WO2022032696A1 - 一种冷镦机动模的精准导向机构以及冷镦机 - Google Patents

一种冷镦机动模的精准导向机构以及冷镦机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022032696A1
WO2022032696A1 PCT/CN2020/109468 CN2020109468W WO2022032696A1 WO 2022032696 A1 WO2022032696 A1 WO 2022032696A1 CN 2020109468 W CN2020109468 W CN 2020109468W WO 2022032696 A1 WO2022032696 A1 WO 2022032696A1
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Prior art keywords
guide
oil
cold heading
guide post
guiding mechanism
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PCT/CN2020/109468
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
牟联满
付胜刚
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牟联满
付胜刚
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Application filed by 牟联满, 付胜刚 filed Critical 牟联满
Publication of WO2022032696A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022032696A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F5/00—Upsetting wire or pressing operations affecting the wire cross-section
    • B21F5/005—Upsetting wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/04—Frames; Guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J3/00—Lubricating during forging or pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/44—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like
    • B21K1/46—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like with heads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to cold heading equipment, in particular to a precise guiding mechanism of a cold heading moving die and a cold heading machine.
  • the cold heading machine is a forging and forming equipment that thickens the top of the bar or wire, which is specially used for batch auto parts, motor parts, bolts, etc.
  • the cold heading machine uses the cold heading method to make the heads of the bolts and screws, which can minimize the cutting work and directly form the required shape and size, which can not only save a lot of materials, but also greatly improve the production efficiency and significantly improve the heading. the mechanical strength of the part.
  • the existing cold heading machine is mainly composed of a feeding module, a material cutting module, a cold heading forming module and a material withdrawing module.
  • the cold heading forming module includes a forming slider and a forming die, and the forming slide is driven by the forming die to extrude the forming die.
  • the metal blank On the metal blank, the metal blank is formed into a workpiece of a corresponding shape.
  • cold heading oil forming oil or extrusion drawing oil
  • the forming sliding block mainly adopts a flat guide sliding structure for auxiliary sliding.
  • the double slide rail impact structure of the cold heading forming machine disclosed by the authorization bulletin number CN 206779357 U and the authorization bulletin number are The main slider of the cold heading machine disclosed by CN 202591499 U.
  • FIG. 1 shows another guide sliding structure of the existing cold heading machine, the guide sliding structure includes two groups of plane guide structures located on both sides of the forming slider, and the plane guide structure is fixed on the forming slider.
  • the slide rail and the chute fixed on the cold heading frame are formed.
  • the slide rail is matched with the chute and performs linear reciprocating motion in the chute during operation.
  • the deficiencies of this guiding sliding structure are:
  • the guide structure should use matching lubricating oil, and the forming mold should also use matching cold heading oil.
  • the two use requirements can only be selected as a compromise, so that the guiding performance of the guiding structure in the cold heading machine and the formability of the molding die are difficult to achieve the best.
  • the forming mold will generate debris during the working process, and these debris will be mixed into the oil. Even if it is filtered and reused, there will still be fine debris particles.
  • the filtered lubricating oil is sent to the guide
  • the wear of the guide structure will be greatly accelerated, resulting in an increasing accuracy error of the produced product, which greatly shortens the service life of the guide structure.
  • the debris will wear the equipment during the processing. In order to ensure the machining accuracy and prolong the service life of the equipment, it is necessary to replace the oil frequently, especially the cold heading oil. According to the actual production statistics, in order to ensure the good performance of the equipment and prolong the service life, the oil is usually replaced once every 3-4 months. cost.
  • the replaced waste oil is highly polluting. If it is directly discharged, it will pollute the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out environmental protection treatment of waste oil, so that waste oil can be converted into emissions that meet environmental protection standards, and the environmental protection treatment of waste oil will further Increased production costs.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems and provide a precise guide mechanism for a cold heading motor, which can improve the guide accuracy of the cold heading machine, avoid the mixing of lubricating oil and cold heading oil, and reduce the number of guide structures. wear, prolong the service life of the guide structure, improve the cold heading accuracy of the workpiece, and reduce the production cost.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a cold heading machine.
  • a precise guiding mechanism of a cold heading mobile die is arranged between a forming slider and a cold heading frame, and includes a guide post and a guide sleeve matched with the guide post; wherein, the guide post is arranged on the cold heading frame , the guide sleeve is arranged on the forming slider, or the guide post is arranged on the forming slider, and the guide sleeve is arranged on the cold heading frame; the guide post or/and the guide sleeve are provided with a guide post
  • the lubricating oil passage for transporting lubricating oil at the mating surface between the guide sleeve and the guide sleeve is provided with an oil seal structure to prevent the lubricating oil from splashing out.
  • the forming slider slides linearly on the guide post through the guide sleeve; among them, since the guide post or the guide sleeve is provided with a lubricating oil path for conveying lubricating oil, during the sliding process In the middle, the lubricating oil can provide lubrication for the sliding between the guide post and the guide sleeve, effectively reducing the sliding friction.
  • the guide post and the guide sleeve are closed guide structures with closed sliding surfaces, there will be no side oil leakage; In this way, all-round sealing can be achieved, so that the lubricating oil will not splash out, so that it will not be mixed with the cold heading oil, and then the lubricating oil and the cold heading oil can use different oils suitable for their respective use requirements, which is beneficial to the guide post and the guide.
  • the sleeves have the best lubricating effect, and can also effectively protect the forming mold, so as to avoid the problems of rapid wear and low precision caused by the use of the same oil mixed in repeated use, improve the cold heading accuracy of the workpiece, and reduce the Cost of production.
