WO2022021286A1 - 触头装置、电磁开关、车载充电机及新能源汽车 - Google Patents

触头装置、电磁开关、车载充电机及新能源汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022021286A1
WO2022021286A1 PCT/CN2020/106111 CN2020106111W WO2022021286A1 WO 2022021286 A1 WO2022021286 A1 WO 2022021286A1 CN 2020106111 W CN2020106111 W CN 2020106111W WO 2022021286 A1 WO2022021286 A1 WO 2022021286A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contact
static
movable
moving
bracket
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/106111
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
田晓康
陈太贤
赵福高
何雨函
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority to EP20947162.2A priority Critical patent/EP4184542A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/106111 priority patent/WO2022021286A1/zh
Priority to CN202080102594.0A priority patent/CN115803839A/zh
Publication of WO2022021286A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022021286A1/zh
Priority to US18/155,885 priority patent/US20230178320A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/56—Contact spring sets
    • H01H50/58—Driving arrangements structurally associated therewith; Mounting of driving arrangements on armature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2025—Bridging contacts comprising two-parallel bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2008—Facilitate mounting or replacing contact bridge and pressure spring on carrier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/64—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact
    • H01H50/648—Driving arrangements between movable part of magnetic circuit and contact intermediate part being rigidly combined with armature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electrical control devices, and in particular, to a contact device, an electromagnetic switch with a contact device, an on-board charger and a new energy vehicle.
  • Electromagnetic switches refer to electrical appliances that can frequently close, carry and break normal current and specified overload current. Its working principle is to use the current flowing through the coil to generate a magnetic field, so that the contacts are closed or disconnected, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the load. Electromagnetic switches usually include contactors and relays.
  • the moving contact in the electromagnetic switch When the moving contact in the electromagnetic switch is in contact with the static contact, the moving contact will be subject to the electric repulsion force generated by the current. Part of the electrodynamic repulsion is the Holm force generated by the contraction of the current flowing through the contact point between the moving contact and the static contact. The greater the current, the greater the generated Holm force. When the electric repulsion force of the moving contact is greater than the contact pressure on the moving contact, the moving contact is at risk of being repelled.
  • the short-circuit current of the system is continuously improved, which also means that the requirements for the ability of the electromagnetic switch to resist short-circuit current are getting higher and higher, so as to reduce the risk of the moving contacts being repelled.
  • the existing electromagnetic switch improves the ability of the electromagnetic switch to resist short-circuit current by increasing the contact pressure or the electrodynamic compensation device.
  • these structures are not enough to resist the electrodynamic repulsion generated by the large short-circuit current (for example, more than 10KA). It is easy to cause the moving contacts to be repelled and cause an explosion and fire, resulting in a safety accident.
  • the embodiments of the present application disclose a contact device, an electromagnetic switch, an on-board charger and a new energy vehicle capable of improving the ability to resist short-circuit current.
  • the present application provides a contact device for use in an electromagnetic switch, comprising a base body, two stationary contacts and a moving contact assembly, the base body has an inner cavity, and the two stationary contacts are fixed at intervals.
  • the moving contact assembly includes a pushing part and a moving contact, the pushing part is movably penetrated through the base body, and the moving contact is mounted on the pushing
  • the movable contact includes N parallel contact pieces, the N is an integer greater than 1, and the N parallel contact pieces are driven by the push component. can be in contact with or separated from the two static contacts.
  • the moving contacts When the moving and static contacts are closed and conduct current, the moving contacts will be subjected to the electric repulsion force generated by the current, part of which is the Holm force F h , ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum, R is the radius of the moving contact, and r is the radius of the contact area between the moving contact and the stationary contact (ie, the radius of the contact). It can be seen that as the current I increases, the Holm force F h increases.
  • a bridge-type double-breakpoint contact structure is adopted, the moving contact includes N contact pieces connected in parallel, and the current flowing through each contact piece 521 is 1% of the total current I of the moving contact 52.
  • the Holm force F′ h experienced by each contact piece is The holm force on the moving contact is greatly reduced, the possibility of the moving contact being repelled when it is subjected to short-circuit high current is reduced, the short-circuit tolerance of the contact device and the electromagnetic switch is improved, and the contact device is also improved. Safety and reliability with electromagnetic switches.
  • the moving contact includes N contact pieces in parallel, which reduces the Holm force of the moving contact, improves the short-circuit current resistance capability of the contact device, and is also beneficial to the miniaturization of the contact device.
  • the moving contact assembly further includes a connecting member and a contact elastic member, and each of the N parallel contact pieces is provided with a first sliding plate a hole, the connecting member slidably passes through the first sliding hole and is fixedly connected with the pushing member, and the contact elastic member is located between the N parallel contact pieces and the pushing member , the N parallel contact pieces can move toward or away from the static contact relative to the pushing member.
  • the contact elastic member is located between the N parallel contact pieces and the pushing member, and is used for providing elastic force to the contact pieces.
  • the contact elastic member ensures the contact pressure when the contact piece is in contact with the static contact, so that the contact piece and the static contact maintain good contact; on the other hand, it also buffers the moving contact to a certain extent.
  • the impact force between the two when the static contacts are in contact reduces the possibility of damage to the moving contacts and the static contacts, thereby prolonging the service life of the electromagnetic switch.
  • the pushing member includes a push rod, a spacer and a contact bracket, and the spacer
  • the contact piece is fixedly sleeved on one end of the push rod, the contact bracket is fixedly sleeved outside the isolator, the N parallel contact pieces pass through the contact bracket, and the connecting member is connected to the spacer.
  • the contact brackets are fixedly connected, the elastic piece is pressed against the spacer and the N parallel contact pieces, and the spacer is used to connect the push rod to the N parallel contact pieces. Electrical insulation is maintained between the contact pieces.
  • the moving contact and the static contact When the moving contact and the static contact are in contact and conduct, the moving contact and the static contact form a high-voltage circuit of the contact, and the isolator can effectively isolate the high-voltage circuit of the contact and other low-voltage parts in the electromagnetic switch, so that the When the electromagnetic switch switches high current and DC high voltage loads, the low voltage part of the electromagnetic switch will not be damaged by the influence of high current and high voltage, and prevent the safety problems caused by the breakdown between high and low voltage, that is, improve the safety of the contact device. Safety and reliability.
  • the moving contact assembly further includes a compensation structure, and the compensation structure It includes a moving magnet conducting body and a static conducting magnet body, the moving magnet conducting body is movably connected with the contact support, the static conducting magnet is fixed on the contact support and is located at a part of the contact piece away from the push rod.
  • a working air gap is formed between the static conducting magnet and the moving magnet conducting body, and the space between the moving magnet conducting body and the static conducting magnet body can flow through when the moving contact is in contact with the static contact The electric current generates an electromagnetic attraction force, so that the moving magnet conducting body moves towards the static conducting magnet body.
  • the moving magnetic conductor and two A side wall portion formed by bending and extending at the ends, the bottom wall portion and the side wall portion together form a slot, and the N parallel contact pieces pass through the slot, and the bottom wall portion is located in the slot.
  • the side wall portion is provided with a second sliding hole, the contact elastic member is penetrated through the bottom wall portion, and the connecting member is slidably penetrated through the bottom wall. In the second sliding hole, the movable magnetic conductor can move relative to the contact piece.
  • the moving magnet conducting body wraps the N parallel contact pieces, which facilitates the assembly of the moving magnet conducting body and the N parallel contact pieces. Since the moving magnetic conductor can move relative to the moving contact, the air gap distance that the working air gap can reduce is greater than the contact overtravel, which is beneficial to further reduce the air gap distance of the working air gap, thereby further improving the contact short-circuit current resistance of the head unit.
  • the compensation structure further includes an elastic member, the elastic member resists Between the bottom wall of the moving magnet conducting body and the N contact pieces, the moving magnet conducting body is helped to reset.
  • the compensation structure further includes a fixing bracket, and the fixing bracket is fixed on the On the contact bracket, the static conductive magnet is fixed on the fixed bracket, and the static conductive magnet is located between the fixed bracket and N parallel contact pieces.
  • the static conductive magnet is fixed on the contact bracket through the fixing bracket, which facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the static conductive magnet.
  • the contact piece is provided with a resisting sub-slot, and N parallel contacts are provided.
  • the resisting sub-slots of the head piece communicate with each other to form a resisting groove, and the contact elastic piece is resisted between the pushing member and the inner wall of the resisting groove.
  • the same contact elastic piece can interact with all
  • the contact pieces are all against each other, and the elastic force is provided to each contact piece through the same contact elastic piece, which ensures the contact pressure between each contact piece and the static contact, reduces the number of contact elastic pieces used, and simplifies the operation.
  • the structure of the contact assembly and the contact device is convenient for assembly and disassembly.
  • the spacer includes a connecting portion and a guiding portion, and the connecting portion a guide part is protruded from the side of the connecting part away from the push rod, and the elastic piece is sleeved on the guide part,
  • the guide portion is used to guide the movement of the contact elastic member relative to the contact support, so as to improve the contact stability between each contact piece and the static contact.
  • the connecting member includes a contact shaft and two retaining members, and the contact Each end of the shaft is provided with a card slot, the contact shaft passes through the first sliding hole and the contact bracket, the card slot is located on the outside of the contact bracket, and each clip is engaged in the corresponding card slot.
  • the clamping method fixes the contact shaft on the contact bracket, which is beneficial to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the movable contact assembly.
  • the present application also provides an electromagnetic switch, including a driving device and the above-mentioned contact device, one end of the base body away from the static contact is fixedly connected to the driving device, and the driving device is connected to the One end of the pushing member of the contact device away from the movable contact is connected to drive the pushing member to move.
