WO2022028011A1 - 一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法 - Google Patents

一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2022028011A1
WO2022028011A1 PCT/CN2021/089813 CN2021089813W WO2022028011A1 WO 2022028011 A1 WO2022028011 A1 WO 2022028011A1 CN 2021089813 W CN2021089813 W CN 2021089813W WO 2022028011 A1 WO2022028011 A1 WO 2022028011A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rice
ecological
ridge
water
ridges
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/089813
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄璜
张印
王忍
龚向胜
傅志强
陈灿
余政军
李静怡
梁玉刚
丁姣龙
孟祥杰
吴丹
黄尧
廖晓兰
Original Assignee
湖南农业大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 湖南农业大学 filed Critical 湖南农业大学
Priority to US17/429,638 priority Critical patent/US20220304258A1/en
Publication of WO2022028011A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022028011A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/003—Transplanting machines for aquatic plants; for planting underwater, e.g. rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C14/00—Methods or apparatus for planting not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
    • A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rice cultivation method, in particular to a rice micro-ridge mixed sowing cultivation method.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is, in order to overcome the problems of straw returning to the field in rice production, which affects tillage, low utilization rate, shortage of water for soaking fields, large amount of chemical fertilizer, unreasonable time and amount of top dressing, and the like.
  • the invention provides a rice micro-ridge mixed-sowing cultivation method, which can improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer under the premise of no-tillage and dry sowing, and reduce the number of soaked fields.
  • the use of water and pesticides can achieve the purpose of saving fertilizer, water, reducing costs and fertilizing soil.
  • the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
  • the technical principle of the present invention is as follows: the core of the technical principle is to form an ecological ridge, an ecological recess and an ecological ditch.
  • the ecological ridge is composed of organisms, vegetative bodies, and soil and water bodies. First, it acts as a medium to wrap the organisms and vegetative bodies, and performs physical functions to protect the integrity of the vegetative bodies of the organisms, such as heat preservation, moisture retention, water permeability, and ventilation. Biotrophic bodies provide water nutrition.
  • the ecological concave is composed of sponge layer, topsoil layer and ecological seam, which provides storage capacity for the ecological ridge and regulates the water, fertilizer, air, temperature and humidity in the ecological ridge.
  • the ecological ditch is composed of ditch main body, ditch side seams and ditch bottom mud.
  • the ecological ditch uses drainage and irrigation, provides raw materials for ecological ridges, and provides access to aquatic animals.
  • Grass carp, mandarin fish, crucian carp, duck, etc. can be cultured in the ditch to eliminate insects and weeds for rice.
  • the radicle germ exposed from the seeds in the ecological ridge relying on the superior temperature and humidity conditions, absorbs the nutrients in the seeds and the complex, and grows faster than the weed seeds inside and outside the ridge.
  • young ducks are put in to prevent and control diseases, insects and weeds, and compound fertilizers are topdressed at the booting stage.
  • the method significantly improves the seedling rate, significantly improves the growth rate at the seedling stage, significantly enhances the ability of rice seedlings to suppress weeds, and realizes zero input of pesticides at the seedling stage and zero input of soaked field water. Improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, and improve the utilization rate of temperature and light.
  • the micro-ridge mixed sowing is relative to the hole-sowing method, in which a machine is used to dig out a hole, and then the seeds are sown; the micro-ridge mixing is to mix the seeds, fertilizer and mud, sprinkle it on the field surface, and shape it into a ridge-like shape by using a shaper. .
  • the trapezoid is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, in the shape of a long ridge, the length of which is equidistant from the length of the field.
  • the bottom of the trapezoid is seamlessly connected to the field surface, which transports the water on the soil surface to the ridge through capillary action, and can also discharge the excess unbound water in the ridge to the field surface.
  • Polyfertilizer and seedling moisturizing Since the ecological ridge is a mixture of seeds, chemical fertilizers and ditched mud according to the quality of 6-14:50-70:6000-10000, the proportion of chemical fertilizers in the ecological ridge is close to 1%, and it is evenly distributed , the ecological ridge becomes fertile soil, therefore, the ecological ridge gathers a small amount of chemical fertilizer into fertile soil to promote the growth of seedlings.
  • the distance between adjacent ecological ditches is 1.8-8 meters, the depth of the ecological ditches is 45-65 cm, and the width is 10-18 cm.
  • the cultivation method also includes S5, the rice enters the beginning stage of tillering, throwing 20 young ducks of 21 to 30 days old per mu, weeding, pest control, disease prevention and control, and cultivating.
  • the water management in the cultivation process is as follows: after the rice emerges, the water layer is maintained at 1-2 cm; in the tillering stage of the rice, moist irrigation is adopted, and the water layer depth is 2-4 cm; in the later stage of tillering and when the number of stems and tillers reaches 80% of the effective ear number, the field is sun-dried; Wet irrigation at the heading and flowering stage and milk maturity stage, the water layer is 1cm deep, and re-irrigated 3 to 4 days after the water is exhausted;
  • the rice seeds in S4 are the seeds of germination and whitening, and the seed dosage is 3-7 kg/mu.
  • the soil in S4 is the soil raised from the ditch in S3.
  • the ditch is cleared for drainage at the later stage of the previous crop maturity.
  • the plant-row spacing for conventional rice sowing is 10-15cm ⁇ 17-23cm
  • the plant-row spacing for hybrid rice is 16-22cm ⁇ 23-27cm.
  • Both seedlings and seedlings can be used for no-tillage dry direct seeding, or as a method of raising seedlings. If the micro-ridge mixing is used as the seedling raising method, the plant and row spacing should be changed accordingly.
  • the plant-row spacing of conventional rice seedling raising is 2-8cm ⁇ 4-12cm, and that of hybrid rice is 3-12cm ⁇ 6-15cm.
  • the advantage of being a seedling raising method is that when transplanting or throwing the seedlings, the seedlings can be lifted directly, and they also carry mud, which is convenient for operation and guarantees the quality of transplanting.
  • a chain opener is used to open the trench.
  • Casting mud into fertilizer The chain opener lifts out the mud in the ditch and turns it into crushed mud, most of which are powdered, which is conducive to the release of nutrients for the roots of seedlings to absorb, turning mud into fertilizer.