  • the lubricating oil circuit includes an oil inlet oil circuit and an oil return oil circuit, wherein the inlet of the oil inlet oil circuit is communicated with the lubricating oil supply device, and the outlet of the oil inlet oil circuit is located at the guide post At the mating surface with the guide sleeve, the inlet of the oil return oil circuit is located at the mating surface of the guide post and the guide sleeve, and the outlet of the oil return oil path is communicated with the lubricating oil supply device.
  • the purpose of adopting this preferred solution is to realize the cyclic supply, recovery and reuse of the lubricating oil, wherein the lubricating oil is transported to the mating surface of the guide post and the guide bush through the oil inlet oil circuit, and then the lubricating oil is transported through the oil return oil circuit
  • the lubricating oil supply device is reused, so that there is always a new lubricating oil supply at the mating surface of the guide post and the guide sleeve, which is conducive to taking away the particles and impurities generated in the working process, improving the lubrication effect, and also conducive to cooling, ensuring Guiding accuracy;
  • a filter device can be set between the outlet of the oil return oil circuit and the lubricating oil supply device to filter the lubricating oil, and then reuse it to improve the lubricating effect of the lubricating oil.
  • the inlet of the oil inlet channel is located at one end of the guide column, the oil inlet channel extends from the end of the guide column to the middle of the guide column in the axial direction, and a radial hole is arranged at the end to extend to the guide column.
  • the outlet of the oil return oil passage is located at the other end of the guide post, the oil return oil passage extends axially from the end of the guide post to the middle of the guide post, and a diameter is set at the end The hole extends to the mating surface of the guide post and guide sleeve.
  • the lubricating oil is transported to the middle of the guide column, and the guide sleeve will always keep in contact with the middle of the guide column during the working process, so that lubricating oil is always maintained to lubricate the two, and the oil inlet can also be avoided.
  • the outlet of the lubricating oil is exposed to cause leakage; in addition, the inlet of the oil inlet and the outlet of the oil return oil circuit are arranged at the end of the guide column, which is convenient for the connection of the oil supply pipeline with the lubricating oil supply device, and avoids the interference of these pipelines.
  • the movement of the forming slide is in the way.
  • the guide post is fixedly connected to the cold heading frame, and the guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the forming slider.
  • the guide sleeve includes a fixed sleeve body and a sliding guide member, the sliding guide member is arranged in the inner cavity of the fixed sleeve body, and the guide post penetrates through the inner ring of the sliding guide member; the fixed sleeve body is connected to the inner ring of the sliding guide member.
  • Formed slider fixed connection The advantage of adopting the above structure is that the sliding cooperation between the guide post and the guide sleeve is realized by the sliding guide, which is beneficial to further improve the guiding precision and increase the wear resistance, and after the wear reaches the set level, only the sliding guide needs to be replaced That is, the device has a longer service life.
  • the fixing sleeve body is integrally formed on the bottom end of the forming slider.
  • the fixed guide bush and the forming slider are integrally formed, which is beneficial to improve the rigidity of the guide bush, and also facilitates processing and production.
  • the number of guide bushes is more than two, it is also helpful to ensure that the guide bush is integrated during machining. The parallelism between them ensures the guiding accuracy.
  • each guide sleeve is provided with two sliding guides, and an intermediate spacer ring is arranged between the two sliding guides. Since the two sliding guides are located at both ends of the guide sleeve, they can fully support and guide the guide post, and a middle spacer ring is arranged between the two sliding guides, on the one hand, it can act as an axis for the two sliding guides. The positioning effect of the direction, on the other hand, can also reduce the length of the mating surface between the guide post and the guide sleeve, which makes it easier to ensure the guide accuracy and reduce the processing difficulty.
  • the guide posts and guide sleeves are two groups, and the two groups of guide posts and guide sleeves are arranged along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the guide posts.
  • the advantage is that the guiding mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the forming slider.
  • it has a better supporting effect on the forming slider, and the forming slider moves.
  • it is also beneficial to reduce the lateral size of the cold heading machine and reduce the volume of the cold heading machine.
  • Two sets of guide posts and guide sleeves are provided, which have better guiding stability, ensure that the forming slider does not vibrate during the working process, and improve the cold heading accuracy of the workpiece.
  • the precise guiding mechanism is arranged on the bottom or side of the forming slider.
  • the oil seal structure includes a sealing cover arranged at the end of the guide sleeve, and a sealing ring is arranged on the sealing cover.
  • a cold heading machine includes a forming slide block, and the forming slide block is connected with a cold heading frame through the precise guiding mechanism.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the precise guide mechanism in the present invention adopts a closed guide structure with a closed sliding surface, so that the phenomenon of side oil leakage will not occur; moreover, both ends of the guide sleeve are provided with an oil seal structure to prevent the lubricating oil from splashing out, In this way, all-round sealing can be achieved, so that the lubricating oil will not splash out, so that it will not be mixed with the cold heading oil, and then the lubricating oil and the cold heading oil can use the oil suitable for their respective use requirements, which is beneficial to the guide post and the guide bush. It has the best lubricating effect between the two parts, and can also effectively protect the forming mold, so as to avoid the problems of rapid wear and low precision caused by the repeated use of the same oil mixed, and improve the cold heading precision of the workpiece.
  • the oil seal structure with all-round sealing is adopted to separate the cold heading oil from the lubricating oil. Oils suitable for their respective use requirements can be used. In practical applications, when machining specific workpieces, the cold heading oil can be water or cutting fluid. and other lower-cost fluids, without the need to use comprehensive performance fluids, better flexibility, and lower production costs.
  • the guide structure of the present invention has only one mating surface, in machining, it is only necessary to ensure the accuracy requirements of the mating surface, and it is a rotary surface, the machining accuracy is easy to achieve, and the machining cost is low, which is conducive to improving the guiding structure.
