WO2022022471A1 - 一种媒体流切换方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种媒体流切换方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022022471A1
WO2022022471A1 PCT/CN2021/108484 CN2021108484W WO2022022471A1 WO 2022022471 A1 WO2022022471 A1 WO 2022022471A1 CN 2021108484 W CN2021108484 W CN 2021108484W WO 2022022471 A1 WO2022022471 A1 WO 2022022471A1
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Prior art keywords
media stream
live media
feature information
network element
live
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PCT/CN2021/108484
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潘奇
黄正磊
倪慧
王亚鑫
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to JP2023506063A priority Critical patent/JP7564330B2/ja
Priority to EP21849011.8A priority patent/EP4181515A4/en
Publication of WO2022022471A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022022471A1/zh
Priority to US18/158,011 priority patent/US20230156247A1/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/21Server components or server architectures
    • H04N21/218Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays
    • H04N21/2187Live feed
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/54Store-and-forward switching systems 
    • H04L12/56Packet switching systems
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/1066Session management
    • H04L65/1069Session establishment or de-establishment
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04L65/61Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
    • H04L65/611Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for multicast or broadcast
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/21Server components or server architectures
    • H04N21/218Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays
    • H04N21/21805Source of audio or video content, e.g. local disk arrays enabling multiple viewpoints, e.g. using a plurality of cameras
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04N21/235Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/44Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/44016Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving splicing one content stream with another content stream, e.g. for substituting a video clip
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    • H04N21/61Network physical structure; Signal processing
    • H04N21/6156Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network
    • H04N21/6181Network physical structure; Signal processing specially adapted to the upstream path of the transmission network involving transmission via a mobile phone network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/637Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components
    • H04N21/6373Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components for rate control, e.g. request to the server to modify its transmission rate
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    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/637Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components
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    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/637Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components
    • H04N21/6377Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components directed to server
    • H04N21/6379Control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components directed to server directed to encoder, e.g. for requesting a lower encoding rate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/643Communication protocols
    • H04N21/64322IP
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/65Transmission of management data between client and server
    • H04N21/658Transmission by the client directed to the server
    • H04N21/6587Control parameters, e.g. trick play commands, viewpoint selection

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a method and device for switching media streams.
  • the new media industry is developing rapidly.
  • Users can install live broadcast application clients (such as Douyin) on mobile phones, tablet computers and other terminals. quick worker Taobao Live ) to watch the video in real time.
  • the live application client in the terminal can request a live media stream with a suitable bit rate or resolution from the application server according to the user's video quality requirements.
  • the live application client in the terminal may also request a live media stream with an appropriate field of view from the application server according to the user's current field of view.
  • the live application client in the terminal Due to the delay in the network transmission process, it is difficult for the live application client in the terminal to send the media stream parameter information (such as bit rate value, resolution value or field of view) requested by the terminal to the application server side in time, resulting in The delay of media stream switching is too large, and the live video is stuck, which seriously affects the user's experience of watching the live broadcast in real time.
  • the media stream parameter information such as bit rate value, resolution value or field of view
  • the present application provides a media stream switching method and device, which are used to determine the live media stream corresponding to the feature information according to the feature information of the live media stream in the switching request sent by the terminal device, and timely distribute the live media stream to the terminal device. media stream, thereby reducing the media stream switching delay.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which is applicable to an access network device, including:
  • the access network device receives the feature information of the first live media stream included in the handover request from the terminal device, and the access network device determines, according to the feature information, the first live media stream corresponding to the feature information of the first live media stream, so as to receive the first live media stream.
  • the network access device switches the media stream sent to the terminal device, that is, the live media stream sent to the terminal device is switched from the second live media stream to the first live media stream, where both the second live media stream and the first live media stream correspond to the connection access equipment.
  • the embodiment of this method helps to switch the media stream in time by placing the switching decision right on the access network device. to reduce the media stream switching delay.
  • way 1 the access network device determines the first address information corresponding to the first live media stream, and then the access network device sends the first address information to the terminal device, wherein the first address information uses Binding with the second address information corresponding to the second live media stream.
  • Mode 2 The access network device determines the first address information corresponding to the first live media stream and the second address information corresponding to the second live media stream, and the access network device will carry the first live media stream in the data packet.
  • the first address information is replaced with the second address information.
  • the address information may refer to at least one of IP and port information.
  • the access network device will send the IP/port information corresponding to the feature information requested by the terminal device to the terminal device side, to ensure that the terminal device side can bind the IP/port information with the original IP/port information After receiving the corresponding data, realize its analysis and application.
  • the access network device receives a message from the session management function network element or the user plane function network element, the message includes first address information corresponding to the first live media stream, and the access network device determines according to the message First address information and second address information corresponding to the first live media stream.
  • the session management function network element will send the corresponding address information to the access network device, or the user plane management function network element will directly send the address information to the access network device.
  • the manner in which the access network device determines the first live media stream corresponding to the feature information of the first live media stream may be as follows: the access network device determines, according to the feature information of the first live media stream, including The feature information of the first live media stream exists in the second activity feature information set of the feature information of the live media stream of at least one terminal device served by the access network device, and the access network device determines from the monitored live media stream that it carries the first live media stream.
  • a first live media stream of characteristic information of a live media stream may be as follows: the access network device determines, according to the feature information of the first live media stream, including The feature information of the first live media stream exists in the second activity feature information set of the feature information of the live media stream of at least one terminal device served by the access network device, and the access network device determines from the monitored live media stream that it carries the first live media stream.
  • a first live media stream of characteristic information of a live media stream may be as follows: the access network device determines, according to the feature information of the first live
  • the access network device can monitor the media stream to be served, so that the media stream currently being accessed by the terminal device within the service range of the access network device can be identified. Therefore, the corresponding first live media stream can be determined according to the feature information. .
  • the access network device determines, according to the feature information of the first live media stream, that the second activity feature information set does not include the feature information of the first live media stream, so the access network device sends a message to the terminal device.
  • Response information the response message is used to notify the terminal device that the switching of the live media stream fails, so that the terminal device re-sends the switching request to the application server after receiving the response message.
  • the application server may be an edge application server or a central application server, wherein the edge application server is closer to the terminal device than the central application server, and the edge application server may also be called a local application server, and the central application server is also called a local application server.
  • the application server can also be called a remote application server.
  • the access network device may send a response message to the terminal device in time when it is determined that the first live media stream does not currently exist, so as to avoid handover failure and the terminal device being stuck for a long time.
  • the access network device determines, according to the feature information of the first live media stream, that the combination of the second activity feature information does not include the feature information of the first live media stream, so the access network device uses the user plane function
  • the network element sends the feature information of the first live media stream to the application server, that is, requests the application server for the first live media stream.
  • the access network device may request the application server for the first live media stream in time when it is determined that the first live media stream does not currently exist, so as to avoid handover failure and long-term freeze of the terminal device.
  • the second activity feature information may be generated in the following manner: the access network device sends a live session establishment request message of the terminal device to the session management function network element, and the access network device receives the message from the session management function.
  • the creation completion message of the live session of the functional network element and the second indication information the access network device monitors the live media stream of at least one terminal device served by the access network device according to the second indication information, and creates a second activity feature collection of information.
  • the access network device may also send the second set of activity feature information to the terminal device, so that the terminal device can first determine the feature information of the first live media stream to be switched according to the switch request before sending the switch request Whether it exists in the second activity feature information set, if it exists, the terminal device sends a handover request to the access network device, otherwise, it sends a handover request to the application server.
  • the access network device may form the second activity feature information set according to the GTP layer instruction, and send the second activity feature information set to the terminal device through the RRC message or the PDCP layer extension identifier.
  • the access network device side directly copies/forwards the media stream corresponding to the characteristic information to the DRB corresponding to the terminal device to complete the media stream switching.
  • the feature information of the first live media stream is a streaming media parameter value of the first live media stream, or an index value uniquely corresponding to the first live media stream, wherein the streaming media parameter value includes a bit rate, The value of at least one of the parameters of resolution, frame rate, or field of view.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a media stream switching method, which is applicable to a terminal device.
  • the terminal device sends feature information of a first live media stream to an access network device, and the terminal device receives a live broadcast from the access network device.
  • the media stream is switched from the second live media stream to the first live media stream, wherein the first live media stream corresponds to the characteristic information of the first live media stream, and both the second live media stream and the first live media stream correspond to each other.
  • Network equipment should be connected.
  • this method embodiment places the decision right of switching on the access network device or user. This helps to switch media streams in time and reduce the delay of media stream switching.
  • the method before the terminal device sends the feature information of the first live media stream to the access network device, the method further includes: the terminal device sends a live session establishment request message to the session management function network element through the access network device, The terminal device receives the creation request completion message for the live broadcast service and the initial feature information set from the session management function network element through the access network device, wherein the initial feature information set includes the feature information of the live media stream corresponding to various media stream parameters , the terminal device determines the feature information of the first live media stream corresponding to the current media stream parameter information from the initial feature information set.
  • the distribution of the feature information about the live media stream is completed, so as to ensure the switching of the media stream.
  • the method before the terminal device sends the feature information of the first live media stream to the access network device, the method further includes: the terminal device receives a second set of activity feature information from the access network device, and the terminal device determines the second set of activity feature information.
  • the activity feature information set includes feature information of the first live media stream
  • the second activity feature information set includes feature information of the live media stream of at least one terminal device served by the access network device.
  • the terminal device checks the second activity feature information set, and if the feature information corresponding to the requested media stream is not in the second activity feature information set, the terminal device will use the existing application layer interaction process to perform corresponding feature information. If the feature information corresponding to the requested media stream is within the second activity feature information set, the terminal device directly sends a live media stream request corresponding to the feature information to the access network device.
  • the terminal device further receives a first set of activity feature information from the user plane function network element, where the first activity feature information set includes a live media stream of at least one terminal device served by the user plane function network element collection of feature information.
  • the terminal device determines that the first activity feature information set includes the feature information of the first live media stream, it sends a handover request to the user plane function network element through the access network device; when the terminal device determines that the first activity feature information set does not include the first live media stream
  • a switching request is sent to the application server.
  • the application server may be an edge application server or a central application server, wherein the edge application server is closer to the terminal device than the central application server, and the edge application server may also be called a local application server, and the central application server is also called a local application server.
  • the application server can also be called a remote application server.
  • the terminal device checks the first activity feature information set, and if the feature information corresponding to the requested media stream is not in the second activity feature information set, the terminal device will use the existing application layer interaction process to perform corresponding feature information. If the feature information corresponding to the requested media stream is within the first activity feature information set, the terminal device directly sends a live media stream request corresponding to the feature information to the user plane functional network element.
  • the terminal device further receives first address information corresponding to the first live media stream, and the terminal device compares the first address information corresponding to the first live media stream with the second address information corresponding to the second live media stream Binding is performed, and the first live media stream is parsed according to the binding relationship.
  • the access network device will send the IP/port information corresponding to the feature information requested by the terminal device to the terminal device side, to ensure that the terminal device side can bind the IP/port information with the original IP/port information After receiving the corresponding data, realize its analysis and application.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a method for switching media streams, the method is applicable to a user plane functional network element, and the method includes:
  • the user plane function network element receives the feature information of the first live media stream from the terminal device, the user plane function network element determines the first live media stream corresponding to the feature information of the first live media stream, and the user plane function network element sends the information to the terminal.
  • the device sends the live media stream to switch from the second live media stream to the first live media stream, where both the second live media stream and the first live media stream correspond to user plane functional network elements.
  • this method embodiment helps to switch in time by placing the switching decision right on the user plane functional network element media stream, reducing the media stream switching delay.
  • the user plane functional network element before the user plane functional network element switches the live media stream sent to the terminal device from the second live media stream to the first live media stream, the user plane functional network element determines that the live media stream corresponds to the first live media stream and the second address information corresponding to the second live media stream, the user plane function network element replaces the first address information in the data packet carrying the first live media stream with the second address information.
  • the terminal device side can use the original IP/port information to parse and apply the corresponding data.
  • the user plane function network element determines the first address information corresponding to the first live media stream, the user plane function network element sends the first address information to the terminal device, and the first address information is used to communicate with the second live media stream.
  • the second address information corresponding to the live media stream is bound.
  • the user plane function network element will send the IP/port information corresponding to the feature information requested by the terminal device to the terminal device side, to ensure that the terminal device side can match the IP/port information with the original IP/port information Bind and parse and apply the corresponding data after receiving it.
  • the user plane function network element determining the first live media stream corresponding to the feature information of the first live media stream includes: the user plane function network element determining that the first activity feature information set includes the first live broadcast feature information of the media stream, the user plane function network element determines the first live media stream carrying the feature information of the first live media stream from the currently monitored live media stream, wherein the first activity feature information set includes the user plane function network element Characteristic information of the live media stream of at least one terminal device being served.
  • the user plane functional network element can monitor the media stream served, so that the media stream currently being accessed by the terminal device within the service scope of the current user plane functional network element can be identified. Therefore, the corresponding first live broadcast can be determined according to the feature information. media stream.
  • the user plane function network element determines that the first activity feature information set does not include the feature information of the first live media stream, then the user plane function network element sends a request message to the application server, where the request message includes the first live media stream.
  • the request message includes the first live media stream.
  • Feature information of a live media stream wherein the request message is used to request the live media stream sent to the terminal device to switch the first live media stream.
  • the application server may be an edge application server or a central application server, wherein the edge application server is closer to the terminal device than the central application server, and the edge application server may also be called a local application server, and the central application server is also called a local application server.
  • the application server can also be called a remote application server.
  • the user plane function network element when it is determined that the first live media stream does not currently exist, the user plane function network element sends the corresponding media request information to the application server in time to ensure that the application server completes the media switching response to the terminal device request.
  • the user plane function network element determines that the first activity feature information set does not include the feature information of the first live media stream, then the user plane function network element sends a response message to the terminal device through the access network device, The response message is used to notify the terminal device that the switching of the live media stream fails, so that the terminal device re-sends the switching request to the application server after receiving the response message.
  • the user plane function network element may send a response message to the terminal device in time when it is determined that the first live media stream does not currently exist, so as to avoid handover failure and long-term freeze of the terminal device.
  • the method before the user plane function network element receives the feature information of the first live media stream from the terminal device, the method further includes: the user plane function network element receives a live session creation completion message from the session management function network element and the first indication information, the user plane function network element monitors the characteristic information of the live media stream of at least one terminal device served by the user plane function network element according to the first indication information, and creates a first activity characteristic information set.
  • the user plane functional network element monitors the feature information of the live media stream, and creates a first set of active feature information to ensure subsequent media stream switching.
  • the user plane functional network element After the user plane functional network element detects that the terminal device is accessing the live service, it will send indication information to the session management network element, so that the session management network element can associate the user plane functional network element with the identity of the terminal device.
  • the information informs the application server, prompting the application server to obtain the first activity feature information set and send it to the terminal device.
  • the user plane function network element sends the first activity feature information set to the terminal device.
  • the user plane function network element can enable the application server to obtain the first activity feature information set in the above manner, so that the application server can send the first activity feature information set to the terminal device, so that the terminal device can view the first activity feature information set by checking the first A collection of activity feature information to determine the switching mode of the media stream.
  • the user plane function network element monitors the feature information of the live media streams of at least two terminal devices served by the user plane function network element are the same and are sent to the same access network device
  • the user plane function The network element deduplicates the live media stream; the user plane functional network element sends the deduplicated live media stream to the access network device; wherein, the feature information of different live media streams in the deduplicated live media stream is different from each other. same.
  • the user plane functional network element implements de-duplicated media stream transmission between the user plane functional network element and the access network device according to the first activity feature information set and the access network device corresponding to the media stream, and reduces the transmission rate. Network pressure, while effectively guaranteeing the user's media viewing experience.
  • the user plane function network element After the user plane function network element detects that the terminal device is accessing the live service, it will send the indication information and the address information of the terminal device to the session management function network element, so that the session management function network element can access the live service.
  • the indication information and the address information of the terminal equipment are sent to the access network equipment.
  • the address information may refer to at least one of IP and port information.
  • the network element with the session management function will send the IP/port information to the access network device, so that the access network device can send it to the terminal device side, so as to ensure that the terminal device side can associate the IP/port information with the access network device.
  • the original IP/port information is bound, and after receiving the corresponding data, its analysis and application are realized.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a media stream switching method, which is suitable for a session management function network element, and the method includes: when the session management function network element creates a live session of a terminal device, the session management function network element The initial feature information set is obtained from the policy management function network element, wherein the initial feature information set includes feature information of the live media stream corresponding to various media stream parameters. Then, after the session management function network element completes the creation of the live session, the session management function network element sends the first indication information to the user plane function network element, and sends the initial feature information set to the terminal device, where the first indication information is used to indicate monitoring.
  • the session management function network element may also send third indication information to the terminal device, and when the terminal device receives the third indication information, it sends feature information including the first live media stream according to the above method.
  • the distribution of the feature information about the live media stream is completed, so as to ensure the switching of the media stream.
  • the session management function network element after receiving the indication information from the user plane function network element, sends the identity information of the terminal device and the identity information of the user plane function network element to the application server, so as to facilitate the
  • the application server acquires the first activity feature information set, and sends the first activity feature information set to the terminal device.
  • the application server may be an edge application server or a central application server, wherein the edge application server is closer to the terminal device than the central application server, and the edge application server may also be called a local application server, and the central application server is also called a local application server.
  • the application server can also be called a remote application server.
  • the terminal device can use the received first activity feature information set to determine whether the requested media stream feature information exists in the first activity feature information set, and if the feature information corresponding to the requested media stream is not in the first Within the activity feature information set, the terminal device will request a live media stream corresponding to the feature information through the existing application layer interaction process; if the feature information corresponding to the requested media stream is within the first activity feature information set, the terminal device directly Send a live media stream request corresponding to the feature information to the user plane functional network element.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a media stream switching method, which is suitable for an application server, and the method includes: the application server determines the feature information of the live media stream corresponding to different streaming media parameters, and the application server sends to the terminal.
  • the initial feature information set, the initial feature information set includes feature information of the live media stream corresponding to various media stream parameters.
  • the application server may send the initial feature information set to the terminal device through an application layer message; in another possible manner, the application server may send the initial feature information set to the policy control function network
  • the session management function network element obtains the initial feature information set from the policy control function network element, and sends the initial feature information set to the terminal device through the user plane function network element or the access network device.
  • the application server completes the marking of the live media stream by notifying the policy control function network element of the feature information of the live media stream corresponding to different media stream parameters.
  • the application server when the application server monitors that the feature information of the live media streams of at least two terminal devices is the same according to the first activity feature information set, the application server de-duplicates the live media streams.
  • the application server sends the deduplicated live media stream to the user plane functional network element, wherein the feature information of different live media streams in the deduplicated live media stream is different from each other.
  • de-duplicated media stream transmission between the application server and the user plane functional network elements is implemented, the pressure on the backbone network and the transmission network is reduced, and the user's media viewing experience is effectively guaranteed.
  • the application server receives the user plane function network element and terminal device identification information from the session management network element, and determines the live broadcast accessed by the corresponding terminal device served by the corresponding user plane function network element according to the information. media stream information, and can determine the first activity feature information set at the user plane functional network element.
  • the application server acquires the first activity feature information set from the user plane functional network element, and the application server sends the first activity feature information set to the terminal device, because the first activity feature information set includes the user plane functional network element The set of feature information of the live media stream of at least one terminal device being served, so that the terminal device can determine the feature information of the first live media stream to be switched according to the first set of activity feature information.
  • the terminal device further receives a first activity feature information set from the application server, where the first activity feature information set includes a feature information set of a live media stream of at least one terminal device served by a user plane function network element.
  • the terminal device determines that the first activity feature information set includes the feature information of the first live media stream, it sends a handover request to the access network device; when the terminal device determines that the first activity feature information set does not include the feature of the first live media stream information, send a handover request to the application server.
  • the application server sends stream description information and media indication information to the policy control function network element, wherein the stream description information is used to describe the live media stream data characteristics corresponding to the live service, and the media indication information is used to indicate The core network performs corresponding optimization for the media service.
  • the application server may be an edge application server or a central application server, wherein the edge application server is closer to the terminal device than the central application server, and the edge application server may also be called a local application server, and the central application server is also called a local application server.
  • the application server can also be called a remote application server.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a media stream switching method, which is applicable to an edge application server, where the edge application server is a server closer to the terminal device than the central application server, and the method includes:
  • the edge application server receives the feature information of the first live media stream from the terminal device, the edge application server determines the first live media stream corresponding to the feature information of the first live media stream, and the edge application server sends the live media stream to the terminal device. Switch from the second live media stream to the first live media stream, wherein both the second live media stream and the first live media stream correspond to the edge application server.
  • the embodiment of this method helps to switch the media stream in time by placing the switching decision right on the edge application server and reduces the Media stream switching delay.
  • the edge application server determines the first address corresponding to the first live media stream information, and second address information corresponding to the second live media stream, the edge application server replaces the first address information in the data packet carrying the first live media stream with the second address information.
  • the terminal device side can use the original IP/port information to parse and apply the corresponding data.
  • the edge application server determining the first live media stream corresponding to the feature information of the first live media stream includes: the edge application server determining that the first activity feature information set includes the feature of the first live media stream information, the edge application server determines, from the currently monitored live media streams, a first live media stream that carries feature information of the first live media stream, wherein the first set of active feature information includes at least one terminal device serviced by the edge application server. Characteristic information of the live media stream.
  • the edge application server can monitor the media stream served, so as to identify the media stream currently being accessed by the terminal device within the service range of the edge application server, so the corresponding first live media stream can be determined according to the feature information.
  • the edge application server determines that the first activity feature information set does not include feature information of the first live media stream, then the edge application server sends a request message to the central application server, where the request message includes the first live media stream Feature information of the stream, wherein the request message is used to request the live media stream sent to the terminal device to switch the first live media stream.
  • the edge application server when it is determined that the first live media stream does not currently exist, the edge application server sends corresponding media request information to the central application server in time to ensure that the central application server completes the media switching response to the terminal device request.
  • the edge application server determines that the first activity feature information set does not include feature information of the first live media stream, then the edge application server sends a response message to the terminal device through the access network device, and the response message uses In order to notify the terminal device that the live media stream switching fails, in this way, after receiving the response message, the terminal device re-sends the switching request to the central application server.
  • the edge application server may send a response message to the terminal device in time when it is determined that the first live media stream does not currently exist, so as to avoid handover failure and the terminal device being stuck for a long time.
  • the present application provides a communication device, where the communication device may be an access network device or a chip provided inside the access network device.
  • the communication device has the function of implementing the first aspect.
  • the communication device includes modules or units or means (means) corresponding to the steps involved in executing the first aspect, and the functions, units or means may be implemented by software. , or implemented by hardware, or by executing corresponding software by hardware.
  • the communication device includes a processing unit and a communication unit, wherein the communication unit can be used to send and receive signals to implement communication between the communication device and other devices, for example, the communication unit is used to receive data from The handover request of the terminal device; the processing unit can be used to perform some internal operations of the communication device.
  • the functions performed by the processing unit and the communication unit may correspond to the steps involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects.
  • the communication device includes a processor, and may also include a transceiver, where the transceiver is used for transmitting and receiving signals, and the processor executes program instructions to implement any possible design or design in the first aspect above or method in the implementation.
  • the communication device may further comprise one or more memories, the memories being coupled to the processor.
  • the one or more memories may be integrated with the processor, or may be provided separately from the processor, which is not limited in this application.
  • the memory may hold the necessary computer programs or instructions to implement the functions referred to in the first aspect above.
  • the processor can execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, make the communication apparatus implement any possible designs or implementations involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects. Methods.
  • the communication device includes a processor and a memory
  • the memory can store necessary computer programs or instructions for implementing the functions involved in the first aspect above.
  • the processor can execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, make the communication apparatus implement any possible designs or implementations involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects. Methods.
  • the communication device includes at least one processor and an interface circuit, wherein the at least one processor is configured to communicate with other devices through the interface circuit, and execute any possible design or implementation of the first aspect above A method performed by an access network device in the mode.
  • the present application provides a communication device, where the communication device may be a terminal device or a chip provided inside the terminal device.
  • the communication device has the function of implementing the second aspect.
  • the communication device includes modules or units or means (means) corresponding to the steps involved in executing the second aspect, and the functions or units or means may be implemented by software. , or implemented by hardware, or by executing corresponding software by hardware.
  • the communication device includes a processing unit and a communication unit, wherein the communication unit can be used to send and receive signals to implement communication between the communication device and other devices, for example, the communication unit is used to receive data from The first live media stream sent by the access network; the processing unit may be used to perform some internal operations of the communication device.
  • the functions performed by the processing unit and the communication unit may correspond to the steps involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects.
  • the communication device includes a processor, and may also include a transceiver, where the transceiver is used for transmitting and receiving signals, and the processor executes program instructions to implement any possible design or design in the second aspect above or method in the implementation.
  • the communication device may further comprise one or more memories, the memories being coupled to the processor.
  • the one or more memories may be integrated with the processor, or may be provided separately from the processor, which is not limited in this application.
  • the memory may hold the necessary computer programs or instructions to implement the functions referred to in the second aspect above.
  • the processor can execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, make the communication apparatus implement any possible designs or implementations involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects. Methods.
  • the communication device includes a processor and a memory
  • the memory can store necessary computer programs or instructions for implementing the functions involved in the second aspect above.
  • the processor can execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, make the communication apparatus implement any possible designs or implementations involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects. Methods.
