of the inner shaft.
  • One end of the handle is in contact with the second end of the first clamping arm.
  • the handle member is a cam handle
  • the cam handle includes a cam portion and a handle portion, the cam portion and the handle portion are connected, and the cam portion and the second end of the inner shaft are rotatable
  • the handle part rotates to drive the cam part to rotate, it can drive the inner shaft to move in the axial direction and drive the locking sleeve to squeeze the second end of the second clamping arm.
  • the inner shaft and the locking sleeve are connected in a circumferential limit.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the inner shaft at least includes a plane area parallel to the inner shaft, and the inner peripheral surface of the through hole of the locking sleeve is provided with a The matching mating surface is fitted with the plane area to form a circumferential limit.
  • an elastic member is further provided between the first end of the inner shaft and the locking sleeve, and the elastic member acts on the inner shaft and causes the inner shaft to have a directional locking effect. Tendency to bulge on the outside of the sleeve.
  • the present application proposes a leg support device having the needle clamping device provided by any one of the implementations of the first aspect.
  • the leg support device includes: a base; a support rod assembly connected to the base; the upper part of the rod assembly.
  • the support rod includes a first support rod assembly and a second support rod assembly respectively disposed on two sides of the base, and at least one of the first support rod assembly and the second support rod assembly can be connected to the base. Remove the connection.
  • the position between the support rod and the base along the length direction of the side of the base is adjustable.
  • the clamping structure in the needle clamping device can make the second part clamp the shaft of the first part while clamping the orthopaedic needle, or can loosen the orthopaedic needle at the same time
  • the second part is made to release the shaft part of the first part, the operation complexity in the process of locking and releasing orthopedic needles (such as threaded needles) is reduced, the operation is convenient, and time and effort are saved.
  • the leg support device provided by the embodiment of the present application, at least one of the first support rod assembly and the second support rod assembly is detachably connected to the base, respectively, and the left or right clip pin can be installed according to the leg undergoing surgery.
  • the device reduces the occupation of the operation space and facilitates the operation around the knee joint of the human body. Also, the need for sterilization of instruments prior to surgery is reduced because only the support rod assembly that needs to be mounted on the base needs to be sterilized.
  • the first support rod assembly and the second support rod assembly are located on both sides of the base, and the space between the two and the upper surface of the base can be used to check the tension of the joint and ligaments during or after the operation is completed. , it is not necessary to remove the leg support device from the operating table to make room for the affected limb to lie flat.
  • the legs are positioned by the first support rod assembly, which avoids the problems of poor stability and accuracy of the hand-holding fixation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a leg support device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the base in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the vertical cylinder in Fig. 1 for connecting with the base;
  • Fig. 4 is the structural representation between the vertical cylinder and the upright column in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the needle clamping device in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the needle clamping device of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the needle clamping device in another embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the structure of the needle clamping device in another embodiment
  • Fig. 9 shows the structural schematic diagram of the foot rest positioning device in Fig. 1 and the cross-sectional view of the foot rest;
  • Figure 10 is an enlarged view of the foot rest positioning device in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view of the foot rest positioning device in Figure 1;
  • Fig. 12 is the structural representation of the locking block in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 13 is the structural schematic diagram of the locking block driver in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a locking block and a locking block driver in another embodiment
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a leg support device in an embodiment disclosed in the present application.
  • the leg brace device can be used in surgical operations to support and immobilize an affected limb such as a leg, for example, to immobilize the femur in total knee replacement.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a leg support device, which includes: a base 90d, a first support rod assembly 10d, a second support rod assembly 20d, a first needle clipping device and a second needle clipping device, the first needle clipping device
  • the structure of the second needle clamping device can be the same.
  • the base 90d is used as the installation and support base of the device, and the first support rod assembly 10d and the second support rod assembly 20d are mounted on the base 90d.
  • the support bases of the two needle clamping devices are two independent support rod structures, ie, a first support rod assembly 10d and a second support rod assembly 20d.
  • the first support rod assembly 10d and the second support rod assembly 20d are detachably connected to the base 90d, respectively, so that the left or right needle clip device can be installed according to the leg under operation. This can reduce the occupation of the surgical space and facilitate the operation around the knee joint of the human body. Also, the need for sterilization of instruments prior to surgery can be reduced, as only the support rod assembly that needs to be mounted on the base 90d needs to be sterilized.
  • the doctor can directly lay the patient's leg flat for joint flexion and extension observation without removing the leg support device.
  • the doctor can choose to install only the first support rod assembly 10d or the second support rod assembly 20d according to the convenience of operation, without having to install both, reducing operation steps and occupied operation space near the knee joint.
  • the position of the support rod assembly can also be adjusted on the slide rail through the slider at the bottom, which can adapt to more clinical conditions.
  • the first support rod assembly 10d and the second support rod assembly 20d can be slidably connected with the base 90d, and the first support rod assembly 10d and the second support rod assembly 20d can slide relative to the base 90d, and the position of the legs can be fine-tuned;
  • a locking mechanism may also be provided between the first support rod assembly 10d, the second support rod assembly 20d and the base 90d for locking the relative positions of the first support rod assembly 10d, the second support rod assembly 20d and the base 90d.
  • the base 90d is an I-shaped bottom plate with a first slide rail 91d in the middle, and a second slide rail 92d and a third slide rail 93d are respectively provided on both sides of one end of the first slide rail 91d.
  • the first support rod assembly 10d and the second support rod assembly 20d are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first sliding rail 91d, and the two needle clamping devices are also symmetrically arranged.
  • the structure and composition of the first support rod assembly 10 d are taken as an example to describe below.
  • the lower end of the vertical cylinder 11d is connected to the second sliding rail 92d of the base 90d through the second sliding block 100e, and is controlled by the locking block 300e, the locking block driving member 400e and the pin 500e to be locked with the second sliding rail 92d .
  • the structures and their connection relationships of the second sliding block 100e, the locking block 300e, the locking block driving member 400e and the pin 500e are the same as those of the sliding block 100m, the locking block 300m, the locking block driving member 400m and The structure of the pin 500m and its deformation are the same.
  • the upper end of the vertical cylinder 11d is provided with a clamping device, and the clamping device can lock the upright column 12d inserted into the vertical cylinder 11d.
  • the clamping device includes a cam handle 13d, a first gripping arm 14d, a second gripping arm 15d and a locking screw 16d.
  • One end of the first gripping arm 14d and one end of the second gripping arm 15d are hingedly connected, an arc-shaped clamping portion is provided in the middle of the two, and a gap is formed between the other ends.
  • the cam handle 13d is provided at the position where the two gripping arms are provided with a gap, and the distance between the gripping arms is changed by the cam portion to realize the gripping effect.
  • the cam handle 13d, the nut, the rotating shaft and the like constitute a cam handle assembly for realizing the clamping of the clamping arm.
  • the locking screw 16d can also lock the vertical column 12d in the vertical cylinder 11d from the radial direction.
  • the above locking mechanism is not unique, for example, the locking screw 16d may not be provided, or only the locking screw 16d may be provided, or the clamping structure in the needle clamping device may be used.
  • the upright post 12d is inserted into the upright cylinder 11d, and the cam handle 13d can be loosened when necessary to adjust the insertion depth, thereby changing the height of the needle clamping device at the top of the upright post 12d relative to the base 90d.
  • the first support rod assembly 10d can also be replaced with a support rod/arm with a fixed length, that is, the vertical cylinder 11d and the vertical column 12d are fixedly connected, and the lengths of the two are not adjustable in the axial direction .
  • first support rod assembly 10d and the second support rod assembly 20d may also be connected to the base 90d in other ways.
  • it is directly fixed on the base 90d with screws, bolts or other fastening structures.
  • first support rod assembly 10d or the second support rod assembly 20d may also be provided.
  • the first support rod assembly 10d can be installed on the first slide rail 91d or the second slide rail 92d on the base 90d according to actual needs. Specifically, the first support rod assembly 10d can be installed on the third slide rail 93d in the attitude shown in FIG. 1; or the first support rod assembly 10d can be rotated 180 degrees around its long axis relative to the attitude shown in FIG. 1 . It is then installed on the third sliding rail 93d, so that the needle clamping device is still located outside, which is convenient for operation.
  • the first needle clipping device and the second needle clipping device are disposed on the tops of the first support rod assembly 10d and the second support rod assembly 20, respectively.
  • the first needle clamping device is capable of clamping the first threaded needle 1 .
  • the first needle clamping device Before clamping the first threaded needle 1, the first needle clamping device has two rotational degrees of freedom relative to the first support rod assembly 10d, and the operator can flexibly adjust the direction of the first threaded needle 1 as required.
  • the first threaded needle 1 can be clamped and locked between the first needle clamping device and the first support rod assembly 10d by only one tightening, which is easy to operate.
  • the second needle clamping device also has the above-mentioned connection relationship with the second threaded needle and the second threaded needle.
  • the second needle clipping device can also be replaced with other types of needle clipping devices; in other optional embodiments, the second needle clipping device can also be replaced with a fastening mechanism such as a strap. As long as the first needle clamping device is provided, the complicated operation in the process of locking and releasing the threaded needle can be reduced to a certain extent.
  • the inventors of the present application have found that the fixation method of the threaded needle used in the related art requires that the access of the threaded needle needs to be adjusted in multiple directions before implanting the threaded needle, and the threaded needle needs to be fixed in the on the fixture, and lock the parts of the fixture itself.
  • the above operations are not conducive to reducing the complexity of the operation.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a needle clamping device for clamping an orthopedic needle, which can at least reduce the complexity of operations in the process of locking and releasing the threaded needle.