  • the guiding accuracy of the molding product is reduced by dozens of times.
  • the guide mechanism in which the guide post and the guide sleeve are used is small in size and compact in structure, which is beneficial to reduce the volume of the cold heading machine.
  • the precise guiding mechanism of the present invention is a closed guiding structure, the vibration of the forming slider during operation is small, the stability is better, and it is easier to ensure product accuracy and quality stability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a guide sliding structure of a conventional cold heading machine, wherein a is a forming slider, and b is a sliding rail.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the precise guiding mechanism of the present invention applied in a cold heading machine.
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of the precise guiding mechanism and the forming slider in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective exploded view of the precise guiding mechanism and the forming slider in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the first specific embodiment of the precise guide mechanism in the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the second specific embodiment of the precise guiding mechanism in the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a side view of the third specific embodiment of the precise guiding mechanism in the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a detection diagram of a dynamic bottom dead center detection performed by an existing cold heading machine.
  • 9-10 are the detection diagrams of the dynamic bottom dead center detection performed by the cold heading machine in the present invention.
  • the precise guiding mechanism of the cold heading motor in this embodiment is arranged between the forming slider 1 and the cold heading frame, and includes a guide post 2 and a guide sleeve 3 matching the guide post 2 ;
  • the guide post 2 is arranged on the cold heading frame, and the guide sleeve 3 is arranged on the forming slider 1;
  • the lubricating oil oil path of the lubricating oil, the two ends of the guide sleeve 3 are provided with an oil seal structure to prevent the lubricating oil from splashing out.
  • the guide post 2 in this embodiment is cylindrical; of course, it can also be in other shapes, such as triangle, quadrangle and so on.
  • the lubricating oil circuit includes an oil inlet oil circuit 2-1 and an oil return oil circuit 2-2, wherein the inlet of the oil inlet oil circuit 2-1 is communicated with the lubricating oil supply device, and the oil inlet oil circuit 2
  • the outlet of -1 is located at the mating surface of the guide post 2 and the guide sleeve 3
  • the inlet of the oil return oil path 2-2 is located at the mating surface of the guide post 2 and the guide sleeve 3
  • the outlet of the oil return oil path 2-2 is connected to the lubrication
  • the oil supply is connected.
  • the purpose of adopting this preferred solution is to realize the cyclic supply, recovery and reuse of lubricating oil, wherein the lubricating oil is transported to the mating surface of the guide post 2 and the guide sleeve 3 through the oil inlet oil passage 2-1, and then the return oil is passed through the oil inlet channel 2-1.
  • Road 2-2 transports the lubricating oil back to the lubricating oil supply device for reuse, so that there is always a new lubricating oil supply at the mating surface of the guide post 2 and the guide sleeve 3, which is conducive to taking away the particulate impurities generated during the working process.
  • a filter device can be set between the outlet of the oil return oil circuit 2-2 and the lubricating oil supply device to filter the lubricating oil, and then reuse it to improve the lubricating effect of the lubricating oil .
  • the inlet of the oil inlet passage 2-1 is located at one end of the guide post 2, and the oil inlet passage 2-1 extends from the end of the guide post 2 to the middle of the guide post 2 in the axial direction, and ends at the end of the guide post 2.
  • a radial hole is provided at the end and extends to the mating surface of the guide post 2 and the guide sleeve 3; the outlet of the oil return oil passage 2-2 is located at the other end of the guide post 2, and the oil return oil passage 2-2 extends from the guide post
  • the end of the guide post 2 extends to the middle of the guide post 2 in the axial direction, and a radial hole is provided at the end to extend to the mating surface of the guide post 2 and the guide sleeve 3 .
  • the lubricating oil is transported to the middle of the guide column 2, and the guide sleeve 3 will always keep in contact with the middle of the guide column 2 during the working process, so that lubricating oil is always kept to lubricate the two, and at the same time, it can also avoid entering
  • the outlet of the oil passage 2-1 is exposed to cause leakage;
  • the inlet of the oil inlet passage 2-1 and the outlet of the oil return passage 2-2 are arranged at the end of the guide post 2, which is convenient for connecting with the lubricating oil supply device Connect the oil supply pipelines to avoid obstructions to the movement of the forming slider 1 by these pipelines.
  • the guide sleeve 3 includes a fixed sleeve body 3-1 and a sliding guide member 3-2, the sliding guide member 3-2 is arranged in the inner cavity of the fixed sleeve body 3-1, the guide sleeve 3-1
  • the column 2 penetrates through the inner ring of the sliding guide 3-2; the fixing sleeve 3-1 is fixedly connected with the forming slider 1.
  • the advantage of adopting the above structure is that the sliding fit between the guide post 2 and the guide sleeve 3 is realized by the sliding guide member 3-2, which is beneficial to further improve the guide precision and increase the wear resistance, and after the wear reaches the set level, only the The sliding guides 3-2 need to be replaced, and the service life of the equipment will be longer.
  • the sliding guide member 3-2 in this embodiment is a linear bearing; of course, a copper sleeve, a self-lubricating bearing, etc. can also be used.
  • the fixing sleeve body 3 - 1 is integrally formed on the bottom end of the forming slider 1 .
  • Making the fixed guide sleeve 3 and the forming slider 1 integrally formed is beneficial to improve the rigidity of the guide sleeve 3 and also facilitates processing and production.
  • the number of guide sleeves 3 is more than two, it is also beneficial to integrate the guide sleeve 3 during machining. Ensure the parallelism between the guide bushes 3, thereby ensuring the guiding accuracy.