  • the communication device includes at least one processor and an interface circuit, wherein the at least one processor is configured to communicate with other devices through the interface circuit, and execute any possible design or implementation of the second aspect above A method executed by a terminal device in the mode.
  • the present application provides a communication device, where the communication device may be a user plane function network element or a chip arranged inside the user plane function network element.
  • the communication device has the function of implementing the third aspect.
  • the communication device includes modules or units or means (means) corresponding to the steps involved in the execution of the third aspect, and the functions or units or means may be implemented by software. , or implemented by hardware, or by executing corresponding software by hardware.
  • the communication device includes a processing unit and a communication unit, wherein the communication unit can be used to send and receive signals to implement communication between the communication device and other devices, for example, the communication unit is used to receive data from The handover request sent by the terminal device; the processing unit can be used to perform some internal operations of the communication device.
  • the functions performed by the processing unit and the communication unit may correspond to the steps involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects.
  • the communication device includes a processor, and may also include a transceiver, where the transceiver is used for transmitting and receiving signals, and the processor executes program instructions to complete any possible design or design in the third aspect above or method in the implementation.
  • the communication device may further comprise one or more memories, the memories being coupled to the processor.
  • the one or more memories may be integrated with the processor, or may be provided separately from the processor, which is not limited in this application.
  • the memory may hold the necessary computer programs or instructions to implement the functions referred to in the third aspect above.
  • the processor can execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, make the communication apparatus implement any possible designs or implementations involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects. Methods.
  • the communication device includes a processor and a memory
  • the memory can store necessary computer programs or instructions for implementing the functions involved in the third aspect above.
  • the processor can execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, make the communication apparatus implement any possible designs or implementations involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects. Methods.
  • the communication device includes at least one processor and an interface circuit, wherein the at least one processor is configured to communicate with other devices through the interface circuit, and execute any possible design or implementation of the third aspect above The method performed by the user plane functional network element in the mode.
  • the present application provides a communication device, where the communication device may be a session management function network element or a chip set inside the session management function network element.
  • the communication device has the function of implementing the fourth aspect.
  • the communication device includes modules or units or means corresponding to the steps involved in the fourth aspect, and the functions, units or means may be implemented by software. , or implemented by hardware, or by executing corresponding software by hardware.
  • the communication device includes a processing unit and a communication unit, wherein the communication unit can be used to send and receive signals to implement communication between the communication device and other devices, for example, the communication unit is used to receive data from A session creation request sent by the terminal device; the processing unit can be used to perform some internal operations of the communication device.
  • the functions performed by the processing unit and the communication unit may correspond to the steps involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects.
  • the communication device includes a processor, and may also include a transceiver, where the transceiver is used to send and receive signals, and the processor executes program instructions to complete any possible design or design in the fourth aspect above or method in the implementation.
  • the communication device may further comprise one or more memories, the memories being coupled to the processor.
  • the one or more memories may be integrated with the processor, or may be provided separately from the processor, which is not limited in this application.
  • the memory may store necessary computer programs or instructions to implement the functions referred to in the fourth aspect above.
  • the processor can execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, make the communication apparatus implement any possible designs or implementations involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects. Methods.
  • the communication device includes a processor and a memory
  • the memory can store necessary computer programs or instructions for implementing the functions involved in the fourth aspect above.
  • the processor can execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, make the communication apparatus implement any possible designs or implementations involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects. Methods.
  • the communication device includes at least one processor and an interface circuit, wherein the at least one processor is configured to communicate with other devices through the interface circuit, and execute any possible design or implementation of the fourth aspect above The method performed by the session management function network element in the method.
  • the present application provides a communication device, where the communication device may be an application server or a chip provided inside the application server.
  • the communication device has the function of implementing the fifth aspect.
  • the communication device includes modules or units or means corresponding to the steps involved in the fifth aspect, and the functions, units or means can be implemented by software. , or implemented by hardware, or by executing corresponding software by hardware.
  • the communication device includes a processing unit and a communication unit, wherein the communication unit can be used to send and receive signals to implement communication between the communication device and other devices, for example, the communication unit is used to receive data from A session creation request sent by the application server; the processing unit may be used to perform some internal operations of the communication device.
  • the functions performed by the processing unit and the communication unit may correspond to the steps involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects.
  • the communication apparatus includes a processor, and may also include a transceiver, where the transceiver is used for transmitting and receiving signals, and the processor executes program instructions to complete any possible design or design in the fifth aspect above or method in the implementation.
  • the communication device may further comprise one or more memories, the memories being coupled to the processor.
  • the one or more memories may be integrated with the processor, or may be provided separately from the processor, which is not limited in this application.
  • the memory may store necessary computer programs or instructions to implement the functions referred to in the fifth aspect above.
  • the processor can execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, make the communication apparatus implement any possible designs or implementations involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects. Methods.
  • the communication device includes a processor and a memory
  • the memory can store necessary computer programs or instructions for implementing the functions involved in the fifth aspect.
  • the processor can execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, make the communication apparatus implement any possible designs or implementations involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects. Methods.
  • the communication device includes at least one processor and an interface circuit, wherein the at least one processor is configured to communicate with other devices through the interface circuit, and execute any possible design or implementation of the fifth aspect above The method executed by the application server in the mode.
  • the present application provides a communication device, where the communication device may be an edge application server or a chip provided inside the edge application server.
  • the communication device has the function of implementing the sixth aspect.
  • the communication device includes modules or units or means (means) corresponding to the steps involved in executing the sixth aspect, and the functions or units or means may be implemented by software. , or implemented by hardware, or by executing corresponding software by hardware.
  • the communication device includes a processing unit and a communication unit, wherein the communication unit can be used to send and receive signals to implement communication between the communication device and other devices, for example, the communication unit is used to receive data from A session creation request sent by the edge application server; the processing unit may be used to perform some internal operations of the communication device.
  • the functions performed by the processing unit and the communication unit may correspond to the steps involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects.
  • the communication apparatus includes a processor, and may also include a transceiver, where the transceiver is used for transmitting and receiving signals, and the processor executes program instructions to complete any possible design or design in the sixth aspect above or method in the implementation.
  • the communication device may further comprise one or more memories, the memories being coupled to the processor.
  • the one or more memories may be integrated with the processor, or may be provided separately from the processor, which is not limited in this application.
  • the memory may store necessary computer programs or instructions to implement the functions referred to in the sixth aspect above.
  • the processor can execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, make the communication apparatus implement any possible designs or implementations involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects. Methods.
  • the communication device includes a processor and a memory
  • the memory can store necessary computer programs or instructions for implementing the functions involved in the sixth aspect.
  • the processor can execute the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, and when the computer programs or instructions are executed, make the communication apparatus implement any possible designs or implementations involved in the access network equipment in the above aspects. Methods.
  • the communication device includes at least one processor and an interface circuit, wherein the at least one processor is configured to communicate with other devices through the interface circuit, and execute any possible design or implementation of the sixth aspect above The method executed by the edge application server in the mode.
  • the present application provides a system, including the access network equipment, the user plane function network element, the application server, the session management function network element and the terminal equipment in the foregoing method embodiments or apparatus embodiments.
  • the system further includes a unified data management function network element and a policy control function network element.
  • the present application provides a system, including the access network equipment, edge application server, central application server, session management function network element and terminal equipment in the foregoing method embodiments or apparatus embodiments.
  • the system further includes a unified data management function network element and a policy control function network element.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where computer-readable instructions are stored in the computer storage medium, and when the computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer enables the computer to perform the above aspects. method in any possible design.
  • the present application provides a computer program product, which, when the computer reads and executes the computer program product, causes the computer to execute the method in any possible design of the above aspects.
  • the present application provides a chip, the chip includes a processor, the processor is coupled to a memory, and is configured to read and execute a software program stored in the memory, so as to implement any one of the above aspects method in a possible design.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2A provides a schematic diagram of a network live broadcast system according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2B provides a schematic diagram of a network architecture corresponding to a current network live broadcast system according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a session establishment method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 4A is a schematic diagram of a data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 4B is a schematic diagram of a media stream switching scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a method for switching a media stream provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 6A is a schematic diagram of a method for switching live media streams according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 6B is a schematic diagram of a media stream switching scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a method for switching live media streams according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • At least one refers to one or more, and "a plurality” refers to two or more.
  • “And/or” and “or/and” describe the relationship between associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone , where A and B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the associated objects are an “or” relationship.
  • At least one (item) of the following” or its similar expression refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single item (item) or plural item (item).
  • At least one (a) of a, b or c may represent: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a, b and c, where a, b, c Each can be an element itself, or a collection containing one or more elements.
  • transmission can include sending and/or receiving, and can be a noun or a verb.
  • the "network element” involved in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as "equipment”, which is not limited.
  • the network element may be hardware, software divided by function, or a combination of the above two structures.
  • the network elements may include core network network elements, access network network elements (or referred to as access network equipment), and the like. Core network elements, such as session management network elements, user plane network elements, etc.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a media stream switching method, in which the access network device timely determines and the feature information according to the feature information of the live media stream in the switching request sent by the terminal device.
  • the corresponding live media stream is distributed, and the live media stream corresponding to the feature information is distributed to the terminal device, thereby reducing the media stream switching delay.
  • the access network device receives the handover request, if there is a live media stream corresponding to the feature information, it does not need to obtain the live media stream from the application server through the core network element, so the media can be reduced. Stream switching delay.
  • the switched media stream can adapt to changes in network conditions, so users can watch videos with clearer picture quality on the terminal in real time when the network conditions are good. Smaller streaming media data, thus helping users to reduce the possibility of video freezes when the terminal is watching videos in real time, thereby helping to improve user verification.
  • a media stream may be understood as a video stream in this embodiment of the present application, and the video stream may include one or more video frames.
  • the media stream parameter in this embodiment of the present application may be used to indicate the definition or the field of view of the video frame quality.
  • the media stream parameter may be a viewing angle, a bit rate, a resolution and/or a frame rate.
  • the size of the bit rate depends on the resolution and frame rate.
  • code rate frame rate*size of a video frame, where the size of a video frame depends on the resolution of the video frame and the media encoding technology. Therefore, there is usually a corresponding relationship between code rate, frame rate and resolution.
  • the media stream parameters as an example of the bit rate, after the bit rate adaptive network adjustment, the frame rate and resolution will also be adjusted accordingly.
  • the higher the bit rate the clearer the video quality. For example, a video with a bit rate of 10Mbps is clearer than a video with a bit rate of 5Mbps.
  • the higher the bit rate the higher the demand for network bandwidth for the transmission of streaming media data. For example, the network bandwidth required for transmission of streaming media data with a bit rate of 10 Mbps is greater than the network bandwidth required for transmission of streaming media data with a bit rate of 5 Mbps.
  • the size of the media stream parameter is indicated by the media stream parameter identifier, that is, the media stream parameter identifiers of different sizes are different.
  • the media stream parameter identifier can also be called the bit rate identifier.
  • the media stream parameter identifier can also be called the bit rate identifier.
  • the media stream parameter identifier can also be called the bit rate identifier.
  • the media stream parameter is the frame rate
  • the media stream parameter identifier may also be called the frame rate identifier.
  • the media stream parameter as the resolution as an example. For example, the resolution of 360P is identified as 000, the resolution of 720P is identified as 001, and the resolution of 1080P is identified as 010.
  • the access network equipment is an access network network element
  • the mobility management network element, the session management network element, the user plane network element and the policy control network element are the core network network elements.
  • an access network device is used to provide a wireless communication function for a terminal, such as a radio access network (radio access network, RAN) network element and the like.
  • the mobility management network element is used to manage the mobility of the terminal, such as a mobility management entity (mobility management entity, MME), or an access and mobility management function (access and mobility management function, AMF) entity, etc.
  • a session management network element is used to control the establishment, modification and deletion of a packet data unit (PDU) session, such as a session management function (SMF) entity.
  • PDU packet data unit
  • SMF session management function
  • User plane network elements are responsible for connecting to external networks (such as data network (DN)), such as user plane function (UPF) entities.
  • DN data network
  • UPF user plane function
  • the policy control network element is used to be responsible for policy control, such as generating a quality of service (QoS) parameter set, such as a policy control function (PCF) entity.
  • QoS quality of service
  • PCF policy control function
  • a terminal may also be referred to as a terminal device, user equipment (user equipment), a mobile terminal, a media client, etc., which is not limited
  • the application server may also be referred to as a media streaming server, etc.
  • the application server can be an edge application server or a central application server, wherein the edge application server is closer to the terminal device than the central application server, and the edge application server can also be called a local application server, and a central application server. Also known as a remote application server.
  • the embodiments of the present application are described below by taking the UE and the application server as examples.
  • the network architecture is the 5th generation mobile communication technology (5G) network architecture.
  • the network architecture includes a radio access network (RAN), an AMF network element, an SMF network element, a UPF network element, a PCF network element, and a DN.
  • the network architecture further includes a unified data management function (unified data management, UDM) entity, an authentication server function (authentication server function, AUSF) entity, an application function (application function, AF) entity, and a network open function (network exposure function, NEF) entity and network data analysis function (network data analytics function, NWDAF) entity and so on.
  • unified data management function unified data management, UDM
  • authentication server function authentication server function
  • AF application function
  • NEF network exposure function
  • NWDAF network data analysis function
  • the main function of the RAN (also referred to as an access network (AN)) is to control the UE to access the mobile communication network through wireless.
  • RAN is a part of a mobile communication system. It implements a wireless access technology.
  • the RAN controls the UEW to access the mobile communication network through the RAN network element, and is located between the UE and the network element of the core network.
  • RAN network elements can also be called access network equipment, including but not limited to: 5G (g nodeB, gNB), evolved node B (evolved node B, eNB), radio network controller (radio network controller, RNC) ), node B (node B, NB), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (base transceiver station, BTS), home base station (for example, home evolved nodeB, or home node B, HNB), Baseband unit (BBU), transmission point (transmitting and receiving point, TRP), transmitting point (TP), mobile switching center, etc.
  • RAN equipment can also include wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, wifi) ) access point (access point, AP), etc.
  • the AMF network element is responsible for UE access management and mobility management, including management of user registration, reachability detection, selection of SMF network elements, and mobility state transition management.
  • the SMF network element is mainly responsible for controlling the establishment, modification and deletion of PDU sessions, and the selection of UPF network elements.
  • UPF network elements are mainly responsible for data packet routing and forwarding, mobility anchors, uplink classifiers to support routing traffic flows to the data network, branch points to support multi-homed PDU sessions, and so on.
  • the PCF network element is the policy decision point, and is mainly responsible for providing rules based on service data flow and application detection, gate control, QoS and flow-based charging control.
  • the UDM entity is mainly responsible for storing user subscription data.
  • the AUSF entity is mainly used to provide authentication services.
  • the AF entity is mainly used to interact with the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) core network to provide services, and to affect service flow routing, access network capability opening, and policy control.
  • 3GPP 3rd generation partnership project
  • NEF entities are mainly used to securely open services and capabilities provided by 3GPP network functions, such as third parties, edge computing, AF, etc.
  • the DN provides network services for the UE, such as operator services, Internet access, or third-party services.
  • NWDAF entities are mainly used to provide network data collection and analysis functions based on technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence.
  • the "entity" in each functional entity is removed.
  • the AMF network element is abbreviated as AMF
  • the UPF network element is abbreviated as UPF.
  • Other entities are similar and will not be listed one by one.
  • the communication between any two network elements can adopt a service-oriented communication mode, such as the interface Nnef used for communication between NEF and AUSF
  • a service-oriented communication mode such as the interface Nnef used for communication between NEF and AUSF
  • Both Nnwdaf, Nnrf, Npcf, Nudm, Naf, Namf, and Nsmf are service-oriented interfaces.
  • AMF and UE can communicate through N1 interface
  • AMF and RAN network element can communicate through N2 interface
  • RAN network element and UPF can communicate through N3 interface
  • SMF and UPF can communicate through N4 interface
  • UE and RAN network element can communicate with each other through N4 interface.
  • UPF and DN can communicate through N6 interface
  • UPF can communicate through N9 interface.
  • the service-oriented interface between each network element in FIG. 1 may also be replaced by a point-to-point interface.
  • the network elements related to the present application are mainly: RAN network element, AMF network element, SMF network element, UPF network element and PCF network element.
  • the UE in this embodiment of the present application is a device with a wireless transceiver function, which can be deployed on land, including indoor or outdoor, handheld or vehicle-mounted; it can also be deployed on water (such as a ship, etc.); it can also be deployed In the air (eg in airplanes, balloons, satellites, etc.).
  • the UE may be a mobile phone (mobile phone), a tablet computer (pad), a smart screen, a computer with a wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal, an augmented reality (AR) terminal, an industrial control ( Wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical, wireless terminals in smart grid, wireless terminals in transportation safety Wireless terminals, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, etc.
  • a mobile phone mobile phone
  • a tablet computer pad
  • a smart screen a computer with a wireless transceiver function
  • VR virtual reality
  • AR augmented reality
  • an industrial control Wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical, wireless terminals in smart grid, wireless terminals in transportation safety Wireless terminals, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is only an example of a network architecture applicable to the embodiments of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation to the embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application may also be applied to other network architectures, for example, future mobile communication network architectures (eg, 6G network architectures).
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a live webcast system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Live webcast is an emerging social networking method, which is a social networking method in which multiple users can watch or listen to the same live broadcast content through the network at the same time. .
  • the emerging network social networking mode of webcasting has the following characteristics: the user can perform operations on the terminal, the terminal can send a webcasting request to the server, and the server creates a livestreaming room for the user.
  • the livestreaming room is a kind of Provides an online virtual room that provides live broadcast of audio and video in a barrage style, then the user is the initiator of the live broadcast room, that is, the anchor, and the anchor can display audio and video content such as singing, games, movies, TV series, etc. in the live broadcast room.
  • Other users who are viewers can also enter the live broadcast room through other terminals, watch or listen to the content displayed by the host in the live broadcast room, and can also interact with the host, for example, like, give gifts to the host, follow or share The anchor, chat with the anchor, etc.
  • the network live broadcast system may include multiple terminals and a content distribution network, wherein the multiple terminals may include the terminal where the host is located and the terminals where n viewers are located.
  • the content distribution network is used to provide audio and video services for the plurality of terminals.
  • the terminal where the host is located can collect the audio and video data during the live broadcast of the host, and obtain the live media stream based on the audio and video data, so as to send the live media stream to the content distribution network, and the content distribution network will forward the live media stream to
  • the terminal where the n viewers are located can decode and play the live media stream, so that the viewer can watch the live broadcast content of the host.
  • the terminal where the anchor is located can perform live broadcast through the live broadcast application client on the terminal, or through the portal website.
  • the terminals where the n viewers are located can also obtain live media through the live broadcast application or portal website. stream, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
  • the network live broadcast system may further include a message relay and distribution server, which does not distinguish whether the terminal is the terminal where the audience is located or the terminal where the anchor is located, and the message relay and distribution server can broadcast the message sent by any terminal. to other terminals, so that all terminals in the live broadcast room can see the message.
  • the message is usually interactive content between the viewer and the host, which is not described here in this embodiment of the present invention.
  • live broadcast scenarios used in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to network live broadcasts, but are also applicable to live broadcasts of sports games, live broadcasts of major news events, and the like, which will not be described one by one here.
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a network architecture corresponding to the current network live broadcast system.
  • the network architecture includes a radio access network (RAN), an AMF network element, an SMF network element, and a UPF network element as shown in FIG. 1 . , PCF network element, DN, etc.
  • RAN radio access network
  • AMF Access Management Function
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • each UE establishes a data transmission channel with the application server of the live media stream independently, and independently requests and transmits the live media stream data.
  • six UEs respectively establish six data transmission channels with the application server of the live media stream, wherein the data transmission channels corresponding to UE1 and UE6 transmit the same
  • the data transmission channel corresponding to UE2 and UE3 transmits the same live media stream; the data transmission channel corresponding to UE4 and UE5 transmits the same live media stream.
  • the UE switches the field of view or code rate, it needs to request the application server side for the live media stream of the switched field of view or code rate. After the application server receives the request, Send the switched live media stream to the UE.
  • the media stream switching delay is too large, and the live video is stuck, which seriously affects the user's experience of watching the live broadcast in real time.
  • an access network element or a user plane network element can switch multiple live media streams from currently transmitted live media streams according to the feature information of the live media streams from terminal equipment
  • the corresponding live media stream is determined in the stream, so that the copied live media stream is distributed to the terminal device, so as to realize the timely switching of the media stream and improve the switching delay of the media stream.
  • the live media stream between the access network elements is de-duplicated, reducing the transmission pressure between the core network element and the access network element, and improving the utilization of resources.
  • the media stream parameter is mainly used as the field of view as an example.
  • the media stream parameter is other parameters such as bit rate, resolution or frame rate, the session establishment method, data transmission method, and media stream switching method can be found in the media.
  • This embodiment is a session establishment process corresponding to the live broadcast service, and the process aims to complete the delivery of the feature information of the live media stream during the session establishment process.
  • a method for establishing a session specifically includes the following steps.
  • Step 301 The application server identifies feature information for the live media stream, and sends an initial feature information set to the PCF.
  • the initial feature information set includes feature information corresponding to each live media stream.
  • the application server will encapsulate feature information in different live media stream data packets, and generally, the feature information is encapsulated in the IP layer of the live media stream data packets.
  • the feature information may be a specific media stream parameter value or an index value.
  • the feature information of the live media stream may be a media stream parameter value.
  • the feature information identified by the application server for the panoramic live media stream may be the value of the angle of view.
  • the feature information encapsulated in the live media stream data packet with a 0-degree field of view by the application server is 0 degrees
  • the feature information encapsulated in the live media stream data packet with a 90-degree field of view by the application server is 90 degrees
  • the feature information encapsulated in the live media stream data package with a 360-degree field of view is 360 degrees, and so on.
  • the application server can encapsulate the corresponding field of view in the live media stream data package corresponding to (0 degrees, 360 degrees). angle value.
  • the initial set of feature information may be a list of field angles including 0 degrees to 180 degrees.
  • the feature information of the live media stream may be an index value uniquely corresponding to each live media stream.
  • the feature information identified by the application server for the panoramic live media stream may be an index value.
  • the index value encapsulated by the application server in the live media stream data packet with a 0-degree field of view is 0X00
  • the index value encapsulated in the live media stream data packet with a 90-degree field of view by the application server is 0X5A
  • the application server in 360 The index value encapsulated in the live media stream data packet with a field of view angle of 0168 is 0168, and so on.
  • the application server may encapsulate the corresponding index value in the live media stream data packet corresponding to (0 degrees, 360 degrees).
  • the initial feature information set may be an index value list (index list in English) including 0X00 to 0168.
  • the live media stream with the media stream parameter as the bit rate as an example, assuming that the bit rates supported by the application server are 10Mbps, 5Mbps and 2Mbps respectively, the application server is the live media stream with the bit rate of 10Mbps and the live media stream with the bit rate of 5Mbps. and the live media streams with a bit rate of 2Mbps are numbered separately.
  • the index value encapsulated by the application server in a live media stream data packet with a bit rate of 10 Mbps is 000
  • the index value of the application server in a live media stream data packet with a bit rate of 5 Mbps is 001.
  • the index value encapsulated in the 2Mbps live media stream data packet is 010, etc.
  • the initial feature information set may be a list of index values including 000, 001, and 010.
  • the application server may also send media indication information and stream description information to the PCF through an application request (AF Request) message.
  • the media indication information is used to instruct the core network to perform corresponding optimization for the media service.
  • the stream description information is used to describe the data characteristics of the live media stream corresponding to the live broadcast service.
  • the live media stream data characteristics can be the IP triplet information (target IP address, target port, and transport layer protocol) of the live media stream on the AS side.
  • the UPF can determine whether the service is a live media service by checking the header information in the data.
  • the application server may send the initial set of feature information to the PCF through the AF.
  • the AF receives the initial feature information set from the application server, it can send the initial feature information set to the NEF through the Nnef_AFsessionWithQoS_Create service, and the NEF sends it to the PCF through the Npcf_PolicyAuthorization_Create service after authentication.
  • Step 302 UE1 sends a session establishment request message to the SMF network element.
  • the session establishment request message is a NAS message.
  • the session establishment request message may be a PDU session establishment request or a PDU session modification request message.
  • Step 303 after receiving the session establishment request message, the SMF network element obtains the initial feature information set from the PCF.
  • the SMF network element initiates a request to the PCF, and after receiving the request, the PCF sends the initial feature information set to the SMF by carrying the initial feature information set in Npcf_SMPolicyControl_Update/Create.
  • the PCF can also send the initial feature information set to the SMF by carrying the newly defined information.
  • the SMF network element may also acquire media indication information and data flow rules from the PCF.
  • Step 304 the SMF network element sends the first indication information to the UPF network element.
  • the first indication information may be carried in the N4 session establishment message. That is to say, after the SMF network element completes the establishment of the session management policy association with the PCF, it sends to the UPF a session establishment request carrying the first indication information on N4, where the first indication information is used to instruct the UPF to monitor the downlink of the terminal device. Live media streaming.
  • the SMF network element may also send a packet detection rule (PDR) to the UPF, where the PDR can monitor whether the current service is a corresponding live service, and can monitor the identification information in the downstream media stream at the same time .