  • the seed fertilizer and mud compound falls in front of the lower pad and passes through the drop guide, and the drop guide transports the spilled seed fertilizer and mud compound to the shaper, forms a trapezoid through the shaper, and falls on the lower surface.
  • Ditching with a chain opener is to use a chain-shaped trenching device to raise the soil in the field to form a trench. Most of the raised soil becomes the mixed sowing material, and the mixed sowing material in the micro-ridge is composed of rice seeds, fertilizers and soil to form a compound.
  • the stubble and crushed straw are pressed by the pry-type pressing plate to form a relatively flat underlying surface.
  • the seed fertilizer and mud compound strips on the field surface; the seed fertilizer and mud compound falls in front of the field and passes through the drop guide, which transports the spilled seed fertilizer and mud compound to the shaper. After passing through the shaper, it falls down. It forms a trapezoid that is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, and the rows are in the shape of a slight ridge.
  • the control methods for diseases, insects and weeds are as follows: Ducks are mainly used to control diseases, insects and weeds in the field, but when a large-scale outbreak of rice diseases and insect pests occurs, biological agents need to be used for control in time.
  • the micro-ridge mixed sowing should be selected for immediate sowing on sunny or cloudy days or light rainy days without heavy rain in the later period.
  • the seeds and fertilizer are evenly placed in the mud, which not only ensures that the germinated seeds can easily absorb nutrients, but also ensures that the effect of the soil in the ridge prevents excessive chemical fertilizer concentration from damaging the seed buds.
  • the seed roots are isolated by the soil and are not in contact with chemical fertilizers and other seeds. The nutrients released after the decomposition of chemical fertilizers can be absorbed by the roots through the soil in the ridge.
  • the micro-ridge mixer is used to complete the stubble pressing and paving, ditching and collecting soil, mixing the fertilizer and mud, and discharging into a ridge at one time during operation.
  • the mud of the paddy field is taken out to form an ecological ditch, and the taken out mud is mixed with the rice stubble, the rice straw smashed by the harvester, the chemical fertilizer, and the germination-promoting and dew white seeds to form a mixed-sowing complex on the micro-ridge.
  • the pry-type grass pressing board With the help of the pry-type grass pressing board, a relatively flat underlying surface is constructed, and the seed, fertilizer and soil complex is discharged through the spiral discharge port of the dry seeding fertilizer applicator. form an ecological concave.
  • the horizontal plane forms an orderly distribution structure of ecological ridges, ecological concave, and ecological trenches
  • the vertical plane forms seed material layers (seeds, fertilizers, soil), straw layers, soil surface layers, and exchange layers from top to bottom, forming soil ploughing layers of water and air.
  • seed material layers seeds, fertilizers, soil
  • straw layers straw layers
  • soil surface layers soil surface layers
  • exchange layers from top to bottom, forming soil ploughing layers of water and air.
  • Seeds are dry-sown in no-till paddy fields, eliminating the need for soaking and land preparation, maintaining the structure of paddy ploughing layers and maintaining the stability of the paddy ecosystem; returning straw to the field in full to reduce environmental pollution and achieve efficient recovery and utilization of agricultural resources; broken breast rice
  • the present invention utilizes the crushed mud immediately ditched to form ecological ridges, and ecological concave is formed between the ecological ridges, and the ecological ditch is formed after the crushed mud is raised.
  • Significantly improve the growth rate of seedlings significantly enhance the ability of rice seedlings to suppress weeds, realize zero input of pesticides in seedlings, zero input of soaking field water, improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, and improve the utilization rate of temperature and light.
  • the ecological ridge is composed of organisms, nutrients, water and soil.
  • Organisms are seeds that have sprouted and whitened, and are evenly wrapped in the ridge; vegetative bodies are compound fertilizer particles, which are not connected to the seeds, but evenly distributed among the organisms; water and fertilizer bodies are paddy soil with 10%-70% water content , raised by the ditching machine, one is as a medium to wrap the organisms and nutrients, and exercise physical functions to protect the integrity of the organisms' nutrients, heat preservation, moisture retention, water permeability, and ventilation; second, as a donor to provide organism nutrients. water nutrition
  • the ecological concave is composed of sponge layer, topsoil layer and ecological seam.
  • the sponge layer is the straw left after the previous stubble is harvested, part of which is the upright stubble that is overwhelmed, and part of which is the broken straw spit out by the harvester, which together form a sponge-like structure;
  • the topsoil layer is located under the straw layer, which is the cultivation layer for rice growth.
  • the ecological seam is located in the ecological concave, which is the fore in the field, and is the channel for transporting oxygen and discharging other gases.
  • the ecological seams communicate with each other and connect with the ecological ditch, and become a network of irrigation and discharge of rice fields.
  • the ecological ditch is composed of ditch main body, ditch side seams and ditch bottom mud.
  • the main body of the ditch is the main structure of the ditch, that is, a cuboid that accommodates water. When the ditch is completely filled with water, the cuboid completely accommodates water; when it is in half-ditch water, the upper half of the upper cuboid accommodates air and the lower half accommodates water.
  • the ecological ditch is used for drainage and irrigation, providing raw materials for ecological ridges, and providing channels for aquatic animals.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the first is the water-saving function.
  • the present invention realizes no-tillage and dry direct seeding of rice, and saves water for soaking fields required for tillage;
  • the second is the function of cleaning the straw. After returning the full amount of straw to the field, it is easy to cause difficulties in mechanical rotary tillage or ploughing, resulting in rice farmers changing time for space, that is, putting aside for a few days, allowing the straw to naturally lose water and wilting or burning the straw to facilitate the operation.
  • the previous straw is spread on the surface of the paddy field to form an underlying surface, which not only protects the surface layer of the paddy field, but also provides a rhizosphere environment for the growth of rice seedlings, and realizes the return of straw to the field and the utilization of resources;
  • the third is the oxygen-enhancing function, using the thin seal of the ecological ridge and the ventilation function on the ground, which is beneficial to the oxygen supply of rice;
  • the fourth is the function of protecting and strengthening seedlings.
  • Micro-ridge co-sowing can increase the water absorption pathway of broken breast rice seeds, and promote the germination and emergence of broken breast rice seeds; the ecological concave and ecological groove are equidistant and not connected adjacently.
  • the fifth is the function of weed control.