  • the needle-clamping device, the first needle-clamping device, and the second needle-clamping device of the embodiment of the present application are described with reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , taking the first needle-clamping device as an example Composition of the device.
  • 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the first needle clamping device in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the first needle clamping device, wherein the cutting plane passes through the centerline of the first threaded needle 1 and is perpendicular to the first support rod assembly.
  • the first needle clamping device includes a first part 100 , a second part 200 and a clamping mechanism 300 .
  • the first part 100 is provided on the first support rod assembly 10d.
  • the second part 200 can be rotated relative to the first part 100
  • the clamping mechanism 300 can be rotated relative to the second part 200 as a whole, and the axes of the two rotational movements are in a spatially vertical relationship.
  • the above connection relationship is convenient for adjusting the implantation device to a proper implantation position before the implantation operation.
  • the first member 100 includes a shaft portion 110 .
  • the shaft portion 110 is disposed at the top end of the first support rod assembly 10d.
  • the peripheral surface of the distal end of the shaft portion 110 is provided with a ring groove, which is used for installing a snap ring to limit the axial position.
  • the second part 200 is hinged with the shaft part 110 , the second part 200 includes a first part and a second part whose relative positions are variable, and the first part and the second part are arranged to clamp the shaft part 110 when the relative position changes.
  • the first and second portions of the second component are first and second gripping arms 210 and 220 disposed side by side.
  • the first end portion 211 of the first clamping arm 210 is connected to the first end portion 221 of the second clamping arm 220 .
  • a shaft hole 230 is further provided between the first clamping arm 210 and the second clamping arm 220 .
  • the second part 200 is a split ring structure, which can be made by milling holes and slits on a roughly cuboid blank, and the slits are arranged on the solid structure around the hole and along the radial direction of the hole, Holes and seams communicate.
  • the solid structure around the hole is the main ring body, and the solid structures on both sides of the slit can be regarded as the two ends of the main ring body each pointing to the extension outside the ring body (the second end part 212 and the second end part 222).
  • the first clamping arm 210 is a half of the split ring structure (the left half of the dotted line m in FIG. 6 ), including half of the main ring body and its extension (the second end 212 ).
  • the second clamping arm 220 is the other half of the split ring structure (the right half of the dotted line m in FIG. 6 ), including the other half of the main ring body and its extension (the second end 222 ).
  • the shaft hole 230 is a ring hole of a split ring structure.
  • the split ring structure is an integral structure, and the first end portion 211 of the first clamping arm 210 and the first end portion 221 of the second clamping arm 220 are fixedly connected.
  • the second end portion 212 of the first clamping arm 210 is provided with a through hole 213 , and the through hole 213 is perpendicular to the shaft hole 230 .
  • the second end portion 222 of the second clamping arm 220 is provided with a through hole 223 , and the through hole 223 is coaxially aligned with the through hole 213 .
  • the shaft hole 230 of the second component 200 has the same diameter as the shaft portion 110 of the first component 100 , and the two are connected through the shaft hole to form a rotational connection.
  • the diameter of the shaft hole 230 tends to decrease, so the first clamping arm 210 and the second clamping arm 220 can clamp the shaft portion 110 to achieve locking tight function.
  • the clamping mechanism 300 is used for clamping the needle, the clamping mechanism 300 is connected to the second part 200, the clamping mechanism 300 is configured to at least partially clamp the first part and the second part, and in the process of clamping the orthopaedic needle The first part and the second part are driven to change the relative position so that the second part 200 clamps the shaft part 110 .
  • the clamping mechanism 300 may include an inner shaft 310 , a handle member 320 , a locking sleeve 330 , a limit pin 340 and a spring 350 .
  • the inner shaft 310 penetrates through the second end portion 212 and the second end portion 222 of the second component.
  • the first end 311 and the second end 312 of the inner shaft 310 are distributed on both sides of the second component 200 , and the first end 311 is provided with a first limiting surface 314 .
  • the outer circumferential surface of the second end 312 is provided with threads.
  • the inner shaft 310 is inserted into the second end portion 212 and the second end portion 222 through the through hole 213 and the through hole 223 , the first end 311 protrudes from one side of the second end portion 222 , and the second end 312 protrudes on one side of the second end portion 212 .
  • the end section of the first end 311 is a square axis, the outer peripheral surface of this section is four planes, and a transition step is also provided between this section and the second end 312 .
  • the square shaft is also provided with a first radial hole 313 .
  • the first limiting surface 314 is the hole wall portion of the first radial hole 313 facing the second end 312 , that is, the right half of the hole wall of the first radial hole 313 in the figure. When locking the first threaded needle 1, this part of the hole wall contacts and presses the first threaded needle 1, so it is defined as the first limiting surface.
  • Part of the wall surface of the round hole is an implementation manner of the first limiting surface, and in some optional embodiments, the first radial hole 313 may also be a radially arranged recess such as a waist-shaped hole, a square hole, or a groove.
  • the first limiting surface is the hole wall portion facing the second end 312 in the above structure, and the hole wall portion may be a plane or a curved surface.
  • the handle member 320 is movably disposed on the second end 312 of the inner shaft 310 , and the handle member 320 can move axially on the inner shaft 310 as a whole when the handle member 320 moves relative to the inner shaft 310 .
  • the handle member 320 includes a cylindrical portion 321 , a handle portion 323 and a threaded hole 322 .
  • the handle portion 323 protrudes from the outer surface of the cylindrical portion 321 in the radial direction.
  • the screw hole 322 penetrates the cylindrical portion 321 .
  • the handle member 320 forms a nut-screw mechanism through the threaded hole 322 and the external thread of the inner shaft 310 . When the handle member 320 rotates on the inner shaft 310 , the inner shaft 310 can move axially at the same time.
  • the center of the locking sleeve 330 is provided with a through hole 331, and the through hole 331 is a stepped hole.
  • the locking sleeve 330 has a second limiting surface 333 and a second limiting surface 334 , which are arranged diagonally opposite to the first limiting surface 314 of the inner shaft 310 .
  • the maximum diameter of the through hole 331 (the right half of FIG. 6 ) is a square hole, the size of which matches the square axis of the first end 311 of the inner shaft 310 and forms a circumferential limit fit with the square shaft.
  • the locking sleeve 330 is provided with a second radial hole 332 penetrating in the radial direction.
  • the hole is divided into two sections by the through hole 331.
  • the second limiting surface 333 and the second limiting surface 334 are the sum of the two sections.
  • the end face of the first end 311 faces the uniform hole wall portion.
  • the second limiting surface Part of the wall surface of the round hole is only an embodiment of the second limiting surface, and in some optional embodiments, the second radial hole 332 may also be a waist-shaped hole, a square hole, or a groove, etc., which are arranged in the radial direction.
  • the second limiting surface is the hole wall portion (the hole wall portion facing away from the second component 200 ) in the concave structure that is aligned with the end face of the first end 311 , and the hole wall portion may be a plane or a curved surface.
  • the locking sleeve 330 is sleeved on the outside of the first end 311 of the inner shaft 310.
  • the locking sleeve 330 is axially movable relative to the inner shaft 310 .
  • the locking sleeve 330 is also provided with a radial hole for installing the limit pin 340, and the radial hole is located outside the second radial hole 332 (the right side of the second radial hole 332 in FIG. 6).
  • the limiting pin 340 is inserted into the radial hole of the locking sleeve 330 and is located outside the end face of the first end 311 to form an axial limiting structure for the inner shaft 310 .
  • the spring 350 is sleeved on the inner shaft 310 and is located in the through hole 331 of the locking sleeve 330 .
  • One end of the spring 350 abuts on a step of the through hole 331 , and the other end abuts on the shoulder of the transition step of the inner shaft 310 .
  • the spring 350 causes the first end 311 to protrude outward (rightward in FIG. 6 ) out of the through hole 331 (tendency to move the locking sleeve 330 toward the second end 312 of the inner shaft 310 ).
  • the handle piece 320 and the locking sleeve 330 are located on two sides of the second part 200 respectively. Both the handle member 320 and the locking sleeve 330 can move along the axial direction of the inner shaft 310. When the handle member 320 and the locking sleeve 330 are close to each other, the second component 200 can clamp the shaft portion 110 under the clamping of the two. , eliminating the two rotational degrees of freedom of the first needle-clamping device.
  • the embodiment of the present application only needs to drive the handle to realize the locking of the threaded needle and the locking of the two rotational degrees of freedom of the needle clamping device, which is convenient to operate and saves time and effort.
  • the orientation of the first threaded needle 1 is adjusted until an appropriate implantation path is reached, and a tool is used to drive the first threaded needle 1 into the patient's bone.
  • the handle member 320 is rotated so that it is close to the locking sleeve 330 .
  • the inner shaft 310 will pull the first threaded needle 1 and the locking sleeve 330 to approach the handle member 320 together.
  • the locking sleeve 330 acts on the second end portion 222 of the second component 200
  • the handle member 320 acts on the second end portion 212 , so that the first clamping arm 210 and the second clamping arm 220 clamp the shaft portion 110 .
  • the first limiting surface 314 of the inner shaft 310 and the second limiting surface 334 and the second limiting surface 333 of the locking sleeve 330 jointly clamp the first threaded needle 1, so that the first threaded needle 1 cannot move or turn.
  • the handle member 302 can also be a nut, the nut is connected with the second end 312 of the inner shaft 310 by a thread, and the nut can drive the first clamping arm when it moves along the inner shaft 310 and approaches the locking sleeve 330 210 and the second clamping arm 220 clamp the shaft portion 110 of the first member.