  • the contact device adopts a bridge-type double-breakpoint contact structure. Since the moving contact includes N contact pieces in parallel, the holm force on each contact piece is greatly reduced, The possibility of the movable contact being repelled when subjected to a short-circuit high current is reduced, the short-circuit withstand capability of the contact device and the electromagnetic switch is improved, and the safety and reliability of the contact device and the electromagnetic switch are also improved.
  • the present application further provides an on-board charger, including the electromagnetic switch as described above.
  • the present application further provides a new energy vehicle, comprising the above-mentioned on-board charger and a battery pack, wherein the battery pack is used to store the power input by the on-board charger, and is also used for charging through the on-board charger.
  • the machine performs inverter discharge.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of a new energy vehicle provided by the application
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the electromagnetic switch provided by the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic switch shown in FIG. 2 along line A-A;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the force when the moving contact is in contact with the static contact
  • FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional assembly schematic diagram of the moving contact assembly of the electromagnetic switch shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective exploded schematic view of the moving contact assembly shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic switch provided by the second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic three-dimensional assembly diagram of the moving contact assembly shown in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a side view of the moving contact assembly shown in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view along line B-B of the movable contact assembly shown in FIG. 8 in a state;
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view along line B-B of the movable contact assembly shown in FIG. 8 in another state;
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a moving contact assembly in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the expression “and/or” includes any and all combinations of the associated listed words.
  • the expression “A and/or B” may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.
  • expressions including ordinal numbers such as "first” and “second” may modify various elements.
  • such elements are not limited by the above expression.
  • the above expressions do not limit the order and/or importance of the elements.
  • the above expressions are only used to distinguish one element from another.
  • the first user equipment and the second user equipment indicate different user equipments, although the first user equipment and the second user equipment are both user equipments.
  • a first element could be termed a second element
  • a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present application.
  • the present application provides an electromagnetic switch 100 , which is used in a new energy vehicle 500 .
  • the new energy vehicle 500 includes an on-board charger 501 and a battery pack 503 .
  • the battery pack 503 is used to store the power input by the on-board charger 501 , and is also used to perform inverter discharge through the on-board charger 501 .
  • the on-board charger 501 includes an electromagnetic switch 900 for controlling current on and off, isolating the high voltage of the power supply, etc., so as to ensure the normal operation of the load or prevent the risk of electric shock.
  • the new energy vehicle 500 may also include other necessary or unnecessary structures or modules, such as a drive system, a braking system, a battery management system, etc., which will not be repeated here; the on-board charger 501 may also include other necessary or Unnecessary structures or modules, such as interfaces, etc., are not described in detail here.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the electromagnetic switch according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • the electromagnetic switch 900 in the embodiment of the present application refers to an electrical appliance capable of frequently closing, carrying and disconnecting normal current and specified overload current. Its working principle is to use the current flowing through the coil to generate a magnetic field, so that the contacts are closed to achieve the purpose of controlling the load.
  • Electromagnetic switches usually include electromagnetic relays and contactors. In the embodiments of the present application, a DC contactor is used as an example for description.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic switch in FIG. 2 along the A-A direction.
  • the electromagnetic switch 900 includes a driving device 200 and a contact device 100 disposed on the driving device 200 .
  • the driving device 200 uses the electromagnetic field generated by the coil to drive the moving iron core to move to control the opening and closing of the contact device 100 .
  • the electromagnetic switch 900 in the present embodiment is a so-called normally open contactor whose contacts are open in an initial state. In other embodiments, the electromagnetic switch 900 may be a so-called normally closed contactor whose contacts are closed in an initial state.
  • the electromagnetic switch 900 shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 generally further includes a housing, for example, the contact device 100 and the driving device 200 are accommodated in a hollow square housing.
  • the electromagnetic switch 900 in the embodiment of the present application is a schematic diagram without a casing.
  • the driving device 200 includes a coil bobbin 21 , a coil 22 , a yoke 23 , a static iron core 24 , a movable iron core 25 , a sealing sleeve 26 and a reset elastic member 27 .
  • the bobbin 21 includes a hollow cylindrical body portion 211 , and both ends of the body portion 211 in the axial direction protrude in the radial direction to form circular flange portions 212 .
  • the axial direction refers to the direction of the central axis of rotation of the cylinder, that is, the direction parallel to the central axis.
  • the radial direction is perpendicular to the axial direction, that is, the radius or diameter direction of the cylinder end face circle.
  • the coil 22 is wound on the main body portion 211 on the bobbin 21 and is located between the two flange portions 212 at both ends of the main body portion 211 . It can be understood that both ends of the coil 22 are also connected with coil terminals (not shown).
  • the coil terminal can be made of conductive material such as copper, so that the coil 22 can be energized through the coil terminal to drive the driving device 200 .
  • the yoke 23 is made of a magnetic material and surrounds the bobbin 21 .
  • the yoke 23 is roughly in the shape of a "mouth", and includes an upper cover plate 231 , a side plate 232 and a bottom plate 233 that are connected in sequence.
  • the upper cover plate 231 , the side plate 231 and the bottom plate 233 are all rectangular plate-like structures, and the upper cover plate 231 and the bottom plate 233 correspond to the two flange portions 212 of the coil bobbin 21 respectively.
  • the bottom plate 233 and the side plate 232 can be integrally formed, that is, the bottom plate 233 and the pair of side plates 232 can be formed continuously by bending a single plate.
  • the bottom plate 233 of the yoke 23 is formed with an insertion hole 233a in which the sealing sleeve 26 is fitted.
  • the insertion hole 233a may be formed by punching, such that the punched part of the bottom plate 233 extends into the main body 211 of the bobbin 21 to form a peripheral wall of the insertion hole 233a.
  • the stationary iron core 24 and the movable iron core 25 are provided in the main body portion 211 along the axial direction of the main body portion 211 of the bobbin 21 .
  • the static iron core 24 is fixedly disposed at one end of the main body portion 211 and is close to the upper cover plate 231 .
  • the static iron core 24 is magnetized to generate suction, and the movable iron core 25 can move in a direction close to the static iron core 24 under the action of the suction force.
  • both the static iron core 24 and the movable iron core 25 are substantially cylindrical.
  • the sealing sleeve 26 is disposed in the bobbin 21 and surrounds the static iron core 24 and the movable iron core 25 .
  • the sealing sleeve 26 is made of non-magnetic conductive material and has an open end 261 .
  • An annular support surface 212a is formed on the flange portion 212 of the coil bobbin 21 close to the upper cover plate 231, and an abutting portion 261a is formed protruding from the opening end 261 of the sealing sleeve 26 in the radial direction.
  • the supporting surface 212a is used to support the fixed abutting portion 261a, thereby preventing the sealing sleeve 26 from falling off.
  • the outer diameters of the static iron core 24 and the movable iron core 25 are substantially the same as the inner diameter of the sealing sleeve 26 .
  • the static iron core 24 is provided on the opening side of the sealing sleeve 26 , and the movable iron core 25 moves in the sealing sleeve 26 . It can be understood that the moving range of the movable iron core 25 is from the end face of the static iron core 24 away from the open end 261 to the space where the sealing sleeve 26 is away from the upper cover plate 231 .
  • an insertion hole 231 a through which the static iron core 24 passes is formed in a substantially central position of the upper cover plate 231 , and the inner diameter of the insertion hole 231 a is smaller than that of the sealing sleeve 26 .
  • a middle portion of one end of the stationary iron core 24 away from the movable iron core 25 protrudes along the axial direction of the stationary iron core 24 to form a plug-in portion 243 .
  • the inserting portion 243 is installed in the inserting hole 231 a , so as to realize the fixing and installation of the static iron core 24 . It can be understood that the insertion hole 241 of the static iron core 24 penetrates through the insertion portion 243 for inserting the contact device 100 .
  • the reset elastic member 27 is sandwiched between the static iron core 24 and the movable iron core 25 .
  • the reset elastic member 27 is used to apply a driving force opposite to the direction of the suction force generated by the static iron core 24 to the moving iron core 25, so that when the coil 22 is powered off, the moving iron core 25 can be driven to return to the initial position, that is, the driving force
  • the iron core 25 is moved to the end of the sealing sleeve 26 away from the contact device 100 .
  • the entire circumference of the middle portion of the insertion hole 241 of the static iron core 24 is provided with a first abutting portion 242 that protrudes toward the center side to reduce the diameter of the insertion hole 241 .
  • the entire circumference of the bottom of the insertion hole 251 of the movable iron core 25 is provided with a second abutting portion 252 that protrudes toward the center side to reduce the diameter of the insertion hole 251 .
  • One end of the reset elastic member 27 abuts against the first abutting portion 242
  • the other end of the reset elastic member 27 abuts against the second abutting portion 252 .
  • the contact device 100 includes a base body 10 , two stationary contacts 30 and a movable contact assembly 50 .
  • the base body 10 is in the shape of a box with one end open, and the open side is disposed on the upper cover 231 of the driving device 200 .
  • the base body 10 has an inner cavity 101 .
  • the top of the base body 10 away from the opening is provided with two through holes 11 at intervals, and the two static contacts 30 are respectively fixed to the base body 10 through the corresponding through holes 11 and protrude into the inner cavity 101 .
  • the base body 10 is made of a heat-resistant material (eg, ceramic).
  • the stationary contact 30 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is made of a conductive material such as a copper-based material.
  • the movable contact assembly 50 is located in the base body 10 and one end is mounted on the driving device 200 , so that the movable contact assembly 50 can contact or separate from the two stationary contacts 30 under the driving of the driving device 200 .