  • PDR packet detection rule
  • Step 305 the SMF network element further sends the second indication information to the RAN, and sends the third indication information to the UE1.
  • the second indication information is used to instruct the RAN to monitor the downlink live media stream of the terminal device.
  • the third indication information is used to instruct media stream request and reception according to the initial feature information set and subsequent RAN side instructions.
  • the SMF network element may also send the initial feature information set to UE1.
  • the SMF network element may send the second indication information (Indicator2) to the RAN side through the Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer service message, and send the third indication information (Indicator3) and the initial feature information set to the RAN and UE sides.
  • Step 306 after the session is created, the UPF monitors the downlink live media stream sent to UE1 according to the first indication information, obtains the feature information in the data packet of the downlink live media stream, and saves the feature information to the first activity
  • the specific feature information may be included in the IP/transmission/application layer header of the data packet, which is not limited.
  • the UPF monitors and obtains that the feature information in the downlink live media stream data packet sent to the UE1 is 90 degrees, so the 90 degrees are stored in the first activity feature information set.
  • the UPF monitors and obtains that the feature information in the downlink live media stream data packet sent to the UE1 is 001, so 001 is stored in the first activity feature information set.
  • Step 307 the UPF further encapsulates the feature information at the GTP layer (specifically refers to the GTP-U layer) of the live media stream data packet.
  • the UPF will encapsulate the feature information "90 degrees" into the GTP layer of the 90-degree live media stream data packet in the N3 link.
  • Step 308 After receiving the second indication information from the SMF network element, the RAN monitors the GTP layer of the downlink live media stream data packet from the UPF, obtains the feature information in the downlink live media stream, and saves the feature information to the in the second activity feature information set.
  • the RAN monitors and obtains that the feature information in the downstream live media stream data packet is 90 degrees, so the 90 degrees are stored in the second activity feature information set.
  • the RAN monitors and obtains that the feature information in the downlink live media stream data packet is 001, so 001 is stored in the second activity feature information set.
  • the RAN may also create a mapping relationship between the feature information and the UE1, for example, the RAN creates a mapping relationship between the feature information "90 degrees" and the UE1. In this way, when multiple UEs access the RAN, the RAN can determine the live media stream corresponding to each UE served by the RAN.
  • the RAN may also acquire the QFI and first address information corresponding to the UE1 from the SMF network element.
  • the QFI is used to indicate the downlink live media stream sent to the UE1, and the first address information may include an IP address and/or a port number (port range).
  • the RAN may receive the N2SM message from the SMF network element, and obtain the QFI and the first address information from the N2SM message.
  • the RAN can establish a mapping relationship between UE1 and the first address information.
  • Step 309 UE1 receives the third indication information from the SMF network element, and saves the third indication information.
  • the third indication information is used to instruct to perform media stream request and reception according to the initial feature information set and the subsequent RAN side indication.
  • UE1 may also receive the initial feature information set from the SMF network element.
  • the above method may further include step 310, and the UE1 may also acquire the initial feature information set through application layer interaction with the application server.
  • UE1 to UE6 can establish a session corresponding to itself according to the methods shown in the above steps 301 to 309 . If UE1 to UE6 are in the same live room, it is likely that UE1 to UE6 all access the same RAN and UPF network element, or UE1 to UE6 all access the same UPF network element. Assuming that UE1 to UE6 all access the same RAN and UPF network element, the UPF network element will monitor the 6 downlink live media streams sent to the 6 UEs respectively.
  • the first activity feature information set stored by the UPF network element is included in the The feature information of the 6 downstream live media streams will be included, and the second activity feature information set stored by the RAN will also include the feature information of the 6 downstream live media streams.
  • the RAN may also send the second activity feature information set including the feature information of the six downlink live media streams to the UE1 to UE6 within the service range of the RAN, so that the UE1 to UE6 need to switch the live media stream when it is determined.
  • the feature information corresponding to the live media stream requested to be switched is searched from the second activity feature information set.
  • the first activity feature information set stored by the UPF network element includes 001, 002, and 003. Because UE1 to UE6 also access the same RAN, the second activity feature information set stored by the RAN also includes 001, 002, and 003.
  • the second activity feature information set saved by RAN1 also includes 002, 003, 001 is also included in the second activity feature information set saved by RAN1.
  • the above-mentioned first activity feature information set and second feature information set are not fixed, but are updated in real time.
  • the feature information of the downlink live media stream transmitted by the newly created PDU session is 004, the first activity feature information set includes 001, 002 , 003 and 004.
  • the PDU session corresponding to UE1 and the PDU session corresponding to UE6 will be released, so the first activity feature information set includes 002 and 003.
  • the RAN can establish the identity and address information of each UE according to the method shown in step 208 above. and the mapping relationship between the feature information of the live media stream. Exemplarily, the mapping relationship is shown in Table 1.
  • the SMF network element will send corresponding indication information to the UE/RAN/UPF when the session is created, so as to ensure that the UE/RAN/UPF can transmit data in the subsequent data transmission process.
  • Fast switching processing is performed on the characteristic information of the live media stream provided by the AF, so as to ensure the timely switching of the media stream.
  • the application server, the core network element and the access network element can identify the feature information in the live media stream and remove the AS to the UPF network element , and the repeated media stream between the UPF network element and the RAN, this method simultaneously realizes the repeated transmission of the live media stream between the AS and the RAN, reduces the transmission pressure between the core network element and the access network element, and improves resources utilization rate.
  • a data transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present application specifically includes the following steps.
  • Step 401 the UPF network element will send notification information to the SMF network element after monitoring that there is at least one UE accessing the live service according to the first indication information received from the SMF network element, and the notification information is used to notify the SMF network element of at least one UE.
  • the UPF network element detects that UE1 to UE6 access the live service, so the UPF network element sends notification information to the SMF network element through the N4 session reporting process, and the notification information is used to notify the SMF network element UE1.
  • the characteristic information to the live media stream being accessed by UE6 is 001, 002 and 003.
  • Step 402 the SMF network element forwards the notification information to the PCF side.
  • the SMF network element may manage the modification process through the session management policy, and send notification information to the PCF side, and the corresponding notification information may include UE identity information and corresponding UPF identity information.
  • Step 403 the PCF notifies the AF/AS side of the notification information.
  • the PCF can notify the AF/AS side of the notification information through the capability exposure information Npcf_EventExposure_Notify message, or notify the NEF of the notification information through the Npcf_EventExposure_Notify message, and then the NEF can notify the AF/AS side of the notification information through the Nnef-EventExposure_Notify message .
  • Step 404 the AF/AS side can determine the feature information set of the live media stream accessed by the terminal served by the UPF, and when determining the feature information set of the live media stream accessed by the terminal served by the UPF, When there is duplicate feature information, the AF/AS side will remove the duplicate downlink live media stream sent to the UPF network element.
  • Step 405 the AS/AF sends the deduplicated downlink live media stream to the UPF network element.
  • the UPF network element also determines whether the feature information of the live media streams arriving at the same RAN is duplicated according to the monitoring result, and when there is duplicate feature information, the UPF network element removes the duplicate downlink live media streams.
  • the UPF can distinguish whether it is the same RAN according to the downlink target IP address of the GTP tunnel.
  • Step 407 the UPF network element sends the deduplicated downlink live media stream to the RAN.
  • the UPF network element may also send the address information corresponding to the feature information of the live broadcast of each downstream live media stream after deduplication to the RAN.
  • the UPF network element can send the address information corresponding to each session to the SMF network element through the N4 session modification information, and then the SMF network element sends the address information to the RAN side through the N2SM message.
  • the UPF network element may encapsulate the address information of the live media stream into the GTP layer of the downstream live media stream data packet, and send the encapsulated downstream live media stream data to the RAN side.
  • Step 409 after receiving the live media stream, the RAN will send the corresponding live media stream to the served UE according to the mapping relationship between the identifiers of each UE, the address information and the feature information of the live media stream (as shown in Table 1). data and address information corresponding to the live media stream, so as to ensure that the UE can receive and parse these downlink live media stream data packets.
  • UE1 to UE6 are in the same live broadcast room. Assuming that UE1 to UE6 all access the same RAN and UPF network element, the UPF network element will monitor 6 downlink live media sent to 6 UEs respectively. Therefore, the UPF network element can obtain the characteristic information of 6 downlink live media streams, assuming that the characteristic information of the 6 downlink live media streams is shown in 1.
  • the UPF network element sends notification information to the SMF network element, where the notification information includes feature information of six downlink live media streams.
  • the SMF network element is then sent to the AF/AS through the PCF network element.
  • the AF/AS side determines, according to the received notification information, that UE1 and UE6 correspond to the downlink live media stream of the same content, and UE2 and UE3 correspond to the downlink live media stream of the same content.
  • UE4 and UE5 correspond to downlink live media streams of the same content. Therefore, AS/AF will remove the duplicate downstream live media streams, that is, only three QoS flows are transmitted between AS/AF and UPF network elements, which are: a downstream live media stream carrying feature information 001, A downlink live media stream carrying characteristic information 002 and a downlink live media stream carrying characteristic information 003 are shown in FIG. 4B .
  • the UPF network element sends the deduplicated downlink live media stream to the RAN, and also sends the address information corresponding to the live broadcast feature information of each downlink live media stream to the RAN.
  • the mapping relationship between the identification, address information and the feature information of the live media stream (as shown in Table 1), send the corresponding live media stream data and the address information corresponding to the live media stream to the UE1 to UE6 served, thereby ensuring that the UE can Receive and parse these downstream live media stream packets.
  • the UPF network element monitors and identifies the characteristic information of each live media stream, thereby determining the repeated media streams between the AS and the UPF network element, and between the UPF network element and the RAN. De-duplication transmission, thereby reducing the pressure on the backbone network and transmission network of live media streams.
  • the UPF will notify the RAN side of the address information corresponding to the downlink live media stream through the control plane or the user plane, and the RAN will notify the corresponding UE to ensure that the UE can still receive and parse the live media data normally after de-duplication transmission. .
  • This embodiment is the switching process of the live media stream.
  • the RAN can directly switch from the currently transmitted live media stream according to the feature information in the handover request of the UE.
  • the live media stream carrying the feature information is determined in the media stream, so that the live media stream is copied, and the copied live media stream is sent to the UE, thereby realizing fast switching of media streams.
  • a method for establishing a session specifically includes the following steps.
  • Step 501 the UE sends a handover request message to the RAN, where the handover request message includes feature information of the live media stream.
  • the UE may carry the feature information of the live media stream requested for switching in the RRC message or the PDCP layer extension of the uplink data and send it to the RAN side.
  • the characteristic information of the live media stream requested to be switched is a media stream parameter value, such as a viewing angle.
  • the UE before the UE executes step 501, the UE can obtain the current media stream parameter value, such as the field of view angle value, and carry the feature information corresponding to the media stream parameter value in the RRC message or the PDCP of the uplink data It is sent to the RAN side in the layer extension.
  • the UE is VR glasses
  • the VR glasses when the head of the user wearing the VR glasses rotates, the VR glasses can obtain the user's current field of view angle value, and send an RRC message carrying the current field of view angle value to RAN side.
  • the UE may search for feature information corresponding to the live media stream requested for switching from the initial feature information set.
  • the UE receives the second activity feature information set from the RAN network element in advance, then before the UE executes step 501, the UE can search from the second activity feature information set whether there is a live media that is switched with the request If the feature information corresponding to the stream exists, go to step 501; otherwise, request the switched live media stream to the application server through the application layer interaction process.
  • the feature information of the live media stream requested for switching is an index value, for example, the index value encapsulated in the live media stream data packet with a 0-degree field of view by the application server is 0X00
  • the first type If possible, if the UE receives the initial feature information set of the SMF network element in advance, before the UE performs step 501, the UE can first search for the feature information (such as 0X00 ). In the second possible case, the UE receives the second activity feature information set from the RAN network element in advance, then before the UE executes step 501, the UE can search from the second activity feature information set whether there is a live media that is switched with the request. If the feature information corresponding to the stream exists, go to step 501; otherwise, request the switched live media stream to the application server through the application layer interaction process.
  • the terminal when the UE supports the technology of dynamic adaptive network adjustment of streaming media parameters, the terminal will send the adjusted live media streaming parameters to the RAN according to the network state. For example, if the resolution of the streaming media data set by the user on the client of the live broadcast application is adaptive, the terminal dynamically adjusts the bit rate of the streaming media data according to the network status information such as the packet loss rate and network throughput of the streaming media data. , and then the UE sends the feature information corresponding to the adjusted bit rate of the streaming media data to the RAN.
  • the network status information such as the packet loss rate and network throughput of the streaming media data.
  • Step 502 After receiving the handover request from the UE, the RAN side determines whether the feature information exists in the second activity feature information set, and if so, copies the live media stream carrying the feature information.
  • Step 503 the RAN sends the copied live media stream to the UE.
  • the RAN can also determine the first address information (such as IP address and port number, etc.) corresponding to the feature information according to the mapping relationship between the feature information and the address information, and send the first address information to UE.
  • the first address information such as IP address and port number, etc.
  • the RAN will forward the live media data stream carrying the feature information to the QoS stream of the UE, and discard the media stream data with the original feature information sent to the QoS stream on the original interface.
  • the DRB corresponding to the QoS flow of the UE.
  • Step 504 the UE receives the live media stream data and the first address information from the RAN, and the UE establishes a binding relationship between the first address information and the originally used second address information, so as to use the binding relationship to Live media streams are parsed and applied.
  • the UE establishes a binding relationship between the received IP/port information and the original IP/port information, and after receiving the live media stream data packet, uses the binding relationship to parse the data packet, and converts the received IP/port
  • the media stream data in it is transmitted to the upper-layer application corresponding to the original IP/port.
  • Step 505 after receiving the handover request from the UE, the RAN side determines that the feature information does not exist in the second active feature information set, and the RAN sends a request response message to the UE, where the request response message is used to notify the UE of the handover failure.
  • the UE side does not receive the second active feature information set from the RAN, and the RAN does not find the feature information from the second active feature information set; or the RAN determines that there is currently no live media stream including the feature information, then The RAN sends a request response message to the UE,
  • Step 506 the UE will request the switched live media stream to the application server through the application layer interaction process.
  • the UE will request the live media stream from the application server through the existing application layer interaction process.
  • Step 507 after the RAN side receives the handover request from the UE, and determines that the feature information does not exist in the second active feature information set, the feature information in the handover request of the UE is carried in the uplink user plane data and sent to the UPF. network element.
  • the RAN may carry the feature information in the handover request of the UE in the GTP layer of the uplink data, and then send the uplink data to the UPF network element.
  • Step 508 after the UPF network element receives the uplink user plane data from the RAN side, the UPF will encapsulate the feature information in the IP/transmission/application layer of the user plane data (each layer is acceptable, no specific limitation is made), and then Send uplink user plane data to the application server side.
  • Step 509 After receiving the uplink user plane data carrying the feature information, the AS side adjusts the live media stream sent to the UE, and then sends the downlink live media stream carrying and corresponding feature information to the UE.
  • Step 510 After receiving the handover request from the UE, the RAN side determines that the feature information does not exist in the second active feature information set, and sends the N2SM message of the feature information in the handover request of the UE to the SMF network element.
  • Step 511 after receiving the N2SM message from the RAN side, the SMF network element will initiate a session management policy association modification process, and send the feature information of the UE's handover request to the PCF.
  • Step 512 the PCF sends the feature information of the UE handover request to the application server side through a capability opening message (for example, through the Npcf_EventExposure_Notify service).
  • Step 513 After receiving the control plane capability opening message, the application server side adjusts the QoS stream sent to the UE, and then sends the downlink live media stream carrying the feature information to the UE.
  • UE1 to UE6 are all VR glasses
  • 6 viewers are in a live broadcast room of a football match
  • the football match video played in the live broadcast room is a 360-degree panoramic VR video.
  • the field of view of UE1 changes, assuming that the first field of view changes to the second field of view, if UE1 saves the second set of activity feature information, then UE1 first Find the index value 002 corresponding to the live media stream of the second viewing angle from the initial feature information set, and then find out whether the index value 002 exists in the second activity feature information set.
  • the UE1 sends a handover request to the RAN, where the handover request includes an index value of 002, and the handover request is used to request the live media stream of the second viewing angle.
  • the RAN receives the handover request, the RAN first searches whether the index value 002 exists in the second activity feature information set. Assuming that 002 is included in the second activity feature information set, the RAN will copy the live media stream carrying the index value of 002, send the copied live media stream to UE1, and discard the live media sent to the UE1 on the original interface Stream packets. It can be seen that through this method, UE1 can obtain the downlink live media stream corresponding to the second field of view from the RAN in time, which effectively reduces the switching delay of the media stream.
  • the RAN because the UPF can monitor the live media streams of the terminals within the service range, the RAN also establishes a second activity feature information set for accessing the live media streams within its coverage, and the live media streams being accessed. and the mapping relationship between the corresponding address information of the media stream. Therefore, when the UE side requests to switch the live media stream, the RAN side can timely perform the live media stream according to the local mapping relationship and the feature information in the UE's switching request message. Switching and delivery ensures users' viewing experience of live media.
  • the embodiment of the present application is the switching process of the live media stream.
  • the UPF network element can directly according to the feature information in the switching request of the UE, from the current transmission
  • the live media stream carrying the feature information is determined from the live media stream of the device, so that the live media stream is copied, and the copied live media stream is sent to the UE, so as to realize fast switching of the media stream.
  • a method for switching live media streams specifically includes the following steps.
  • Step 601 the UE sends a handover request message to the RAN, where the handover request message includes feature information of the live media stream.
  • the UE may send the feature information of the live media stream requested for switching to the RAN side by carrying the feature information of the RRC message or the PDCP layer of the uplink data.
  • the characteristic information of the live media stream requested to be switched is a media stream parameter value, such as a viewing angle.
  • the UE can obtain the current media stream parameter value, such as the field of view angle value, and carry the media stream parameter value in the RRC message or the PDCP layer extension of the uplink data for sending to the RAN side.
  • the UE is VR glasses
  • the VR glasses can obtain the user's current field of view angle value, and send an RRC message carrying the current field of view angle value to RAN side.
  • the UE may search for feature information corresponding to the live media stream requested for switching from the initial feature information set.
  • the UE receives the second activity feature information set from the RAN network element or the application server in advance, then before the UE executes step 601, the UE can check whether there is a handover request from the second activity feature information set If the feature information corresponding to the live media stream is present, step 601 is performed; otherwise, the switched live media stream is requested from the application server through the application layer interaction process.
  • the UE1 may acquire the second activity feature information set from the application server through the following steps.
  • step a after monitoring that there is a live media stream corresponding to the UE, the UPF network element will send indication information to notify the SMF that there is a live media stream corresponding to the UE through the N4 session reporting process.
  • step b the SMF sends the notification information to the PCF side through the session management policy management modification process, and the notification information may include UPF identity information and UE identity information.
  • Step c the PCF notifies the AF/AS side of the indication information through the capability exposure information Npcf_EventExposure_Notify message, or the PCF notifies the NEF of the notification information through the Npcf_EventExposure_Notify message, and then the NEF notifies the AF/AS side of the notification information through the Nnef_EventExposure_Notify message.
  • Step d after the AS receives the notification information from the core network, it can learn the first activity feature information set under the corresponding UPF.
  • the AS may receive the first set of activity characteristic information from the UPF.
  • Step e the AS/AF sends the first activity feature information set to the UE side through application layer information.
  • the feature information of the live media stream requested for switching is an index value, for example, the index value encapsulated in the live media stream data packet with a 0-degree field of view by the application server is 0X00
  • the first type If possible, if the UE receives the initial feature information set of the SMF network element in advance, before the UE performs step 601, the UE can first search for the feature information (such as 0X00 ). In the second possible case, the UE receives the second activity feature information set from the RAN network element or the application server in advance, then before the UE executes step 601, the UE can check whether there is a handover request from the second activity feature information set. If the feature information corresponding to the live media stream is present, step 601 is performed; otherwise, the switched live media stream is requested from the application server through the application layer interaction process.
  • the terminal when the UE supports the technology of dynamic adaptive network adjustment of streaming media parameters, the terminal sends feature information corresponding to the adjusted live media streaming parameters to the RAN according to the network state. For example, if the resolution of the streaming media data set by the user on the client of the live broadcast application is adaptive, the terminal dynamically adjusts the bit rate of the streaming media data according to the network status information such as the packet loss rate and network throughput of the streaming media data. , and then the UE sends the feature information corresponding to the adjusted bit rate of the streaming media data to the RAN.
  • the network status information such as the packet loss rate and network throughput of the streaming media data.
  • Step 602 after receiving the handover request from the UE, the RAN side forwards the feature information in the handover request to the UPF network element.
  • the RAN receives the RRC message from the UE or extends bits in the PDCP layer of the uplink data packet, wherein the RRC message carries the feature information or the PDCP layer of the uplink data packet carries the feature information, and the RAN will encapsulate the feature information in the The GTP-U layer of the upstream data packet, and then sends the encapsulated upstream data packet to the UPF network element.
  • Step 603 After receiving the uplink data packet, the UPF determines whether the feature information after the uplink data packet is in the first active feature information set, and if so, copies the live media data stream carrying the feature information.
  • Step 604 the UPF forwards the copied live media data stream to the corresponding QoS stream of the corresponding UE, and discards the media stream data packets with original feature information of the QoS stream sent to the UE through the original N6 interface.
  • the UPF modifies the address information in the live media stream, that is, replaces the original second address information in the data packet of the first live media stream with the first address information, and then modifies the modified live media stream
  • the data packet is sent to the UE.
  • the UPF also modifies the original destination address information in the live media stream data packet to the address information of the UE to ensure that the UE can receive it correctly.
  • Step 605 after receiving the handover request from the UE, the UPF side determines that the feature information does not exist in the first active feature information set, and the UPF sends a request response message to the UE through the RAN, where the request response message is used to notify the UE of the handover failure.
  • the UPF does not find the feature information from the first activity feature information set; or the UPF determines that there is currently no live media stream including the feature information, then the UPF sends a request response message to the UE,
  • Step 606 the UE will request the switched live media stream to the application server through the application layer interaction process.
  • the UE will request the live media stream from the application server through the existing application layer interaction process.
  • Step 607 after the UPF receives the feature information and determines that the feature information does not exist in the first activity feature information set, the UPF will encapsulate the feature information into the IP/transmission/application layer of the uplink user plane data (not specifically limited). ), and the encapsulated uplink data is sent to the AF/AS side.
  • Step 608 After receiving the uplink user plane data carrying the feature information, the AF/AS side adjusts the live media data stream sent to the UE, and then sends the downlink live media stream carrying and corresponding feature information to the UE.
  • UE1 to UE6 are all VR glasses
  • 6 viewers are in a live broadcast room of a football match
  • the football match video played in the live broadcast room is a 360-degree panoramic VR video.
  • UE1 to UE2 access RAN1, UE2 to UE6 access RAN2, and UE1 to UE6 all access the same UPF network element, as shown in FIG. 6B .
  • the field of view of UE1 changes, assuming that the first field of view changes to the second field of view, if UE1 saves the second set of activity feature information, then UE1 First, find the index value 002 corresponding to the live media stream of the second field of view from the initial feature information set, UE1 sends a handover request to RAN1, the handover request includes the index value 002, and the handover request is used to request the second field of view angular live media stream. After receiving the handover request, RAN1 informs the UPF network element of the request through a GTP instruction, and the UPF network element adjusts the live media stream.
  • the UPF network element may first check whether the index value 002 exists in the first activity feature information set. Assuming that the first activity feature information set includes 002, the UPF will copy the live media stream carrying the index value of 002, modify the address information in the live media stream data packet, and send the modified live media stream to the RAN , which is forwarded by the RAN to UE1, and discards the live media stream data packets sent to the UE1 on the original interface. It can be seen that with this method, UE1 can receive and parse the downlink live media stream corresponding to the second field of view from the RAN side in time, which effectively reduces the switching delay of the media stream.
  • the UPF side will establish a mapping relationship between the user and the live media stream being accessed and the feature information.
  • the UE side initiates a live media stream switching request, it will be based on the feature information in the switching request. According to the mapping relationship, the media stream is switched and delivered, and the IP/port information is modified to realize the switching of the live media stream and effectively reduce the switching delay of the media stream.
  • the embodiment of the present application is the switching process of the live media stream.
  • the RAN can directly according to the feature information in the handover request of the UE, from the current transmission
  • the live media stream carrying the feature information is determined in the live media stream, so that the live media stream is copied, and the copied live media stream is sent to the UE, thereby realizing fast switching of the live media stream.
  • the RAN determines from the currently transmitted live media stream that there is no live media stream carrying the feature information according to the feature information in the handover request of the UE, the RAN can send the feature information to the UPF network element, and the UPF network element can then send the feature information to the UPF network element.
  • a method for switching live media streams specifically includes the following steps.
  • Step 701 The UE sends a handover request message to the RAN, where the handover request message includes feature information of the live media stream.
  • the UE may carry the feature information of the live media stream requested for switching in the RRC message or the PDCP layer extension of the uplink data and send it to the RAN side.
  • the specific content of the feature information of the live media stream and the process of how the UE determines the feature information of the live media stream before sending may refer to the above step 501, and details are not repeated here.
  • Step 702 After receiving the handover request from the UE, the RAN side determines whether the feature information exists in the second activity feature information set, and if so, copies the live media stream carrying the feature information.
  • Step 703 the RAN sends the copied live media stream to the UE.