  • the clamping mechanism 300 has two rotational degrees of freedom relative to the first component 100, so the adjustment range of the threaded needle is relatively large.
  • the first threaded needle 1 can be clamped between the inner shaft 310 and the locking sleeve 330 only by turning the handle member 320, so that the inner shaft 310 and the handle member 320 are also locked with the second member 200.
  • the second member 200 It is locked with the first part 100, which is convenient to operate and saves time and effort.
  • the first radial hole 313 and the second radial hole 332 in the clamping mechanism 300 can also guide and support the first threaded needle 1, and the operator can The gripping and clamping mechanism 300 prevents the first threaded needle 1 from being deflected.
  • the cooperation of the limiting pin 340 and the spring 350 can also automatically align the second radial hole 332 with the first radial hole 313 , so as to facilitate the rapid insertion of the first threaded needle 1 .
  • the contact line between the first threaded needle 1 and the first radial hole 313 and the contact line between the first threaded needle 1 and the second radial hole 332 are parallel, and the contact line is long, so that the first threaded needle 1 is evenly stressed and locked reliable.
  • the spring 350 may also not be provided. During the operation, the operator can move the locking sleeve 330 to make the limiting pin 340 abut against the end surface of the first end 311 , and manually align the second radial hole 332 with the first radial hole 313 .
  • the limiting pin 340 and the spring 350 may not be provided.
  • the second radial hole 332 is manually aligned with the first radial hole 313 during operation.
  • no circumferential limit may be provided between the inner shaft 310 and the locking sleeve 330 , and the second radial hole 332 and the first radial hole 313 may be manually rotated and aligned during operation.
  • the circumferential limit between the inner shaft 310 and the locking sleeve 330 may be the cooperation of a guide groove along the axial direction of the inner shaft 310 and a key provided on the locking sleeve 330;
  • one or two flat surfaces are provided on the peripheral surface of the first end 311 , and corresponding matching structures are provided on the locking sleeve 330 .
  • the mating structure of the locking sleeve 330 may be formed by machining, or an additional part may be provided on the locking sleeve 330, and a part of the surface of the part forms a mating structure (such as the end face or outer peripheral surface of a pin or nail, the flat).
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a needle clamping device in another embodiment.
  • the structure of the needle-clamping device in this embodiment is basically the same as the structure and principle of the first needle-clamping device shown in FIG. 6 , the differences include: the second part 200a is a split structure, and the second part 200 is an integral structure; The inner shaft 310a and the locking sleeve 330a are not provided with radial holes, but the first threaded needle 1 is clamped through the gap between them; and there is no limit pin between the inner shaft 310a and the locking sleeve 330a Axial limit is performed.
  • the structural differences between the second component 200a, the inner shaft 310a and the locking sleeve 330a will be specifically described below.
  • the second part 200a is formed by connecting two separate clamping arms, and the two clamping arms are the first clamping arm 210a and the second clamping arm 220a in the figure.
  • the first clamping arm 210a includes a middle half ring body and a first end portion 211a and a second end portion 212a at both ends of the half ring body, and the second end portion 212a is longer than the first end portion 211a.
  • the second clamping arm 220a includes a middle half-ring body and a first end portion 221a and a second end portion 222a at both ends of the half-ring body, and the second end portion 222a is longer than the first end portion 221a.
  • the first clamping arm 210a and the second clamping arm 220a are fastened together, and the two half-ring bodies form an open ring body, and the center of the ring body is the shaft hole 230a.
  • the first end portion 211a is fixedly connected to the first end portion 221a.
  • the second end portion 212a is provided with a through hole 213a.
  • the second end portion 222a is provided with a through hole 223a. There is a gap 240a between the second end portion 212a and the second end portion 222a.
  • first end portion 211a and the first end portion 221a may also be hingedly connected.
  • the inner shaft 310a is different from the inner shaft 310 in that the first radial hole 313 is not provided, but a flange 313a is formed at the end of the first end 311a.
  • the side surface of the flange 313a facing the second end 312a is the first limiting surface 314a.
  • the flange 313a protrudes beyond the end surface of the locking sleeve 330a, the first limiting surface 314a faces the second limiting surface 334a, and a ring groove is formed therebetween.
  • the difference between the locking sleeve 330a and the locking sleeve 330 is that the second radial hole 332 and the radial hole for installing the limiting pin 340 are not provided.
  • the end surface of the locking sleeve 330a that is not adjacent to the second component 200a is the second limiting surface 334a.
  • a groove can also be provided on the side of the flange 313a to prevent the first threaded needle 1 from coming out in the radial direction.
  • the inner shaft 310a and the second member 200a there is no relative rotation between the inner shaft 310a and the second member 200a.
  • the position of the first threaded needle 1 in the annular groove formed by the first limiting surface 314a and the second limiting surface 334a is adjustable, so there is no need for rotational freedom between the inner shaft 310a and the second component 200a.
  • the inner shaft 310a and the second component 200a cannot rotate relative to each other, there is no circumferential limit between the locking sleeve 330a and the inner shaft 310a, and the two can rotate relative to each other. In other optional embodiments, the inner shaft 310a and the second component 200a cannot rotate relative to each other, there is no circumferential limit between the locking sleeve 330a and the inner shaft 310a, and the two can rotate relative to each other, and the lock A groove is provided on the end surface of the tight sleeve 330a. When the first threaded needle 1 is located in the groove, the locking sleeve 330a can follow the rotation of the first threaded needle 1 around the inner shaft 310a. This can not only ensure that the position of the first threaded needle 1 can be adjusted, but also prevent the first threaded needle 1 from coming out.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a needle clamping device in another embodiment.
  • the needle clamping device in this embodiment uses the cam handle 320b instead of the handle member 320 to realize the locking function.
  • a cam handle 320b and a sleeve 360 are disposed on the second end 312b of the inner shaft 310b, and the sleeve 360 is located between the second component 200 and the cam handle 320b.
  • the cam handle 320b rotates, the sleeve 360 can be driven to squeeze the second Part 200 achieves locking.
  • the cam handle 320b includes a cam portion and a handle portion, the cam portion is rotatably disposed on the second end 312b, and the rotation center line is perpendicular to the inner shaft 310b.
  • the contour surface of the cam portion rotates accordingly, and its rotational motion can be decomposed into the axial movement of the inner shaft 310b, the movement and rotation along the radial direction of the inner shaft 310b, which is equivalent to the movement of the cam handle 320b.
  • Part of the structure moves in the axial direction of the inner shaft 310b.
  • the sleeve 360 may not be provided, and the cam handle 320b may directly act on the second component 200 .
  • a cylindrical cam can also be used to replace the cam handle 320b.
  • the cylindrical cam and the inner shaft 310b are coaxially arranged and rotatable relative to each other.
  • the cam surface of the cylindrical cam is located on the end face of the cylinder.
  • the assembly weight faces the sleeve 360, and the sleeve 360 is provided with a protrusion facing the cam surface. The interaction between the cam surface and the sleeve 360 produces an axial displacement therebetween, thereby compressing the second component 200 .
  • the leg support device of the embodiment of the present application may further include a foot support 30, and the foot support 30 is installed on the base 90d.
  • the foot rest 30 can accommodate the foot of the patient, and the foot rest 30 is slidably connected with the base 90d, and the position of the foot rest 30 relative to the base 90d can be adjusted.
  • the footrest 30 is connected to the first sliding rail 91d by the footrest positioning device.
  • the structures of the foot rest 30 , the foot rest positioning device and the connection between them are the same as those shown in FIGS. 9 to 14 , and the specific structures can refer to the drawings and their descriptions, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the foot rest positioning device and the foot rest 30 in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the foot rest positioning device in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the locking block 300m in FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of the locking block driving member 400m in FIG. 1 .
  • the foot rest positioning device includes a sliding block 100m, a foot rest connecting mechanism 200m, a locking block 300m, a locking block driving member 400m, and a pin 500m.
  • the slider 100m is the base for bearing and installation, and the foot support connection mechanism 200m, the locking block 300m, the locking block driver 400m and the pin 500m are all set on the slider 100m.
  • the slider 100m is a rectangular plate structure.
  • the bottom 120m of the slider 100m is provided with a chute 121m, and the chute 121m is a dovetail slot.
  • the upper surface of the slider 100m is the load surface 110m, the load surface 110m is provided with a threaded hole 130m and a boss, and the boss is provided with a pin hole and a recess. Both the pin hole and the threaded hole 130m are perpendicular to the plate body, and the threaded hole 130m is a through hole.
  • the sliding block 100m is movably installed on the sliding rail 12 of the base 90d through the sliding groove 121m.
  • the foot rest connecting mechanism 200m includes a first clamp arm 210m, a second clamp arm 220m, a locking screw 230m and a pin 250m, and a accommodating cavity 240m is provided between the first clamp arm 210m and the second clamp arm 220m.
  • the second clamp arm 220m and the slider 100m are fixedly connected, and in this embodiment, they are integral structures.
  • the first clamp arm 210m is hingedly connected with the pin 250m, and is connected in the pin hole of the boss through the pin 500m.
  • the accommodating cavity 240m corresponds to the concave portion on the boss of the slider 100m.
  • the other ends of the first clamp arm 210m and the second clamp arm 220m are both provided with through holes, the through hole of the first clamp arm 210m is a waist-shaped hole, and the through hole of the second clamp arm 220m is a threaded hole.
  • the threaded hole of the second clamp arm 220m is a threaded hole of a nut embedded in the second clamp arm 220m, and the material of the nut can be a wear-reducing material.