  • each guide sleeve is provided with two sliding guides 3-2, and an intermediate spacer ring 4 is provided between the two sliding guides 3-2. Since the two sliding guide members 3-2 are located at both ends of the guide sleeve 3, they can fully support and guide the guide column 2, and the intermediate spacer ring 4 is arranged between the two sliding guide members 3-2.
  • the two sliding guides 3-2 are positioned in the axial direction. On the other hand, the length of the mating surface between the guide post 2 and the guide sleeve 3 can also be reduced, which makes it easier to ensure the guide accuracy and reduce the processing difficulty.
  • the precise guiding mechanism in this embodiment is arranged at the bottom of the forming slider 1 , the guide post 2 and the guide sleeve 3 are two groups, and the two groups of guide posts 2 and the guide sleeve 3 are perpendicular to the guide post 2 The direction of the axis is arranged.
  • the advantage is that the guiding mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the forming slider 1.
  • On the one hand compared with the prior art, which is arranged on both sides of the forming slider 1, it has a better supporting effect on the forming slider 1.
  • the stability of the sliding block 1 during movement is better, and on the other hand, it is also beneficial to reduce the lateral size of the cold heading machine and reduce the volume of the cold heading machine.
  • Two sets of guide posts 2 and guide sleeves 3 are provided, which has better guiding stability, ensures that the forming slider 1 does not vibrate during the working process, and improves the cold heading accuracy of the workpiece.
  • the cold heading machine in this embodiment includes a forming slider 1, a forming mold and a forming driving mechanism.
  • the forming slider 1 is connected to the cold heading frame through the precise guiding mechanism, and the movable mold of the forming mold is connected to the forming machine. on slider 1.
  • the forming slider 1 slides linearly on the guide post 2 through the guide sleeve 3; among them, because the guide post 2 or the guide sleeve 3 is provided with a lubricating oil path for conveying lubricating oil .
  • the lubricating oil can provide lubrication for the sliding between the guide post 2 and the guide sleeve 3, effectively reducing the sliding friction.
  • the guide post 2 and the guide sleeve 3 are closed guide structures, they have closed sliding surfaces, and no side oil leakage will occur; moreover, the two ends of the guide sleeve 3 are provided with lubricating oil to prevent splashing out.
  • Oil seal structure so as to achieve all-round sealing, so that the lubricating oil will not splash out, so that it will not be mixed with the cold heading oil, and then the lubricating oil and the cold heading oil can use different oils suitable for their respective use requirements, which is beneficial to the guide
  • the lubricating oil and the cold heading oil can use different oils suitable for their respective use requirements, which is beneficial to the guide
  • a comparative experiment was performed on the existing cold heading machine and the cold heading machine of the present invention.
  • the position accuracy of the dynamic bottom dead center of the existing cold heading machine and the cold heading machine of the present invention that is, to detect the position accuracy of the movable die of the cold heading machine when it moves forward to the end position
  • usually the movable die is selected.
  • the two points on the diagonal line of the end are used as the detection objects, and the deviation of these two points from the standard position when they reach the bottom dead center within a certain period of time is detected, and these deviation values are connected into a line in time order, that is, The bottom dead center position accuracy curve of the two points can be obtained.
  • Figures 11-13 are the detection result of the cold heading machine in the prior art in actual work. It can be seen from the figure that as time goes by, the two detection positions of the existing cold heading machine gradually move to the "forward direction". Offset, and the deviation gradually increases, the deviation displayed at the current moment in the figure is 36.5um and 39um respectively.
  • Figures 12-13 are the test results of the cold heading machine in this embodiment in actual work ( Figures 12 and 13 respectively show the state at a moment). The upsetting machine only produces a very slight offset.
  • the results at the two times show the deviations of 0.0um and 0.5um, 0.5um and 0.5um, respectively.
  • the ratio of the deviation to the existing cold heading machine is about 1:78.
  • the error of the existing cold heading machine is 78 times the error of the cold heading machine of the present invention, that is, the precision of the workpiece processed by the cold heading machine in this embodiment is higher than that of the existing cold heading machine.
  • the accuracy of the workpiece is dozens of times higher.
  • Embodiment 1 The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the lubricating oil passage is provided on the guide bush 3 .
  • the lubricating oil circuit can also be provided on the guide post 2 and the guide sleeve 3 at the same time.
  • the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the guide sleeve 3 of this embodiment is a conventional guide sleeve in the prior art, and is directly matched with the guide post 2.
  • the guide post 2 in this embodiment is fixedly connected to the forming slider 1, and the guide sleeve 3 is fixedly connected to the cold heading frame.
  • Embodiment 1 the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the precise guiding mechanisms in this embodiment are arranged on two side surfaces of the forming slider 1 .