  • the moving contact assembly 50 includes a pushing member 51 , a moving contact 52 , a connecting member 53 and a contact elastic member 55 .
  • One end of the pushing member 51 is located in the base body 10 and the other end is mounted on the movable iron core 25 , and then driven by the movable iron core 25 , the pushing member 51 can move in the base body 10 .
  • the movable contact 52 is movably mounted on the pushing member 51 through the connecting member 53 , and is used to contact or separate from the stationary contact 30 under the pushing action of the pushing member 51 .
  • the contact elastic member 55 is sandwiched between the movable contact 52 and the pushing member 51 for providing elastic force to the movable contact 52 .
  • the contact elastic member 55 ensures sufficient contact pressure between the movable contact 52 and the stationary contact 51; on the other hand, the contact elastic member 55 buffers the movable contact 52 and the stationary contact to a certain extent When the 30 contacts, the impact force between the two reduces the possibility of damage to the movable contact 52 and the static contact 30, thereby prolonging the service life of the electromagnetic switch 900.
  • the contact elastic member 55 is a compression spring. It can be understood that the contact elastic member 55 can also be an elastic structure such as a metal spring.
  • the movable contact 52 and the stationary contact 30 are separated from each other, and when the movable iron core 25 is in a position in contact with the stationary iron core 24 , the movable contact 52 and the stationary contact are separated from each other.
  • the positional relationship between the movable iron core 25 and the movable contact 52 is set in the manner of 30 contact.
  • the contact device 100 is disconnected, the two stationary contacts 30 are disconnected at this time, and the movable contact 52 and the stationary contact 30 are separated from each other; during the period when the coil 22 is energized, The movable contact 52 is in contact with the stationary contact 30 , the contact device 100 is turned on, and at this time, the two stationary contacts 30 are electrically connected.
  • the contact device 100 adopts a bridge-type double-breakpoint contact structure.
  • the two stationary contacts 30 are disposed at an end of the base body 10 away from the driving device 200 along the first direction at intervals.
  • the bridge-type double-breakpoint contact structure when the moving contact is in contact with the two static contacts, that is, when the moving and static contacts are closed to conduct current, the moving contact will be subject to the electric repulsion generated by the current.
  • the electrodynamic repulsion is composed of two parts: one is the Loren magnetic force FL generated by the current flowing through the static contact to the current of the moving contact; the other is the contact of the current between the moving and static contacts Holm force F h due to contraction at point.
  • the Holm force F h is proportional to the square of the current I, that is, the greater the current, the greater the generated Holm force F h , as shown in formula (1).
  • F h is the Holm force experienced by the moving contact with a single contact piece structure
  • ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability in vacuum
  • R is the radius of the moving contact
  • r is the contact area between the moving contact and the static contact Radius (i.e. contact radius).
  • the movable contact 52 includes N contact pieces 521 connected in parallel, wherein N is an integer greater than 1, and N contacts connected in parallel
  • the sheet 521 can be brought into contact with or separated from the two stationary contacts 30 under the driving of the pushing member 51.
  • FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 in conjunction with FIG. 5, wherein FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional assembly schematic diagram of the moving contact assembly of the electromagnetic switch in FIG. 3. ; Figure 6 is a perspective exploded schematic view of the moving contact assembly in Figure 5. In this embodiment, the value of N is 2.
  • the movable contact 52 includes N contact pieces 521 in parallel, that is, the movable contact 52 includes N contact pieces.
  • the total current flowing through the moving contact 52 be I
  • the current flowing through each contact piece 521 is the total current I of the moving contact 52
  • the Holm force F′ h on each contact piece 521 can be obtained as In this way, the Holm force on the movable contact 52 is reduced, and the possibility of the movable contact 52 being repelled when subjected to a large short-circuit current is reduced, thereby improving the short-circuit withstand capability of the contact device 100 and the electromagnetic switch 900 .
  • the contact pieces 521 extend along the first direction (that is, the length direction of the contact pieces 521 is the first direction, such as the X direction shown in FIG. 5 ), and the N contact pieces 521 extend along the second direction (eg The Y direction shown in FIG. 5 ) is arranged and contacted to realize the parallel connection of N contact pieces 521 , and the pushing member 51 can drive the N parallel contact pieces 521 along the third direction (as shown in FIG. 5 ) under the driving of the driving device 200 . Any two of the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, so that the N parallel contact pieces 521 are in contact with or separated from the two stationary contacts 30 .
  • first direction is not limited to be perpendicular to the second direction
  • second direction is not limited to be perpendicular to the third direction
  • third direction is not limited to be perpendicular to the first direction.
  • N contact pieces 521 can also be connected in parallel by means of wire connection, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the N parallel contact pieces 521 are each provided with a first sliding hole 5211 , and the connecting member 53 slides through the first sliding hole 5211 , so that the contact piece 521 can move relative to the pushing member 51 in a third direction.
  • the first sliding hole 5211 is a waist-shaped hole extending along the third direction.
  • the movable stroke of the movable contact 52 in the third direction is the contact overtravel.
  • the extension length of the first sliding hole 5211 in the third direction defines the contact overtravel of the movable contact 521 .
  • An end of the contact piece 521 close to the driving device 200 is provided with a resisting sub-slot 5213, and the resisting sub-slots 5213 of the N parallel contact pieces 521 communicate with each other to form a resisting slot 5215.
  • the contact elastic member 55 is pressed between the pushing member 51 and the inner wall of the abutting groove 5215 . In this way, the same contact elastic piece 55 can abut against all the contact pieces 521 , and the same contact elastic piece 55 provides elastic force to each contact piece 521 to ensure that each contact piece 521 and the static contact 30
  • the contact pressure between them reduces the number of the contact elastic members 55 used, simplifies the structure of the movable contact assembly 50 and the contact device 100, and facilitates assembly and disassembly.
  • the contact piece 521 is pressed by the static contact 30, and can move along the first sliding hole 5211 in a direction away from the static contact 30, preventing the contact piece 521 and the static contact 30 hit hard and cause damage.
  • the contact elastic member 55 can ensure the contact pressure between the contact piece 521 and the static contact 30 .
  • the number of the first sliding hole 5211 is one, the first sliding hole 5211 is located approximately in the middle of the contact piece 521 , and the number of the resisting sub-slots 5213 on the contact piece 521 is two, and the two resist The holding sub-slots 5213 are arranged at intervals along the first direction, and the first sliding hole 5211 is located between the two resisting sub-slots 5213; the number of the contact elastic members 55 is two, and the two contact elastic members 55 abut against the two contact elastic members 55.
  • the sub-slots 5213 are in one-to-one correspondence, so that the elastic forces received by each part of the N parallel contact pieces 521 are relatively balanced.
  • the number of the abutting sub-slots 5215 , the number of the first sliding holes 5211 , the number of the connecting parts 53 , and the number of the contact elastic members 55 on the contact piece 521 are not limited.
  • the number of the resisting sub-slots 5215 is one, the number of the first sliding holes 5211 on the contact piece 521 is two, the resisting sub-slot 5215 is located between the two first sliding holes 5211, the two connecting parts 53 and the two
  • the first sliding holes 5211 are in one-to-one correspondence, and the contact elastic member 55 is pressed between the pushing member 51 and the inner wall of the abutting sub-slot 5215 .
  • the manner in which the contact piece 521 is provided on the contact elastic member 55 is not limited, and the resisting sub-slot 5215 can also be omitted. 55 is sleeved on the convex column.
  • the pushing member 51 includes a push rod 511 , a spacer 513 and a contact bracket 515 .
  • the push rod 511 is movably passed through the insertion hole 241 of the static iron core 24 , and one end of the push rod 511 is fixed in the insertion hole 251 of the movable iron core 25 .
  • the spacer 513 is fixedly sleeved on one end of the push rod 511 away from the movable iron core 25 .
  • the spacer 513 is made of an electrically insulating material, and is used to maintain good electrical insulation between the push rod 511 and the N contact pieces 521 connected in parallel.
  • the contact bracket 515 is fixedly sleeved outside the spacer 515 for supporting N contact pieces 521 connected in parallel. N parallel contact pieces 521 pass through the contact bracket 515 .
  • the connecting member 53 is in fixed contact with the contact bracket 515 , and the contact elastic member 55 is pressed between the isolation member 513 and the N contact pieces 521 connected in parallel.
  • the coil 22 When the moving contact 52 is in contact with the static contact 30, the coil 22 is charged with low voltage, and the moving contact 52 and the static contact 30 form a high-voltage contact circuit.
  • the isolation member 513 maintains good electrical insulation, and the high-voltage circuit of the contact is completely isolated from the low-voltage coil 22, so that when the electromagnetic switch 900 switches a large current, DC high-voltage load, the low-voltage coil 22 of the electromagnetic switch 900 will not Damage caused by the influence of high current and high voltage prevents the safety problem caused by breakdown between high and low voltage, that is, improves the safety and reliability of the contact device 100 and the electromagnetic switch 900 .
  • the spacer 513 includes a connecting portion 5131 and a guiding portion 5135 .
  • the connecting portion 5131 is fixedly sleeved on one end of the push rod 511 and is fixedly penetrated through the contact bracket 515 , so as to realize the fixed connection between the push rod 511 and the contact bracket 515 .
  • the guide portion 5135 is protruded on the side of the connecting portion 5131 away from the first connecting portion 5131 , and the contact elastic member 55 is sleeved on the guide portion 5135 .
  • the guide portion 5135 is used to guide the movement of the contact elastic member 55 to improve the contact stability between each contact piece 521 and the static contact 30 . It can be understood that the structure of the spacer 513 is not limited.
  • the guide portion 5135 may be omitted from the spacer 513 , and the spacer 513 can electrically isolate the push rod 511 from the movable contact 52 .