  • One end of the locking screw 230m is provided with a nut, the other end is provided with a radial through hole, and a thread is provided in the middle.
  • the locking screw 230m is inserted into the through holes of the first clamp arm 210m and the second clamp arm 220m, and the threaded section of the locking screw 230m and the threaded hole of the second clamp arm 220m constitute a nut screw pair.
  • the radial hole of the locking screw 230m is provided with a lever, and the lever is used to rotate the locking screw 230m.
  • the second clamp arm 220m is a separate part, one end of the first clamp arm 210m and the second clamp arm 220m are hinged into one body through a pin 250m, and connected to the slider 100m through the pin 250m.
  • connection structure for clamping the footrest 30 in the accommodating cavity 240m of the footrest connecting mechanism 200m is a footrest connecting rod 600m, and the end of the footrest connecting rod 600m is provided with a ball head 610m .
  • the locking block 300m includes a locking portion 310m, an external thread portion 320m and a driving interface portion 330m.
  • the locking block 300m is a cylinder, the locking portion 310m and the external thread portion 320m are provided at both ends of the cylinder, and the external thread portion 320m is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main body.
  • a through hole is also provided in the center of the cylinder.
  • the locking portion 310m is the end face of the cylinder, and the end face is used to abut the upper surface of the base 90d.
  • the drive interface portion 330m is a plum blossom groove on the other end face of the cylinder.
  • the quincunx groove has an annular array of torque transmission parts 331m, and the torque transmission parts 331m are grooves along the radial direction of the cylinder, which can generate a torque of 300m on the locking block when the side wall of the groove is forced.
  • the number of grooves of the plum blossom groove is 9, and the array angle interval of the grooves is 40 degrees.
  • the 9 grooves can be regarded as a set of torque transmission parts.
  • the locking block 300m is disposed in the threaded hole 130m of the slider 100m through the external thread portion 320m.
  • the locking block driver 400m includes a torque output portion 410m and a handle portion 420m. Specifically, one end of the handle portion 420m is provided with a disc, and an end surface of the disc is provided with a torque output portion 410m.
  • the torque output 410m is a gear-like structure having an annular array of teeth 411m.
  • a through hole is provided in the center of the gear-shaped structure.
  • the outer contour of the torque output part 410m is the same as that of the drive interface part 330m, the torque output part 410m is embedded in the drive interface part 330m, and the teeth 411m of the torque output part 410m are embedded in the grooves of the Phillips groove of the drive interface part 330m.
  • the through hole 340m is coaxial with the through hole of the locking block driver 400m.
  • the pin 500m is inserted into the through hole of the locking block 300m and the locking block driver 400m, and together with the shaft snap ring, limits the radial displacement between the locking block 300m and the locking block driver 400m.
  • the locking block 300m When the locking block 300m is driven to rotate by the locking block driver 400m, the locking block 300m can move axially relative to the slider 100m and press against the base 90d, so that the slider 100m is fixed on the base 90d.
  • the azimuth relationship between the locking block driver 400m and the locking block 300m can be set according to actual needs. For example, during the locking operation, the handle needs to be rotated, and the required force is the largest just before reaching the locking position. If the operating space of the handle is relatively small near the locking position, it will cause inconvenience in operation. It is therefore necessary to set the handle to have sufficient space between the handle and the surrounding structure in the locked state. Specifically, in this solution, the locking block driving member 400m is located below the foot rest 30 , so the position of the locking block driving member 400m shown in FIG. 11 is in the locked state for easy operation.
  • the torque output portion 410m may be provided with a smaller number of teeth 411m, such as three evenly distributed.
  • the torque transmission portion 331m in the drive interface portion 330m is equivalent to three groups, and each group has three annular grooves evenly distributed.
  • the torque output part 410m may be provided with a smaller number of teeth 411m, such as 1, 2, 3 or 4, and the angular interval between the teeth 411m is 40 degrees (equivalent to removing the number of teeth 411m in FIG. 12 ). Some adjacent teeth 411m of torque output 410m).