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

一种冷镦机动模的精准导向机构以及冷镦机，该精准导向机构设置在成型滑块（1）和冷镦机架之间，包括导柱（2）以及与该导柱（2）匹配的导套（3）；其中，所述导柱（2）设置在冷镦机架上、所述导套（3）设置在成型滑块（1）上，或者所述导柱（2）设置在成型滑块（1）上、所述导套（3）设置在冷镦机架上；所述导柱（2）或/和导套（3）上设置有向导柱（2）与导套（3）之间的配合面处输送润滑油的润滑油油路，导套（3）的两端设置有防止润滑油飞溅出来的油封结构。该精准导向机构可提高冷镦机的导向精度，同时可避免润滑油与冷镦油混合，减少导向结构的磨损，延长导向结构的使用寿命，并提高工件的冷镦精度，降低生产成本。

Description

一种冷镦机动模的精准导向机构以及冷镦机 技术领域
本发明涉及冷镦设备，具体涉及一种冷镦机动模的精准导向机构以及冷镦机。
背景技术
冷镦机是将棒材或线材的顶部加粗的锻造成形设备，专门用于批量汽车部件、电机部件、螺栓等。冷镦机采用冷镦的方法将螺栓、螺钉的头部镦出，可尽量减少切削工作，直接成型为需要的形状和尺寸，不仅能够节省大量材料，而且能够大幅度提高生产效率，显著提高镦出零件的机械强度。
现有的冷镦机主要由进料模块、剪料模块、冷镦成型模块以及退料模块组成，其中，冷镦成型模块包括成型滑块和成型模具，由成型滑块带动成型模具挤压在金属坯料上，使得金属坯料形成对应形状的工件。在冷镦成型的过程中，需要加入冷镦油(成型油或挤压拉伸油)，对成型模具进行润滑以及冷却，有效地保护成型模具，延长其使用寿命。
在现有的冷镦机中，成型滑块主要采用平面式的导向滑动结构进行辅助滑动，例如授权公告号为CN 206779357 U公开的一种冷镦成型机双滑轨冲击结构和授权公告号为CN 202591499 U公开的冷镦机主滑块。又如，图1显示了另一种现有冷镦机的导向滑动结构，该导向滑动结构包括位于成型滑块两侧的两组平面导向结构，该平面导向结构由固定于成型滑块上的滑轨和固定于冷镦机架上的滑槽构成，所述滑轨匹配于滑槽中，工作时在滑槽中作直线往复运动，这种导向滑动结构存在的不足在于：
1、由于滑轨与滑槽之间为平面配合，在进行机加工时，滑轨和滑槽的导向 面的平面度精度对导向结构的导向精度起到决定性影响，而在实际加工过程中，由于滑轨与滑槽之间具有多个配合面，要同时保证多个配合面的加工精度难度较大，加工成本高，使得现有冷镦机导向结构的精度普遍不高，成型产品的误差较大。
2、在上述导向结构中，为了减小滑动摩擦力，需要向滑动配合面处输送润滑油，由于滑轨与滑槽之间的滑动配合面为开放式结构，润滑油附着在整个滑动配合面处，当成型滑块进行高速的往复移动时，润滑油会从滑轨与滑槽的端部处飞溅出来；与此同时，成型模具处也需要不断喷射冷镦油，所述飞溅出的润滑油和冷镦油都集中在成型模具附近，很难进行分隔和收集，因此现有技术中通常让润滑油和冷镦油采用同一种油，然后将飞溅出的润滑油和冷镦油统一收集，过滤后分别送往导向结构和成型模具处重复利用，其带来的问题在于：
一方面，为让导向结构的润滑效果和成型模具的润滑冷却效果达到最佳，导向结构应该采用与之相匹配的润滑油，成型模具也应该采用与之匹配的冷镦油，这两种油是不相同的，但是现有技术中只能折中选择一种兼顾两种使用要求的综合性用油，从而使得冷镦机中导向结构的导向性能和成型模具的成型性难以达到最佳，同时，由于冷镦油的品质要求通常相对于润滑油低，且冷镦油的用油量较润滑油大得多，为了兼顾润滑性能，需要采用油品质较高的用油，从而大大增加用油成本。
另一方面，成型模具在工作过程中会产生碎屑，这些碎屑混杂到油中，即使后续过滤了再重复使用，但是仍然会存在细小的碎屑颗粒，这些过滤后的润滑油输送至导向结构中重复使用时，会大大加速导向结构的磨损，导致生产出的产品精度误差越来越大，大大缩短导向结构的使用寿命。进一步，由于油中混杂有碎屑，碎屑会在加工过程中对设备产生磨损，为了保证加工精度以及延 长设备的使用寿命，所以需要频繁地更换油液，尤其是冷镦油，由于用量比较大，根据实际生产统计，为了确保设备性能良好且延长使用寿命，通常3-4个月就要更换一次用油，每台冷镦机每次换油需要费用约10万元，从而大大提高生产成本。而且更换下来的废油具有较大的污染性，如果直接排放，会污染环境，因此需要对废油进行环保处理，使得废油转化为符合环保标准的排放物，对废油的环保处理，进一步提高了生产成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述存在的问题，提供一种冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，该精准导向机构可提高冷镦机的导向精度，同时可避免润滑油与冷镦油混合，减少导向结构的磨损，延长导向结构的使用寿命，并提高工件的冷镦精度，降低生产成本。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种冷镦机。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现：
一种冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，设置在成型滑块和冷镦机架之间，包括导柱以及与该导柱匹配的导套；其中，所述导柱设置在冷镦机架上、所述导套设置在成型滑块上，或者所述导柱设置在成型滑块上、所述导套设置在冷镦机架上；所述导柱或/和导套上设置有向导柱与导套之间的配合面处输送润滑油的润滑油油路，导套的两端设置有防止润滑油飞溅出来的油封结构。
上述冷镦机动模的精准导向机构的工作原理是：
以导柱固定连接在冷镦机架上，导套与成型滑块固定连接为例。