  • the RAN can also determine the first address information (such as IP address and port number, etc.) corresponding to the feature information according to the mapping relationship between the feature information and the address information, and send the first address information to UE.
  • the first address information such as IP address and port number, etc.
  • the RAN forwards the live media data stream carrying the feature information to the QoS stream of the UE, and discards the data sent to the QoS stream on the original interface. Specifically, the data in the DRB corresponding to the QoS stream of the UE is discarded. .
  • Step 704 the UE receives the live media stream data and the first address information from the RAN, and the UE establishes a binding relationship between the first address information and the originally used second address information, so as to use the binding relationship to Live media streams are parsed and applied.
  • the UE establishes a binding relationship between the received IP/port information and the original IP/port information, and after receiving the live media stream data packet, uses the binding relationship to parse the data packet, and converts the received IP/port
  • the media stream data in it is transmitted to the upper-layer application corresponding to the original IP/port.
  • Step 705 after receiving the handover request from the UE, the RAN side determines that the feature information does not exist in the second active feature information set, and the RAN forwards the feature information in the handover request to the UPF network element.
  • the RAN receives an RRC message from the UE or an uplink data packet, wherein the RRC message carries the feature information or the PDCP layer extension of the uplink data packet carries the feature information, and the RAN encapsulates the feature information in the uplink data packet by encapsulating the feature information.
  • the GTP layer then sends the encapsulated upstream data packets to the UPF network element.
  • Step 706 after UPF receives the corresponding upstream data packet, according to the GTP layer feature information, whether the feature information is in the first activity feature information set, if so, then copy the live media data stream carrying the feature information.
  • Step 707 The UPF network element forwards the copied live media data stream to the QoS stream of the corresponding UE, and discards the media stream data packets with original feature information sent to the QoS stream of the UE through the original N6 interface.
  • the UPF modifies the address information in the live media stream, that is, replaces the original second address information in the data packet of the first live media stream with the first address information, and then modifies the modified live media stream
  • the data packet is sent to the UE.
  • the UPF also modifies the original destination address information in the live media stream data packet to the address information of the UE to ensure that the UE can receive it correctly.
  • Step 708 After receiving the handover request from the UE, the RAN side determines that the feature information does not exist in the second active feature information set, and the RAN forwards the feature information in the handover request to the UPF network element.
  • the RAN receives an RRC message from the UE or an uplink data packet, wherein the RRC message carries the feature information or the PDCP layer of the uplink data packet carries the feature information, and the RAN encapsulates the feature information in the GTP of the uplink data packet by encapsulating the feature information. layer, and then send the encapsulated upstream data packets to the UPF network element.
  • Step 709 After receiving the handover request from the UE, the UPF side determines that the feature information does not exist in the first active feature information set, and the UPF sends a request response message to the UE through the RAN, where the request response message is used to notify the UE of the handover failure.
  • the UPF does not find the feature information from the first activity feature information set; or the UPF determines that there is currently no live media stream including the feature information, then the UPF sends a request response message to the UE,
  • step 710 the UE requests the switched live media stream to the application server through the application layer interaction process.
  • the UE will request the live media stream from the application server through the existing application layer interaction process.
  • Step 711 after receiving the handover request from the UE, the RAN side determines that the feature information does not exist in the second active feature information set, and the RAN forwards the feature information in the handover request to the UPF network element.
  • the RAN receives an RRC message from the UE or an uplink data packet, wherein the RRC message carries the feature information or the PDCP layer of the uplink data packet carries the feature information, and the RAN encapsulates the feature information in the GTP of the uplink data packet by encapsulating the feature information. layer, and then send the encapsulated upstream data packets to the UPF network element.
  • Step 712 after the UPF receives the feature information and determines that the feature information does not exist in the first activity feature information set, the UPF will encapsulate the feature information into the IP/transmission/application layer of the uplink user plane data (not specifically limited). ), and send the encapsulated uplink data to the AF/AS side.
  • Step 713 after receiving the uplink user plane data carrying the feature information, the AF/AS side adjusts the live media stream sent to the UE, and then sends the downlink live media stream carrying and corresponding feature information to the UE.
  • UE1 to UE6 are all VR glasses
  • 6 viewers are in a live broadcast room of a football match
  • the football match video played in the live broadcast room is a 360-degree panoramic VR video.
  • UE1 to UE2 access RAN1, UE3 to UE6 access RAN2, and UE1 to UE6 all access the same UPF network element, as shown in FIG. 6B .
  • the field of view of UE1 changes, assuming that the first field of view changes to the second field of view, if UE1 saves the second set of activity feature information, then UE1 First, find the index value 002 corresponding to the live media stream of the second field of view from the initial feature information set, UE1 sends a handover request to RAN1, the handover request includes the index value 002, and the handover request is used to request the second field of view angular live media stream. After the RAN receives the handover request, the RAN first searches whether the index value 002 exists in the second activity feature information set.
  • the RAN will copy the live media stream carrying the index value of 002, send the copied live media stream to UE1, and discard the live media sent to the UE1 on the original interface Stream packets. If RAN1 searches for the second activity feature information set and does not have the index value 002, RAN1 informs the UPF network element of the request through a GTP indication, and the UPF network element adjusts the live media stream. Specifically, the UPF network element may first check whether the index value 002 exists in the first activity feature information set.
  • the UPF will copy the live media stream carrying the index value of 002, modify the address information in the live media stream data packet, and send the modified live media stream to the RAN , which is forwarded by the RAN to UE1, and discards the live media stream data packets sent to the UE1 on the original interface. It can be seen that with this method, UE1 can receive and parse the downlink live media stream corresponding to the second field of view from the RAN side in time, which effectively reduces the switching delay of the media stream.
  • the RAN and the UPF side will establish a mapping relationship between the user and the live media stream being accessed and the feature information.
  • the UE side initiates a live media stream switching request, it will be based on the feature information in the switching request.
  • the RAN and/or UPF perform media stream switching and delivery according to the mapping relationship, and modify the IP/port information to realize the switching of the live media stream, effectively reducing the switching delay of the media stream.
  • the above-mentioned second and third embodiments may be implemented independently in different scenarios, or may be implemented in combination in the same scenario, and the second and third embodiments may be implemented in combination with each other.
  • Step 4 may be implemented separately in different scenarios, or may be implemented in combination in the same scenario.
  • Embodiment 2 and Implementation 5 may be implemented separately in different scenarios, or may be implemented in combination in the same scenario, which is not specifically limited.
  • step number of each flowchart described in the embodiment of the present application is only an example of the execution process, and does not constitute a restriction on the order of execution of the steps, and there is no timing dependency between each other in the embodiment of the present application There is no strict order of execution between the steps.
  • the above-mentioned actions that can be performed by the UPF can also be performed by the edge application server, where the edge application server can be understood as the application server whose deployment position is closer to the user side, thus Shorten the response time and reduce the pressure on the transmission network.
  • the application server in the above embodiment may be a central application server.
  • the UPF can be replaced by the edge application server and the application server can be replaced by the central application server in the above-mentioned Embodiments 1 to 5, so as to implement the media stream switching method.
  • the network device or the terminal device may include corresponding hardware structures and/or software modules for executing each function.
  • the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is performed by hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality using different methods for each particular application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
  • the terminal device and the network device may be divided into functional units according to the foregoing method examples.
  • each functional unit may be divided according to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware, or may be implemented in the form of software functional units.
  • FIG. 8 shows a possible exemplary block diagram of the apparatus involved in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus 800 may include: a processing unit 802 and a communication unit 803 .
  • the processing unit 802 is used to control and manage the actions of the device 800 .
  • the communication unit 803 is used to support the communication between the apparatus 800 and other devices.
  • the communication unit 803 is also referred to as a transceiving unit, and may include a receiving unit and/or a sending unit, which are respectively configured to perform receiving and sending operations.
  • the apparatus 800 may further include a storage unit 801 for storing program codes and/or data of the apparatus 800 .
  • the apparatus 800 may be the terminal device in any of the foregoing embodiments, or may also be a chip provided in the terminal device.
  • the processing unit 802 may support the apparatus 800 to perform the actions of the terminal device in the above method examples.
  • the processing unit 802 mainly performs the internal actions of the terminal device in the method example, and the communication unit 803 may support the communication between the apparatus 800 and the network device.
  • the apparatus 800 may be the network device in any of the foregoing embodiments, or may also be a chip in the setting network device, and the network device may refer to the access network device, user plane function network element, and session management function network described above. meta or application server etc.
  • the processing unit 802 may support the apparatus 800 to perform the actions of the network device in each method example above.
  • the processing unit 802 mainly performs the internal actions of the network device in the method example
  • the communication unit 803 may support the communication between the apparatus 800 and the network device.
  • the processing unit 802 can be used to perform the internal actions of the network device in the method example; the communication unit 803 can be used to support the communication between the apparatus 800 and the terminal device.
  • each unit in the above apparatus can be realized in the form of software calling through the processing element; also can all be realized in the form of hardware; some units can also be realized in the form of software calling through the processing element, and some units can be realized in the form of hardware.
  • each unit can be a separately established processing element, or can be integrated in a certain chip of the device to be implemented, and can also be stored in the memory in the form of a program, which can be called by a certain processing element of the device and execute the unit's processing.
  • each step of the above method or each of the above units may be implemented by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor element or implemented in the form of software being invoked by the processing element.
  • a unit in any of the above apparatuses may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above method, such as: one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), or, one or more Multiple microprocessors (digital singnal processors, DSP), or, one or more field programmable gate arrays (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA), or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • DSP digital singnal processors
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • a unit in the apparatus can be implemented in the form of a processing element scheduler
  • the processing element can be a processor, such as a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), or other processors that can invoke programs.
  • these units can be integrated together and implemented in the form of a system-on-a-chip (SOC).
  • the above unit for receiving is an interface circuit of the device for receiving signals from other devices.
  • the receiving unit is an interface circuit used by the chip to receive signals from other chips or devices.
  • the above unit for sending is an interface circuit of the device for sending signals to other devices.
  • the sending unit is an interface circuit used by the chip to send signals to other chips or devices.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present application. It may be the terminal device in the above embodiment, and is used to implement the operation of the terminal device in the above embodiment.
  • the terminal device includes: an antenna 910 , a radio frequency part 920 , and a signal processing part 930 .
  • the antenna 910 is connected to the radio frequency part 920 .
  • the radio frequency part 920 receives the information sent by the network device through the antenna 910, and sends the information sent by the network device to the signal processing part 930 for processing.
  • the signal processing part 930 processes the information of the terminal equipment and sends it to the radio frequency part 920
  • the radio frequency part 920 processes the information of the terminal equipment and sends it to the network equipment through the antenna 910 .
  • the signal processing part 930 may include a modulation and demodulation subsystem, which is used for processing data at various communication protocol layers; and a central processing subsystem, which is used for processing the terminal device operating system and the application layer.
  • the modem subsystem may include one or more processing elements 931, including, for example, a host CPU and other integrated circuits.
  • the modulation and demodulation subsystem may also include a storage element 932 and an interface circuit 933 .