  • the root distribution of rice seedlings is mainly based on the high position formed by ecological ridges, supplemented by the shading effect of rice growth; in the middle stage of rice growth, the shading effect of rice growth is the main function, supplemented by ecological ridge control.
  • Weeds in the field are controlled by physical methods; ducks are used to control weeds throughout the rice-duck co-breeding period.
  • the sixth is the function of saving fertilizer and high yield.
  • the ecological ridge dry direct seeding realizes the accurate quantification of seeds and basic fertilizers, and the precise positioning of the sowing position, avoiding the disordered state of traditional direct seeding and fertilizer application of rice, and saving seeds and fertilizers. ;Avoid soil and water loss caused by sowing and water release after tillage; Fertilizer base application can supply nutrients most directly and quickly in the early stage of rice growth, and can gradually act on plant roots in the middle and later stages of rice growth, which is beneficial to the absorption and growth of rice roots. Improve fertilizer utilization.
  • the eighth is the ecological benefit function, which reduces the use of irrigation water and pesticides, reduces the energy consumption of operations, does not burn straw, and reduces smog; maintains the structure of the plough layer of the paddy field, and maintains the biodiversity of the paddy field and the stability of the ecosystem.
  • Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the micro-ridge mixer.
  • Fig. 2 is the side structure schematic diagram of the micro-ridge mixer.
  • a micro-ridge mixer includes a tractor 1 and a link 2 fixedly connected to the rear of the tractor 1 .
  • the arrow in FIG. 1 is the forward direction of the tractor 1 , and the rear of the tractor 1 points to the direction opposite to the arrow.
  • the tractor 1 is provided with a first drive device, and the first drive device is connected to one end of the chain opener 3 .
  • the chain opener 3 is arranged obliquely, the high end of the chain opener 3 is connected to the first driving device, and the low end of the chain opener 3 is in contact with the ground.
  • the chain opener 3 includes a driving pulley 31, a driven pulley 32, a first no-load chain 33, a second no-load chain 34, a chain beam 35, a scraper 36 and a load chain 37, the first no-load chain 33 and the first no-load chain 33.
  • the two no-load chains 34 are wound between the driving pulley 31 and the driven wheel 32
  • the chain beams 35 are provided with multiple chains, and all of them are arranged between the first no-load chain 33 and the second no-load chain 34
  • the scraper 36 is fixed Outside the first idle chain 33 and the second idle chain 34
  • the load chain 37 is also wound between the driving wheel 31 and the driven wheel 32
  • the first driving device is connected to the driving wheel 31 .
  • the first driving device drives the driving wheel to rotate, thereby driving the driven wheel, the first no-load chain, the second no-load chain and the load chain to rotate, and the scraper ditches the soil , and raises the soil.
  • the operating parameters of the chain opener 3 are 1.8m-8m in groove spacing, 45-65cm in depth, and 10-18cm in width.
  • a conveyor 4 is arranged below the chain opener 3, the upper end of the conveyor 4 is not closed, and is used for receiving the raised soil, and a screw impeller is used.
  • the conveyor 4 is connected with a fertilizer discharger 5 and a seed discharger 6.
  • the conveyor 4, the fertilizer discharger 5 and the seed discharger 6 are respectively driven by the second driving device, the third driving device and the fourth driving device arranged on the tractor 1.
  • the device is driven, the other end of the conveyor 4 is connected with a screw conveyor 7 , the screw conveyor 7 is fixed on the link 2 , and the screw conveyor 7 is driven by the fifth driving device arranged on the tractor 1 .
  • the bottom of the screw conveyor 7 is sequentially connected with a drop guide 8 and a shaper 9 from top to bottom.
  • the shaper 9 is a trapezoid, and the size of the trapezoid is the lower bottom. 5.5cm-11.5cm wide, 1.5cm-5.5cm wide at the top and 3.5cm-9.5cm high.
  • the distance between two adjacent groups of drop guides 8 and shapers 9 is 4 cm-6 cm.
  • the pry-type pressing plate 10 includes a raised end and a horizontal end, the raised end is fixed to the connecting rod 2, and the horizontal end is parallel to the ground and close to the ground.
  • the pry-type pressing plate 10 is L-shaped, and the raised end is perpendicular to the horizontal end.
  • the conveyor, fertilizer discharger, seed discharger and screw conveyor are all driven by DC motors respectively; the drop guide and the shaper are not driven, relying on the falling gravity, the kinetic energy of the machine forward and the guide and shaper.
  • the coupling guides and shapes the seed, fertilizer and mud complex.
  • micro-ridge mixer uses the chain opener to open the ditch, and raise the soil in the field to form the ditch.
  • the distance between the grooves is 8 meters, the depth of the grooves is 45 cm, and the width of the grooves is 12 cm.
  • Most of the raised soil becomes the raw material for mixed sowing, and the sowing material is composed of rice seeds, fertilizers and soil to form a compound.
  • sowing mix the germinated white seeds, chemical fertilizers, and soil raised from the ditch according to the mass of 10:60:8200 with the mixer of the micro-ridge mixer.
  • the amount of seed per mu is 5 kg and the ratio of N:P:K is 30 kg of compound fertilizer of 18:9:18, mixed with mud and then sown; during operation, the micro-ridge mixer completes stubble pressing, ditching and borrowing soil at one time. Mixed seed fertilizers are discharged into ridges in strips.
  • the crushed leaves and topsoil of the cabbage are pressed by the pry-type pressure plate installed on the micro-ridge mixer to form a relatively flat underlying surface.
  • the seed manure compound strips are sprinkled on the field surface to complete the planting.
  • the sown seed, fertilizer and mud compound pass through the drop guide and the shaper, and after falling, it forms a trapezoid with a wide bottom and a narrow top, forming a small ridge in rows.
  • the width of the bottom of the ridge is 6.5 cm, the width of the upper side is 1.5 cm, and the height is 3.5 cm; during operation, the micro-ridge mixer completes pressing and paving, ditching and collecting soil, mixing the fertilizer and mud, and discharging into a ridge in strips. After sowing, irrigate horse race water once.
  • the water layer should be maintained at 1 to 2 cm; in the tillering stage of rice, the water layer should be irrigated with a depth of 2 to 4 cm; in the later stage of tillering and when the number of stems and tillers reaches 80% of the effective panicle, it should be properly dried.