  • the spacer 513 is made of plastic
  • the push rod 511 and the contact bracket 515 are connected with the spacer 513 made of plastic by injection molding or other methods to form the push part 51 , and are isolated from each other by the plastic spacer 513 .
  • the spacer 513 is not limited to be made of plastic, it can also be made of other insulating materials, nor is it limited to fixedly connect the spacer 513 , the push rod 511 and the contact bracket 515 through an injection molding process.
  • the contact bracket 515 is generally a U-shaped frame.
  • the contact bracket 515 includes a bottom wall portion 5150 and side wall portions 5151 formed by bending and extending from both ends of the bottom wall portion 5150 .
  • the bottom wall portion 5150 and the side wall portion 5150 define a receiving groove 5153 .
  • the connecting portion 5131 of the accommodating groove spacer 513 passes through the bottom wall portion 5150 .
  • the side wall portion 5151 is provided with a mounting hole 5155 , and the connecting member 53 is fixedly connected to the receiving groove fixing hole 5155 .
  • the N parallel sub-contacts 521 of the accommodating grooves pass through the accommodating grooves 5153 .
  • the contact elastic members 55 are accommodated in the accommodating grooves 5153 .
  • the structure of the contact bracket 515 is simple, which facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the contact piece 521 and the contact bracket 515 . It can be understood that the structure of the contact bracket 515 is not limited.
  • the contact bracket 515 can omit the receiving slot 5151 , and the contact bracket 515 can carry N parallel contact pieces 521 of the movable contact 52 .
  • the connecting member 53 includes a contact shaft 531 and two retaining members 533 . Each end of the contact shaft 531 is provided with a slot 5311 .
  • the accommodating groove contact shaft 531 passes through the accommodating groove mounting hole 5155 and the first sliding hole 5211 .
  • the slot 5311 exposes the mounting hole 5155 and is located outside the contact bracket 515 .
  • the retaining member 533 is retained in the retaining slot 5311 for preventing the contact shaft 531 from being separated from the contact bracket 515 , so as to fix the contact shaft 531 on the contact bracket 515 .
  • the contact shaft 531 is fixed on the contact bracket 515 by clamping, which is beneficial to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the movable contact assembly 50 .
  • the number of the connecting parts 53 can be two or more, the number of the mounting holes 5155 on the side wall of the receiving groove 5151 corresponds to the number of the connecting parts 53 , and the number of the first sliding holes 5211 corresponds to the number of the connecting parts 53 ; It is not limited that the connecting member 53 includes the contact shaft 531 and two retaining members 533, that is, it is not limited that the connecting member 53 is installed on the contact bracket 515 by way of clamping.
  • the spacer 513 is sleeved on the end of the push rod 511 away from the moving iron core 25 , the contact bracket 515 is fixedly sleeved on the spacer 513 , and the contact elastic member 55 is sleeved on the guide
  • the contact shaft 531 is passed through the mounting hole 5155 of the contact bracket 515 and the first sliding hole 5211 of each contact piece 521, and the end of the contact elastic member 55 facing away from the spacer 513 is inserted into the abutting groove 5215 , the holder 533 is inserted into the slot 5311 to complete the assembly of the movable contact assembly 50 .
  • the above-mentioned assembly sequence of the moving contact assembly 50 is only exemplary, and does not constitute a limitation to the present application.
  • the moving contact 52 includes N contact pieces 521 connected in parallel. Since the Holm force on a single contact piece 521 is very small, the Holm force on the moving contact 52 is very small, thus reducing the possibility of the moving contact 52 being repelled, which is beneficial to improve the performance of the electromagnetic switch 900 Safety and reliability.
  • the sealing sleeve 26 , the upper cover plate 231 and the base body 10 form a common sealing chamber.
  • a contact device applied to an electromagnetic switch includes a base, two A static contact and a moving contact assembly, the base body has an inner cavity, the two static contacts are fixed at one end of the base body at intervals and protrude into the inner cavity of the base body, and the moving contact assembly includes a pushing part and the movable contact, the push member is movably penetrated through the base body, the movable contact is mounted on the push member and located in the inner cavity of the base body, and the movable contact includes N parallel contacts sheet, the N is an integer greater than 1, and the N parallel contact sheets can be brought into contact with or separated from the two static contacts under the driving of the pushing member.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic switch according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • the moving contact assembly further includes a compensation structure 57 for generating an electromagnetic force that offsets part of the electrodynamic repulsion received by the moving contact 52, thereby further improving the short-circuit resistance of the electromagnetic switch.
  • the compensation structure 57 includes a moving magnetic conducting body 571 , a fixing bracket 572 and a static conducting magnet 573 .
  • the movable magnetic conductor 571 is slidably sleeved on the contact shaft 531 of the connecting member 53 and accommodated in the contact bracket 515 .
  • the fixing bracket 572 is fixed on the contact bracket 515 and is located on the side of the contact piece 521 away from the push rod 511 .
  • the fixing bracket 572 is made of a non-magnetic material.
  • the static conductive magnet 573 is fixed on the fixing bracket 572 and is located between the N parallel contact pieces 521 and the fixing bracket 572 .
  • a working air gap 501 is formed between the static conducting magnet 573 and the moving magnet conducting body 571 .
  • the contact elastic member 55 penetrates through the movable magnetic conductor 571 and is pressed between the contact piece 521 and the isolation member 513 .
  • FIG. 10 is a state diagram when the contact piece 521 of the movable contact 52 is not in contact with the stationary contact (omitted in FIG. 10 ), and the contact piece 521 and the moving magnetic conductor 571 are in the initial position.
  • FIG. 11 is a state diagram when the contact piece 521 of the movable contact 52 is in contact with the stationary contact (omitted in FIG. 11).
  • the The pressure of the static contact moves toward the direction of the push rod 511 .
  • a short-circuit current flows when the movable contact 52 is in contact with the two stationary contacts 30, an electromagnetic force is generated that makes the static conductive magnet 573 and the movable magnetic conductive body 572 attract each other based on the current, thereby causing the static conductive magnet 54 to interact with the dynamic conductive body 54.
  • the magnetic conductors 55 attract each other and cancel part of the electrodynamic repulsion that the movable contact 52 receives.
  • the short-circuit current when a short-circuit current is generated, the short-circuit current will generate an electromagnetic attraction force F in the electromagnetic circuit formed by the static conducting magnet and the moving magnet conducting body (for example, the dashed frame shown in FIG. 7 ).
  • the magnitude of the electromagnetic attraction force F is the square of the current, the working gas
  • the air gap area S of the gap is proportional to the air gap and inversely proportional to the square of the air gap distance ⁇ of the working air gap.
  • the suction force between the magnetic conductors can be increased by increasing the air gap area between the working air gaps or reducing the air gap distance of the working air gaps.
  • the air gap distance of the working gap 501 becomes smaller, and the electromagnetic attraction force F becomes larger, thereby offsetting part of the Holm force on the moving contact 52 .
  • the movable contact structure of the N parallel secondary contacts 521 combined with the compensation structure 57 greatly improves the short-circuit withstand capability of the contact device 100 and the electromagnetic switch 900 .
  • the moving magnet 571 has a substantially U-shaped structure.
  • the moving magnet 571 includes a bottom wall portion 5710 and side wall portions 5711 formed by bending and extending from both ends of the bottom wall portion 5710 .
  • the bottom wall portion 5710 and the side wall portions 5711 together form a slot 5713 .
  • the N parallel contact pieces 521 pass through the slot 5713 , that is, the moving magnetic conductor 571 wraps the N parallel contact pieces 521 , which facilitates the assembly of the moving magnetic conductor 571 and the N parallel contact pieces 521 .
  • the side wall of the side wall portion 5711 is provided with a second sliding hole 5717 , and the contact shaft 531 is slidably penetrated through the second sliding hole 5717 .
  • the stroke that the contact piece 521 can move in the third direction is the contact overtravel. Since the moving magnet 571 can move relative to the moving contact 52, the air gap distance that the working air gap 501 can reduce is greater than the contact overtravel, which is beneficial to further reduce the air gap distance of the working air gap 501, thereby further improving the contact device resistance to short-circuit current.
  • the movable magnetic conductor 571 wraps the contact piece 521 and is installed together with the contact piece 521 through the contact shaft 531. The movable magnetic conductor 571 can move up and down when subjected to electromagnetic force to adjust the working gas between the movable magnetic conductor 573 and the static conductive magnet 573. gap 501.
  • a compensation structure 57 is added to the contact device, and the electromagnetic attraction force generated by the moving magnet 571 offsets part of the electric repulsion force of the contact.
  • the working air gap of the compensation structure 57 can be adjusted automatically. Because the working air gap can reduce the air gap distance is greater than the contact superposition. The compensation force is greater than that provided by the existing contact device.
  • the movable magnetic conductor 571 is not limited to be slidably sleeved on the connecting member 53 , and the movable magnetic conductor 571 can be fixed with the contact piece 521 , that is, the movable magnetic conductor 571 and the contact piece 521 form a movement relative to the contact bracket 515 .
  • a movable part such that the working air gap can be reduced by an air gap distance equal to the contact overtravel.
  • the compensation structure includes a moving magnet conducting body and a static conducting magnet body, the moving magnet conducting body is slidably sleeved on the contact support, the static conducting magnet is fixed on the contact support and located on the contact On the side of the head piece facing away from the push rod, a working air gap is formed between the static conducting magnet and the moving magnet conducting body, and a working air gap can be formed between the moving magnet conducting body and the static conducting magnet Electromagnetic attraction is generated by the current flowing through the static contacts when they are in contact, so that the moving magnet conducting body moves toward the static conducting magnet body.