  • the storage element 932 is used to store data and programs, but the program for executing the method performed by the terminal device in the above method may not be stored in the storage element 932, but in a memory outside the modulation and demodulation subsystem, When used, the modem subsystem is loaded for use.
  • Interface circuit 933 is used to communicate with other subsystems.
  • the modulation and demodulation subsystem can be implemented by a chip, the chip includes at least one processing element and an interface circuit, wherein the processing element is used to execute each step of any one of the methods performed by the above terminal equipment, and the interface circuit is used to communicate with other devices.
  • the unit for the terminal device to implement each step in the above method may be implemented in the form of a processing element scheduler.
  • an apparatus for a terminal device includes a processing element and a storage element, and the processing element calls the program stored in the storage element to Execute the method executed by the terminal device in the above method embodiments.
  • the storage element may be a storage element in which the processing element is on the same chip, that is, an on-chip storage element.
  • the program for executing the method performed by the terminal device in the above method may be in a storage element on a different chip from the processing element, that is, an off-chip storage element.
  • the processing element calls or loads the program from the off-chip storage element to the on-chip storage element, so as to call and execute the method performed by the terminal device in the above method embodiments.
  • the unit for the terminal device to implement each step in the above method may be configured as one or more processing elements, and these processing elements are provided on the modulation and demodulation subsystem, and the processing element here may be an integrated circuit, For example: one or more ASICs, or, one or more DSPs, or, one or more FPGAs, or a combination of these types of integrated circuits. These integrated circuits can be integrated together to form chips.
  • the units of the terminal device implementing each step in the above method may be integrated together and implemented in the form of an SOC, and the SOC chip is used to implement the above method.
  • At least one processing element and a storage element may be integrated in the chip, and the method executed by the above terminal device may be implemented in the form of a program stored in the storage element being invoked by the processing element; or, at least one integrated circuit may be integrated in the chip to implement the above terminal.
  • the above apparatus for a terminal device may include at least one processing element and an interface circuit, where the at least one processing element is configured to execute any method performed by the terminal device provided in the above method embodiments.
  • the processing element can execute part or all of the steps performed by the terminal device in the first way: by calling the program stored in the storage element; or in the second way: by combining the instructions with the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in the processor element Part or all of the steps performed by the terminal device may be performed in the manner of the first method; of course, some or all of the steps performed by the terminal device may also be performed in combination with the first manner and the second manner.
  • the processing elements here are the same as those described above, which may be implemented by a processor, and the functions of the processing elements may be the same as those of the processing unit described in FIG. 8 .
  • the processing element may be a general-purpose processor, such as a CPU, or may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods, such as: one or more ASICs, or, one or more microprocessors, DSPs , or, one or more FPGAs, etc., or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
  • the storage element may be implemented by a memory, and the function of the storage element may be the same as that of the storage unit described in FIG. 8 .
  • the storage element may be implemented by a memory, and the function of the storage element may be the same as that of the storage unit described in FIG. 8 .
  • the storage element can be one memory or a collective term for multiple memories.
  • the terminal device shown in FIG. 9 can implement each process involving the terminal device in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 3 , FIG. 4A , FIG. 5 , FIG. 6A or FIG. 7 .
  • the operations and/or functions of each module in the terminal device shown in FIG. 9 are respectively to implement the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the network device includes: an antenna 1001 , a radio frequency device 1002 , and a baseband device 1003 .
  • the antenna 1001 is connected to the radio frequency device 1002 .
  • the radio frequency apparatus 1002 receives the information sent by the terminal equipment through the antenna 1001, and sends the information sent by the terminal equipment to the baseband apparatus 1003 for processing.
  • the baseband apparatus 1003 processes the information of the terminal equipment and sends it to the radio frequency apparatus 1002
  • the radio frequency apparatus 1002 processes the information of the terminal equipment and sends it to the terminal equipment through the antenna 1001 .
  • Baseband device 1003 may include one or more processing elements 10031, including, for example, a host CPU and other integrated circuits.
  • the baseband device 1003 may further include a storage element 10032 and an interface 10033, the storage element 10032 is used to store programs and data; the interface 10033 is used to exchange information with the radio frequency device 1002, such as a common public radio interface (common public radio interface) , CPRI).
  • the above apparatus for network equipment may be located in the baseband apparatus 1003, for example, the above apparatus for network equipment may be a chip on the baseband apparatus 1003, the chip including at least one processing element and an interface circuit, wherein the processing element is used to execute the above network Each step of any one of the methods performed by the device, the interface circuit is used to communicate with other devices.
  • the unit for the network device to implement each step in the above method may be implemented in the form of a processing element scheduler, for example, an apparatus for a network device includes a processing element and a storage element, and the processing element calls the program stored in the storage element to The method performed by the network device in the above method embodiment is performed.
  • the storage element may be a storage element in which the processing element is located on the same chip, that is, an on-chip storage element, or a storage element that is located on a different chip from the processing element, that is, an off-chip storage element.
  • the unit of the network device implementing each step in the above method may be configured as one or more processing elements, these processing elements are provided on the baseband device, and the processing elements here may be integrated circuits, for example: a or ASICs, or one or more DSPs, or one or more FPGAs, or a combination of these types of integrated circuits. These integrated circuits can be integrated together to form chips.
  • the units of the network device for implementing each step in the above method may be integrated together and implemented in the form of a system-on-a-chip (SOC), for example, the baseband device includes the SOC chip for implementing the above method.
  • SOC system-on-a-chip
  • the baseband device includes the SOC chip for implementing the above method.
  • At least one processing element and a storage element may be integrated in the chip, and the method executed by the above network device may be implemented in the form of a program stored in the storage element being invoked by the processing element; or, at least one integrated circuit may be integrated in the chip to implement the above network
  • the above apparatus for a network device may include at least one processing element and an interface circuit, where the at least one processing element is configured to execute any method performed by the network device provided in the above method embodiments.
  • the processing element may execute part or all of the steps performed by the network device in the first manner: that is, by calling the program stored in the storage element; or in the second manner: that is, combining the instructions with the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in the processor element part or all of the steps performed by the network device; of course, part or all of the steps performed by the above network device may also be performed in combination with the first and second methods.
  • the processing elements here are the same as those described above, and may be implemented by a processor, and the functions of the processing elements may be the same as those of the processing unit described in FIG. 10 .
  • the processing element may be a general-purpose processor, such as a CPU, or may be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods, such as: one or more ASICs, or, one or more microprocessors, DSPs , or, one or more FPGAs, etc., or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
  • the storage element may be implemented by a memory, and the function of the storage element may be the same as that of the storage unit described in FIG. 8 .
  • the storage element may be implemented by a memory, and the function of the storage element may be the same as that of the storage unit described in FIG. 8 .
  • the storage element can be one memory or a collective term for multiple memories.
  • the network device shown in FIG. 10 can implement each process involving the network device in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the operations and/or functions of each module in the network device shown in FIG. 10 are respectively to implement the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
  • computer-usable storage media including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory result in an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in the flow or flow of the flowcharts and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.

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Abstract

一种媒体流切换方法及装置,该方法包括:接入网设备接收来自终端设备切换请求中包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,接入网设备或用户面网元根据该特征信息,确定与第一直播媒体流的特征信息对应的第一直播媒体流,从而接入网设备或用户面网元切换向终端设备发送的媒体流,即将向终端设备发送的直播媒体流从第二直播媒体流切换为第一直播媒体,其中第二直播媒体流和第一直播媒体流均对应该接入网设备或用户面网元,该方法可以实现在接入网设备或用户面网元侧完成媒体流切换,有助于及时切换媒体流,降低媒体流切换时延。

Description

一种媒体流切换方法及装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2020年07月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010739547.9、申请名称为“一种媒体流切换方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域,尤其涉及一种媒体流切换方法及装置。
背景技术
目前新媒体行业快速发展,用户可以通过在手机、平板电脑等终端上安装的直播类应用客户端(例如抖音
Figure PCTCN2021108484-appb-000001
快手
Figure PCTCN2021108484-appb-000002
淘宝直播
Figure PCTCN2021108484-appb-000003
)实时观看视频。在用户观看视频过程中,终端中的直播类应用客户端可以根据用户对视频的画质需求,向应用服务器请求合适码率或分辨率的直播媒体流。针对虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)全景视频,终端中的直播类应用客户端还可以根据用户当前的视场角,向应用服务器请求合适视场角的直播媒体流。由于网络传输过程存在时延,终端中的直播类应用客户端难以及时地将终端所请求切换的媒体流参数信息(如码率值、分辨率值或视场角)发送给应用服务器侧,导致媒体流切换时延过大,直播视频发生卡顿,严重影响用户实时观看直播的体验。
发明内容
本申请提供一种媒体流切换方法及装置,用以实现根据终端设备所发送的切换请求中的直播媒体流的特征信息,确定与特征信息对应的直播媒体流,及时地向终端设备分发该直播媒体流,从而降低媒体流切换时延。
第一方面,本申请实施例提供一种通信方法,该方法适用于接入网设备,包括:
接入网设备接收来自终端设备切换请求中包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,接入网设备根据该特征信息,确定与第一直播媒体流的特征信息对应的第一直播媒体流,从而接入网设备切换向终端设备发送的媒体流,即将向终端设备发送的直播媒体流从第二直播媒体流切换为第一直播媒体,其中第二直播媒体流和第一直播媒体流均对应该接入网设备。
本申请实施例中,针对同一接入网设备下有多用户共同访问相同直播媒体流的情况,本方法实施例通过将切换的决策权置于接入网设备,从而有助于及时切换媒体流,降低媒体流切换时延。
在一种可能的设计中,方式一:接入网设备确定与第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息,然后接入网设备向终端设备发送第一地址信息,其中,第一地址信息用于与第二直播媒体流对应的第二地址信息进行绑定。方式二:接入网设备确定与第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息和与第二直播媒体流对应的第二地址信息,接入网设备将承载第一直播媒体流的数据包中的第一地址信息替换为第二地址信息。需要说明的是,地址信息可以指IP和端口信息中的至少一个。
本申请实施例中,接入网设备会将终端设备所请求的特征信息所对应的IP/端口信息发往终端设备侧,确保终端设备侧能够将该IP/端口信息与原IP/端口信息绑定并在接收到对应数据后,实现对其的解析与应用。
在一种可能的设计中,接入网设备接收来自会话管理功能网元或用户面功能网元的消息,消息包括与第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息,接入网设备根据消息确定与第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息和第二地址信息。
本申请实施例中,会话管理功能网元会将对应的地址信息发给接入网设备,或者用户面管理功能网元直接将地址信息发送给接入网设备。
在一种可能的设计中,接入网设备确定与第一直播媒体流的特征信息对应的第一直播媒体流的方式可以是:接入网设备根据第一直播媒体流的特征信息,确定包括接入网设备所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息的第二活动特征信息集合存在第一直播媒体流的特征信息,接入网设备从监测的直播媒体流中,确定携带第一直播媒体流的特征信息的第一直播媒体流。
本申请实施例中,接入网设备可以监测所服务的媒体流,从而可以明确当前接入网设备服务范围内终端设备正在访问的媒体流,故可以根据特征信息确定对应的第一直播媒体流。
在一种可能的设计中,接入网设备根据第一直播媒体流的特征信息,确定第二活动特征信息集合中不包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,因此接入网设备向终端设备发送响应信息,该响应消息用于通知终端设备直播媒体流切换失败,这样,终端设备收到响应消息后,重新向应用服务器发送切换请求。在一种可能的设计中,应用服务器可以是边缘应用服务器或者中心应用服务器,其中,边缘应用服务器相比于中心应用服务器更靠近于终端设备,边缘应用服务器又可称为是本地应用服务器,中心应用服务器又可称为是远端应用服务器。
本申请实施例中,接入网设备可以在确定当前不存在第一直播媒体流的情况下,及时向终端设备发送响应消息,以避免切换失败,终端设备发生长时间卡顿。
在一种可能的设计中,接入网设备根据第一直播媒体流的特征信息,确定第二活动特征信息结合中不包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,因此接入网设备通过用户面功能网元向应用服务器发送第一直播媒体流的特征信息,即向应用服务器请求第一直播媒体流。
本申请实施例中,接入网设备可以在确定当前不存在第一直播媒体流的情况下,及时向应用服务器请求第一直播媒体流,以避免切换失败,终端设备发生长时间卡顿。
在一种可能的设计中,第二活动特征信息可以是按照如下方式生成的:接入网设备向会话管理功能网元发送终端设备的直播会话的建立请求消息,接入网设备接收来自会话管理功能网元的直播会话的创建完成消息和第二指示信息,接入网设备根据第二指示信息,监测通过接入网设备所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流,并创建第二活动特征信息集合。
在一种可能的设计中,接入网设备还可以将第二活动特征信息集合发送至终端设备,从而终端设备可以根据在发送切换请求之前,先确定请求切换的第一直播媒体流的特征信息是否存在于第二活动特征信息集合中,若存在,则终端设备向接入网设备发送切换请求,否则,则向应用服务器发送切换请求。
本申请实施例中,接入网设备可根据GTP层指示形成第二活动特征信息集合,并通过RRC消息或PDCP层扩展标识将第二活动特征信息集合发送至终端设备,当终端设备侧进 行媒体流变更时,接入网设备侧直接将对应特性信息的媒体流复制/转发至终端设备所对应的DRB上,完成媒体流切换。
在一种可能的设计中,第一直播媒体流的特征信息为第一直播媒体流的流媒体参数值,或者第一直播媒体流唯一对应的索引值,其中,流媒体参数值包括码率、分辨率、帧率或视场角中的至少一类参数的值。
第二方面,本申请实施例提供一种媒体流切换方法,该方法适用于终端设备,终端设备向接入网设备发送第一直播媒体流的特征信息,终端设备从接入网设备接收的直播媒体流从第二直播媒体流切换为第一直播媒体流,其中,第一直播媒体流是与第一直播媒体流的特征信息向对应的,第二直播媒体流和第一直播媒体流均对应该接入网设备。
本申请实施例中,针对同一接入网设备或同一用户面功能网元下有多用户共同访问相同直播媒体流的情况,本方法实施例通过将切换的决策权置于接入网设备或用户面功能网元,从而有助于及时切换媒体流,降低媒体流切换时延。
在一种可能的设计中,终端设备向接入网设备发送第一直播媒体流的特征信息之前,还包括:终端设备通过接入网设备向会话管理功能网元发送直播会话的建立请求消息,终端设备通过接入网设备接收来自会话管理功能网元的用于直播业务的创建请求完成消息和初始特征信息集合,其中,初始特征信息集合包括各种媒体流参数对应的直播媒体流的特征信息,终端设备从初始特征信息集合中,确定与当前的媒体流参数信息对应的第一直播媒体流的特征信息。
本申请实施例中,在建立PDU会话过程中,完成关于直播媒体流的特征信息的下发,以保证媒体流的切换。
在一种可能的设计中,终端设备向接入网设备发送第一直播媒体流的特征信息之前,还包括:终端设备接收来自接入网设备的第二活动特征信息集合,终端设备确定第二活动特征信息集合中包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,第二活动特征信息集合包括接入网设备所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息。
本申请实施例中,终端设备查看第二活动特征信息集合,如果请求的媒体流所对应特征信息不在第二活动特征信息集合之内,终端设备会通过现有的应用层交互流程进行对应特征信息的直播媒体流请求;如果请求的媒体流所对应特征信息在第二活动特征信息集合之内,终端设备直接向接入网设备发送对应特征信息的直播媒体流请求。
在一种可能的设计中,终端设备还接收来自用户面功能网元的第一活动特征信息集合,其中第一活动特征信息集合包括用户面功能网元所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息集合。当终端设备确定第一活动特征信息集合中包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,通过接入网设备向用户面功能网元发送切换请求;当终端设备确定第一活动特征信息集合中不包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,则向应用服务器发送切换请求。在一种可能的设计中,应用服务器可以是边缘应用服务器或者中心应用服务器,其中,边缘应用服务器相比于中心应用服务器更靠近于终端设备,边缘应用服务器又可称为是本地应用服务器,中心应用服务器又可称为是远端应用服务器。
本申请实施例中,终端设备查看第一活动特征信息集合,如果请求的媒体流所对应特征信息不在第二活动特征信息集合之内,终端设备会通过现有的应用层交互流程进行对应特征信息的直播媒体流请求;如果请求的媒体流所对应特征信息在第一活动特征信息集合之内,终端设备直接向用户面功能网元发送对应特征信息的直播媒体流请求。
在一种可能的设计中,终端设备还接收第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息,终端设备将第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息与第二直播媒体流对应的第二地址信息进行绑定,并根据绑定关系对第一直播媒体流进行解析。
本申请实施例中,接入网设备会将终端设备所请求的特征信息所对应的IP/端口信息发往终端设备侧,确保终端设备侧能够将该IP/端口信息与原IP/端口信息绑定并在接收到对应数据后,实现对其的解析与应用。
第三方面,本申请实施例还提供一种媒体流切换方法,该方式适用于用户面功能网元,该方法包括:
用户面功能网元接收来自终端设备的第一直播媒体流的特征信息,用户面功能网元确定与第一直播媒体流的特征信息对应的第一直播媒体流,用户面功能网元将向终端设备发送直播媒体流从第二直播媒体流切换为第一直播媒体流,其中第二直播媒体流和第一直播媒体流均对应用户面功能网元。
本申请实施例中,针对同一用户面功能网元下有多用户共同访问相同直播媒体流的情况,本方法实施例通过将切换的决策权置于用户面功能网元,从而有助于及时切换媒体流,降低媒体流切换时延。
在一种可能的设计中,用户面功能网元将向终端设备发送的直播媒体流从第二直播媒体流切换为第一直播媒体流之前,用户面功能网元确定与第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息,以及与第二直播媒体流对应的第二地址信息,用户面功能网元将承载第一直播媒体流的数据包中的第一地址信息替换为第二地址信息。
本申请实施例中,确保终端设备侧能够使用原IP/端口信息进行对应数据的解析与应用。
在一种可能的设计中,用户面功能网元确定与第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息,用户面功能网元向终端设备发送第一地址信息,第一地址信息用于与第二直播媒体流对应的第二地址信息进行绑定。
本申请实施例中,用户面功能网元会将终端设备所请求的特征信息所对应的IP/端口信息发往终端设备侧,确保终端设备侧能够将该IP/端口信息与原IP/端口信息绑定并在接收到对应数据后,实现对其的解析与应用。
在一种可能的设计中,用户面功能网元确定与第一直播媒体流的特征信息对应的第一直播媒体流,包括:用户面功能网元确定第一活动特征信息集合中包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,用户面功能网元从当前监测的直播媒体流中,确定携带第一直播媒体流的特征信息的第一直播媒体流,其中第一活动特征信息集合包括用户面功能网元所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息。