  • Field the degree of drying the field is appropriate to stand without sinking feet in the field; moist irrigation at the heading and flowering stage and milk maturity stage, the water layer is 1cm deep, and re-irrigated 3 days after the water is exhausted; the field is dried in the yellow maturity stage.

Abstract

一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法，包括S1、前茬作物成熟期排水，至收割机能作业的状态；S2、收割前茬作物，留茬并将前茬作物的秸秆粉碎后撒于留茬上，成为水稻生长的根际层；S3、在田里开沟，形成生态沟；S4、将直立的留茬和粉碎的秸秆压平在厢面上，形成下垫面，将种肥泥复合物成型为埂状并落于下垫面上，形成生态埂，相邻的生态沟之间形成多条生态埂；种肥泥复合物为质量比为6-14：50-70：6000-10000的水稻种子、化肥与泥土拌匀、混合得到。生态埂的作用一是作为介质包裹生物体、营养体，保温保湿透水透气；二是作为供体为生物体营养体提供水分营养，埂内已经催芽露白种子比埂内和埂外的杂草种子生长迅速，顺利生根长叶。

Description

一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种水稻栽培方法，尤其是一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法。
背景技术
我国农业资源环境遭受着外源性污染和内源性污染的双重胁迫，农业形成的面源污染已超过工业，农业可持续发展遭遇瓶颈。据统计，2018年中国化肥和农药使用量分别达到6000万吨(折纯)和30万吨(折百)，而化肥利用率仅为35％左右，农药残留大，导致土壤退化、养分流失、资源浪费；环境污染、产品质量下降。我国常年农业用水总量3720亿m 3，水稻生产用水量2418亿m 3(水稻用水总量约占农业用水总量的65％)；水稻常年播种面积为4.52亿亩，稻田耕作一般每亩需要泡田用水150m 3，泡田用水总量达到679.5亿m 3，进一步加剧水稻生产用水的紧张度。我国水稻总产量超2.07亿吨，按粒秆比1:1.2估算，年生产水稻秸秆超过2.48亿吨，秸秆中含有大量的有机质、氮磷钾营养元素、大量元素及微量元素，2.48亿吨秸秆，其中氮磷钾养分含量相当于198.4万吨尿素，289.33万吨过磷酸钙，289.33万吨硫酸钾。因此如果实现免耕旱直播、秸秆肥料化两项措施，节水、节肥效益十分明显，有力促进绿色发展。目前我国水稻秸秆已禁止直接焚烧或弃置乱堆，一般采用原地消化，即收获水稻籽粒后，茬和粉碎的秸秆留在原地，通过耕翻将其浅埋。由于近年水稻产量提高，秸秆产量也提高，如果不浅埋，直接免耕受秸秆干扰，播种质量受到影响，因此，在水稻秸秆原位还田的背景下如何免耕播种是一个急需解决的问题。解决这个问题，对于提高肥料利用率和灌溉用水利用率具有关键作用。
提高水资源利用率、提高化肥和农药利用率后的直接效益和间接效益十分显著。化肥利用率每提高1个百分点，可减少尿素使用量45.45万吨，减少氮排放21.73万吨，节省45.45万吨燃煤，约减少生产投入8.18亿元，同时也利于减少农药残留，保障农产品质量安全，保护土壤和水体环境。作物秸秆原位还田或覆盖还田能有效实现作物增产，一般增产4％以上。水稻生产用水是农业用水的主体，水稻生产用水减量事关我国农业用水大局。特别是晚稻泡田用水集中、用水量大，灌溉用水供应紧张，常延误晚稻播种农时，影响丰产。部分区域之间常发生用水纠纷，不利于和谐乡村的构建。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，为了克服水稻生产中秸秆还田影响耕作、利用率低，泡田用水紧张，化肥用量大，追肥时间及用量不合理等问题，同时为避免肥料基施对破胸播种 的影响，为提高水稻免耕旱种出苗率、成苗率，本发明提供一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法，该方法能在免耕旱播的前提下提高化肥利用率，减少泡田用水和农药使用量，达到节肥、节水、减本、培肥土壤的目的。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
S1、前茬作物成熟期排水，至收割机能作业的状态；
S2、收割前茬作物，留茬并将前茬作物的秸秆粉碎后撒于留茬上，成为水稻生长的根际层；
S3、在田里开沟，形成生态沟；
S4、将直立的留茬和粉碎的秸秆压平在厢面上，形成下垫面，将种肥泥复合物成型为埂状并落于下垫面上，形成生态埂，相邻的生态沟之间形成多条生态埂，生态埂为梯形，生态埂的下底宽5.5厘米-9.5厘米，上底宽1.5厘米-3.5厘米，高3.5厘米-6.5厘米，相邻生态埂之间为生态凹，播种后灌一次跑马水；种肥泥复合物为质量比为6-14：50-70：6000-10000的水稻种子、化肥与泥土拌匀、混合得到。
本发明的技术原理为：技术原理的核心是形成生态埂、生态凹、生态沟。生态埂由生物体、营养体、水土体构成，一是作为介质包裹生物体、营养体，行使物理功能保护生物体营养体的完整性，保温、保湿、透水、透气；二是作为供体为生物体营养体提供水分营养。生态凹由海绵层、表土层、生态缝构成，为生态埂提供库容，调节生态埂中的水、肥、气、温、湿。生态沟由沟主体、沟侧缝、沟底泥构成。生态沟行使排水灌水、提供生态埂原料、提供水生动物通道，可在沟中养殖草鱼、丁桂鱼、鲫鱼、鸭等，为水稻除虫除草。在免耕免灌旱直播状态下，生态埂内的种子露出的胚根胚芽依托优越的温、湿条件，吸收种子内和复合物中的营养，比埂内和埂外的杂草种子生长迅速，顺利生根长叶；在常规田间管理基础上，水稻生长分蘖始期，投放幼鸭防控病虫杂草，孕穗期追施复合肥料。本发明通过免耕、免灌、带肥带泥旱直播，显著提高成苗率，显著提高苗期生长速度，显著增强稻苗抑草能力，实现苗期农药零投入，泡田水零投入，提高水肥利用率，提高温光利用率。
所述微埂混播是相对于穴播，穴播是利用机器挖出一个穴，再播种种子；微埂混播则是将种、肥、泥混合，洒于田面，利用塑形器将其塑造成埂状。所述梯形上窄下宽，呈长埂状，其长度与田的长度等距。梯形底部与田面无缝相连，将土表的水分通过毛细管作用输送至埂内，又可把埂中多余非束缚水排至田面。
聚肥润苗：由于生态埂是种子、化肥、开沟扬出的泥按质量6-14：50-70：6000-10000混合而成，化肥在生态埂中的比例接近1％，且均匀分布，生态埂成为肥土，因此，生态埂把少量的化肥聚集成了肥土，促进幼苗生长。