  • the compensation structure further includes an elastic member 577 , the elastic member 577 is pressed between the bottom wall 5710 of the movable magnetic conductor 571 and the contact piece 521 for resetting the movable magnetic conductor 571 .

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Abstract

一种触头装置、电磁开关、车载充电机及新能源汽车。触头装置（100）包括基体（10）、两个静触头（30）及动触头组件（50），所述基体（10）具内腔（101），两个所述静触头（30）间隔固定于所述基体（10）上并伸入所述基体（10）的内腔（101），所述动触头组件（50）包括推动部件（51）与动触头（52），所述推动部件（51）活动穿设于所述基体（10），所述动触头（52）安装于所述推动部件（51）上并位于所述基体（10）的内腔（101），所述推动部件（51）用于带动所述动触头（52）运动，以实现所述动触头（52）与两个所述静触头（30）接触或分离，其中，所述动触头（52）包括N个并联的触头片（521），所述N为大于1的整数。如此，降低了动触头（52）经受短路大电流时被斥开的可能性，提高了触头装置与电磁开关的短路耐受能力。

Description

触头装置、电磁开关、车载充电机及新能源汽车 技术领域
本申请涉及电控制器件技术领域，尤其涉及一种触头装置、具触头装置的电磁开关、车载充电机及新能源汽车。
背景技术
电磁开关是指能够频繁关合、承载和开断正常电流及规定的过载电流的电器。它的工作原理是利用线圈流过电流产生磁场，使触头闭合或者断开，以达到控制负载的目的。电磁开关通常包括接触器和继电器。
电磁开关中的动触头与静触头接触时，动触头会受到电流产生的电动斥力。电动斥力的其中一部分为电流在流经动触头与静触头之间的接触点时收缩产生的霍姆力，电流越大，产生的霍姆力则越大，如此，当动触头受到的电动斥力大于动触头受到的触头压力时，动触头有被斥开的风险。
在新能源汽车等领域中，系统的短路电流不断的被提高，这也意味着对电磁开关的抗短路电流的能力要求也越来越高，以减小动触头被斥开的风险。现有的电磁开关通过增加触头压力或电动力补偿装置等设计来提高电磁开关的抗短路电流的能力，然而该等结构还不足以抵抗大短路电流(例如10KA以上)产生的电动斥力，这将易导致动触头被斥开而引起爆炸起火，引发安全事故。
发明内容
本申请实施例公开了一种能够提高抗短路电流能力的触头装置、电磁开关、车载充电机和新能源汽车。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种触头装置，应用于电磁开关，包括基体、两个静触头及动触头组件，所述基体具内腔，两个所述静触头间隔固定于所述基体上并伸入所述基体的内腔，所述动触头组件包括推动部件与动触头，所述推动部件活动穿设于所述基体，所述动触头安装于所述推动部件上并位于所述基体的内腔，所述动触头包括N个并联的触头片，所述N为大于1的整数，N个并联的所述触头片在所述推动部件的带动下，能够与两个所述静触头接触或分离。
动静触头闭合导通电流时，动触头会受到电流产生的电动斥力，其中一部分电动斥力为霍姆力F h，
Figure PCTCN2020106111-appb-000001
其中，μ 0为真空中的磁导率，R为动触头半径，r为动触头与静触头接触区域的半径(即触点半径)。可见，随着电流I增大，霍姆力F h增大。
本申请提供的触头装置中，采用桥式双断点触点结构，动触头包括N个并联的触头片，流经每个触头片521的电流为动触头52总电流I的
Figure PCTCN2020106111-appb-000002
每个触头片受到的霍姆力F′ h为
Figure PCTCN2020106111-appb-000003
大大降低了动触头所受到的霍姆力，降低了动触头经受短路大电流时被斥开的可能性，提 高了触头装置与电磁开关的短路耐受能力，亦提高了触头装置与电磁开关的安全可靠性。
而传统技术中的电动力补偿装置，在短路电流较大时，磁体亦出现饱和现象，导致电磁吸力不再随短路电流增加而增加，影响触头装置的短耐受能力。而本申请中动触头包括N个并联的触头片，减小动触头的霍姆力，在提高触头装置的抗短路电流能力的同时亦有利于触头装置的小型化。
根据第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述动触头组件还包括连接部件及触头弹性件，N个并联的所述触头片均设有第一滑行孔，所述连接部件滑动地穿设于所述第一滑行孔并与所述推动部件固定相接，所述触头弹性件位于所述N个并联的触头片与所述推动部件之间，N个并联的所述触头片能够相对所述推动部件作朝向或远离所述静触头的运动。
触头弹性件位于N个并联的触头片与推动部件之间，用于向触头片提供弹性作用力。一方面，触头弹性件确保触头片与静触头接触时的接触压力，使触头片与静触头接触时保持良好地接触；另一方面，亦在一定程度上缓冲动触头与静触头接触时两者之间的冲击力，减小动触头与静触头的受损的可能性，从而延长电磁开关的使用寿命。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述推动部件包括推杆、隔离件与触头支架，所述隔离件固定套设于所述推杆的一端，所述触头支架固定套设于所述隔离件外，N个并联的所述触头片穿设于所述触头支架，所述连接部件与所述触头支架固定相接，所述弹性件抵持于所述隔离件与N个并联的所述触头片之间，所述隔离件用于使所述推杆与N个并联的所述触头片之间保持电性绝缘。
动触头与静触头接触导通时，动触头与静触头构成触头高压回路，而隔离件能够有效隔离触头高压回路与电磁开关中的其他低压部分，使得具触头装置的电磁开关在切换大电流、直流高压负载时，电磁开关的低压部分不会受到大电流、高电压的影响而造成损害，防止高低压之间击穿带来的安全问题，即提高触头装置的安全可靠性。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第二种可能的实现方式中，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述动触头组件还包括补偿结构，所述补偿结构包括动导磁体及静导磁体，所述动导磁体与所述触头支架活动连接，所述静导磁体固定于所述触头支架上并位于所述触头片背离所述推杆的一侧，所述静导磁体与所述动导磁体之间形成工作气隙，所述动导磁体与所述静导磁体之间能够基于所述动触头与所述静触头接触时流经的电流而产生电磁吸力，使得所述动导磁体朝向所述静导磁体运动。
当动、静触头接通电流时，静导磁体与动导磁体之间会产生电磁吸力，电磁吸力大小与电流的平方、工作气隙的气隙面积成正比，且与工作气隙的气隙距离平方成反比。所述动导磁体朝向所述静导磁体运动时，工作气隙的气隙距离变小，则电磁吸力会变大，抵消了部分动触头上的霍姆力。N个并联的触头片的动触头结构结合补偿结构，大大提高了触头装置与电磁开关的短耐受能力。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第三种可能的实现方式中，在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述动导磁体及和从所述底壁部的两端弯折延伸形成的侧壁部，所述底壁部与所述侧壁部共同围成开槽，N个并联的所述触头片穿设于所述开槽，所述底壁部位 于所述触头片与所述隔离件之间，所述侧壁部开设有第二滑行孔，所述触头弹性件穿设于所述底壁部，所述连接部件滑动地穿设于所述第二滑行孔，所述动导磁体能够相对所述触头片运动。所述动导磁体包裹N个并联的触头片，方便动导磁体与N个并联的触头片的组装。由于所述动导磁体能够相对动触头运动，所述工作气隙能够减小的气隙距离大于触头超程，有利于进一步减小工作气隙的气隙距离，从而进一步提高所述触头装置的抗短路电流能力。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第四种可能的实现方式中，在第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述补偿结构还包括弹性件，所述弹性件抵持于所述动导磁体的底壁部与N个所述触头片之间，帮助所述动导磁体复位。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第五种可能的实现方式中，在第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，所述补偿结构还包括固定支架，所述固定支架固定于所述触头支架上，所述静导磁体固定于所述固定支架上，所述静导磁体位于所述固定支架与N个并联的所述触头片之间。静导磁体通过固定支架固定于触头支架上，方便了静导磁体的组装及拆卸。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，所述触头片上设有抵持子槽，N个并联的所述触头片的抵持子槽相互连通形成抵持槽，所述触头弹性件抵持于所述推动部件与所述抵持槽的内壁之间，如此，同个触头弹性件能够与所有的触头片均抵持，通过同个触头弹性件向各个触头片提供弹性力，确保各触头片与静触头之间的接触压力，减少触头弹性件的使用数量，简化了动触头组件及触头装置的结构，方便组装与拆卸。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第七种可能的实现方式中，在第一方面的第八种可能的实现方式中，所述隔离件包括连接部及导向部，所述连接部固定套设于所述推杆的一端并固定穿设于所述触头支架，所述连接部背离所述推杆一侧凸设导向部，所述弹性件套设于所述导向部上，所述导向部用于对触头弹性件相对触头支架的运动进行导向，提高各触头片与静触头接触稳定性。