本申请实施例中,用户面功能网元可以监测所服务的媒体流,从而可以明确当前用户面功能网元服务范围内终端设备正在访问的媒体流,故可以根据特征信息确定对应的第一直播媒体流。
在一种可能的设计中,用户面功能网元确定第一活动特征信息集合中不包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,则用户面功能网元向应用服务器发送请求消息,该请求消息包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,其中,请求消息用于请求向终端设备发送的直播媒体流切换第一直播媒体流。在一种可能的设计中,应用服务器可以是边缘应用服务器或者中心应用服务器,其中,边缘应用服务器相比于中心应用服务器更靠近于终端设备,边缘应用服务器又 可称为是本地应用服务器,中心应用服务器又可称为是远端应用服务器。
本申请实施例中,在确定当前不存在第一直播媒体流的情况下,用户面功能网元及时向应用服务器发送对应媒体请求信息,确保应用服务器完成对终端设备请求的媒体切换响应。
在一种可能的设计中,用户面功能网元确定第一活动特征信息集合中不包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,则用户面功能网元通过接入网设备向终端设备发送响应消息,该响应消息用于通知终端设备直播媒体流切换失败,这样,终端设备收到响应消息后,重新向应用服务器发送切换请求。
本申请实施例中,用户面功能网元可以在确定当前不存在第一直播媒体流的情况下,及时向终端设备发送响应消息,以避免切换失败,终端设备发生长时间卡顿。
在一种可能的设计中,用户面功能网元接收来自终端设备的第一直播媒体流的特征信息之前,还包括:用户面功能网元接收来自会话管理功能网元的直播会话的创建完成消息和第一指示信息,用户面功能网元根据第一指示信息,监测通过用户面功能网元所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息,并创建第一活动特征信息集合。
本申请实施例中,在建立PDU会话过程后,用户面功能网元进行关于直播媒体流的特征信息的监测,并创建第一活动特征信息集合,以保证后续媒体流的切换。
在一种可能设计中,用户面功能网元监测到终端设备正在访问该直播业务后,会发送出指示信息至会话管理网元,以便于会话管理网元将用户面功能网元与终端设备身份信息告知应用服务器,促使应用服务器获取第一活动特征信息集合并将其发往终端设备。或者,在另一可能的设计中,用户面功能网元将第一活动特征信息集合发送至终端设备。
本申请实施例中,用户面功能网元按照上述方式可以使得应用服务器获取第一活动特征信息集合,以便于应用服务器将第一活动特征信息集合发往终端设备,从而终端设备可以通过查看第一活动特征信息集合,确定媒体流的切换方式。
在一种可能设计中,当用户面功能网元监测通过用户面功能网元所服务的至少两个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息相同且发往相同的接入网设备时,用户面功能网元对直播媒体流去重复;用户面功能网元向接入网设备发送去重复处理后的直播媒体流;其中,去重复处理后的直播媒体流中不同的直播媒体流的特征信息互不相同。
本申请实施例中,用户面功能网元根据第一活动特征信息集合与媒体流对应的接入网设备,实现用户面功能网元到接入网设备之间的去重复媒体流传输,降低传输网压力,同时有效保障用户的媒体观看体验。
在一种可能的设计中,用户面功能网元监测到终端设备正在访问该直播业务后,会发送指示信息和终端设备的地址信息至会话管理功能网元,以便于会话管理功能网元将该指示信息和终端设备的地址信息发送至接入网设备。需要说明的是,地址信息可以指IP和端口信息中的至少一个。
本申请实施例中,会话管理功能网元会将IP/端口信息发往接入网设备,以便于接入网设备将其发送至终端设备侧,确保终端设备侧能够将该IP/端口信息与原IP/端口信息绑定并在接收到对应数据后,实现对其的解析与应用。
第四方面,本申请实施例还提供一种媒体流切换方法,该方式适用于会话管理功能网元,该方法包括:会话管理功能网元在创建终端设备的直播会话时,会话管理功能网元从 策略管理功能网元获取初始特征信息集合,其中,该初始特征信息集合中包括各种媒体流参数对应的直播媒体流的特征信息。然后会话管理功能网元在完成创建直播会话后,会话管理功能网元向用户面功能网元发送第一指示信息,以及向终端设备发送初始特征信息集合,其中,第一指示信息用于指示监测通过用户面功能网元所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息。
在一种可能的设计中,会话管理功能网元还可以向终端设备发送第三指示信息,当终端设备收到第三指示信息,则按照上述方法发送包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息。
本申请实施例中,在建立PDU会话过程中,完成关于直播媒体流的特征信息的下发,以保证媒体流的切换。
在一种可能的设计中,会话管理功能网元在接收到来自用户面功能网元的指示信息后,则向应用服务器发送终端设备的身份信息,以及用户面功能网元的身份信息,以便于应用服务器获取第一活动特征信息集合,从而将第一活动特征信息集合发送至终端设备。在一种可能的设计中,应用服务器可以是边缘应用服务器或者中心应用服务器,其中,边缘应用服务器相比于中心应用服务器更靠近于终端设备,边缘应用服务器又可称为是本地应用服务器,中心应用服务器又可称为是远端应用服务器。
本申请实施例中,终端设备利用接收的第一活动特征信息集合,可以判断请求的媒体流的特征信息是否存在于第一活动特征信息集合中,如果请求的媒体流所对应特征信息不在第一活动特征信息集合之内,终端设备会通过现有的应用层交互流程进行对应特征信息的直播媒体流请求;如果请求的媒体流所对应特征信息在第一活动特征信息集合之内,终端设备直接向用户面功能网元发送对应特征信息的直播媒体流请求。
第五方面,本申请实施例还提供一种媒体流切换方法,该方式适用于应用服务器,该方法包括:应用服务器确定与不同流媒体参数对应的直播媒体流的特征信息,应用服务器向终端发送初始特征信息集合,初始特征信息集合包括各种媒体流参数对应的直播媒体流的特征信息。在一种可能的方式中,应用服务器可以通过应用层消息将所述初始特征信息集合发送至终端设备;在另一种可能的方式中,应用服务器可以将初始特征信息集合发送至策略控制功能网元,在会话建立过程,会话管理功能网元从策略控制功能网元获取初始特征信息集合,并将初始特征信息集合通过用户面功能网元或接入网设备发送至终端设备。
本申请实施例中,应用服务器通过告知策略控制功能网元不同媒体流参数对应的直播媒体流的特征信息,完成对直播媒体流的标记。
在一种可能的设计中,应用服务器根据第一活动特征信息集合监测至少两个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息相同时,应用服务器对直播媒体流去重复。应用服务器向用户面功能网元发送去重复处理后的直播媒体流,其中,去重复处理后的直播媒体流中不同的直播媒体流的特征信息互不相同。
本申请实施例中,实现应用服务器到用户面功能网元之间的去重复媒体流传输,降低骨干网与传输网压力,同时有效保障用户的媒体观看体验。
在一种可能的涉及中,应用服务器接收来自会话管理网元的用户面功能网元与终端设备身份标识信息,根据该信息确定对应用户面功能网元下所服务的对应终端设备所访问的直播媒体流信息,并能够确定该用户面功能网元处的第一活动特征信息集合。
在一种可能的设计中,应用服务器从用户面功能网元获取第一活动特征信息集合,应 用服务器向终端设备发送第一活动特征信息集合,因第一活动特征信息集合包括用户面功能网元所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息集合,从而终端设备可以根据第一活动特征信息集合,确定待切换的第一直播媒体流的特征信息。
本申请实施例中,终端设备还接收来自应用服务器的第一活动特征信息集合,其中第一活动特征信息集合包括用户面功能网元所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息集合。当终端设备确定第一活动特征信息集合中包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,向接入网设备发送切换请求;当终端设备确定第一活动特征信息集合中不包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,则向应用服务器发送切换请求。
在一种可能的设计中,应用服务器向策略控制功能网元发送流描述信息与媒体指示信息,其中,流描述信息用于描述该直播业务对应的直播媒体流数据特征,媒体指示信息用于指示核心网针对该媒体业务进行对应优化。
在一种可能的设计中,应用服务器可以是边缘应用服务器或者中心应用服务器,其中,边缘应用服务器相比于中心应用服务器更靠近于终端设备,边缘应用服务器又可称为是本地应用服务器,中心应用服务器又可称为是远端应用服务器。
第六方面,本申请实施例还提供一种媒体流切换方法,该方式适用于边缘应用服务器,其中边缘应用服务器是相比于中心应用服务器更靠近于终端设备的服务器,该方法包括:
边缘应用服务器接收来自终端设备的第一直播媒体流的特征信息,边缘应用服务器确定与第一直播媒体流的特征信息对应的第一直播媒体流,边缘应用服务器将向终端设备发送的直播媒体流从第二直播媒体流切换为第一直播媒体流,其中第二直播媒体流和第一直播媒体流均对应边缘应用服务器。
本申请实施例中,针对同一边缘应用服务器下有多用户共同访问相同直播媒体流的情况,本方法实施例通过将切换的决策权置于边缘应用服务器,从而有助于及时切换媒体流,降低媒体流切换时延。
在一种可能的设计中,边缘应用服务器将向终端设备发送的直播媒体流从第二直播媒体流切换为第一直播媒体流之前,边缘应用服务器确定与第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息,以及与第二直播媒体流对应的第二地址信息,边缘应用服务器将承载第一直播媒体流的数据包中的第一地址信息替换为第二地址信息。
本申请实施例中,确保终端设备侧能够使用原IP/端口信息进行对应数据的解析与应用。
在一种可能的设计中,边缘应用服务器确定与第一直播媒体流的特征信息对应的第一直播媒体流,包括:边缘应用服务器确定第一活动特征信息集合中包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,边缘应用服务器从当前监测的直播媒体流中,确定携带第一直播媒体流的特征信息的第一直播媒体流,其中第一活动特征信息集合包括边缘应用服务器所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息。
本申请实施例中,边缘应用服务器可以监测所服务的媒体流,从而可以明确当前边缘应用服务器服务范围内终端设备正在访问的媒体流,故可以根据特征信息确定对应的第一直播媒体流。
在一种可能的设计中,边缘应用服务器确定第一活动特征信息集合中不包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,则边缘应用服务器向中心应用服务器发送请求消息,该请求消息包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,其中,请求消息用于请求向终端设备发送的直播媒体流切换 第一直播媒体流。
本申请实施例中,在确定当前不存在第一直播媒体流的情况下,边缘应用服务器及时向中心应用服务器发送对应媒体请求信息,确保中心应用服务器完成对终端设备请求的媒体切换响应。
在一种可能的设计中,边缘应用服务器确定第一活动特征信息集合中不包括第一直播媒体流的特征信息,则边缘应用服务器通过接入网设备向终端设备发送响应消息,该响应消息用于通知终端设备直播媒体流切换失败,这样,终端设备收到响应消息后,重新向中心应用服务器发送切换请求。
本申请实施例中,边缘应用服务器可以在确定当前不存在第一直播媒体流的情况下,及时向终端设备发送响应消息,以避免切换失败,终端设备发生长时间卡顿。
第七方面,本申请提供一种通信装置,所述通信装置可以为接入网设备或者设置在接入网设备内部的芯片。所述通信装置具备实现上述第一方面的功能,比如,所述通信装置包括执行上述第一方面涉及步骤所对应的模块或单元或手段(means),所述功能或单元或手段可以通过软件实现,或者通过硬件实现,也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理单元、通信单元,其中,通信单元可以用于收发信号,以实现该通信装置和其它装置之间的通信,比如,通信单元用于接收来自终端设备的切换请求;处理单元可以用于执行该通信装置的一些内部操作。处理单元、通信单元执行的功能可以和上述各方面接入网设备涉及的步骤相对应。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理器,还可以包括收发器,所述收发器用于收发信号,所述处理器执行程序指令,以完成上述第一方面中任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。其中,所述通信装置还可以包括一个或多个存储器,所述存储器用于与处理器耦合。所述一个或多个存储器可以和处理器集成在一起,也可以与处理器分离设置,本申请并不限定。存储器可以保存实现上述第一方面涉及的功能的必要计算机程序或指令。所述处理器可执行所述存储器存储的计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被执行时,使得所述通信装置实现上述各方面接入网设备涉及的任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理器和存储器,存储器可以保存实现上述第一方面涉及的功能的必要计算机程序或指令。所述处理器可执行所述存储器存储的计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被执行时,使得所述通信装置实现上述各方面接入网设备涉及的任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括至少一个处理器和接口电路,其中,至少一个处理器用于通过所述接口电路与其它装置通信,并执行上述第一方面任意可能的设计或实现方式中由接入网设备执行的方法。
第八方面,本申请提供一种通信装置,所述通信装置可以为终端设备或者设置在终端设备内部的芯片。所述通信装置具备实现上述第二方面的功能,比如,所述通信装置包括执行上述第二方面涉及步骤所对应的模块或单元或手段(means),所述功能或单元或手段可以通过软件实现,或者通过硬件实现,也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理单元、通信单元,其中,通信单元可以用于收发信号,以实现该通信装置和其它装置之间的通信,比如,通信单元用于接收来自 接入网发送的第一直播媒体流;处理单元可以用于执行该通信装置的一些内部操作。处理单元、通信单元执行的功能可以和上述各方面接入网设备涉及的步骤相对应。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理器,还可以包括收发器,所述收发器用于收发信号,所述处理器执行程序指令,以完成上述第二方面中任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。其中,所述通信装置还可以包括一个或多个存储器,所述存储器用于与处理器耦合。所述一个或多个存储器可以和处理器集成在一起,也可以与处理器分离设置,本申请并不限定。存储器可以保存实现上述第二方面涉及的功能的必要计算机程序或指令。所述处理器可执行所述存储器存储的计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被执行时,使得所述通信装置实现上述各方面接入网设备涉及的任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理器和存储器,存储器可以保存实现上述第二方面涉及的功能的必要计算机程序或指令。所述处理器可执行所述存储器存储的计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被执行时,使得所述通信装置实现上述各方面接入网设备涉及的任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括至少一个处理器和接口电路,其中,至少一个处理器用于通过所述接口电路与其它装置通信,并执行上述第二方面任意可能的设计或实现方式中由终端设备执行的方法。
第九方面,本申请提供一种通信装置,所述通信装置可以为用户面功能网元或者设置在用户面功能网元内部的芯片。所述通信装置具备实现上述第三方面的功能,比如,所述通信装置包括执行上述第三方面涉及步骤所对应的模块或单元或手段(means),所述功能或单元或手段可以通过软件实现,或者通过硬件实现,也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理单元、通信单元,其中,通信单元可以用于收发信号,以实现该通信装置和其它装置之间的通信,比如,通信单元用于接收来自终端设备发送的切换请求;处理单元可以用于执行该通信装置的一些内部操作。处理单元、通信单元执行的功能可以和上述各方面接入网设备涉及的步骤相对应。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理器,还可以包括收发器,所述收发器用于收发信号,所述处理器执行程序指令,以完成上述第三方面中任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。其中,所述通信装置还可以包括一个或多个存储器,所述存储器用于与处理器耦合。所述一个或多个存储器可以和处理器集成在一起,也可以与处理器分离设置,本申请并不限定。存储器可以保存实现上述第三方面涉及的功能的必要计算机程序或指令。所述处理器可执行所述存储器存储的计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被执行时,使得所述通信装置实现上述各方面接入网设备涉及的任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理器和存储器,存储器可以保存实现上述第三方面涉及的功能的必要计算机程序或指令。所述处理器可执行所述存储器存储的计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被执行时,使得所述通信装置实现上述各方面接入网设备涉及的任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括至少一个处理器和接口电路,其中,至少一个处理器用于通过所述接口电路与其它装置通信,并执行上述第三方面任意可能的设计或 实现方式中由用户面功能网元执行的方法。
第十方面,本申请提供一种通信装置,所述通信装置可以为会话管理功能网元或者设置在会话管理功能网元内部的芯片。所述通信装置具备实现上述第四方面的功能,比如,所述通信装置包括执行上述第四方面涉及步骤所对应的模块或单元或手段(means),所述功能或单元或手段可以通过软件实现,或者通过硬件实现,也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理单元、通信单元,其中,通信单元可以用于收发信号,以实现该通信装置和其它装置之间的通信,比如,通信单元用于接收来自终端设备发送的会话创建请求;处理单元可以用于执行该通信装置的一些内部操作。处理单元、通信单元执行的功能可以和上述各方面接入网设备涉及的步骤相对应。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理器,还可以包括收发器,所述收发器用于收发信号,所述处理器执行程序指令,以完成上述第四方面中任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。其中,所述通信装置还可以包括一个或多个存储器,所述存储器用于与处理器耦合。所述一个或多个存储器可以和处理器集成在一起,也可以与处理器分离设置,本申请并不限定。存储器可以保存实现上述第四方面涉及的功能的必要计算机程序或指令。所述处理器可执行所述存储器存储的计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被执行时,使得所述通信装置实现上述各方面接入网设备涉及的任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理器和存储器,存储器可以保存实现上述第四方面涉及的功能的必要计算机程序或指令。所述处理器可执行所述存储器存储的计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被执行时,使得所述通信装置实现上述各方面接入网设备涉及的任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括至少一个处理器和接口电路,其中,至少一个处理器用于通过所述接口电路与其它装置通信,并执行上述第四方面任意可能的设计或实现方式中由会话管理功能网元执行的方法。
第十一方面,本申请提供一种通信装置,所述通信装置可以为应用服务器或者设置在应用服务器内部的芯片。所述通信装置具备实现上述第五方面的功能,比如,所述通信装置包括执行上述第五方面涉及步骤所对应的模块或单元或手段(means),所述功能或单元或手段可以通过软件实现,或者通过硬件实现,也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理单元、通信单元,其中,通信单元可以用于收发信号,以实现该通信装置和其它装置之间的通信,比如,通信单元用于接收来自应用服务器发送的会话创建请求;处理单元可以用于执行该通信装置的一些内部操作。处理单元、通信单元执行的功能可以和上述各方面接入网设备涉及的步骤相对应。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理器,还可以包括收发器,所述收发器用于收发信号,所述处理器执行程序指令,以完成上述第五方面中任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。其中,所述通信装置还可以包括一个或多个存储器,所述存储器用于与处理器耦合。所述一个或多个存储器可以和处理器集成在一起,也可以与处理器分离设置,本申请并不限定。存储器可以保存实现上述第五方面涉及的功能的必要计算机程序或指令。所述处理器可执行所述存储器存储的计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被执行时,使得所述通信装置实现上述各方面接入网设备涉及的任意可能的设计或实现方式中的 方法。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理器和存储器,存储器可以保存实现上述第五方面涉及的功能的必要计算机程序或指令。所述处理器可执行所述存储器存储的计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被执行时,使得所述通信装置实现上述各方面接入网设备涉及的任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括至少一个处理器和接口电路,其中,至少一个处理器用于通过所述接口电路与其它装置通信,并执行上述第五方面任意可能的设计或实现方式中由应用服务器执行的方法。
第十二方面,本申请提供一种通信装置,所述通信装置可以为边缘应用服务器或者设置在边缘应用服务器内部的芯片。所述通信装置具备实现上述第六方面的功能,比如,所述通信装置包括执行上述第六方面涉及步骤所对应的模块或单元或手段(means),所述功能或单元或手段可以通过软件实现,或者通过硬件实现,也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理单元、通信单元,其中,通信单元可以用于收发信号,以实现该通信装置和其它装置之间的通信,比如,通信单元用于接收来自边缘应用服务器发送的会话创建请求;处理单元可以用于执行该通信装置的一些内部操作。处理单元、通信单元执行的功能可以和上述各方面接入网设备涉及的步骤相对应。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理器,还可以包括收发器,所述收发器用于收发信号,所述处理器执行程序指令,以完成上述第六方面中任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。其中,所述通信装置还可以包括一个或多个存储器,所述存储器用于与处理器耦合。所述一个或多个存储器可以和处理器集成在一起,也可以与处理器分离设置,本申请并不限定。存储器可以保存实现上述第六方面涉及的功能的必要计算机程序或指令。所述处理器可执行所述存储器存储的计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被执行时,使得所述通信装置实现上述各方面接入网设备涉及的任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括处理器和存储器,存储器可以保存实现上述第六方面涉及的功能的必要计算机程序或指令。所述处理器可执行所述存储器存储的计算机程序或指令,当所述计算机程序或指令被执行时,使得所述通信装置实现上述各方面接入网设备涉及的任意可能的设计或实现方式中的方法。
在一种可能的设计中,所述通信装置包括至少一个处理器和接口电路,其中,至少一个处理器用于通过所述接口电路与其它装置通信,并执行上述第六方面任意可能的设计或实现方式中由边缘应用服务器执行的方法。
第十三方面,本申请提供一种系统,包括上述方法实施例中或装置实施例中的接入网设备、用户面功能网元、应用服务器、会话管理功能网元和终端设备。可选地,所述系统中还包括统一数据管理功能网元和策略控制功能网元。
第十四方面,本申请提供一种系统,包括上述方法实施例中或装置实施例中的接入网设备、边缘应用服务器、中心应用服务器、会话管理功能网元和终端设备。可选地,所述系统中还包括统一数据管理功能网元和策略控制功能网元。
第十五方面,本申请提供一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机存储介质中存储有计算机可读指令,当计算机读取并执行所述计算机可读指令时,使得计算机执行上述各个方 面的任一种可能的设计中的方法。
第十六方面,本申请提供一种计算机程序产品,当计算机读取并执行所述计算机程序产品时,使得计算机执行上述各个方面的任一种可能的设计中的方法。
第十七方面,本申请提供一种芯片,所述芯片包括处理器,所述处理器与存储器耦合,用于读取并执行所述存储器中存储的软件程序,以实现上述各个方面的任一种可能的设计中的方法。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种网络架构示意图;
图2A为本申请实施例提供一种网络直播系统示意图;
图2B为本申请实施例提供一种目前网络直播系统对应的网络架构示意图;
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种会话建立方法示意图;
图4A为本申请实施例提供的一种数据传输方法示意图;
图4B为本申请实施例提供的一种媒体流切换场景示意图;
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种播媒体流的切换方法示意图;
图6A为本申请实施例提供的一种直播媒体流的切换方法示意图;
图6B为本申请实施例提供的一种媒体流切换场景示意图;
图7为本申请实施例一种直播媒体流的切换方法示意图;
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置结构示意图;
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置结构示意图;
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置结构示意图。
具体实施方式
应理解,本申请实施例中“至少一个”是指一个或者多个,“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”、“或/和”,描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B的情况,其中A、B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一(项)个”或其类似表达,是指的这些项中的任意组合,包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如,a、b或c中的至少一项(个),可以表示:a,b,c,a和b,a和c,b和c,或a、b和c,其中a、b、c中的每一个本身可以是元素,也可以是包含一个或多个元素的集合。
在本申请实施例中,“示例的”、“在一些实施例中”、“在另一实施例中”等用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请中被描述为“示例”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言,使用示例的一词旨在以具体方式呈现概念。
本申请实施例中“的(of)”、“相应的(corresponding,relevant)”和“对应的(corresponding)”有时可以混用。应当指出的是,在不强调其区别时,其所要表达的含义是一致的。本申请实施例中通信、传输有时可以混用,应当指出的是,在不强调区别是,其所表达的含义是一致的。例如传输可以包括发送和/或接收,可以为名词,也可以是动词。
需要指出的是,本申请实施例中涉及的“第一”、“第二”等词汇,仅用于区分描述的目 的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性,也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。
本申请实施例中涉及的“网元”也可以称为“设备”,对此不作限定。网元可以是硬件,也可以是从功能上划分的软件或者以上二者结合后的结构。网元可以包括核心网网元,接入网网元(或者称为接入网设备)等。核心网网元,比如会话管理网元、用户面网元等。
针对背景技术中所提出的问题,本申请实施例提供了一种媒体流切换方法,由接入网设备根据终端设备所发送的切换请求中的直播媒体流的特征信息,及时地确定与特征信息对应的直播媒体流,并向终端设备分发与特征信息对应的直播媒体流,从而降低媒体流切换时延。与现有技术相比,接入网设备收到切换请求后,若存在与特征信息对应的直播媒体流,则可以不需要再通过核心网网元向应用服务器获取直播媒体流,所以可以降低媒体流切换时延。切换后的媒体流能够适应于网络状况的变化,因此使得用户可以在网络状况较好的情况下,能够在终端实时观看画质较为清晰的视频,在网络状况变差的情况下,传输码率较小的流媒体数据,从而有助于用户在终端实时观看视频的情况下,降低视频卡顿的可能性,从而有助于提高用户提验。
以下对本申请实施例中的部分用语进行解释说明,以便于本领域技术人员理解。
1、媒体流,在本申请实施例中可以被理解为一段视频流,视频流中可以包括一个或多个视频帧。
2、媒体流参数。本申请实施例中的媒体流参数可以用于指示视频帧画质的清晰度或视场角。示例的,媒体流参数可以为视场角、码率、分辨率和/或帧率。例如,码率的大小依赖于分辨率和帧率。例如,码率=帧率*一个视频帧的大小,其中一个视频帧的大小取决于该视频帧分辨率的大小以及该媒体编码技术。因此,通常码率、帧率和分辨率存在对应关系。以媒体流参数为码率为例,在码率自适应网络调整后,帧率和分辨率也会相应调整。
其中,码率越高,视频画质的越清晰。例如,码率为10Mbps的视频画质比码率为5Mbps时的视频画质更清晰。一般来说,码率越高,流媒体数据的传输对网络带宽的需求越高。例如,码率为10Mbps的流媒体数据的传输所需的网络带宽大于码率为5Mbps的流媒体数据的传输所需的网络带宽。
应理解,本申请实施例中通过媒体流参数标识来指示媒体流参数的大小,即不同大小的媒体流参数标识是不同的。需要说明的是,在媒体流参数为码率的情况下,媒体流参数标识又可以称之为码率标识,类似的,在媒体流参数为分辨率的情况下,媒体流参数标识又可以称之为分辨率标识,在媒体流参数为帧率的情况下,媒体流参数标识又可以称之为帧率标识。以媒体流参数为分辨率为例。例如,360P的分辨率标识为000,720P的分辨率标识为001,1080P的分辨率标识为010。
需要说明的是,执行本申请提供的媒体流切换方法在网络侧涉及到接入网设备、移动管理网元、会话管理网元、用户面网元和策略控制网元。其中,接入网设备为接入网网元,移动管理网元、会话管理网元、用户面网元和策略控制网元为核心网网元。例如,接入网设备用于为终端提供无线通信功能,例如无线接入网(radio access network,RAN)网元等。移动管理网元用于负责终端的移动性管理,例如移动管理实体(mobility management entity,MME)、或者接入和移动性管理功能实体(access and mobility management function,AMF)实体等。会话管理网元用于控制分组数据单元(packet data unit,PDU)会话的建立、修改和删除,例如会话管理功能(session management function,SMF)实体。用户面网元用于负责连接外部网络(例如数据网络(data network,DN)),例如用户面功能(user  plane function,UPF)实体。策略控制网元用于负责策略控制,例如生成服务质量(quality of service,QoS)参数集,例如策略功能控制(policy control function,PCF)实体。
执行本申请提供的媒体流切换方法涉及到终端和应用服务器。应理解,在本申请实施例中,终端又可以称之为终端设备、用户设备(user equipment)、移动终端、媒体客户端等,对此不作限定,应用服务器又可以称之为媒体流服务器等,对此不作限定,应用服务器可以是边缘应用服务器或者中心应用服务器,其中,边缘应用服务器相比于中心应用服务器更靠近于终端设备,边缘应用服务器又可称为是本地应用服务器,中心应用服务器又可称为是远端应用服务器。以下以UE、应用服务器为例,对本申请实施例进行介绍。
示例的,如图1所示,为本申请实施例适用的一种网络架构的示意图。该网络架构为第五代移动通信技术(the 5th generation mobile communication technology,5G)网络架构。该网络架构包括无线接入网(radio access network,RAN)、AMF网元、SMF网元、UPF网元、PCF网元、DN等。在一些实施例中,该网络架构还包括统一数据管理功能(unified data management,UDM)实体、鉴权服务器功能(authentication server function,AUSF)实体、应用功能(application function,AF)实体、网络开放功能(network exposure function,NEF)实体和网络数据分析功能(network data analytics function,NWDAF)实体等。
RAN(又可称之为接入网络(access network,AN))的主要功能是控制UE通过无线接入到移动通信网络。RAN是移动通信系统的一部分。它实现了一种无线接入技术。例如,RAN是通过RAN网元控制UEW通过无线接入到移动通信网络的,位于UE和核心网网元之间。RAN网元又可以称之为接入网设备,包括但不限于:5G中的(g nodeB,gNB)、演进型节点B(evolved node B,eNB)、无线网络控制器(radio network controller,RNC)、节点B(node B,NB)、基站控制器(base station controller,BSC)、基站收发台(base transceiver station,BTS)、家庭基站(例如,home evolved nodeB,或home node B,HNB)、基带单元(base band unit,BBU)、传输点(transmitting and receiving point,TRP)、发射点(transmitting point,TP)、移动交换中心等,此外,RAN设备还可以包括无线保真(wireless fidelity,wifi)接入点(access point,AP)等。
AMF网元负责UE的接入管理和移动性管理,包含管理用户注册、可达性检测、SMF网元的选择、移动状态转换管理等。
SMF网元主要负责控制PDU会话的建立、修改和删除、UPF网元的选择等。
UPF网元主要负责数据包路由和转发、移动性锚点、上行分类器来支持路由业务流到数据网络、分支点来支持多归属PDU会话等。
PCF网元为策略决策点,主要负责提供基于业务数据流和应用检测、门控、QoS和基于流的计费控制等规则。
UDM实体主要负责存储用户签约数据。
AUSF实体主要用于提供鉴权服务。
AF实体主要用于与第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project,3GPP)核心网交互来提供服务,来影响业务流路由、接入网能力开放、策略控制等。
NEF实体主要用于安全地开放由3GPP网络功能提供的服务和能力,如第三方、边缘计算、AF等。
DN为UE提供网络服务,例如运营商服务、互联网接入或者第三方服务等。
NWDAF实体主要用于提供基于大数据和人工智能等技术的网络数据采集和分析功能 等。
另外,为了描述更为简洁,在后续描述时,将各个功能实体中的“实体”去掉,比如AMF网元简称为AMF,UPF网元简称为UPF,其它实体类似,不再一一例举。