进一步地，S3中，相邻生态沟之间的间距为1.8米-8米，生态沟的深度为45-65厘米、宽10-18厘米。
进一步地，该栽培方法还包括S5、水稻进入分蘖始期，每亩投放21～30日龄幼鸭20只，除草、除虫，防控病害，中耕。
幼鸭放养初期，投喂专用饲料，幼鸭适应田间环境后，以幼鸭田间捕食为主，投喂食料为辅。水稻分蘖盛期，每天傍晚投放饲料，且随幼鸭体重增加而增加食料的投放量。
进一步地，栽培过程的水分管理为：水稻出苗后维持水层1～2cm；水稻分蘖期采取湿润灌溉，水层深度2～4cm；分蘖后期及茎蘖数达到有效穗数80％时晒田；抽穗开花期及乳熟期湿润灌溉，水层深1cm，水耗尽后3～4d再灌水；黄熟期晒田。
进一步地，S4中水稻种子为催芽露白的种子，种子用量为3-7公斤/每亩。
扶苗成禾：播种破胸露白的水稻后，由于生态埂中化肥浓度较高，适合水稻幼苗生长，在水稻苗期，可促进水稻快速、健壮生长，地上部茎叶、地下部根系迅速扩张，有效抑制杂草根、茎、叶生长，有利于水稻早成禾，成壮禾。特别是播种的是破胸露白的水稻种子，而杂草种子尚处于休眠状态，水稻生长早起步、快起步与杂草生长的迟起步、慢起步，形成生长差异，有利于实现以水稻生长克杂草生长、以水稻根茎叶克杂草根茎叶。
进一步地，S4中泥土为S3中开沟扬出的泥土。
进一步地，S1中，于前茬作物成熟后期清沟排水。
进一步地，常规水稻播种的株行距为10-15cm×17-23cm，杂交稻的株行距为16-22cm×23-27cm。
亦秧亦苗：微埂混播既可以免耕水稻旱直播，也可以成为育秧方式。如果把微埂混播作为育秧方式，株、行距应作相应改变，常规水稻育秧的株行距为2-8cm×4-12cm，杂交稻为3-12cm×6-15cm。作为育秧方式的好处是，移栽或抛秧时，秧苗可以直接提起，而且还带泥，既方便操作，又保障移植质量。
进一步地，S3中，利用链式开沟器开沟。
铸泥为肥：链式开沟器将沟中的泥扬出，变成碎泥，大部分成为粉末状，有利于营养物质释放供幼苗根系吸收，变泥为肥。
进一步地，S4中，利用撬式压板压平直立的留茬和粉碎的秸秆；
S4中，种肥泥复合物落到下垫面前经过导落器，导落器将洒落的种肥泥复合物输送至塑形器，通过塑形器形成梯形，落于下垫面。
用链式开沟器开沟，是利用链条状的开沟装置，将田中的泥土扬出，形成沟。扬出的泥土大部分成为混播的材料，微埂混播的材料由水稻种子、化肥、泥土三部分构成，形成复合物。
在沟与沟之间的厢面上，利用撬式压板压迫茬和粉碎的秸秆，形成相对平整的下垫面。将种肥泥复合物条洒于田面；种肥泥复合物落到田面前通过导落器，导落器将洒落的种肥泥复合物输送至塑形器，通过塑形器后，落下后形成下宽上窄的梯形，成行呈微埂状。
进一步地，根据孕穗期的苗情、天气，每亩追施复合肥2-10公斤。
上述方案中，病虫草害控制方法为：田间病虫草害主要采用鸭子进行控制，但水稻病虫害大面积爆发时，需及时采用生物药剂进行防治。
上述方案中，需日常巡查，特别在稻鸭共育期，每天傍晚需观察鸭子的生长情况以及检查围栏设施是否完好，防止鸭子外逃和天敌伤害。投喂量根据鸭子食量增加而增加。
上述方案中，微埂混播应选择晴天或阴天即时播种或后期无大雨的小雨天播种，同时下雨天敞开排水口，防止田间积水。
上述方案中，播种、肥、泥复合物时，将种子、肥料均匀置于泥中，既保证发芽的种子能便捷吸收营养，又保证借助埂内泥土的作用防止化肥浓度过高伤害种芽。在萌发的初期，种根通过泥土的隔离，不与化肥、其它种子接触，化肥分解后释放的营养可透过埂内泥土被根吸收。
上述方案中，操作时由微埂混播机一次完成压茬铺平、开沟取土、混合种肥泥、条状排出成埂。
本发明将稻田的泥取出形成生态沟，取出的泥土与稻茬、收割机揉碎后的稻草秸杆、化肥、催芽露白的种子混合，形成微埂混播复合体。借助撬式压草板构建较平整的下垫面，通过旱直播播种施肥机的螺旋排口排出种、肥、土复合体，复合体通过塑形器后成埂状，两埂间的凹处形成生态凹。水平面形成生态埂、生态凹、生态沟有序分布的结构，垂直面由上往下形成种料层(种子和肥料、泥土)、秸秆层、土表层、交换层，形成土壤耕层水、气、肥协调融合的立体结构，实现早出苗、出全苗、出壮苗。种子旱播种在免耕稻田里，免去泡田整地环节，维持稻田耕作层结构，保持稻田生态系统稳定性；秸秆全量还田利用，减少环境污染，实现农业资源高效回收与利用；破胸稻种有三条水分获得途径：自身水分、埂中的水分和土表通过毛细管作用进入埂中的水分；有三个保水屏障：果皮、粘附在谷粒表面的土壤微聚体、埂中的泥土，增加了破胸稻种的吸水途径，减少外界环境不利因素的影响，解决了直播水稻出苗不全的难题；复合肥均匀分布在埂中，已经发芽的种子可有效利用，秧苗得以快速吸收养分，利于旺苗和壮苗的形成；采用鸭子控制田间病虫草害，减少农药的使用量，实现稻米绿色生产；水稻生长中后期采用因苗施肥、因田施肥的追肥原则，在保证水稻正常生长发育的前提下，减少化肥用量并提高利用率。
本发明利用即时开沟的碎泥形成生态埂、生态埂之间形成生态凹，碎泥扬出后形成生态沟，通过免耕、免灌、带肥带泥旱直播，显著提高成苗率，显著提高苗期生长速度，显著增 强稻苗抑草能力，实现苗期农药零投入，泡田水零投入，提高水肥利用率，提高温光利用率。
生态埂由生物体、营养体、水土体构成。生物体是已经发芽露白的种子，被均匀包裹在埂内；营养体是复合肥颗粒，与种子不相连，但圴匀分布在生物体之间；水肥体是含水10％-70％的稻田土，由开沟机扬出，一是作为介质包裹生物体、营养体，行使物理功能保护生物体营养体的完整性，保温、保湿、透水、透气；二是作为供体为生物体营养体提供水分营养
生态凹由海绵层、表土层、生态缝构成。海绵层是前茬收割后留下的秸秆，一部分是直立的留茬被压倒，一部分是收割机吐出的碎秸秆，一起形成海绵状结构；表土层位于秸秆层下面，是水稻生长的耕作层，为生态埂提供仓容，调节生态埂中的水、肥、气、温、湿；生态缝位于生态凹中，是田中的坼，是输送氧气也排放其它气体的通道。生态缝互通并与生态沟连通，成为稻田灌溉排放的网络。
生态沟由沟主体、沟侧缝、沟底泥构成。沟主体是沟的主要结构，即容纳水分的长方体，当沟完全灌满水时，长方体完全容纳水分；当处于半沟水时，上部长方体上半部容纳空气、下半部容纳水分。生态沟行使排水灌水、提供生态埂原料、提供水生动物通道，可在沟中养殖草鱼、丁桂鱼、鲫鱼、鸭等功能。
与现有技术相比，本发明所具有的有益效果为：
一是节水功能，本发明实现了水稻免耕旱直播播种，省去因耕作所需的泡田用水；
二是清洁秸秆功能，稻草全量还田后易导致机械旋耕或翻耕作业困难，导致稻农以时间换空间，即搁置几天，让秸秆自然失水萎蔫或焚烧稻草以方便作业，本发明实现了前茬秸秆平铺在稻田表面，形成下垫面，既保护稻田表层，又为水稻幼苗期生长提供根际环境，实现秸秆还田，资源化利用；
三是增氧功能，利用生态埂的薄封和位于地上部的透气功能，有利于水稻供氧；