工作时，在滑块驱动机构的驱动下，成型滑块通过导套在导柱上进行直线滑动；其中，由于导柱或导套内开设有用于输送润滑油的润滑油路，在滑动的过程中，润滑油可以为导柱与导套之间的滑动提供润滑作用，有效减小滑动摩 擦力。与此同时，由于导柱和导套为封闭式的导向结构，具有封闭的滑动面，不会发生侧面漏油的现象；而且，导套的两端设置有防止润滑油飞溅出来的油封结构，从而实现全方位的密封，使得润滑油不会飞溅出来，从而不会与冷镦油进行混合，进而润滑油和冷镦油可以采用适合各自使用要求的不同的油，有利于让导柱和导套之间具有最佳的润滑效果，也能有效地保护成型模具，从而避免采用相同的油混合在重复利用而带来的磨损快、精度低的问题，提高工件的冷镦精度，同时降低了生产成本。
本发明的一个优选方案，其中，所述润滑油油路包括进油油路和回油油路，其中，进油油路的入口与润滑油供给装置连通，进油油路的出口位于导柱和导套的配合面处，回油油路的入口位于导柱和导套的配合面处，回油油路的出口与润滑油供给装置连通。采用该优选方案的目的在于实现润滑油的循环供给和回收重复使用，其中，通过进油油路将润滑油输送至导柱和导套的配合面处，再通过回油油路将润滑油输送回润滑油供给装置进行重复利用，使得导柱和导套的配合面处始终有新的润滑油供应，从而有利于带走工作过程中产生的颗粒杂质，提高润滑效果，也有利于降温，确保导向精度；在回油油路的出口与润滑油供给装置之间可以设置过滤装置对润滑油进行过滤，再重复利用，提高润滑油的润滑效果。
进一步地，所述进油油路的入口位于导柱的一端，该进油油路从导柱的端部沿轴向延伸至导柱的中部，并在末端处设置径向孔延伸至导柱和导套的配合面处；所述回油油路的出口位于导柱的另一端，该回油油路从导柱的端部沿轴向延伸至导柱的中部，并在末端处设置径向孔延伸至导柱和导套的配合面处。通过上述结构，让润滑油输送至导柱的中部，导套在工作过程中始终会与导柱的中部保持接触，使得始终保持有润滑油对两者进行润滑，同时也能避免进油 油路的出口暴露从而导致泄露；此外，将进油油路的入口和回油油路的出口设置于导柱的端部，便于与润滑油供给装置进行供油管路的连接，避免这些管路对成型滑块的运动造成妨碍。
本发明的一个优选方案，其中，所述导柱固定连接在冷镦机架上，所述导套与成型滑块固定连接。其好处在于，由于导柱的长度大于导套的长度，通过将导柱固定在冷镦机架上，导套设置于成型滑块上，使得导套在工作过程中其整个长度范围内的配合部位始终受到导柱的完整支撑，使得成型滑块在作往复直线运动时的稳定性更好，导向精度更高。
优选地，所述导套包括固定套体和滑动导向件，所述滑动导向件设置在固定套体的内腔中，所述导柱贯穿于滑动导向件的内圈；所述固定套体与成型滑块固定连接。采用上述结构的好处在于，通过滑动导向件实现导柱和导套之间的滑动配合，有利于进一步提高导向精度，增加耐磨性，并且在磨损达到设定程度后，只需要更换滑动导向件即可，设备使用寿命更长。
进一步，所述固定套体一体成型在成型滑块的底端。让固定导套和成型滑块一体成型，有利于提高导套的刚度，同时也便于加工生产，当导套的数量为两个以上时，一体化设置在机加工时也有利于确保导套之间的平行度，进而确保导向精度。
进一步，每个导套里设有两个滑动导向件，两个滑动导向件之间设有中间隔环。由于两个滑动导向件位于导套的两端，对导柱起到充分支撑和导向作用，而在两个滑动导向件之间设置中间隔环，一方面可以对两个滑动导向件起到轴线方向的定位作用，另一方面，也可以减少导柱与导套之间的配合面长度，更容易保证导向精度，降低加工难度。
本发明的一个优选方案，其中，所述导柱和导套为两组，两组导柱和导套 沿着垂直于导柱轴线的方向排列。其好处在于，将导向机构设置于成型滑块的底部，一方面，与现有技术中设置在成型滑块的两侧相比，对成型滑块起到更好的支撑作用，成型滑块运动时的稳定性更好，另一方面，也有利于减少冷镦机的横向尺寸，缩减冷镦机的体积。设置两组导柱和导套，具有更好的导向稳定性，确保成型滑块在工作过程中不产生振动，提高工件的冷镦精度。
本发明的一个优选方案，其中，所述精准导向机构设置于成型滑块的底部或者侧面。
本发明的一个优选方案，其中，所述油封结构包括设置在导套端部的密封盖，该密封盖上设置有密封环。
一种冷镦机，包括成型滑块，所述成型滑块通过所述精准导向机构与冷镦机架连接。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明中的精准导向机构采用封闭式的导向结构，具有封闭的滑动面，从而不会发生侧面漏油的现象；而且，导套的两端设置有防止润滑油飞溅出来的油封结构，从而实现全方位的密封，使得润滑油不会飞溅出来，从而不会与冷镦油进行混合，进而润滑油和冷镦油可以采用适合各自使用要求的油，有利于让导柱和导套之间具有最佳的润滑效果，也能有效地保护成型模具，从而避免采用相同的油混合在重复利用而带来的磨损快、精度低的问题，提高工件的冷镦精度。
2、采用全方位密封的油封结构，使得冷镦油与润滑油分隔开，可以采用适合各自使用要求的油，在实际的应用中，加工特定工件时，冷镦油可以采用水或者切削液等成本较低的液体，无需采用综合性能的油液，灵活性更好，同时降低生产成本。
3、由于冷镦油与润滑油各自设有独立的回路，两者互不干涉，所以在加工过程中产生的碎屑不会进入导向结构中，不会对设备造成磨损，从而大幅延长设备的使用寿命以及提高工件的加工精度。
4、由于加工过程中产生的碎屑不会进入导向结构中，避免了碎屑对设备造成磨损，从而大幅延长了油液的使用时长，大幅降低更换油液的频率，节约用油，有效降低生产成本。
5、由于冷镦油与润滑油各自设有独立的回路，两者互不干涉，所以避免了混合废油的产生，更加环保。
6、由于本发明的导向结构仅有一个配合面，在机加工中，只需保证该配合面的精度要求即可，而且是回转面，加工精度容易达到，加工成本低，有利于提高导向结构的导向精度，成型产品的误差缩小几十倍。
7、本发明中，采用导柱和导套配合的导向机构，体积小，结构紧凑，有利于减小冷镦机的体积。