图1中,NWDAF、NEF、NRF、PCF、UDM、AF、AUSF、AMF以及SMF之间,任意两个网元之间通信可以采用服务化通信方式,比如NEF与AUSF之间通信采用的接口Nnef和Nausf均为服务化的接口,同理,接口Nnwdaf、Nnrf、Npcf、Nudm、Naf、Namf以及Nsmf均为服务化的接口。另外,AMF与UE可通过N1接口通信,AMF与RAN网元可通过N2接口通信,RAN网元和UPF可通过N3接口通信,SMF与UPF可通过N4接口通信,UE与RAN网元之间进行空口通信,UPF与DN可通过N6接口通信,UPF之间通过N9接口通信。需要说明的是,图1中的各个网元之间的服务化的接口还可以替换为点对点的接口。
其中,图1所示的网络架构中,与本申请有关的网元主要是:RAN网元、AMF网元、SMF网元、UPF网元和PCF网元。
应理解,本申请实施例中的UE是一种具有无线收发功能的设备,可以部署在陆地上,包括室内或室外、手持或车载;也可以部署在水面上(如轮船等);还可以部署在空中(例如飞机、气球和卫星上等)。例如,UE可以是手机(mobile phone)、平板电脑(pad)、智慧屏、带无线收发功能的电脑、虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)终端、增强现实(augmented reality,AR)终端、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端、远程医疗(remote medical)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端等。
需要说明的是,图1仅为本申请实施例适用的一种网络架构的示例,并不构成对本申请实施例的限定。本申请实施例还可以应用于其它网络架构,例如,未来移动通信网络架构(如6G网络架构)等。
图2A是本申请实施例提供的一种网络直播系统示意图,网络直播是一种新兴的网络社交方式,它是多个用户可以在同一时间通过网络观看或收听同样的直播内容的一种社交方式。
具体地,网络直播这种新兴的网络社交方式具有如下特点:用户可以在终端上进行操作,该终端可以向服务器发送网络直播请求,由该服务器为该用户创建直播房间,该直播房间是一种提供弹幕式音视频直播的在线虚拟房间,则该用户即为该直播房间的发起者,也即是主播,该主播可以在该直播房间中展示歌唱、游戏、电影、电视剧等音视频内容,作为观众的其它用户也可以通过其它终端进入该直播房间,在该直播房间中观看或收听主播的展示内容,也可以与该主播进行互动,例如,点赞、为该主播送礼物、关注或者分享该主播、与该主播进行聊天等。
如图1所示,该网络直播系统可以包括多个终端和内容分发网络,其中,该多个终端中可以包括主播所在终端和n个观众所在终端。该内容分发网络用于为该多个终端提供音视频服务。该主播所在终端可以采集主播直播过程中的音视频数据,并基于该音视频数据获取直播媒体流,从而将该直播媒体流发送至内容分发网络,由该内容分发网络将该直播媒体流转发至该n个观众所在终端,则该观众所在终端可以对该直播媒体流进行解码并播 放,使得观众可以观看主播的直播内容。
其中,该主播所在终端可以通过终端上的直播类应用客户端上进行直播,也可以通过门户网站进行直播,同理地,该n个观众所在终端也可以通过直播应用或门户网站获取到直播媒体流,本发明实施例对此不作限定。
需要说明的是,该网络直播系统还可以包括消息中转分发服务器,该消息中转分发服务器不区分终端是观众所在终端,还是主播所在终端,该消息中转分发服务器可以将任一终端发送的消息,广播给其他终端,从而该直播房间内的所有终端均可以看到该消息,该消息通常是观众和主播的互动内容,本发明实施例对在此不作过多赘述。
另外,需要说明的是,本申请实施例所使用的直播场景并不限于网络直播,还适用于运动比赛直播、重大新闻事件直播等,在此不再一一举例描述。
图2B是与目前网络直播系统对应的网络架构示意图,在该网络架构中,包括如图1所示的无线接入网(radio access network,RAN)、AMF网元、SMF网元、UPF网元、PCF网元、DN等。每个网元的具体执行功能可以参见图1,在此不再重复赘述。
在图2B中,每个UE都会与直播媒体流的应用服务器单独建立一个数据传输通道,独立地进行直播媒体流数据的请求与传输。例如,图2B中,6个UE(UE1、UE2、UE3、UE4、UE5和UE6)分别与直播媒体流的应用服务器建立了六个数据传输通道,其中,UE1与UE6对应的数据传输通道传输相同的直播媒体流;UE2与UE3对应的数据传输通道传输相同的直播媒体流;UE4与UE5对应的数据传输通道传输相同的直播媒体流。可见,目前存在内容完全相同的直播媒体流在核心网网元和接入网网元中重复传输,大大地降低了资源利用率。
另外,在直播媒体流传输中,目前,当UE切换了视场角或码率时,需要向应用服务器侧请求切换后的视场角或码率的直播媒体流,应用服务器收到请求后,向UE发送切换后的直播媒体流。目前,这一过程由于存在网络时延,导致媒体流切换时延过大,直播视频发生卡顿,严重影响用户实时观看直播的体验。
为此,本申请提供一种媒体流切换方法,一方面,该方法中接入网网元或用户面网元可以根据来自终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息,从当前传输的多个直播媒体流中确定与之对应的直播媒体流,从而将复制后的直播媒体流分发至终端设备,实现媒体流的及时切换,提升媒体流的切换时延;另一方面,该方法同时实现应用服务器与接入网网元之间的直播媒体流去重复传输,降低核心网网元与接入网网元之间的传输压力,提高资源的利用率。
以下本申请提供的实施例中主要结合图1所示的网络架构,对本申请实施例提供的方法进行详细说明。下文中,主要以媒体流参数为视场角为例,在媒体流参数为码率、分辨率或帧率等其它参数的情况下,会话建立方法、数据传输方法、媒体流切换方法可以参见媒体流参数为视场角时的方法。
实施例一
本实施例为直播业务对应的会话建立的过程,该过程旨在会话建立过程中完成直播媒体流的特征信息的下发。
如图3所示,为本申请实施例一种会话建立方法,具体包括以下步骤。
步骤301、应用服务器为直播媒体流标识特征信息,并向PCF发送初始特征信息集合。其中,初始特征信息集合中包括各个直播媒体流对应的特征信息。
具体地,应用服务器会在不同的直播媒体流数据包中封装特征信息,一般地,该特征信息封装在直播媒体流数据包IP层。该特征信息可以是具体的媒体流参数值,也可以是索引值。
情况一,直播媒体流的特征信息可以是媒体流参数值。
示例性地,以媒体流参数为视场角的全景直播媒体流为例,应用服务器为全景直播媒体流标识的特征信息可以是视场角度值。比如,应用服务器在0度视场角的直播媒体流数据包中封装的特征信息为0度,应用服务器在90度视场角的直播媒体流数据包中封装的特征信息为90度,应用服务器在360度视场角的直播媒体流数据包中封装的特征信息为360度,依次类推,应用服务器可以将(0度,360度)对应的直播媒体流数据包中都封装有对应的视场角度值。在该示例下,初始特征信息集合可以是包括0度至180度的视场角度列表。
情况二,直播媒体流的特征信息可以是与每种直播媒体流唯一对应的索引值。
示例性地,仍以媒体流参数为视场角的全景直播媒体流为例,应用服务器为全景直播媒体流标识的特征信息可以是索引值。比如,应用服务器在0度视场角的直播媒体流数据包中封装的索引值为0X00,应用服务器在90度视场角的直播媒体流数据包中封装的索引值为0X5A,应用服务器在360度视场角的直播媒体流数据包中封装的索引值为0168,依次类推,应用服务器可以将(0度,360度)对应的直播媒体流数据包中都封装有对应的索引值。在该示例下,初始特征信息集合可以是包括0X00至0168的索引值列表(英文为index list)。
再比如,以媒体流参数为码率的直播媒体流为例,假设应用服务器支持的码率分别为10Mbps、5Mbps和2Mbps,应用服务器为码率10Mbps的直播媒体流、码率5Mbps的直播媒体流和码率2Mbps的直播媒体流分别编号。比如,应用服务器在码率为10Mbps的直播媒体流数据包中封装的索引值为000,应用服务器在码率为5Mbps的直播媒体流数据包中封装的索引值为001,应用服务器在码率为2Mbps的直播媒体流数据包中封装的索引值为010等,在该示例下,初始特征信息集合可以是包括000、001和010的索引值列表。
在该步骤中,应用服务器还可以通过应用请求(AF Request)消息将媒体指示信息、流描述信息发送至PCF。具体地,所述媒体指示信息用于指示核心网针对该媒体业务进行对应优化。流描述信息用于描述该直播业务对应的直播媒体流数据特征,例如,直播媒体流数据特征可以是AS侧的直播媒体流的IP三元组信息(目标IP地址,目标端口,传输层协议),UPF可以通过查看数据中的头信息就能够明确该业务是否是直播媒体业务。
在一些实施例中,应用服务器可以通过AF向PCF发送初始特征信息集合。具体来说,AF接收来自应用服务器的初始特征信息集合后,可以通过Nnef_AFsessionWithQoS_Create服务将初始特征信息集合发送至NEF,NEF认证后将其通过Npcf_PolicyAuthorization_Create服务将其发送给PCF。
步骤302,UE1向SMF网元发送会话建立请求消息。
具体地,该会话建立请求消息为NAS消息。该会话建立请求消息可以是PDU会话建立请求或PDU会话修改请求消息。
步骤303,SMF网元收到会话建立请求消息后,从PCF获取初始特征信息集合。
示例性地,SMF网元向PCF发起请求,PCF收到请求后,通过将初始特征信息集合携带在Npcf_SMPolicyControl_Update/Create中发送给SMF。又示例的,PCF也可以通过 将初始特征信息集合携带在新定义的信息中发送给SMF。
在一种可能的实施例中,SMF网元还可以从PCF获取媒体指示信息和数据流规则。
步骤304,SMF网元向UPF网元发送第一指示信息。
其中,该第一指示信息可以承载于N4会话建立消息。也就是说,当SMF网元完成创建与PCF之间的会话管理策略关联之后,向UPF发送N4承载第一指示信息的会话建立请求,该第一指示信息用于指示UPF监测该终端设备的下行直播媒体流。
在一种可能的实施例中,SMF网元还可以向UPF发送包检测规则(packet dection rule,PDR),其中PDR能够监测当前业务是否为对应直播业务,同时能够监测下行媒体流中的标识信息。
步骤305,SMF网元还会向RAN发送第二指示信息,以及向UE1发送第三指示信息。
其中,第二指示信息,用于指示RAN监测该终端设备的下行直播媒体流。
第三指示信息,用于指示根据初始特征信息集合与后续RAN侧指示进行媒体流请求与接收。
在一种可能的情况下,SMF网元还可以向UE1发送初始特征信息集合。
示例性地,SMF网元可以通过Namf_Communication_N1N2MessageTransfer服务消息将第二指示信息(Indicator2)发送至RAN侧,以及将第三指示信息(Indicator3)和初始特征信息集合发送至RAN与UE侧。
步骤306,在该会话创建完成之后,UPF根据第一指示信息,监测向UE1发送的下行直播媒体流,获取该下行直播媒体流数据包中的特征信息,并将该特征信息保存至第一活动特征信息集合中,具体的该特征信息可以是包含在数据包的IP/传输/应用层头中,不做限定。示例性地,UPF监测得到向UE1发送的下行直播媒体流数据包中的特征信息为90度,因此将90度保存至第一活动特征信息集合中。再比如,UPF监测得到向UE1发送的下行直播媒体流数据包中的特征信息为001,因此将001保存至第一活动特征信息集合中。
步骤307,UPF还在该直播媒体流数据包的GTP层(具体指GTP-U层)封装该特征信息。
示例性地,UPF会将特征信息“90度”封装至N3链路中的90度直播媒体流数据包的GTP层。
步骤308,RAN根据接收到来自SMF网元的第二指示信息之后,监测来自UPF的下行直播媒体流数据包的GTP层,获取该下行直播媒体流中的特征信息,并将该特征信息保存至第二活动特征信息集合中。
示例性地,RAN监测得到向下行直播媒体流数据包中的特征信息为90度,因此将90度保存至第二活动特征信息集合中。再比如,RAN监测得到下行直播媒体流数据包中的特征信息为001,因此将001保存至第二活动特征信息集合中。
在一种可能的实施例中,RAN还可以创建特征信息与UE1之间的映射关系,例如RAN创建特征信息“90度”与UE1之间的映射关系。这样,在有多个UE接入该RAN时,RAN就可以确定RAN所服务的每个UE对应的直播媒体流。
在另一种可能的实施例中,RAN还可以从SMF网元获取UE1对应的QFI和第一地址信息。该QFI用于指示向UE1发送的下行直播媒体流,第一地址信息可以包括IP地址和/或端口号(port range)。具体地,RAN可以接收来自SMF网元的N2SM消息,从N2SM消息中获取QFI和第一地址信息。从而RAN可以建立UE1与第一地址信息之间的映射关 系。
步骤309,UE1接收来自SMF网元的第三指示信息,并保存该第三指示信息。
其中,第三指示信息,用于指示根据初始特征信息集合与后续RAN侧的指示进行媒体流请求与接收。
一种可能的实施例,UE1还可以接收来自SMF网元的初始特征信息集合。在另一种可能的实施例中,上述方法还可以包括步骤310,UE1还可以是通过与应用服务器之间的应用层交互获知该初始特征信息集合。
下文提供一个具体的示例,对上述会话建立过程进行举例说明。
结合图2B来说,UE1至UE6均可以按照上述步骤301至步骤309所示的方法建立与自身对应的会话。若UE1至UE6处于同一个直播间,则很可能UE1至UE6均接入同一个RAN和UPF网元,或者,UE1至UE6均接入同一个UPF网元。假设UE1至UE6均接入同一个RAN和UPF网元,那么UPF网元将会监测分别发送至6个UE的6条下行直播媒体流,因此UPF网元所保存的第一活动特征信息集合中会包括6条下行直播媒体流的特征信息,另外RAN所保存的第二活动特征信息集合中也会包括6条下行直播媒体流的特征信息。一种可能的情况下,RAN还可以将包括6条下行直播媒体流的特征信息的第二活动特征信息集合发送至RAN服务范围内UE1至UE6,以便于UE1至UE6在确定需要切换直播媒体流时,从第二活动特征信息集合中查找请求切换的直播媒体流对应的特征信息。
示例性地,如图2B所示,因UE1和UE6对应相同内容的下行直播媒体流,UE2和UE3对应相同内容的下行直播媒体流,UE4和UE5对应相同内容的下行直播媒体流。因此UPF网元所保存的第一活动特征信息集合中包括001、002、003。因UE1至UE6也均接入同一个RAN,所以RAN所保存的第二活动特征信息集合中也包括001、002、003。
需要说明的是,若UE1至UE6均接入同一个UPF网元,但UE2至UE4接入RAN1,而UE1至UE6接入RAN2,则RAN1所保存的第二活动特征信息集合中也包括002、003,RAN1所保存的第二活动特征信息集合中也包括001。
另外,需要说明的是,上述第一活动特征信息集合和第二特征信息集合并不是固定不变的,是实时更新的。当有新的观众的UE访问该直播媒体业务时,则很可能新建PDU会话,若新建PDU会话所传输的下行直播媒体流的特征信息为004,则第一活动特征信息集合中包括001、002、003和004。相反地,若UE1和UE6离开该直播业务,则UE1对应的PDU会话和UE6所对应的PDU会话会被释放,因此第一活动特征信息集合中包括002、003。
进一步地,结合图2B来说,若UE1至UE6均接入同一个RAN网元,在完成UE1至UE6的会话创建之后,RAN可以按照上述步骤208所示的方法建立各个UE的标识、地址信息和直播媒体流的特征信息之间的映射关系。示例性地,该映射关系如表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2021108484-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021108484-appb-000005
从表1可见,每个UE的直播媒体流所在会话均存在对应的IP和端口号。
本申请实施例中,用户在PDU会话建立过程中,SMF网元在会话创建时会下发相应的指示信息给UE/RAN/UPF,确保UE/RAN/UPF能够在后续数据传输过程中,能够针对AF提供的直播媒体流的特征信进行快速切换处理,从而保证媒体流的及时切换。
实施例二
基于实施例一中的会话建立过程中直播媒体流的特征信息的下发,应用服务器、核心网网元以及接入网网元可以通过识别直播媒体流中的特征信息,去除AS到UPF网元,以及UPF网元与RAN之间的重复媒体流,该方法同时实现AS与RAN之间的直播媒体流去重复传输,降低核心网网元与接入网网元之间的传输压力,提高资源的利用率。
如图4A所示,为本申请实施例提供的一种数据传输方法,具体包括以下步骤。
步骤401,UPF网元根据接收的来自SMF网元的第一指示信息,监测到有至少一个UE访问直播业务后,会向SMF网元发送通知信息,该通知信息用于通知SMF网元至少一个UE正在访问的直播媒体流的特征信息。
示例性地,结合图2B来说,UPF网元监测到有UE1至UE6访问直播业务,因此UPF网元通过N4会话上报流程向SMF网元发送通知信息,该通知信息用于通知SMF网元UE1至UE6正在访问的直播媒体流的特征信息为001、002和003。
步骤402,SMF网元将该通知信息转发至PCF侧。
具体地,SMF网元可以通过会话管理策略管理修改流程,将通知信息发送至PCF侧,对应通知信息可以包含UE身份信息以及对应UPF身份信息。
步骤403,PCF通过将该通知信息告知AF/AS侧。
具体地,PCF可以通过能力开放信息Npcf_EventExposure_Notify消息将该通知信息告知AF/AS侧,或者通过Npcf_EventExposure_Notify消息将该通知信息告知NEF,再由NEF通过Nnef——EventExposure_Notify消息将该通知信息告知AF/AS侧。
步骤404,AF/AS侧根据收到的通知信息,可以确定该UPF所服务的终端所访问直播媒体流的特征信息集合,当确定该UPF所服务的终端所访问直播媒体流的特征信息集合中存在重复的特征信息时,AF/AS侧会去除向该UPF网元发送的重复的下行直播媒体流。
步骤405,AS/AF将去重后的下行直播媒体流发送至UPF网元。
步骤406,UPF网元也会根据监测结果,确定到达同一RAN的直播媒体流的特征信息是否存在重复,当存在重复的特征信息时,UPF网元去除重复的下行直播媒体流。
具体地,UPF可以根据GTP隧道的下行目标IP地址区分是否为同一RAN。
步骤407,UPF网元将去重后的下行直播媒体流发送至RAN。
步骤408,UPF网元还可以将与去重后的各条下行直播媒体流直播的特征信息对应的地址信息发送RAN。
具体地,一种可能的实施例中,UPF网元可以将各个会话对应的地址信息通过N4会 话修改信息发送至SMF网元,再由SMF网元通过N2SM消息将地址信息发送至RAN侧。
在另一种可能的实施例中,UPF网元可以将直播媒体流的地址信息封装至下行直播媒体流数据包的GTP层,并将封装后的下行直播媒体流数据发送至RAN侧。
步骤409,RAN在接收到直播媒体流后,会根据各个UE的标识、地址信息和直播媒体流的特征信息之间的映射关系(如表1),向所服务的UE发送对应的直播媒体流数据和与直播媒体流对应的地址信息,从而确保UE能够接收并解析这些下行直播媒体流数据包。
下文提供一个具体的示例,对上述数据传输过程进行举例说明。
结合图2B来说,UE1至UE6处于同一个直播间,假设UE1至UE6均接入同一个RAN和UPF网元,那么UPF网元将会监测到分别发送至6个UE的6条下行直播媒体流,因此UPF网元可以获取6条下行直播媒体流的特征信息,假设6条下行直播媒体流的特征信息如1所示。UPF网元向SMF网元发送通知信息,该通知信息包括6条下行直播媒体流的特征信息。SMF网元又通过PCF网元发送至AF/AS,AF/AS侧根据收到的通知信息,确定UE1和UE6对应相同内容的下行直播媒体流,UE2和UE3对应相同内容的下行直播媒体流,UE4和UE5对应相同内容的下行直播媒体流。因此,AS/AF将去除重复的下行直播媒体流,即AS/AF和UPF网元之间仅传输3条服务质量流(QoS flow),分别是:一条携带特征信息001的下行直播媒体流、一条携带特征信息002的下行直播媒体流和一条携带特征信息003的下行直播媒体流,如图4B所示。UPF网元将去重后的下行直播媒体流发送至RAN,还将与各条下行直播媒体流直播的特征信息对应的地址信息发送RAN,RAN在接收到直播媒体流后,会根据各个UE的标识、地址信息和直播媒体流的特征信息之间的映射关系(如表1),向所服务的UE1至UE6发送对应的直播媒体流数据和与直播媒体流对应的地址信息,从而确保UE能够接收并解析这些下行直播媒体流数据包。
本申请实施例中,UPF网元通过监测并识别各直播媒体流的特征信息,从而确定AS到UPF网元,以及UPF网元与RAN之间的重复媒体流,AS到UPF以及UPF到RAN的去重传输,从而降低直播媒体流对骨干网以及传输网的压力。另外,UPF会通过控制面或用户面将下行直播媒体流对应的地址信息通知至RAN侧,由RAN通知至对应UE,以保证在去重复传输后,UE仍能够正常进行直播媒体数据接收与解析。
实施例三
本实施例为直播媒体流的切换过程,基于实施例一中的会话建立过程中的直播媒体流的特征信息的下发,RAN可以直接根据UE的切换请求中的特征信息,从当前传输的直播媒体流中确定携带该特征信息的直播媒体流,从而复制该直播媒体流,并将该复制后的直播媒体流发送至UE,从而实现媒体流快速切换。
如图5所示,为本申请实施例一种会话建立方法,具体包括以下步骤。
步骤501,UE向RAN发送切换请求消息,该切换请求消息中包括直播媒体流的特征信息。
具体地,UE可以将请求切换的直播媒体流的特征信息承载在RRC消息或上行数据的PDCP层扩展中发送至RAN侧。
在一种可能的实施例中,若请求切换的直播媒体流的特征信息是媒体流参数值,例如视场角。第一种可能的情况下,UE在执行步骤501之前,UE可以获取当前的媒体流参数值,例如视场角度值,并将媒体流参数值对应的特征信息承载在RRC消息或上行数据的 PDCP层扩展中发送至RAN侧。示例性地,若UE为VR眼镜,当佩戴该VR眼镜的用户的头部发生转动时,VR眼镜可以获取用户当前的视场角度值,并将承载当前的视场角度值的RRC消息发送至RAN侧。第二种可能的情况下,若UE预先接收SMF网元的初始特征信息集合,则UE在执行步骤501之前,UE可以从初始特征信息集合中查找与请求切换的直播媒体流对应的特征信息。第三种可能的情况下,UE预先接收来自RAN网元的第二活动特征信息集合,则UE在执行步骤501之前,UE可以从第二活动特征信息集合中查找是否存在与请求切换的直播媒体流对应的特征信息,若存在,则执行步骤501,否则,通过应用层交互流程向应用服务器请求切换的直播媒体流。
在另一种可能的实施例中,若请求切换的直播媒体流的特征信息是索引值,例如应用服务器在0度视场角的直播媒体流数据包中封装的索引值为0X00,第一种可能的情况下,若UE预先接收SMF网元的初始特征信息集合,则UE在执行步骤501之前,UE可以先从初始特征信息集合中查找与请求切换的直播媒体流对应的特征信息(如0X00)。第二种可能的情况下,UE预先接收来自RAN网元的第二活动特征信息集合,则UE在执行步骤501之前,UE可以从第二活动特征信息集合中查找是否存在与请求切换的直播媒体流对应的特征信息,若存在,则执行步骤501,否则,通过应用层交互流程向应用服务器请求切换的直播媒体流。
在一种可能的实施例中,当UE支持流媒体参数动态自适应网络调整的技术时,终端会根据网络状态,上RAN发送调整后的直播媒体流参数。例如,用户在直播类应用客户端设置的流媒体数据的分辨率为自适应的情况下,终端根据流媒体数据的丢包率、网络吞吐量等网络状况信息,动态调整流媒体数据的码率,然后UE向RAN发送调整后的流媒体数据的码率对应的特征信息。
情况一
步骤502,RAN侧在接收到来自UE的切换请求后,确定第二活动特征信息集合中是否存在该特征信息,若存在,则复制携带该特征信息的直播媒体流。
步骤503,RAN向UE发送复制后的直播媒体流。另外,在此之前,RAN还可以根据特征信息与地址信息之间的映射关系,RAN确定与该特征信息对应的第一地址信息(例如IP地址和端口号等),并将第一地址信息发送至UE。
具体地,RAN会将携带该特征信息的直播媒体数据流转发到该UE的QoS流中,并丢弃原接口上发往该QoS流的带有原始特征信息的媒体流数据,具体地,是该UE的QoS流对应的DRB中。
步骤504,UE接收的来自RAN的直播媒体流数据和第一地址信息,UE建立该第一地址信息与原使用的第二地址信息之间的绑定关系,从而利用该绑定关系对接收的直播媒体流进行解析和应用。
具体地,UE建立接收的IP/端口信息与原IP/端口信息之间的绑定关系,并在接收到直播媒体流数据包后,利用该绑定关系解析数据包,将接受的IP/端口中的媒体流数据传输到对应原IP/端口的上层应用中。
情况二
步骤505,RAN侧在接收到来自UE的切换请求后,确定第二活动特征信息集合不存在该特征信息,RAN向UE发送请求响应消息,该请求响应消息用于通知UE切换失败。
例如,UE侧并没有接收来自RAN的第二活动特征信息集合,RAN从第二活动特征 信息集合中未查找到该特征信息;或者是RAN确定当前不存在包括该特征信息的直播媒体流,则RAN向UE发送请求响应消息,
步骤506,UE会通过应用层交互流程向应用服务器请求切换的直播媒体流。
也就是说,UE会通目前已有的应用层交互流程向应用服务器请求直播媒体流。
情况三
步骤507,RAN侧在接收到来自UE的切换请求后,确定第二活动特征信息集合中不存在该特征信息时,则将UE的切换请求中的特征信息承载在上行用户面数据中发送至UPF网元。
具体地,RAN可以将UE的切换请求中的特征信息承载在上行数据的GTP层,然后将上行数据发送至UPF网元。
步骤508,UPF网元在收到RAN侧的上行用户面数据后,UPF会将该特征信息封装在用户面数据的IP/传输/应用层(每个层都可以,不做具体限定),然后将上行用户面数据发送至应用服务器侧。
步骤509,AS侧在收到承载特征信息的上行用户面数据后,会对发往UE的直播媒体流进行调整,然后向UE发送携带并对应该特征信息的下行直播媒体流。
情况四
步骤510,RAN侧在接收到来自UE的切换请求后,确定第二活动特征信息集合中不存在该特征信息,则将UE的切换请求中的特征信息的N2SM消息发送至SMF网元。
步骤511,SMF网元在接收到来自RAN侧的N2SM消息后,会发起会话管理策略关联修改流程,将UE的切换请求的特征信息发送至PCF。
步骤512,PCF通过能力开放消息(例如通过Npcf_EventExposure_Notify服务)将UE切换请求的特征信息发送至应用服务器侧。
步骤513,应用服务器侧在收到控制面能力开放消息后,会将发送UE的QoS流进行调整,然后向UE发送携带该特征信息的下行直播媒体流。
下文提供一个具体的示例,对上述媒体流切换过程进行举例说明。
结合图2A来说,假设UE1至UE6均为VR眼镜,6个观众同处于一个足球比赛的直播间,该直播间播放的足球比赛视频是360度全景VR视频。当使用UE1的观众的头部发生转动时,那么UE1的视场角发生变化,假设从第一视场角变为第二视场角,若UE1保存有第二活动特征信息集合,则UE1先从初始特征信息集合中查找到与第二视场角的直播媒体流对应的索引值002,然后查找第二活动特征信息集合是否存在该索引值002。若存在,则UE1向RAN发送切换请求,该切换请求包括索引值002,该切换请求用于请求第二视场角的直播媒体流。RAN收到该切换请求之后,RAN先查找第二活动特征信息集合是否存在该索引值002。假设第二活动特征信息集合中包括002,则RAN将携带该索引值002的直播媒体流进行复制,并将复制后的直播媒体流发送至UE1,并丢弃原接口上发往该UE1的直播媒体流数据包。可见,通过该方法,UE1可以及时地从RAN获取与第二视场角对应的下行直播媒体流,有效地降低了媒体流的切换时延。
本申请实施例中,因UPF能够对所服务范围内的终端的直播媒体流进行监测,RAN也建立其覆盖范围内访问直播媒体流的第二活动特征信息集合、以及正在被访问的直播媒体流以及媒体流对应地址信息之间的映射关系,所以,当UE侧请求切换直播媒体流时,RAN侧能够根据本地的映射关系,根据UE的切换请求消息中的特征信息,及时地进行直 播媒体流切换与下发,保障用户的直播媒体观看体验。
实施例四
本申请实施例为直播媒体流的切换过程,基于实施例一中的会话建立过程中直播媒体流的特征信息的下发,UPF网元可以直接根据UE的切换请求中的特征信息,从当前传输的直播媒体流中确定携带该特征信息的直播媒体流,从而复制该直播媒体流,并将该复制后的直播媒体流发送至UE,从而实现媒体流的快速切换。
如图6A所示,为本申请实施例一种直播媒体流的切换方法,具体包括以下步骤。
步骤601,UE向RAN发送切换请求消息,该切换请求消息中包括直播媒体流的特征信息。
具体地,UE可以将请求切换的直播媒体流的特征信息承载在RRC消息或上行数据的PDCP层发送至RAN侧。
在一种可能的实施例中,若请求切换的直播媒体流的特征信息是媒体流参数值,例如视场角。第一种可能的情况下,UE在执行步骤601之前,UE可以获取当前的媒体流参数值,例如视场角度值,并将媒体流参数值承载在RRC消息或上行数据的PDCP层扩展中发送至RAN侧。示例性地,若UE为VR眼镜,当佩戴该VR眼镜的用户的头部发生转动时,VR眼镜可以获取用户当前的视场角度值,并将承载当前的视场角度值的RRC消息发送至RAN侧。第二种可能的情况下,若UE预先接收SMF网元的初始特征信息集合,则UE在执行步骤601之前,UE可以从初始特征信息集合中查找与请求切换的直播媒体流对应的特征信息。第三种可能的情况下,UE预先接收来自RAN网元或应用服务器的第二活动特征信息集合,则UE在执行步骤601之前,UE可以从第二活动特征信息集合中查找是否存在与请求切换的直播媒体流对应的特征信息,若存在,则执行步骤601,否则,通过应用层交互流程向应用服务器请求切换的直播媒体流。
具体地,UE1可以通过如下步骤从应用服务器获取第二活动特征信息集合。
步骤a,UPF网元监测到有UE对应的直播媒体流后,会通过N4会话上报流程发送指示信息通知SMF有UE对应的直播媒体流。
步骤b,SMF通过会话管理策略管理修改流程将该通知信息发往PCF侧,通知信息可以包含UPF身份信息与UE身份信息。
步骤c,PCF通过能力开放信息Npcf_EventExposure_Notify消息将该指示信息告知AF/AS侧,或者PCF通过Npcf_EventExposure_Notify消息将该通知信息告知NEF,再由NEF通过Nnef_EventExposure_Notify消息将该通知信息告知AF/AS侧。
步骤d,AS收到来自核心网的通知信息后,能够获知在对应UPF下的第一活动特征信息集合。
或者,AS可以接收来自UPF的第一活动特征信息集合。
步骤e,AS/AF通过应用层信息将该第一活动特征信息集合发送至UE侧。
在另一种可能的实施例中,若请求切换的直播媒体流的特征信息是索引值,例如应用服务器在0度视场角的直播媒体流数据包中封装的索引值为0X00,第一种可能的情况下,若UE预先接收SMF网元的初始特征信息集合,则UE在执行步骤601之前,UE可以先从初始特征信息集合中查找与请求切换的直播媒体流对应的特征信息(如0X00)。第二种可能的情况下,UE预先接收来自RAN网元或应用服务器的第二活动特征信息集合,则 UE在执行步骤601之前,UE可以从第二活动特征信息集合中查找是否存在与请求切换的直播媒体流对应的特征信息,若存在,则执行步骤601,否则,通过应用层交互流程向应用服务器请求切换的直播媒体流。
在一种可能的实施例中,当UE支持流媒体参数动态自适应网络调整的技术时,终端会根据网络状态,上RAN发送调整后的直播媒体流参数所对应的特征信息。例如,用户在直播类应用客户端设置的流媒体数据的分辨率为自适应的情况下,终端根据流媒体数据的丢包率、网络吞吐量等网络状况信息,动态调整流媒体数据的码率,然后UE向RAN发送调整后的流媒体数据的码率所对应的特征信息。
情况一
步骤602,RAN侧在接收到来自UE的切换请求后,将切换请求中的特征信息转发至UPF网元。
具体地,RAN接收到来自UE的RRC消息或者在上行数据包PDCP层扩展位中,其中,RRC消息中承载特征信息或上行数据包的PDCP层中承载特征信息,RAN会通过将特征信息封装在上行数据包的GTP-U层,然后将封装后的上行数据包发送至UPF网元。
步骤603,UPF收到上行数据包之后,确定上行数据包之后的特征信息是否在第一活动特征信息集合之中,若在,则复制携带该特征信息的直播媒体数据流。
步骤604,UPF将复制后的直播媒体数据流转发到对应UE的对应QoS流中,并丢弃通过原来N6接口上发往该UE的QoS流的带有原始特征信息的媒体流数据包。
在一种可能的实施例中,UPF修改直播媒体流中的地址信息,即将第一直播媒体流的数据包中的原第二地址信息替换为第一地址信息,然后将修改后的直播媒体流数据包发送至UE。
在另一种可能的实施例中,UPF也会将直播媒体流数据包中原有的目的地址信息修改为该UE的地址信息,确保UE能够进行正确地接收。
情况二
步骤605,UPF侧在接收到来自UE的切换请求后,确定第一活动特征信息集合不存在该特征信息,UPF通过RAN向UE发送请求响应消息,该请求响应消息用于通知UE切换失败。
例如,UPF从第一活动特征信息集合中未查找到该特征信息;或者是UPF确定当前不存在包括该特征信息的直播媒体流,则UPF向UE发送请求响应消息,
步骤606,UE会通过应用层交互流程向应用服务器请求切换的直播媒体流。
也就是说,UE会通目前已有的应用层交互流程向应用服务器请求直播媒体流。
情况三
步骤607,UPF收到特征信息后,确定第一活动特征信息集合中不存在该特征信息时,则UPF会将该特征信息封装至上行用户面数据的IP/传输/应用层(不做具体限定),并封装后的上行数据发送至AF/AS侧。
步骤608,AF/AS侧在收到承载特征信息的上行用户面数据后,会对发往UE的直播媒体数据流进行调整,然后向UE发送携带并对应该特征信息的下行直播媒体流。
下文提供一个具体的示例,对上述媒体流切换过程进行举例说明。
假设UE1至UE6均为VR眼镜,6个观众同处于一个足球比赛的直播间,该直播间播放的足球比赛视频是360度全景VR视频。其中,UE1至UE2接入RAN1,UE2至UE6 接入的RAN2,UE1至UE6均接入同一UPF网元,如图6B所示。那么当使用UE1的观众的头部发生转动时,那么UE1的视场角发生变化,假设从第一视场角变为第二视场角,若UE1保存有第二活动特征信息集合,则UE1先从初始特征信息集合中查找到与第二视场角的直播媒体流对应的索引值002,UE1向RAN1发送切换请求,该切换请求包括索引值002,该切换请求用于请求第二视场角的直播媒体流。RAN1收到该切换请求之后,将该请求通过GTP指示告知UPF网元,由UPF网元调整直播媒体流。具体地,UPF网元可以先查找第一活动特征信息集合是否存在该索引值002。假设第一活动特征信息集合中包括002,则UPF将携带该索引值002的直播媒体流进行复制,并修改该直播媒体流数据包中的地址信息,并将修改后的直播媒体流发送至RAN,由RAN转发至UE1,并丢弃原接口上发往该UE1的直播媒体流数据包。可见,通过该方法,UE1可以及时地接收并解析来自RAN侧的与第二视场角对应的下行直播媒体流,有效地降低了媒体流的切换时延。
本申请实施例中,UPF侧会建立一个用户与正在访问的直播媒体流与特征信息之间的映射关系,当UE侧发起直播媒体流切换请求时,会基于切换请求中的特征信息,由UPF根据该映射关系进行媒体流切换与下发,并对IP/端口信息做修改,实现直播媒体流的切换,有效地降低了媒体流的切换时延。
实施例五
本申请实施例为直播媒体流的切换过程,基于实施例一中的会话建立过程中的直播媒体流的特征信息的下发,RAN可以直接根据UE的切换请求中的特征信息,从当前传输的直播媒体流中确定携带该特征信息的直播媒体流,从而复制该直播媒体流,并将该复制后的直播媒体流发送至UE,从而实现直播媒体流快速切换。当RAN根据UE的切换请求中的特征信息,从当前传输的直播媒体流中确定不存在携带该特征信息的直播媒体流,则RAN可以将该特征信息发送至UPF网元,然后UPF网元可以直接根据UE的切换请求中的特征信息,从当前传输的直播媒体流中确定携带该特征信息的直播媒体流,从而复制该直播媒体流,并将该复制后的直播媒体流发送至UE,从而实现媒体流的快速切换。
如图7所示,为本申请实施例一种直播媒体流的切换方法,具体包括以下步骤。
步骤701,UE向RAN发送切换请求消息,该切换请求消息中包括直播媒体流的特征信息。
具体地,UE可以将请求切换的直播媒体流的特征信息承载在RRC消息或上行数据的PDCP层扩展中发送至RAN侧。其中,直播媒体流的特征信息的具体内容,以及UE在发送之前如何确定直播媒体流的特征信息的过程可以参见上述步骤501,在此不再重复赘述。
情况一
步骤702,RAN侧在接收到来自UE的切换请求后,确定第二活动特征信息集合中是否存在该特征信息,若存在,则复制携带该特征信息的直播媒体流。
步骤703,RAN向UE发送复制后的直播媒体流。另外,在此之前,RAN还可以根据特征信息与地址信息之间的映射关系,RAN确定与该特征信息对应的第一地址信息(例如IP地址和端口号等),并将第一地址信息发送至UE。
具体地,RAN会将携带该特征信息的直播媒体数据流转发到该UE的QoS流中,并丢弃原接口上发往该QoS流的数据,具体地,是该UE的QoS流对应的DRB中。
步骤704,UE接收的来自RAN的直播媒体流数据和第一地址信息,UE建立该第一 地址信息与原使用的第二地址信息之间的绑定关系,从而利用该绑定关系对接收的直播媒体流进行解析和应用。
具体地,UE建立接收的IP/端口信息与原IP/端口信息之间的绑定关系,并在接收到直播媒体流数据包后,利用该绑定关系解析数据包,将接受的IP/端口中的媒体流数据传输到对应原IP/端口的上层应用中。
情况二
步骤705,RAN侧在接收到来自UE的切换请求后,确定第二活动特征信息集合不存在该特征信息,RAN将切换请求中的特征信息转发至UPF网元。
具体地,RAN接收到来自UE的RRC消息或者在上行数据包,其中,RRC消息中承载特征信息或上行数据包的PDCP层扩展中承载特性信息,RAN会通过将特征信息封装在上行数据包的GTP层,然后将封装后的上行数据包发送至UPF网元。
步骤706,UPF收到对应上行数据包之后,根据GTP层特征信息,该特征信息是否在第一活动特征信息集合之中,若在,则复制携带该特征信息的直播媒体数据流.