  • the foot rest 30 is an "L"-shaped structure, which is similar to the shape of the foot and lower leg of a human body.
  • the foot support 30 includes an "L"-shaped bottom plate and two side plates 31 on both sides of the bottom plate, and the space between the two side plates 31 is used for accommodating feet.
  • the edge of the side plate 31 is provided with a notch 32
  • the outer side of the side plate 31 is provided with a limiting protrusion 33 .
  • the limiting protrusion 33 can prevent the strap from slipping off.
  • the bandage can pass through the gap 32, which can effectively fix the foot.
  • the bottom of the foot rest 30 is provided with a foot rest connecting rod 600m, and the end of the foot rest connecting rod 600m is provided with a ball head 610m.
  • the foot rest 30 is installed in the accommodating cavity 240m of the foot rest connecting mechanism 200m through the ball head 610m, and the ball head 610m is clamped by the first clamp arm 210m and the second clamp arm 220m.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a locking block and a locking block driving member in another embodiment.
  • the locking block driving member 400n includes a torque output portion 410n, a handle portion 420n, a cylindrical base 430n and a positioning column 440n.
  • the cylindrical base 430n is provided at the end of the handle portion 420n.
  • the torque output portion 410n is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical base 430n.
  • the positioning column 440n is disposed on the lower end surface of the cylindrical base 430n.
  • the driving interface portion 330n of the locking block 300n is a groove on the end face of the locking block 300n, and the side wall of the groove includes an arc surface portion 350n and a plurality of torque transmission portions 331n.
  • the torque transmission portion 331n is a groove in the radial direction, and the shape is adapted to the torque output portion 410n.
  • the locking block 300n is further provided with a through hole 340n coaxial with the arc surface portion 350n.
  • the positioning post 440n can form a shaft hole matching with the through hole 340n.
  • the cylindrical base 430n and the arc surface portion 350n are also matched with a cylindrical surface, so in some embodiments, the positioning post 440n may not be provided.

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Abstract

夹针装置和腿支架装置，夹针装置包括：第一部件(100)，具有轴部(110)；第二部件(200, 200a)，与轴部(110)铰接，第二部件(200, 200a)包括相对位置可变的第一部分和第二部分，第一部分与第二部分被设置为在发生相对位置变化时能夹紧轴部(110)；夹紧机构(300)，用于夹针，夹紧机构(300)连接于第二部件(200, 200a)，夹紧机构(300)被设置为至少部分结构还夹持第一部分和第二部分，且在夹紧骨科用针的过程中驱动第一部分和第二部分产生相对位置变化以使第二部件(200, 200a)夹紧轴部(110)。能够减少锁紧和松开骨科用针的过程中操作繁琐程度，操作便捷，省时省力。

Description

夹针装置、腿支架装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2020年08月28日提交的、名称为“夹针装置及固定装置”的中国专利申请202010885394.9以及2020年10月16日提交的、名称为“腿支架装置”的中国专利申请202022330951.9以及2021年01月28日提交的、名称为“腿支架装置”的中国专利申请202110120633.6的优先权，该三项申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及医疗器械技术领域，特别是涉及夹针装置、腿支架装置。
背景技术
在例如膝关节置换手术的场景中，经常需要使患者肢体保持固定以便于进行手术操作。以膝关节置换手术为例，在对股骨进行截骨操作的过程中至少需要使股骨保持固定不动。传统的膝关节置换手术是依靠助手手扶患者腿部保持腿部的固定。手扶腿部的固定方式，增加了助手的劳动强度，并且准确性及规范性依赖于操作人员的体力水平，稳定性较差。
通过固定装置可以有效减轻医生的体力消耗及降低人工操作的不稳定性。固定装置的固定方式可以是将患肢绑定在支撑物上，或者通过螺纹针等器械与患肢的骨骼建立刚性连接，并将螺纹针固定在支撑物上。然而，使用固定装置会增加手术中的操作步骤，增加手术时长，导致患处的暴露时间增加。尤其是采用螺纹针的器械的固定方式，在植入螺纹针前需要在多个方向上调节螺纹针的入路，植入后需要将螺纹针固定在固定装置上，并且锁紧固定装置本身的零部件。上述操作不利于减少手术的繁琐程度。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种夹针装置、腿支架装置，以至少部分地解决上述技术问题。
第一方面，本申请提出了一种夹针装置，用于夹持骨科用针，夹针装置包括：第一部件，具有轴部；第二部件，与轴部铰接，第二部件包括相对位置可变的第一部分和第二部分，第一部分与第二部分被设置为在发生相对位置变化时能夹紧轴部；夹紧机构，用于夹针，夹紧机构连接于第二部件，夹紧机构被设置为至少部分结构还夹持第一部分和第二部分，且在夹紧骨科用针的过程中驱动第一部分和第二部分产生相对位置变化以使第二部件夹紧轴部。
在第一种可能的实现方式中，第二部件的第一部分和第二部分为并排设置的第一夹持臂和第二夹持臂，第一夹持臂的第一端部与第二夹持臂的第一端部连接，第一夹持臂的第二端部与第二夹持臂的第二端部之间具有预定距离，第一夹持臂和第二夹持臂之间还形成有轴孔；第二部件通过轴孔与第一部件的轴部形成转动连接。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，夹紧机构包括：内轴，贯穿第一夹持臂的第二端部与第二夹持臂的第二端部，内轴的第一端和第二端分布在第二部件的两侧，第一端设置有第一限位面；把手件，可动地设置于内轴的第二端，把手件相对于内轴活动时至少部分结构可在内轴轴向活动；锁紧套筒，具有通孔，套设于内轴的第一端的外部，锁紧套筒能相对于内轴移动，锁紧套筒具有第二限位面，第二限位面与内轴的第一限位面面对面或斜对面设置；其中，第二部件构成把手件和锁紧套筒在内轴上的轴向限位。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，内轴的第一端沿径向开设第一径向孔，第一径向孔的背向第一端的端面的孔壁部分为第一限位面，锁紧套筒沿径向开设第二径向孔，第二径向孔的与内轴的第一端的端面朝向一致的孔壁部分为第二限位面，第一限位面与第二限位面斜对面设置。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，内轴的第一端位于锁紧套筒内，锁紧套筒内设置有限位杆。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，内轴的第一端沿径向凸起设置凸缘，凸缘位于锁紧套筒背离第二部件的一端侧部，且凸缘和锁紧套筒背离第二部件的一端之间具有间隙，凸缘的面向锁紧套筒的一个侧面为第一限位面，第一端的面向凸缘的端面为第二限位面。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，把手件包括筒部和把手部，筒部和把手部连接，把手部沿径向凸出于筒部外，筒部和把手部套设于内轴的第二端外，并与内轴的第二端螺纹连接，把手部的一端与第一夹持臂的第二端部相接触，把手部转动时，能够带动内轴沿轴向移动，并带动锁紧套筒挤压第二夹持臂的第二端部。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式中，把手件为凸轮把手，凸轮把手包括凸轮部和把手部，凸轮部和把手部连接，凸轮部与内轴的第二端可转动连接，把手部转动带动凸轮部转动时，能够带动内轴沿轴向移动，并带动锁紧套筒挤压第二夹持臂的第二端部。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第八种可能的实现方式中，内轴和锁紧套筒为周向限位连接。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第九种可能的实现方式中，内轴的外周面至少包括一个平行于内轴的平面区域，锁紧套筒的通孔的内周面设置有用于与平面区域配合的配合面，配合面与平面区域贴合形成周向限位。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第十种可能的实现方式中，内轴的第一端与锁紧套筒之间还设置有弹性件，弹性件作用于内轴并使内轴具有向锁紧套筒外部凸出的趋势。