四是保苗与壮苗功能，微埂混播能增加破胸稻种的吸水途径，促进破胸稻种的发芽与出苗；生态凹和生态沟等距，相邻不相连，通过毛细管作用、稻田细坼作用，水多排渍，水少保水；适量肥料混合在埂状泥墙中，秧苗得以快速吸收养分，利于旺苗和壮苗的形成；
五是防控杂草功能，水稻幼苗期根系分布以生态埂形成的高位为主，水稻生长形成的遮光作用为辅；水稻生长中期以水稻生长形成的遮光作用为主，生态埂控制为辅的物理方法控制田间杂草；稻鸭共育期间全程以鸭子控草。
六是节肥与丰产功能，适量肥料的基施和水稻生长中后期因苗施肥、因田施肥，特别是占总量70％-90％的化肥已在播种时进入生态埂中，避免化肥挥发损失、用量大及追肥不合理等问题；水稻生长前期利用基施化肥利于壮苗的形成，中后期因苗、因田追肥，使水稻生长处于最佳状态，为水稻丰产奠定基础；
七是提高农业资源利用率的功能，生态埂旱直播实现了种子和基施肥料的精确定量、播 种位置的精确定位，避免了水稻传统撒直播和肥料撒施的无序状态，节约种子和肥料；避免耕作后因播种放水所导致的水土流失；肥料基施在水稻生长前期可最直接、最快捷地供给营养，在水稻生长中、后期可逐步作用于植物根系，有利水稻根系吸收及生长，提高肥料利用率。
八是生态效益功能，减少灌溉用水和农药使用量、减少作业能耗、免烧稻草、减少雾霾；维持稻田耕层结构，保持稻田生物多样性及生态系统稳定性。
附图说明
图1为微埂混播机的结构示意图。
图2为微埂混播机的侧面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解上述技术方案，下面将结合说明书附图以及具体的实施方式对上述技术方案做详细的说明。
实施例
如图1-图2所示，一种微埂混播机，包括拖拉机1，与拖拉机1后方固定连接的联杆2。图1中的箭头为拖拉机1的前进方向，拖拉机1后方指与箭头相反的方向。拖拉机1上设置有第一驱动装置，第一驱动装置与链式开沟器3的一端连接。链式开沟器3倾斜设置，链式开沟器3高的一端与第一驱动装置连接，链式开沟器3低的一端与土地接触。链式开沟器3包括主动轮31、被动轮32、第一空载链条33、第二空载链条34、链条横梁35、刮土刀36和负荷链条37，第一空载链条33与第二空载链条34绕设于主动轮31与被动轮32之间，链条横梁35设置多道，且均设置于第一空载链条33与第二空载链条34之间，刮土刀36固定于第一空载链条33与第二空载链条34外侧，负荷链条37也绕设于主动轮31与被动轮32之间，第一驱动装置与主动轮31连接。第一驱动装置带动所述主动轮转动，从而带动所述被动轮、所述第一空载链条、所述第二空载链条和所述负荷链条转动，所述刮土刀对土壤进行开沟，并使土壤扬起。链式开沟器3的作业参数为沟间距1.8米-8米，深45-65厘米，宽10-18厘米。
链式开沟器3下方设置有输送机4，输送机4上端未封闭，用于接收扬起的泥土，且采用螺旋叶轮。输送机4上联通有排化肥器5、排种子器6，输送机4、排化肥器5和排种子器6分别由设置在拖拉机1上的第二驱动装置、第三驱动装置、第四驱动装置驱动，输送机4另一端连通有螺旋输送机7，螺旋输送机7固定于联杆2上，螺旋输送机7由设置于拖拉机1上的第五驱动装置驱动。
螺旋输送机7的底部从上至下依次联通有导落器8和塑形器9，导落器8和塑形器9设置有多组，塑形器9为梯形，梯形的尺寸为下底宽5.5厘米-11.5厘米，上底宽1.5厘米-5.5 厘米，高3.5厘米-9.5厘米。相邻两组导落器8和塑形器9之间的距离为4厘米-6厘米。
撬式压板10包括翘起端和水平端，翘起端与联杆2固定，水平端与地面平行且靠近土地。撬式压板10呈L型，翘起端垂直于水平端。
输送机、排化肥器、排种子器和螺旋输送机的驱动都采用直流电机分别驱动；导落器和塑形器没有驱动，依靠落体重力、机器前行的动能与导落器、塑形器的耦合对种、肥、泥复合物进行导落和塑形。
实施例1
2019年3月至2019年7月早稻微埂混播种栽培在湖南省长沙市长沙县路口镇明月村泉塘组实施：
1.前茬为白菜，4月7日采收，当日清沟排水，土表湿，但四轮拖拉机可作业。
2.白菜茬留的碎叶，不移出，成为水稻生长的根际层。
3.采用微埂混播机播种：1)用链式开沟器开沟，将田中的泥土扬出形成沟。沟间距8米，沟深45厘米，沟宽12厘米。扬出的泥土大部分成为混播的原料，播种的材料由水稻种子、化肥、泥土三部分构成，形成复合物。播种时将催芽露白的种子、化肥、开沟扬出的泥土按质量10：60：8200用微埂混播机的搅拌器混合。每亩种子用量5公斤、N:P:K比例为18：9：18的复合肥30公斤，与泥混合后播种；操作时由微埂混播机一次完成压茬铺平、开沟取土、混合种肥泥、条状排出成埂。
2)在沟之间的厢面上，利用安装在微埂混播机上的撬式压板压迫白菜的碎叶和表土，形成相对平整的下垫面。将种肥泥复合物条洒于田面，完成播种。播下的种、肥、泥复合物在落到地面之前，通过导落器和塑形器，落下后形成下宽上窄的梯形，成行呈微埂状。埂下底宽6.5厘米，上边宽1.5厘米，高3.5厘米；操作时由微埂混播机一次完成压茬铺平、开沟取土、混合种肥泥、条状排出成埂。播种后灌一次跑马水。
4.水稻进入分蘖始期，每亩投放25日龄幼鸭25只，除草、除虫，防控病害，中耕。幼鸭放养初期，投喂专用饲料，每只鸭每天0.01公斤；幼鸭适应田间环境后，以幼鸭田间捕食为主，投喂食料为辅。水稻分蘖盛期，每天傍晚投放饲料，改用配合饲料：玉米粉40斤、豆渣15斤、油糠15斤、统糠15斤、青饲料15斤(青饲料剁碎)，混合好后加入50斤井水(水里加入半斤的益生菌酵素)。每只鸭每天投饲料0.03公斤，且随鸭体重增加而增加食料的投放量。配合水稻生长与鸭的活动进行水分管理，水稻出苗后维持水层1～2cm；水稻分蘖期采取湿润灌溉，水层深度2～4cm；分蘖后期及茎蘖数达到有效穗数80％时适当晒田，晒田的程度以进田站立不陷脚为宜；抽穗开花期及乳熟期湿润灌溉，水层深1cm，水耗尽后3d再灌水；黄熟期晒田。
5.根据孕穗期的苗情、天气，每亩追施N:P:K比例为18：9：18的复合肥4公斤。
6.整个早稻生长期间，生长发育正常，没有出现倒伏，产量增加，肥料减少：
表1.早稻微埂混播栽培与常规栽培比较种植业综合效益对照表
上述实施例阐明的内容应当理解为这些实施例仅用于更清楚地说明本发明，而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    S1、前茬作物成熟期排水，至收割机能作业的状态；
    S2、收割前茬作物，留茬并将前茬作物的秸秆粉碎后撒于留茬上，成为水稻生长的根际层；
    S3、在田里开沟，形成生态沟；