步骤707,UPF网元将复制后的直播媒体数据流转发到对应UE的QoS流中,并丢弃通过原来N6接口上发往该UE的QoS流的带有原始特征信息的媒体流数据包。
在一种可能的实施例中,UPF修改直播媒体流中的地址信息,即将第一直播媒体流的数据包中的原第二地址信息替换为第一地址信息,然后将修改后的直播媒体流数据包发送至UE。
在另一种可能的实施例中,UPF也会将直播媒体流数据包中原有的目的地址信息修改为该UE的地址信息,确保UE能够进行正确地接收。
情况三
步骤708,RAN侧在接收到来自UE的切换请求后,确定第二活动特征信息集合不存在该特征信息,RAN将切换请求中的特征信息转发至UPF网元。
具体地,RAN接收到来自UE的RRC消息或者在上行数据包,其中,RRC消息中承载特征信息或上行数据包的PDCP层中承载特性信息,RAN会通过将特征信息封装在上行数据包的GTP层,然后将封装后的上行数据包发送至UPF网元。
步骤709,UPF侧在接收到来自UE的切换请求后,确定第一活动特征信息集合不存在该特征信息,UPF通过RAN向UE发送请求响应消息,该请求响应消息用于通知UE切换失败。
例如,UPF从第一活动特征信息集合中未查找到该特征信息;或者是UPF确定当前不存在包括该特征信息的直播媒体流,则UPF向UE发送请求响应消息,
步骤710,UE会通过应用层交互流程向应用服务器请求切换的直播媒体流。
也就是说,UE会通目前已有的应用层交互流程向应用服务器请求直播媒体流。
情况四
步骤711,RAN侧在接收到来自UE的切换请求后,确定第二活动特征信息集合不存在该特征信息,RAN将切换请求中的特征信息转发至UPF网元。
具体地,RAN接收到来自UE的RRC消息或者在上行数据包,其中,RRC消息中承载特征信息或上行数据包的PDCP层中承载特性信息,RAN会通过将特征信息封装在上行数据包的GTP层,然后将封装后的上行数据包发送至UPF网元。
步骤712,UPF收到特征信息后,确定第一活动特征信息集合中不存在该特征信息时, 则UPF会将该特征信息封装至上行用户面数据的IP/传输/应用层(不做具体限定),并将封装后的上行数据发送至AF/AS侧。
步骤713,AF/AS侧在收到承载特征信息的上行用户面数据后,会对发往UE的直播媒体流进行调整,然后向UE发送携带并对应该特征信息的下行直播媒体流。
下文提供一个具体的示例,对上述媒体流切换过程进行举例说明。
假设UE1至UE6均为VR眼镜,6个观众同处于一个足球比赛的直播间,该直播间播放的足球比赛视频是360度全景VR视频。其中,UE1至UE2接入RAN1,UE3至UE6接入的RAN2,UE1至UE6均接入同一UPF网元,如图6B所示。那么当使用UE1的观众的头部发生转动时,那么UE1的视场角发生变化,假设从第一视场角变为第二视场角,若UE1保存有第二活动特征信息集合,则UE1先从初始特征信息集合中查找到与第二视场角的直播媒体流对应的索引值002,UE1向RAN1发送切换请求,该切换请求包括索引值002,该切换请求用于请求第二视场角的直播媒体流。RAN收到该切换请求之后,RAN先查找第二活动特征信息集合是否存在该索引值002。假设第二活动特征信息集合中包括002,则RAN将携带该索引值002的直播媒体流进行复制,并将复制后的直播媒体流发送至UE1,并丢弃原接口上发往该UE1的直播媒体流数据包。若RAN1查找第二活动特征信息集合不存在该索引值002,则RAN1将该请求通过GTP指示告知UPF网元,由UPF网元调整直播媒体流。具体地,UPF网元可以先查找第一活动特征信息集合是否存在该索引值002。假设第一活动特征信息集合中包括002,则UPF将携带该索引值002的直播媒体流进行复制,并修改该直播媒体流数据包中的地址信息,并将修改后的直播媒体流发送至RAN,由RAN转发至UE1,并丢弃原接口上发往该UE1的直播媒体流数据包。可见,通过该方法,UE1可以及时地接收并解析来自RAN侧的与第二视场角对应的下行直播媒体流,有效地降低了媒体流的切换时延。
本申请实施例中,RAN和UPF侧会建立一个用户与正在访问的直播媒体流与特征信息之间的映射关系,当UE侧发起直播媒体流切换请求时,会基于切换请求中的特征信息,由RAN和/或UPF根据该映射关系进行媒体流切换与下发,并对IP/端口信息做修改,实现直播媒体流的切换,有效地降低了媒体流的切换时延。
针对于上述实施例一至实施例五,需要说明的是:(1)上述实施例二与实施三可以分别在不同场景中单独实施,或者也可以在同一场景中结合实施,以及实施例二与实施四可以分别在不同场景中单独实施,或者也可以在同一场景中结合实施,实施例二与实施五可以分别在不同场景中单独实施,或者也可以在同一场景中结合实施,具体不做限定。
(2)本申请实施例中所描述的各个流程图的步骤编号仅为执行流程的一种示例,并不构成对步骤执行的先后顺序的限制,本申请实施例中相互之间没有时序依赖关系的步骤之间没有严格的执行顺序。
针对于上述实施例一至实施例五,还需要补充的是:上述可以由UPF执行的动作,也可以由边缘应用服务器执行,其中边缘应用服务器可以理解为部署位置更加靠近用户侧的应用服务器,从而缩短响应时间,降低传输网压力。相应的,上述实施例中的应用服务器可以是中心应用服务器。也可以理解,上述实施例一至实施例五中可以将UPF替换为边缘应用服务器,将应用服务器替换为中心应用服务器,从而实现媒体流切换方法。
上述主要从网络设备和终端设备之间交互的角度对本申请实施例提供的方案进行了介绍。可以理解的是,为了实现上述功能,网络设备或终端设备可以包括执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到,结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤,本申请的实施例能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行,取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能,但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法示例对终端设备和网络设备进行功能单元的划分,例如,可以对应各个功能划分各个功能单元,也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
在采用集成的单元的情况下,图8示出了本申请实施例中所涉及的装置的可能的示例性框图。如图8所示,装置800可以包括:处理单元802和通信单元803。处理单元802用于对装置800的动作进行控制管理。通信单元803用于支持装置800与其他设备的通信。可选地,通信单元803也称为收发单元,可以包括接收单元和/或发送单元,分别用于执行接收和发送操作。装置800还可以包括存储单元801,用于存储装置800的程序代码和/或数据。
该装置800可以为上述任一实施例中的终端设备、或者还可以为设置在终端设备中的芯片。处理单元802可以支持装置800执行上文中各方法示例中终端设备的动作。或者,处理单元802主要执行方法示例中的终端设备的内部动作,通信单元803可以支持装置800与网络设备之间的通信。
该装置800可以为上述任一实施例中的网络设备、或者还可以为设置网络设备中的芯片,该网络设备可以指代上文中的接入网设备、用户面功能网元、会话管理功能网元或应用服务器等。处理单元802可以支持装置800执行上文中各方法示例中网络设备的动作。或者,处理单元802主要执行方法示例中的网络设备的内部动作,通信单元803可以支持装置800与网络设备之间的通信。例如,处理单元802可以用于执行方法示例中的网络设备的内部动作;通信单元803可以用于支持装置800与终端设备之间的通信。
应理解以上装置中单元的划分仅仅是一种逻辑功能的划分,实际实现时可以全部或部分集成到一个物理实体上,也可以物理上分开。且装置中的单元可以全部以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现;也可以全部以硬件的形式实现;还可以部分单元以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现,部分单元以硬件的形式实现。例如,各个单元可以为单独设立的处理元件,也可以集成在装置的某一个芯片中实现,此外,也可以以程序的形式存储于存储器中,由装置的某一个处理元件调用并执行该单元的功能。此外这些单元全部或部分可以集成在一起,也可以独立实现。这里所述的处理元件又可以成为处理器,可以是一种具有信号的处理能力的集成电路。在实现过程中,上述方法的各步骤或以上各个单元可以通过处理器元件中的硬件的集成逻辑电路实现或者以软件通过处理元件调用的形式实现。
在一个例子中,以上任一装置中的单元可以是被配置成实施以上方法的一个或多个集成电路,例如:一个或多个特定集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC),或,一个或多个微处理器(digital singnal processor,DSP),或,一个或者多个现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA),或这些集成电路形式中至少两种的组合。 再如,当装置中的单元可以通过处理元件调度程序的形式实现时,该处理元件可以是处理器,比如通用中央处理器(central processing unit,CPU),或其它可以调用程序的处理器。再如,这些单元可以集成在一起,以片上系统(system-on-a-chip,SOC)的形式实现。
以上用于接收的单元是一种该装置的接口电路,用于从其它装置接收信号。例如,当该装置以芯片的方式实现时,该接收单元是该芯片用于从其它芯片或装置接收信号的接口电路。以上用于发送的单元是一种该装置的接口电路,用于向其它装置发送信号。例如,当该装置以芯片的方式实现时,该发送单元是该芯片用于向其它芯片或装置发送信号的接口电路。
请参考图9,其为本申请实施例提供的一种终端设备的结构示意图。其可以为以上实施例中的终端设备,用于实现以上实施例中终端设备的操作。如图9所示,该终端设备包括:天线910、射频部分920、信号处理部分930。天线910与射频部分920连接。在下行方向上,射频部分920通过天线910接收网络设备发送的信息,将网络设备发送的信息发送给信号处理部分930进行处理。在上行方向上,信号处理部分930对终端设备的信息进行处理,并发送给射频部分920,射频部分920对终端设备的信息进行处理后经过天线910发送给网络设备。
信号处理部分930可以包括调制解调子系统,用于实现对数据各通信协议层的处理;还可以包括中央处理子系统,用于实现对终端设备操作系统以及应用层的处理。
调制解调子系统可以包括一个或多个处理元件931,例如,包括一个主控CPU和其它集成电路。此外,该调制解调子系统还可以包括存储元件932和接口电路933。存储元件932用于存储数据和程序,但用于执行以上方法中终端设备所执行的方法的程序可能不存储于该存储元件932中,而是存储于调制解调子系统之外的存储器中,使用时调制解调子系统加载使用。接口电路933用于与其它子系统通信。
该调制解调子系统可以通过芯片实现,该芯片包括至少一个处理元件和接口电路,其中处理元件用于执行以上终端设备执行的任一种方法的各个步骤,接口电路用于与其它装置通信。在一种实现中,终端设备实现以上方法中各个步骤的单元可以通过处理元件调度程序的形式实现,例如用于终端设备的装置包括处理元件和存储元件,处理元件调用存储元件存储的程序,以执行以上方法实施例中终端设备执行的方法。存储元件可以为处理元件处于同一芯片上的存储元件,即片内存储元件。
在另一种实现中,用于执行以上方法中终端设备所执行的方法的程序可以在与处理元件处于不同芯片上的存储元件,即片外存储元件。此时,处理元件从片外存储元件调用或加载程序于片内存储元件上,以调用并执行以上方法实施例中终端设备执行的方法。
在又一种实现中,终端设备实现以上方法中各个步骤的单元可以是被配置成一个或多个处理元件,这些处理元件设置于调制解调子系统上,这里的处理元件可以为集成电路,例如:一个或多个ASIC,或,一个或多个DSP,或,一个或者多个FPGA,或者这些类集成电路的组合。这些集成电路可以集成在一起,构成芯片。
终端设备实现以上方法中各个步骤的单元可以集成在一起,以SOC的形式实现,该SOC芯片,用于实现以上方法。该芯片内可以集成至少一个处理元件和存储元件,由处理元件调用存储元件的存储的程序的形式实现以上终端设备执行的方法;或者,该芯片内可以集成至少一个集成电路,用于实现以上终端设备执行的方法;或者,可以结合以上实现方式,部分单元的功能通过处理元件调用程序的形式实现,部分单元的功能通过集成电路 的形式实现。
可见,以上用于终端设备的装置可以包括至少一个处理元件和接口电路,其中至少一个处理元件用于执行以上方法实施例所提供的任一种终端设备执行的方法。处理元件可以以第一种方式:即调用存储元件存储的程序的方式执行终端设备执行的部分或全部步骤;也可以以第二种方式:即通过处理器元件中的硬件的集成逻辑电路结合指令的方式执行终端设备执行的部分或全部步骤;当然,也可以结合第一种方式和第二种方式执行终端设备执行的部分或全部步骤。
这里的处理元件同以上描述,可以通过处理器实现,处理元件的功能可以和图8中所描述的处理单元的功能相同。示例性地,处理元件可以是通用处理器,例如CPU,还可以是被配置成实施以上方法的一个或多个集成电路,例如:一个或多个ASIC,或,一个或多个微处理器DSP,或,一个或者多个FPGA等,或这些集成电路形式中至少两种的组合。存储元件可以通过存储器实现,存储元件的功能可以和图8中所描述的存储单元的功能相同。存储元件可以通过存储器实现,存储元件的功能可以和图8中所描述的存储单元的功能相同。存储元件可以是一个存储器,也可以是多个存储器的统称。
图9所示的终端设备能够实现图3、图4A、图5、图6A或图7所示意的方法实施例中涉及终端设备的各个过程。图9所示的终端设备中的各个模块的操作和/或功能,分别为了实现上述方法实施例中的相应流程。具体可参见上述方法实施例中的描述,为避免重复,此处适当省略详述描述。
请参考图10,其为本申请实施例提供的一种网络设备的结构示意图。用于实现以上实施例中网络设备的操作。如图10所示,该网络设备包括:天线1001、射频装置1002、基带装置1003。天线1001与射频装置1002连接。在上行方向上,射频装置1002通过天线1001接收终端设备发送的信息,将终端设备发送的信息发送给基带装置1003进行处理。在下行方向上,基带装置1003对终端设备的信息进行处理,并发送给射频装置1002,射频装置1002对终端设备的信息进行处理后经过天线1001发送给终端设备。
基带装置1003可以包括一个或多个处理元件10031,例如,包括一个主控CPU和其它集成电路。此外,该基带装置1003还可以包括存储元件10032和接口10033,存储元件10032用于存储程序和数据;接口10033用于与射频装置1002交互信息,该接口例如为通用公共无线接口(common public radio interface,CPRI)。以上用于网络设备的装置可以位于基带装置1003,例如,以上用于网络设备的装置可以为基带装置1003上的芯片,该芯片包括至少一个处理元件和接口电路,其中处理元件用于执行以上网络设备执行的任一种方法的各个步骤,接口电路用于与其它装置通信。在一种实现中,网络设备实现以上方法中各个步骤的单元可以通过处理元件调度程序的形式实现,例如用于网络设备的装置包括处理元件和存储元件,处理元件调用存储元件存储的程序,以执行以上方法实施例中网络设备执行的方法。存储元件可以为处理元件处于同一芯片上的存储元件,即片内存储元件,也可以为与处理元件处于不同芯片上的存储元件,即片外存储元件。
在另一种实现中,网络设备实现以上方法中各个步骤的单元可以是被配置成一个或多个处理元件,这些处理元件设置于基带装置上,这里的处理元件可以为集成电路,例如:一个或多个ASIC,或,一个或多个DSP,或,一个或者多个FPGA,或者这些类集成电路的组合。这些集成电路可以集成在一起,构成芯片。
网络设备实现以上方法中各个步骤的单元可以集成在一起,以片上系统(system-on-a-chip,SOC)的形式实现,例如,基带装置包括该SOC芯片,用于实现以上方法。该芯片内可以集成至少一个处理元件和存储元件,由处理元件调用存储元件的存储的程序的形式实现以上网络设备执行的方法;或者,该芯片内可以集成至少一个集成电路,用于实现以上网络设备执行的方法;或者,可以结合以上实现方式,部分单元的功能通过处理元件调用程序的形式实现,部分单元的功能通过集成电路的形式实现。
可见,以上用于网络设备的装置可以包括至少一个处理元件和接口电路,其中至少一个处理元件用于执行以上方法实施例所提供的任一种网络设备执行的方法。处理元件可以以第一种方式:即调用存储元件存储的程序的方式执行网络设备执行的部分或全部步骤;也可以以第二种方式:即通过处理器元件中的硬件的集成逻辑电路结合指令的方式执行网络设备执行的部分或全部步骤;当然,也可以结合第一种方式和第二种方式执行以上网络设备执行的部分或全部步骤。
这里的处理元件同以上描述,可以通过处理器实现,处理元件的功能可以和图10中所描述的处理单元的功能相同。示例性地,处理元件可以是通用处理器,例如CPU,还可以是被配置成实施以上方法的一个或多个集成电路,例如:一个或多个ASIC,或,一个或多个微处理器DSP,或,一个或者多个FPGA等,或这些集成电路形式中至少两种的组合。存储元件可以通过存储器实现,存储元件的功能可以和图8中所描述的存储单元的功能相同。存储元件可以通过存储器实现,存储元件的功能可以和图8中所描述的存储单元的功能相同。存储元件可以是一个存储器,也可以是多个存储器的统称。
图10所示的网络设备能够实现上述方法实施例中涉及网络设备的各个过程。图10所示的网络设备中的各个模块的操作和/或功能,分别为了实现上述方法实施例中的相应流程。具体可参见上述方法实施例中的描述,为避免重复,此处适当省略详述描述。
本领域内的技术人员应明白,本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此,本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且,本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器,使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中,使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品,该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上,使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理,从而在计算机或其他 可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样,倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (35)

  1. 一种媒体流切换方法,其特征在于,包括:
    接入网设备接收来自终端设备的第一直播媒体流的特征信息;
    所述接入网设备确定与所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息对应的第一直播媒体流;
    所述接入网设备将向所述终端设备发送的直播媒体流从第二直播媒体流切换为所述第一直播媒体流,其中,所述第二直播媒体流和所述第一直播媒体流均对应所述接入网设备。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    所述接入网设备确定与所述第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息;
    所述接入网设备向所述终端设备发送所述第一地址信息,其中,所述第一地址信息用于与所述第二直播媒体流对应的第二地址信息进行绑定。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,包括:
    所述接入网设备确定与所述第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息,以及与所述第二直播媒体流对应的第二地址信息;
    所述接入网设备将承载所述第一直播媒体流的数据包中的所述第一地址信息替换为所述第二地址信息。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述接入网设备确定与所述第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息,包括:
    所述接入网设备接收来自会话管理功能网元或用户面功能网元的消息,所述消息包括所述与第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息;
    所述接入网设备根据所述消息,确定与所述第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述接入网设备确定与所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息对应的第一直播媒体流,包括:
    所述接入网设备根据所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息,确定第二活动特征信息集合存在所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息;
    所述接入网设备从监测的直播媒体流中,确定携带所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息的第一直播媒体流;
    其中,所述第二活动特征信息集合包括所述接入网设备所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    所述接入网设备根据所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息,确定所述第二活动特征信息集合中不包括所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息;
    所述接入网设备向所述终端设备发送响应消息,所述响应消息用于通知所述终端设备直播媒体流切换失败。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,包括:
    所述接入网设备根据所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息,确定所述第二活动特征信息集合中不包括所第一直播媒体流的特征信息;
    所述接入网设备通过所述用户面功能网元向应用服务器发送所述第一直播媒体流的 特征信息;其中,所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息用于请求所述第一直播媒体流。
  8. 根据权利要求5至7任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    所述接入网设备向会话管理功能网元发送所述终端设备的直播会话的建立请求消息;
    所述接入网设备接收来自所述会话管理功能网元的所述直播会话的创建完成消息和第二指示信息;
    所述接入网设备根据所述第二指示信息,监测通过所述接入网设备所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流,并创建第二活动特征信息集合。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    所述接入网设备将所述第二活动特征信息集合发送至所述终端设备。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息为第一直播媒体流的流媒体参数值,或者与第一直播媒体流唯一对应的索引值,所述流媒体参数值包括码率、分辨率、帧率或视场角中的至少一类参数的值。
  11. 一种媒体流切换方法,其特征在于,包括:
    终端设备向接入网设备发送第一直播媒体流的特征信息;
    所述终端设备从所述接入网设备接收的直播媒体流从第二直播媒体流切换为第一直播媒体流;其中,所述第一直播媒体流是与所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息相对应的;所述第二直播媒体流和所述第一直播媒体流均对应所述接入网设备。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述终端设备向接入网设备发送第一直播媒体流的特征信息之前,还包括:
    所述终端设备通过所述接入网设备向会话管理功能网元发送直播会话的建立请求消息;
    所述终端设备通过所述接入网设备接收来自所述会话管理功能网元的用于直播业务的创建完成消息和初始特征信息集合,其中,所述初始特征信息集合包括各种媒体流参数对应的直播媒体流的特征信息;
    所述终端设备从所述初始特征信息集合中,确定与当前的媒体流参数信息对应的第一直播媒体流的特征信息。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述终端设备向接入网设备发送所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息之前,还包括:
    所述终端设备接收来自所述接入网设备的第二活动特征信息集合;
    所述终端设备确定所述第二活动特征信息集合中包括所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息;
    其中,所述第二活动特征信息集合包括所述接入网设备所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息。
  14. 根据权利要求11或12所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    所述终端设备还接收来自用户面功能网元的第一活动特征信息集合,
    所述终端设备确定所述第一活动特征信息集合中包括所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息;
    其中,所述第一活动特征信息集合包括所述用户面功能网元所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息。
  15. 根据权利要求11至14任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    所述终端设备还接收所述第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息;
    所述终端设备将所述第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息与所述第二直播媒体流对应的第二地址信息之间进行绑定,并根据所述绑定关系对所述第一直播媒体流进行解析。
  16. 一种媒体流切换方法,其特征在于,包括:
    用户面功能网元接收来自终端设备的第一直播媒体流的特征信息;
    所述用户面功能网元确定与所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息对应的第一直播媒体流;
    所述用户面功能网元将向所述终端设备发送的直播媒体流从第二直播媒体流切换为所述第一直播媒体流,其中,所述第二直播媒体流和所述第一直播媒体流均对应所述用户面功能网元。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    所述用户面功能网元确定与所述第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息;
    所述用户面功能网元向所述终端设备发送所述第一地址信息,其中,所述第一地址信息用于与所述第二直播媒体流对应的第二地址信息进行绑定。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述用户面功能网元将向所述终端设备发送的直播媒体流从第二直播媒体流切换为所述第一直播媒体流之前,还包括:
    所述用户面功能网元确定与所述第一直播媒体流对应的第一地址信息,以及与所述第二直播媒体流对应的第二地址信息;
    所述用户面功能网元将承载所述第一直播媒体流的数据包中的所述第一地址信息替换为所述第二地址信息。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述用户面功能网元确定与所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息对应的第一直播媒体流,包括:
    所述用户面功能网元确定第一活动特征信息集合中包括所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息;
    所述用户面功能网元从当前监测的直播媒体流中,确定携带所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息的第一直播媒体流;
    其中,所述第一活动特征信息集合包括所述用户面功能网元所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息。
  20. 根据权利要求16至19任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,包括:
    所述用户面功能网元确定第一活动特征信息集合中不包括所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息;
    所述用户面功能网元向应用服务器发送请求消息,所述请求消息包括所述第一直播媒体流的特征信息;其中,所述请求消息用于请求将向所述终端设备发送的直播媒体流切换为所述第一直播媒体流。
  21. 根据权利要求16至19任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述用户面功能网元接收来自终端设备的第一直播媒体流的特征信息之前,还包括:
    所述用户面功能网元接收来自会话管理功能网元的直播会话的创建完成消息和第一指示信息;
    所述用户面功能网元根据所述第一指示信息,监测通过所述用户面功能网元所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息,并创建第一活动特征信息集合。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    当所述用户面功能网元监测通过所述用户面功能网元所服务的至少两个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息相同且发往相同的接入网设备时,所述用户面功能网元对所述直播媒体流去重复;
    所述用户面功能网元向所述接入网设备发送去重复处理后的直播媒体流;其中,去重复处理后的直播媒体流中不同的直播媒体流的特征信息互不相同。
  23. 一种会话建立方法,其特征在于,包括:
    会话管理功能网元在创建终端设备的直播会话时,从策略管理功能网元获取初始特征信息集合;
    所述会话管理功能网元在完成创建直播会话后,向用户面功能网元发送第一指示信息,以及向所述终端设备发送所述初始特征信息集合;
    其中,所述第一指示信息用于指示监测通过所述用户面功能网元所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息;
    所述初始特征信息集合包括各种媒体流参数对应的直播媒体流的特征信息。
  24. 一种通信方法,其特征在于,包括:
    应用服务器确定与不同流媒体参数对应的直播媒体流的特征信息;
    所述应用服务器向终端设备发送初始特征信息集合,所述初始特征信息集合包括各种媒体流参数对应的直播媒体流的特征信息。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    所述应用服务器根据第一活动特征信息集合监测至少两个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息相同时,所述应用服务器对所述直播媒体流去重复;
    所述应用服务器向用户面功能网元发送去重复处理后的直播媒体流;其中,去重复处理后的直播媒体流中不同的直播媒体流的特征信息互不相同。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    所述应用服务器从用户面功能网元获取第一活动特征信息集合;
    所述应用服务器向终端设备发送所述第一活动特征信息集合;
    其中,所述第一活动特征信息集合包括所述用户面功能网元所服务的至少一个终端设备的直播媒体流的特征信息集合。
  27. 根据权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    所述应用服务器向策略控制功能网元发送流描述信息与媒体指示信息;
    其中,所述流描述信息用于描述该直播业务对应的直播媒体流数据特征,所述媒体指示信息用于指示核心网设备对所述直播业务进行优化。
  28. 一种通信装置,其特征在于,包括至少一个处理器,所述至少一个处理器与存储器相连,所述至少一个处理器用于读取并执行所述存储器中存储的程序,以使得所述装置执行如权利要求1-10任一项所述的方法。
  29. 一种通信装置,其特征在于,包括至少一个处理器,所述至少一个处理器与存储器相连,所述至少一个处理器用于读取并执行所述存储器中存储的程序,以使得所述装置执行如权利要求11-15任一项所述的方法。
  30. 一种通信装置,其特征在于,包括至少一个处理器,所述至少一个处理器与存储器相连,所述至少一个处理器用于读取并执行所述存储器中存储的程序,以使得所述装置执行如权利要求16-22任一项所述的方法。
  31. 一种通信装置,其特征在于,包括至少一个处理器,所述至少一个处理器与存储器相连,所述至少一个处理器用于读取并执行所述存储器中存储的程序,以使得所述装置执行如权利要求23所述的方法。
  32. 一种通信装置,其特征在于,包括至少一个处理器,所述至少一个处理器与存储器相连,所述至少一个处理器用于读取并执行所述存储器中存储的程序,以使得所述装置执行如权利要求24-27任一项所述的方法。
  33. 一种芯片,其特征在于,所述芯片与存储器耦合,用于读取并执行所述存储器中存储的程序指令,以实现如权利要求1-27任一项所述的方法。
  34. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机指令,当所述指令在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行如权利要求1-27任一所述的方法。
  35. 一种计算机程序产品,其特征在于,所述计算机程序产品在被计算机调用时,使得计算机执行如权利要求1-27任一所述的方法。
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