8、本发明的精准导向机构为封闭式导向结构，成型滑块在工作时的振动小，稳定性更好，更容易保证产品精度和质量稳定性。
附图说明
图1为现有冷镦机的导向滑动结构的结构示意图，其中，a为成型滑块，b为滑轨。
图2为本发明中的精准导向机构应用在冷镦机中的立体结构示意图。
图3为本发明中的精准导向机构和成型滑块的侧视图。
图4为本发明中的精准导向机构和成型滑块的立体爆炸视图。
图5为本发明中的精准导向机构的第一种具体实施方式的剖面图。
图6为本发明中的精准导向机构的第二种具体实施方式的剖面图。
图7为本发明中的精准导向机构的第三种具体实施方式的侧视图。
图8为现有的冷镦机进行动态下死点检测的检测图。
图9-10为本发明中的冷镦机进行动态下死点检测的检测图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员很好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步描述，但本发明的实施方式不仅限于此。
实施例1
参见图2-5，本实施例中的冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，设置在成型滑块1和冷镦机架之间，包括导柱2以及与该导柱2匹配的导套3；其中，所述导柱2设置在冷镦机架上、所述导套3设置在成型滑块1上；所述导柱2上设置有向导柱2与导套3之间的配合面处输送润滑油的润滑油油路，导套3的两端设置有防止润滑油飞溅出来的油封结构，该油封结构包括设置在导套3端部的密封盖5，该密封盖5上设置有密封环。具体地，本实施例中的导柱2为圆柱形；当然，也可以为其他形状，例如三角形、四角形等。
参见图5，所述润滑油油路包括进油油路2-1和回油油路2-2，其中，进油油路2-1的入口与润滑油供给装置连通，进油油路2-1的出口位于导柱2和导套3的配合面处，回油油路2-2的入口位于导柱2和导套3的配合面处，回油油路2-2的出口与润滑油供给装置连通。采用该优选方案的目的在于实现润滑油的循环供给和回收重复使用，其中，通过进油油路2-1将润滑油输送至导柱2和导套3的配合面处，再通过回油油路2-2将润滑油输送回润滑油供给装置进行重复利用，使得导柱2和导套3的配合面处始终有新的润滑油供应，从而有利于带走工作过程中产生的颗粒杂质，提高润滑效果，也有利于降温，确保导向精度；在回油油路2-2的出口与润滑油供给装置之间可以设置过滤装置对润 滑油进行过滤，再重复利用，提高润滑油的润滑效果。
参见图5，所述进油油路2-1的入口位于导柱2的一端，该进油油路2-1从导柱2的端部沿轴向延伸至导柱2的中部，并在末端处设置径向孔延伸至导柱2和导套3的配合面处；所述回油油路2-2的出口位于导柱2的另一端，该回油油路2-2从导柱2的端部沿轴向延伸至导柱2的中部，并在末端处设置径向孔延伸至导柱2和导套3的配合面处。通过上述结构，让润滑油输送至导柱2的中部，导套3在工作过程中始终会与导柱2的中部保持接触，使得始终保持有润滑油对两者进行润滑，同时也能避免进油油路2-1的出口暴露从而导致泄露；此外，将进油油路2-1的入口和回油油路2-2的出口设置于导柱2的端部，便于与润滑油供给装置进行供油管路的连接，避免这些管路对成型滑块1的运动造成妨碍。
参见图2-5，所述导套3包括固定套体3-1和滑动导向件3-2，所述滑动导向件3-2设置在固定套体3-1的内腔中，所述导柱2贯穿于滑动导向件3-2的内圈；所述固定套体3-1与成型滑块1固定连接。采用上述结构的好处在于，通过滑动导向件3-2实现导柱2和导套3之间的滑动配合，有利于进一步提高导向精度，增加耐磨性，并且在磨损达到设定程度后，只需要更换滑动导向件3-2即可，设备使用寿命更长。具体地，本实施例中的滑动导向件3-2为直线轴承；当然，也可以采用铜套、自润滑轴承等。
进一步，所述固定套体3-1一体成型在成型滑块1的底端。让固定导套3和成型滑块1一体成型，有利于提高导套3的刚度，同时也便于加工生产，当导套3的数量为两个以上时，一体化设置在机加工时也有利于确保导套3之间的平行度，进而确保导向精度。
进一步，每个导套里设有两个滑动导向件3-2，两个滑动导向件3-2之间设 有中间隔环4。由于两个滑动导向件3-2位于导套3的两端，对导柱2起到充分支撑和导向作用，而在两个滑动导向件3-2之间设置中间隔环4，一方面可以对两个滑动导向件3-2起到轴线方向的定位作用，另一方面，也可以减少导柱2与导套3之间的配合面长度，更容易保证导向精度，降低加工难度。
参见图2，本实施例中的精准导向机构设置于成型滑块1的底部，所述导柱2和导套3为两组，两组导柱2和导套3沿着垂直于导柱2轴线的方向排列。其好处在于，将导向机构设置于成型滑块1的底部，一方面，与现有技术中设置在成型滑块1的两侧相比，对成型滑块1起到更好的支撑作用，成型滑块1运动时的稳定性更好，另一方面，也有利于减少冷镦机的横向尺寸，缩减冷镦机的体积。设置两组导柱2和导套3，具有更好的导向稳定性，确保成型滑块1在工作过程中不产生振动，提高工件的冷镦精度。
本实施例中的冷镦机包括成型滑块1、成型模具以及成型驱动机构，所述成型滑块1通过所述精准导向机构与冷镦机架连接，所述成型模具的动模连接在成型滑块1上。
参见图2-5，本实施例中的冷镦机动模的精准导向机构的工作原理是：
工作时，在滑块驱动机构的驱动下，成型滑块1通过导套3在导柱2上进行直线滑动；其中，由于导柱2或导套3内开设有用于输送润滑油的润滑油路，在滑动的过程中，润滑油可以为导柱2与导套3之间的滑动提供润滑作用，有效减小滑动摩擦力。与此同时，由于导柱2和导套3为封闭式的导向结构，具有封闭的滑动面，不会发生侧面漏油的现象；而且，导套3的两端设置有防止润滑油飞溅出来的油封结构，从而实现全方位的密封，使得润滑油不会飞溅出来，从而不会与冷镦油进行混合，进而润滑油和冷镦油可以采用适合各自使用要求的不同的油，有利于让导柱2和导套3之间具有最佳的润滑效果，也能有 效地保护成型模具，从而避免采用相同的油混合在重复利用而带来的磨损快、精度低的问题，提高工件的冷镦精度。