第二方面，本申请提出了一种具有上述第一方面任一实现方式提供的夹针装置的腿支架装置，腿支架装置包括：底座；支撑杆组件，连接于底座；夹针装置设置于支撑杆组件的上部。
在第一种可能的实现方式中，支撑杆包括分设在底座的两侧的第一支撑杆组件和第二支撑杆组件，第一支撑杆组件和第二支撑杆组件中的至少一个与底座可拆卸连接。
结合上述可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，支撑杆与底座之间沿底座的侧边长度方向位置可调。
与现有技术相比，本申请实施例至少具有以下优点：
本申请实施例提供的夹针装置，夹针装置中的夹紧结构能够在夹紧骨科用针的同时使得第二部件夹紧第一部件的轴部，或者能够在松开骨科用针的同时使得第二部件松开第一部件的轴部，减少锁紧和松开骨科用针(如螺纹针)的过程中操作繁琐程度，操作便捷，省时省力。
此外，本申请实施例提供的腿支架装置，第一支撑杆组件和第二支撑杆组件至少一个分别与底座之间可拆卸连接，可以根据接受手术的腿选择安装左侧或右侧的夹针器装置，减少对手术空间的占用，便于在人体膝关节周围实施操作。并且，还能减少手术前器械消毒的需求，因为仅需对需要安装到底座上的支撑杆组件进行消毒即可。并且，第一支撑杆组件和第二支撑杆组件分设在底座的两侧，二者与底座上表面之间的空间可供手术过程中或手术完成后患肢伸直平放以检查关节韧带张力，不必将腿支架装置从手术床上移开以腾出空间平放患肢。且通过第一支撑杆组件对腿部定位，避免了手扶固定的稳定性和准确性较差的问题。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来描述本申请示例性实施例的特征、优点和技术效果。
图1为根据本申请实施例的腿支架装置的结构示意图；
图2为图1中底座的结构示意图；
图3为图1中竖筒用于与底座连接的结构的示意图；
图4为图1中竖筒和立柱之间的结构示意图；
图5为图1中夹针装置的结构示意图；
图6为示意性示出图5的夹针装置的结构的剖面图；
图7为示意性示出另一个实施例中夹针装置的结构的剖面图；
图8为示意性示出另一个实施例中夹针装置的结构的剖面图；
图9示出了图1中足托定位装置的结构示意图及足托的剖面图；
图10为图9中足托定位装置的放大视图；
图11为图1中足托定位装置的立体图；
图12为图1中锁紧块的结构示意图；
图13为图1中锁紧块驱动件的结构示意图；
图14为另一个实施例中锁紧块和锁紧块驱动件的结构示意图；
在附图中，附图未必按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
为了更好地理解本申请，下面结合图1至图14对本申请实施例进行描述。
参考图1，图1为本申请公开的一个实施例中腿支架装置的结构示意图。腿支架装置可以应用于外科手术中，对例如腿等患肢进行支撑和固定，如可以在全膝关节置换术中固定股骨。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供腿支架装置，其包括：底座90d、第一支撑杆组件10d、第二支撑杆组件20d、第一夹针装置和第二夹针装置，第 一夹针装置和第二夹针装置的结构可以相同。
底座90d作为装置的安装和支撑基础，底座90d上安装第一支撑杆组件10d以及第二支撑杆组件20d。
请参阅图1，在一些可选实施例中，两个夹针装置的支撑基础是两个独立的支撑杆结构，即第一支撑杆组件10d和第二支撑杆组件20d。第一支撑杆组件10d和第二支撑杆组件20d分别与底座90d之间可拆卸连接，这样可以根据接受手术的腿选择安装左侧或右侧的夹针器装置。这样可以减少对手术空间的占用，便于在人体膝关节周围实施操作。并且，还能减少手术前器械消毒的需求，因为仅需对需要安装到底座90d上的支撑杆组件进行消毒即可。
第一支撑杆组件10d和第二支撑杆组件20d之间无横梁，因此在手术中或手术结束后，医生可以直接将患者的腿放平进行关节屈伸观察，而无需将腿支架装置撤下。另外，医生可以根据操作的便利性选择只安装第一支撑杆组件10d或第二支撑杆组件20d，而无需将两个都装上，减少操作步骤，并且减少占用的膝关节附近的操作空间。支撑杆组件还可以通过底部的滑块调整在滑轨上的位置，可以适应更多的临床状况。
第一支撑杆组件10d、第二支撑杆组件20d可以与底座90d滑动连接，第一支撑杆组件10d、第二支撑杆组件20d能够相对底座90d滑动，可以对腿部的位置进行微调；当然第一支撑杆组件10d、第二支撑杆组件20d和底座90d之间也可以设置锁紧机构，用于锁定第一支撑杆组件10d、第二支撑杆组件20d和底座90d的相对位置。
请参阅图2，具体地，底座90d为工字形底板，中间设置有第一滑轨91d，第一滑轨91d一端的两侧分别设置第二滑轨92d和第三滑轨93d。
第一支撑杆组件10d与第二支撑杆组件20d对称地设置在第一滑轨91d两侧，两个夹针装置也是对称设置。
请参阅图1、图3和图4，以下以第一支撑杆组件10d为例说明其结构组成。
竖筒11d的下端通过第二滑块100e连接在底座90d的第二滑轨92d上，并由锁紧块300e、锁紧块驱动件400e和销钉500e控制与第二滑轨92d 之间锁紧。第二滑块100e、锁紧块300e、锁紧块驱动件400e和销钉500e的结构及其连接关系与图10至图14中的滑块100m、锁紧块300m、锁紧块驱动件400m及销钉500m的结构及其变形相同。
竖筒11d的上端设置夹紧装置，夹紧装置可以对插入竖筒11d中的立柱12d进行锁紧。夹紧装置包括凸轮把手13d、第一抱紧臂14d、第二抱紧臂15d和锁紧螺钉16d。第一抱紧臂14d的一端和第二抱紧臂15d的一端铰接，二者中部设置有弧形的夹持部，另一端之间有缝隙。凸轮把手13d设置在两个抱紧臂设置有缝隙的部位，通过凸轮部改变夹紧臂之间的距离以实现夹紧作用。凸轮把手13d和螺母以及转动轴等构成凸轮把手组件，用于实现夹紧臂的夹紧。锁紧螺钉16d也可以从径向对竖筒11d内的立柱12d进行锁紧。当然，上述锁紧机构并不是唯一的，如可以不设置锁紧螺钉16d，或者仅设置锁紧螺钉16d，或者采用夹针装置中的夹紧结构等。
立柱12d插装在竖筒11d中，在需要时可以松开凸轮把手13d以调节插入深度，从而改变立柱12d顶端夹针装置相对于底座90d的高度。
在一些可选实施例中，第一支撑杆组件10d还可以替换为具有固定长度的支撑杆/臂，即，竖筒11d和立柱12d之间为固定连接，二者在轴向上长度不可调。
在一些可选实施例中，第一支撑杆组件10d和第二支撑杆组件20d还可以通过其他方式与底座90d之间连接。如直接以螺钉、螺栓或其他紧固结构固定在底座90d上。
在一些可选实施例中，还可以仅设置第一支撑杆组件10d或第二支撑杆组件20d。使用时，可以根据实际需要，将第一支撑杆组件10d安装在底座90d上的第一滑轨91d或第二滑轨92d上。具体地，可以将第一支撑杆组件10d以图1中的姿态安装在第三滑轨93d上；也可以将第一支撑杆组件10d相对于图1中的姿态绕其长轴自转180度后再安装在第三滑轨93d上，这样夹针装置仍位于外侧，便于操作。
第一夹针装置和第二夹针装置分别设置在第一支撑杆组件10d和第二支撑杆组件20的顶部。第一夹针装置能够夹紧第一螺纹针1。在夹紧第一螺纹针1之前，第一夹针装置相对于第一支撑杆组件10d有两个转动自由 度，操作人员可以根据需要灵活调整第一螺纹针1的方向。将第一螺纹针1植入患肢后，只需一次拧紧即可夹紧第一螺纹针1且使第一夹针装置与第一支撑杆组件10d之间锁定，操作简便。第二夹针装置与第二螺纹针和第二螺纹针之间也具有上述连接关系。
一些可选实施例中，第二夹针装置还可以替换为其他形式的夹针装置；在另一些可选实施例中，第二夹针装置还可以替换为绑带等紧固机构。只要设置有第一夹针装置，就可以在一定程度上降低锁紧和松开螺纹针的过程中操作繁琐程度。
经本申请的发明人发现，相关技术中所采用的螺纹针的器械的固定方式，在植入螺纹针前需要在多个方向上调节螺纹针的入路，植入后需要将螺纹针固定在固定装置上，并且锁紧固定装置本身的零部件。上述操作不利于减少手术的繁琐程度。
鉴于上述发现，本申请实施例还提供了夹针装置，用于夹持骨科用针，至少能降低锁紧和松开螺纹针的过程中操作繁琐程度。为了便于理解本申请实施例的夹针装置，以下进一步结合图5和图6，以第一夹针装置为例一同说明本申请实施例的夹针装置、第一夹针装置以及第二夹针装置的构成。图5为图1中第一夹针装置的结构示意图；图6为第一夹针装置的剖视图，其中剖切平面经过第一螺纹针1中心线且垂直于第一支撑杆组件。
第一夹针装置包括第一部件100、第二部件200和夹紧机构300。第一部件100设置在第一支撑杆组件10d上。在未锁紧状态下，第二部件200可相对于第一部件100转动，夹紧机构300整体可相对于第二部件200转动，且上述两个转动运动的轴线呈空间垂直关系。上述连接关系便于植入操作前调整植入器械至合适的植入方位。
第一部件100包括轴部110。轴部110设置于第一支撑杆组件10d顶端。轴部110的末端周面设置有环槽，用于安装卡环进行轴向限位。
第二部件200，与轴部110铰接，第二部件200包括相对位置可变的第一部分和第二部分，第一部分与第二部分被设置为在发生相对位置变化时能夹紧轴部110。在一些实施例中，第二部件的第一部分和第二部分为并 排设置的第一夹持臂210和第二夹持臂220。第一夹持臂210的第一端部211与第二夹持臂220的第一端部221连接。第一夹持臂210的第二端部212与第二夹持臂220的第二端部222之间具有预定间距，即间隙240。第一夹持臂210和第二夹持臂220之间还设置有轴孔230。
图示的实施例中，第二部件200为开口环结构，可以是在一个大致长方体的毛坯上铣孔和切缝制成，缝设置在孔周边的实体机构上且沿孔的径向设置，孔和缝连通。孔周围的实体结构为主环体，缝两侧的实体结构可视为主环体的两个末端各自指向环体外部的延伸部(第二端部212和第二端部222)。第一夹持臂210为开口环结构的一半结构(图6中虚线m的左半部分)，包括主环体的一半和其延伸部(第二端部212)。第二夹持臂220为开口环结构的另一半结构(图6中虚线m的右半部分)，包括主环体的另一半和其延伸部(第二端部222)。轴孔230为开口环结构的环孔。开口环结构为一体结构，第一夹持臂210的第一端部211与第二夹持臂220的第一端部221之间属于固定连接。
第一夹持臂210的第二端部212上设置有通孔213，通孔213垂直于轴孔230。第二夹持臂220的第二端部222上设置有通孔223，通孔223与通孔213同轴对齐。
第二部件200的轴孔230与第一部件100的轴部110等径，二者通过轴孔配合形成转动连接。使第二端部212与第二端部222相互靠近时，轴孔230的孔径有减小的趋向，因此第一夹持臂210和第二夹持臂220可以夹紧轴部110，实现锁紧功能。
夹紧机构300，用于夹针，夹紧机构300连接于第二部件200，夹紧机构300被设置为至少部分结构还夹持第一部分和第二部分，且在夹紧骨科用针的过程中驱动第一部分和第二部分产生相对位置变化以使第二部件200夹紧轴部110。在一些实施例中，夹紧机构300可以包括内轴310、把手件320、锁紧套筒330、限位销340和弹簧350。
内轴310贯穿第二部件的第二端部212与第二端部222。内轴310的第一端311和第二端312分布在第二部件200的两侧，第一端311设置有第一限位面314。第二端312的外圆周面设置有螺纹。