根据第一方面或第一方面的第一至第八种可能的实现方式中，在第一方面的第九种可能的实现方式中，连接部件包括触头轴及两个卡持件，触头轴的每个端部上设有卡槽，触头轴穿设于第一滑行孔及触头支架，卡槽位于触头支架外侧，每个卡持件卡合于对应的卡槽内，通过卡持方式将触头轴固定于触头支架上，有利于方便动触头组件的组装及拆卸。
第二方面，本申请还提供一种电磁开关，包括驱动装置及如上所述的触头装置，所述基体远离所述静触头的一端与所述驱动装置固定连接，所述驱动装置与所述触头装置的推动部件远离所述动触头的一端连接，用于驱动所述推动部件运动。
第二方面提供的电磁开关，其触头装置采用桥式双断点触点结构，由于动触头包括N个并联的触头片，大大降低了每个触头片所受到的霍姆力，降低了动触头经受短路大电流时被斥开的可能性，提高了触头装置与电磁开关的短路耐受能力，亦提高了触头装置与电磁开关的安全可靠性。
第三方面，本申请还提供一种车载充电机，包括如上所述的电磁开关。
第四方面，本申请还提供一种新能源汽车，包括如上所述的车载充电机和电池包，所述电池包用于存储所述车载充电机输入的电量，还用于通过所述车载充电机进行逆变放电。
附图说明
图1为本申请提供的新能源汽车的结构框图；
图2为本申请第一实施方式提供的电磁开关的俯视图；
图3为图2所示的电磁开关沿线A-A的剖视图；
图4为动触头与静触头接触时的受力示意图；
图5为图3所示的电磁开关的动触头组件的立体组装示意图；
图6为图3所示的动触头组件的立体分解示意图；
图7为本申请第二实施方式提供的电磁开关的剖视图；
图8为图7所示的动触头组件的立体组装示意图；
图9为图7所示的动触头组件的侧视图；
图10为沿图8所示的动触头组件在一状态时沿线B-B的剖视图；
图11为沿图8所示的动触头组件在另一状态时沿线B-B的剖视图；
图12为本申请一实施方式中的动触头组件的剖视图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
应当理解的是，可以在本申请中使用的诸如“包括”以及“可以包括”之类的表述表示所公开的功能、操作或构成要素的存在性，并且并不限制一个或多个附加功能、操作和构成要素。在本申请中，诸如“包括”和/或“具有”之类的术语可解释为表示特定特性、数目、操作、构成要素、组件或它们的组合，但是不可解释为将一个或多个其它特性、数目、操作、构成要素、组件或它们的组合的存在性或添加可能性排除在外。
此外，在本申请中，表述“和/或”包括关联列出的词语中的任意和所有组合。例如，表述“A和/或B”可以包括A，可以包括B，或者可以包括A和B这二者。
在本申请中，包含诸如“第一”和“第二”等的序数在内的表述可以修饰各要素。然而，这种要素不被上述表述限制。例如，上述表述并不限制要素的顺序和/或重要性。上述表述仅用于将一个要素与其它要素进行区分。例如，第一用户设备和第二用户设备指示不同的用户设备，尽管第一用户设备和第二用户设备都是用户设备。类似地，在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，第一要素可以被称为第二要素，类似地，第二要素也可以被称为第一要素。
当组件被称作“连接”或“接入”其他组件时，应当理解的是：该组件不仅直接连接到或接入到其他组件，而且在该组件和其它组件之间还可以存在另一组件。另一方面，当组件被称作“直接连接”或“直接接入”其他组件的情况下，应该理解它们之间不存在组件。
请参阅图1，本申请提供一种电磁开关100，应用于新能源汽车500中。新能源汽车500包括车载充电机501和电池包503，电池包503用于存储车载充电机501输入的电量，还用于通过车载充电机501进行逆变放电。车载充电机501包括电磁开关900，用于控制 电流通断、隔离电源高压等，从而确保负载正常工作或防止触电风险。可以理解，新能源汽车500还可以包括其他必要或非必要的结构或模块，例如，驱动系统、制动系统、电池管理系统等等，在此不作赘述；车载充电机501还可以包括其他必要或非必要的结构或模块，例如，接口等，在此不作赘述。
以下对本申请的实施例中的电磁开关进行进一步描述。
请参阅图2，为本申请第一实施方式提供的电磁开关的俯视图。本申请实施例中的电磁开关900是指能够频繁关合、承载和断开正常电流及规定过载电流的电器。它的工作原理是利用线圈流过电流产生磁场，使触头闭合，以达到控制负载的目的。电磁开关通常包括电磁继电器和接触器。本申请实施例中以直流接触器为例进行说明。
请参阅图3，图3为图2中电磁开关沿A-A方向的剖视图，电磁开关900包括驱动装置200和设置于驱动装置200上的触头装置100。驱动装置200利用线圈产生的电磁场驱动动铁芯运动以控制触头装置100的开启和闭合。本实施方式中的电磁开关900是在初始状态下为触点断开的所谓常开型的接触器。其他实施方式中，电磁开关900也可以是在初始状态下为触点接通的所谓常闭型的接触器。
可以理解，图2与图3中所示的电磁开关900通常还包括外壳，例如触头装置100和驱动装置200收容于一中空的方形外壳内。而本申请实施例中的电磁开关900则为省去了外壳的示意图。
驱动装置200包括线圈骨架21、线圈22、轭铁23、静铁芯24、动铁芯25、密封套筒26及复位弹性件27。具体地，线圈骨架21包括呈中空圆筒状的主体部211，主体部211沿其轴向方向的两端向径向方向凸伸形成圆形的凸缘部212。其中，轴向是指圆柱体旋转中心轴的方向，即与中心轴平行的方向。径向垂直于轴向，即圆柱体端面圆的半径或直径方向。
线圈22缠绕在线圈骨架21上的主体部211上并位于主体部211两端的两个凸缘部212之间。可以理解，线圈22的两端还连接有线圈端子(图未示)。例如，线圈端子可以使用铜等导电材料制成，如此可以通过线圈端子对线圈22通电以对驱动装置200进行驱动。
轭铁23由磁性材料构成且包围线圈骨架21。本申请实施方式中，轭铁23大致呈“口”字型，其包括依次连接的上盖板231、侧板232及底板233。其中，上盖板231、侧板231及底板233均呈矩形板状结构，且上盖板231和底板233分别对应线圈骨架21的两个凸缘部212。在一实施方式中，底板233和侧板232可以一体成型，即底板233和一对侧板232可以通过一张板弯折而连续的形成。
轭铁23的底板233形成有插通孔233a，插通孔233a中装配有密封套筒26。具体地，插通孔233a可以通过冲压的方式形成，如此底板233被冲压的部分伸入线圈骨架21的主体部211内以形成插通孔233a的周壁。
静铁芯24和动铁芯25沿线圈骨架21的主体部211的轴向方向设置于主体部211内。其中，静铁芯24固定设置于主体部211的一端且靠近上盖板231。当线圈22通电后，静铁芯24因被磁化而产生吸力，在所述吸力的作用下动铁芯25可向靠近静铁芯24的方向移动。本实施方式中，静铁芯24和动铁芯25均大致呈圆柱状。
密封套筒26设置于线圈骨架21内且包围静铁芯24和动铁芯25。本实施方式中，密封套筒26由非导磁性材料构成，且具有开口端261。线圈骨架21的靠近上盖板231的凸缘部212上形成有圆环状的支撑面212a，密封套筒26的开口端261沿径向方向凸伸形成有抵接部261a。支撑面212a用于承载固定抵接部261a，进而可防止密封套筒26脱落。
本申请实施例中，静铁芯24和动铁芯25的外径与密封套筒26的内径大致相同。静铁芯24设置于密封套筒26的开口侧，动铁芯25在密封套筒26内移动。可以理解，动铁芯25的移动范围为静铁芯24远离开口端261的端面至密封套筒26远离上盖板231的空间。
另外，上盖板231的大致中央位置贯通开设有供静铁芯24穿过的插接孔231a，且插接孔231a的内径小于密封套筒26的内径。静铁芯24远离动铁芯25的一端的中部沿静铁芯24的轴向方向凸伸形成插接部243。插接部243安装于插接孔231a中，进而实现对静铁芯24的固定和安装。可以理解，静铁芯24的插通孔241贯穿插接部243，用于插接触头装置100。
复位弹性件27夹设于静铁芯24和动铁芯25之间。复位弹性件27用于对动铁芯25施加与静铁芯24所产生的吸力的方向相反的驱动力，进而可以使得当线圈22断电时驱动动铁芯25回复到初始位置，即驱动动铁芯25移动至密封套筒26远离触头装置100的一端。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，静铁芯24的插通孔241的中部的整周上设置有朝向中心侧突出而使插通孔241的孔径减小的第一抵持部242。动铁芯25的插通孔251的底部的整周上设置有朝向中心侧突出而使插通孔251的孔径减小的第二抵持部252。复位弹性件27的一端与第一抵持部242抵持，复位弹性件27的另一端与第二抵持部252抵持。
触头装置100包括基体10、两个静触头30和动触头组件50。基体10呈一端开口的箱体状，且开口的一侧设置于驱动装置200的上盖板231上。基体10具内腔101。基体10远离开口的顶部间隔设置有两个通孔11，两个静触头30分别穿过对应的通孔11固定于基体10并伸入内腔101。本申请实施例中，基体10由耐热性材料(如陶瓷)制成。静触头30大致呈圆筒型且由铜系材料等导电性材料制成。动触头组件50位于基体10内且一端安装于驱动装置200上，进而使得动触头组件50在驱动装置200的驱动下可以和两个静触头30相接触或分离。
动触头组件50包括推动部件51、动触头52、连接部件53及触头弹性件55。推动部件51的一端位于基体10内且另一端安装于动铁芯25上，进而在动铁芯25的带动下，推动部件51能够在基体10内移动。
动触头52通过连接部件53活动安装于推动部件51上，用于在推动部件51的推动作用下与静触头30相接触或分离。触头弹性件55夹设于动触头52与推动部件51之间，用于向动触头52提供弹性作用力。一方面，触头弹性件55确保动触头52与静触头51之间接触时有足够的接触压力；另一方面，触头弹性件55在一定程度上缓冲动触头52与静触头30接触时两者之间的冲击力，减小动触头52与静触头30的受损的可能性，从而延长电磁开关900的使用寿命。本实施方式中，触头弹性件55为压簧。可以理解，触头弹性件55也可以为金属簧片等弹性结构。