    S4、将直立的留茬和粉碎的秸秆压平在厢面上，形成下垫面，将种肥泥复合物成型为埂状并落于下垫面上，形成生态埂，相邻的生态沟之间形成多条生态埂，生态埂为梯形，生态埂的下底宽5.5厘米-9.5厘米，上底宽1.5厘米-3.5厘米，高3.5厘米-6.5厘米，相邻生态埂之间为生态凹，播种后灌一次跑马水；种肥泥复合物为质量比为6-14：50-70：6000-10000的水稻种子、化肥与泥土拌匀、混合得到。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法，其特征在于，S3中，相邻生态沟之间的间距为1.8米-8米，生态沟的深度为45-65厘米、宽10-18厘米。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法，其特征在于，还包括S5、水稻进入分蘖始期，每亩投放21～30日龄幼鸭20只，除草、除虫，防控病害，中耕。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法，其特征在于栽培过程的水分管理为：水稻出苗后维持水层1～2cm；水稻分蘖期采取湿润灌溉，水层深度2～4cm；分蘖后期及茎蘖数达到有效穗数80％时晒田；抽穗开花期及乳熟期湿润灌溉，水层深1cm，水耗尽后3～4d再灌水；黄熟期晒田。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法，其特征在于，S4中水稻种子为催芽露白的种子，种子用量为3-7公斤/每亩。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法，其特征在于，S4中泥土为S3中开沟扬出的泥土。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法，其特征在于，S1中，于前茬作物成熟后期清沟排水。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法，其特征在于，常规水稻播种的株行距为10-15cm×17-23cm，杂交稻的株行距为16-22cm×23-27cm。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法，其特征在于，S3中，利用链式开沟器开沟。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法，其特征在于，S4中，利用撬式压板压平直立的留茬和粉碎的秸秆；
    S4中，种肥泥复合物落到下垫面前经过导落器，导落器将洒落的种肥泥复合物输送至塑形器，通过塑形器形成梯形，落于下垫面。
PCT/CN2021/089813 2020-08-06 2021-04-26 一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法 WO2022028011A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/429,638 US20220304258A1 (en) 2020-08-06 2021-04-26 Method for micro-ridge mixed-sowing cultivation of rice

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010782482.6A CN111919688B (zh) 2020-08-06 2020-08-06 一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法
CN202010782482.6 2020-08-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022028011A1 true WO2022028011A1 (zh) 2022-02-10

Family

ID=73306831

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2021/089813 WO2022028011A1 (zh) 2020-08-06 2021-04-26 一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20220304258A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN111919688B (zh)
WO (1) WO2022028011A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111919681B (zh) * 2020-08-06 2022-08-02 湖南农业大学 一种旱地作物微埂混播栽培方法
CN111919688B (zh) * 2020-08-06 2022-08-19 湖南农业大学 一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法
CN113854073B (zh) * 2021-09-29 2022-12-13 湖南农业大学 一种水稻压根免耕栽培方法
CN114431088B (zh) * 2022-01-05 2023-05-09 湖南农业大学 一种超低碳稻作方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB362226A (en) * 1931-02-02 1931-12-03 Internat Skogplantningsmetode Improvements in and relating to the planting of seed and the manufacture of blocks or briquettes containing seeds
CN1914973A (zh) * 2005-09-24 2007-02-21 袁永见 种子拌泥肥撒播免盖技术
CN104663206A (zh) * 2015-02-11 2015-06-03 湖南农业大学 一种多熟制水稻半固态免耕旱直播方法
CN104871891A (zh) * 2015-05-22 2015-09-02 湖南农业大学 一种水肥种一体化稻作方法
CN106234097A (zh) * 2016-08-05 2016-12-21 史传怀 水稻种子营养土造粒套播方法
CN106576494A (zh) * 2016-12-08 2017-04-26 黑龙江八农垦大学 浸种种子与复合基质一体成型的寒地水稻育苗方法
CN111919688A (zh) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-13 湖南农业大学 一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3774359B2 (ja) * 2000-07-31 2006-05-10 亥一郎 渡部 水稲の育苗方法