具体地：内轴310通过通孔213和通孔223插接在第二端部212和第二端部222，第一端311凸出第二端部222的一侧，第二端312凸出于第二端部212的一侧。第一端311末端段为方轴，该段的外周面为四个平面，该段与第二端312之间还设置有过渡台阶。方轴上还设置有第一径向孔313。第一限位面314为第一径向孔313的面向第二端312的孔壁部分，即图中第一径向孔313的右半部分孔壁。在对第一螺纹针1进行锁紧时，该部分孔壁接触和压紧第一螺纹针1，因此将其定义为第一限位面。圆孔的部分壁面为第一限位面的一种实现方式，而在一些可选实施例中，第一径向孔313还可以为腰型孔、方孔或槽等沿径向设置的凹陷结构，第一限位面为上述结构中面向第二端312的孔壁部分，该孔壁部分可以为平面或曲面。
把手件320可动地设置于内轴310的第二端312，把手件320相对于内轴310活动时整体可在内轴310轴向移动。具体地：把手件320包括筒部321、把手部323和螺纹孔322。把手部323沿径向凸出于筒部321的外表面。螺纹孔322贯穿筒部321。把手件320通过螺纹孔322与内轴310的外螺纹形成螺母丝杠机构，把手件320在内轴310上转动时同时可以在内轴310轴向移动。
锁紧套筒330的中心设置有通孔331，通孔331为台阶孔。锁紧套筒330具有第二限位面333和第二限位面334，二者与内轴310的第一限位面314呈斜对面设置。具体地：通孔331的最大孔径处(图6中右半部分)为方孔，其尺寸与内轴310第一端311的方轴匹配并与该方轴形成周向限位配合。锁紧套筒330上设置有在径向贯通的第二径向孔332，该孔被通孔331分割为两段，第二限位面333和第二限位面334为这两段的与第一端311的端面朝向一致的孔壁部分。在对第一螺纹针1进行锁紧时，该部分孔壁将接触和压紧第一螺纹针1，因此将其定义为第二限位面。圆孔的部分壁面仅为第二限位面的一种实施方式，而在一些可选实施例中，第二径向孔332还可以为腰型孔、方孔或槽等沿径向设置的凹陷结构，第二限位面为该凹陷结构中的与第一端311的端面朝向一致的孔壁部分(背向第二部件200的孔壁部分)，该孔壁部分可以为平面或曲面。锁紧套筒330套 设于内轴310的第一端311的外部。锁紧套筒330能相对于内轴310在轴向移动。
锁紧套筒330还设置有用于安装限位销340的径向孔，该径向孔位于第二径向孔332的外侧(图6中第二径向孔332的右侧)。限位销340插装于锁紧套筒330的该径向孔中，并位于第一端311端面的外侧，形成对内轴310的轴向限位结构。
弹簧350套设在内轴310上且位于锁紧套筒330的通孔331中。弹簧350的一端抵靠在通孔331的一个台阶上，另一端抵靠在内轴310的过渡台阶的肩部。弹簧350使第一端311有向外(图6中向右)凸出于通孔331的趋势(使锁紧套筒330向内轴310的第二端312一侧移动的趋势)。
把手件320和锁紧套筒330分别位于第二部件200的两侧。把手件320和锁紧套筒330均可以沿内轴310的轴向移动，当把手件320和锁紧套筒330相互靠近时，在二者夹持下第二部件200可以箍紧轴部110，消除第一夹针装置的两个转动自由度。
本申请实施例只需驱动把手件即可实现对螺纹针的锁紧及对夹针装置的两个转动自由度的锁紧，操作便捷，省时省力。
使用过程说明：
旋转把手件320使其与锁紧套筒330间距变大。该过程中，在弹簧350作用下内轴310的第一端311向限位销340靠近并最终抵靠在限位销340，此时第二径向孔332与第一径向孔313对齐，插入第一螺纹针1。
调整第一螺纹针1的方位直至到达合适的植入路径，使用工具驱动第一螺纹针1进入患者骨骼。
旋转把手件320使其靠近锁紧套筒330。该过程中内轴310会拉动第一螺纹针1和锁紧套筒330一起向把手件320靠近。锁紧套筒330作用在第二部件200的第二端部222，把手件320作用在第二端部212，使得第一夹持臂210和第二夹持臂220夹紧轴部110。并且，内轴310的第一限位面314与锁紧套筒330的第二限位面334和第二限位面333共同夹紧第一螺纹针1，使第一螺纹针1无法移动或转动。在另一些实施例中，把手件302还可以为螺母，螺母与内轴310的第二端312为螺纹连接，螺母沿内轴310 移动并靠近锁紧套筒330时可以驱动第一夹持臂210和第二夹持臂220夹紧第一部件的轴部110。
上述操作过程，夹紧机构300相对于第一部件100具有两个转动自由度，因此螺纹针的调节范围较大。只需转动把手件320即可将第一螺纹针1夹紧在内轴310与锁紧套筒330之间，使内轴310和把手件320也与第二部件200锁紧，第二部件200与第一部件100之间锁紧，操作便捷，省时省力。另外，在驱动第一螺纹针1进入患者骨骼的过程中，夹紧机构300中第一径向孔313和第二径向孔332还能对第一螺纹针1进行导向和支撑，操作者可以握持夹紧机构300防止第一螺纹针1偏移。限位销340和弹簧350的配合还能使第二径向孔332与第一径向孔313自动对齐，便于第一螺纹针1快速插入。第一螺纹针1与第一径向孔313的接触线和第一螺纹针1与第二径向孔332的接触线平行，接触线较长，使得第一螺纹针1均匀受力，锁紧牢靠。在一些可选实施例中，还可以不设置弹簧350。操作过程中可以由操作者挪动锁紧套筒330，使限位销340与第一端311的端面抵靠，人工实现第二径向孔332与第一径向孔313对齐。
在一些可选实施例中，还可以不设置限位销340和弹簧350。操作过程中由人工对齐第二径向孔332与第一径向孔313。
在一些可选实施例中，内轴310与锁紧套筒330之间可以不设置周向限位，操作过程中可以人工旋转对齐第二径向孔332与第一径向孔313。
在一些可选实施例中，内轴310与锁紧套筒330之间的周向限位可以是沿内轴310的轴向的导向槽与设置在锁紧套筒330上的键的配合；或者在第一端311的周面设置一个或两个平面，锁紧套筒330上设置对应的配合结构。锁紧套筒330的配合结构可以是加工形成的，也可以是在锁紧套筒330上设置额外的零件、该零件的部分表面形成配合结构(如销或钉的端面或外周面、键的平面)。
参考图7，图7为另一个实施例中夹针装置的结构示意图。本实施例中夹针装置的结构与图6中所示的第一夹针装置的结构和原理基本一致，不同之处包括：第二部件200a为分体结构，第二部件200为整体结构；内轴310a和锁紧套筒330a不设置径向孔，而是通过二者之间的缝隙对第一 螺纹针1进行夹紧；以及，内轴310a与锁紧套筒330a之间无限位销进行轴向限位。以下具体对第二部件200a、内轴310a和锁紧套筒330a的结构不同之处进行说明。
第二部件200a由两个单独的夹持臂连接构成，两个夹持臂为图中的第一夹持臂210a和第二夹持臂220a。第一夹持臂210a包括中间的半环体和半环体两端的第一端部211a和第二端部212a，第二端部212a长度大于第一端部211a。第二夹持臂220a包括中间的半环体和半环体两端的第一端部221a和第二端部222a，第二端部222a长度大于第一端部221a。第一夹持臂210a和第二夹持臂220a扣合在一起，两个半环体形成开口环体，环体中心为轴孔230a。第一端部211a与第一端部221a之间固定连接。第二端部212a上设置有通孔213a。第二端部222a上设置有通孔223a。第二端部212a与第二端部222a之间具有间隙240a。
在一些可选实施例中，第一端部211a与第一端部221a之间还可以为铰接连接。
内轴310a与内轴310的不同之处在于，不设置第一径向孔313，而是在第一端311a末端形成有凸缘313a。凸缘313a的面向第二端312a的侧面为第一限位面314a。在装配体中，凸缘313a凸出于锁紧套筒330a的端面之外，第一限位面314a面对第二限位面334a，二者之间形成环槽。
锁紧套筒330a与锁紧套筒330的不同之处在于，不设置第二径向孔332和用于安装限位销340的径向孔。锁紧套筒330a的不与第二部件200a相邻的端面为第二限位面334a。
转动把手件320时，内轴310a与锁紧套筒330a之间有轴向相对位移，因此可以夹紧或松开第一螺纹针1。凸缘313a的侧面也可以设置凹槽，以防止第一螺纹针1沿径向脱出。
在一些可选实施例中，内轴310a与第二部件200a之间不能相对转动。第一螺纹针1在第一限位面314a和第二限位面334a形成的环槽中的位置可调，因此并不需要内轴310a与第二部件200a之间具有转动自由度。
在一些可选实施例中，内轴310a与第二部件200a之间不能相对转动，锁紧套筒330a与内轴310a之间无周向限位，二者之间可以相对转动。在 另一些可选实施例中，内轴310a与第二部件200a之间不能相对转动，锁紧套筒330a与内轴310a之间无周向限位，二者之间可以相对转动，且锁紧套筒330a的端面上设置有凹槽。第一螺纹针1位于凹槽时，第一螺纹针1绕内轴310a转动过程中，锁紧套筒330a可以随动。这样既能保证第一螺纹针1可以调整位置，又能防止第一螺纹针1脱出。
参考图8，图8为另一个实施例中夹针装置的结构示意图。本实施例中的夹针装置与图6所示的第一夹针装置相比，使用凸轮把手320b替换了把手件320实现锁紧功能。具体地，内轴310b的第二端312b上设置凸轮把手320b和套筒360，套筒360位于第二部件200与凸轮把手320b之间，凸轮把手320b转动时可以驱动套筒360挤压第二部件200实现锁紧。凸轮把手320b包括凸轮部和把手部，凸轮部可转动地设置于第二端312b上，转动中心线垂直于内轴310b。拨动凸轮把手320b时，凸轮部的轮廓表面随之转动，其转动运动可以分解为在内轴310b的轴向的移动、沿内轴310b径向的移动和转动，相当于于凸轮把手320b的部分结构在内轴310b的轴向活动。
在一些可选实施例中，还可以不设置套筒360，凸轮把手320b可以直接作用于第二部件200。在另一些可选实施例中，还可以采用圆柱凸轮替代凸轮把手320b。圆柱凸轮与内轴310b同轴设置且可相对转动，圆柱凸轮的凸轮面位于圆柱的端面，在装配体重面对套筒360，套筒360上设置面对凸轮面的凸起，转动圆柱凸轮时凸轮面与套筒360之间相互作用使二者之间产生轴向位移，从而压紧第二部件200。
本申请实施例的腿支架装置还可以包括足托30，足托30安装于底座90d上。足托30可以容纳患者的足部，足托30与底座90d滑动连接，可以调整足托30相对底座90d的位置。
具体为，足托30由足托定位装置连接在第一滑轨91d上。其中足托30、足托定位装置的结构及其二者之间的连接关系与图9至图14中所示的结构相同，具体结构可参考图示及其说明，此处不再赘述。
参考图9至图13，图9为图1中足托定位装置及足托30的剖面图；图10为图9中足托定位装置的放大视图；图11为图1中足托定位装置的立体 图；图12为图1中锁紧块300m的结构示意图；图13为图1中锁紧块驱动件400m的结构示意图。
足托定位装置包括滑块100m、足托连接机构200m、锁紧块300m、锁紧块驱动件400m、和销钉500m。滑块100m为承载和安装基础，足托连接机构200m、锁紧块300m、锁紧块驱动件400m和销钉500m均设置在滑块100m上。
滑块100m为矩形板结构。滑块100m的底部120m设置有滑槽121m，滑槽121m为燕尾槽。滑块100m的上表面为负载面110m，负载面110m上设置有螺纹孔130m和一个凸台，凸台上设置有一个销孔和凹陷部。销孔和螺纹孔130m均垂直于板体，螺纹孔130m为通孔。滑块100m通过滑槽121m可动地设置于底座90d的滑轨12上。