本实施方式中，动铁芯25处于初始位置时动触头52与静触头30相互分离，且在动铁芯25处于与静铁芯24相抵接的位置时动触头52与静触头30接触的方式来设定动铁芯25 与动触头52的位置关系。即，在未对线圈22通电的期间，触头装置100断开，此时两个静触头30之间断开，动触头52与静触头30相互分离；在对线圈22通电的期间，动触头52与静触头30接触，触头装置100接通，此时两个静触头30之间导通。
本实施方式中，触头装置100采取桥式双断点触点结构。两个静触头30沿第一方向间隔设于基体10远离驱动装置200的一端。在桥式双断点触点结构中，当动触头与两个静触头处于接触的状态下，即动静触头闭合导通电流时，动触头会受到电流产生的电动斥力。如图4所示，电动斥力由两部分组成：其一是流经静触头的电流对动触头电流产生的洛伦磁力F L；其二是电流在动、静触头之间的接触点时收缩产生的霍姆力F h。霍姆力F h与电流I的平方呈正比，即电流越大，产生的霍姆力F h越大，具体如公式(1)。
Figure PCTCN2020106111-appb-000004
其中，F h为采用单个触头片结构的动触头所受到的霍姆力，μ 0为真空中的磁导率，R为动触头半径，r为动触头与静触头接触区域的半径(即触点半径)。随着电流I增大，例如，短路电流，当动触头受到的电动斥力大于触头压力时，动触头有被斥开的风险，严重时可能导致爆炸等安全事故。
为解决上述问题，提高电磁开关900的抗短路电流能力，在本申请实施例中，动触头52包括N个并联的触头片521，其中N为大于1的整数，N个并联的触头片521在推动部件51的带动下，能够与两个静触头30接触或分离，请结合参阅图5与图6，其中图5为图3中的电磁开关的动触头组件的立体组装示意图；图6为图5中的动触头组件的立体分解示意图。本实施方式中，N的值为2。由于动触头52包括N个并联的触头片521，即动触头52包括N个触头片结构。设流经动触头52的总电流为I，流经每个触头片521的电流为动触头52总电流I的
Figure PCTCN2020106111-appb-000005
根据公式(1)，则能够获取每个触头片521上的霍姆力F′ h为
Figure PCTCN2020106111-appb-000006
如此，减少了动触头52上的霍姆力，降低了动触头52经受短路大电流时被斥开的可能性，从而提高了触头装置100与电磁开关900的短路耐受能力。
本实施方式中，触头片521沿第一方向延伸(即触头片521的长度方向为第一方向，如图5所示的X方向)，N个触头片521沿第二方向(如图5所示的Y方向)排列并接触实现N个触头片521并联，推动部件51在驱动装置200的驱动下能够带动N个并联的触头片521沿第三方向(如图5所示的Z方向)运动，第一方向、第二方向、第三方向三者中的任意两个相互垂直，实现N个并联的触头片521与两个静触头30接触或分离。可以理解，不限定第一方向与第二方向垂直，不限定第二方向与第三方向垂直，不限定第三方向与第一方向垂直。可以理解，N个触头片521也可以通过导线连接等方式实现并联，在此不作限定。
N个并联的触头片521均设有第一滑行孔5211，连接部件53滑动穿设于第一滑行孔5211内，以使触头片521能够相对推动部件51沿第三方向运动。第一滑行孔5211为沿第三方向延伸的腰型孔。动触头52沿第三方向可运动的行程为触头超程。第一滑行孔5211沿第三方向的延伸长度限定了动触头521的触头超程。触头片521靠近驱动装置200的一 端设有抵持子槽5213，N个并联的触头片521的抵持子槽5213相互连通形成抵持槽5215。触头弹性件55抵持于推动部件51与抵持槽5215的内壁之间。如此，同个触头弹性件55能够与所有的触头片521均抵持，通过同个触头弹性件55向各个触头片521提供弹性力，确保各触头片521与静触头30之间的接触压力，减少触头弹性件55的使用数量，简化了动触头组件50及触头装置100的结构，方便组装与拆卸。
线圈22通电后，动触头52与静触头30接触时，触头片521受到静触头30的压力，能够沿第一滑行孔5211朝向远离静触头30的方向运动，防止触头片521与静触头30硬碰硬造成损坏。触头弹性件55能够确保触头片521与静触头30具有之间的接触压力。线圈22断电后，动触头52与静触头30分离，由于触头弹性件55的弹性作用，触头片521回复在第一滑行孔5211中的初始位置。
本实施方式中，第一滑行孔5211的数量为一个，第一滑行孔5211大致位于触头片521的中部位置，触头片521上的抵持子槽5213的数量为两个，两个抵持子槽5213沿第一方向间隔设置，第一滑行孔5211位于两个抵持子槽5213之间；触头弹性件55的数量为两个，两个触头弹性件55与两个抵持子槽5213一一对应，以使N个并联的触头片521各个部分受到的弹性力较为均衡。
可以理解，对触头片521上的抵持子槽5215的数量、第一滑行孔5211的数量、连接部件53的数量、触头弹性件55的数量不作限定，例如，触头片521上的抵持子槽5215的数量为一个，触头片521上的第一滑行孔5211的数量为两个，抵持子槽5215位于两个第一滑行孔5211之间，两个连接部件53与两个第一滑行孔5211一一对应，一个触头弹性件55抵持于推动部件51与抵持子槽5215的内壁之间。另外，对触头弹性件55设置触头片521的方式不作限定，抵持子槽5215也可以省略，例如，在触头片521朝向驱动装置200的侧面上设凸柱，将触头弹性件55套设于凸柱上。
其中，推动部件51包括推杆511、隔离件513及触头支架515。推杆511活动穿设于静铁芯24的插通孔241，推杆511的一端固定于动铁芯25的插通孔251内。隔离件513固定套设于推杆511远离动铁芯25的一端。隔离件513由电性绝缘材质制成，用于使推杆511与N个并联的触头片521之间保持良好的电性绝缘。触头支架515固定套设于隔离件515外，用于承载N个并联的触头片521。N个并联的触头片521穿设于触头支架515。连接部件53与触头支架515固定相接，触头弹性件55抵持于隔离件513与N个并联的触头片521之间。
动触头52与静触头30接触导通时，线圈22带低压电，动触头52与静触头30构成触头高压回路，由于推杆511与N个并联的触头片521之间通过隔离件513保持良好的电性绝缘，触头高压回路与低压的线圈22完全隔离开来，使得电磁开关900在切换大电流、直流高压负载时，电磁开关900的带低压的线圈22不会受到大电流、高电压的影响而造成损害，防止高低压之间击穿带来的安全问题，即提高触头装置100与电磁开关900的安全可靠性。
其中，隔离件513包括连接部5131及导向部5135。连接部5131固定套设于推杆511的一端并固定穿设于触头支架515，用于实现推杆511与触头支架515的固定相接。导向部5135凸设于连接部5131背离第一连接部5131的一侧，触头弹性件55套设于导向部5135 上。导向部5135用于对触头弹性件55的运动进行导向，提高各触头片521与静触头30接触稳定性。可以理解，不限定隔离件513的结构，例如，隔离件513可以省略导向部5135，隔离件513能够使推杆511与动触头52之间电性隔离即可。本实施方式中，隔离件513由塑料制成，推杆511和触头支架515通过注塑或其它方式与塑料制成的隔离件513连接形成推动部件51，并通过塑料隔离件513彼此隔离。可以理解，隔离件513不限定为塑料制成，其也可以通过其他的绝缘材质制成，亦不限定通过注塑工艺将隔离件513、推杆511与触头支架515固定连接。
其中，触头支架515大致为U形框架。触头支架515包括底壁部5150及和从底壁部5150的两端弯折延伸形成的侧壁部5151。底壁部5150与侧壁部5150围成收容槽5153收容槽。收容槽隔离件513的连接部5131穿设于底壁部5150。侧壁部5151上设有安装孔5155，连接部件53与收容槽固定孔5155固定连接。收容槽N个并联的次触头521穿设于收容槽5153触头弹性件55收容于收容槽5153内。触头支架515的结构简单，方便触头片521与触头支架515的组装及拆卸。可以理解，不限定触头支架515的结构，例如触头支架515可以省略收容槽5151，触头支架515能够承载动触头52的N个并联的触头片521即可。
连接部件53包括触头轴531及两个卡持件533。触头轴531的每个端部上设有卡槽5311。收容槽触头轴531穿设于收容槽安装孔5155与第一滑行孔5211。卡槽5311露出安装孔5155并位于触头支架515外。卡持件533卡持于卡槽5311，用于防止触头轴531脱离触头支架515，从而将触头轴531固定于触头支架515上。通过卡持方式将触头轴531固定于触头支架515上，有利于方便动触头组件50的组装及拆卸。可以理解，连接部件53的数量可以为两个或两个以上，收容槽5151的侧壁上的安装孔5155的数量对应连接部件53的数量，第一滑行孔5211的数量对应连接部件53的数量；不限定连接部件53包括触头轴531及两个卡持件533，即不限定连接部件53通过卡持的方式安装于触头支架515上。
动触头组件50组装时，将隔离件513套设于推杆511远离动铁芯25的一端，将触头支架515固定套设于隔离件513上，将触头弹性件55套设于导向部5135上，将触头轴531穿过触头支架515的安装孔5155以及各触头片521的第一滑行孔5211，并触头弹性件55背离隔离件513的一端卡入抵持槽5215，将卡持件533卡入卡槽5311，即可以完成动触头组件50的组装。可以理解，上述动触头组件50的组装顺序仅是示例性地，并不构成对本申请的限定。