进一步，为了验证本发明的冷镦机在精度上的提升，对现有的冷镦机和本发明的冷镦机做对比实验。具体地，检测现有的冷镦机和本发明的冷镦机的动态下死点位置精度，亦即检测冷镦机的动模在向前运动到终点位置时的位置精度，通常取动模端面对角线上的两个点作为检测对象，检测这两个点在一段时间范围内，每次到达下死点时与标准位置的偏差，将这些偏差值按时间顺序连成线，即可获得者两个点的下死点位置精度曲线。具体地，采用日本理研公司的“动态下死点检测仪”对现有的和本发明的冷镦机进行位置的动态检测，结果参见图11-13。其中，图11为现有技术中的冷镦机在实际工作中的检测结果，由图可知，随着时间的推移，现有的冷镦机的两个检测的位置均逐渐往“正向”偏移，而且偏差量逐渐增大，图中当前时刻显示的偏差量为分别为36.5um和39um。图12-13为本实施例中的冷镦机在实际工作中的检测结果(图12和图13分别显示一个时刻的状态)，由图可知，随着时间的推移，本实施例中的冷镦机仅产生十分轻微的偏移，两个时刻的结果显示的偏差量分别为0.0um和0.5um、0.5um和0.5um，与现有的冷镦机的偏差量的比例大概为1:78，由此可知，现有的冷镦机的误差是本发明的冷镦机的误差的78倍，亦即由本实施例中的冷镦机加工出来的工件的精度比现有的冷镦机加工出来的工件的精度高几十倍。
实施例2
与实施例1不同的是，所述润滑油油路设置在导套3上。当然，所述润滑油油路也可以同时设置在导柱2和导套3上。
实施例3
参见图6，与实施例1不同的是，本实施例的导套3为现有技术中常规的导 套，直接与导柱2配合。
实施例4
与实施例1不同的是，本实施例中的导柱2与成型滑块1固定连接，所述导套3固定连接在冷镦机架上。
实施例5
参见图7，与实施例1不同的是，本实施例中的精准导向机构设置于成型滑块1的两个侧面上。
上述为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述内容的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所做的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，设置在成型滑块和冷镦机架之间，其特征在于，包括导柱以及与该导柱匹配的导套；其中，所述导柱设置在冷镦机架上、所述导套设置在成型滑块上，或者所述导柱设置在成型滑块上、所述导套设置在冷镦机架上；所述导柱或/和导套上设置有向导柱与导套之间的配合面处输送润滑油的润滑油油路，导套的两端设置有防止润滑油飞溅出来的油封结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，其特征在于，所述润滑油油路包括进油油路和回油油路，其中，进油油路的入口与润滑油供给装置连通，进油油路的出口位于导柱和导套的配合面处，回油油路的入口位于导柱和导套的配合面处，回油油路的出口与润滑油供给装置连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，其特征在于，所述进油油路的入口位于导柱的一端，该进油油路从导柱的端部沿轴向延伸至导柱的中部，并在末端处设置径向孔延伸至导柱和导套的配合面处；所述回油油路的出口位于导柱的另一端，该回油油路从导柱的端部沿轴向延伸至导柱的中部，并在末端处设置径向孔延伸至导柱和导套的配合面处。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，其特征在于，所述导柱固定连接在冷镦机架上，所述导套与成型滑块固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，其特征在于，所述导套包括固定套体和滑动导向件，所述滑动导向件设置在固定套体的内腔中，所述导柱贯穿于滑动导向件的内圈；所述固定套体与成型滑块固定连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，其特征在于，所述固定套体一体成型在成型滑块的底端。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，其特征在于，每个 导套里设有两个滑动导向件，两个滑动导向件之间设有中间隔环。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，其特征在于，所述导柱和导套为两组，两组导柱和导套沿着垂直于导柱轴线的方向排列。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，其特征在于，所述精准导向机构设置于成型滑块的底部或者侧面。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，其特征在于，所述油封结构包括设置在导套端部的密封盖，该密封盖上设置有密封环。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的冷镦机动模的精准导向机构，其特征在于，所述导柱为圆柱形导柱，所述导套为圆柱形导套。
  12. 一种冷镦机，其特征在于，包括成型滑块，所述成型滑块通过权利要求1-11任一项所述精准导向机构与冷镦机架连接。
PCT/CN2020/109468 2020-08-11 2020-08-17 一种冷镦机动模的精准导向机构以及冷镦机 WO2022032696A1 (zh)

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