足托连接机构200m包括第一钳臂210m、第二钳臂220m、锁紧螺钉230m和销250m，第一钳臂210m和第二钳臂220m之间设置有容纳腔240m。第二钳臂220m与滑块100m之间固定连接，本实施例中为一体结构。第一钳臂210m与销250m之间铰接连接，并通过销钉500m连接在凸台的销孔中。其中容纳腔240m与滑块100m凸台上的凹陷部对应。第一钳臂210m和第二钳臂220m的另一端均设置有通孔，第一钳臂210m的通孔为腰型孔，第二钳臂220m的通孔为螺纹孔。其中第二钳臂220m的螺纹孔为镶嵌在第二钳臂220m中的螺母的螺纹孔，螺母材质可以为减磨材料。锁紧螺钉230m的一端设有螺帽，另一端设置有径向通孔，中部设置有螺纹。锁紧螺钉230m插设在第一钳臂210m和第二钳臂220m的通孔中，且锁紧螺钉230m的螺纹段与第二钳臂220m的螺纹孔构成螺母丝杠副。锁紧螺钉230m的径向孔设置有拨杆，拨杆用于转动锁紧螺钉230m。在一些可选实施例中，第二钳臂220m为单独的零件，第一钳臂210m和第二钳臂220m各自的一端通过销250m铰接成一体，并通过销250m连接在滑块100m上。
足托连接机构200m的容纳腔240m中用于夹紧足托30的连接结构，本实施例中足托30的连接结构为足托连接杆600m，足托连接杆600m的末端设置有球头610m。
锁紧块300m包括锁紧部310m、外螺纹部320m和驱动接口部330m。锁紧块300m为柱体，锁紧部310m和外螺纹部320m设置在柱体的两端，外螺纹部320m设置于主体外周面。柱体中心还设置有通孔。锁紧部310m为柱体的端面，该端面用于抵紧底座90d的上表面。驱动接口部330m为柱体另一个端面的梅花槽。其中，梅花槽具有环形阵列的扭矩传递部331m，扭矩传递部331m为沿柱体径向的凹槽，对凹槽的侧壁施力时能产生对锁紧块300m的转矩。本实施例中，梅花槽的凹槽数量为9，凹槽的阵列角度间隔为40度。9个凹槽可视为一组扭矩传递部。锁紧块300m通过外螺纹部320m设置在滑块100m的螺纹孔130m中。
锁紧块驱动件400m包括扭矩输出部410m和手柄部420m。具体地，手柄部420m一个末端设置有圆盘，圆盘的端面设置扭矩输出部410m。扭矩输出部410m为齿轮状结构，其具有环形阵列的齿411m。齿轮状结构中心设置有贯通的通孔。扭矩输出部410m的外轮廓与驱动接口部330m的外轮廓相同，扭矩输出部410m嵌入在驱动接口部330m内，扭矩输出部410m的齿411m嵌入在驱动接口部330m梅花槽的凹槽内。通孔340m与锁紧块驱动件400m的通孔同轴。
销钉500m插接在锁紧块300m和锁紧块驱动件400m的通孔，并与轴用卡环一起限制锁紧块300m和锁紧块驱动件400m之间的径向位移。
通过锁紧块驱动件400m驱动锁紧块300m转动时，锁紧块300m可以相对于滑块100m在轴向移动并抵紧底座90d，使滑块100m固定在底座90d上。
装配时，锁紧块驱动件400m与锁紧块300m之间的方位关系可以根据实际需求设定。如，锁紧操作过程需要转动把手，在即将到达锁紧位置前所需的力最大，如果在锁紧位置附近把手的操作空间比较小，会造成操作不便。因此需要将把手设定为在锁紧状态下把手与周围结构之间具有足够的空间。具体到本方案中，锁紧块驱动件400m位于足托30下方，因此图11中所示的锁紧块驱动件400m的位置为锁紧状态时便于操作。装配时，先不安装足托30，将锁紧块300m拧入滑块100m的螺纹孔130m，销钉500m插入锁紧块300m的通孔340m中，再将滑块100m安装在滑轨12上。 使用锁紧块驱动件400m转动锁紧块300m锁定滑块100m，此时锁紧块驱动件400m相对于滑块100m的位置可以是任意的。取出锁紧块驱动件400m，安装图10所示的位置安装锁紧块驱动件400m，再转动锁紧块驱动件400m使锁紧块300m与底座90d松开，卸下滑块100m，使销钉500m从锁紧块驱动件400m的通孔凸出并用卡环实现轴向限位。
在一些可选实施例中，扭矩输出部410m可以设置更少数量的齿411m，如均布的3个。这种情况下，驱动接口部330m中的扭矩传递部331m相当于有三组，每组都有3个环形均布的凹槽。
在一些可选实施例中，扭矩输出部410m可以设置更少数量的齿411m，如1个、2个、3个或4个，齿411m之间角度间隔为40度(相当于去除图12中扭矩输出部410m的一些相邻的齿411m)。
足托30为“L”形结构，与人体的脚和小腿处形状相似。足托30包括“L”形底板和底板两侧的两个侧板31，两个侧板31之间的空间用于容纳足部。侧板31边缘设置有缺口32，侧板31的外侧设置有限位凸起33。在对患者的脚进行绑定时，限位凸起33可以防止绑带滑落。患者足部比较瘦小时，绑带可以从缺口32穿过，能对足部进行有效固定。足托30底部设置有足托连接杆600m，足托连接杆600m末端设置有球头610m。足托30通过球头610m安装在足托连接机构200m的容纳腔240m中，由第一钳臂210m和第二钳臂220m对球头610m进行夹紧。
参考图14，图14为另一个实施例中锁紧块和锁紧块驱动件的结构示意图。
本实施例中锁紧块驱动件400n包括扭矩输出部410n、手柄部420n、圆柱基座430n和定位柱440n。圆柱基座430n设置于手柄部420n的末端。扭矩输出部410n设置于圆柱基座430n的外圆周面。定位柱440n设置于圆柱基座430n的下端面。锁紧块300n的驱动接口部330n为在锁紧块300n的端面的凹槽，凹槽的侧壁包括弧面部350n和多个扭矩传递部331n。扭矩传递部331n为沿径向的凹槽，形状与扭矩输出部410n适配。锁紧块300n还设有与弧面部350n同轴的通孔340n。定位柱440n能与通孔340n形成轴孔配合。圆柱基座430n与弧面部350n之间也为柱面的配合，因此 在一些实施例中可以不设置定位柱440n。扭矩传递部331n的数量为4个，因此锁紧块驱动件400n与锁紧块300n之间有4种相对位置关系，可以根据实际需要在装配时选择。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件，尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种夹针装置，用于夹持骨科用针，其中，所述夹针装置包括：
    第一部件，具有轴部；
    第二部件，与所述轴部铰接，所述第二部件包括相对位置可变的第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分与所述第二部分被设置为在发生相对位置变化时能夹紧所述轴部；
    夹紧机构，用于夹针，所述夹紧机构连接于所述第二部件，所述夹紧机构被设置为至少部分结构还夹持所述第一部分和所述第二部分，且在夹紧所述骨科用针的过程中驱动所述第一部分和所述第二部分产生相对位置变化以使所述第二部件夹紧所述轴部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的夹针装置，其中，所述第二部件的第一部分和第二部分为并排设置的第一夹持臂和第二夹持臂，所述第一夹持臂的第一端部与所述第二夹持臂的第一端部连接，所述第一夹持臂的第二端部与所述第二夹持臂的第二端部之间具有预定距离，所述第一夹持臂和所述第二夹持臂之间还形成有轴孔；所述第二部件通过所述轴孔与所述第一部件的轴部形成转动连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的夹针装置，其特征在于，所述夹紧机构包括：
    内轴，贯穿所述第一夹持臂的第二端部与所述第二夹持臂的第二端部，所述内轴的第一端和第二端分布在所述第二部件的两侧，所述第一端设置有第一限位面；
    把手件，可动地设置于所述内轴的所述第二端，所述把手件相对于所述内轴活动时至少部分结构可在所述内轴轴向活动；
    锁紧套筒，具有通孔，套设于所述内轴的第一端的外部，所述锁紧套筒能相对于所述内轴移动，所述锁紧套筒具有第二限位面，所述第二限位面与所述内轴的第一限位面面对面或斜对面设置；
    其中，所述第二部件构成所述把手件和所述锁紧套筒在所述内轴上的轴向限位。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的夹针装置，其中，所述内轴的第一端沿径向开设第一径向孔，所述第一径向孔的背向所述第一端的端面的孔壁部分为所述第一限位面，所述锁紧套筒沿径向开设第二径向孔，所述第二径向孔的与所述内轴的第一端的端面朝向一致的孔壁部分为所述第二限位面，所述第一限位面与所述第二限位面斜对面设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的夹针装置，其中，所述内轴的第一端位于所述锁紧套筒内，所述锁紧套筒内设置有限位杆。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的夹针装置，其中，所述内轴的第一端沿径向凸起设置凸缘，所述凸缘位于所述锁紧套筒背离所述第二部件的一端侧部，且所述凸缘和所述锁紧套筒背离所述第二部件的一端之间具有间隙，所述凸缘的面向所述锁紧套筒的一个侧面为所述第一限位面，所述第一端的面向所述凸缘的端面为所述第二限位面。
  7. 根据权利要求3至6任一项所述的夹针装置，其中，所述把手件包括筒部和把手部，所述筒部和所述把手部连接，所述把手部沿径向凸出于所述筒部外，所述筒部和所述把手部套设于所述内轴的第二端外，并与所述内轴的第二端螺纹连接，所述把手部的一端与所述第一夹持臂的第二端部相接触，所述把手部转动时，能够带动所述内轴沿轴向移动，并带动所述锁紧套筒挤压所述第二夹持臂的第二端部。
  8. 根据权利要求3至6任一项所述的夹针装置，其中，所述把手件为凸轮把手，所述凸轮把手包括凸轮部和把手部，所述凸轮部和所述把手部连接，所述凸轮部与所述内轴的第二端可转动连接，所述把手部转动带动所述凸轮部转动时，能够带动所述内轴沿轴向移动，并带动所述锁紧套筒挤压所述第二夹持臂的第二端部。
  9. 根据权利要求3至6任一项所述的夹针装置，其中，所述内轴和所述锁紧套筒为周向限位连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的夹针装置，其中，所述内轴的外周面至少包括一个平行于所述内轴的平面区域，所述锁紧套筒的通孔的内周面设置有用于与所述平面区域配合的配合面，所述配合面与所述平面区域贴合形成所述周向限位。
  11. 根据权利要求3至6任一项所述的夹针装置，其中，所述内轴的第一端与所述锁紧套筒之间还设置有弹性件，所述弹性件作用于所述内轴并使所述内轴具有向所述锁紧套筒外部凸出的趋势。
  12. 具有权利要求1至11任一所述的夹针装置的腿支架装置，其中，还包括：
    底座；
    支撑杆组件，连接于所述底座；
    所述夹针装置设置于所述支撑杆组件的上部。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的腿支架装置，其中，所述支撑杆包括分设在所述底座的两侧的第一支撑杆组件和第二支撑杆组件，所述第一支撑杆组件和所述第二支撑杆组件中的至少一个与所述底座可拆卸连接。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的腿支架装置，其中，所述支撑杆与所述底座之间沿所述底座的侧边长度方向位置可调。
PCT/CN2021/109000 2020-08-28 2021-07-28 夹针装置、腿支架装置 WO2022042191A1 (zh)

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