CN201131125Y (zh) * 2007-12-25 2008-10-15 秦正清 螺旋式排土开沟及起垄装置
JP2014064495A (ja) * 2012-09-25 2014-04-17 Kubota Corp 稲の直播栽培方法
CN103749228B (zh) * 2014-01-13 2015-05-06 湖南农业大学 基于双季稻的三熟制晚稻生态厢沟直播栽培方法
CN103733931B (zh) * 2014-01-13 2015-02-25 湖南农业大学 草土分层构建利用稻作方法
CN204090457U (zh) * 2014-10-15 2015-01-14 汪延忠 一种旋耕起垄播种施肥一体机
BE1022306B1 (nl) * 2014-12-08 2016-03-15 A.I.R.T. Bvba Werkwijze voor het bewerken van volle grond
RU2612440C1 (ru) * 2016-01-18 2017-03-09 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Ульяновская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия имени П.А. Столыпина" Способ гребневого возделывания пропашных культур
CN206371057U (zh) * 2016-11-09 2017-08-04 陇东学院 可调式果园起垄平地两用机
CN207075222U (zh) * 2017-07-23 2018-03-09 厦门丸美播农业科技有限公司 一种智能播种机
CN108293738B (zh) * 2017-09-14 2020-02-14 湖南农业大学 一种双季晚稻旱直播栽培方法
CN107950328B (zh) * 2017-12-08 2021-03-16 韦守国 不使用农药除草、稻田间无杂草的栽培方法
CN109566014A (zh) * 2018-12-04 2019-04-05 中国农业大学 一种种肥同步定位玉米免耕施肥播种机

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB362226A (en) * 1931-02-02 1931-12-03 Internat Skogplantningsmetode Improvements in and relating to the planting of seed and the manufacture of blocks or briquettes containing seeds
CN1914973A (zh) * 2005-09-24 2007-02-21 袁永见 种子拌泥肥撒播免盖技术
CN104663206A (zh) * 2015-02-11 2015-06-03 湖南农业大学 一种多熟制水稻半固态免耕旱直播方法
CN104871891A (zh) * 2015-05-22 2015-09-02 湖南农业大学 一种水肥种一体化稻作方法
CN106234097A (zh) * 2016-08-05 2016-12-21 史传怀 水稻种子营养土造粒套播方法
CN106576494A (zh) * 2016-12-08 2017-04-26 黑龙江八农垦大学 浸种种子与复合基质一体成型的寒地水稻育苗方法
CN111919688A (zh) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-13 湖南农业大学 一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20220304258A1 (en) 2022-09-29
CN111919688B (zh) 2022-08-19
CN111919688A (zh) 2020-11-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN108718965B (zh) 一种稻虾共作的稻虾生态种养方法
WO2022028011A1 (zh) 一种水稻微埂混播栽培方法
CN103518523B (zh) 山坡果园种草养羊循环模式种植方法
WO2022028010A1 (zh) 一种旱地作物微埂混播栽培方法
CN103749224B (zh) 基于双季稻的三熟制冬作生态厢沟栽培方法
CN103733931B (zh) 草土分层构建利用稻作方法
CN104186209B (zh) 大樱桃优质苗木繁育方法
CN102428815B (zh) 一种香茶菜的规范化种植（gap）方法
CN105230319A (zh) 一种南瓜的高产种植方法
CN107409736A (zh) 黄精的种植方法
CN103749228B (zh) 基于双季稻的三熟制晚稻生态厢沟直播栽培方法
CN105918030A (zh) 一种环保高产的水稻种植方法
CN106718766A (zh) 洛党参大鹏漂浮快速育苗及种植方法
CN107047045A (zh) 一种黄淮海南部地区小麦玉米周年增产培育方法
CN103749226B (zh) 基于双季稻的三熟制早稻生态厢沟直播栽培方法
WO2021103838A1 (zh) 一种香芋的高产量种植方法
CN106613249A (zh) 一种提高寒地黑土区土壤肥力的方法
CN112997822A (zh) 一种绿色生态的绿豆和谷子一年两作种植方法
CN104584966B (zh) 基于双季稻的三熟制晚稻生态厢沟移栽栽培方法
CN111328658A (zh) 一种油稻轮作方法
CN113854073B (zh) 一种水稻压根免耕栽培方法
CN104719057A (zh) 一种优质水稻栽培方法
CN108464205B (zh) 一种春玉米套直播晚稻一年两熟种植方法
CN111837847A (zh) 一种宁夏水稻浅播后上水栽培方法
CN216058211U (zh) 一种作业灵活的微埂混播机

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 21854622

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 21854622

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1