设电磁开关900处于初始状态时，动触头52与静触头30未接触。线圈22通电后，静铁芯24因被磁化而产生吸力，在静铁芯24的吸力的作用下，动铁芯25向靠近静铁芯24的方向移动。推杆511由动铁芯25带动朝向静触头30运动，动触头52的N个并联的触头片521与静触头30接触。本申请提供的动触头组件50及电磁开关900，动触头52包括N个并联的触头片521，即使动触头52与静触头30之间出现大短路电流(例如15KA以上)，由于单个触头片521上的霍姆力很小，使得动触头52所受到的霍姆力很小，如此，降低了动触头52被斥开的可能性，有利于提高电磁开关900的安全可靠性。
需要说明的是，本申请实施方式中，密封套筒26、上盖板231和基体10形成共通的密封室。
可以理解，可以省略连接部件53，而直接将动触头52的各个触头片521与推动部件 51连接，在一实施方式中，一种触头装置，应用于电磁开关，包括基体、两个静触头及动触头组件，所述基体具内腔，两个所述静触头间隔固定于所述基体的一端并伸入所述基体的内腔，所述动触头组件包括推动部件与动触头，所述推动部件活动穿设于所述基体，所述动触头安装于所述推动部件上并位于所述基体的内腔，所述动触头包括N个并联的触头片，所述N为大于1的整数，N个并联的所述触头片在所述推动部件的带动下，能够与两个所述静触头接触或分离。
请参阅图7，图7为本申请第二实施方式提供的电磁开关的剖视图。与第一实施方式提供的电磁开关的不同在于，动触头组件还包括补偿结构57，用于产生抵消动触头52所受到的部分电动斥力的电磁力，进一步提高电磁开关的抗短路能力。
请结合参阅图8、图9，补偿结构57包括动导磁体571、固定支架572及静导磁体573。动导磁体571滑动地套设于连接部件53的触头轴531上并收容于触头支架515内。固定支架572固定于触头支架515上并位于触头片521背离推杆511的一侧。固定支架572由不导磁材料加工而成。静导磁体573固定于固定支架572上并位于N个并联的触头片521与固定支架572之间。静导磁体573与动导磁体571之间形成工作气隙501。触头弹性件55穿设于动导磁体571，并抵持于触头片521与隔离件513之间。
请参阅图10，图10为动触头52的触头片521未与静触头(图10中省略)接触时的状态图，触头片521与动导磁体571位于初始位置。
请参阅图11，图11为动触头52的触头片521与静触头(图11中省略)接触时的状态图，动触头52的触头片521与静触头接触时，受到静触头的压力朝向推杆511所在方向运动。在动触头52与两个静触头30接触时流过短路电流之际，会产生使静导磁体573和动导磁体572基于电流而相互吸引的电磁力，进而使得静导磁体54与动导磁体55相互吸引，抵消动触头52所受到的部分电动斥力。具体地，当短路电流产生时，短路电流会在静导磁体与动导磁体形成的电磁回路(例如图7所示的虚线框)产生电磁吸力F，电磁吸力F大小与电流的平方、工作气隙的气隙面积S成正比，且与工作气隙的气隙距离δ平方成反比，具体公式如公式(2)下：
F∝I 2*S/δ 2，公式(2)
通过上述公式(2)可以看出，可以通过增大工作气隙之间的气隙面积或者减小工作气隙的气隙距离来增加导磁体之间的吸力。动导磁体571朝向静导磁体573运动时，工作间隙501的气隙距离变小，则电磁吸力F会变大，从而抵消了部分动触头52上的霍姆力。N个并联的次触头521的动触头结构结合补偿结构57，大大提高了触头装置100与电磁开关900的短耐受能力。
更为具体的，动导磁体571大致为U形结构。动导磁体571包括底壁部5710及和从底壁部5710的两端弯折延伸形成的侧壁部5711，底壁部5710与侧壁部5711共同围成开槽5713。N个并联的触头片521穿设于开槽5713，即动导磁体571包裹N个并联的触头片521，方便动导磁体571与N个并联的触头片521的组装。侧壁部5711开槽的侧壁设有第二滑行孔5717，触头轴531滑动地穿设于第二滑行孔5717。
触头片521沿第三方向能够运动的行程为触头超程。由于动导磁体571能够相对动触 头52运动，工作气隙501能够减小的气隙距离大于触头超程，有利于进一步减小工作气隙501的气隙距离，从而进一步提高触头装置的抗短路电流能力。动导磁体571包裹触头片521并通过触头轴531与触头片521安装在一起，动导磁体571在受到电磁力时可上、下运动以调节与静导磁体573之间的工作气隙501。触头装置增加补偿结构57，通过动导磁体571产生的电磁吸力抵消部分触头电动斥力，该补偿结构57工作气隙可自动调整，由于工作气隙能够减小的气隙距离大于触头超程，补偿力大于现有的触头装置提供的补偿力。
可以理解，不限定动导磁体571滑动套设于连接部件53上，动导磁体571可以与触头片521固定于一起，即动导磁体571与触头片521组成相对触头支架515运动的可动部件，使得所述工作气隙能够减小的气隙距离等于触头超程。
可以理解，可以省略固定支架572，直接将静导磁体573固定于触头支架515上。在一实施方式中，补偿结构包括动导磁体及静导磁体，所述动导磁体滑动地套设于触头支架上，所述静导磁体固定于所述触头支架上并位于所述触头片背离所述推杆的一侧，所述静导磁体与所述动导磁体之间形成工作气隙，所述动导磁体与所述静导磁体之间能够基于所述动触头与所述静触头接触时流经的电流而产生电磁吸力，使得所述动导磁体朝向所述静导磁体运动。
在一实施方式中，请参阅图12，补偿结构还包括弹性件577，弹性件577抵持于动导磁体571的底壁部5710与触头片521之间，用于复位动导磁体571。
以上是本申请实施例的实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请实施例原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种触头装置，应用于电磁开关，其特征在于，包括基体、两个静触头及动触头组件，所述基体具内腔，两个所述静触头间隔固定于所述基体的一端并伸入所述基体的内腔，所述动触头组件包括推动部件与动触头，所述推动部件活动穿设于所述基体，所述动触头安装于所述推动部件上并位于所述基体的内腔，所述动触头包括N个并联的触头片，所述N为大于1的整数，N个并联的所述触头片在所述推动部件的带动下，能够与两个所述静触头接触或分离。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的触头装置，其特征在于，所述动触头组件还包括连接部件及触头弹性件，N个并联的所述触头片均设有第一滑行孔，所述连接部件滑动地穿设于所述第一滑行孔并与所述推动部件固定连接，所述触头弹性件位于所述N个并联的触头片与所述推动部件之间，N个并联的所述次触头能够相对所述推杆部件作朝向或远离所述静触头的运动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的触头装置，其特征在于，所述推动部件包括推杆、隔离件与触头支架，所述隔离件固定套设于所述推杆的一端，所述触头支架固定套设于所述隔离件外，N个并联的所述触头片穿设于所述触头支架，所述连接部件与所述触头支架固定相接，所述弹性件抵持于所述隔离件与N个并联的所述触头片之间，所述隔离件用于使所述推杆与N个并联的所述触头片之间保持电性绝缘。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的触头装置，其特征在于，所述动触头组件还包括补偿结构，所述补偿结构包括动导磁体及静导磁体，所述动导磁体与所述触头支架活动连接，所述静导磁体固定于所述触头支架上并位于所述触头片背离所述推杆的一侧，所述静导磁体与所述动导磁体之间形成工作气隙，所述动导磁体与所述静导磁体之间能够基于所述动触头与所述静触头接触时流经的电流而产生电磁力，使得所述动导磁体朝向所述静导磁体运动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的触头装置，其特征在于，所述动导磁体收容于所述触头支架，所述动导磁体及和从所述底壁部的两端弯折延伸形成的侧壁部，所述底壁部与所述侧壁部共同围成开槽，N个并联的所述触头片穿设于所述开槽，所述底壁部位于所述触头片与所述隔离件之间，所述侧壁部开设有第二滑行孔，所述触头弹性件穿设于所述底壁部，所述连接部件滑动地穿设于所述第二滑行孔，所述动导磁体能够相对所述触头片运动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的触头装置，其特征在于，所述补偿结构还包括弹性件，所述弹性件抵持于所述动导磁体的底壁部与N个所述触头片之间。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的触头装置，其特征在于，所述补偿结构还包括固定支架，所述固定支架固定于所述触头支架上，所述静导磁体固定于所述固定支架上，所述静导磁体位于所述固定支架与N个并联的所述触头片之间。
  8. 根据权利要求3-7任意一项所述的触头装置，其特征在于，所述触头片上设有抵持子槽，N个并联的所述触头片的抵持子槽相互连通形成抵持槽，所述触头弹性件抵持于所述隔离件与所述抵持槽的内壁之间。
  9. 根据权利要求3-7任意一项所述的触头装置，其特征在于，所述隔离件背离所述推杆一侧凸设导向部，所述弹性件套设于所述导向部上。
  10. 一种电磁开关，包括驱动装置及根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的触头装置，其特征在于，所述基体背离所述静触头的一端与所述驱动装置固定连接，所述驱动装置与所述触头装置的推动部件远离所述动触头的一端连接，用于驱动所述推动部件运动。
  11. 一种车载充电机，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求10所述的电磁开关。
  12. 一种新能源汽车，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求11所述的车载充电机和电池包，所述电池包用于存储所述车载充电机输入的电量，还用于通过所述车载充电机进行逆变放电。
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